TOM of All Trades. OR THE PLAIN PATHWAY TO PREFERMENT. BEING A Discovery of a passage to Promotion in all Professions, Trades, Arts, and Mysteries. Found out by an old Traveller in the sea of Experience, amongst the enchanted Islands of ill Fortune. Now published for Common good. By THOMAS POWELL. Summum hominis bonum bonus ex hac vita exitus.  
LONDON. Printed by B. Alsop and T. Faucet, for Benjamen Fisher, and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the Talbot in Aldersgate-street. 1631.   

The Epistle Dedicatory.  

Poor TOM was set on shore in Kent,  
And to the next good Town he went;  
At whose approach the Bosseldir  
Kept a most lamentable stir  
That TOM would offer to return  
Through the good Town of Syttingborne  
He asked him; If he had a Pass?  
And told him what the Statute was;  
And like a Reverend Vestry wit,  
Swore, he would not allow of it.  
But did advise him to resort  
To fetch his Pass at Tonstall Court.  
Our TOM of all Trades hereupon  
Asked what was his condition  
Who was the Owner of that place  
So far in all the Country's grace?  
For whom (as he walked on the way  
He heard) the poor so much to pray  
The Rich to praise. And both contend,  
To whom he was the greater friend.  
Didst never meet his name there spread,  
Where thou thyself didst use to tread?  
No? not Sir EDWARD HALES? Quoth he,  
What TOM of Odcombe may'st thou be?  
He is a man scarce spends a minute,  
But hath his Country's service in it.  
Spends more to make them all accord  
Then other Knights do at their board.  
He called him Knight and Baronet.  
Both wise and Just; And what more yet?  
He swore that if he were but missed  
The Country could not so subsist.  
With that our TOM repaired thither,  
Conferred Report and Proof together;  
And found Report had wronged him much  
In giving but an outside touch,  
A tincture of a Painter's trade;  
Where all was substance and inlayd.  
Then TOM resolved to walk no farther  
To find a Father or a Mother.  
No other Patron would he seek,  
But tender all at this Knights feet:  
If he accept what's well intended,  
Our TOM of all Trades travailes ended.  
Signa virtutum tuarum longe lateque ferens. THO: PONWELL.    

TOM of all Trades: OR THE PLAIN PATHWAY TO PREFERMENT.  
TRINITY Term was now ended; For by description of the time it could be no other parcel of the year. In that the Scriveners at Temple-bar, had no employment, but writing of blank Bonds, and texting of Bills, for letting of Chambers in Chancery-lane. The Vintners of Fleetstreet discharged their journeymen; A general humility more than usual possessed the Cookery of Ram-Alley. The Ostlers of Holborn had more than ordinary care to lay up their Guests boots, rather for fear of their slipping out of Town, than for any good observance towards them. And your Country Attorneys would no longer by any means endure the unwholesome air of an Eight penny Ordinary. Every one that had wherewith to discharge his Horse out of the stable, strove who should first be gone. And amongst the rest, myself made shift for so much money as wherewith to abate the fury of Mistress Overcount mine hostess, and so I departed likewise.  
At the top of Highgate hill I overtook a Gentleman of Northamptonshire, riding homeward, whom I well knew; Him I saluted cheerfully, and he received me lovingly. But in travailing together (Me thought) he was not (Master of that mirthful disposition which he was wont to carry along with him to shorten the way betwixt his house and London, I gave him to understand, how strange, and notable this alteration appeared in him; And withal desired to know so much of the occasion thereof as might be impartible to a friend of so small growth. To which he answered thus; Sir, I come from London, (It is true) from the Term (It is certain true) from London and Term. True and certain in nothing but expenses in all things, yet I would have you know, that it is neither the Thunderclap of dissolving an Injunction, nor the Doomsday of a Decree, nor Counsellors Fees, nor Attorney's Bylls' in a language able to fright a man out of his wits, can proscribe me my wont mirth. It is something nearer and dearer (my dear friend) that robs me of that cheer which used to lift me up into the very Sphere, where love himself sits to bid all his guests welcome right heartily:  
I remember me of Children, six 'Zounds, and three daughters, of whom I am the unhappy Father. In that, besides the scars which my unthriftiness hath dinted upon their fortunes, the wounds of unequal times, and a tempestuous age approaching are like to take away from them all hope of outliving the low water ebb of the evil day all means of thriving by honest pains, study or industry are bereft them. The common upon which industry should depasture is overlaid Numerousnes spoils all, And poverty sells all at an under value.  
In this case (Sir) what can be advisd Whereunto I thus replied.  
Sir, I have heedfully attended you in the delivery of your perplexed thoughts, concerning the care which you have of your children, taking the true, and even level of the declension of arts, the distent of trades, & trading, the poverty of all professions, and the destemper, not of ours only, but of all Christian climates at this present, tending rather to a more contagion in the general air, than a calmer temparament (for aught that yet appeareth) as for the stormynesse of the sea of state foreign or domestic, let us leave the greater, and lesser vessels that be exposed to it, unto the proper pilates, Masters, and Mariners, who have the charge to attend the line, or ply at the tackle, we are but poor passengers and may assure ourselves to partake in their boon voyage, if they succeed well, as they may be certain to suffer in the same Shipwreck with us, if we miscarry. I address me to give you the best advice, I can touching the preferment of every of your six sons and three daughters, in manner following  
It is true in most Gentlemen, and very likely in you, as in others, living only upon the revenue of lands. That the height of their Husbandry amounts to no more than to clear the last half years booking, and borrowing at the rend day. That their credit may hold up and keep reputation till the next ensuing that again.  
When you die, the eldest Son claims the inheritance of what you leave, thank God, and nature for it, yourself least of all, and your fatherly providence never a whit.  
If you take some course in your life time to make the rest of your Children some small portions or estates out of the whole of your lands. It is ten to one but you destroy both him, and them by that means.  
For the heir commonly striving to uphold the reputation of his Ancestors. He abates nothing of his father's accustomed expenses towards the raising of those portions or estates so deducted. And they on the other side, presume so much upon the hope thereof, that no profession will fit them. To be a Minister (with them) is to be but a Pedant. A Lawyer, a mercenary fellow. A Shopkeeper, a man most subject to the most wonderful Crack, and a creature whose welfare depends much upon his Wives well bearing, and fair carriage. What is then to be done.  
Surely, it would be wished, seeing God and nature hath provided for the eldest, your younger sons, and your daughters; especially, being worstable to shift, should be by you provided for in the first place, while your Land is of virgin reputation, while it is chaste, and undishonested by committing of single fornication with Country Creditors, that trade without sheets (that is) by Pole deed, only for saving of costs; or at least, before it have defiled the bed of its reputation by prostituting to the adulterous embrace of a City Scrivener: But especially, before it grow so impudent, as to lie down in the Market place, and to suffer every petty Clerk to bring its good name upon Record, and charge it that it was taken in the very fact between other men's sheets. As in this Statute, or in that judgement: Take heed of that by any means. And be sure to match your eldest son, when your credit is cried up to the highest, while your heir is yet in your power to dispose, and will bend to your will, before his blood begin to feel the heat of any affections kindling about him, or before he can tell what difference is betwixt a black wrought Waistcoat, with a white apron & a loose bodied gown without an apron. Put him of in his best clothes (I mean) in the assurance of your lands, fell him at the highest rate. Then dicotomize the whole portion of his wife into several shares betwixt your other children. Not share and share like, but to every each one the more according to their defects: Let impotency, decreptnes, ilfavourdnes and incapacity, rob the other of so much money as they have done them of comeliness, activity, beauty, and wit.  
Put them not into any course of living according to any prescript order, or method of your own election. But according to their inclination and addition, seeing that every one by instinct of nature, delighteth in that wherein he is like to be most excellent. And delight, and pride in any thing undertaken, makes all obstacles in the way of attaining to perfection of no difficulty.  
Now in the next place take heed that you put off those your sons whom you find fit and addicted to be bred in the Ministry, or made up to the law, or to be apprentized betimes, and before they take the taint of too much liberty at home.  
And when they be put forth, call them not home speedily to revisit their father's house, no not so much as Hospitably by any means.  

In the first place take your direction for the SCHOLAR.  

His Education.  
His Maintenance.  
His Advancement.   
FOr his Education. The Free-Schooles generally afford the best breeding in good letters.  
So many of them also afford some reasonable means in aid of young Scholars, for their diet, lodging, and teaching, given to them by the Founders or Benefactors of such Schools.  
Some of them be of the foundation of some Kings and Queens of this Land, and they are commonly in the gift of the King, or his Provost, or Substitute in that behalf. Others be of the foundation of some Bodies or Societies incorporate. And they are commonly in the gift of such Masters, Wardens, Precedents, and their Signior fellows, such chief officers of any other title, or such Master Wardens, and Assistants, or such Opposers, Visitants, or Committees of such bodies respectively as be appointed thereunto. Others be of the foundation of some private persons: And they are for the most part in the gift of the Executor, Heir, or Feoffees of such Donor, according to the purport of his Will, or Grant, or both.  
Of every of which several kinds respectively are:  

Eton.  
Westminster.  
Winchester.  
The Merchantaylors' School London.  
The Skynners' at Tunbridge.  
Sutton's Hospital.  
St. bartholomew's.   
And very many other the like.  
Briefly, few or no Counties of this Kingdom are unfurnished of such Schools. And some have so many, that it is disputable whether the Universities with the Inns of Court, and Chancery have where to receive them or no.  
Some of such free-Schooles again, have Scholarships appendent unto them, in the one of the Universities or both.  
To which upon Election yearly, they are removable, As.  

From Eton, to King's College Cambridge.  
From Westminster, to Trinity College Cambridge, or Christchurch Oxon:  
From Winchester, to New College Oxon.  
From the Merchantaylors, to St. John's Oxon.  
And the like, from many the like.   
Some other Free-Schooles have pensions for preferment of their Scholars, and for their maintenance in the University.  
Some Companies Incorporate (especially of London, having no such pensions in certain, do usually out of the Stock of their Hall allow maintenance in this kind.  
Besides that, there be many other private persons (upon my knowledge) who do voluntarily allow yearly exhibition of this nature.  

Now if you would know how to find what is given to any such Free-Schooles, and in whose disposing they now be.  


Search.  
In the Tower of London, till the end of Rich. the 3. For Grants and for Licence of Mortmain, inde.  
And in the Chapel of the Rolls. From thence till the present. And for the like,  
In the Register of the Prerogative Court, for such things devised by Will, by King, Queen, or Subject. For such Grants given by Will.    
And sometimes you shall find such things both in the Tower, and the Prerogative, and in the Rolls, and Prerogative respectively.  
For the time since our reformed Church of England began here.  


Search.  
Doctor willet's Synopsis. For all from the King, or from any other.   

Search.  
In diverse of our Chronicles. For the like.      

Next add certain helps for discovery and attaining thereof.  
FIrst (if it may be) procure a sight of the Liedger Books, of such as in whom the disposition of such things resteth, which they keep for their own use.  
Next be acquainted with some of the Disposers themselves.  
Next take the directions of the Master or Teacher of such Free-Schooles.  
Especially, to be interessed in the Clerks or Registers of such Societies as have the disposing of any such things.  
Also to use means by Letters of persons powerful, and useful to such disposers.  
For (indeed) it is not the sound of a great man's name to a Letter in these days, wherein they are grown so common, and familiar to our Societies (of London especially) can prevail so soon as the Letter subscribed by the Lord Maior, or other eminent Officer of the City, to whose commandment they be immediately subjugate.  
Lastly, if you use the means least seen, most used, and best allowed, together with these: For discovery and attaining of any such thing, it will not be besides the purpose as I take it.   

Now suppose your son is brought to the University by Election or as Pensioner.  
THe first thing you must take to your care is. In case he come not by election, but as a Pensioner, to live for the present upon your own charge, how to procure him a Scholarship in the College where you bestow him.  
Or in case he come elected into one, how to procure a farther addition of maintenance to him.  
To bring him into a Scholarship, place him with a Signior fellow of the house (as Tutor) though you allow to some junior fellow somewhat yearly for reading unto him.  
This Signior fellow if the number of places void will bear it may nominate your son for one in his own right, if it will not bear it, he may call to his aid some and so many suffrages of the rest as with the speaking merit of your son may work your desire.  
Then how to procure a pension for addytament of means.  
The chief skill is to find it out, being either in the gift of some body Incorporate. Or of some private person. Wherein the discovery is to be made (as aforesaid.)  
If you sue to a Company consisting of many persons Tradesmen, you must inquire who be the most potent Patritians, and best reputed Vestry wits amongst them, such as carry their gloves in their hands, not on their hands.  
Amongst an Assistance of many, only two or three strike the stroke, and hold the rest in a wonderful admiration of their extraordinary endowments. And how to speak sensibly to these two or three is no Mystery. You know they are faithful fiduciaries in the election. And therefore, you must not presume to offer any thing by any means. Only you may desire them to accept this poor piece of plate, with your name and Arms upon it, and bind you unto their love, in keeping the memory of you hereafter. Do but try them in this kind, and attend the success. I tell you, this with a Buck at the Renter Wardens feast, may come somewhat near to the matter.  
But for the pension to be obtained of a private person, the way is not the same. It proceedeth of the giver's mere charity, and must be taken by the hand of a desertful receiver. Though withal it may sometimes fall out, that merit is made by mediation, especially of some such reverend Divine, as he doth most respect and frequent. For other, letters can little prevail with such persons.  
The best note to discover a man inclinable to allow such a pension, is to examine how wealth and charity are equally and temporately mingled in him. And be sure withal that he be a man of some reasonable understanding in what he doth in this kind. For a Fool's pension is like a new fashion eagerly pursued at the beginning, but as scurvily left off in the proceeding.  
Your next care is, in his due time to put on a fellowship, when he shall put off his Scholarship, seeing the Scholarship keeps him company no farther than to the degree of Master of Arts, and a quarter of a year after, in those Colleges, where Scholarships are longest lived. And in some not so long.  
In some Colleges, The Fellowship follows the Scholarship of course, and as the one leaveth him, the other entertains him. But in the most it is not so, but comes by Election. Which Election passeth by the Master and Senior Fellows, whereof every one doth name one, if the number to be Elected will bear it: or if not, than they pass by most voices.  
Where note, that the Master hath a double voice, and in some places he hath the nomination of one, if there be two places void, yea if there be but one at sometimes.  
In Colleges the letters of great persons, especiof the Lords grace of Canterbury, and the University Chancellor have been of great prevailance. But it is not so now in these days.  
There be beneficial gradations of preferment likewise, for Fellows in their Colleges; as Lecturer, Deane, Bowser, Vice-master, and Master. But for my part, I better like and commend those who when they find themselves fit to put forth into the world, take the first preferment that is offered unto them, rather than such who live cloistered like Votaries: who have Sacraments to fill up their places be it but to keep out others, such as use no exercise, but wiping the dust off their books, and have an excellent activity in handling the fox tail, such as hold no honour like to Supplicat reverentijs vestris. And to be head Bowsier of the College, as good as to be Chief Butler of England.  
These preferments of the College all but that of the Master comes of course by order, and antiquity. Therefore no means but patient abiding needs for the acquiring of them in their due time.  
I hasten to send your son out of the Cloister into the Commonwealth, and to show you how many ways of Advancement are open unto him abroad, with the means to discover, and attain.   

And first for the Ministry.  
First for his ease let him look no farther then next to hand, and inquire what benefices belong to their own College, and are in the gift of their Master and Senior fellows (as most Colleges have diverse such) and amongst them which are void at the present, or whose Incumbent is not like to live long. And if he find out any such; than if he know not after so long cotinuance among them to speak in his Seniors own Dilect, let him never travail beyond Trumpington for me.  
More indigitly, For attaining of such a Benefice, let him inquire where the Matins are read with Spectacles, or where the good old man is lifted up into the pulpit, or the like, and make a way for Succession accordingly.  
Where note, that many times a fellow of the house may hold such a Benefice together with his fellowship, or a Pension for increment of livelihood. And such ties, as these are commonly the bond of matrimony whereby they are so wedded to the College.  
Next, he must climb up to the main top of Speculation, and there look about him to discover what Benefices are empty abroad where the Incumbent lives only upon the Alms of Confectio Alchermis: Or where one is ready to take his rise out of Sierge into Satin, out of Parsonage and a prebendary, into a Deanarie and a Donative, let him not be slow of footmanship in that case by any means.   

For Benefices abroad.  
Benefices a broad are in the gift of  

The King immediately;  
Or the Lord Keeper for the King.  
Some Lord Bishop,  
Some Dean and Chapter:  
Some Body incorporate:  
Some Parish:  
Some Private Patron:   
You shall find in the Tower (a collection of the Patent Rolls gathered, of all Presentations made by the King in those days to any Church prebendary or Chapel. In right of the Crown or otherways from 1. of Edward the first, till the midst of Edward the third.  
The King himself only and immediately presenteth in his own right, to such Benefices as belong to him and are above twenty pounds' value in the first Fruits Books.  
For attaining of any which, I can advice you of no better course, than to learn the way to the back stairs.  
The Lord Keeper presents for the King to all such benefices as belong to his Majesty, and are under twenty pounds' value in the books.  
Now to know which of these are full, and who are Incumbents in any of these.  

Search,  
The first Fruits Office.  
The Clerk, who hath the writing of the Presentations.  
The Lord Keeper's Secretary being.   
Where note that the King hath used very seldom to grant any such living in Reversion.  
And the Lord Keeper now being. His care is so great in this, as in all cases of common good to provide for man's merit, and cherish industry in the growing plants, that no one can offer unto him a repuest of this kind, without trespass to his good disposition.  
In the next place concerning Benefices in the Presentation of any of the Lords Bishops.  
Note that most Bishoprics in England, have presentation to diverse Benefices belonging to their Seas 

For the number and present estate of these. Search.  
Their own Leidgers.  
Their Registers.   

Inquire of  
Their Auditors.  
Their Stewards of their Courts.   And sometimes you shall light upon some of their books of this kind, in the hands of the heirs or Executors of such as have borne such offices under them.  
He that is Chaplain to such a Lord Bishop, hath for the most part the best means, access, and opportunity, to ataine to such a Benefice.  
The commendations of such a great personage as to whom this Patron oweth greatest respect, especially for his affairing in Court, may do some good in the matter.  
The like ways of discovery, and the like means of attaining any Benefice in the Presentation of any Dean, and Chapter, are to be used with them respectively, as with the Bishops.  
With every Dean and Chapter, are likewise diverse Prebendaries to be obtained of their gift after the same manner, and by the same means also.  
The other bodies Incorporate, besides those of Colleges, and Deans and Chapters have many of them (especially of London, and some subordinate Societies thereof) right of the presentation to diverse Benefices.  
Also some Parishes by prescription do present to their own perochiall Benefices. And many Patrons are content to present, according to the approbation of the Parishioners upon their hearing, and allowing, and due exclamation of the integrity of the life of such suitors, and no otherwise, diverse governors, and gradations of the lands of diverse Hospitals, and Mesons de dien have like right of presentation to Benefices, as have other bodies Incorporate. And the means of discovery and attaining are likewise the like.  
In Parishes, and Companies of Tradesmen Incorporate, some very few rule the roast.  
Your Alderman of the Ward his Deputy, your Common Councell-man. Yea sometime that petty Epitome of Wardemote Enquerst, that little busy morsel of justice (the Beadle of the Ward) will make a strong party in the election, if he be put to it. The Probotory Sermon, that must be made upon such trial before such an Auditory, would be according to the capacity in general. But more esespecially, according to the humour and addiction of those whose wits the rest have in singular reverence. As Mr. Francis Fiat, a good understanding Fishmonger (I assure you) you may give the style of right worshipful to them, though the best man of the company be but a Wine Cooper, and his judgement better in Claret, then in Contioclerum a great deal.  
If your son upon his trial can but fit their palates smoothly which is hard to do; In regard that they are so hollow mouthed, let him be sure though he miss the Benefice for want of preparation, yet ten to one but they will strain themselves to bring him in as a Lecturer, which is a thing they reverence far beyond the Parson of the Parish by many degrees.  
Lastly, for private Patrons, and the Benefices in their gifts;  

Search,  
The Bishop's Register: for justitution, and Presentation.  
The Archdeacon's Register: for the Induction.  
The Archbishop's Register: if it be a Peculiar.   
It was my chance lately to see a book of all the Benefices within the Diocese of Canterbury, with the manner of their tything in every each one respectively. In which I find, that there are, or should be with the Register of every Lord Bishop, seven Books kept for Entry of the matters, and business of their Diocese, of which this of Benefices is the chief.  
The like I saw formerly of the Diocese of St. david's which confirms me in the institution, and custom of keeping the said books also in other Diocese.  
And seeing that several privare Patrons are of several dispositions, some more Lucrative and Covetous: Others more charitable, and religious, I can give you no other rule of attaining the Benefice than this, viz.  
That your son bring with him ability of learning. Integrity of life, and conformity of behaviour, according to the order of the Church established amongst us and these shall make his way, with the good and generous Patron. But for the other patron it makes no matter at all for learning and a very little for manners, or whether he be a man conformable or no. Truly he is indifferent, for his part very indifferent.  
To such a patron your son must present himself: thus (if he mean to be presented) according to present necessity. He must both speak and prove himself a man endued with good gifts. For he shall have to deal with a Patron of a quick Capacity, more dexterous in apprehension than your son or you can be in delivery.  
Be this Patron what he will, your comfortis, the Benefice must be filled, and that within a limited time, howsoever it is dangerous to attend the ending of the day in this case, (For seldom doth the Clerk of the market get any thing by their standing too long and above their accustomed hour.)  
Lapse by reason of Simony and Lapse for not presenting, in due time; Both offer advancement to learning But the first is at hand to discover as a witch: And the second as rare to find out as a faithful fiduciary or a fast Friend.  
The degrees of rising in the Ministry are not easier known than practised by the industrious man.  
Briefly if all Church livings in England were equally distributed, There is no one of the Ministry if he want not learning, or good manners needs want maintenance, or good Livelihood.  
Here I could wish to God; That it might please the right reverend Fathers of the Church the Lord Bishops; That they would once in every of their times cause a true Catalogue of all the Benefices within their several Diocese with the names of the Patrons thereof according to the last presentation to be sent into the office of the first fruits for the better information of all such as deserve, and would gladly attain to some means of maintenance, which they may the better do by having recourse thither, there to take notice of all things of this nature. For I know that many fit down in their wants, having good means to many private Patrons, only for lack of knowledge of the same.  
Note that it is an usual thing in private Parons to grant reversion, and Advowson of such livings,  
Myself intended heretofore to collect all such Benefices with their Patrons, into a certain Calendar for such direction (as aforesaid) and made some passage into it. But the farther I went, the more impossible I found it. And I am now resolved that without the Bishop's assistance it cannot be done.  
And so much for the Ministry.   

The Law's promotions follow. By Civil Law, and Common Law.  
FOr breeding of your youth in the Civil Law, there are two Colleges of especial note in our Universities: the one is Trinitie-hall in Cambridge; the other is, New-Colledge in Oxford.  
I remember me not of any Free-school in England, that have any place appendent in Trinitie-hall in Cambridge. But in new College of Oxford, the Free-school of Winchester, hath claim both of Scholarships, and Fellowships (the whole College consisting of none other, as I take it.  
It is to be confessed, the charge of breeding a man to the Civil Law, is more expensive, and the way more painful, and the books of greater number, and price than the Common Law requireth. But after that the Civil Lawyer is once grown to Maturity. His way of Advancement is more beneficial, more certain, and more easy to attain, than is the Common Lawyers, and all because their number is less, their learning more intricate. And they admit few or no Solicitors to trample between them and the Client. So that the Fee comes to them immediately, and with the more advantage.  

The Preferments at which they may arrive, are these:  
Chancellor to the Bishop.  
Archdeacon.  
Commissarie, where they have Commissary Official.  
judge, and Surrogate.  
Advocate for the King.  
Mr. of the Chancery.  
The King's Proctor.  
Advocate, and Proctor at large.   

In these Courts, viz.  
The High Commission.  
The Delegates.  
The Prerogative.  
The Consistory.  
The Arches.  
The Bishop's Courts.  
The Archdeacon's Courts.  
Chancellors, Commissaries and Officials Cou.  
The Admiralty Courts.  
The Court of the King's Requests,   
In times past.  
The countenance of some Bishop, especially of the Lord Archbishop upon a Civilian, will much advance his practice as an Advocate, and give him promotion as a judge.  
There are under the greater officers aforenamed, diverse other inferior Officers: as 

Register.  
Arctuarie.  
Examiner.    
The number of the Doctors (though I find them never to have been limited.) Yet it is certain that the time was within memory of man, when the house of their Commons did commonly give them all sufficient lodging, and diet. And as for the number of Proctors, they were of late times limited. How it is now I know not.   

For the Common Law.  
FOr breeding of Students at the Common Law, take directions for their method of study out of that Tractate which Mr. justice Dodridge did in his time pen for the purpose. Only (for my part) I do much commend the ancient custom of breeding of the younger Students. First, in the Inns of Chancery; there to be the better prepared for the Inns of Court. And this must needs be the better way, seeing too much liberty at the first proves very fatal, to many of the younger sort. I have observed, and much commend also the breeding of some Common Lawyers in this kind, viz.  
That when they have been admitted first into an Inn of the Chancery, they have been withal entered as Clerks in the office of some Prothonotary of the Common-Pleas to add the skill of the Practice to their speculation. And if a Student be thus bred, by his foundation in the one; and his experience in the other, he shall with more facility than others, who step into the Inn of Court at first, attain to an ability of practice.  
Besides other ordinary requisite parts and Arts in a Common Lawyer. Skill in the Records of all Courts of Record, and in other antiquities of Precedent. With some Reading in the Civil Law, also will much enable him.  
The Common Lawyer is to be bred only upon the purse. The charge most at the first. For after he hath spent some few years effectually. He may attain to the employment of some private friends, for advising with, and instructing of greater Counsel, whereby he shall add both to his means, and knowledge.  
It is true, that I have known some Attorneyes and Solicitors, put on a Counsellors gown, without treading the same usual path to the bar (as aforesaid.) But indeed, I never look upon them, but I think of the Tailor, who in one of his Customers cast suits had thrust himself in amongst the Nobility at a Court Mask, where pulling out his Handkerchief, he let fall his Thimble, and was so discovered, and handled, and dandled from hand to foot, till the Guard delivered him at the great Chamber door, and cried, farewell good feeble.  
If the Common Lawyer be sufficiently able in his profession, he shall want no practice, if no practice no profit.  
The time was that the younger Counsel had some such help, as  

To be a Favourite.  
A Kindred.  
To marry a Niece, Cousin, or a Chambermaid.   
But those days be past, and better supply their rooms.  
As fellows of Colleges in the Universities get pensions, or Benefices, to add to their livelihood. So Barresters and Counsellors of the Inns of Court, advance their means by keeping of  

Courts of Manors.  
Leets, and Barons:  
Swanimootes of Forests.  
Stannaries.  
Cinque Ports, etc.   

By places of  
judges of Inferior Courts. As  
London, and other like Corporations.  
The Virdge.  
The Tower of London.  
St. Katherine's near the Tower.  
Borough of Southwark.  
The Clinke.  
Wentworth and like Liberties.   

By office of  
Recorder of some Corporate Town.  
Feoda rye of some Counties:  
The King's Council in the Marches of Wales, or at York, or judge, or Counsel of some County Palatine:   
The greater places of preferment for Common Lawyers are.  

The judges at Westminster, and elsewhere:  
The next, are all the several Officers of the Courts of Westminster and elsewhere:   
All which you shall find set forth briefly in Smith's Commonwealth of England, and part in mine own Search of Records. And all these, together afford sufficient maintenance for thousands of persons who may be here well provided for.  
Here I should and here I could for better direction of younger brothers show what menial Clarkeships of large exhibition, are under the great Officers of the Land, the judges, the King's Council, and other Officers which are not elsewhere published. And I know it would open a door to many a proper man's preferment, especially; under the Lord Keeper: as Secretaries for Chancery business, and Spiritual promotions, the Commission of the Peace, Injunctions, the Dockquets. And other the like under the Lord Treasurer, as Secretaries for the business of the Realm, and the Customhouse besides the Inlets to so many preferments about the Customs, and Escheators: places, under the Lord Treasurer, under the Chancellor of the Exchequer Duchy, and Principality of Wales, and Duchy of Cornwall, as Seal keeper, Secretary, etc.  
Under the Master of the Court of Wards, as Secretary; under the judges, as Martial. Clerk of the Bails, etc. Under the Barons of the Exchequer, as Examiner; Clerk of the Bails and other Clerks.  
Under the King's Attorney General, as Clerk of the Pattens, Clerk of the Confessions and entries, Clerk of the References, Book bearer. Under the Solicitor General, Clerk of the Patents, Book bearer. Besides many other Clerks under the white staffs of the Court, and in the Counting house, and many several offiices. All which with hundreds more that I could name, with a plainer and more large deduction, were it not for fear that what I well intent for general good would be taken in offence for private prejudice. But for the Clarkeships of the King's household examine farther the Black book in the Exchequer,   

The Physician follows.  
ANd here I remember me of an old tale following, viz.  
At the beginning of the happy reign of our late good Queen Elizabeth, diverse Commissioners of great place being authorized to inquire of, and to displace all such of the Clergy as would not conform to the reformed Church, one amongst others was Convented before them, who being asked whehter he would subscribe or no, deniedit, and so consequently was adjudged to lose his benefice, and to be deprived his function, whereupon in his impatience he said;  
That if they (meaning the Commissioners) held this course it would cost many a man's life. For which the Commissioners called him back again, and charged him that he had spoke treasonable, and seditious words tending to the raising of a rebellion, or some tumult in the Land, for which he should receive the reward of a Traitor. And being asked whether he spoke those words or no, he acknowledged it, and took upon him the justification thereof; for said he, ye have taken from me my living, and profession of the Ministry, Scholarship is all my portion; and I have no other means now left for my maintenance but to turn Physician, and before I shallbe absolute Master of that Mystery (God he knows) how many men's lives it will cost. For few Physicians use to try experiments upon their own bodies.  
With us it is a Profession can maintain but a few. And diverse of those more indebted to opinion, than learning, and (for the most part) better qualified in discoursing their travails than in discerning their patient's maladies. For it is grown to be a very huswives trade, where fortune prevails more than skill. Their best benefactor the Neapolitan Their grand Seignieur. The Sorpego, their Gonfollinere. The Sciaticke, Their great Marshal that calls the Muster roll of them all together at every Spring and fall, are all as familiar to her as the Cuckoo at Canck-wood in May. And the cure of them is the skill of every good old Ladies cast Gentlewoman, when she gives over painting, she falls to plastering and shall have, as good practice as the best of them, for those kind of diseases.  
Marry for women's griefs amongst Physicians, the Masculine is more worthy than the Feminine.  
Secrecy is the chief skill, and virility the best learning that is required in a Woman's Physician. But I never read of many of those to be long lived, or honestly wived hitherto in all my reading.  
Hitherto I speak nothing in disrepute of the more reverend, and learned sort of Physicians who are to be had in singular reverence, and be useful to mankind next to the Divine. Indeed, I rather pity them, and pitying smile to see how prettily these young gamesters Male and Female lay about them, and engross the greater part of Patientrie in all places wheresoever.  
And here I may more fitly say (God knows) how many men's lives this abused opinion had of such Gamesters costs. Because they be not Masters of that Mystery, and that science which requires the Greek tongue, exactly, all the learning, and skill of Philosophy, History of all sorts (especially natural) knowledge of all vegetatives and Minerals, and whatsoever dwells within the four elements. Also Skill in Astronomy, Astrology. And so much of the judicials upon all manner of Calculations as may be well warranted with much other kind of learning, art and skill, whereof my young travailing Physician, and trading waiting woman never heard.  

Their means of Advancement are in these ways. viz.  
To be Physician of some College in one of the Universities, (as diverse Colleges have such places)  
Physician to the King or Queen's person.  
Physician to either of their households.  
Or to some Hospital, (as most have such.)  
Or to some great persons, who may prefer them hereafter, and be somewhat helpful in the mean time.  
To a good old Usurer, or one that hath got his great estate together unconscionably: For they fear nothing but death, and will buy life at any rate: There is no coward to an ill Conscience.   
It is not amiss, to make way of acquaintance with Gallants given to deep drinking, and surfeyting: For they are patients at all times of the year.  
Or, a Gentlewoman that would fain use the means to be pregnant.  
Or, your Lascivious Lady, and your man in the Periwig will help to furnish with a foot-cloth.  
A Citizen's wife of a weak stomach, will supply the fringe to it.  
And if all fail. And the bath will afford no room: Let them find out some strange water, some unheardof Spring. It is an easy matter to discolour or alter the taste of it in some measure, (it makes no matter how little.) Report strange cures that it hath done. Beget a Superstitious opinion in it. Good-fellowship shall uphold it. And the neighbouring Towns shall all swear for it.   

The Apprentice follows.  
THe first question is, to what Trade you will put your Son, and which is most worthy of choice. For the Merchant it requireth great stock, great experience in Foreign estates. And great hazard, and adventure at the best.  
And this is not all. For it depends upon the Peace of our State with foreign Princes, especially those with whom we hold mutual traffic. Or, who lie in our way to intercept, or impediment our Trade abroad. Besides that, in time of War they can hold no certainty of dealing, or supplying their factory in parts beyond the Seas. Shipping is subject ever at the let go, to be stayed. Mariners to be pressed, and many other inconveniences attend them in such times. Besides the burden of Custom and Imposition which all States impose more or less. So that unless we have peace with such Neighbours, there is little hope in that profession in the ordinary and lawful way of trading.  
Happily you will allege that some Merchants thrive well enough, when the wars most rage, and when the stream of State is most troubled. Some than hold it to be the best fishing; they that gain then (Sir) if they gain justifiably: gain not as Merchants, but as men of War, which occupation a man may learn without serving seven years Apprenticeship unto it.  
And if they gain justifiably as Merchants, it must be in some general stock of a Society incorporated, who have purse to pass to and fro with sufficient power, in the most dangerous times. And if such Societies are tolerable at any time, it is at such times. How they be otherwise allowable. I leave to consideration.  
For the Shopkeeper, his welfare for the most part, depends upon the prosperity of the Merchant. For if the Merchant sit still, the most of them may shut up their Shop windows. Little Skill, Art, or Mystery, shall a man learn in Shop-keeping. A man shall never in foreign parts, being put to his shifts out of his own Meridian, live by the skill of weighing and measuring. The most use of advantage, he can make of it, is to benefit between the Mart and the Market, than which nothing is more uncertain, seeing there is no true judicial of the falling, and rising of commodities, And the casualties that they are subject unto, (especially) in time of War.  
Take this for a general rule, that those Trades which ask most with an Apprentice, are incertainest of thriving, and require greatest stocks of setting up. Amongst Trades, give me those that have in them some Art, Craft, or Science, by which a man may live, and be a welcome guest to all Countries abroad, and have employment in the most stormy times at home, when Merchants and Shopkeepers are out of use: (as.)  

An Apothecary.  
A Druggist.  
A Chirurgeon.  
A Lapidary.  
A jeweller.  
A Printer.  
An Ingraver in Stones and Mettle.  
One that hath skill in seasoning of Shipwood.  
A Carpenter of all sorts, especially of Shipping.  
A Smith of all sorts, especially of Clocks, Watches, Guns, etc.  
A Planter, and Gardner of all sorts.  
An Engineer for making of Patars, and the like Engines of War. And  
Hot Presses for Cloth, etc. And  
Engines to weigh any Ship, or Guns that are drowned, etc. Skrues, etc.  
A maker of all sorts of Instruments, for Navigation, Compasses, Globes, Astrolabes.  
A Drainer of grounds Surmounded.  
A Salemaker, and  
A maker of Cordage, Tackle, etc.  
A Lymner.  
A Clothier, a Clothworker, and a Dyer.  
A Tailor, Shoemaker, Glover, Perfumer, and Trimmer of Gloves.  
An Imbroiderer.  
A Feltmaker, a Glazier, and one that can paint in Glass.  
Briefly, any Manufacture or trade, wherein is any Science, or Craft.   
Only those Trades are of least use and benefit, which are called Huswives Trades (as Brewer, Baker, Cook, and the like.) Because they be the skill of Women as well as of men, and common to both.  
I would have you know, that the Maker was before the Retaylor, and most Shopkeepers are but of a sublimated Trade and retail, but as Attorneyes to the maker. But if the Maker (without dispute of Freedom in any Corporation, might set up Shop and sell his commodity immediately) it would be a great deal better for the Commonwealth, than now it is.  
Besides, it is no matter of difficulty, burden, or disgrace, for a Shopkeeper, yea a Merchant, or a Gentleman, to have the skill of some one of these Manufactures, besides his Revenue, or profession, to accompany him, what fortune soever may carry him into Country's unknown.  
To my knowledge, a great Earl lately of this Land, did think it no scorn to endeavour the attaining of the Craft, and trade of a Farrior, wherein he grew excellent.  
And when our acquaintance took first life with those of the Low Countries, upon a Treaty wherein our Ambassador strove to set forth the worthiness of our King and Kingdom, with the Native commodities thereof. The Dutch (ignorantly conceiving that no man could attain to wealth, without some good occupation, or manufacture) asked him, what handicraft our King was brought up unto, or what trade he had used to get so much wealth withal.  
I admit the Merchant Royal, that comes to his Profession by travail and Factory, full fraught, and free adventure to be a profession worthy the seeking. But not the hedge-creeper, that goes to seek custom from shop to shop, with a Cryll under his arm, That leaps from his Shopboard to the Exchange, and after he is fame-falne and credit cracked, in two or three other professions, shall wriggle into this and that, when he comes upon the Exchange, in stead of enquiring after such a good ship, spends the whole hour in disputing, whether is the more profitable housekeeping, either with powder Beef & brews, or with fresh Beef and Porridge: though (God wot) the black Pot at home be guilty of neither. And so he departs when the Bell rings, and his guts rumble, both to one tune, and the same purpose.  
The Merchant Royal might grow prosperous, were it not for such poor patching interloping Lapwings, that have an adventure of two Cauldron of Coals at Newcastle; As much oil in the Greeneland fishing, as will serve two Cobblers for the whole year ensuing. And an other at Rowsie, for as many Fox-skins, as will fur his Long-lane gown, when he is called to the Livery.  
The Shopkeeper is a cleanly Trade; especially, your Linen-draper, which company hath the greatest Commonalty, and the largest privileges of all other; and yet they maintain nothing by Charter, for (indeed) they have none.  
But a manufacture for my money; especially, if he sell to the wearer immediately.  
Now for the better encouragement of men of Trade. Know that in most Companies of Tradesmen incorporate (especially in London) there is provision made by diverse benefactors of their Societies deceased, for the enabling and setting up of young beginners, by stocks of money remaining in the hands of some few of the chief of their Company, (how faithfully disposed I leave to their own consideration.) But surely the poorer sort complain much of the misimployment of it generally.  
There is but one little Crevice to peep in at their dealings. And that is between their Master's conscience, & the Clarks connivance, which is so narrow, that you may sooner discern the South Pole through the main Centre, than discover their mystery.  
Indeed in times past, the Clearkship of the Company hath been bestowed upon some ancient decayed member of the Company, for his livelihood. But the Attorney and Scrivener; and some petty Clerks of the City, by the Letters of, etc. pre-occupy those places.  
And here I could wish for righting of the dead, and relieving of the poorer members of such Companies, who are kept in ignorance. That some pains were taken in the Prerogative Office, for the collating of all gifts of this nature, to be published in print, that the meanest might thereby be able to call their Grand Masters to account, if they abuse the trust in them reposited in this behalf. I acknowledge the youth of mine age to be determined. And (God knows) how poor a remain of life is left in my Glass, yet if it may please those in whom the power resteth, to give me leave to search (Gratis) for all Grants and gifts of pious use in all kinds whatsoever. I could willingly bestow that little of my Lamp, in collection of these things, and publish them to posterity. Provided always, that I and mine may have the privilege of imprinting the same for some fitting number of years to come.   

The Navigator.  
NExt to the man of Trade, or rather equally with him, I must give the Navigator his due for that his profession is as full of science, as useful to the Common wealth, and as profitable to himself as any trade whatsoever. If he attain the skill of knowing, and handling the tackle, the certain art of his Compass; the knowledge of languages, and dispositions of foreign Nations where he travails and trades, he may rise from a Squabler to a Master, from a Master to be a General honestly, and with good reputation in a short time.  

The Navigator his way of Advancement, and employment is, by  
The Lords of his Majesty's privy Council,  
The High Admiral:  
Commissioners for the King's Navy:  
Chief Officers of the Navyes of Societies incorporate:  
Private Merchants, and the like.  
With the Trinity house.   
But if he get to be an Owner he may trade as free as bird in air, as a man of war or a man of trade, and Commerce. If he take heed that he entrench not upon the incorporated Companies, especially the minotaur. He cannot do amiss (with God's assistnace.) He may live merrily, and contentedly, be it but in trading as a mere Carrier of home commodities. Imported from one port to another within the kingdom.   

The Husbandman.  
THe Husbandman may likewise for the happy content of the life, and the honest gain which it brings with it, be worthy to invite a right good man's son to undergo the profession.  
Your son whom you intent for a Husbandman, must be of a disposition part gentile, and rustic equally mixed together. For if the Gentleman be predominant: his running Nag will out run the Constable. His extraordinary strong Beer will be too headstrong in office of Churchwarden. And his well mouthed dogs will make him out-mouth all the Vestry. But if the clown be predominant he will smell all brown bread and garlic. Besides, he must be of a hardy temper than the rest of his brethren, because the unhealthfullest corners of the Kingdom are the most profitable for Fermors. He must especially aim at a tenancy under the Crown, or some Bishop's Sea, Deane and Chapter; some College; some Company, some Hospital, or some other body incorporate. Wherein the Auditor or Receiver, must be his best Intelligencer, and Director. Young unthrifts acquaintance when they first arrive at the age of one and twenty. And good old conscionable Landlords that hold it a deadly sin to raise the rents of their Grandfathers, or hope to be delivered out of Purgatory by their Tenants prayers will do well  

These professions before mentioned, be (as it were) the orbs to receive all fixed stars, and such dispositions as may be put into any certain frame.  
But for a more libertine disposition, Fit it with the profession of a Courtier.  
For an overflowing, and Ranker disposition, make him a Soldier.  
But beyond this he is a lost man, not worthy a father's remembrance, or providence.    

The Courtier's ways of advancement be these:  
BY the general and most ancient rule of Court, if you would have him to be preferred unto the King's service in the end. And in the mean time to have sufficient means of maintenance. Place him with one of the White Staves of the Household.  
By the more particular rule, (if you can) put him unto the Lord High Steward his Service (who amongst the white Staves) hath the chiefest hand in preferring to any office beneath stairs.  
If the High Steward be full, seek to the Lord Chamberlain, who hath the chief power to prefer to the places above stairs, and to the Wardrobe.  
And if there be no entrance there, then seek to the Treasurer of the Household, and next to the Controllor. The Master of the Household. The Cofferer, and the rest of the green Cloth.  
The Master of the Horse prefers to the Avenanarie and other Clarkeships offices, and places about the Stable.  
The principal Secretary hath heretofore had a great hand in preferring to the Clarkeships in the office of the Signet, and the Lord privy Seal into the privy Seal office.  
The Master of the great Wardrobe into the Clarkeships, and offices there. The Master of the Robes. The Master of the jewell-house, the Keeper of the privy Purse. The Master of the Toils and Tents with some other the like have whilom been the means of preferring diverse their followers into the service of the King, in diverse beneficial places, and Clarkeships, in their several offices respectively.  
The Lord Treasurer without the house, prefers to his Majesty's service, in most places in or about the Custome-houses, in all the parts of England.  
And besides these, I finde no means used of old, for preferment into the King's service for these kind of places.  
The yeomen of the Guard, were wont to come in for their personage, and activity by their Captain's allowance.  
And the Bedchamber men's servants, ever were in way to be preferred for Pages of the privy Chamber, or Grooms, or placed at the back stairs, not of right, but of custom.  
For the Clerks of the Household, they were wont anciently to rise by certain degrees, according to the prescription of the Black Book, but how it is now, I know not.  
For your better satisfaction of Court Offices, their order and Fee. Search, the Black Book in the Exchequer, and in the Court. And for all Offices whatsoever under the King, throughout the whole Kingdom; Either in Castle, Parke, Chase, Court, or house of the King's royalty or place soever, with the then Fees of the same, I refer you to a book. Whereof many hundred Copies are extant, which was collected by the Lord Treasurer Burleigh, and by him delivered to the late Queen Elizabeth of famous memory. And so much for the Courtier.   

The Soldier follows.  
ANd the question is first.  
Whether the better way of thriving, is to be a Sea Soldier, or a Land Soldier.  
Questionless the better way of thriving is to be a Sea Soldier. In this Kingdom of England being an Island, for that he is more useful to his Country. More learning is required to be a Sea Soldier than to be a Land Soldier. A Sea Soldier is certain of victuals, and wages; where the Land Soldiers pay will hardly find him sustenance. A Sea Soldier may now and than chance to have a snapp at a booty or a price which may in an instant make him a fortune for ever; where the Land Soldier may in an age come to the ransacking of a poor fisher Town at the most.  
More valour is required in a Sea Soldier than in a Land Soldier; because the extremity of the place requires it. The Sea Captain is exposed to as much danger during the whole fight as the poorest man in the Ship; where the land Captain useth but to offer his men to the face of the enemy, and than retreateth.  
The way to rise to preferment at Sea, is by the Admiral's Countenance, and the Vice Admirals in the King's service, or in other service by the favour of great traded Merchants, and especially of your bodies incorporate: and their chief Officers; and more especially their Precedent, and Treasurer for the time being.  
His breeding is a matter of more moment than his age regardeth.  
If he be true bred, he should be first made a perfect Navigator able to direct the Steerage of their course, able to know the tackle, and appoint every Sailor to his charge. He should know what number of Saylors, what Ordinance, and what munition should be requisite for a Ship of such a burden.  
He should be a skilful Caneere, and able to direct the Gunner, to say what quantity of powder a Piece of such boar and depth requireth, and of what weight the bullet should be where such a quantity of powder is used, whether the Piece be sound or honycombed. He should be able to know and direct what quantity of victual should be required for so many men, for such a voyage. And what quantity of powder and shot.  
Also, to oversee and direct the Purser and Steward in the expense of their victual without profuseness, or too much percemonie.  
Likewise skilful in all manner of Fireworks and fitting Engines for sea fight.  
Briefly, he should be so complete, as that none should be able to teach him in his place, and he skilful to control every other in their places. He should be courteous and loving to his men. Above all things he should be zealous of the honour of God. See that the divine service be duly read on board Evening and Morning, and that swearing be severely punished. A Sea Captain, is not a place for a young man to leap into instantly, and immediately out of a Lady's Vshership; a Great man's bed chamber, or a Littleton's discipleship.  
It is not your feathered Gallant of the Court, nor your Tavern Roarer of the City, becomes this place I assure you.  
I find not any Meson de dieu for relieving of mained Mariners only, but that erected at Chattam by Sir john Hawkins Knight, Treasurer of the Navy of the late Q. Elizabeth; wherein it was provided, that there should be a deduction of Sixpence by the Month, out of every man and boy their wages in every voyage towards the same. Which I could wish were aswell employed as collected.   

The Land-Souldier follows.  
IF the Land-Souldier think to thrive and rise by degrees of service, from a Common Soldier to a Captain in this age, (alas) he is much deceived.  
That custom is obsolete, and grown out of use. Do what he can do in Land-service, he shall hardly rise by his single merit.  
His happiness shall be but to fill his hungry belly, and Satiate himself upon a Pay day.  
But if he be of Kinne, or a favourite to some great Officer, he may carry the Colours the first day, be a Lieutenant the second, and a Captain before he knows how many days go to the week in their Regiment.  
The Land-service where a man may learn most experience of War discipline, is in the Low-Countries, by reason of the long exercise of Wars and variety of Stratagems there.  
Beyond that Northward, the service is both more unprofitable and more dangerous, and less experience is to be there learned.  
The more your Son turns his face to the South the more profitable the Land-service is.  
Lastly, if he have no friend or kindred to raise him in the Land-service, I assure you that there is no Law against buying and selling of Offices in the Low-Countries, for aught that I have read. Neither is it markable amongst them.  
After the Soldier returns home, it makes no matter what number of wounds he can reckon about him.  
All the ways of relief for him that I can number are these:  

A poor Knight's place of Windsor; If the Herald report him a Gentleman, And the Knights of the Honourable Order of the Garter will accept him.  
A Brother of Suttons Hospital; If the Feoffees have not Servants of their own to prefer before him.  
A Pensioner of the County; If the lustices find him worthy. And that he was pressed forth of the same County. Saint Thomas in Southwark, and St. Bartholmews, Smithfield; only till their wounds or diseases be cured and no longer. And that if the Masters of the said Hospitals please to receive them.   
For the Savoy where Soldiers had a foundation, I know none now.  
And other Houses appropriated for relief of Soldiers now in use I remember none.  
For the chief are long since demolished. The Templarij are gone. The Knights of St. john of jerusalem forgotten. That famous House upon Lincoln green is razed to the ground. And many the like now better known by the Records than the remains of their ruins with their Revenue, are all diverted from the uses of their first foundation to private and peculiar Inheritances, which I pity more than the dissolution of all the Monasteries that ever were.  
here you see, is preferment enough for your six Sons though you bestow every one upon a several Profession. Only take this general Rule for all, viz.  
To what course soever your sons shall betake them. Be sure that they all have Crammar learning at the least. So shall they be able to receive and retain the impression of any the said Professions. And otherwise, shall scarce possibly become Masters in the same, or any one of them. Or if they do, It will be with more than ordinary pains and difficulty.   

Your three Daughters challenge the next place.  
FOr their Portions, I showed you before; how and when to raise them. That is, by the Marriage of your eldest Son, or out of that part of your personal estate which you may spare without prejudice of yourself.  
I would have their breeding like to the Dutch Woman's clothing, tending to profit only and comeliness.  
Though she never have a dancing Schoolmaster, A French Tutor, nor a Scotch Tailor, to make her shoulders of the breadth of Bristol Cowsway. It makes no matter. For working in curious Italiam purls, or French borders, it is not worth the while. Let them learn plain works of all kind, so they take heed of too open seeming. In stead of Song and Music, let them learn Cookery and Laundry. And in stead of reading Sir Philip Sidneys' Arcadia, let them read the grounds of good housewifery. I like not a female Poetresse at any hand. Let greater personages glory their skill in music, the posture of their bodies, their knowledge in languages, the greatness, and freedom of their spirits: and their arts in arreigning of men's affections, at their flattering faces. This is not the way to breed a private Gentleman's Daughter.  
If the mother of them be a good Huswife, and Religiously disposed, let her have the bringing up of one of them. Place the other two forth betimes, and before they can judge of a good manly leg.  
The one in the house of some good Merchant, or Citizen of civil and Religious government, The other in the house of some Lawyer, some judge, or well reported justice or Gentleman of the Country, where the Servingman is not too predominant. In any of these she may learn what belongs to her improvement, for Sempstrie, for Confectionary, and all requisits of Housewifery. She shall be sure to be restrained of all rank company, and unfitting liberty; which are the overthrow of too many of their Sex.  
There is a pretty way of breeding young Maids an Exchange shop, or St. martin's le grand. But many of them get such a foolish Crick with carrying the Bandbox under their Apron to gentlemen's Chambers, that in the end it is hard to distinguish whether it be their belly or their bandbox makes such a goodly show.  
And in a trade where a woman is sole Chapman, she claims such a pre-eminence over her husband, that she will not be held to give him an account of her dealings, either in retail, or whole sail at any rate.  
The Merchant's Factor, and Citizen's servant of the better sort, cannot disparage your Daughters with their Society.  
And the judges, Lawyers, and justices followers, are not ordinary Servingmen, but men of good breed, and their education for the most part Clarkely, whose service promiseth their farther and future advancement.  
Your Daughter at home will make a good wife for some good Yeoman's eldest Son, whose father will be glad to crown his sweeting frugality, with alliance to such a house of Gentry.  
The youngmans' fingers will itch to be handling of Taffeta, and to be placed at the Table, and to be carved unto by Mistress Dorothy, it will make him and the good plain old jone his Mother, to pass over all respect of Portion or Patrimony.  
For your Daughter at the Merchants, and her sister if they can carry it wittily, the City affords them variety.  
The young Factor being fancy-caught in his days of Innocency, & before he travail so far into experience as into foreign Countries, may lay such a foundation of first love in her bosom, as no alteration of Climate can alter.  
So likewise, may Thomas the foreman of the Shop, when beard comes to him, as Apprenticeship goes from him, be entangled and belymed with the like springs. For the better is as easily surprised as the worse.  
Some of your Clerkly men complain the moisture of their palms. Others the Sorpego in their wrists, both movin●●●anes.  
With a little patience your daughter may light upon some Counsellor at Law, who may be willing to take the young Wench, in hope of favour with the old judge. An Attorney will be glad to give all his profits of a Michaelmas Term, Fees and all, but to woo her through a Crevice. And the Parson of the Parish being her Lady's Chaplain, will forswear eating of Tithe Pig, for a whole year, for such a parcel of Glebe Land at all times.  
And so much for your Sons and Daughters.  
I now espy mine Host of the Bull here in Saint Alban standing at his door upon his left leg like to the old Drummer of Parish-garden, ready to entertain us.  
Therefore I will here conclude with that of the Poet. 

— Navibus atque  
Quadragiss petimus benevivere, quod pet is hic est,  
Est Anglis, animus si te, non deficit equus.     
FINIS.   

LONDON, Printed by B. ALSOP and T. FAUCET for Ben: Fisher, and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Talbot in Aldersgate-street. 1631.