THE BIBLE-BATTELLS. Or The Sacred Art Military. For the rightly wage●ng of war according to Holy Writ.  
Compiled for the use of all such valiant Worthies, and virtuously Valorous Soldiers; as upon all just occasions be ready to affront the Enemies of God, our King, and Country.  
By RIC. BERNARD Rector of BATCOMBE SOMERSETSHIRE.  
JOAB the General's speech.  Be of good Courage, and let us play the men for our people, and for the Cities of our God, and let the Lord do that which seemeth him good. 2 Sam. 10. 12. St PAUL'S encouragement. Watch ye, stand fast, quit yourselves like men, and be strong. 1 Cor. 16. 13. 
Printed for Edward Blackmore, and are to be sold by james Boler at the Sign of the flower de Luce in Paul's Churchyard. 1629.   

TO THE MOST HIGH AND MIGHTY MONARCH CHARLES King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith.  
Puissant-Prince.  
STRONG be Your Arms, and victorious Your Armies, the Lord of Hosts be with You, and the mighty God of jacob▪ Your Refuge.  
That foretold by Christ is now verified: a noise there is of wars, and a rumour of wars: Nation riseth against Nation, and Kingdom against Kingdom: and now, as John saw in the vision, is the Holy City trodden under foot. It must be so for a time. On they go & have prevailed: but yet there is hope, if we war aright. The great Man of war (as Moses calleth him) hath directed us in the Bible battles; useful I hope, for these times: but yet I leave this to Your Majesty's Heroical wisdom to judge. Into method and order I have collected them: and am bold in all humility of heart to present them to Your Sacred Person. Your Highness the Saints look unto for safeguard The poor distressed Churches cry aloud for help. Is not their habitation become Aceldama, the field of blood? Many Valorous Courages do attend the opportunity of time; many valiant Martialists expect direction, and all harken after but only a word of command. Disconsolate Princes crave aid: Religion itself saith to her Defender, set forward. The hearts of the people, ready with purse, I hope, will appear, as now they pray, generally for the Church's safety.  
Stand therefore (o King) in the Forefront of the Lords Battles; though not in person, yet in the power of Your Might, to suppress the insolency of high hearted Enemies. And the strong arm of the Subduer of Hosts be with you, that this great name of Charles the First, amongst our famous Kings, may become renowned by wisdom and piety, Prowess and Victory, throughout the Christian world. This be the prayer of all faithful Subjects, and ever mine.  
Your Majesty's humble and and most loyally devoted Subject and Servant: RICHARD BERNARD.   

TO THE MAGNANIM OUSLY HEARTED READER, to every heroic spirit, of worthy Resolution, and whosoever is generously affected to Military Profession, and well deserving the name of a Soldier, and place in so honourable an employment.  
Wisdom, valour and victory attend ever their service for God, for Religion, for his Church, for their King and Country.  
Amen.   

Noble Worthies  
NOW is the time to show wisdom and courage, for acclamatur ubique ad bellum: yet to rush unadvisedly into Battle, is not the way for victory. I here in my labour do not so undertake to prescribe Rules, as to write an History of Holy Wars. Here is a Pattern from God's people, who fought many set Battles, and commonly got the day; for God was with them. They stood out stoutly for him, his worship and service. Their footsteps if you follow, you shall surely speed the better. Let none say that this Treatise will not suit well to these times. For the true differences are not many heretofore and now in the universal Course Military. But whatsoever the differences be therein my principal aim in the use of Arms is to bring into the Camp the Practice of Piety. For the ill (though an overtrue saying) hath been, Rara fides, pietasque viris qui castra sequuntur. These seeming exiled Virtues I desire to be welcomed amongst you Valiant Worthies; and Vices sent packing from every true Soldier with detestation. To this purpose tend my endeavours with full current. To follow this Stream is to make your Armies strong, and yourselves victorious.  
And here I have a Suit to you (o you Sons of Valour) In going forth, consider what you be, against whom you fight, and for what. Remember that Great Britain is inferior to no Nation; and that by the prowess and valour of English and Scots, glorious victories have been obtained. You cannot you may not forget the valiant acts of General Norice in the Low Countries; of the worthily honoured Lord Grey in Ireland, of the never dying Names of Drake, Furbisher, & Hawkins, of the right famous Earl of Essex, of the deservedly eternised Veres, of the invincible▪ spirited Green▪ field, of the noble Cicill, with many others worthy of an everlasting Name: Be courageous still, and cease not to uphold the renown of this our Name and Nation.  
Weigh your Enemies. They prosper you will say; oh that our Sin & Slackness were not the cause. Their success is but now of late, consider you the former times; stay and wonder at our incredible victories: we may yet hope well, if we would do well for ourselves. They are in their height of Pride, and their downfall is near: Courage then, and expect the issue.  
Our cause is just, though God please a while to afflict us. Set the worth of our Religion before your eyes: It's the truth of the eternal God. The Scriptures command it; and thereby our consciences bound▪ do tie us unto it. It hath been confirmed by the blood of Martyrs, Reverend Bishops, and godly Divines, learned Lawyers, and innumerable others. Our Kings have established it; good Laws are enacted for it; peaceably we have enjoyed it: Miraculous deliverances we have had, since we professed it. And what still maintains it? Power or Policy of man? No, no such thing; but the hand of the Almighty. Who it was that delivered us from the intended Invasion; who it was that prevented the hellish Powder-plot, who it was that freed us from the many Treacheries and Treasons practised against us.  
Remember these things (o ye truehearted English) stand ye (ye Valorous Minds) close to the cause of God. Fight under his Banner against these Enemies of our Faith, our King, and Kingdom: go on so, and prosper; and the Arm of jesus strengthen you.  
Do not marvel (Honourable & honoured Martialists) that I, Vnus de multis inter Obscuros, & not the magnis inter Notos, should thus presume to speak unto you. I hope you will rather consider the worth of the matter, then weigh the defects of the man. Neither let me be blamed, that being by profession Vir Pacis, Minister Ecclesiae Anglicanae, should thus thrust myself into Campum Martis. The Sacred Bible, my daily study, gave me the grounds; my delight in Histories of this subject enlarged my meditations. That I find in holy Writ. I think I may write of: Hoc instituto meo alienum esse non putavi. The Priests of God went out with the Lords Hosts in former times, and that by his appointment. john the Baptist spoke unto Soldiers; they asked him what they should do; and he advised them in some things. I have laboured for your good, bonâ saltem intention: I pray my endeavour may not be reckoned minoris pretii, quia ego Minister. The worth of a true Soldier I have ever honoured; I prise at an high rate a Man os valour▪ and he well deserves it. I wish ex animo that illustrious eminency may ever attend him, that is by virtue Valiant.  
I doubt not therefore, but that this Work, from the word (not hitherto published by any) will be favourably accepted of you. That if it make you not Soldiers according to Men, (because perhaps more you know already by practice and experience) yet am I s●re it may make you virtuously valiant, and good men according to God. And being so, then, though you die here in Battle, you may hereafter live in blessedness: Which I hearty wish you may attain unto, there to triumph for ever.  
Yours in his prayer, and at command in all Christian Services, RICH: BERNARD.   

The Contents of every Chapter in this Book.  

CHAP. I. OF the excellency of the History of the wars in Holy Writ.  
CHAP. II. Of the wars of God with man.  
CHAP. III. Of the wars of man with man, and of the lawfulness of such wars.  
CHAP. IU. Of the honourable calling and employment of a right Soldier.  
CHAP. V Of the just causes and true grounds of making war.  
CHAP. VI Of necessary war.  
CHAP. VII. Of the chief Authority moving to war, and of Kings going out with their Hosts.  
CHAP. VIII. Of Pressed men, and Voluntaries.  
CHAP. IX. Of the mustering and choice of Soldiers.  
CHAP. X. Of the Arms in old times, the view of them, and of the exercise before Soldiers go to war.  
CHAP. XII. Of the General over the whole Army.  
CHAP. XIII. Of Counsel for War.  
CHAP. XIV. Of the disciplining of an Army, and orderly government thereof.  
CHAP. XV. Of the evils to be avoided in a Camp, and to be punished.  
CHAP. XVI. Of a convenient Army, and of necessaries prepared aforehand to maintain the same.  
CHAP. XVII. Of means abroad to be used before the war begin.  
CHAP. XVIII. Of the religious preparation before the Army march.  
CHAP. XIX. Of laying good grounds aforehand to speed well, and of a peaceable and lawful proceeding against such an Enemy.  
CHAP. XX. Of marching forward and encamping.    

CHAP. I. Of the excellency of the History of wars in Holy writ.  
MOst that delight to read, or almost all, so delighted, do spend their time in perusesing over humane stories, and do highly extol the histories of the wars of Heathen Commanders, as of great Alexander, of julius Caesar, of Pyrrhus the Epirot, of Hannibal the Carthaginean, of Scipio Africanus, and many other praise worthy Cheiftaines in war: but do lightly price the Scriptures History of wars, the right art military indeed, which was commanded to be penned by that great man of war, (as Moses styleth him) the 
Exod: 15.  only chief and highest commander whose name is the Lord of Hosts.  
And yet this Sacreed story surpasseth all other, and is above them to be commended for many things; as first for the undoubted truth in all and every thing therein delivered. 2. For the antiquity thereof before all other extant in the whole world. 3. For the great authority thereof, divine and heavenly. 4. For the short and pithy relations. 5. For such admirable things as be therein recorded, not else where to be found. If withal the certainty of such things be considered; as  
I. The Lords most valiant and religious General, never to be matched for fame and glory. Who can compare with josua, judged to be one of the Nine Worthies? Who can match with some of the judges, as Shamgar, who slew 600 men with an Ox goad, or Samson, that slew a 1000 with the jaw bone of an Ass? judg. 3. 31. Or who can compare with David the King, another of the Nine Worthies, for wisdom, valour and piety? Or who hath excelled a third of the nine worthies, judas Machabeus for courage, for magnanimity of spirit, and undauntedness of heart?  
TWO The Captains and worthies as David had, who among the Heathen like Adino, that in one battle slew 800 men with his own hand? Who could break thorough an whole host of armed men, as did only three of David's worthies to fetch some water for David to drink? Then worthy Acts are recorded in the 2. Sam. cap: 23. and 1. 11. whereto I refer the Reader, as not to be paralleled among the true histories of any Heathen or Christian.  
III The set Battles therein mentioned, in number found 37; what one History hath the like number in so compendious a relation▪  
IV The huge Armies set down: The Army which Gedeon fought which was very great, for then above 120000 were slain: The Army of Israel against Benjamin, was 4●0000: The Army of the Philistines at one time was 30000 Charets, 6000 horsemen, and footmen as the sand for multitude; saul's first host, which 
1 Sa 11. 8.  he levied against the Ammonites, was 330000: Amaziah against Edom had 300000: Shishake the King of Egypt came against judah in Rehoboams days with 1200 Charetts, 60000, horsemen, and footmen without number, jeroboam & Abijah brought 
2 Ch.  into the field at one time 1200000, the one 800000, the other 400000: Zerah the Ethiopian came against Asa with 1000000, and Asa met him with 580000, so there was that day in the field fifteen hundred & fourscore thousand men to fight, striving who should overcome, and be victorious: Greater armies I never read nor heard of in any History, save only that of Xerxzes the Persian, and that of Tamburlaine, and Baiezett the Turk and Tartar, if the relation of the numbers be true, as we are sure these all be.  
V The story is rare, In respect of the incredible slaughters in those 
jud. 8. 10.  days in one fought field: Gedeon in his wars did slay of the enemies 120000; David slew 40000 horsemen 
2 Sa 10. 18  in the Syrian host, with their 
2 Changed 3 17.  General, and the men also of 700: Charetts in one battle; jeroboam lost 500000 chosen men in his fightings against Abijah: Ahab slew of Benhadad's 
1 K 20 29 30.  Army 100000, besides 27000 that perished by the fall of a wall, and 
2 Ch. 28. 6. 8.  Pekah King of Israel destroyed in one day of the men of judah, 120000 and took captive 200000 prisoners.  
VI In regard of the most strange and unheard of victories; some miraculous, as when God set the sword of the enemies of his people against their own selves to slaughter and kill one another; as he did the Midianits and Amalakits, so the Philistians 
judg. 7. 2●  and likewise the Moabites, and Edomites and Ammonites, when they came against judah. Some other 
1 Sa. 14 20  though not such, yet so prosperous by God's protection and aiding power 
2 Changed 20.  to overcome, as the like is no where recorded, to omit the victories of josua against Og, against Sihon, against all the Kings of Canaan, the victories of judah, of Ehud, Baruk, 
judg. 1.  jephte, of Saul, of David, Asa, Ahab, Amaziah and others. I will mention but that one levied host of Israel in number 12000 only, which went out against Midian; and slew five Kings, burned all their Cities, and 
Num. 21. 5 8. 10. 32. 35. 50 Verse 49.  goodly castles with fire, and took prisoners 32000 persons; brought away for booty and spoil, besides jewels of gold, chains, braceletes, rings, earings, and tabletts, 675000 sheep, 72000 beefs, and 61000 Asses: and yet lost not one man in obtaining this victory.  
VII. To these former may be added, the great number of the valiant and matchless men, not in any Nation under heaven to be found, at one time so many as was there. There came to David to make him King at once 1222, Captains, and with them in number altogether 
1 Ch. 12. 28. 32. 34.  339300, all men of war very many thousands of them commended to be famous, mighty men of valour, expert in war, able to keep rank, and to set the Battle in array. Besides these, there were in valour peerless, all the 37 worthies of David, with many other mighty men, such 
2 Sa. 2. 22. 1 Ch. 11, & 12.  as could use both the right, and left hand, for hurling stones and shoting arrows out of a bow, yea men of might, fit for war, that could handle shield and buckler, whose faces were like the faces of Lions, and as swift as the Roes upon the mountains. Afterwards when David was settled, and joab commanded to number the people throughout the 12 Tribes, besides Levy and Benjamin, there were found 1570000 men that drew sword: and yet that Nation was not above 200 miles long, and 50 miles broad, not near the half of England by much. Yea when the Tribes were divided, and only judah & Benjamin made a kingdom, as much perhaps, as two or three of the lesser shires of England, yet could Abiiah raise up of chosen men 400000; Asa had an army of 580000 all mighty men of valour; to say nothing of Amaziah his host of 300000 nor of the 2600 chief of the Fathers 
2 Ch. 26.  very valiant men, under whom was an army of 307500 which made war with mighty power to help 
2 Ch, 17  King Vzziah against the enemy. In the reign of jehosaphat was an host of 1160000 men, mighty men of valour. Of what Nation so little hath been, or can be the like truly spoken?  
Lastly, the Nation was ever in military exercise by reason of continual wars at home or abroad; In the days of josua, of the judges, of Saul and David, after the peaceable days of Solomon, Israel & judah being divided, then began wars, and almost perpetual between the two kingdoms, besides the wars of foreign Enemies, the Egyptians, Moabits, Ammonites, Edomites, Philistims, Ethiopians, Syrians, Assyrians, and Babylonians, until both kingdoms perished, and were led away captive: So as this people could not be but good soldiers, for number many, in skill by daily use exquisite, in valour incomparable, in brave leaders, chief Captains and commanders, not to be matched. And therefore why may not much art of Souldiary and military knowledge be collected hence at least in many main points, as well, yea why not better, than some other humane writers? Seeing the relations are most true, matter to work upon plentifully administered, the warrant from God, the examples from the people of God, which being set for examples before them, will put soldiers in mind of the ways of God, to move them to seek help and aid of God, as those did against their enemies, when we go out to battle.   

The II. CHAP. Of the wars of God with man.  
War is the opposite to peace, and is by the Prophet called evil; being 
Esa, 4 5 7 Lev, 26, 25.  the fruit of sin, the punishment for sin, yea so fearful, as David once put to his choice, desired rather 
2 Sam: 24.  the pestilence, than the sword of an enemy: It bringeth with it for the most part innumerable evils, even as well to the Conquerors, as to the Conquered.  
This war is either of God with man, or of man with man: before I speak of the latter, I think it very fit to say something of the former in the first place; that men may consider of another kind of war, then usually they dream of.  
God hath war with man, yea he hath some where sworn; that with some sorts, he will have war from one generation to another, even for ever; there is no peace to 
Ex 17, 16. Esay 57 21 Ex. 15, 3.  the wicked; God therefore is pleased to be called vir belli a man of war, the Chaldee expresseth the title thus, the Lord and victor of wars; he causeth wars, and maketh an end of them, at his own will.  
Hence it is, that he is said to be armed, 
Rev. 19, 11 judg. 5, 8. Psal. 46, 9  Esay 59 17. and to have his Armoury, which he openeth, that he bringeth forth the weapons of his indignation, the Chariots and horse, the Army and power, that he rideth upon horses and charets, that he mustreth 
Hos. 2. 18. jer. 50. 25. Esai. 43. 17 Hab. 3. 9 judg. ●. 4. Esay 13. 4. 2 Ch. 25. 8 Esay 46. 10. 11. Ps. 24. 8.  his host, and marcheth against his enemies, with assured victory: for he hath power to help himself, and to cast down such as will resist him, his council doth ever stand; what he purposeth, that he can bring to pass, and he will do all his pleasure: for he is strong and mighty, even the Lord mighty in battle.  
Therefore hath he the title of King of Kings, of King of glory and the Lord of Hosts, a name given him by Esai and jeremy, above an hundred times, and mentioned in the old Testament above 240. times, so did the Lord, in those times, (if I may so say) give himself to wars and thereby vexed the Nation● and destroyed 
2 Ch. 15. 6  them for their sins.  
Now God's host or army is either more general or more special. The more general, consists of four Regiments. The two first fall upon his enemies covertly, suddenly and at unawares; but the other openly in the view of the eye.  
The first is of good Angels, called 
Gen. 32. 2 Luk. 2 13. 2 K. 19 37 2 Ch. 32. 21  for the great numbers, God's host for their quality heavenly soldiers, of which (such is their power) even one was able to slay, in one night, 185000. and among them all the mighty men of valour, leaders, and Captains, in the camp of the Assyrians.  
The Second Regiment is of bad Angels, 
Ps 78. 49.  with which he plagued the Egyptians, among whom he sent 
jud. 9  these wicked & evil spirits. By one of these he vexed and set at odds Abimilech 
2 Ch. 29. 23. 1 Sam. 14. 20  and the Sichemites to seek by a furious and bloody rage the utter ruin, and destruction of one another: And by these it is very like, he wrought the deaths of great 
jud. 7. 22.  Armies, when they slew one another, the Lord setting every man's sword against his own fellow, throughout the host.  
The third is of all other his creatures, except man, this is a very mighty strong and unresistable Army: with these he goeth forth in battle; He set the stars in their 
Exo. 9 23, 24. 34. 1 Sa. 7. 10. jos 10, 11. Psal. 11. 6.  courses to fight against Sisera: with thunder, lightning, reign and hail mingled with fire, he set upon the Egyptians: with great stones from heaven he slew the Canaanites, 
job 38. 22 23. Amos 4. 9 Hag. 2. 8. Num. 16. 35. 31, 32. 1 Sa. 14, 15  which hailstones he reserveth in his treasury against the time of war, with blasting winds, with fire, with Earthquakes he consumeth, overthroweth and devoureth up his enemies: He shooteth out his arrows, hot thunderbolts: with these he smites them through; yea saith the Prophet, with thunder, earthquake, great noise of storm and tempest, 
Ps. 18. 14. Esa. 29. 6. & 30 30. joel 2. 25. 2 Kin. 17. Deu. 32. 24  with the flame of devouring fire he will rise up against them; and show the lighting down of his arm, in the indignation of his anger, with scattering and tempest and hailstones. He cometh forth with his great hosts, as joel calleth them Cankerworms, locusts, Cater-pilpillers, and palmer-wormes: He armeth the teeth of the beasts and Lions to fight for him, and useth the poison of serpents to vex and slay his enemies. He sendeth out 
jos 24. 12. Exod. 8.  frogs, flies, and very lice to plague his enemies, and hornets to drive them away before him; so as he wanteth no means to annoy, no power to work the destruction of such as he shall arm himself against.  
The fourth Regiment is of men out 
joel 2. 11. Esa. 10. 5. & 13. 4, 5.  of his Church; these are his army or camp, as they be termed, as also the weapons of his indignation. These he calleth forth and mustereth them; over whom he hath appointed his generals, as once one the Babylonians his Lieutenant and servant 
jer. 25. 9 Esa. 45. 1, 2, 3.  Nabuchadnezzar, and over his host of Medes and Persians his Lieutenant and anointed Cyrus.  
These his armies of men he employeth diversely as he pleaseth; Sometimes several Nations of them one against another, as the Babylonians against the Assyrians, Egyptians, and other Countries: the Medes and Persians against these, the Grecians against them, and the Romans against all: So he arms the Turk against the Persians, and so to fight one against 
2 Ch. 15. 6.  another: for when Nations rise against Nations, and Cities against Cities, God's hand it is that vexeth them, saith a Prophet.  
Sometime he letteth them agree together, even several Nations and Kings, to gather together against the Church, and then sends an ill spirit among them to fall together by the ears one with another, and utterly to destroy one another, as the 
2 Ch. 20. 23.  Moabites, Ammonites and Edomites did.  
Sometime the Army of one and the same Nation he sets at odds, and the sword of every man against his own fellow, as fell out in the great 
1 Sam. 14. 20. jud. 7. 22.  host of the Philistims, and those enemies against which Gideon went forth.  
But this his host he doth not thus only employ one against another, their own selves, but he useth them against his own people, as appeareth by many examples in sacred story; Note this, and herein consider.  
1. That though these enemies 
joel 3. 11.  seem to come of their own accord, or are gathered together by ill instruments, such as the unclean spirits like frogs be in Reu. 16. 14. or by the devil set on as Gog and Magog. 
Reu. 16. 16 joel 3. 2. jud. 4. 7.  Reu. 20. 8. yet know we must, that God also gathereth them together, where and whither he will. He did draw Sisera with his Charets and multitude to come forth to the river Kishon; God's hand (though the enemy thinks not so) is in their conduction.  
2. The number of the enemy is not at their own will to come forth, 
Esa. 13. 4.  but the Lord numbereth and mustereth them, and so knoweth, to a man, how many he sendeth forth against his people.  
3. These enemies of his Church, yet his host, he gathereth together, he numbereth and mustereth them, and bringeth them out against his people, for several ends.  
Sometime only to terrify his people to make them fear before him to humble themselves with fasting and prayer, which being performed, he will set himself against those their enemies, and destroy them, as he did the three Nations 
2. Ch. 20.  which came against jehosophat: and as he did the proud Spaniards in their great Armado coming against Queen Elizabeth in the year 88 to their own shame, and the confusion of their conceited invincible power.  
Sometime it's to give his people some glorious victory over their Enemies, to let them see his power, mercy, and preservation of them, to stir them up to a more zealous service of him, as he did in the days of Asa, when the dreadful host of Zerah the Ethiopian his ten hundred 
2 Changed 14.  thousand came against judah, and were utterly discomfited.  
Often the Lord hath hardened these enemy's hearts against his people, that those enemies might be overthrown; 
Exo: 14. Num. 21. Ios. 11. 19, 20.  so he hardened Pharaoh and his Egyptians to follow after Israel, that he might drown them in the sea: So dealt he with Og, and Sihon, and withal the King of Canaan, that his people might utterly destroy them. In like sort he dealt 
2 Sam 5. & 8. 10.  with David's enemies who made war with him, but to their own ruin and overthrow, and to the infinite enriching of David and his people the Israelites.  
But some other time he gathereth these Enemies to this end, that they may indeed afflict and punish his own people, yea to rule over them, making them to serve with rigour, cruelty and great contempt; Thus he sent out the King of Assyria, and gave him a charge to take the spoil, 
Esa. 10. 6.  and the prey; yea and to tread them down like the mire in the streets.  

Yet observe in this hand of God.  
1. That the Enemy's prevailing against the Lord's people, as from God 
jud. 3. 8. & 4. 2. & 3: 3. 12. Leu. 26. 36 37.  himself: He selleth them into the enemy's hands, he strengtheneth the enemies to get the victory, and if people be weak, fearful, fly away, be overcome & spoilt, it is he that doth it; He turneth back the weapons of war in their hand, it is he that giveth jacob to the spoil, and 
jer. 21: 4. Esa 42: 24. jer. 21. 5. ●  Israel to robbers, for he fighteth sometimes against them with an outstretched hand and a strong arm, in anger, fury, and in great wrath.  
2. That all this happeneth for sin; because his people rebel and vex his spirit, do evil in his sight, and 
Esa, 63. 10 jud. 3. 12. Leu. 26. 14 15, with v, 17, 36, 37.  will not obey nor hearken to his commandments. For Idolatry and despising God's message by his Prophet was Amaziah overthrown in battle: Rehoboam for his Idolatry was spoilt by Shishake King of Egypt; for joash his Apostasy and his murder of Zacharias was a very great host delivered by God into 
Esai 42. 34. 2 Ch: 25. & 12. 2 Ch: 24. 2●  the hands of the Syrians a small company; For his wickedness was Ahab brought low, and at length judah led into captivity by Nabuchadnezzar.  
3. That although the Enemies be thus the rod of God's anger, and his 
Esai 10. 5.  indignation, the very staff in his hands to punish his people, for their hypocritical service; but not to destroy them utterly: yet because the enemies think not this, that they 
Esai 10. 13.  are only God's rod and staff; nor that their power is from him, because his people have sinned; but are proud, glorying in their own wisdom and strength, and intent in their hearts to destroy the Lords inheritance, he will at length turn his wrath upon them.  
For mark what the Lord saith by his Prophet, when the Lord hath performed his whole work upon 
Vers. 12. 16 17, 24, 27.  Mount Zion, and on jerusalem he will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the King of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks: And this is God's manner of dealing, when he hath humbled his people, then to bring upon their enemies a day of 
jer. 50. 17, 18, 23, & 51. 11. Amos 1. 3, 6 9, 11. 13.  vengeance, and a time of recompense as he did upon the Assyrians first, and next upon the Babylonians for their merciless cruelty against his people.  
The Lord now afflicteth heavily his Church, her enemies prevail mightily, and think to devour her up: false friends undermine her walls, open enemies assault her and tread her under foot in many places; but when God hath performed his whole work, he will take his time to gather them together to their destruction, and this he foretelleth us 
joel 3. 2. 11  plainly in Reu. 16. & 19 & 20. In the mean space, let us humble ourselves under his mighty hand; be warned by our former great losses, by our brother's calamities, by the signs from heaven, by the extraordinary storms and tempests, winter thunder and lightning so often and unusual, by plagues and other punishments fallen upon us; and if we turn and repent, then let us believe 
2 Ch. 20.  and wait with patience, yea then hearken what is said, stand still let us not fear, but behold the salvation of the Lord which he will show unto us, undoubtedly in that day; Amen. And thus for the general hosts of God, and the armies of his power in heaven and in earth.  
Now the other more special host, of this Lord God of Hosts is his trained soldiers, the Army which he hath in his Church for defence thereof, 
Exo. 12. 41 51. & 14. 20. & 23. 18. & 14. 2. & 15. 27. Num. 11. 10. & 16.  or to send out against their enemies, and his also for their sakes. This Army was the Israelites coming out of Egypt which are called God's host and Camp who went up harnessed; their resting places were called encamp, and their lodging was in Tents; The Lord caused a muster of them and to be numbered, and found among them to be 603550. able men to draw sword all that were 20. years old and upward. He set them in order in marching, and appointed them standards and the several armies to attend the same. This 
Ios. 5. 13. Exo. 13. 21. & 14. 19 Ps. 77. 20. Esa. 63. 12. Deut. 33. 5 Ps. 18. 32. 34. 38. & 144. 1.  host was the host of God, Christ their Prince and their Conductor: His Lieutenant general Moses, who was as a King among them. After Moses he set up josua to be general, after him judges, than Saul, and David the King, whom the Lord girded with strength to the battle▪ teaching his hands to war, and his fingers to fight, so as by he could by his arms break a bow of steel. Thus he trained him up to fight his battles  
This Army of his people is called 
1 Sam. 17. 36. Ios. 5. 15. Esa. 31. 4. Deu 20. 4. 1. Sa. 17. 47 2 Chr. 20. 15.  the host of the living God, and the Lords host, with this he taketh part, and for it fighteth as a Lion; with this he goeth to fight against his enemies; for the battle is not theirs but the Lords; and therefore the Lord was for them, to give them many glorious and incredible victories over their enemies.  
And as the Lord was glorified in victories by these, so will he assuredly be now also for his Church in his own good time. For albeit the beast must war with the Saints, and for a time overcome, Reu. 11. 2. & 13. 7. yet at length shall the lamb with his elect, called, and faithful prevail, Reu. 17. 14. He shall ride upon the white horse with many crowns upon his head, the armies of heaven also following on white horses, as triumphing over all their enemies, for he 
Reu. 17. 16.  is the King of Kings, and Lord of Lords; And thus of the wars of God with man.    

The III. Chap. Of the wars of man with man, and of the lawfulness of such wars.  
War is the contention between Princes or States by arms or force of men, under order and good government to obtain victory, and so ●he conquering and subduing of the Dominions, bodies and goods of one another, to live the better afterwards in peace and honour. For 
S. Aug: ad Bonifac.  saith a Father, the true servants of God make wars, that the wick●d may be restrained, and good men be relieved.  
War upon just cause undertaken is undoubtedly lawful: And this is necessary to be known and believed of all that undertake wars. For there is nothing more for encouragement, in any action then to have conscience satisfied in the lawfulness thereof.  
Some, as the Anabaptists, hold it not lawful for Christians under the Gospel to make war; but such are but dreamers; for  
1. God is pleased to he called a 
Exo. 15. 3.  man of War; now he never admitteth a title of a thing unlawful.  
2. He hath given commandment to his people sometimes to fight: Numbers 31. 3. 1. Sam. 15. 3. Deut. 2. 24.  
3. He made laws for direction to them, when they went to war, Deut. 20. 10. 15.  
4. Holy men of eminent place and graces have made war, as did 
Gen. 14.  Abraham, josua, David, and others.  
5. God would send his spirit upon them to encourage them to the war, as he did upon Gideon, Ehud, Samson, as we may read in the book of judges.  
6. God raised up some Prophets to comfort, and set forward his people to war; thus he moved Deborah 
jud. 4. 2 Ch. 20. 14, 15.  to call Barak into the wars: and jahaziel to encourage judah to go against their enemies.  
7. God taught David to play the part of a valiant Capraine and soldier; 
Ps. 144. 1. & 18, 39, 40.  he made his hands to war, and his fingers to fight, and made his arm strong to draw a bow of steel, as before is showed; for which David rendered thanks to him: yea David often consulted with God aforehand 
2 Sa. 5. 19 23.  and had answer from God, with promise to give him victory in▪ battle before he went out, which he would not have afforded him in an action sinful and unlawful to be done.  
8. In Battle, when his people rested upon him, and cried to him, he 
1 Ch. 5. 20.  did help them and made them conquerors.  
Lastly, war against God's enemies, and the battle fought against them, is called the Lords battle, and his work 
2 Ch. 20. jer. 48 10.  which they do, which God so alloweth of, as he denounceth a curse against them that shall do it deceitfully or negligently.  
Thus we see what warrant war hath from the Lord of Hosts in the old Testament. But they will grant this to be so in that time, for then God shown himself a man of war, and was as it were delighted with the title of Lord God of hosts so▪ often given to him, and seldom hardly once the name of the God of peace.  
But in the new Testament the case 
jam. 5. 4.  is otherwise, for he is but once or twice at most called there the Lord of Hosts, more often the God of peace: we be now under the Lord jesus the Prince of peace, and do profess the Gospel, the word of peace, which should move all Christians to live in peace and have wars, battle, and slaughtering of men.  
It's very true, that all men should 
Ps. 34. 14.  seek peace and ensue after it, as a blessing of God: yet just and necessary war is not to be condemned, for as a Father saith, it is a part of justice by war to defend our Country and 
Ambros de Of.  confederates, and such as need aid from spoilers and oppressors. Neither doth the New Testament disallow of war so it be just.  
1. Our Prince of peace telleth us of wars, and is pleased to be set out 
Mat. 24. Reu, 19 &▪ 17.  as a Captain of an Host riding on horse back, and subduing his enemies; and making a slaughter of them. Hereby showing that his Church shall have wars, and he will take their part and help to subdue their enemies, as he hath often done and yet will do.  
2. When the soldiers asked john 
Luk. 3. 14.  Baptist what they should do? he did not will them to forsake their calling: but admonished to do violence to none, to accuse none falsely, and to be content with their wages, as allowing the calling, but reforming the abuse.  
3. We find religious soldiers in the new Testament, the religious Centurion, Cornelius a Captain, 
Mat. 8. 8 10 Act. 10. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7.  and a soldier fearing God that waited on him.  
4. Saint Paul maketh it a fruit of faith, to be valiant in battle; if the 
Heb. 11. 34  lawfulness of war had been out of date under the Gospel, the Apostle would have left that out, as now no fruit of faith.  
5. God hath now appointed Kings to use the sword: not only 
Rom. 13. 4.  to punish offenders under them; but also to defend their subjects from violence and wrong at home and abroad.  
6. The Lord in calling the Gentiles to the Gospel made choice in the first place to begin with one of this calling before another: even a Captain called Cornelius, to whom he sent his Angel, and after Saint Peter to instruct him, and to make him and his, the first fruits of the Gentiles, so far was he from disesteeming of the calling.  
7. We must know that the Gospel taketh not away the law of nature to defend ourselves by forcible means against violent enemies: yea with a good conscience may we take up arms when there is no safety but in arms. And what hindereth Princes and States to recover what is justly their own, if otherwise not to be gotten but by force of Arms?  
8. Hereto add the practice of all Christian Emperors, Kings, Princes, and States in all ages using upon just cause arms. Militare non est delictum, saith Saint Augustine, but abuse it: yea saith Ambrose, a work it is of righteousness when the cause is just. Therefore from all these sayings and former reasons we may conclude war, if not abused, to be lawful.   

iv CHAPTER. Of a right soldiers Honourarable calling and employment.  
A Right soldier in his vocation: well qualified, and behaving himself worthily like a true soldier indeed, liveth in a course of life worthy Honour, and his employment in warlike affairs is very honourable: for,  
1. God himself is pleased to carry the name of a soldier; God is a man of War, saith Moses; and 
Gen. 15. 3. Ios. 5. 14, 15.  the Son of God professed himself to be a Captain of the Lords host; Now titles which great personages bear, graceth much that calling which these titles imply though formerly that vocation had been never so mean and base in esteem.  
2. The most renowned in holy Writ, and in humane stories have attained to great fame and glory by their valiant Acts and ●eats of arms; as we may see in josua, in Gideon, Ehud, Baruc, Samson, David, and his Warriors. What speeches are there of the Nine worthies, whereof josua, David, judas Machabeus are three▪ is it not all for their valour and victories in battle? By wars the fame and memory of julius Caesar, of great Alexander, of Pyrrhus, of Themistocles, of Scipio, and Hannibal, of Scanderbag, of Charles the fift remain immortal, with innumerable other both in profane and divine story.  
3. Whence came all those so greatly affected titles now in the world? rose they not from valour, prowess, military ●●ployments and exercise of Arms? whence came Esquire, but by being Armiger of bearing weapons of war, an armor-bearer. Whence came a Knight of old? not by scraping of wealth, and buying the title, but by being Miles a soldier: whence a Noble man Eques? but from a generous spirit and being a man at arms. The title of an Earl Comes was a Lieutenant or Provost Martial. A Duke, Dux came of leading a Company, a chief captain in the field: yea whence came the highest name of dignity the name of Imperator Emperor, but from honour in the field bestowed upon him that knew how to rule and command an host of men? And if I may guess at the name of our yeomen in Latin valecti, what were they but stout men ob valorem electi, chose for their valour and courage to do their country service.  
4. Solomon the wisest King that ever 
2 Ch. 8, 9  was, held such as were men of war, to be more honourable then to be employed in servile work, such as he employed strangers in, and the people of Canaan the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hevites, & jebusites. These accursed and base people were not worthy to be men of war, the function was too honourable for for them, as it is for to many admitted now into it, more fit for Stocks, Bridewell, Gaol, Galleys, or the very Gallows, then to be enroled among the honourable, and men truly worthy the name of soldiers, if the wotth of a true soldier were well weighed.  
5. In old times the best in Nations, as Kings, Princes, Nobles, were men of war: the best in stature, the properest and tallest men, as the three 
1. Sam. 14. 52.  sons of Ishai; the best that surpassed other in excellencies, in courage, valour and strength, such as Saul chose, were commonly men of war.  
6. By the profession of arms many have attained from mean conditions, to great honour; David from a shepherd to be a King of Israel, was not jephte base of birth yet by valour became a judge in Israel? Isicrates the Athenian who was Lieutenant to Artaxerxes was he not a Cobbler's son? Eumenes' one of Alexander's Captains was a Carters son, Servius Tullius, who triumphed three times, was the son of a poor servant, whence he was called Servius. Dioclesian though a bloody persecutor of Christians, yet a valiant man, who obtained the Empire by his prowess and valour, and yet but a Scrivener's son. Nicholas Pi●hinnino the great Captain and Commander of the Armies of the Potentates in Italy was but a butcher's son, Ochiali of a poor Mariner for his valiant service, became Admiral of the Turks Navy, and one of his Counsel. It were too long to relate the number that have risen and have become renowned by wars.  
7. The famou●est Nations of the world, the Romans, who subdued Kingdoms, never held any profession worthy so great honour, nor ever rewarded any so much as they did, valiant men, generous-spirits, noble courages, adventuring their lives, & obtaining thereby praises to themselves & glory to their Nation, as their histories do show.  
That Calling must needs be honourable which requireth so many honourable parts and praiseworthy endowments requisite to make a man deserving to be admitted into military profession, as to be a man of understanding, of sharp and quick apprehension; of a stout and undaunted courage, and yet not foolhardy but prudent and patiented; of an able body, yet no lubber of a luskish and sluggish Disposition, but nimble and lively, to execute designments, and crowning all this with true religion and zeal towards God, with a loyal and faithful heart to his King and Country.  
9 For the honour of this profession, how great volumes are written of men of wars, their valiant deeds & memorable acts have caused them to be registered to all posterities; by the pen of the learned, which cannot be read, but with both great delight, and great profit, even to make valorous and courageous spirits emulous of their fame and glory.  
Lastly, what profession procured more honour to people and Nations, than men of war have done? How famous was Greece for her Achilles, Diomedes, Themistocles, Pericles, and others? what praises everlasting did Epirus that little Country obtain by her peerless Pyrrhus, and that terror to the Turks Scanderbag? Remaineth not Macedonia alive by her great Alexander, Troy, by her valiant Hector, Rome, by Caesar, Pompey, Scipio's Horatij, Fabii, and the rest: Lacedaemon by Simon and Leonidas, Carthage by her Hannibal, and so other places by their valiant worthies, well exercised and experienced Cheiftaines? And in a word who is more worthily honoured in the hearts of all virtuous men, than a man of courage, so be it he be otherwise well qualified, that by some base condition he wrong not himself, which true generosity of spirit will utterly disdain to do.   

V CHAPTER. Of the just causes and true grounds of making war.  
AS we see the undertaking of war to be lawful and honourable, so must it be ever therein understood that it also be just; for the cause as it is either good or evil, so is the war, so may the issue be thereafter expected. The wars undertaken of the Israelites by warrant from God prospered: True it is, that  wars sometime may have good success, for the iniquity of the people against whom they are undertaken: and therefore by the event, the justice of the war is not to be ever judged; but by the just cause thereof. Now in ancient times wars defensive and offensive have been made upon these grounds.  
I. A war just, by reason, by the instinct of nature, and by custom of all Nations, and by religion itself, is that which is undertaken in defence of our Country, religion, liberty and state.  
God alloweth to go to war against an enemy coming upon us; upon this ground was the wars of 
Num. 10. 9 Exod. 17. judg. 6. & 11. 1 Sam. 14. 47, 48. 2 Ch. 14. 1 K. 20.  josua against the Amalekites, of Gideon against the Midianites, of jephte against the Ammonites; of Saul against the Philistims and others spoiling them, of Asa against Zerah the Ethiopian, of Ahab against Benhadad the Syrian, of the Romans against Hannibal, and of the ancient Britons, here against the Romans, Saxons, Danes, and Normans. A Heathen could say, lustum est bellum, & pia arma, 
●iv. 9  quia nulla nisi in armis relinquitur salu●: It is both just and godly, when otherwise we cannot live safely.  
II. It is just war to bring under such as rebel, having formerly yielded subjection; upon this ground went Chedorlaomer with the aid of 
Gen. 14. 2 K. 3. 2 Ch. 25. 2 K. 24. 20. Eze. 17. 15 2 K. 17. 3, 4. 2 Sam. 18. & 20.  other Kings against the King of Sodom, and the rest; so Iehoram against Moab, Amazias against the Edomites; Nabuchadnezzar against Zedekias, whom he had made King, and taken an oath of; Salmaneser against Hoshea, which conspired against him. Thus Kings justly make war against Native Rebels, as David did against Absalon, and against Bichri.  
III. It is just war to help friends, Allies and Associates unjustly oppressed and wronged. Upon this ground Abraham armed himself, and set upon the four Kings to recover Lot, whom they had carried away 
Gen. 14. 1 Sa. 23. 3. & 11. Ios. 10. 6, 7  Captive: David rescued Keylah from the Philistims, Saul jabesh Gilead from the Ammonites; and josua the Gibeonites from the Amorites, judas and Simon 
1 Mach. 5. 10. 17. lib. de Offic. Bell. Gal. 7.  his brother helped the other distressed jews. The Romans made war against the Samnites in the defence of the Campanians, who had put themselves under their protection: This St. Ambrose saith is justice: Caesar 
Ibucid. 1.  gave secure to his friends in Gergovia; for neglect hereof was held a kind of treason, and it was just cause of reproach to forsake friends, Confederates, and such as should be holden in their distress: God willeth 
Pro. 24. 11  us to see to this, alloweth of it, commanding us to help in such a case.  
iv It is lawful, (if otherwise peaceably it cannot be obtained) to make war for passage of an army; to get it by the sword, if passage be hindered. This made Israel to fight with Sihon King of the Amorites, and 
Deut. 2. 26. 30. Num. 21. 23. 24. 33. Deut. 29. 7 jud. 11. 30.  Ogg the King of Basan, for that they hindered their way to Canaan. This was the cause of the war by Necho against josias, because he rashly went out against him, going against him, going against another Enemy the King of Assyria. For this thing judas 
1 Mach. 5. 48. 51.  destroyed the City Ephron, and the Inhabitants thereof, because they could not be entreated to give him and his host passage peaceably, but stopped up his way.  
V It was lawful to the Israelites 
Num 25. 1 17, 18 & 31. 1. 3.  for religion sake to avenge the Lord upon Idolaters, which by wiles and enticements corrupted the people of God. This is warranted by the Lord; upon this ground Israel sent an army against the Midianites, josua and all the Elders held it lawful upon such a supposed ground, (had it been true) to make war against the two Tribes 
Ios. 22. 12. 33. judges 20.  and half. Also the Chief in a State consenting to punish notorious, offenders, if they cannot get such delivered peaceably, by war may set upon their maintainers, as Israel did upon the obstinate Beniamites.  
VI Indignities unjustly offered unto Ambassadors, or messengers sent from one state to an other is just cause of war, for this did David set upon the Ammonites, & handled them 
● Sam. 10. & 12. 30, 31. Liv. 4. Florus Caes. come. Phil. Comm.  with great severity. This wrong the Romans revenged upon the Fidenians, Illirians, V●ians, and Armoricaus. Charles Duke of Burgundy put all the Castle of Nele to the sword to the 
See Dr. Sutcliffe his practice of the law of Arms.  sword for killing his messenger. For Ambassadors or Messengers are privileged by the Laws of all Nations and suffered to pass safe among the points of weapons.  
VII. Reproaches offered and injuries done to principal men in a State is just cause of war: This caused the war between jeptah and 
judg. 12. 4.  Ephramites, who called the Gileadites fugitives, whereof jeptah was the head; The taking away of Sampsons' wife, being a judge in Israel made him seek revenge upon the Philistims. The Rhodians abusing the Romans with insolent terms when they took part with Perseus cost them dear: Frederick Barbarossa besieged and took Milan for a scorn offered to him. Gideon for that he was contemned 
judge 8.  & slighted of the Elders of Succoth and Penuel after his victorious return did fall upon them. For high authority is sacred, and the injury, reproach or contempt offered thereto, is not to pass unpunished.  
VIII. Upon the injuries and wrongs unjustly offered and spoil made and subjects carried away, Princes and States have cause, by war to get satisfaction and recover their right, if otherwise they cannot be righted: This was David's war with the Amalekites to regain from them their wives, children, & goods carried 
1 Sam. 30. 1 Sam. 23. 1, 2, 5.  away, and with the Philistims robbing the threshing floors. The Romans with sharp wars prosecuted Mithridates, for that by one general proclamation he had caused diverse of their people to be massacred: They also warred upon the Sabins for spoiling the Roman Merchants. This was the cause of the Romans third war with the Carthaginians; also with the Hetruscians, and other neighbours: for injuries done to subjects: redoundeth to the Prince, which he is to right and to cause restitution to be made; which if reasonably offered, is not to be refused.  
IX. Breach of Covenant and promise hath been cause of war. Upon 
1 K. 22. 3. & 21 34.  this, did Ahab war upon the King of Syria to recover Ramath in Gilead, which Benhadad had promised before to restore to him: for this cause the Romans began their wars 
Liv. 42.  with Perseus the King of Macedonia.  
X. To get peaceable possession of a Crown justly claimed; as David did the Kingdom of Israel; therefore he warred against Ishbosheth and 
2 Sam. 2. 8 10. & 3. 1.  the house of Saul.  
XI. To revenge old injuries offered by predecessors, the same being continued in their posterities; upon this was the war performed by Saul, and commanded by God against 
Exo. 17. 8. 1 Sa. 15. 3. Deut 25. 17, 18, 19  the Amalekites, for the evil they did to the Children of Israel coming out of Egypt. And lest this might seem to be something hard unto the present generation against whom Saul was sent, we must know, that the Amalekites continued Enemies to God's people, the Children living in the steps of their forefathers from josua to the days of the judges, and to the days of Saul; yea Agag whom Saul took prisoner had made many a child fatherless, (no doubt of Israel) else old Samuel 
judg. 3. 13 & 6. 3. & 7. 12. & 10. 12. 1 Sam. 30. 1.  would not have so laid to his charge nor so revenged it upon him, as he did. They were ever taking part with the Enemies of Israel, as all the cited places in the margin show. Now to take part with an enemy is just cause of war: upon this the Romans warred against Philip of Macedonia, for that he aided the Carthaginians, and joined league with Hannibal against 
2 Sam. 8. 3  them.  
XII. David made war upon Hadadezer 
1 Ch. 18. 3  King of Zobah, (and some think justly) being jealous of his greatness, coming with a great Army to establish his Dominion and to border so near upon him, as at the River Euphrates. It is wisdom for Princes to look unto the dangerous attempts of high and aspiring spirits, over much seeking to enlarge their power and Dominions.  
Lastly, wars have been justly made by Israel God's people, at God's command, to subdue Nations, and to possess their Kingdoms as they did the Kingdoms of Canaan, and inherited them. Thus also warred Nabuchadnezzar the Babylonian, Cyrus the Persian, Alexander the Grecian, and afterwards the Romans to subdue people under them, and they undertook it, and prospered: but whether they had, all of them, and in all those wars, that immediate divine warrant, and did it lawfully, I dare not affirm: and therefore much less let any aspiring spirits now take liberty to do so.  
1. The Israelites had a word of 
Deut. 2. 24. Ios. 14. 6. Gen. 15. 18. 21.  Command from God to subdue Sihon the Amorite, Ogg of Basan, and all the Kingdoms of Canaan, and a word of encouragement to have aid, to get them, as they had before a word of promise to inherit the Country.  
2. Concerning Nabuchadnezzar and Cyrus, to them was Gods will revealed, and they were foretold of their success to set them forward to the subduing of people, and to bring them under their Command; It was 
Dan. 2. 28. 31. 43.  foretold Nabuchadnezzar in a dream and expounded by Daniel to him: and 
Dan. 4. 19  confirmid by jeremy the Prophet to the jews in judea, and by Ezechiel in Babylon: whose words came no doubt to the ears of Nabuch: to whom God had given all Kingdoms, people, Nations and tongues. Cyrus' the Persian 
Esai 44. 28. & 45. 1. Esdr. 1. 2.  was by name foretold hundreds of years before he was borne, of his rising, rule, and Dominion, of which he had gotten knowledge, and ascribed his success to be from the Lord God of heaven. This knowledge the 
2 Ch. 36. 23.  might have from Daniel who lived in Babylon, when Darius and Cyrus reigned that subdued the Babylonians. How Alexander the Grecian Emperor, and the Roman knew of their power and Dominion assigned to them of God, is not so plainly recorded in holy: but it may be, that daniel's prophecy, and his interpretation of Nabuchadnezzars dream, might go abroad, and become known either by the writing itself, or by relation and tradition from one to another: or they might have it from the Oracles of their own imagined Gods, but indeed devils, who well knew the Oracles of the true God, and so told the Grecians and Romans such things, as from themselves, promising to them victories, and dominion over Nations, which the Scriptures of the Prophets had foretold should surely come to pass. Now they finding success according to the voice of those counterfeiting Oracles, they ascribed all to the power and gift of 
jud. 11. 24  those, Idol gods and Devils: and so Ireld it lawful to hold those Kingdoms which they could subdue, as t 〈…〉 a then did imagine, as appeareth by the speech of jepthah to the King of the Ammonites.  
Thus we see upon what grounds wars in ancient times have been made to make them lawful & just; which is the first thing to be considered o●. For as the cause is good or bad, so may we expect the issue: howsoever a good cause will encourage to battle, let the event be, as shall please God.  
Unjust wars do work the Author's confusion very often; as may be seen in the unjust war of Amaleck against Israel, of Sihon and 
Exo. 17. 1 K 20. 2 am. 10. 16. 17, 18. 2 Ch. 14. jud. 20. Ios. 7. & 8  Og without cause, coming out against them, of Benhadad his war against Ahab, of the Syrians against David, of Zerah with his ten hundred thousand against Asa; True iris, that just causes have sometime an evil event, for the sins of the people; and sometimes the unjust may prevail, as Benjamin & Gileah, in two battles against Israel, for their greater ruin at the length, as it happened to these Beniamites, and to the Inhabitants of Ai, and Bethel, though before they had made Israel fly before them.   

VI CHAPTER. Of necessary Wars.  
IT's not enough to look only to the justice of the cause in making war; but also it is to 
Ps. 68 30. & 140. 2. & 120. 7.  be considered how necessary and convenient it may be. The evils of war should make men not to be hasty to go to war: It's an evil quality to delight in war; against such David speaketh and desires God to scatter them, as being 
Leu. 26. 25. Reu. 20. 8, 9, & 16, 14  evil men and violent, especially when they make themselves ready to battle against such as be for p●ace. The sword is threatened as a punishment, and to shed, blood is the Devil's delight, he it is that seduceth the Nations to make war, and he sendeth out the unclean spirits, like croaking frogs to gather Kings to battle.  
Besides these considerations, the calamities and miseries of wars are unutterable, who can recount them? Lusts of unruly Soldier's reign, without respect of friends, or foes, many times. The battle of the warrior (saith Esa) is with confused 
Esa 9 5. & 14. 17. & 13. 16. 18.  noise, and garment rolled in blood; and he telleth the people that the sword hath made the world a wilderness and destroyed Cities; yea children have been dashed to pieces, houses spoilt, Temples rob, 
Lam. 1. & 2. & 3 & 4. & 5.  strong men slain, and women ravished, and cruelty committed without pity. The woeful effects of war are lively set out in jeremies' Lamentation, and in the book of the wars of the jews in the last destruction of jerusalem, who can read either book without tears, except their hearts be of Adamant?  
Yet a just war, if also necessary, forcing to take arms against an infesting Enemy, is to be preferred before an unjust peace. That which hath been uttered concerning the evil of war is not to dishearten valorous hearts, nor to abate the courage of the valiant, who know that true fortitude is only seen in perils, and borne patiently without daunt of spirit: but it is only spoken to prevent rash war, for Duloe bellum inexpertis; as also to advice such to consider in whose power it is to make war, that just causes of war be not pretended only, and ambition, desire of Sovereignty, and other motives finister be indeed the causes thereof.  
Offensive war upon just and necessary grounds is lawful both from command from God, and the practices of just Princes, as we may observe in Divine and humane stories: But Defensive war, magis est iuris naturae & politici officij: yea and better becometh the people of the Prince of peace; and indeed, the wars foretold in the Revelation, which the Church shall have with the beast, the Dragon, the whore, the false Prophet, and with God and Magog are altogether 
Note this.  defensive. For it's ever said (a point worthy observation) that the beast made war, the Dragon went out and warred, the spirits of devils went out to gather armies to battle; the beast, the whore, and ten Kings made war with the Lamb; 
Reu. 〈◊〉, 7. & ●2. 17. & 137▪ & 16. 14. & 17. 14. & 19 19 & 20. 8, 9  Gog and Magog gather together against the Saints, So that the offensive war is on the enemy's side, and the Defensive war is altogether on Christ and his Church's part, by which yet they shall overcome: would God this were considered of; if the Enemy begin, let us stand for our Religion and lives with courage, Christ will take our parts and give us a glortous victory in the end. The Lord hath spoken it; if we believe his Prophets, we shall prosper; and he that believeth maketh not haste, if we ●ake a right course, let us stand still, not fear, fight valiantly the Lords battles, for and in the cause of Religion, seeking to avenge the Lord on those Romish Midianites, and behold then the salvation of the Lord, which he will show unto ●s ●n his appointed good time, even so, Amen.   

The VII. CHAP. Of the chief authority moving to war; and of Kings going out with their Hosts, very usual in ancient ages, but yet ever arbitrary.  
Upon mature deliberation, and well advised judgement, the justice of war being approved, as also that the same is necessary (lest men embroil themselves in needless use of the sword, to their own ruin) then is to be considered in the next place by what authority this war is to be undertaken; for a necessary and just war doth not warrant every one upon their own heads to make war, though they be able to gather a power together; but the first mover thereto must be the supreme authority in the State, whether it be Monarchical, Aristocratical, or any of the rest, by which the people of that stare is governed.  
The wars which God allowed, and so just, which he also commanded, 
Exo. 17. 8. Num. 31.  and so necessary were made ever under, and by the authority of such as he set over his people. Thus the war against Amalek was commanded by Moses; so was that against Midian; in like manner Israel warred under the command of josua, after under the judges, and then under Kings, as under Saul, David, and the rest, who did in their own persons go into the wars.  
And this same was usual in all former ages, even from the beginning of wars mentioned in holy writ, that Kings themselves went out to 
●●o. 14. 2 Ch. 12. & 35. 20. 1 Kin. 20.  war, as the four Kings against the five in Gen. 14. Pharaoh in his own person pursued Israel, Shishak King of Egypt came with his host against judah, and so Pharaoh Nech● went forth with his own forces, Benhadad the Syrian came himself, and with him thirty two Kings into the field.  
All the Canaanitish Kings came 
josua 10. Num 21.  themselves with their hosts, so the two mighty Kings Sihon King of the Amorites, and Ogg the King of Basan. And thus did all the Kings of Israel and judah: Saul went into the field continually; David was often there in person; so was jeroboam, Rehoboam, Abiiam, Asa, jehosophat, Amaziah, and the rest; yea by the appointment of God some were appointed to order the battle themselves, as was Ahab against Benhadad's host; This was the custom of great Monarch's subduing the world to go out in person; as may appear in Salmanezer, and Senacherib the Assyrian 
1. K. 20. 14 2 K. 18. ●. ●3.  Kings in Nabuchadnezzar the Babylonian, in Alexander the Macedonian, 
2 Ch. 36. 6. Ier, 39 5.  in Cyrus, Darius, Zerxes, the Persians, in julius Caesar, and other Roman Emperors▪ in Tamburlaine the Tartar, and Baiezet the Grandsiegneour; in Charles the great, Emperor of Germany. This made Princes famous, their wars to be maintained, the battles to be fought with more courage even to the utmost; and so a more speedy dispatch one way or other to make some end, and to bring peace, the good and blessed conclusion of all just wars.  
Though it seemed expedient unto Kings in those days to go in person with their Armies; yet no doubt care was had of their safeties, that they should not be suffered to expose themselves rashly into the battle, 
1 K. 22. 3● 2 Ch. 35. 22. 2 Sam. 21 17. 1 Sam. 26. 16.  as Ahab did, and josias, which cost them both their lives; For the valiant Captains would expose themselves▪ desperately when they saw their Kings in danger, as Abishai did, who rescued David with great hazard to save his life from the st●oke of Ishbi-benob the Gyn●▪ He are upon it was, that David held Abn●r and 
2 Sam. 18. 3.  others about Saul worthy of death, because they had not kept more safely the King. Faithful Subjects esteem the life of a good King, more worth than ten thousand of themselves; Princes may be in the field, 
2 Sam. 21. 17.  but it's not necessary to go into the battle, lest (as David's servants said of him) the light be quenched, and 
1 K. 22.  the people be scattered, as upon Ahabs' death.  
Whether they go forth, or stay at home (which is free unto them, and may be done according to their own pleasure) yet is this sovereign authority that which must first move to make war; People may not if they would gather together to war against an open enemy of their own heads, for God hath punished such attempts as may be seen in the presumptuous Israelites arming themselves 
Num. 14. 40. 44, 45. Deut. 1. 1. Mach. 5. 56. 60. 61. 67●  without command from authority, and were overthrown by the enemy. Such was the attempt of one joseph and Azarias, who in a vainglory to get a name, would gather troops to fight against the Heathen, and obeyed not I●das Machabeus; and therefore were overthrown: and so were certain Priests slain●, upon such a vain undertaking. Among the Romans those that thus offended, by their laws were in case of treason. People must 
F. ad L. ●ub. maitst. & L. vine C. ut arm●rum usus.  therefore have warrant; for otherwise even to spoil or kill an enemy is theft, and murder; and the battle on their parr no better than a field of blood; and their doings, but disorder and confusion; except it be to repress a sudden rising of Rebels, or to withstand a violent and sudden coming in of an open enemy. Otherwise none are to be accounted public enemies in war, but those whom public authority so declareth to be: yea, and if any rise up in rebellion, if authority know it, the Captains are to await for command, before they gather power against such rebels: as may be manifest in Abishai and the rest, who moved not the rebellion of Bichri, 
2 Sam. 20. 14. 6, 7.  till David, who knew it, gave command to follow him: But when men have such warrant, then let them obey readily, and be as serviccable to 
Ios. 1. 16.  to their Leaders, as the Israelites promised to be to Ios●a▪   

VIII. CHAPTER. Of Presse-men, and Voluntaries.  
OF such as go to war, there are two sorts; such as be commanded, and such as offer themselves. The former we call pressed; 
Deut. 33. 5  who without enforcement would not go, Moses was as King in Israel; and he waited not for Voluntaries, but commanded josua to choose out of every Tribe a thousand, to make an Host of twelve thousand to go against Midian. Saul threatened revenge upon those that would not come forth to war at his command; 
1 Sam. 21. 6, 7.  and God did aid his authority by striking the people with fear of him. That authority was in David to assemble and gather a power of his Subjects for war; without which command Princes 
2 Sam. 20. 4  could not have waged battles so, as they then did. And the Lords command to Officers to give some leave to departed, argueth their power otherwise, to have retained them.  
The other sort are termed Voluntaries, 
Deu. 20. 5.  which are either Natives or Foreigners. That men may offer themselves to the wars, and enter into the profession of a soldier, it's not to be doubted. ehud's soldiers were all Voluntaries at the sound of a Trumpet, So were the three sons of 
jud. 3. 27. & 5. 2.  jesse, and such were David's worthies which came and offered themselves▪ and so was Ittai the Gittite. Again, Deborah the Prophetess praiseth the Voluntaries which came to help Baruk▪ beside she complaineth of such 
1 Sam▪ 17. 13.  as following their ow●e private business neglected the warns▪ and withal cursed Meroz for▪ not coming to 
jud. 5. 14, 15, 18.  help the Lord.  
Moreover, that which may be lawful by pressing and compulsion, may as well be lawful for Voluntaries, if there be not very just cause or impediment to hinder these. It is the judgement of Churches reform beyond the Sea; among whom some are trained up for war, to go as Voluntaries. We know that Princes do help their associates voluntarily, what hindereth, but that others in their due place, and within their power may also freely offer themselves? A lawful calling may be as well undergone freely, as by compulsion circumstances and other considerations well weighed aforehand. And to conclude this, how should Princes and States do, that have not power to press, if Voluntaries might not in good conscience offer themselves.  
But here Voluntaries must know, and be resolved of some things.  
1. Of the calling of a soldier, that it is lawful, and that a man may therein live, and as well receive wages▪ as men do for discharge of their duties in any other lawful vocation. Be content (saith john Baptist) with 
Luk. 3. 14.  your wages, speaking to soldiers; therefore may they serve for wages.  
2. Of the justice and lawfulness of the war into which he thrusts himself, seeing he goeth not by command of supreme authority, for this is another case, when men go not of their own pleasure and will; but when any so doth, if the war be just, a man may serve with a good conscience of his own accord: but if it be apparently unjust, let men beware that they imbrue not their hands in blood, going Voluntaries. If Prince's command, the case is altered, for private persons may not sit and judge of Prince's actions, not notoriously unjust as it was when Christian soldiers would not draw their swords against Christians under julian the Apostate; though they served him willingly against others. saul's servants would not fall upon the innocent Priests of the Lord to 
Liv. 12. contra Faust. man▪ ca 7.  slay them. But where the fact, as in such cases, is not notorious, a good man (saith Saint Augustine) may serve under a sacrilegious Prince: for the unjust command shall bind the Prince, when the duty of obedience shall make the soldier free.  
3. They must consider of what religion those be, that do make the war, and whom they go to serve under: for jehosophat wa● in danger of his life, and reproved by a Prophet of God for helping Ahab an Idolater, who was an hater of God as all Idolaters be, though they themselves think better of themselves.  
4. They must have the leave of such as have sovereign authority over them; for a subject to one, cannot dispose of his own person to 
2. Ch. 19 2  to the service of an other Prince without leave: but he may put himself voluntarily into the service of his own Sovereign, whose subject he is.  
5. Voluntaries are to weigh with themselves what special impediments they have to withhold from going, in respect of some particular calling, requiring their own person for discharge of the duties thereof: or some charge of a family, wife and children depending upon their personal being necessarily among them; or whether apparently their being at home may do more good to their country, than their service in war.  
6. Their end must be good, Pro lege & grege Christi, as one saith, for defence of religion; & of the Church of God, for relieving the unjustly oppressed; for maintenance of right, and such like, and withal to learn● experience for the good of their country, but not to run in unadvisedly, out of male contentedness, nor of an idle humour, nor of foolish vainglory, nor of a bloody disposition, nor of a base mind for prey and booty; but as a man of valour, for more praiseworthy and better ends.  
Lastly, that Voluntaries put themselves under the command of authority to do service, and to be subject to rule and discipline, observing order, keeping their places; from which they may not in certain cases depart without leave of such Commanders as they have submitted themselves unto. For though they enter voluntarily; yet being under authority, they may not think themselves then free at all times to departed at their pleasure: For if they should, upon necessary service, such wandering stars would fall of and such stragglers would utterly fail the expectation of their Commanders.  
Thus with these considerations▪ men may be Voluntaries, and put themselves into military service and authority may admit of them as David did of Vriah, of Ittai the Gittite, with his followers▪ And as others have done, as histories▪ show. But here yet the General and others with him must be cautelous, and weigh what voluntaries they entertain.  
I. Beware of such as fly from the Enemy▪ let them be tried before they be trusted: for we may read in stories, that such sometimes have been sent of the Enemy ●o do mischief. Two Spaniards feigned themselves fugitives 
●●i●●iard.  to the Venetians with a purpose to kill Alvian their General. So 
History of Scanderbag  did certain Turks with an intent to kill Scanderbag. The Munidians which seemed to forsake Han●ibal, and to fall to the Romans in the battle of Canna, were a great help to Hannibal to get the victory in turning against the Romans upon a sudden: This wisdom was in the Philistims 
1. Ch. 12. 19  going to battle against Saul, they would not admit of David and his company.  
II. Not to go too far in admitting of friends and associates; but only to entertain so many as the Natives and natural subjects are able to command and overrule; lest they take advantage of the Natives fewness, and have them in contempt; and trusting to themselves, make good their own secret designments and revolt from them, as the Gauls did from the Romans, because they saw no strength in the Roman Army, 
T● cit. 3.  but that which was of strangers.  
III. Never to hire, or receive any of a contrary religion, Amaziah the 
2. Ch. 25.  king of judah was reproved for hiring of Idolaters the Israelites to go with him against Edom, whom he was commanded to cashier, for God is not with such as the Lord by his Prophet told him.  
Before I end this chapter, it may 
A quest.  be here asked, whether going into wars may spoil the people of that State against whom they go to war, seeing many thousands of the people and families there live harmelesly at home, and desire to be there in peace and so forth? I answer; in a just and 
Num. 21. 24, 25, & 31. 10, 11.  necessary war the conquered are in the hands of the Conquerors, lands and goods are then at their disposition, whatsoever they have taken or won is justly theirs. God allowed Israel to take what they did wi●●●n then just wars; therefore 
2 Sam. ●. 11, 12.  they possessed the kingdom of Si●●n, and of Ogg; they took the Midianites P●●oners, carried away infispoyle, and burned their towns and Cities with f●re. David spoiled the Nations which he subdued. It is accounted by the law of Nations a lawful 
Lib. de Offi● 3.  purchase and the practice of all people in time of war. For nothing is proper by nature, but either by ancient possession or seisme, or victory, saith the Heathen Orator; The Enemy, & that State can no otherwise be weakened, but first in their Subjects; the hands of all which, though they be not in war, yet are they in heart and in contributing: but if not, nevertheless, they are one body, and therefore must be content to suffer together till their Head make peace, and satisfy for that, which the justice of the war doth require, and for which it was begun. But if any be, 
1. Sam. 15, 6.  as were the Kenites among the Amalakites consideration is to be had of them, as Saul had of these for their preservation and safety.   

IX. CHAPTER. Of mustering, and the choice of soldiers.  
WHen a war is resolved upon as both just, and necessary than must soldiers be levied, a muster and view made of them and their armer.  
The Kings in Israel were sometimes 
1 Sam. 1▪ 4. Num. 1. 19 & 3, 4, 2.  at the muster. Saul gathered his soldiers together and numbered them. So did David, 2. Sam. 18. 1. So Moses, numbered Israel.  
And there was a principal Scribe 
jer. 52. 25.  of the host which mustered the people of the land: for which mustering, there was a command went forth to levy men and to call them together, as Saul did; and as David appointed 
1 Sa. 11. 7 2 Sa. 20. 5. Esai. 13. 4.  Amasa to do: to this custom God alludeth in his word when he mustered his host.  
In this, they considered of the number, which were to go into the wars, sometimes more, sometimes fewer; Moses appointed but 12000 to go against 
Num. 31. 1 Sa. 11. 8. & 15 4. 1 Sa. 18. 1. with cap. 17. 24. 1 K 20. 15. 2 K. 3, 6. 2 Ch. 25 5 2 K. 20. 25, 26.  Midian: whatsoever the number was, the custom was to number them: as Saul did his in Bezek, and in Telaim; David in Mahanaim, Ahab in Samaria; jehoram he numbered his, and Amaziah his Army: and thus did also the Heathen.  
Now in sending forth an Army, great care must be had, what sorts of persons are to be sent forth.  
I. Let them be Natives and subjects living under that sovereign authority that sends them our, though they be of several countries, yet subject to the same power, and it were well that they had something to take to at home, or friends of whom they expect good. For these soldiers are bound by the bond of nature to their King, kindred, and Country. These are easy to be corrected, if they should happen to run away. These will therefore be awed in the field, and for fear to be punished at home, become more obedient, endure more constant, be more loyal, even when they feel want of necessaries, and have short pay, than any other will do, not subjects, or having nothing, or no friends that they care for; Israel's hosts were of Israel, and when the Tribes were divided into two kingdoms, either State furnished themselves of their own subjects most usually, as may be seen in their battles.  
II. Consider their years; such as the Lord held fit for war, were in Israel 20. years old and upward; 
Num: 1. 20 & 22. 26. 2 2 Ch: 25. 5  and such did Amaziah take: for younger are hardly grown up to strength: and above 46. except some old and expert soldier for skill, are not to be admitted, because strength decayeth, as saith a learned experienenced soldier.  
3. Touching their bodies in Israel were chosen strong men, able to 
1 Sa. 14. 52 2 Ch. 17. 14. Deut. 20. 8 jud. 7. 3.  go to war, men also of valour and courage; so they must be stout and strong of a vigorous and courageous mind, not fearful; for such were put out of the host by God's appointment and this did also that valiant judas Machabeus; for the fearful the first 
1 Mach, 3. 56.  in rank of the damned crew, what good will they do, but fail in performance, 
Rev. 21. 8.  make others to be faint-hearted, and so give the victory to 
2 Sa. 2. 9 & 23, 24.  the enemy. Men of a sharp countenance, sinewy arms and legs, promise both strength and courage, and not the great lusks, fleshy lubbers, though Pyrrhus and Marius chose men of big and great statures. In Israel such as could run well, were commended, men swift of foot; active and nimble, as was Asahel joabs' brother, and one of David's worthiss; This was also a commendation in Achilles, and in Papirius, who was called for it, the Rinmer. In the 
Cursor.  Tribe of Gad were men for strength call men of might, for courage to 
1 Ch. 12. 8.  have had faces like Lions, and for footmanship, as swift as the Roes upon the mountains.  
iv For their skill in arms, raw and ignorant men are not to be put suddenly to service: for not a multitude, but art and exercise getteth the victory: for the ignorant soldiers may not only endanger himself, but his fellows too. Therefore 
Iud 20 16. 1 Ch. 1. 40 & 12 35. 1 Changed 12. 2 ver. 32, 33.  the soldiers in Israel were very expert men. In Benjamin were 700. choice men lefthanded, that is, such as were so skilful, that they durst with their left hands use their slings against their enemies, and were so excellently cunning, that they would cast stones at an hair breadth, and not miss. In Asher were choice and mighty men of valour apt for war 40000: In saul's time were many which could use both the right hand and the left in hurling of stones, and shooting arrows out of a bow. In Issachar were men of great understanding, knowing what ought to 
2 Ch. 12.  be done, whose Chieftains were 200. In Zabulon such as were expert in war, and could keep rank, 50000. In Dan expert men 28600. also in the three Tribes beyond jordan skilful men there were an hundred and twenty thousand. So they then brought no ignorant and raw soldiers into the field: Skill heartneth a soldier, and increaseth his courage, and striketh some fear into the enemy. A small number of skilful men, and experienced in arms, will easily rout multitudes of others, as histories and experience do tell us. The Romans by their exercised soldiers got so great and so main victories. Epaminondas by his exercised Thebans overthrew the Lacedæmonians 
Liv: 27. 21  at length; Hannibal at his coming into Italy at first, put to flight 35. thousand with a small company of old soldiers.  
V Besides all these, it is fit that soldiers should be religious, yea very requisite, because they expose themselves so to the danger of death, which none, but such as be religious can be prepared for. Besides, they may expect God's aid, they may fight with their hands, and pray with their hearts, by which means, that renowned Machabeus, 
2 Mach: 15 26, 27.  conquered Nicanor, and slew of his enemies 35. thousand. Let not the roaring boys, the Machavilian Atheists, the profane Esau's, the drunken sons of Bacchus, the blasphemous swearers, nor the filthy Adulterers laugh at this: for God requireth, 
2 Sa. 23. 3.  that all should fear him. Religion will make men valiant, never any in holy writ recorded for religious, but were indeed valiant, as Abraham, David, Asa, jehoidah the high Priest, josias the religious king, all valiant men. And how can they 
See Doct. Sut. Dea●e of Exet. his b of war. pag. 37, 38 moving the Army to be religious.  be otherwise but valiant, when they know that God is reconciled to them, death, if it come, will be to them advantage. These only have faith in God, and so will be courageous. Who can doubt that these will adventure life in the field for religion and a just cause, that dare willingly yield their bodies to be burnt for their faith and profession? They adventure their corporal life, but with assurance of a heavenly life after: Whereas all other, (be what they may be) hazard the damnation of their souls, with the death of their bodies; a desperate attempt in careless wretches; The religious of conscience will be obedient as Israel professed 
Ios. 1. 16, 17. Mat 8. 9  to be to josua, and are like the Centurion's servants going & coming at command, and not mutinous; they are of a quiet behaviour and temperate; not brablers not drunkards, nor quarrelsome. They will esteem of and love a worthy Captain according to his worth; who must be to them as a father, and 
2 Ch. 25. 13. See the reading in the mark  they to him as sons; for in Israel's language, they were called the sons of the band. Their prayers are of more force to prevail with God to take their parts, and to vanquish an Enemy than all other means beside Israel fought, but Moses did procure the victory by prayer.  
And lest any scoffing Ishmael should deride this care of the choice of religious men, as having no pattern of warlike Chieftains to follow. let them look to the mighty 
Exo, 15. 3.  man of war, the Lord of hosts, the king of Kings, and consider what manner of soldiers he did choose to fight his battles. The Commanders were religious, as joshua, the judges, Ehud, Gideon, jepthah, David, and others. His Armies mustered by the Lord, were called his sanctified ones, set apart by him to military employment; They were also mighty ones and strong, Esa. 13. 3. joel 2. 5. they 
joel 2. 7. 8, 9  were skilful to march, and did not break rank, keeping way and just distance, not thrusting one another they cared not for wounds, though the sword pierced them: they were such as were runners, quick and nimble in execution: and to conclude, they, rejoiced in the Lord's highness, and in his excellency, Such did the Lord muster and choose for his host.  
But it will be objected, that jepthtah had in his camp vain men: 
Iud 11. 1 Sa. 22. 2. & 30. 22.  There gathered to David men in distress, in debt, discontented persons, ●e● and wicked-men, and sons of Belial, who fought with courage, recovered their losses, and slew the Amalakites.  
It is very true: but these were some 
1 Ch: 12. 33.  only among the rest, the Commanders themselves, and other among them were well given. Again, they had such as pleased to come to them in their distresses; but they did not hire such as the bastard Abimelech 
Iudg: 9  did, who hired vain and light men, a company fit for such a Captain. Authority that may press, may find fit men for their service is a good cause, if they look to prosper, than sons of belial, Rogues, Loiterers, Pikars, Swearers, Drunkards, Bastard breeders, Gaole-birds, Scurf and Scum of a people, held unworthy to live among honest men, very Outcasts of parishes, not to be admitted indeed unto the honour of being a Soldier,  
But some will perhaps say, that of these Routs of outcasts some have proved very serviceable, also many unclean livers, profane swearers, whoremaster, and Cup-Captaines have showed great courage in war●s; And it's known, that Heathen men julius Caesar, Alexander, Hector, Achilles, Themistocles, Epaminondas, Pyrrhus, and infinite others have been valiant soldiers.  
First for these latter though Heathen, 
Xenophon in exp. Cyr. 2. Cicero de not Deo. Esai 47. 12, 13.  yet moral virtues have been commended in them, and according to their Pagan profession they were religious; ask counsel of their gods, without which they would not go to war, and they harkened to their Priests, Diviners, Soothsayers, Prognosticators, Astrologers, Chaldeans, and such as were Revealers (as they thought) of the will of their gods. For the rout of outcasts it may be some very few of many have been serviceable, but what have all the rest been? An Heathen could say, That of a Company riotous 
Clea●chus ●n Xenophon exped Cry 2  and disorderly there is no use. For the other that are held so valorous, true it is, that humane fortitude may be in an Abimelech, that murderer of his brethren, in an Abner, a joab, as it was in those forenamed renowned Heathen, yea, in other most lewd and vicious, and most profanely irreligious, there may be out of pride and ambition, out of a furious heat of heart, out of a resolved fool hardy desperateness, out of hope of spoil, out of a vain desire of getting honour, and out of some such like grounds▪ perhaps out of an inflamed spirit of the Battery, shown a kind of valour.  
But this is not Christian fortitude, such as was in David, and others accompanied ever with other laudable virtues. What desperate companions were the three seditious Captains in jerusalem and their followers, they prodigally shed the blood of one another, and like Lions fought with the Romans: but at length to their own utter confusion. And what becometh of these sorts of such seeming valorous men? what commonly is their end? How prosper they? to say no more of them but this, let experience speak.  
Happy were it, that Christian armies were gathered of religious, or at least of civil and morally honest men▪, that the commendations of them might be like Scipio Africanus 
Plutarch.  his Army, the meanest of whose soldiers seemed to be a grave Senator.  
The soldiers then, as they now be were of two sorts; Footmen and Horsemen. For horsemen in Isreel there were none in the days of josua, the judges, Saul (though he beset out like the Heathen Kings) nor in David's time, nor Solomon, to wit, horsemen for war, indeed there is mention of salomon's horsemen and Charrets for magnificence (as it seemeth) but not for war; as Absoloms' Charrets 
jer. 17 25. & 22. 4 Ios. 11. 6, 9 2 Sam. 8. 4  and Horsemen were, and others also. In josua his time they were commanded to hough the Heathens horses, and burn their Charrets with fire, and they did so; and in like manner did David afterwards, lest Israel should trust therein. Yet afterwards in jehosophats and Ahabs days we read of horses, which they had 
1 K: 22. 4. 2 K. 10. 2.  with them into the field; and in jehoazas his reign, mention is made of Chairets and horsemen a few; but of mustering or numbering of them, we read not at all.  
The Heathen Armies were ever very strong in horsemen and Charets, and also Charets of iron, Camels they brought with them for burden it may seem, and for their Kings to ride upon, which had chains of gold about their necks. They would bring in their host many horses, as 60000. 
Iudg: 8. 26 2 Ch. 12.  at a time; so did Shishake of Egypt; Sisera had 900. iron Charets. The 
1 Sa: 13. 5. 2 Sa: 10. 18  Philistims came against Israel with 30000 Charets, and 6000 horsemen; Zobah had 40000 horsemen, with many Charrets, their horses were not hackney jades, or mean cart-horses, but horses for war, and mighty 
Iud: 5. 22. job. 39 19-25.  tramping and prancing horses, neighing terribly, very strong, pawing with their feet, as full of fierceness and rage, and such as were trained up, not to fear the rattling quiver, the glittering spear, the sound of the trumpet, nor shout of an host of men; but durst go on in their strength to meet the armed men, and not to turn back from the sword: They had horses also that were very swift, and strong ones, whose snorting and 
jer. 4. 13. & 8. 16.  neighing might be heard a good way of, the sound whereof seemed to 
1 Mach. 1. 17. & 8. 3. 34. & 6. 30  make the earth to tremble. The Heathen brought also Elephants into their battles, so Antiochus trained such up for war: how they used them, read the 1. Mach. 6. 34 and 25.  
The chief Chariots and horsemen of Israel were Eliah and Elisha, 
2 K 2. 11. & 6. 17.  and the hosts of heaven: The Armies of Israel were commonly footmen, these they did muster, and choose to fight their battles, as is before declared.  
In this mustering and choice, due care should be had of public good without corruption; for the faithful choosing of fit men for the king and the country is a special service, a very weighty business, and of great importance. For Vegetius affirmeth, 
Lib. 1. cap. 7 dear milit.  that the strength of the Roman Army, and the foundation of their Empire was in the first choice and trial of their soldiers. They employed in this choice of men sit for war; men of knowledge, gravity and honesty; and those that of favour or covetousness corrupted the right order in musters were punished. For this, one Pedius Blaesus was with reproach put out of the Senat. They were by law forbidden, either to admit or dismiss a soldier for money. In Traian the 
Val. Max. lib. 6. ca 3.  Emperor's days, one that made his son unable to serve in the wars, was banished his country.   

CHAPTER. X. Of the Armies in old times, the view of them; and of the exercise before Soldiers go to War.  
IN the muster as the persons are to be well chosen, so must the arms be well looked to: what they be now, is well known to soldiers.  
The furniture for soldiers in old time recorded in the Bible for preservation 
Ez: 23, 24. 1 Sam: 17. 6, 7. 38. 2 Ch. 26. 14. Eze: 38. 4. 2 Ch. 14. 8  of their bodies were these; a Helmet, a Breastplate, a Coat of male, a Gorget, an Habergion, and Greaveses, and they had also for defence, Bubklers, Shields; and Targets.  
The weapons they used were, the sword, which was sometimes two-edged, girded to them with a girdle to their side, a Dagger upon the 
joel 3. 10. Iudg: 3. 16. 2 Sa: 20. 8. Iudg: 3 16 Psal: 45. 3 Cant: 3. 8. joel: 2. 10. Ezech: 39 9 Ier: 51. 42. joel: 2. 8. 2 Sa: 18. 14  thigh, as was sometime a short sword. Also they had Spears, Lances, Handstaves, Battleaxes, Darts, Slings, to sling stones in, in which some were so cunning, as they could use either hand, and strike at an hair breadth. They had their bows and arrows which did them great service as in former times Archers have done with us, and by whom this Nation▪ hath been famous; of the commendation of Archery, let any that please, read certain diseourses of one Sir JOHN SMITH Knight. They had in 
Zach: 9 15 Ier: 50 42. Iudg: 20. 16.  stead of Cannons, Battering ramms and Engines cunningly invented to shoot Arrows and very great stones.  
The Arms must be viewed, 
1 Ch: 12. 2: pag. 20. 26 Eze: 4. 2. & 21, 22. 2 Ch: 26. 14. 1 ●am: 17. 39  both for goodness, that there be no defect therein, and also for fitness, serviceable for the time, and convenient for those that are to use them: for a saul's armour will not fit a David.  
Arms good and fit must be 
Eze: 21. 9, 10. Naum 3. 3. Ier: 51. 11.  well kept, the sword must be bright and sharp: so must the Arrows, the Spear heads are to glister. For he is surely a baseminded Soldier, that is a Sloven in his Arms. The Heathen 
Liv: 26.  taken care of this. Scipio Africanus commanded his Soldiers to have their Arms clean and fit; so did the Emperor Aurelius give a charge for this, that the Arms of his soldiers should be kept clean and bright.  
Now having fit men, fit and 
Gen: 14. 14 Liv: 26. & 29. & 23. & 34.  good Arms, before such yet do go into the field they must be trained up, so was Abraham's servants, he armed his trained servants to sit upon the Enemies, as did Scipio, Titus Sempronius, Cato, and other Romans. It is great 
Gen. 14. 14. Leu. 26. & 29, & 23, & 34. Guicciard. li 8. & 11. Dr. Sutclif. pag 85. part. 2.  folly to thrust an ignorant multitude into battle. And yet also it's not good too much to trust unto trained Soldiers at home that never were abroad. For the Venetians making themselves too confident upon their trained bands, were ovetthrowne. And evil were the Florentines paid in trusting to their trained men. For they may be as one saith, and though well instructed, yet never having seen wars, nor been in the field to skirmish and fight in good earnest, may fail the soldier's expectation. Nevertheless it is necessary that soldiers be made skilful in the use of arms, and exercised in feats of activitiy, to march, to keep ranks, to use right their postures, and to be ready at command to do what they ought do. And this must be in time of peace, as no doubt the Israelites were, which made you so expert in time of need. This care had Cassius 
Pacit. 12.  the Roman, and Epaminondas the Theban. And to say as it is, though there were no enemies to be expected or scared, yet cannot youths be better employed, then in military exercises, and use of Arms.   

XI. CHAP. Of the Officers in War.  
WHen there is a good wise and fit choice made of the souldidiers, as of men of understanding, strong active, and honest, and also trained well, then special care must be had of appointing such Captains and Officers for them, as may be worthy of such soldiers, able to command in wisdom, and to rule them well prudently▪  
When David had numbered the 
2 Sa: 18. 1. 2 Ch: 25. 5.  people, as likewise Amaziah; they placed Commanders over them. Of which some were over thousands▪ 
Num: 31. 14. 48 1 Sa: 8. 12 1 Mach: 3. 5  some over hundreds, some over fifties, and some but over ●ens. They were called Praefecti, or Principes, the Officers of the host, Chiliarchis over thousands, Centurions over hundreds, Pentacouta●chi over fifties, and Decurions over ten: called they were Captains and Leaders. The chief had command over many thousands, some over 280000, some over 30●000. All the sorts of them 
1 Ch: 13▪ 1 2 Ch: ●7. 14. 15-18. 1 Ch: ●2. 8 15: 20. 21: 32, 33  were choice persons, valiant men, men of might, skilful in use of arms, an● fit for battle, tried soldiers in the field, worthy their places. They were wi●e, valiant, and not of a double heart, not traitorously minded, not disaffecting the State, nor the professed religion. They were such as set God before them, and in the service of war, offered themselves 
2 Changed 17: 16  to the Lord, as the learned Translator interpreteth the place, Alacerrimo & promptissimo animo ad bella gerenda eius; with most lusty courages, and most readily bend to fight the Lords battles.  
Though all were worthy praise, yet among them some excelled other some, and were more renowned, as 
2 Sam. 23,  were the special worthies of David, and that without pride in themselves not contemning others, and without envy of the less famous, for any thing the Scripture speaketh of.  
These Leaders, Captains, and Officers were none of them young stripling, raw and unskilful soldiers: but all known men of might, fit for battle. If a David, a young man, a youth, a very stripling be advanced to be Captain over a thousand by Saul, it was extra ordinem indeed, because he was known, and had sufficiently 
1 Sam. 17 59, 56, & 16. 18. & 17. 34. 50. 51. & 18 13, 14.  and often showed himself to be a valiant man, a man of war, prudent in speech, and wise in his actions and behaviour. For he had slain a Lion and a Bare, and had overcome the Giant Goliath before this his advancement. Such youths as he, if any such were, might well be admitted to command. Otherwise, Adrian the Emperor is to be followed, who expressly forbade beardless youths to aspire to such a charge: Alexander 
Lamprid. in vit● ci●●.  in his expedition against Darius, chose such for his Commanders, as were experenced in his father's service, and of ripe judgement. Such as have not attained to the grace of a manly countenance in such manlike services, cannot procure authority sufficient to command brave spirits. And such as procure their Places without desert, desire to be removed. Caesar being in Africa, dismissed some Colonels and Captains with disgrace, because they had got such places by favour, and not by just deserving. Buying and selling of places is base marchandizing, and such as so come in, will surely make poor soldiers pay dear for it, if they be not prevented. It were a rare worthy Sovereign authority that for every place in camp, deserts should only advance all and every Officer, such as be valiant, loyal, diligent, men of skill, and aiming at public good, true honour; and not chief or only at profit, or at other courses unbefitting a right soldier much less a sound Christian. Worth in men advanceth the work intended, wars by God's blessing will prosper, soldiers will be more obedient, and the whole host be better governed.   

CHAP. XII. Of the General over the whole Army.  
THough as hath been showed, that Kings in person usually did go into the field with their hosts; yet did 
2 Sa. 2. 8. 1 Ch. 11. 6 2 Sam. 23. 37. 1 Sa. 14. 1. Iud 9 54. 1 Sa. 16. 21 & 14. 1. 1 Ch. 19 16. 1 Mach. 7. 8. & 4. 100  they appoint one Chief Ruler over all, called the General, or Captain over the host, and Chief over all the rest who had his armourbearer, as it seemeth, every great Commander had, as well as Kings, Abimelech had his, Saul his, (in which office was David at the first) jonathan his, which Armour-bearers were also valiant men. The Heathen had also such Generals, as Phicol was to Abimelech King of Gerar, Shaphach to Hadadezer, Naaman to the King of Syria, Sisera to jabin, Bacchides to King Demetrius, and so others to other Kings. And when there was no King in Israel, the Lord made josua his General to fight his battles, and after him he raised up Othniel, Ehud, Barak, Gideon, jepthah, and other judges. This hath ever been the constant order, for preservation 
D. Sutcl ca 4. pa. 51.  of unity. None had equal authority with them, though others were of great place, as was Abishai and Ittai under David, who divided his host into three parts, one to joab, another to Abishai, and the third to Ittai. In jehosophats' time there were then four that had divided among them into distinct numbers 1160000 a million an hundred and threescore thousand: Sometime we read how 
2 Mach. 8. 9  the Heathen joined two together, as Antiochus with Nicanor, Gorgias as an adviser and a man of great expe●ience.  
The Generals appointed by God were ever assisted by his spirit, to become wise, valiant, and religious. King's choose their Generals, sometime, as nigh of blood; but ever worthy men, as Saul did Abner his uncle 
1 Ch. 11. 6.  one wise and hardy: So David did choose joab his sister's son, but it was upon his desert. For if such be chosen, as be without due desert; valorous spirits in heart disdain them; whence disorders, contentions, disgraces, and ill success. The Enemy being a wise Commander despiseth the power of such a Leader; So did Caesar even the old Company of the 
De bell● civil●.  Spaniards, because he knew Petreius and Afranius their Commanders to be men of no worth. Brave Generals, if God be not against them, further the victory mightily, like Marius Coriolanus leading the Romans 
Liv.  got them the victory over the Volscians; but after taking the Volscians 
Plutarch.  part he made them conquerors over the Romans: It's better of the two, that a Lion lead an army of Hearts, than a fearful Hart an Host of Lions: For C●sars invincible soldiers 
●●llo Cir. 5  were by their cowardly Sabinus their leader overcome. So as Princes had need of worthy Generals well qualified.  
I. They should be religious, for if this be required of all the soldiers, if possible; much more of the Chiefetayne, the General that commandeth all. Such God who is to be followed did choose; such a one was that valiant josua, valiant judas Machabeus and others, and they prospered.  
II. They must be wise, for wisdom, 
Eccles. 10. 10 12:  saith Solomon▪ is profitable to direct, and a wise man's words are gracious. A General should be as David behaving himself so wisely that 
1 Sa. 18. 13 14, 15.  his Enemy may fear him, his friends love him and honour him. And the Wiseman saith also, that wisdom is better than weapons for war: for consideration and well foreseeing, and wise managing of an Army, and finding out of stratagems may prevail, where mere force cannot. Pyrrhus the Epirot, and Scanderbag, and Hannibal by wisdom and forecast obteiend great victories. Courage and strength hath gotten many a glorious day, but policy hath the pre-eminence. It was by policy that Prince Edward, King Edward the thirds son with 8000. overthrew the French Army of 60000. & by policy Henry 5. prevailed with 15000 against all the power and Nobility of France likewise; cunning contriving of matters winneth often▪ where strength would fail. So wise should a General be, as that he should not need to be tied to particular instructions, but to be able to proceed wisely▪ with large Commission, and to use it according to present occasions, and difference in the times, and variety▪ of things falling out for advantage to him: which he may lose by bridling instructions. David wise and valiant prescribed not to joab what to do, how, when, nor where in particulars: nor did so the Roman Senate to their Generals, they were not limited: see for the commodities herein, and yet the cautions withal, in Dr. Sutcliffes' discourse of war. 
Cap. 4. part 4.   
III. Generals should be, as religious and wise, so also very valiant men, such as God chose were valiant, the Angel called Gideon a valiant man, such a one was David; Among the Heathen, the Generals were found to be valiant; Alexander the great performed many valiant Acts against the Persians and Indians; and so did julius Caesar against the fierce Nervii, and at the battle of Mumida he shown himself most valiant in leaving his horse, and setting himself foremost in the front of his foot, to stir up their courages. Scanderbag was wise and valiant, so was Pyrrhus: for the fearful soon turn Cowards; and in Cowards is no trust: for they will betray King, Country, God's Cause, even true Religion, and all, for body's safety. So hateful are Cowards 
Rev. 21. 8.  and the fearful as they are the foremost in the rank of the damned crew going to Hell.  
IV. Generals should be courteous and affable to their soldiers, not proud, nor disdainful, courteous behaviour, in a wise, valiant, and worthy Commander stealeth away the hearts of inferiors, and knits them to him: How did Absalon win all hearts in a manner to him: which I note, for the Courtesy, not for his Craft therein, which a General must be fare from; lest he prove a Traitor, and find the Reward of such a one. The ●ff●ble Courtesy here intended is the gaining of the hearts of soldiers to obey from love, rather than of fear. Caesar would call upon his soldiers, and term them by the name of companions and friends. Disdain is proper to a dunghill Knight; Mithridates, Cyrus, Scipio, yea great Alexander, were very courteous and respective to their soldiers, so also was Charles the fifth.  
V Generals should be faithful of their words, to perform what they promise, or what others by their warrant do promise for public good: this was the valiant worthy, the religious josua, very careful of, even to 
jos 6. 22, 23. & 9 19  the deceitful Gibeon●t●●, as also afterwards to Rahab according to the 
jud. 1. 15. 1 Sam. 30. 15.  word of the spies, and their promise unto her; and in like manner with the man of Luz the spies kept their word: So David performed what he promised unto an Amalekite.  
It is much derogatory to the honour of a General to be found false on his word: Alexander being advised by Parmenio on a time to break his word, said, if I were Parmenio, I should perhaps do so, but it's not lawful for Alexander so to do. The Roman Commanders were most praiseworthy in this. A General to be a treacherous Triphon to a jonathan is odious to any noble and valiant heart; and he detesteth to be a fedifragous' Hamilcar; the f●ith of a soldier 
1 Mach. 12 42. 49.  should be inviolable.  
VI Generals should be temperate, sober & chaste, virtues ever accompanying true graces: we never read of any of the valiant worthies, such as josua, Ehud, Othniel, or David's worthies to be given to gluttony, drunkenness, or to filthy lusts of Adultery and fornication; where read we in Israel or in judah, of valorous spirits to have been drunkards, or to have ravished women or maidens? Indeed this was 
1 K▪ 20. 16. Lam. 5. 11. 1 K. 16. 9 joel 3: 3 judeth 13:  the course and custom of▪ the Heathen; and of some idolatrous Elah, who in his drunkenness lost his life, as did drunken and lustful▪ Holofernes; joab, though otherwise bad enough, yet we do not read of any drunken humour in him, nor to be addicted to filthiness, nor yet his valiant brethren. Indeed Samson was something given to lust, but he paid well for it, even contempt, loss of his eyes, imprisonment, and death. This sin of lust and drunkenness in Captains and soldiers is heathenish, which yet some Heathen have so detested, as they may rise up in judgement▪ against many called, but unworthily Christians. Great Alexander used the wife and daughters of Darius and other beautiful women of Persia very honourably, without any suspicion of unchaste behaviour, yea so he hated filthy lusts, that when two soldiers one Damon, and an other Tymothe●s, under Parmenio had forced men's wives he commanded them to be put to death as brutish and wild beasts. Young Scipio the noble Roman, not then above 22. year old is praiseworthy in this also, who commanded (as Plutarch recordeth) that women taken in wars should not be defiled, and when a beautiful damsel was at a time presented to him, he did not only contain himself from violating her chastity, but sent her to the Noble man to whom she was betrothed, with an enlargement of her dowry: behold these you Commanders. It were too long to enlarge every worthy quality required in a General: briefly therefore for the rest▪ he should be without envy, not an envious Saul to see a David do well, and have his deserved praises, but rather rejoice thereat, and be like the noble M●tius Scev●la, who to match the good service of Co●les done for Rome, adventured into the Hetrurian Camp to kill their King in his tent. He should be like Fabritius the Roman besieging Fideva, who when a Schoolmaster perfidiously betrayed his Scholars, Children of the chief Citizens, into his hand, refused the advantage thereby to gain the City, and sent the Traitor bound, and caused the boys to whip him again into the City, by which he won the affection of the Citizens, and wrought them by this act to become Tributaries to the Romans. He should be watchful, as the eye of the whole host, and very painful; julius Caesar may be a pattern herein to such as please to read his Commentaries. Alexander the great to keep his soldiers from sloth, in the intermission of wars, exercised them in hunting wild beasts which were of fierce natures, and he himself fought with a Lion very dangerously, a Lacedaemonian Ambassador beholding the combat. By industry and great pains taking Hannibal and jugurthe vexed the Romans. He should be temperate in diet; as was Alexander, for when a Princess called Ada sent him delicate dishes of meat, he sent her word again, he knew not what to do with them: for his Governor appointed him, said he, for his dinner to arise before day, and to march in the night, and for his supper to eat but a little at dinner: a spare diet for a King. A brave Commander saith, one should more fear a wanton banquet, than a bloody battle: For after Alexander gave himself over to effeminate delicacies, he lost his honour and life. The conquering Romans so hated belly cheer and voluptuousness, that when Lucius Pius got the Sarm●tes by his often banqueting them, to submit to the Romans, and he coming to Rome demanded to triumph, they did not only deny it him, but in detestation of his belly▪ victory▪ they put him to death, set an Epitaph of reproach upon his tomb, and set the Sarmates free from them again as dishonourably won to their obedience. The General must be tenderly respective to the life and health of his soldiers: and a liberal rewarder of the worthy; this was Caesar's excellency, who said to Mamillus, that he▪ held himself in nothing more honoured and happy, then in liberally rewarding the well deserving, and mercifully pardoning the Enemy: for the one will make soldiers resolute in execution, and the other will allure the enemies to yield and not in a desperate obstinacy stand out, as they will do in fear of a bloody Tyrant, a Turk, a Tartar, and a proud Spaniard.   

CHAPTER. XIII. Of Counsel for war.  
NO General is so well qualified, though with the best endowments of body and mind; but needeth counsel and advise. Counsel and strength is for 
Esa. 58. 5.  war. Hezekiah a wise King took counsel with his Princes and his mighty men to withstand Senacherib and to hinder him, as much as he could: Absolom would proceed by 
2 Sam. 16. 20. & 17. 7.  advice in his rebellion to ask counsel, though God in his wrath confounded it, by David's friend, in his mercy to David. Gedaliah not hearing truth, nor receiving advice when timely offered was traitorously slain by Ishmael; The King of Syria took 
2 K. 8. 1 Mach. 5. 67. Pro. 15. 22.  counsel to proceed in war against Israel. To war without advice is not good: without counsel, saith Solomon, purposes are disappointed.  
The Romans had their Counselors with their Generals. L. Furius in his wars against the Gauls had five, Caesar against France ten, Pompey against Pirates had more.  
And as good Counselors were apppointed, so the wise would take their advice: as did Cam●llus▪ before he fought with the Gauls: Curio in Africa, S●iplo before he set upon Asdr●ball. So did Cyrus before he charged Artaxerxes his brother; Zenophon refused not to hear the counsel of a mean soldier. A●tonius Piu● would do nothing but first he advised. And where good advice is heard and wisely followed good success often followeth thereupon: But where one will do all alone, as Charles Duke of Burgundy did, he may soon overthrow his estate as he did: Such a one was Lautreck who brought his 
Guiccard. lib. 19  forces of France to ruin before Naples, because he would hear no counsel nor be advised. The high conceit of himself that was in Lewis Sforce to rule all after his own apprehension, brought him to a tragical end, as Guiccardine relateth. Counselors must yet be first taken heed of, to wit, such as are envious, such as think through pride their own counsel best, are not easily to be followed; nor those to be Advisers▪ who are Pensioners to the Enemy, as some English were under Edw. the 4▪ to Lewis of France the 11. such Pensioners are Traitors to their 〈◊〉 and Country.  
Concerning Counselors, their qualification must consist in these 4 things, number equality, ability, and good honesty. For the first▪ in the multitude of Counselors is safety, saith Solomon, and purposes are by th●m established. To be led by one is unadvisedness; 
Prov. 11. 14 & 15. 22 & 24. 6  many eyes see more than one, though that one be very wise. In the number one may not over sway the rest in superior power; for then one is all, and the rest are Ciphers to make up the number, but are not of value, many in name are there, but in effect one is the substance, and they all in him: Therefore in some sort equality is necessary, & freedom without fear to advise for the best. They must be wise men able to give counsel, from knowledge and experience▪ 
Liv. 44.  Aemilius Paulus hated those which would be counselling in that which they understood not. The Counselors of the Roman State in judas 
1 Mach. 8  Machabeus days were many, among whom was neither emulation nor envy, nor any one of them that domineered over another. They were for wisdom & age called Senators, and for loving care of their Country, Fathers. Severus the Emperor had many in Counsel of war, but all of them ancient experienced Soldiers in Arms: Also if they be scholars, good historians, able to relate their reading in military matters, they may do much good. Whatsoever their number be or their equality, or their skill, its most meet principally that they be honest, that is, faithful in their Counsel, fearing God, and detesting treachery 
Prov. 12. 5.  and all falshhood: for the Counsels of the wicked are deceit, neither are flatterers & fearful to be judged good Counselors. Also their honesty must bind them to faithful secrecy; there must be no false brother to discover their Counsel; Such a perfidious wretch if espied, is to be made an example to other with terror.   

CHAPTER. XIV. Of the disciplining of an Army, and orderly government thereof.  
AN Army gathered, a fit General appointed, and well deserving Officers chosen, and by good counsel the war established; yet all is nothing without military discipline: which is the very vinculum belli; The Lord therefore when he he brought forth his host of the Israelites from Egypt, under his General Moses, he appointed a strict discipline, which is the strongest Guard to preserve an Army from destruction.  
Alexander Severus, so called for his strict observing of discipline, so held discipline the preservation of the Commonwealth, as the letting of it slip, should be loss both to his name and Empire, Scipio Africanus so observed discipline, as his soldiers seemed Senators, as Plutarch witnesseth. The cruel Turks observe discipline, and that to our admiration, 
Hist. peregr.  by which they have mightily prevailed against us Christians, who may be ashamed of our overmuch looseness herein.  
The well ordering of the host of Israel by the Lord, stood in these things.  
I. In the making of excellent laws for good goutrnment: for his laws were so righteous, as no Nation 
Su●cl. 303. 4. Deut. 4. 8.  could come near them, nor had the like: as Moses told them. Good laws are the foundation of order and discipline, the guide of men's actions, and preservation of an Army, without which there▪ would be nothing but disorder, and so confusion.  
II. In the execution of these 
Deut. 5. 32  Laws, from which none might turn either to the right hand or the left. The life of all Laws is to see them observed, and strictly obeyed, for else Laws be made in vain.  
III. In not allowing any privilege to any one, or any dispensation to any person to transgress the 
Num. 20. 12. 24.  laws. Moses the General was a strict observer thereof, and so his Deputy Lieutenant josua, and if Moses himself offended, he tasted of the kings, the Lord of host's displeasure. Though David for just causes forbore joab his General for a time, yet for his breach of laws he took order to have him punished after his desert. Moses was so just and strict a justicer, that in just proceed he would have none spared, not the heads of 
Num. 25: 4. Exod. 32. 27. 29:  the people, nor any to spare his brother, nor his companion, nor his son. Saul would have put jonathan to death, for not keeping the charge which he imposed upon the whole host. And the Romans without respect of persons, punished offenders. The Consul Titus Manlius caused his own son, for breaking the law of discipline, though otherwise his act in slaying an upbraiding enemy, was both honourable, and to the Romans beneficial to be beheaded. None in a camp may think themselves free from observing order, no not the General, for he that commandeth others must order well himself, or his command will grow into contempt. This made Papirius to purpose the death of the General of his horse, because he fought without command, though he returned victorer. Alexander the great would desire of his soldiers the observation of no stricter laws, than himself would undergo; Adrian the Emperor was singularly praiseworthy for this, and so was Scipio, Severus, Pyrrhus, with others.  
iv In promising rewards to the obedient, grace and savour to such as kept themselves within bounds, within the lists of good▪ order and 
Num. 14. 24. 38.  government, the promises are set down at large in many places by Moses, and were faithfully performed to the well deserving, as to Caleb, to josua, to Phineas, and others. This will procure love to the laws, make them more remarkable, and take up the minds of the well disposed with a watchful care, to obey them. For as impartial execution of laws terrifieth some; so the reward promised and performed, putteth life and courage into the hearts of other some, to do worthily.   

CHAPTER. XV. Of the evils to be avoided in a camp, and to be sharply punished.  
THere is nothing dispel sing to God, but sin, and sin it 
Deu. 23▪ 9,  is which prevents God's blessings, and causeth ill success. Therefore special care is to be had, to avoid sin and evil: as Moses exhorted Israel, & as Aurelianus the Emperor said to his General in a military epistle of his, if thou be a Tribune▪ yea, if thou wilt live; keep back the soldier's hands from doing evil▪  
I. Evil to be taken beed of is Atheism, 
Leu. 24. 16 10.  deriding of God and Religion, cursing God and blaspheming his n●me; this God punished with death; for where God and Religion is contemned, what can prosper? Q. Fabius a Heathen imputed, the calamity which befell the Romans in the overthrow of Flanimius, to be the neglect of Religion, and the only means said he, to recover God's favour was to reverence Religion▪ 
Liv. 22. & 5.  and to have a care to please God▪ should then a Christian deride God and Religion? what came of Rabsakah and other blasphemers, God did slay in his host, 85000. julian the Emperor▪ after he apostated and became Christ's enemy, he soon came to destruction, and julian his Uncle, who in contempt of Christ and the Sacrament, p●ssed against the Table before he died, he fell into such a disease, as made his entrailss ro●, and he to void filth at his mouth.  
II. Evil is Idolatry; this greatly 
Exo. 32.  provoketh God to wrath, maketh people naked of his protection, and to leave them. This overthrew jeroboam, with his 80000. Valiants in fight against judah. This overthrew the Armies of joash, fight 
2 Chro. 25. 7.  against the Syrians, & by this was Amaziahs' host beaten, by the israelites, the ten Tribes. God will not be with his people that shall have Idolaters with them. So the Prophet told Amaziah going against Edom.  
III. Evil is the Abuse of God's 
Zach. 5. 3.  name by horrible swearing, and damned oaths, the Lord telleth us that a curse remaineth upon them, & he threatneth to cut them off, yet some hold themselves no soldiers till they can gracelesly, as a grace to them, thunder out bloody oaths: common swearing maketh one apt to forswear himself, which is a fearful sin not left unrevenged of God in great persons, as in Zedekiah, king of judah, 
2 Ch. 3. 6.  given captive into the hands of Nabuchandnezzar, with whom he had broken his oath, for this was the power of Vladislaus utterly overthrown, and he slain by the Turks under Amurath the Grand-Signeour: with swearing and forswearing, must be abandoned, execrable cursing of others, and of themselves. For which many fearful examples may be produced, which might cause men to tremble; some have been possessed with the devil, by wishing the devil to take them, some hanged, by using this form of execration, I wish I ●ight be hanged if I do this or 
See exam: in the Theatre of God's judgements.  that; some drowned in a Privy, as by a corrupt custom they used to wish, some rotting before they died, according to their cursing.  
iv The ill use of much gaming, a thing that was not in use in God's host; and good it were that it were less in use in our Camp; for God is dishonoured, monies wasted, and many evils h●ppen thereupon; our enemy the Spaniard in time of service doth banish all unlawful games. In the siege of Poytiers the Admiral caused a certain Ensign to be hanged for that he was found playing at 
Historia de troubls. de Fra. li. 8.  cards, while his company did watch in some peril: Manly exercises should be appointed them, and such as can read, to get histories of war and other good books to read and discourse thereof; thus the mind and body will be well employed. It may be some soldiers would be so well exercised, if there were Commanders like Caesar, who read much, and did write his own wars, or like Pyrrhus the famous Martialist in his time, who wrote many books; and as Hannibal in whose tents were found many books which he studied: brave and generous spirits should be delighted either to read, or hear read the acts of valiant warriors, and scorn base play, and childish gaming.  
V The profanation of the Sabbath 
Rev. 1. 10.  the Lords day, as now Saint john calleth it. God punisheth this in 
Num. 15. 32. 36.  the camp of Israel; the valiant judas Machabeus took special care to keep the Sabbath with his host; 
2 Mach. 8. 27.  when Nicanor King Demetrius General would in contempt of God fight with judas on the Sabbath day there were slain of his men 35000. and he killed, his head struck off, 
Ca, 1●. 1. 27. 28.  his tongue cut out for his blasphemy, and his right hand which he had stretched out against the Temple, with his head sent to jerusalem 
Eccl. hist. Cent. 12.  to be hanged up upon a Tower. One of the Kings of Denmark contrary to the dissuasions of Divines, would needs join battle with an enemy upon the day of Pentecost, but he lost the field, and his life withal. All vain sports on the Lord's day, are to be abandoned in a Christian host.  
VI Is Rebellion against lawful authority: this the Lord punished, yea he extraordinarily plagued Rebels, 
Num. 16. 31, 11, 32, 33, 41, ●2, 49.  making the earth to open and swallow up some, and fire to devour some others; Rebels can look for no good end, see it in Absalon, though he had most of Israel to take his part. Let the end of him, Bichri and Zimri, make men take heed of rebellion.  
VII. Treasonable practices and conspiracies, and secret working with the enemy are to be carefully looked unto, and to be prevented, and the parties found ou● severely to be punished, 
jer. 40.  for good Gedaliah being warned, and not making timely inquiry was by traitorous Ishmael cruelly murdered. So one Quintilius Varus for being too slack to search out the Treachery of one Narminins, of which he had intelligence, was slain with all his company. Of such was Nehemiah in danger, but his wisdom prevented them; and judas Machabeus 
Neh. 6. 17. 10. 2 Mach. 13. 21.  had a Rod●cus among them, a discloser of secrets to the enemy: but he was found out: Cyrus the younger executed one Or●ntes which went about to betray him to the ●my. Marcellus executed many in the City N●la, for treason, having had secret talk and intelligence with 
Liv. 24.  Hannibal. For such worthily deserve death.  
VIII. Is Mutiny. God punished the murmurings of his people, and their malecontentednesse, such as cause sedition; and stir up others 
Num. 11. 1, 9, 21. 5, 6  to grow rebellious are to be punished, Scipio upon a mutiny of his soldiers in Spain, put to death the chief moovers, and so pacified 
Liv. 28. Tacit. 1.  the rest; so did Tiberius when his did mutiny in Pannovia, but it is hard measure to poor starving soldiers, for coming and demanding their pay in extreme need, to be held mutinous, and that only for this, Captains should hang some to make others willing to dye rather for hunger, than any more to complain. Oh  cruelty▪ and merciless inhumanity.  
IX. Disobedience to command, and to make attempts upon the Enemy without warrant, or when a charge is given to the contrary, this God suffered not to go unpunished in the presumptuous Israelites. Manlius 
Num. 14. 41. 45.  his dealing with his son is before noted, and Papirius his purpose and intent towards the General of his horse. Men upon their own heads without command of authority to fight with the enemy, seldom 
Liv. 5.  prove successful: which the Romans found at the siege of Vey with loss of their soldiers: yet jonathan and his Armour-bearer secretly ●et upon the enemy and prospered, and was honoured for it. But such an example is extraordinary; as soldiers are not to presume upon their own heads without command, so being commanded, they might readily obey; else all Military order would decay and die. We may read in Livy that a General of the Romans 
Liv. 4.  slew an Ensign-bearer, for refusing to advance himself forward towards the enemy, as he was commanded; yea the Israelites held him worthy death that would refuse to obey 
Ios. 1. 18.  the just commands of their General josua.  
X. Is envy and pride, and words of reproach the fruits thereof, tending to provoke to the breach of peace, this God punished in the Prophetess Miriam, this envy, pride, and 
Num. 12. ●, 9, 10.  words of contempt are pestilent evils, and cause much mischief. Hence arose the bloody civil discord and war between jeptah and the Ephramites, of whom were slain 42000. Hence the slaughtering and 
jud. 12. jud. 9  killing one another between Abimelech and the Sichemites, caused by the reproachful and disdainful words of Gaal, these things should be prohibited, and sharply punished.  
XI. Is murder and the kill of 
1: Kin. 2. 30. 31.  one another; God gave a very straight charge against bloodshed. joab the General being guilty must die for it, even at the Altar: God never allowed Asyles for murderers, and men of blood, Captains may not like rash brained and bloody men, disorderly kill soldiers; he that 
In l. 18▪ & 19 3. 〈◊〉 rem●●▪  shall so do among the Spaniards dyeth for it: the Romans put to death such as struck their fellows with a sword, if they offered other violence as to throw stones at them, such were displaced with shame; Quarrels and Challenges thereupon with acceptances thereof have been the loss of many life's unworthily; hereby Princes lose their subjects, the army is wea●●ned, the enemy hereby advantaged. Soldier's lives should be precious one to another, their blood should be spilt in the public cause against the enemy, and not in private quarrels, no not if a man put the lie upon an other; jehu a right 
2 K. 9 12.  valiant Captain, marching furiously, did not quarrel with the Captains in his company, when they said it was false which he spoke, so putting the lie upon him, neither held he it such a disgrace, as now men do judge. jeremy said to a 
jer. 37. 14.  Captain of the Ward, unjustly accusing him, that it was falsehood or a lie, as it is in the Hebrew Text, which he spoke. Gedaliah put the lie upon johanan a Captain, a high 
jer. 40. 16. Note this.  and proud spirited man, and valiant too, yet none of these offered to any of them the stab, nor did make a quarrel thereof, nor did beastlike more than manlike, rush upon one another, and kill one another: for these quarrelsome fellows, and Spadassives (as one calleth them) are not ever the best men. Drunkenness, whoring, swearing, and no doubt but hereupon forswearing, are no matters of disgrace to them, but forsooth the term lie, by which the father of all lies deludeth them, to make them strain at a gnat, and swallow Camels; to seem to detest a lie, and yet in their vicious courses to be faithless to God, and their own souls; Away, away with this delusion of Satan, you that are truly valiant, and right Christian Soldiers, and suffer not yourselves to be transported with this conceited disgrace to seek revenge, and so be guilty of blood; a crying sin before God.  
XII. Is careless negligence, and slothfulness; this is to be punished, 
Ier: 48. 10. 1 K. 20. 39, 40.  the Lord pronounceth a curse upon him, that doth his work negligently, and keepeth back his sword from blood, when he may slay the Lords enemies. It was death by negligence to let an enemy put into a man's custody to escape: so for a watchman not to give 
Eze. 33. 6. Liv. 5.  warning▪ the watchman which suffered the Gauls to enter into the Capitol, while he slept, was thrown from the rock of the Castle, and so punished with death for it, the valiant Commander Epamino●das the Theban going the round slew the watchman 
Plutarch.  whom he found asleep; by the Roman Law it was death: But this is to be meant in time of most necessary watching, because of the enemy, but no● else, God forbidden, that the blood of poor soldiers should be needlessly shed.  
XIII. Is cowardliness, when a soldier dare not for fear perform his charge, this is to be punished. Cowards God put out of his camp, when he sent his to war; and so did Machabeus. Appius Clandius did behead those soldiers that throwing down their arms fled from their enemies; Lic●rgus made a law among the Spartans', that no man should return 
Livia▪ 2.  home that turned his back upon his enemy. Caesar put certain Ensigns from their places, because they lost their ground in an encounter with Pompey at Dirrhac●ium; The Coward doth not only help the enemy, but disheartneth his friends; The Lacedaemonian women would deliver shields to their sons, exhorting them going to war, either to bring them again, or to dye valiantly; There was among them one Damatria who hearing that her son had not fought like a Lacedaemonian, when he came ●lew him; so much did women there detest a cowardly spirit.  
XIV. Is flying away out of the host to the enemy; this is worthy severe punishment: such base and traitorous spirits among all the soldiers in Israel I never read of to my remembrance; not in all the wars of josua, nor of the judges, nor of Saul, nor of David; The Romans punished such with death, Caius Matienus coming 
●l●ru●.  but home from the army in Spain, without leave, was beaten under a gibbet, & sold for one piece of money, to signify the base esteem of such a fugitive; to fly to the enemy is to further them very much, by discovering to them the present state of those from whom they run, and therefore is to be very sharply punished.  
XV. Is Fornication, Whoredom, and fleshly filthiness in any kind, not to be suffered. God for this sin slew in the camp of Israel in one day 24000. 
Num 25.  Phineas in his zeal for this slew Zimry and Cozbie a Prince and Princess. Scipio the younger banished women out of his camp. Before is showed how Alex●nder punished this beastly filthiness in soldiers. This sin is yet nothing now in the thoughts of unbridled lustful soldiers; which yet some have well paid for. The Sicilians enraged against the Garrisons of soldiers, for their adulteries, 
Ni●. Gil. V●l. 1.  whoredoms, and rapes, in the reign of Rodolphus the Emperor, took arms, and upon Easter day set upon them and slew them all. The Emperor Aurelianus caused a soldier for committing adultery to be tied by his feet to two trees bend to the earth, which being let go rend him in pieces, half of him hanging on the one, and the other half on the other tree.  
XVI. discontentedness with the allotted provision convenient, and lusting after belly-cheer. This evil the great man of war, and discipliner of Armies, the Lord God of hosts, punished 
Num. 11. 4. 20. 33.  in his Campe. Nothing less befits a soldier then the love of his belly and ease; some are like summer locusts, which are all belly, and live of spoil; strong in warm months, but in pinching cold they are gone, pinned away, and die; you have heard before how basely Lucius Pius was esteemed of by the Romans, for his gaining of the Sarmates to obedience with belly-cheer.  
XVI. Is theft, filching, rapine, robbery, 
Ios. 7. 21.  and sacrilege: God punished Achans theft; yet these are too common with soldiers now. For many base fellows fit for the Gaol, yea the Gallows than the wars, are no sooner pressed, and in the King's service, but are bold to lay hands upon other men's goods, which they carry away with many a bitter curse, year curse is upon the thief and the 
Zach. 5. 3.  swearer, who also bringeth a curse upon others as Achan did; That one thief caused the overthrow of the Army; oh, what evil will then a multitude of thiefs do in an host? Great care must be had of committing sacrilege, and robbing of Churches, Crassus the Roman for 
Sabellic. li. 4 ca 3.  robbing the Temple of jerusalem, was soon after overcome by the Parthians. Cambyses the King of Persia his army, was destroyed by a tempest, going to rob a Temple. These by Draco the Athenian Lawgiver was death; So among the Etrurians, and 
Herod. l. 1. Vapisc in vita Aurel.  Vacceians; The Locrians put out the thiefs eyes; Aurelianus the Emperor would not suffer his soldiers to take a pullet or chicken from country people, his friends. Tiberius' made one of 
Suetonius in Tiber.  his Guard to be put to death, for taking a Peacock out of a man's yard▪ Tamburlaine caused a soldier to be slain for taking a poor woman's milk and some cheese, and not paying for it; The Romans under Marcus 
Theat. hist.  Scaurus were so disciplined, that they would not pluck the fruit of one tree, as they passed by it, and left it untouched. Pescenius Niger would have put to death divers soldiers met together feasting themselves with that which they had stolen, though thorough entreaty their lives were spared, yet they were punished, and their punishment was to lie in Tents during the war without fire, to live only with bread and water, and to make restitution to the husbandmen; and the reason given of this severity was, because, such acts did tend to rebellion. Aurelian writes an epistle to Tribunes and soldiers, to keep their hands from other men's goods.  
But theft is not only to be restrained in soldiers, but also in Captains and officers which they may many ways commit.  
1. In false musters robbing so the state, by having pay for more in the roll, then be in service. This abuse 
Guice. l. 15▪  was the ruin of Francis the first before Pavy, they that give in false numbers by the Laws in France, suffer 
Liv. 28.  death. The Romans paid every soldier by the poll; so at musters do now the Spaniards.  
Secondly, in robbing poor soldiers of their pay, Caesar was severe against 
Caesar de b●llo Civ.  this villainy; so as two of his Captains of horse, Roscillus and Ae●us having defrauded soldiers of their pay, fled to the enemy, as soon as they knew that Caesar had notice thereof. It's an indelible Character of infamy, saith one, to defraud a poor soldier of his due.  
Thirdly, in taking from a soldier that which is his own, as his weapon, 
Of Capt abusing poor soldiers, read Sir Toh: Smiths epistle to the Nobility of England▪ l 3. 6. qui aliena F. de remilita.  or horse, etc. Theophilu● the Emperor of the East, banished a Commander out of his Dominion for taking a soldiers good horse perforce from him, for want whereof he was afterwards slain in battle, and withal bestowed the Commanders possession upon the soldier's widow, albeit that Captain had bestowed the horse upon the Emperor himself, unwitting to him, till the widow claimed him, as the Emperor road on him. As Captains and Officers may not wrong soldiers, so soldiers may not rob one another. Modestinus judged him worthy of death that stole his fellow's arms. To conclude, great care must be had that soldiers do no spoil, nor rob such, by whom they are permitted to pass by peaceably, nor such as be Merchants and Victuallers of the Camp, but such must be suffered to go and come very securely: The Army of the Prince of Orange besieging Florence, had like to have been famished, through the disorder only of three or four soldiers which rob the Merchants and Victuallers, which came and went from the Camp: but those were therefore hanged, and then plenty was brought in. The punishing of this sin in Tamberlaines Camp made his huge Army of many hundred thousands to be plentifully served.  
XVII. And last is, the spreading of rumours, raising of false reports, to dishearten an Army is worthy death. This the Lord of hosts punished with death, and sent the 
Num. 14. 37.  plague upon them, that brought upon the land an ill report, which daunted the people's hearts for going forward: it set them in a rebellion. A false imagination conceived and rumoured in the host of the Syrians▪ (to wit, that Ieh●ram had hired the Chariots and horses of Pharaoh to come upon them, when they besieged Samaria, and in a manner had won it) made them fly suddenly, 
2 K. 7, 6, 7.  none pursuing, and to lose the victory, ●ea and what else they had running away as for their lives. Rumours of falsehood are often uttered of the enemy ●o work fear, and so to da●nt m●ns spirits which rumours therefore are not to be believed.  
These are those sinful evils, which principally in an army are to be suppressed and punished, yet in proceeding against offenders, as need must be taken of to much levity, so also beware of too great severity. Lucul●us undid himself by this and ●as forsaken of his soldiers, who went to Pompey, to whom they proved most faithful and constant. Rigour may rule, but gaining affection by ●lemency causeth true obedience, yet offenders must not go unpunished. For by suppressing disorders, God is honoured, the Army strengthened, the enemies disheartened, neighbours and friends secured, and so encouraged to abide constant; but where sin doth reign & disorders suffered, there all things fall out clean contrary, misery and want will follow, to their ruin and overthrow: God will be against them, and friends will abandon them as unworthy of aid.   

CHAP. XVI. Of a convenient army, and of necessaries prepared aforehand to maintain the same.  
VEgetius exhorteth those that purpose to begin wars carefully 
Li. 3▪ ca 3.  to weigh and consider their store and charges: And provision is to be made long before: for in action then to provide will be too late. The Kings of judah made 
2 Changed 14 8▪ & 17 2: & 26.  in the days of peace great preparation for war, and had soldiers in readiness to withstand sudden invasions. As may be seen ●n the reign of Asa, jehosophat, Uzziah, and other Kings. It is the saying of one, That Long a praeparatio belli celer●m facit victoriam, Long preparation by good deliberation maketh qu●cke dispatch in the execution, and speedily getteth the vi●tory.  
In going to war, first the number 
Num. 31. 3▪ ●. Ios. 8. 1.  convenient to be employed, is to be considered of: both for horse and foot, for powers both by sea and land. The number is uncertain; sometimes Moses will appoint but twelve thousand, the least number sent forth to speed well; sometime josua must take all the strong men of war to fight with the enemy as need is, so must be the number.  
The heathen in former times had ever mighty hosts, some hundred thousands: the Midianites, Philistims 
Ios. 10. & 11. 4.  Canaanites, Ethiopians, Hol●phernes host was an hundred and seventy thousand, and twelve thousand Arc●ers 
judg. 6. 5. & 7. 2. 2 Chro. 14 Luk. 14. 31  on horseback: now according to the power of the Enemy, so must we go out against him, if we be able, as Christ reacheth in his parable.  
To subdue enemies it is ever very necessary to have a full army if we look for victory: for  
Touching a handful or small number 3 or 4000 these do rather injury themselves then the enemy, they rather kindle and nourish war, then end it; and do rather hearten the enemy, then strike him with fear: anger him, then hurt him. What got Israel unadvisedly by sending a small number 2 or 3000 against Ai? It was but loss to themselves, and encouragement to the Enemy. The Lacedæmonians could do no good against the Athenians as long as their numbers 
Thuci●. 1.  were small, but did hurt to themselves. But now for a full power, and to use our best strength to obtain the victory many reasons may persuade.  
1. God taught josua to do; when his small number was overthrown, he commanded him to take all the men of war. 
Ios. 8. ●. T●ucid ●.   
2. The heathen Oracle consulted with, by the Lacedæmonians, before the Peloponensian war, to know by what means they might best prevail, gave this answer, that the means to overcome was to use their full strength.  
3. Thus ever did Sa●l and also David, and other Kings in Israel and judah: when they went against an enemy, 
1 Sam. 11 8. & 15. 4. 2 Sam. 10. 7.  they led out mighty forces, Saul against the Amaleki●es conducted an host of 310000: David sent against the Ammonites all the host of mighty men, which were many thousands.  
4. The Romans in their wars sent forth strong Armies against their enemies 50 thousand, or 24 thousand the least, 15000, or 12000, as their stories show.  
The benefit of a strong Army is great, it striketh fear where it cometh, and if not presently resisted, it enricheth itself with spoils; if it get the victory, it will maintain itself upon the enemy, and abide without fear. Caesar maintained his wars in France upon the French nine years; Hannibal his Army upon Italy sixteen years; Scipio his host upon Spain all the time of his stay; a strong power prevailing gets confederates, to give aid and to help with supplies; yea through fear it gaineth from the enemy, many falling off from him to the strongest side as the Kings which were servants to Hadarezer did, when Davi● overcame 
2 Sam. 10, 19  his host. One victory got with a full army is the winning almost of a Country. Caesar's victory at Alexia, drew almost all France to him: The French by one victory recovered the Kingdom of Naples. It's necessary therefore to put to our strength in war, if we hope to prevail, and not da●ly with our Enemy, to our own hurt: but yet we must avoid two evils.  
1. Not to presume of our great strength against a weak enemy, as Benhadad the king of Syria, and his 
1 K. ●0  32. Kings with him did, when he came against Ahab: which great host of his was overthrown; so was Zerah with his ten hundred thousand. 
2 Ch. 14. Anno 1588. ● Mach. 3 16.  And how soon was the Armado of Spain called invincible, scattered and brought to naught here in our coasts? For victory standeth not in the multitude of an host, but strength cometh from heaven.  
2. Not utterly to despair if we be enforced to fight with a small power against a proud boasting enemy▪ For in such cases God strangely giveth victory, as shall be declared, Chap. 18. Thus much for the number.  
Now when an Army of men, for the number is resolved upon, necessaries must be provided answerably thereto.  
I. There must be great store of arms▪ such of Zebu●un, Reub●● God, 
1 Ch. 12. 33. 37. 2 Changed 26. 14.  and Manisses, as came to help David, were furnished with all instruments of war for battle. King ●zz●a● provided for his men of war throughout their host's weapons of warr●, such as were then used, spears, shields, bows, slings, and other Arms. Gorgius host was strong and well harnessed, as the story relateth. Scipio going into Africa against the 
1 Mac. 4. 7 Liv. 29.  Carthaginians any made exceeding provision of Arms.  
II. Provision of victuals, Of this 
jud. 20. 10  the Israelites had care, before they warred upon Gibeah; Holophernes 
jud. 2. 17, 18.  his great host had plenty of victuals, and carriages for all provision; that they might not want, for, indeed hungry bellies can neither fight, nor observe order. Saul by his rash restraining of his Army from taking food, made them to faint, and after through hunger to fly upon the 
1 ●am 14. 24, 30, 32, 33.  spoil, and by eating blood, to sin against God, Fames severior est bell●, Hunger is more sharp than the sword. Alas, how can they have courage, that pine with hunger? How can they stand against an enemy, that want strength to go, upright? Good leaders should take to 
2 K. 3. 9, 10  heart the distress of their company in such a case, as even Idolatrous lehoram did. But some are like the 
1. Sam. 30. 13.  Amalek●e, who left his poor weak Egyptian servant to help himself, or to dye for hunger. Alas what service can poor hungerstarved soldiers do? or how can they be made obedient when belly hath no 
Bel. Gal: Liv. 29  ears? Therefore famous Generals have ever seen to this. Caesar would not once move towards the Enemy, before he had provision. Scipio landing in Africa, had his storehouses filled with provision. Cyrus' in his expedition against 
Xeno●h. ex●. Cy● 1.  his brother had, besides his ordinary Carts, four hundred Wagons, loaden with victuals, not to be spent, but in time of necessity. Where provision is not to prevent famine, there the host is overcome without dint of the sword: To have victuals, bring store, be moderate from the first day in the use, give free & safe passage to Merchants and Victuallers to bring, and make ready payment; what is gotten from the Enemy, store it up, procure from confederates favour ●o make supply in this kind; and to summon, as a strong Army goeth along the Towns and Villages to bring in victuals and provision, unless they would be ruinated.  
III. There must be sufficient money to help every way all wants; money is the sinews of war. Holophernes with plenty of food, had very 
judeth 2. 8 2 Mac. 3. 28  much gold and silver. King Anti●ch●s opened his treasure, and gave his soldiers pay for a year; Soldiers well paid have the better courage; council and money prevail where force cannot effect. By gold Tacius the Captain of the Sabines got the Capitol of Rome, Asdrubal with money Celt●ber●ans from the Romans. Money may hire soldiers, buy victuals, and supply what is wanting for the most 
How to make provision for money, read Dr. Sutchss his book of war., ca 2. pa. 18.  part; therefoer wise warriors were not in this careless, the Carthaginians had in their new Carthage in Spain a treasure to serve for the wars there. Caesar had for his store in Noviodunum, For his wars in France.  
But though there be store of money, yet must the General see to it, that poor soldiers be paid, the fraud in Officers must be prevented, and severely punished; money is not to be turned into provand, of which deceit 
See Sr. I●h● Smith preface to hi● book o● this cozenage. Liv. 28. & 2  a skilful Commander hath written at large. Neither should Captains be paymasters to soldiers, lest they be, as they have been notoriously▪ abused, Scipio in Spain paid his soldier's man by man; Porsena Commander of the Hetruscians stood by while every soldier took his own pay, and so were they such that every one had his due; see what evils have happened by nonpayment, or slack paying of 
Pa. 74. ch●. 4. part. 9  soldiers in Dr. Sutcliffe his book.   

CHAPTER. XVII. Of means abroad to be used before the wars begin.  
ON Prince, nor Nation, may presume upon their own strength, worth and power; The Kings of old time making war, had beside their own, aid from other, 
Gen. 14. 1: 24.  and had confederates joining with them: Chadelaomer had Kings with him: Abraham also had Aner, Eschal, and Mamre, assistants with him in his war. The Kings of Canaan did help one another; and the Ammonite procured help of the Syrians to fight against David. The Syracusans 
Ios. 10. 3. & 11. 1. 2 Sam. 10. 6: Thucid 5.  by the help of the Spartans' withstood the Athentans. Yea, the Romans themselves sought for help of others against Philip of Maced●nia.  
But here let not an Amaziah take 
2 Ch. 25.  aid of Idolatrous Israel, lest they be his ruin; nor let a jehosophat help an 
2 Ch. 19 2.  Ahab for it pleaseth not God; secondly, let not wise men rest upon the help of Confederates, but have evermore of their own, both to resist the enemy, and command aiders▪ as Tullius Hostilius had; for confederates may prove Cowards and false▪ the Swissers which came to aid Lewis Forze, sold him at Navarra into the hands of Lewis the twelfth. 
G●i●ca●.   
Next is to make peace with such as may be injurious, when we go to war with others. Israel in their hot war against the Philisti●s, had Peace with the Ammonites. This is necessary, lest while we set upon one, we be invaded by another, 
1 Sam. 7. 14 Esa. 37 9  as it happened to Senacher●b, who whilst he invaded judah, had Tirh●kah king of Eth●opi●, coming forth to make war with him.  
The third thing is, to entertain intelligence from the Enemy's friends and subjects, to gain them from them, to cause division between them. The Romans before they transported their forces into Africa, they assured themselves of the Kings of Numidia. Before they set upon Philip of Macedonia, they caused a revolt of many from him The disjoining of the hearts of such as be at one with the enemy, is a great weakening of his power, and a way more easily to get the victory.  
To make a rebellion, and to cause civil wars, is the ruining of the Enemy's state, and a ready passage to attain our own purposes; for they that stand for their own safety at home, cannot well agree to resist the attempts of foreign powers. They may like the seditious Captains in jerusalem join together to fight against the Romans, but by slaying afterwards one another the Enemy shall at length prevail, and they come to destruction.   

CHAPTER. XIX. Of the religious preparation before the Army march.  
WHen the Host is prepared and ready to march forward, before it be moved in former mer times; among God's people these things were observed and done.  
I. There was a divine exhortation, or as we call it, a sermon appointed by God before they went forth, to be preached to them by an ordinary 
Deut 20. 2, 3, 4. 2 Ch. 20. 14 & 13. 12. 2 K. 3. 11. jud. 4.  Teacher; sometime they had extraordinary men raised up to encourage them. The Priests go into the wars, and sounded Trumpets, Elesha followed the Camp of the three Kings, going against Moab. And Deborah a Prophetess went down with Barak. It's no question but Ministers may go into the wars, its necessary to have men of good gifts to preach▪ to soldiers, but they must be good and conscionable to give example, zealous in reproving, and gracious in prayer, that as Moses did, while the other▪ fight they may pray, and help forward 
Exo. 17.  the victory. If such were in a Camp and reverenced, the Army would prosper the better. Abiiah gathered 
2 Ch. 13. 12.  courage by having the Lords Priests with him when he set the bat●le in array against the Idolater I●rob●am. The prayer and sacrifice of Samuel 
2. Sam. 7. 9  furthered Israelites against the Philistims. The French had an Archbishop in their host when they fought with King Henry the fifth. The Spa●iards have their Priests with them, and do punish those that in word or deed do offer them injury. Why should our Armies go forth without good Teachers. King Henry the first had with him Priests whom he commanded to pray whilst he fought the glorious battle at Agincourt.  
II. The people of God in former times humbled themselves, not those only which were at home, but the host of men which went out into the wars, they fasted, they prayed, and sought the Lord with tears, offering Sacrifices to God, and asked counsel of the Lord before, so did the Israelites going against▪ Be●●min. So did 
jud. 20. 18 23. 26. 1 Sam. 7. 8  they in the days of Samuel, whom they entreated to pray earnestly for them. I so did jehosophat when he went out against his enemies. In like 
2 Mach 3. 44, 47, 50  sort did judas and his people with him, they fasted, read holy Scriptures, and prayed fervently unto the Lord for help. King Henry the fift before the battle of Agincourt with great devotion made prayers and supplications with his Priests and people▪ unto God and prospered. For what is it for us to pray for those who in the mean space neglect prayer, despise it, and preaching, and give themselves instead of fasting and humbling themselves, to swearing, drinking, and whoring, filching, and other villainies, by which they call for vengeance against themselves? The Emperor Oho when he was to have a set battle with the Hungarians, proclaimed a fast, and commanded to call upon the name of God before, that God might go with them. The Romans before they began war sacrificed to their gods, and prayed for success; 
Liv. 22. 31▪  as is evident in their attempts, against Hannib●l, and in their wars against▪ Philip of Macedonia and Antiochus; 
Xenop: i● exped: Cyr: C●c. de nat: deorum 3. Liv. 29.  yea they imputed their ill success to the neglect and contempt of Religion not seeking to appease the wrath of the gods and to win their favour before. Scipi● going against the Carthaginians, made a prayer for success, expressed in Livy, Archidamus bringing his army before Pl●tea began with sacrifices crave help of the gods. Among the Lacedæmonians, 
T●ucid 2. Plutarch.  when their King went to join battle, he first offered sacrifice. Isaac Bassa going against Scanderbag would not move forward, before he had made his prayer to God for success. All which condemneth the Atheistical Commanders and soldiers which in these days dare contemn these religious duties which are to be performed unto the Lord God of hosts.  
III. They had a strict charge to keep themselves then from every thing: and withal to put away wickedness, 
Deu. 23. 9 1 Sa. 7. 3, 4 Ios. 7.  especially Idols, and to punish ●oule offenders as josua▪ did Achan, before he went the second time against the Enemy, and to separate Idolaters 
2 Ch. 28. 7, 8.  from them, whom God hateth. Solomon telleth us, that wisdom is better than weapons of war, but, saith he, one sinner destroyeth much good; If wisdom and weapons cannot save where there is but one vile and notorious ill liver, how shall we imagine that they shall prosper, where a most there are an whole host of them? Some are swearers, some beastly drunkards, some filthy whoremasters; and not a few contemners of Religion; and many of them the scum and out casts of Parishes: How can we expect God to be with them? or for us, by them without reformation? That worthy Scipio in going to give battle to the Numantines abandoned all Bawds, Whores, Coufeners, Coggers, Diviners, and Figure-flingers, Should the Heathen cleanse their hosts of such wicked ones, and shall Christians make no conscience hereof?  
iv They laboured for faith and confidence in God, jehosophat pressed 
2 Ch. 20. 20. & 14. 11. & 13. 18. 1. Ch. 5. 20  this hard upon the people, when they went forward: Asa had his eyes upon God, and it's said the victory was given to Abiiah and his army, because they relied upon the Lord. This confidence in God delighteth him▪ and they shall prosper that trust in him.  
To rest upon any means is vain; though the best is to be used, and not neglected; For, though a horse be prepared for battle, yet is he a vain 
Pro. 21. 31  thing for safety, neither is a King saved by the multitude of an host, nor 
Psa. 33. 17 Psa. 33 16.  the mighty delivered by much strength: jeroboam with his 800 thousand lost the battle. The Persian Xerxes, who had his ten hundred thousand by land, and ten hundred thousand ships by sea▪ an incredible host, yet was vanquished and overthrown. Amurah the Turk, coming with sevenscore thousand against the poor Prince Scanderbag, was wearied in warring, died in the voyage, and so the army returned with shame; A great King saith Solomon, may come 
Eccles. 9 14, 15.  against a little City, and not be able to win it, though few be in it, being governed by the wisdom of a wise man, though but poor. It's folly therefore to rely upon strength and multitude of men, but upon God alone in the use of all lawful means.  
Neither though their strength was small, and their power weak, did they faint, when they had warrant from God to fight. For the Lords people know, that God can deliver, and safety is from him. It is nothing 
Pro. 21. 31 2 Ch. 14. 11. 1 Sa. 14. 6. 1 Ch. 25. 8. 3. 18. Leu. 26. 37. Psa 89: 43 1 Sa 13. 5. & 14 13: jud. 14, 15 jud 7. 12. & 8. 10.  with him to help, either with many, or with few which have no power. He it is that hath power to help, or to cast down, to make to stand in battle, or to fly and run away. One Samson shall beat down a thousand sometime; By two, jonathan and his Armour-bearer, the Lord can dismay an host of 30 thousand Charets, 6000 horsemen, and innumerable foot. By 300 Gideon that godly valiant man, he can affright a huge multitude of which there were slain on hundred & twenty thousand with their Kings in one day. By 318. men he gave Abraham and his confederates victory over 
Gen. 14.  four Kings and their Armies, who before were conquerors over five other Kings and their hosts. By 7000 conducted by a wicked Ahab, he put to flight the host of Benhadad with 
1 K: 20. Num 2●. 5. 49.  32. Kings. By 12000 he made Israel to subdue the Midianites, to ●ay five Kings, to take prisoners 32000 persons, the prey and spoil of 72000 beefs, 61000 Asses, and of sheep 675000, and all his glorious victory obtained without the loss of one 
Wars of the jews.  man. The jews fight with Cast●●us the Roman, slew of his host 516 horse, and 27. thousand foot, and 〈◊〉 but 22 persons of their own. 〈◊〉 least men might think these to ●ell rare and extraordinary, and not th● like help now from God to be expepected; let such consider of after victories given of God. For though some of these were miraculous, yet other some of them were such, as God in after times hath showed the 
2 Mach. 8. 20.  like. judas Machabeus with 8000, destroyed an hundred and twenty thousand; at another time with ten thousand men he vanquished one ●●sias with sixty thousand chosen foot: and five thousand horse. The like victories God by his aid and providence hath given to the Heathen. Milciades the Noble Captain of 
1 Mac. 4. 28. 29.  the Athenians with 11 thousand overcame above an hundred thousand horse and foot, sent by Darius, son of Hisdaspis' to invade Grecia, Lernidas with an handful of Lacedæmonians slew twenty thousand Persians. Great Alexander with an Army of thirty two thousand, conquered the world, and subdued mighty Opposers. Among Christians incredible victories have been hotten by the lesser number; Charles Martell father to King Pippin fought with a very few against four hundred thousand Saracens, of which he slew three hundred and seventy thousand. Zissa that everlastingly renowned Bohemian, in eleven set battles, and blind in three of them, went away victorer over all the powers that the Emperor ever made against him. But to speak of our own, and almost unmatchable victories in France; King Henry the fift with 15000 men at Agincourt, overcame the whole power of France an army of 52000, and slew one Archbishop, eight Earls, twenty six Barons, fifteen thousand Knights, and above ten thousand others, with the loss of only six hundred on our side, and only two of great note the Duke of York, and the Earl of Suffolk. Great and glorious was the victory gotten at Poictyers by Edward the black Prince, Edward the third his son, who with eight thousand wearied soldiers vanquished King john of France, whom he took prisoner, and scattered his Army of 40 thousand, of which ten thousand were slain: in which victory were taken prisoners besides the King, Philip his son, seventy Earls, fifty Barons, twelve thousand Gentlemen, so they took and slew more, than they were themselves. The battle at Cresy was wonderful; for there were but of English commanded by King Edward himself one thousand, one hundred and eighty, yet prevailed they against the French King and the King of Bohemia, who had an host of seventy thousand, in which were slain the King of Bohemia, eleven Princes, eighty Barons one hundred one twenty Knights, and thirty thousand common soldiers. So as we may see how that glorious victories have been obtained by handfuls of men in comparison of the conquered. When God will have men to prevail, neither wisdom, nor counsel nor understanding can be against his will, no nor power be it never so great; For many are the devices 
Prov. 19 21  of man; but the council of the Lord, that shall stand; as he hath thought so shall it come to pass, and as he hath purposed, as the Prophet 
Esay 14. 24  speaketh, so shall it be.  
Therefore let all the care be to have God on our side; for if he be with us who can be powerful against us? Surely none. Xenophon that worthy 
Xenoph. exp. Cyr. 3.  Philosopher, and noble Captain being but a heathen when his men were in distress encouraged them thus, willing them to put confidence in God; for that (saith he) he was able to save a few out of the hands of many, in what danger soever they were; he can strike fear 
2 K 7. jud. 7. 22. 1 Sa. 14 20 2 Cro 20. 23. & 32. 21.  suddenly into the hearts of almost Conquerors, and make them run away and none pursuing them, as he did the Syrians; he can set the sword upon the neck of one another, and cause them to kill one another; as he did the Philistims, Midianites, and the armies of three Kings; he can send an Angel to kill an host of mighty men of valour, even an hundred and fourscore & five thousand in one night▪ In a word, he can do what he will in Heaven and in Earth. Therefore let us thus prepare to meet him, to make him our Captain, our Guide and Commander, then shall we ●a●e good success, and prosper, as others have done.   

CHAP. XIX. Of laying good grounds aforehand to speed well, and of a peaceable and a lawful proceeding against an Enemy.  
THere is nothing more desired in making war then to prosper in the enterprise: This all wish, and without some hope of his, who would adventure to enter battle? Therefore men should study above all other, this point chief. Now to speed well the way is,  
I. To hearken to God's voice, and serve him. For, saith the Lord, Oh 
Psal.  that my people had harkened unto me, and Israel had walked in my ways, (mark now what would have followed) I should soon have subdued their Enemies, and turned my hand against their Adversary's.  
II. To have him with us, and to 
2 Cro. 13 12.  fight for us; Abijah said, behold, God himself is with us for our Captain: And it was Hezekiah his comfort, 
2 Cro. 32. 8  with us is the Lord our God to help us, and to fight our battles; 
Exo. 14. 14  Fear not, stand still, saith Moses to Israel; and why? For the Lord, saith 
Deut. 20 4  he, shall fight for you: He goeth with you against your enemies to save you: when God went out before David against the Philistims he smote their host and subdued them.  
Oh but it will be demanded, How 
● Cro. 14. 23 36.  may we have God with us, to fight for us, and give us victory?  
Surely if 1. the war be of God, 〈◊〉 and warrantable: in this war he 
2 Cro. 5. 20.  helped the Reubenites, and other Tribes, and cast down their enemies. 2. That it be taken in hand with good advice, and be established 
Pro: 20: 18  by counsel. 3. That such a holy preparation be made, and such duties performed, as before is set down in the last chapter; for such prospered. 4. That they rest upon God, trust in him, rely upon him, and go out in 
1 Cro: 5: 20 2 Cro: 14. 11. & 16. 8 & 13. Heb: 11. 33  his name against the enemy; for who ever trusted in God and were confounded? It's said that by faith the valiant subdued Kingdoms; So much is ascribed to confidence in God. To this, and for resting upon God the Scripture ascribeth the happy success of Asa, of Abijah, of the Reubenites, and other, against their many and mighty Enemies.  
But if men will needs go to war, and God not with them, the war , the attempt rash, as in the Israelites, 
Deut: 1. 42  in Amaziah, yea and in losias; the wicked sons of Eli in the 
2 Cro: 25. & 35.  host, drunken, whoring, profane Priest, sacrilegious Achan unpunished for his sacrilege; and no pious preparation unto so weighty a work, wherein so many thousand lives do lie at the stake; But open profaneness, b●asting of our own strength, vaunting of our valour, resting on the General's wisdom, the courage of Captains, disesteem of the Enemy, as Benhadad did of Ahabs' army; to go poorly provided with small provision, with a Company of raw and unexperienced fellows, but ripe enough in wickedness, without order, without government, what good success can be looked for? How can God go out with such rebels against him, seeing he hateth iniquity, and abhorreth presumptuous Transgrellours.  
If good grounds be laid as aforenamed, then may an host go forward with good courage; but yet before the force of Arms and hostility be showed, God (who hates unnecessary bloodshed, and abhorreth men of violence) commanded Israel 
Ps. 5. 6. Deut 20. 10 2 Sam. 10. 18, 19  to offer peace first; for it may be the matter may be ended without bloodshed: The Israelites before they went against 〈◊〉 and Benjamin, sent to have the sons of Belial delivered to them to be punished, if they could have obtained it. jephtah before the war began sent messengers again 
Iud: 20. 12 13. Iud: 11.  and again to the King of the Ammonites to prevent bloodshed, if it could have been prevented.  
In ancient time those that first began war used to speak before they did strike, and shown the cause of 
1 Mach: 6, 48.  their taking up arms. Machabeus desired passage through Echron first. Caesar minding to assail Ariovistus, 
Lib. de Bello Gal. 1.  sent him a defiance aforehand; the Lord himself in●eading to punish rebellious mankind, alludeth to this course, and acquainteth them with his determination, to come against them; and therefore he speaketh as a man of war, commanding to blow the Cornet in Gibeah, and the 
Hosea 5. 8.  Trumpet in Ramah, and to cry aloud at Bethaven. Because the A 
Exod. 17. 8  malekites came stealing upon Israel, to fight with them, the Lord revenged 
Deut: 25. 17, 18.  it severely upon them, and would have a book of remembrance written against them, to have war with them for ever.  
It's wisdom to demand right, and to propound conelusions of peace, with a prepared host. Thus proceeded Israel against Benjamin, & jeptah against Ammon; for if so, peace take place, it is well, if not, the party wilful may consider what he certainly may expect: yet in honestly intending peace, take heed of circumvention, in dealing with a dishonest and subtle Adversary, who under shows of treaties of peace intendeth nothing less, as did Scipio with Syphax, and Metellus with jugurth, 
Liv. 29.  and the false hearted Spaniard 
Sallust.  with the upright minded Queen Elizabeth. By his treaties he only sought to make her secure, and to distrust nothing, till he had suddenly invaded her land; He that eateth with such a devil had need of a long spoon: while plaine-meaning Abiiah was speaking honestly to jeroboam, he craftily laid an Ambush in the mean space, for to overthrow him; whence note, that an idolatrous Politician, is a very Machivilian, and not to be trusted. He that upon policy frameth his religion, and maketh that a cloak, for getting and keeping an earthly state, he is no more to be trusted then a devil.   

CHAPTER. XX. Of marching forward and encamping.  
WHen peaceable means cannot prevail, but that the cause must needs be tried by the dint of sword, then must be considered and care had of marching on. The Lord himself set an order in going forward▪ and in marching to his people: first, he himself went before them in a cloud by day, and a pillar of fire by night, to 
Exo: 13. 21  lead their way: but when the enemy with a mighty host was behind them, than the Lord got himself between his people and the Egyptians, to overthrow them; for as a General he cared for the safety of his Army which he had brought out of 
Exo. 14. 19 24. Deu. 20. 9 Num. 2. 34 with verse 2 Num. 2. 17. joel 2. 7, 8. Chro: 12. 33. 3. 5. See the margin. Deut. 25. 18.  Egypt with a powerful hand. 2. He appointed that Captains chosen should lead the people. 3. That the people should set forward every one after their families according to the houses of their fathers with the Ensign thereof, the clo●d being taken up. 4. Before they marched the trum pets sounded, and in marching they kept rank, observing order; the weakest went hindermost. The Heathen also did see to this: They could march every one in his way, not breaking ranks, not thrusting one another, but every one walking in his path; so they kept an equal distance from one another; If they be too ne●re they are trouble some to themselves that they cannot use their weapons; if too far asunder they make way for the Enemy to break in upon them; disorderly marching may not be endured. Scipio corrected 
Flor exi▪ Liv. 58. & 34.  such as he espied out of rank; so did Cato, who would strike them with his leading staff, and commanded the Captains to chastise them.  
In going on, spies were wont to be sent forth before, to discover the 
1 Sam: ●3. 22, 23.  Enemy; This did Saul when he went against David; Ios●a sent spies into 
Ios: 2. 1. 9  the land before him to know how the people were affected. For to hear of fear and terror in the Enemy is a great heartening to go forward. This whetted on Godeon to set 
Iud: 7, 10, ●1, 13  upon the Midianites, and much strengthened his heart. This sending forth or going to learn somewhat from the enemy, was commanded Gideon by God himself. So David sent out spies to understand what 
● Sa: 26. 4 1 Mach: 5: 38: & 12: 20  Saul did. And Machabeus sent spies into the host of the Enemies, and so did jonathan. It's wisdom to have some with the Enemy to discover his purposes and designments, if it may be, as David had Hushai with Absolom, and men secretly in jerusalem to bring him news. Gabrias the Athenian 
Pluto. Apotheg: Liv: 122  Captain said, that he deserved no then me of a General, that understood not the estate of his Enemies. Livy reporteth that Hannibal understood what was done in the Enemy's Camp, as well as they, partly by espials sent into the Camp, and partly by his own diligence. God 
2 K. 6. 9  himself sometime by his Prophet did extraordinarily reveal the secret counsel of the Syrian unto the King of Israel to prevent mischiefs. From God and man Generals are taught to learn, and see, and understand what their Enemies do.  
When they march and do secure themselves from ambushments, and dangerous passages, they must consider 
2 K 6. 8.  well where to encamp; as the Syrian King did warring with Israel. The encamping of Israel by the Lord's direction was foursquare; and the Tabernacle in the midst with Priests 
Num: 2.  and Levites to attend their office. There were four standards pitched; the first of judah Eastward, the second▪ of Reuben Southward, the third of Ephraim Westward, and the fourth of Dan Northward. To every of these belonged two Tribes; so as three Tribes was under one standard, and the whole host of all three numbered together; Then were there ensigns, which were pitched also by the standards, which were the ensigns of their Father's houses: In marching 
Num: 10. 5, 6, 14, 18 22, 25.  they kept this order: 1. the East side went forward, and then the Southside, than the West, and then the North; before all which went the Ark, to search out a resting place for them; and when if set forward, or rested, a holy speech was uttered by Moses either time; this was the 
Num: 10 33. 36.  manner of encamping, and marching in the wilderness.  
But they had also another kind and form of entronching which was round, as appeareth by the manner of speech according to Innius and Tremelius translation; David is said 
● Sa: 17. 20  to come, ambitu plaustrorum: so asthey lay it may seem entrenched round with carts. They had a care to lodge safely by entrenching themselves. Gorgias camp was strong 
2 Mach. 4. ●.  compassed about with expere horsemen. This Caesar had special care of, he would not neglect this work at any hand, nor be deterred by his 
Bel. Gal. 2. Civ. 1. Liv. 27.  enemies, sending to offer battle to hinder the same. Fulvius the Proconsul neglecting this was suddenly set upon by Hannibal, and overthrown and all his company. So was Lod●wike Nassa brother to the Prince of Orange slain, and most 
Anno 1568  of his company, through idleness, and want of skill withal, to entrench well themselves. In Israel the General was ever in the Camp. Saul was always in the Camp; so was Moses, and josua, joab in the 
2 Sam: 11 11. 1 Mach. 4. 4.  host, and Gorgias in his Campe. Heroical hearts should disdain to follow pleasure, though lawful, when they should be in the field; this contempt of pleasure was in Vriah, one of David's Worthies, because the General and the host lay in their Tents.  
They did encamp in as convenient 
Num: 21. Exod: 15. 27. & 16. 12. 15 1 Sa: 29. ● jud. 7. 1.  places as they could, by wells of water, and tr●es, as Israelites did, and as did the Philistims by a fountain; 〈◊〉 by the well of Harad; and Timotheus the wicked Heathen, and jonathan at the water of Gennesar, 
1 Mach: 5. 37. & 11. 67. Exod: 18. 6 & 19 2. 1 Sa: 26. 3. & 28 4. & 31. 1. Nu: 21. 12. & 22. 1. Deut: 10 7 Iudg: 6: 33. & 7. 8. 1 Chro: 11. 15:  upon or by a hill or mountain, as Moses with Israel did; and Saul upon Hachilah, and on Mount Gilboah. Also in valleys and plains, as Israelites did in the valley of Zared, and in the plains of Moab near jordan: and in jothah a land of rivers of water. The host of Midian pitched in the valley of jezreel, and the Philistims in the valley of Rephaim, which a strong host may dare to do.  
Wheresoever they encamped, they 
Iud: 7. 8 2 K: 7, 7 1 Mach. 9: 2 & 4. 20 Iudg: 7, 11 2 K: 7: 8: 10 1 Mach: 4: 23  had their tents to lie in, every one had his tent; not only Israelites in their own land, but also the Heathen: so had the Syrians, and Dem●trius host under Bachides and the lewd Aleimus and others. And in these tents they lay by ranks▪ by which they tied their horses and Asses, and in which they laid up their victuals, treasure, and such things as they had; For in them were found gold, silver, raiment, blue, silk, purple and great riches.  
Before they remooved there was 
Ios: 1. 10, 11. & 3: 2, 3, 4 Iud: 7: 19 1 Mach: 12 27.  warning given throughout the whole host, and it was told them what they should do. Till they remooved they set diligent watch, and carefully keep it, especially when they thought an enemy ready to set upon them.   

CHAPTER. XXI. Of ordering an host in drawing near to the Enemy, and what is else to be done, and considered of before the coming of the battle.  
DAvid sending out an Army to subdue his proud rebellious son Absolom, divided the whole host into 3. 
2 Sa. 18. 2.  parts, and set principal Commanders over the same. joab over one, Abishai over the other, and Ittai over the third. So did judas divide his Army into three Companies 
1 Mach 5. 33. 2 Mach: 8. 21.  and sometimes into four parts. Against Cendebeus, he divided his men, and set his horse in the midst of the foot; because the Enemy's horse were very many. Bachides in his battle against judas, divided his horse into two troops, and put his slingers 
Ca 16. 7.  and Archers before the host, and in the forward were all the mighty men, and Bachides himself in the right wing. Wise and experienced 
1 Mach: 9 11, 12.  Commanders, know how to order and embattle their men. The Enemy, the place; the occasion offered are in this matter seriously to be weighed; Hanuibal ordered his Army, some time one way, and sometime 
Liv: 30. & 31. & 23. 29.  another as reason led him; And so did the Romans, Caesar and others. Saul set his battle in array against the Philistims, but the manner how is not ●et down. 
1 Sa●● 7. 2. 23.   
Before the joining of battle foresight and great wisdom is required. For 1. here lieth at stake the precious lives of men. 2. These ●●● error may bring great damage. 3. The due commendarions of all former preparations, deliberations, and wary proceed, is here retained or lost. 4. The victory procureth renown, and causeth triumph and joy. 5. But the overthrow bringeth sorrow, disgrace, and the prisoners taken captive, to be at their enemies will; the very conceit whereof in some, hath been so contrary to their minds, as they rather have desired death then to fall into an enemy's hand. This made Saul to kill himself, which he did (saith josephus) 
In the wars of the jews  because he was a faint-hearted coward. Zi●ri did burn his palace over his own head. And Razis acted 
2 Mach: 14. 42. 46.  a desperate part upon this ground. In Numantia, where 4000 soldiers, who held out ●4 years against many thousand Romans; yet wearied at length they resolved upon a strange, and desperate end, which was to gather all their Arms, moneys and goods together, and to set them on fire, and to bury themselves in the flame, that so Scipio might not have any of them captives to triumph over. This maketh many stout courages in battle desperate, to fight like Lions, and will not yield till the fatal wound come, and they be deprived of life.  
Great consideration therefore must be had before a General put all to hazard. 1. Of his own number and strength, and then of his Enemies. 2. Of the quality and condition of his soldiers, whether young and raw, or old and experienced; for it's not number, but valour and skill which chief prevaileth. 3. Of their fitness to fight, if it be after travel, when they be hungry, thirst, and 
Liv. 44.  weary, perhaps against fresh, lively, and a well prepared Enemy.  
Aemilius would not charge upon 
Xen●ph: in exped. Cyr.  Perseus in Macedonia, because of his soldier's unfitness by travel, though they desired to fight, until the next day. Clearchus would not set upon his enemy, because he perceived his soldiers to be saint and hungry. Therefore the Romans before they 
Liv: 28, 21  entered battle refreshed well their men with victuals, and rest, as Vespasian did when he encamped about 
Wars of the jews.  jorpata where in josephus was. So Hannibal would have his men dine well, to lie warm, and take rest before they fought with the Romans at Trebia; Such commonly as have fought when their Army was wearied with travel for want of ●est, or faint for food, have miserably perished. As did Hasdrubals army at Metaurus, and so the Gauls 
Historia de troubls. de Fra. l. 13.  by the Romans. Puigall●re his men were cut off by La Nove, when he would needs set upon the Protestants after two days and nights continual march. 4. The General is to consider, whether fear possess the hearts of his soldiers: It's 
Liv: 26. 37.  a great hindrance to the victory: It's threatened as a punishment; fainting of heart seized upon the Canaanites, 
Ios: 2. 9 24.  and gave courage and assurance of victory to josua. A trembling through fear is a sign of destruction. We never read of saul's daunt of spirit, and fearfulness in 
1 Sa: 28. 5:  all his many battles, but only before the last, in which he and his were overthrown; then it's said, that he was afraid, and his heart greatly trembled. Some fear may possess the heart of a Commander sometime, but a sudden and unwonted fear in a General as Saul, is an ill token, as it was in one of the Kings of Hungary, when he put on his helmet to go against the great Turk: In which battle he lost his life, and the chief City of the Kingdom; A great fear over a whole host at the sight of the Enemy, foretelleth their overthrow, as it happened with the host of Timotheus consisting of 120000 foot and 2500 horse at the sight of judas 
2 Mach: 12 20, 22.  with a handful: and as it happened to the Army of Sigismond upon which fell a panic fear, when Zisca was but coming near. Till fear was removed Caesar would not set forward against Ariovistus and the Germans. judas Machibeus would needs fight, when many of his company was in fear, and conveyed themselues out of the host, but it cost him his life. 
1 Mach: 9 6. 10, 18.   
Therefore to prevent or remove fear the Lord himself spoke to his Generals, exhorting them not to fear to Moses, to josua, to Gideon, yea he sent his Prophet sometime to encourage 
Deut: 3, 2 Ios: 1: 8. & 10: 8: & 11 6. Iud: 6: 4: 2 Cro: 20: Deut: 20: 3, 4:  them; and appointed a sermon or set speech for the Priests to deliver before the host went out. Hence it was that Kings made Orations to their Captains and Soldiers, and so did other Generals. Histories humane are full of them, and very many speech's are recorded in the Bible, the scope whereof was to remove fear, & to encourage them to fight. In Exod. 14. 13, 14. is Moses speech. In Deu. 20. 2, 3, 4▪ the priests: in jud. 3. 28. ehud's: in chap. 5. 14. Deborahs': in chap. 7. 15, 18. gideon's: in 2 Sam. 10. 12. 1 Chro. 19 13. joabs': in 2 Chro. 20. 15. 17. 20. jehaziel and jehosephats'; in Esai. 7. 4. Esaiahs; in 2 Chro. 32. 7, 8. hezekiah's: in 1 Mach 3. 18. 22. & 4. 8. 11. & 2 Mach. 8. 16. & 9 44. & 11. 7. & 13. 14. & 15. 8▪ 10. Iu●as Machabeus his orations: in 1 Mach 9 44. jonathans': in ca 13. 3. Simons. Out of which may be gathered good matter for a General to speak unto his soldiers.   

CHAP. XXII. Of many things to further the success in the battle.  
THere are no● a few things which may greatly help to gain the day, if men must fight: but if thou darest not, then wisely prevent it, or if the enemy will fly, give him leave; King john of France found the mischief in forcing the black Prince to fight; and so Charles the fift lost his army by intercepting our Henry the fift. Hereupon Themistocles would 〈◊〉 permit the Grecians to break the bridge over Hollespent, which Xerxes caused to be made, lest the enemy having a desire not to fight, might want a means to retire back, and so be forced to fight against their wills, which will make Cowards valiant.  
But if it be resolutely determined upon to fight. I. Foresee the secret traps laid, and ambushments, which may in the fight suddenly come upon the soldiers when they 
1 Mach, 10 79. 80. & 11-68, 60:  be fight. This jonathan foresaw, and so got the day, though at another time not wary enough, his host was scattered by an Ambush. Hannibal by such a subtlety overthrew the Romans at Trebia, and Thrasament bake, and was hereby much helped in the battle at Cannae.  
II. Not to trust too much upon Associates, lest they fail as the Celtiberians did the Scipio●s in Spain, and the Albans, Tullius Hostilius. The Switzers which came in the aid of Lewis Sforza sold them to his enemy Lewis the twelfth: secondly, do not trust fugitives from the enemies; for two Spaniards in the wars against the Venetians feigned themselves fugitives with intent to kill the General of the Venetians called Alvia, as before is noted. And 500 Numidian Horsemen at the first encounter between the Romans and Hannibal, left Hannibal and fled to the Romans, leapt from their horses, threw away their apparent weapons and humbled themselves at the feet of the Romans, who gave them credit and entertainment: but these not now mistrusted having weapons secretly, when the Romans were busy in fight, came upon them behind unexpected, and so mightily furthered Hannibal to get the victory at Cannae. Lastly, trust not such as may justly be suspected, the Lords of the Philistims had learned this, and therefore would at ●o hand admit 
1 Ch. 12. 19  of David, and his company, to go into battle with them against Israel.  
III. To strive for advantages as much as may be, as 1. of the place; the Syrians imputed much to the 
● K. 20.  place, making a great difference between the hills and the valleys; our victory at Newport was much holden by the benefit of the place: secondly, of the wind behind them, as it was to Hannibal's host at Cannae, but on the faces of the Romans, which being Southeast and somewhat strong carried the dust into the eyes of the Romans, and so did them much hurt. By the wind God helped Theodosius against the Tyrant Maximus: thirdly, get advantage of the Sun, if it be hot, and shining forth, it is hurtful to those that have it upon 
Theod. hist. E●cl. Liv. 35  their faces; it fainted the Gauls fight with the Romans. Fourthly, take advantage of the discord when it happeneth between Commanders and Captains in the Enemy's camp. By this the Aequians prevailed against the Romans, This overthrew 
Liv. 4. Thucid 6. Sl●idan.  the Athenian Army in Sicily: this gave the victory to Charles the fift over the Protestants, when the Duke of Saxony, and the Lansgrave of Hessen could not agree. Through dissension of Captains, the French lost Naples, and Amurathes the Turk got Nicopolis thorough the discord of the French and Hungarian Captains. Fiftly, make advantage of the Army parted, or 
1 Mach: 4. 1. 4.  not the whole met together; This advantage judas Machabeus took at Gorgius coming out from his camp. So the Romans set upon Asdubal to prevent his joining with Hannibal in Italy. Sixtly, when the enemy is out of order: seventhly, when he is setting his men in array: Eightly, in the time of encamping, then to let upon them as many wise Commanders have done; These and such like advantages are to be observed, taken, and wisely pursued.  
iv To use stratagems, so did 
Ios. 8. 2 K: 3. 22, 23.  josua; yea the Lord himself wrought so a work miraculously, as the host of Israel was refreshed thereby, and the enemy strongly deceived, by the sunshine upon the water: by stratagems Hannibal and Scanderbag prevailed mightily, for inventing whereof they both were very subtle. But stratagems must be such as are not to the breach of oath, against godliness, against the law of nature and nations.  
V To use means to make the enemy secure, that so they may be surprised upon a sudden. Thus those of jabesh Gilead did with Nahash 
1 Sam. 11. 3. 10.  the king of the Ammonites, till Saul came suddenly upon them, and utterly discomfited them.  
VI To use good expedition, and suddenly to come upon an enemy, as Saul did upon Nabash, josua, upon 
1 Sam. 11. los. 10. 9 & 11. 7. 2 Mach: 4: 1, 2. 2 Mach: 13: 1.  the five Kings besieging Gibeon; and so upon four Kings at an other time. By this sudden rushing upon judas, Gorgius hoped to have prevailed, but was prevented. But judas by a sudden coming before day into the camp of Antiochus Eupater which consisted of an 110. thousand foot, of horse, 5300, Elephants 22, & 30 Charets armed with hooks, he went to the Kings Tent. and with his company slew 4000, men, and the chiefest of the Elephants, and so filled the camp with fear and tumult, returned with good success; Hannibal speedy coming from far upon Flaccus, overthrew him at Herdonea. Sylanus by this 
Liv: 26. 27  means chief vanquished his enemies in Spain.  
VII. To be all of one heart, for God, for their King and Country, and the safety of the whole host, and so of themselves, faithfully endeavouring to perform the trust committed 
jud. 20. 21. 8, 11. 1 Sa, 11. 7.  to them, every one in their place, to the helping of one another for obtaining the victory. The great host of 400000 Israelites were gathered together as one man, and were knit together as one. Israel came out to go with Saul against Nahash, 
jos 2. 9 2 Sam. 10.  with one consent, as one man. The Canaanitish Kings and several Nations of them could join together as one, with one accord to fight against josua, joab, and Abishai consented to succour one another are need should require. We never read that the Commanders iy Israel were at odds to hinder the good counsel of one another, but agreed as one man against their enemies. Of discord and the mischiefs thereof, you have heard before. The jews, though their leader jonathan was traitorously slain, taken in a trap, by the false dissembling Tryphon, yet they encouraged 
1 Mac: 12. 50. 2 Mac. 9, 10.  one another, and went close together to fight, being of judas mind rather to die manfully for their brethren, then to stain their honour.  
VIII. To have a watchword, as 
2 Mac 8. 23 & 13, 15.  judas gave his bands, The help of God, and at another time, victory is of God.  
Lastly, be sure of a place of retreat for the wearied, to refresh themselves Hannibal even in Africa, neglecting this, was overthrown by Scipio.   

CHAP. XXIII. Of such lets and impediments, as are to be avoided and prevented, which may either overthrow the attempt, or hinder the success.  
AS there are many furtherances of good enterprises, so there may be not a few hindrances of the same, which are carefully to be taken heed of and prevented.  
I. And chief take heed of sin and rebellion against God. This God warned his people of, when they went to war, when the host 
Deu. 23: 9  goeth forth against the enemy, then keep thee from every evil thing saith the Lord. Such sins as before 
Ier: 10. 2.  in Chap. 15, are recorded; as also beware here of all heathenish fears, superstitious observations of days lucky and unlucky, of the flying and crying of birds, beware of divinations, enchantments and charms; abhor Wizard's, Figure-casters, Soothsayers, Sorcerers, Fortune-tellers, Stargazers, Astrologers, Prognosticatours, Interpreters of good and ill success by casual accidents: wear no superstitions vanities, 
Deut: 18. 10, 11, 12.  aa conceited hallowed crosses, Annulets, and such like heathenish trumperies. For God hath straight forbidden all these abominations; they are the practices of the Heathen Idolaters. All such as use them, are 
Esa: 19 3, 4. & 47: 12, 13 & 8. 9 Eze. 21. 21  abomination to the Lord, saith Moses: And he hath punished it in the practisers. Saul sought to a Witch; but did not he then thrive the 
Deu. 18. 12. 1 Sa: 28. 3. & 31, 3. 1 Ch. 10. 13.  worse? did it not then cost him his life? Pompey by consulting with wizards, made way for his overthrow, for Caesar despising such things, made use of his enemies superstitious fears and came upon them at such times; what got Inulia the Apostate, or Richard the third of England, or james the third of Scotland, by taking advise of witches and wizards, and following their counsels? Certain jews in Machabeus his host, hoped by some superstitious vanities 
2 Mac. 12. 4.  which they wore under their garments secretly, to have avoided death: but they were deceived, they died in battle. ● In the year 1502. when the French went against Geneva some of them had gotten charmed Annulets about their necks to save them, but their trust deceived them, for they were found dead in the field. Scipio though a Heathen man, of whom you have before heard, he banished Diviners, and Figure-flingers out of his camp, and when he landed in Africa, it was his hap, as soon as he came on shore, that he slipped and fell forward on the ground, which his company held to be ominous, and a sign of ill luck, but he turned it another way, and willed them to be merry, because he had thereby taken possession of the country.  
II. Great care must be had, to prevent all discord in the whole host, especially between Commanders, and to effect this the spirit of pride, envy, vainglory, boasting, wrath, secret grudge, and whatsoever else may cause dissension, must be utterly laid aside: every one being ready to hear one another, to be counselled one of another good; and no man to think himself at this time his own; but now his countries; but now the causes for which the war is undertaken: not now to do after his own will, but what sound reason, true religion, the honour of his King, the necessity and fitness of time and place, and the authority of the General upon deliberate: advice and counsel requireth. Singular was the praise of unity 
1 Mac: 8. 14, 15, 16.  among the Roman Senators in the days of the Maccabees; For though there were 320 which sat in counsel, yet was there neither envy nor nor emulation among them; nor any one in pride overtopping another, but all consulted for the general good, and prospered. But after through Caesar's pride, and the evils that happened through civil dissension, the Empire grew weak, and at length was overthrown. It's an old saying, Vi● unita fortior, at parts in plures secta peribit, of which many examples are given before.  
III. To prevent danger of death to the General to have care of his life, for the head cut off, the body is but a trunk. Ahad rashly going into the host to fight was wounded to death, and so the people left the field 
1 Mach. 7: 43, 44. ●  and went home; Absolom slain, the host was scattered; when Nicanor was cut off, presently his host cast away their weapons and fled. On the General the life and motion of the Army dependeth. For David's worthies 
2 Sa. 18. 3.  had special care of his safetle; sometimes not to let him go into the field, holding him to be worth 10000 of them, and if he did go into battle and was in danger, rather 
● Sa 21. 16, 17.  than he should be slain, Abishai will step between death and him: so precious was the life of a General among the Romans, that when Q. Petili●s the Consul was slain in fight against the Ligures, the Senate decreed 
Front. li. 4: ca 7. ●  that the legion in whose front he was slain, should have no annuary stipend, and there arms should be broken.  
iv To beware of conceit of strength with contempt▪ of the enemy, such seldom or never prosper: 
1 K. 20. 2 Mac. 11. 4, 11, 12. & 12, 13, 16.  this overthrew Benhadad, also Lysias going against judas, and this brought the Citizens of Caspis to confusion. Antiochus E●pater, though he had a dreadful Army, yet through light reckoning of his enemies & haughtiness of mind in his own strength, had ill success. The insolency of Senacherib, 
● Mac. 13, 12, 9, 15, 16.  his blasphemy against God, and base esteem of Hezek●ah was punished by God from heaven.  
V. Not to be provoked to fight by any instigation of a subtle enemy, for he surely knoweth his own advantages, as Themistocles did; who incited 
Plutarch de Themist:  the Persian by his son's Tutor, called Sicinus, under the show of secret friendship, to come and hem in the Grecians, as fearful, ready to run away, which he, which he accepted of v●aduisedly, and so was overthrown at Salanus. But if a heady, and proud enemy puffed up vainegloriously will needs ptovoke, as Apollonius 
1 Mac. 10. 69: 82.  Demetri●s his General did, jonathan may wisely encounter him, and humble his pride with his overthrow, as did also Hannibal proud Flaminius.  
VI Not to be circumvented by 
See exam: for some of these in Dr: Succl: his hook of wars: ca 14. of Stratagems  slights and policies of the Enemy, by false rumours of more succours coming to them, by feigned refait, or counterfeit, flying away, by seeming to intent some other course, by feigning sickness, by pretences of fear, by colour of secret friendship, by treaties of peace, by vain shows, by false fugitives; by secret intelligen. geneers, and such like, which Scipio and other Romans, and Harnibal also 
1 Mac. 1. 10. 27. 2 Mac. 14. 22. 1 Mac. 12. 43, 46. & 13. 23.  practised: Bachides and Nicanor used deceits; and under show of friendship sought to have betrayed judas, but he was ware of them, and also stood upon his guard: but honest jonathan was overtaken by Tryphons subtlety, in feigned love, and slain.  
VII. To take heed of an hired Ishmael, 
jer. 40: 14. 2 Mac. 13 24.  by whom good Gedaliah was cruelly and traitorously murdered: so also beware of having any Rhodocus that giveth secret intelligence to the enemy.  
Lastly, make no delay upon good resolved grounds to execute design: ments, for nothing is more hurtful than delays, when advantage is offered and necessity calleth on. josua made no delay to help the Gibeonites, nor Saul jabesh Gil●ad. And David upon Bichri his rebellion. held 
2 Sa. 20▪ 6: B●●. Gal: 2. 7  delay very dangerous. C●sar his expedition prevented the Belgians in their conspiracy, so did it the French at another time by his speedy coming among them. On the contrary, the Romans delaying to prevent Hannibal's coming into Italy, made them feel the misery of their ●olly and slackness▪ 16 years together afterwards▪ To lose fair advantages, which are not always offered, may bring great loss to themselves, which being taken might press down an Enemy. Delay is a traitor to opportunity: and such as either of purpose, or of carelessness, or persuasions of others, do make delays, may be blamed much, and judged sometime the saleman of prosperous success, and purchasers of much loss and sorrow. All these things are to be carefully avoided, if we desire to thrive in our attempts.   

CHAP. XXIV. Of going forth▪ and joining battle.  
AT the present going forward to charge the 
2 Changed 13, 14. Num. 10. 9 jud. 7. 2 Chr. 13: 1 Mach. 4. 13. & 5. 31 & 7, 45. 2 Sa. 2. 28, & 20: 22.  trumpets did sound. This by God was appointed the only instrument; and these they used in on sets, as did Gideon, Abiiah, Machabeus in the time of the battle; in pursuit of the flying enemies, and in a retreat to call back from pursuing. The Heathen Romans also used trumpets; but some other Nations, as the Indians used Cymbals and Drums; The Saracens drums, the Lacedemodians, the flute and trumpet, the Cretans the harp.  
Besides the trumpet, they used their voices, as shouting in the very sight of the Enemy, and first charge, uttering words sometime, as the host of Gideon did, saying, The 
1 Sa: 17: 20. & 4, 5: 2 Ch. 13. 15:  sword of the Lord and Gideon. They did shout at the rooting of the enemy, and when they thought the enemy was come into their hands. Thus the Philistims shouted when Samson 
1 Sa: 17: 5. 2  was brought bound to them: and 
Wars of the jews. Iud: 15. 14 2 Mac: 15, 26.  the Romans when they saw josephus taken taken and brought prisoner into their sight. In the onset they also cried with prayers for help unto the Lord, when the Trumpets sounded. When they went towards the Enemy before they came to charge they would sing Psalms, till they came near him, as jehosophat 
2 Chr. 13. 14. 1 Mac. 4. 13, & 5: 33 2 Changed 20.  did, and judah with: him, yea the Heathen used to go forward with trumpets and songs. And lest this might seem a mockery of a too over religious jehosophat, who was foretold that he needed not to fight, and therefore might well sing, or that it might be judged an act of an addleheaded Nicanor not to be regarded, 
2 Mac: 15. 25.  the renownest Lacedæmonians used it, the King after a sacrifice offered, commanded all his army to crown their heads; and the flutes to sound the measure of Castor, than he the King himself, began the Paean, a song proper to Apollo, and so 
Cap. B'ing. on Elians Tactics. pa. 70.  went they on, as one keeping measure in a stayed pace cheerfully, and without astonishment.  
It is to be observed, that josua in all his Battles, gave the first charge, and so did Saul, David, and joab his General. It was the use of the Romans commonly to begin the battle, as doth appear in the wars of 
Hist. of the troub. of France.  Caesar in France, and Scipio in Spain, and one noteth it of the Protestants in France, that they always prevailed more, charging first the Enemy, then abiding to be charged: which course 
Dr. S●ctel. his book pa. 177. ca 22.  as one saith, is the best, if there be a resolution to fight. It argueth in those that begin the more courage; They may the more easily take the advantages before mentioned, and set upon ●he Enemy, where he is weakest; yet this first charging must ever be considered thus, as that the army be able to wage battle with the Enemy, else by first charging, they may justly be charged with folly, and pay well for their rashness.   

CHAP. XXV: Of that ' which os to be done in fight.  
THe people of God in their fight, had mind of God, so as while they 
1 Changed 5: 20. 2 Mac. 15. 27.  struck him with hands, they prayed to him in their hearts, and trusted on him, and so procured a blessing upon their encounter. They had care to understand the mind and pleasure of their General, whether manifested 
Ios. 8. 18, 19  by words or signs. Thus those that were in ambush against Ai, observed 
jos; 4. 7-8.  josua his stretching out of his spear, understood his meaning, and speedily executed his will. For they remembered his instruction, and charge before given to them, being 
Ca 6. 10, 11, 16, 20,  ever obedient to him, doing as he would have them, as he himself did, what God commanded him. In the 
2 Mac: 12 50. 2 Sa. 10. 11  fight they encouraged one another, and kept close together, and were ready to help one another, as need should require. Here I think it not amiss to bring in the words of the Apostle spiritually intended, but fetched from warfare, and the duty of Captains and soldiers in the battle against their enemies, which (omitting the Apostles scope) I will handle it after the letter very fitly to this my purpose in hand. The Apostle 1 Cor. 16. 13. setteth down four 
1 Cor. 16. 13.  duties of soldiers there expressed.  
I. Is to watch, and this is 1. To observe and take the advantages given by the Enemy, but withal to see to ourselves, to beware of mistakes, lest we give them advantage, carefully taking heed to prevent this, or speedily to amend it, before the Enemy espy it, as wisely and quickly, as once Hannibal did.  
Secondly, to take heed of the signal, crier, trumpet, and the Commander for directions, the mind of the General may not be mistaken, as Lievienant Yakestey did General Vere at the battle at Newport. A good soldier must watch with the eye, attend with the ear, and obey with his whole mind.  
II. Duty is to stand fast. 1. To the justice of the cause, the King and Country. Secondly, to the General, and to fellow soldiers in the battle. The Athenians took an oath not to leave their fellows in the fight. Thirdly, to stand fast in this resolution, rather to die like men manfully, then to run away fearfulfully, or to yield cowardly, or which is worst of all, to fly to the Enemy, traitorously, Stukely, York, and others, Traitors, betrayers of our Country have been.  
III. Duty is quit themselves like men: which consisteth in these things. 1. In having the right use of reason for circumspect carriage for their own safeties, without amazedness through base and vain fear: By this present 
2 Sam. 21. 16, 17.  use of reason and circumspection did Abishai save David from Ishbi-be●ob the Giant. 2. In a quick and prompt alacrity of spirit manifested in a ready discharge of every action, in duty to be performed orderly and in due time and place; detesting sloth and negligence, and to beware of a confused distraction. joel commendeth the warriors which had a lively courage, 
joel 2. 8.  and were quick in execution of service And jeremy pronounceth a 
Ier: 48. 10.  curse upon such as do the work of the Lord in battle deceitfully or negligently 3. In a ma●like va●our, a heart not daunted in a present peril; being like to a vids Worthies, and 
2 Sam: 23. 1 Ch: 12. 8  like those of the Tribe of G●d men of might, skilful in Arms, and having faces like Lions; and not hearts like fearful hares.  
iv Duty is to be strong: This is not only to be understood of the body when men are lusty & strong, and well refreshed, as Hannibal's men were, before he fought with Sempranius the Consul at Trebia; but this is meant of the strength of the heart chief. Be strong, saith God, to josua, 
Ios: 1. 6.  and to show the meaning he addeth, Be of good courage; which is, not to be conquered in mind; but to hold out to the last. A brave spirit should be like Shammah, fight till the hand cleave to the sword; So that though 
2 Sam: 23. 13, 12.  the hand be wearied, yet the heart holdeth out, which may get the day, as it did our men in the battle at Newport.  
Such Soldiers and Captains as these are worth treasure, they that thus discharge their duty, are no mercenary and base fellows, commonly false and faithless; A few of the other are worth an host of these, that make pay booty, and spoil their only ends.   

CHAP. XXVI. Of the means how to have such as are valiant and of a good courage into the field.  
TO have such as in the former chapter are mentioned, men that will stand to it, and quit themselves like men, the way is,  
I. To choose such before hand as naturally be hardy, which show it in countenance, in use of manly exercises ●o which they be given, as leaping, wrestling, casting the bar, and such like: in their will and readiness to go into wars; In their well set bodies, though little men, and by their hard labour in some calling not without danger sometime, as workers in mines, and such like sort of men.  
II. Is train up such well in arms; for of such it seemeth by the History 
1 Ch: 12. 2 13. 33.  of their acts were David's Worthies. To be ignorant in arms is a great disheartening and discouragement.  
III. ●s whatsoever the Profane Esau, mocking Ishmael, and machavilian Atheist thinks, to have them religious: for in Scripture never any religious, but they were truly valian▪ If any sons of Belial say, that they find it not so, No marvel, for 〈…〉 is had of the choice of such▪ but of the riff, raff, and scum of the people▪ what religious man will g●e with these, if he may choose; 〈…〉 swearing and cursing are their prayers ●n their greatest dangers; whoring and drinking, carding and dicing their best exercises when they do nothing. O hosts of spirits and devils, and not of Christians! It's pity that any truly religious Cornelius, or pious Centurion, (and such there be) should be over them, or any fearing the name of God to be among such.  
iv Is as the Lord commanded Moses, to make proclamation, that if any be cowards, they should departed the Camp. Which rule Gideon followed; 
Iudg: 7. 3 1 Mach: 3 56.  and judas Machabeus; But perhaps some will say, this were the only way to send away most of the Army. Surely no: For if as before it is observed, such be chosen as are naturally hardy, acquainted with the use of Arms, be at least in appearance, religious, they will detest the name of cowards; yea the Proclamation would 
(Viderint quorum est de huiusmo. de rebus ●●dicare.)  make them put on a better resolution, then to take the benefit of departing, and be ever after branded for Cowards: & if any such departed, whom shame would not retain; better were their absence, than presence; For surely such would never fight with courage; and those shamelessly departing; good it should be, that an open brand of infamy should in their return home be put upon them, with sharp punishment.  
V Is when they are come abroad at the first to employ them in light services, where hope is to come off with some encouragements; and not to cast them into a desperate actions, of great hazard at the very entrance, except extreme necessity compel thereunto.  
VI Is to promise good rewards for well-doing, with due and faithful performance thereof; Thus the Lord of hosts encouraged his host promising them Canaan, lands, houses, Cities, 
Deut. 1. 31. 35. & 3 2. 2 Sam. 5. 8 1 Chro: 11 5.  and inheritance for them and theirs. David offered honour to such as would and could prevail against the jebusites, and he performed his word faithfully to joab. This did the Romans with their Soldiers; and therefore had very valiant men: For nothing more stirreth up valour, then due respect, and deserved rewards. Caesar so won, and tied fast to him 
De bell● civili, l. 3.  the hearts of Soldiers by bounty and liberality, as many revolted from his enemies to him, but none could be drawn from him to them. The Turks reward greatly worthy Captains, not regarding birth, but the quality of the party and his deserts: For one Och●ali a poor Mariner for his valour and good service was made Admiral of the Turks Navy. The Romans rewarded Horatius Cocles 
Liv: 2.  for repelling the Hetruscians with a statue of Marble, and with lands. Deci●s 
Liv. 7.  had a Crown of gold, and every soldier of double allowance, and double apparel, for his and their service. Scipio gave Coronets of gold to those that first mounted the walls 
Liv: 26  of new Carthage in Spain. If Generals and Captains were chosen not for Nobility, Gentry, friends, but for very worth in them, and soldiers well rewarded for their valour, we should not want Armies of valiant men.  
VII. And last is to punish cowardice, treachery, disobedience, mutinies, and other offences without partiality. The other, to wit reward, is not to be wanting, and this namely, due punishment is not to be neglected; For what the hope of reward in some base spirits cannot effect; yet the fear of this will work it in them. Fear made thousands with one consent to come unto Saul, to go against the 
1 Sa: 11. 7.  Ammonites: By these especial means men shall be made valiant.   

CHAP. XXVII. Of the means how to make the basest spirits and Cowards in battle to stand to it and if they do fly away, how to make some use thereof as some have wisely done.  
THough never so good choice be made, and means used, yet some will be found faint hearted, God and good men in the Bible, took no other course with them, but dismission: but if they be retained, the courses taken in former times by great Commanders were these.  
I. To hem them in, and environ them with the choicest troops, and so perforce to hold them to it.  
II. When they begin to shrink back to cut off some of the foremost for example to terrify the rest; ● Attilius 
Liv. 10.  by killing the first with his own hand, when his soldiers gave ground, made the rest to make head against the Enemy. The Roman General gave charge to his men, that whom 
Liv. 2.  they perceived Cowards, and to fly, to take them for enemies, and thereafter to deal with them. For indeed a Coward is a betrayer of his fellows and an incourager of the enemy, to get the victory.  
III. To take from them all hopes of help, though they should ru●● away. And this sometime did wise Commanders though they did not lead known or suspected Cowards. As General Vere did send away all the ships from shore at the battle at Newport. William the Conqueror, to make his to fight, and hope of no help but victory, landing here in England, he burned the ships that brought them over. So did Tariff the Moor entering into Spain. Charles Martell when he went to encounter the infinite host of the Saracens, commanded the City of Tours to keep the gates shut, and to open them no more but to the Victorers. The basest spirits have been made thus to stand to it: But if fear sometime cease upon better Spirits, as it hath done, than some rebuke may make them take heart, or fear of future shame; A speech and example of Caesar's valour withal in the last battle that ever he fought; which was with Pompey's sons in Spain, when his soldiers began to shrink encouraged them to a new onset, and so got the victory, only he said but this, Remember that at Munda they had forsaken their General. The courage and act of the Commander will quicken the spirit of such as have not lost all heart. judas Machabeus seeing his people fearful to 
1 Mach: 16 6.  pass a brook to the Enemy, led the way, and then they all followed. jonathan when his company fled from him, yet standing to it, and something prevailing made the runaways, to return and to pursue the Enemies. Lucius Sylla seeing the Legion to give to Archelaus the Commander of Mithridates forces, he drew his sword and made towards the battle; and said to his Soldiers, If any ask you for your Leader you may tell them, that you left him fight in Bo●sia: At which words they were strucken with shame, and went on to the Service. M. Furius Camillus seeing his Army slack to charge the Enemy, plucked the Ensign out of the hand of the bearer, and carrieth it himself upon the Enemy; which the Soldiers seeing with much shame set forward after him. Thus valiant Leaders have put courage into the hearts of their company; of which rank with the old and ancient Generals may be reckoned, the renowned ●o●ice, the redoubted Vere, and with these the never dying Sidney as one calleth them.  
Sometime traitorous spirits will dare in the face of the General to fly to the Enemy: whereof some wisely have made good use. When Lucius Lucellus saw the Macedonian horse flying to the Enemy, he presently caused an alarm to be given, and so sent out other after them; by which the enemy supposed the former to make the onset, and the followers to be ready to second them, whereupon the Enemy shot at the foremost, and the runaways seeing their course welcome before them, and the danger behind, fell in good earnest to fight with the Enemy, and so against their intended purpose, quit themselves as it were like honest men. So one Damates when he perceived some of his flying to the Enemy, presently did follow after, and cunningly falleth to commend their forwardness, that they would first charge the Enemy, which made them turn their minds, and to do otherwise then they intended, even to make indeed the first onset upon the enemy, clean contrary to their former purposes.  
To conclude this, if so be yet that fear happen, and that there be great insufficiency to fight with the Enemy, one way also withal be made to avoid the stroke, than it is best, not disorderly to fly, yet to make a fair retreat, or a secret flight as many Roman leaders have done, or openly to fly so it be orderly. Abner 
2 Sa: 2. 17 ●9.  after a sore battle did fly: That completely qualified Commander, General Norice, made a retreat at Ga●nt. To fly well, as one saith, is as praiseworthy, as to fight well. For nature, reason, and religion too, do concur in this, that in a manifest peril! to save life by lawful means, is no disgrace but a duty. And what is desperate hazard when there is no absolute necessity to compel thereto, but a foolehardnesse, a fleshing of a prevailing enemy, a loss of serviceable men, and discredit to the Commander, who cannot but herein have his wisdom questioned.  
But put case, men cannot possibly Quest. fly, neither in any humane reason be able to withstand the Enemy, what should then be done? To answer Answ. hereunto, there must be considered, the nature of the Enemy; whether true of his word, or false, whether merciful or cruel. Again, whether the conditions be honourable or base, in which respect death is better than life; for it may be, they may condition to renounce religion, or such a condition as the Ammonite offered to the 
1 Sa. 11. ●  men of jabesh, that so they might bring not only base shame upon the parties, but a reproach upon the whole nation; It's better to dye then to hearken to such conditionr, or to such as Benhadad propounded to Ahab, 
1 King. 20 6.  which made him adventure the battle, as also did our black Prince with the King of France, whom no reasonable conditions could satisfy: moreover it must be weighed whether any succour may in convenient time come, to help in such a straight as the men of jabesh did; furthermore, whether by adventuring life; yet the enemy may receive more loss by selling to them their deaths more dear, then by yielding and living they may profit-their country. These and such like considerations must be had before yielding: but if the enemy be faithful of his word, and merciful, the conditions reasonable, no hope remaining of help, and the adventuring to fight it out, in all likelihood to procure little hurt to the Enemy, in reason it is better to save life, then to lose it. Very valiant spirits have yielded sometimes without any disparagement unto them.   

CHAP. XXVIII. Of getting fully the victory, when the enemy is in part subdued.  
AN Enemy may seem to be overthrown when he is not: therefore to get a full victory,  
I. Beware that the Emies giving way and seeming to fly, be not a stratagem, as it was in the Israelites to the Beniamites; and josua with his company to the men of Ai, and Bethel; by which subtlety he did utterly overthrow them, when they were too confident of the victory. Scanderbag that Prince of Epirus, thus overcame Amose his kinsman that had fled from him, and brought against him 60000 Turks▪ from whom be seemed to fly, and for fear to leave his country; by which apparent flight so fare he made them secure; and so after certain days returned back upon them secredy, overthrew them, and took his traitorous kinsman prisoner.  
II. If the enemy be routed, then to pursue the victory as Abraham did in 
Gen: 14. Ios: 7. 25. & 8. 11, 12 1 Sam: 14. 22. 1 Mach. 10 49, 50. & 4 15. & 7. 45.  chase his enemies, Gideon the many and mighty Kings with their hosts; Saul the Philistims, king Alexander son to Antiochus Epiphanes king Demetri●s host; and as judas did Gorgias; and Nicanors host, Caesar obtaining the victory over the Helvetians so pursued them, as he left them not till all yielded; so having foiled Vercingetorix he followed him till he got into Alexia▪ Scipio vanquishing Asdrubal pursued him to the 
De Bel. Gal: l. 1. 7.  utmost coast of Spain, Hannibal in not pursuing his victory gotten at Cannae, lost Rome; he had skill to overcome, but wanted wisdom to use well the victory.  
III. Yet in the pursuit, 1. Beware it be not too heady, disorderly and scattered, least pursuers fall into Ambushments, or come to near some garrison, or give so advantage to the flying Enemy to fall on again, recover their losses, and become of Conquered suddenly Conquerors. Philopoemen charging the Enemy, that 
Liv: 35  too eagerly did chase his men, overthrew him. Carus the General of Segadans having overcome. Quintus Fulvius; yet by disorderly pursuing and too securely, lost his victory, was by the same Fulvius horsemen, charged suddenly, and so Carus himself killed, and six thousand more put to the sword; Gaston de fois having foiled the Enemy at Ravenna by advancing himself too fare, and ill followed, lost his life. Moses Scanderbegs General with other worthy Commanders by too forward pursuit 
Hist of Scanderbag  of the Turks were taken prisoners; And by Mahomet the merciless Tyrant were flayed alive, and that by little and little, for the space of 15. days together.  
Secondly, take heed of pursuing one part routed, that an other part of the enemy entire and strong remain not behind to follow the pursuers; This oversight cost worthy Mach●beus 
1 Mach: 8. 14. 18  his life.  
Thirdly, not to follow too late, joab followed Abner till night, and Alexander, 
2 Sam: 10. 49, 50. 1 Mach: 10. 49, 50  Demetri●s, but beware of darkness, it hideth many mischiefs, not to be foreseen, nor prevented.  
iv The Enemy once scattered is not to be suffered to recollect his forces: for thus Pyrrhus, that Noble Warrior, yet once herein overseen; lost his victory over Valerius Lavinus. The Carthaginians in Spain, after the deaths of the two Scipios; suffered the relics of the Romans to 
Liv: 24.  breath and gather head again, where hereby at length they were vanquished themselves▪ Alexamen●s having slain Na●●●, yet suffering the Euemy to gather head and to wax strong, was with all his company by them cut in pieces.  
V To abstain from spoil till the enemy be utterly vanquished, driven away, and they secure from peril. Of this judas forewarned his followers in chase enemy: which charge they 
1 Mach: 17. 23.  well observed. Hannibal lost a more full victory of the Romans at Trebia, because the Numidian horsemen hastened too soon to the spoil. The Dutch at Gunigast extorted the victory out of the hands of the French; which almost they had gotten, while they too hastily followed the spoil. The Italians at Taro had foiled the French, but that at the beginning 
Anno 1596  they fell to spoil the baggage. The Germans at the battle of Erlam in Hungary, having thrice defeated the Turks, were yet at last by untimely falling upon the spoil overthrown.  
Therefore jehoram King of Israel in the straight Siege of Samaria by the Syrians, when he heard that they were suddenly fled, and 
2 King. 7.  left grea● store of victual and treasure behind them (though the Inhabitants were almost all famished) yet did he withhold them from falling upon the spoil, till he certainly understood that he might with safety do so.  
VI Having gotten a full victory, and none seen to make head against them: yet it is good not to be over secure; as were the Amalekites, 
● Sam: 30.  when they had burned Ziglag, and carried away all the Inhabitants captive. For they being careless, eating, drinking, dancing, and not suspecting any pursuit after them so fare, were suddenly overcome by David. The Captives were rescued, the prey recovered, and all the Enemies almost slain, and so David returned with joy. Neither may they unadvisedly, while they be in their Enemy's Country, divide their army one part from another. This was the destruction of the Cimbri, who being together three hundred thousand, and having overthrown Manlius and Cepi●, two Consuls, Marius let them pass by his Camp quietly; but afterwards when for their easier march over the Alps, (they fearing no Enemy) divided themselves into three companies; he severally set upon them, and put them to the sword.   

CHAP. XXIX. Of using religiously the Victory.  
WHen God hath given us the victory, we should do as did the Lord's people in old times.  
They did see and acknowledge the 
2 Cro: 20, 26 2 Mach: 15 29 Gen: 14 20 Exod: 15. 2. 10. Ios: 10. 12. Iudg: 5. 4. & 15, 18  hand of God therein, and together blessed him for it; Melchisedech said to Abraham when he was returned with victory, Blessed be the most high Go●, who hath delivered thine enemies into thine hand. So did Moses ascribe all to God▪ likewise josua, Deborah, Samson, and David. And this their acknowledgement and thankfulness they expressed many ways; to show it to be true, hearty and unfeigned.  
I. They made rehearsal of the 
2 Sam: ●●. 18. 30 40, 41. 48 & ●●. ●0. Iud: 5. 11.  righteous acts of the Lord in particular. 2. They framed Psalms, and pious songs of deliverance, as did Moses, Miriam, Delorah, David, and the valiant men of Machabeus 
2 Mach: ●0 38.  company. 3. They would sometimes put a remarkable remembrance upon the place where the victory was gotten giving to it a name, as David 
2 Sa: 5 20.  did, calling it, Baal Per●zim, where he overcame the Philistims: So jehosopnat called the valley, in which 
2 Chro: 10 26.  they bless God for the victory gotten, Beracah. 4. They would do outward worship and service to God 
Exod: 17. 14, 15. Ios: 8. 30. Iud: 21. 4  Moses built an Altar. upon the overthrow of Amalek. josua did so when he won Ai, and so did the Israelites when they vanquished Benjamin, built an Altar whereon they offered ; They gave the Altar sometimes a name, as Moses called 
2 Cron: 29 26.  his jehuva Nesse, that is, the Lord my banner. 5. They would repair to the Temple with great joy and rejoicing: as did jehosophat and the people 
1 Mach: 4. 26. & 5. 54. 2 Mach: 8. 27.  and he before them; so did judas and his army, carefully keeping the Sabbath, yielding exceeding praise and thankes unto God. Yea, the heathen Philistims would after victory honour their Idols, and had their Priests to make speeches thereof, as we now do sermons unto the people in their Temples. 6. They by their 
1 Sa: 30. 9  victories were the more moved to advance true Religion, and to root out Idolatry, (mark this.) Thus did Asa and judah with him, upon the victory obtained against Zerah the Ethiopian; 
2 Cro: 15.  and after the Sermon preached by Azariah the Prophet the son of O●ed, they put away the abominable Idols, they entered into covenant to seek the Lord, and confirmed it with an oath; and that with great joy, and uprightness of heart, Asa hereupon put down Ma●chah his mother from being Queen: because she was an Idolatress, whose Idol in a grove be cut down stamped it, and burned it in the fire, so dealt David with the Images 
2 Sa. 5. 21.  of the Philistims after his victory; he did not foolishly as Amaziah 
2 Cro: 25  did, who having subdued the Edomites, took their Idols and set them up inludah to be worshipped, both to his own ruin and the destruction of the people. 7. They took of the prey 
Num: 3 50  and spoils, and thereof first offered part unto God for his service; the Captains of thousands and Captains of hundreds, in their great victory over the Kings of Midian, gave freely, besides 700 and odd head of cattle, of gold, jewels, earrings bracelets, rings and such like, to the value of 
A shekel is 2 ● 6●.  16750 shekels. joab David's General dedicated something unto God, and so other valiant worthies offered of 
2 Sa: 8. 11.  the spoils. So David gave to God very much of his victories. In like 
Gen. 14. 20  manner did Abraham unto Melchisedech, the Priest of God. Thus these valiant warrior's respected Religion and God's service, and therefore offered for the maintenance thereof. As also for the Lords Priests and for the places wherein God was served, and not herewith contented, we may read what care some had of the poor, for judas Machabens gave of 
2 Mach. 8. 2●.  the spoils to the maimed, to widows and Orphans; so these valorous worthies spent not all they got upon themselves in bravery of apparel, much less any of it in gluttony, drunkenness, whoring, nor did they basely hoard up all to enrich themselves. To these courses valiant 
1 Mach. 7. 48, 49.  spirits in those days were very strangers. 8. And lastly, they kept sometime a day of joy and rejoicing unto the Lord for their victories obtained, and kept it yearly; for we may and 
Psal: 58. 10 Pro: 11. 10. Rev: 18. 20. Ier: 51: 48, 49,  aught to rejoice over our enemies subdued, and with joyful triumphing praise the Lord our God. And thus should we use religiously our victories.   

CHAP. XXX. Of the General's carriage towards the persons conquered, and towards their Country when he hath obtained a full Victory.  
Victory as the heathen Orator saith, Est sem per infolons, it maketh mansheart haughty, if the Conqueror doth not know how to subdue his corrupt nature, if he remember not the instability of things here below; that he which is to day victorer, may to morrow be vanquished, if the great commander and Ruler of hosts be so pleased to alter the course.  
The people of God, sometimes dealt with the subdued enemies very severely; but this was upon some special charge from God so to do; as we may see in Israel's dealing with Ogg, and S●hon, with all the Kings of Canaan and their people, as also in saul's destroying of Amalek, these by God's commandment were utterly to be destroyed. Upon special reason we may read how David took a sharp course with the Ammonites, in putting them under saws, iron Harrows, axes of iron, and made 
2 Sam: 12 31.  them pass through brick-kills: because they had violated the law of Nations in abusing his messengers, 
Cap: 10. 2. 6.  maliciously perverting his honest meaning: They also first prepared war against him, gathering mighty powers, of the neighbouring countries against him causelessly; they caused hereby war between 
Vers. 15. 18  David and Hadarezer; they were abominable Idolaters in offering their children to the Idol Molech; and therefore they wilfully standing out, till perforce the City of Rabbah 
Deut: 20. 12, 13.  was taken by the law of Moses, their males were to be put to death, if their offence had been no greater.  
But commonly Generals after victory should not be without humanity; but show clemency and mercy. To be cruel is a sign of a savage nature. Elisha only foreseeing the brutish cruelty which Hazael would use against the Israelites, made him 
2 King: 8.  to weep, yea Hazael himself seemed so to detest such inhuman carriage, as he asked Elisha, whether he held him to be a dog or no. Oded the Prophet condemneth 
2 Cro. 28. 9  the merciless slaughter that▪ Israel made of judah in one day, Pity and compassion is therefore to be showed, and respect had to all sorts 
Ezek. 39 11  both of the dead and the living. First for the dead, they were allowed burial; 
Ios. 10. 27. & 8. 29 Wars of the jews.  so shall Israel do to Gog and his multitude. The very Heathen performed this to their slain enemies: for at the request of Scipio, Asdrubal did bury the Roman Tribunes. 
Appion.  To cast out to dogs, and fowls the bodies of the slain, and 
Psa. 79. 2, 3  not bury them is inhuman: cruelty. As it was in Tiberius' forbidding to bury the dead, or to use cruelty to their bodies, as the King of Moab did to the dead body of the 
Amos 2. 1  King of Edom, which he burned with fire in lime, for which God threatened his destruction. Again, concerning the dead, when they are looked upon, it must be with humane 
Tatit in Ann el. 〈◊〉 ●●.  compassion; The Israelites did weep for Benjamin, because they were destroyed. It's recorded of Epaminondas the Theban; that when he came forth the next day after his victory, at Leuctra among his soldiers, with a sad countenance, the cause being demanded, he answered, that he did chastise himself for the blood that was shed. Agiselave the Lacedaemonian, after his victory at Corinth, when he saw a great number of the Corinthians and Athenians lying slain, in sorrow cried out, woe is me for Greece, who in civil combustion hath lost so many brave soldiers. These men were not like to Charles the ninth, in the bloody massacre in Paris, who said, oh how good is the smell of the dead enemies. An unfit speech of a Christian, but as he delighted in blood, so came he to a bloody end.  
Now concerning the living.  
I. There must be a reverend respect had of men of the Church, ever sacred by the law of Nations. Nabuchadnezzar gave a charge to 
jer. 39 11, 12  look well to jeremy, and to do him no hurt.  
II. To keep good quarter with 
Ios. 1: 20  all such as do yield themselves, and to whom faith hath been promised to give them life, and to use them well: when josephus was taken, having yielded to Nican●●, who in the 
In the wars of the jews  name of the General Vispasian promised him life, and some Romans persuaded Vespasian to kill him, but Titus reproved them for it, and held it treason to move Vespasian to break Caesarael fidelity as he called it. Cato accused G●●ba for slaying the Lusitonians after composition made. faithlessness & breach of word in this kind maketh men desperate, & to sight it out as one man to the death rather than to yield; as it did the jews in jorpata, when the Romans were come into the City, not one yielded, though josephus was fled, & the reason is given, because they had heard how a jew had yielded to a Roman soldier, who had sworn to give him life, and yet afterwards slew him perfidiously. This unfaith. fullness caused also others so to deal with them; as did the Rebel Eliezar the prime Author of the last wars of the jews, & their utter destruction with a valiant Roman, who had upon Eliezers' oath yielded himself  
III To show mercy to prisoners and Captives, and note to be bloodthirsty: The Israelites did not 
2 Kings 6. 22 2 Chron▪ 28. 15.  slay such as they took captives: but shown mercy and great compassion unto the lame, poor, and wounded, so mercy should b●e showed to women, children, and old folks. To slay all that are taken, as once the Lacedæmonians did of the Athenians, and the Athenians of them, is great cruelty, and inhuman, of which at length they will be made to repent, as those two sorts did, as Thu●idides writeth. To slay poor 
Thucid.  prisoners in cold blood is a note of a savage and implacable nature. But here is to be excepted, such prisoners taken as do deserve justice to be executed upon them, as did Agag 
1 Sam: 15 32, 33.  the King of the Amale kites, as also such great ones, as have caused rebellion, as the Princes of judah did, who counselled Zedekiah to hold out 
Ier: 39 5, 6  against Nabuchadnezer, contrary to his oath, and the word of God deliver by Ier●my: These Nabuchadnezzar took and gave sentence upon them. Also when there is treachery found in the Captives, or just cause of fear, if the Enemy should make head against them, that then they would help to work the Conquerour● destruction, in such a case Caesar● 
Hist de ●●h H●span.  soldiers at Munda in Spain flew their prisoners, and so did the English theirs at Poytiers.  
iv Among Captives and prisoners to consider persons according to their qualities; and to respect them according to their place, as Prince Edward did King john of Frace his prisoner, attending him at his Table. And as Tamburlaine did Baiazel whom first he went out to meet, than brought him into his own Tent, and set him down to meat with himself, and did him all the honour he possibly could, till the proud Tyrant provoked him to deal with him, as he would have done with Tamburlaine, had he been the Conqueror. Great Princes and Commanders should consider what may befall themselves. It was Tyrantlike in Adonibezek to use kings 
jud. 1, 7  as dogs, and cruelly to handle them, in cutting off their thumbs and great toes: but he was rewarded thereafter. It was too great height of heart for King Edgar to be rowed over the river of do by seven Kings; Tyranes the King of Armenia, was too much puffed up to make so ●re Kings to wait at his Table: but most unmindful of mutability and regal majesty was Sesostris who made Kings to draw his Chariot: and most inhuman was Albonius a King of the Lombard's, who vanquished Cu●emed●● a King of jepidi, slew him, and of his skull made a quaffing Cup. We read how josua commanded his Captains to tread upon the necks of Kings; but that was extraordinary, and it was upon such as they were commanded to kill, whose posterity they were to root out. Nabuchadnezzar did put out the eyes of Zedekiah, but he was a perjured wretch having contrary to his oath rebelled, when Nabuchadnezzar had made him King.  
After victory gotten in the Field over their persons, the Army being sufficient, and a Conquering host; the Generals in old time were wont to make use of their victories in the Country.  
I. They took the Cities of the Enemies from them, as Abijah did from jeroboam after the battle fought Bethel, jeshanah, and Ephraim, with the Towns belonging to them. Hannibal should have gone to Rome upon his victory at Cannae. When Scipio overthrew Hannibal, he forthwith went to Carthage, which made presently composition with him.  
II. They set strong garrisons among 
1 Sa: 13. 3 & 10. 5. & 14. 2. 4. 2 Sa. 8. 6.  them, as the Philistims did in Israel, and David did in Syria of Damascus, to keep the people under; and while the army is abroad to have places of safe retreat,  
III. They disarmed them to keep them from rebellion, when they intended to hold them in subjection. Thus did the Philistims with 
2 Sam: 13 19 22.  Israel, and Cyrus thus used the Lydians: for upon such a course taken a 
Herod.  less force may serve to hold the Country in obedience.  
iv They removed their King sometime, and placed another over them; thus dealt Pharaoh Nec●o with jehoahaz King of judah, he carried 
2 King. 23 33, 34.  him away Prisoner, and made Eliakim King in his stead. In like sort Nabuchadnezzar with jehoiachim, in 
2 Kings 24, 17.  whose room he placed Zedekiah; yea they have translated most the inhabitants, and sometimes placed other of other Nations in their stead. So did Salmaneser with the Israelites, and set a colony in Samaria and in 
2 Kings 17. 24.  Cities thereof. The Athenians taking the Island Cyth●ra from the Lacedæmonians, removed the old Inhabitants, 
Thucid. 4.  and peopled it with other their friends. By peopling of Caleis with our own Nation that Town continued long in obedience to the English; if so Rochel, Poytiers, Burdeanx, and other places had been, we had not so lost France perhaps as we have.   

CHAP. XXXI. Of the General's carriage towards his own Army, State and Country.  
HE that is of an honourable disposition to others, he cannot but ●e worthily disposed towards his own, and to the honour of his King and Country. A worthy Commander will take the sum of the host, to see who are lacking and not lightly pass it by, but at the death of valiant and serviceable men to do● 
Num. 31, 10  them honour being dead, as David did Abner. And to cause that all the slain be buried.  
II. To have a great care in a special manner to the sick, maimed and wounded, that they perish not, nor being brought home, to be neglected, so as they be forced to beg like Rogues, but that some convenient allowance be provided, till they can recover, and be able to live by honest labour.  
III. It was the manner of r●nowned Christians to take diligent heed that all their whole army did behave themselves worthy th● victory; Charles the great after victory, in the long wars against the Lombard's and Saxons, was pleased to call his Soldier's Nobles, and Kings fellows, charging them to carry themselves as Kings over their own corruptions, which if they did a● g●n●●ous spirits, he promised to maintain them, and account the injuries done to them, as done unto himself: but if they did let lose their raines to disorder, shame they should have for honour, and suffer punishment as a due reward. Frederick the Emperor after his victory over the Gunzians in Hungary, said thus to his soldiers, you have done a great work, my soldiers, but yet there remaineth a greater, to overcome yourselves, & not become through the victory, insolent, cruel, and revengeful. They may not be given to drunkenness, as Elah King of Israel was, as was Be●hadad with his 32 Kings, as was Alexander the great at length to his everlasting dishonour; nor to Luxury, as H●●ibal was at Capua, by which he received more hurt, than all the Romans could do him; neither defile themselves with women; nor abuse captive maids, no● matrons.  
iv The worthy valiant and such as have done good service are to be encouraged. 1. In giving them due praises, as David his worthies had, every 
2 Sam: 23  one after his desert; and as David 
cap. 26.  himself had after his desert; and as David himself had after his slaying of Goliath. 2. In rewarding them; The Romans did many ways return their worthy Valiants, as is before noted; Some had honour bestowed upon them, some money and lands, some had places given them, some titles and names; great care was had by one means or other to reward the well deserving.  
V As care is to be had to reward the worthy; so the ill deserving, and such as be worthy of punishment should surely have it; this the Romans did not forget, when the wars were ended. The great Ones felt their displeasure; Fulvius was banished, 
Liv●  because through negligence his Army was discomfited by Hannibal, at Herdonea. M. Posthumius had a mighty fine set upon his head, for that the Romans at V●ii were overthrown through his default; Rutili●s spared not his own son, 
Val. ma●  who by his negligence lost the Castle of Tarentum in Sicily.  
VI A worthy General, is to have care of dividing the spoil, and using of it aright. 1. That in it justice be observed, that what belongeth to one, may not be given to another. This care had Abraham, that wha● belonged to his Confederates they should have. Scipio restored divers things to the Sicilians; which he found in the sacking▪ of Carthage, and had been taken from them. The Romans took not that for spoil which did belong to their friends & Confederates. David had a care in 
1 Sam. 20. 20. 25.  this to order the spoil in giving to those that kept the stuff, as well as to those, that went forth to fight. 2. That charity be showed first unto such of their own as be in misery by reason of the war, the wounded, and lame: Great reason is that these be pitied, and made partakers with the sound and whole in the spoil. Then to manifest charity also 
2 Chro. 28 15.  to such of the Enemies, as stand in extreme need, whom the General is pleased to send away, as did worthily the Nobles of Israel, to the miserable captives; And after this to reserve some portion among them for their poor at home, poor widows, Orphans, and other impotent by age or sickness. As judas Machabeus and his Army did. 3. To 
2 Mac: 8 28  show gratitude and thankfulness unto friends, this is no● to be neglected; David forgot not this; as you may read in 1 Sam. 30. 26. to the end of the chapter. Thus did Scanderbag send of the spoils of the Turkish army led by Isaac Bassa which came with Amaze Scanderbegs Nephew with 50000 horse to subdue Epyrus. 4 Piety may not be omitted, 
Num: 31  but that some part be for God's service, as before hath been noted, in the example of the Israelites: among the Romans to uphold their wars it was a custom for the Generals 
Cap: 29  to bring into the public treasury of the spoils, as did Furius, 
Liv: 30. 34, 35.  Helvius, Minutius, Cato, Scipio, Aemilius Paulus, and others.  
Lastly, a General is to be wary and wise in dismissing of his Army, lest he do as King Demetrius did who procured hatred of his Father's 
1 Mach. 38 39, 40. 55.  forces. Of which one Tryphon took occasion to lift up young Antiochus against him, with who● against Demetrius the foresaid dismissed forces took part. A discontented Army set at liberty may do very much mischief, as those of Israel did which 
2 Changed 25. 10-13  were sent home by Amaziah; they fell upon the Cities of judah, smote three thousand and carried away much spoil. Therefore must there be special wisdom in this point, especially, if there be spied any such Tryphon among them.   

CHAP. XXXII. Of some things concerning those that be vanquished, & how they should demean themselves.  
IT is an excellent praise in such as be put for the present to the worse, not to lose their wisdom nor valour.  
Their wisdom in flying must ●each them to watch advantages given by the pursuer, to mark his, it may be, over hasty following, or disorder therein, or scattered companies or too suddenly, or untimely turning to the spoil; or the slack pursuit, giving them that fly leave to breath, and to gather together, that by some of these advantages, they may make head upon the pursuers; and so, perhaps turn the course of present loss and defeature, into an unexpected victory over the Victorers.  
Their wisdom must also teach them, when they have escaped by flight, seeming fare enough, yet than not to be secure and careless, as not yet out of danger of an hot pursuing enemy, who may follow them farther than they would imagine; as Gideon did the two Kings of Mid●an, Zebah and Salman●ah, whom he 
judge▪ 8. 10.  followed to Karkor, where they and their host of fifteen thousand remained secure, which he utterly▪ discomfited, and took the King's Prisoners, who might have escaped, had they not been over careless, not fearing any other pursuit of them after the slaughter of Oreb and Zeb, and 120000 with them that drew sword.  
As they may not lose their wits; to be as men amazed, distracted, and without understanding; so may they not lose their valour, nor be daunted when they be taken, and fall into the Conquerors hands: Base dejection of spirit befitteth not a soldier; the truly noble heart will not debase himself below his worth; drunken Benhadad foolishly proud in his prosperity 
1 Kings 20. 16. 31, 32.  did slavishly in adversity humble himself, in sending his servants clothed in sackcloth, with ropes about their heads in his name to beg life. King Perseus being taken by Paulus Aemilius, fell down very basely on his face before him, held up his hands and as one of a womanish heart with tears cried forgiveness; upon whom Aemilius did look with a stern countenance, and told him, that he was a miserable man, indeed, and more worthy to be a Captive, than a King, holding himself without glory in conquering so unworthy an Adversary, and one of no worth. josephus took a Roman Captain belonging to V●spasian, and commanded 
Wars of the jews.  both his hands to be struck off, and he sent so to the enemy: but the Captain said to josephus, I beseech thee my Lord, let me lose but one; for which suit josephus and his soldiers laughed him to scorn, and judged him to be therefore no valiant man, nor of a haughty courage.  
The chief Commanders taken Prisoners should be of unconquerable spirits, like King Po●us▪ that would 
Q. Curti●●  not acknowledge himself vanquished by Great Alexander, though he had lost the field, and almost wounded to death: Or like Cato▪ who being persuaded to submit to Caesar, said, it was for the conquered and delinquent so to do, but Cato had not behaved himself so in all his life as one ever either conquered or taken; It's recorded of Fra●ci● the first, that being taken Captive by Burbou, yet he shown such inbred majesty in his countenance, speech, and behaviour, as made his very enemies honour him no less, then, as if he had been in the top of prosperity; such great courage and magnanimity of heart should be in a soldier's breast.  
They may not lose their quiet patience, which is not a stupidity or senselessness of the present misery; but a willing constant bearing of the burden: They may not poison themselves as Mithridates did, nor like a▪ cowardly Saul, (as josephus held him▪ for that act) nor as his Armour-bearer) slay themselves; nor rage and swear, and curse, foaming out the filth of their furious natures, blaspheming heaven itself for the overthrow, as some have done: Nor by quaffing down the cups, and pots of strong drink to make themselves senseless of their calamity, nor as Valence the Emperor, fly upon his religious and valiant General, one Traian, with base terms of cowardice; nor as Israelites murmur against 
1 Sa: 4. 3.  God, and say, why hath the Lord smitten us this day, before the Philistims? As if God had not just cause so to do. Nor as Cato, foiled by Caesar, to say that a great deal of mist was over the eye of divine providence. Impatiency of loss should not make men guilty of such blasphemy. Christian soldiers should be religious, as before is showed, and in their overthrow they have need of it, to work this royal virtue of patience, and to manifest other graces in their defeature and overthrow; For now religion requireth,  
I. That they should acknowledge their overthrow to be the very hand of God; as the Scripture teacheth, 
Amos 3. 6. 1 Sam: 2, 3, Iud: 4. 2. 1 Sam: 4. 3. Esay 42. 24 Ier: 18. 17. & 12. 7. Lam: 2. 3. 1 Kings. 20. 23.  as the Lords people have acknowledged; as God himself said he would do; and did unto them: They are not to ascribe their loss as the Syrians did to the hills; nor to the disadvantage of the place; nor to man's rash attempts or oversight, nor to this man's sloth, and negligence, nor another's treachery, nor to their small number, nor to any secondary means whatsoever, which yet no doubt may all concur therein; but unto God's hand upon them. They 
Bel. G●l.  may not with Caesar ascribe it to fortune, nor to chance as the Philistims did, nor to destiny as the Stoics, nor to Planets, as idle starrgazers, nor to any power, but Gods from heaven. When Xerxes with his so huge an host was overthrown, Mardon●us the Persian his General ascribed it to Gods will, and said, what God would have done, none was able to avert.  
II. In acknowledging it to be 
Lam: 3. 3●. Num: 1. 42 43.  God's hand, they must confess it to be for sin; For otherwise, God doth not afflict, nor grieve willingly▪ any of the Children of men. Therefore 
Esay 42. 24  said Esay, the Lord gave jacob to the spoil, and Israel to the robbers, because they had sinned against him. When Valence the wicked Emperor▪ blamed Trai●n for the foil, Traian 
Niceph● Eccle. Hist.  was bold to tell him, that it was his warring against God, in persecuting 
De●: 28, 25  of good Christians that gave his enemies the victory. God threatens overthrow in battle for sin.  
III. In confessing of it to be for sin, religion teacheth them to humble themselves for their sins; to acknowledge 
2 Ch●on● 12. 6.  God to be righteous, as did Rehoboam, yea and as did the cruel Canaanitish King, Ado●ib●z●k, who said, that as he had done, God 
jud. 1, 7  had rewarded him.  
The people of Israel upon their 
Iud: 20: 23 26.  losses received, humbled themselves with fasting, prayers, and tears, so often as they had the foil: yea that 
Ios: 7. 6, 7  most renowned worthy valiant josua, when the Israelites were chased by the men of Ai, (though the loss was small, only thirty men slain) yet he took it to heart, fell to humbling of himself, to fasting and prayer for the same, with the Elders of Israel, and when he knew the sin for which God was offended, he found out the party and rewarded him with death, that had caused by his sin; the death of the slain, and the Enemy to get the victory. Thus should worthy Generals do; Esay reproveth it as 
Esay 42: 25  an evil in the people, when the strength of the battle was against them, and they beaten▪ that they did not lay it to heart. Alas for our times, where in too many mock at such humiliations, scorn with disdain to be so cast down, for the lives of men. They know not, that this is in them, great contempt of God's displeasure: It's not so much the loss of men, which those Valiants bewailed, as for sin, the cause of the defeat; for God's absence from them in his anger, giving them into the power of the Enemy; for the Enemy's pride and triumph over God's people; for the dishonour which cometh to God thereby: for these things, josua 
2 Sam. 1. 11. 17-26.  mourned, David wept, and other very valiant men lamented; and not only for the death of the slain. And yet in their sorrows they neglected not to think of these as David did, even of his Enemy Saul, and his sons, with his faithful friend jonathan; being much grieved for the rejoicing of the Philistims, Gods Enemies when they should know thereof: This did he lay to heart; as we should the Enemies of God, his Church, and his people, glorying over us, at this day, as if God had utterly forsaken us.  
But there is hope, if we will seek God's favour, cut off sin, repent, and be reform; for do we not read, how after Iosua's humiliation, 
Ios: 8.  God was with him in the victory; and we may find upon the Israelites true repentance, their deep sorrow, with abundance of tears, their putting away of Idols; and preparing of their hearts to serve God; after their 
1 Sam: 7. 3  miserable overthrow, and the great slaughter of the people; when Hophni and Phineas were slain, the Ark taken, and 30000 put to the sword; how graciously did God look upon 
Cap: 4: 10: ●●.  them took Israel's part, and thundered with a great thunder upon the Philistims, and so discomfited them, 
Cap▪ ●: 10  that from that time they came no more into the Coasts of Israel.  
Therefore to make a conclusion, Oh you valiant hearts, you truly v●lorous, you sons of the worthy, you undaunted spirits, yet religious, yet faithful, yet chaste yet just in your man i●esse▪ yet full of humanity, even to the enemy, and truly respectful of your own companions, yea, and common soldiers, fellows in affliction▪ do well, be reconciled to God▪ crave his aid and he being with you, go forth with confidence, and prosper. Even so Amen.  
FINIS.   

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