❧ THE castle OF HEALTH GATHERED AND MADE BY SIR THOmas Elyot knight, out of the chief Authors of physic, whereby every man may know the state of his own body, the preservation of health, and how to instruct well his physytion in sickness that he be not deceived. ❧  
1534   

❧ TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THOMAS LORD CRUMWELL LORD PRIVY SEAL Thomas Elyot knight wisheth long life in honour.  
HE GIVETH twice that giveth quickly (saith Senek.) 
Bis dat qui cito dat.  The grief, which I had for your lordship's disease, with the desire that ye mought live long with out sickness, caused such speed in building the Castle of health, that therein lacked some part of perfection, but yet the promptness in giving that thing, which I thought necessary, to declare mine affection, I doubt not, was no lass esteemed of your good lordship, than afore is rehearsed. Not withstanding, when I had eftsoons perused that little fortress, and found here and there some thing that lacked, I took my pen in the stead of a truelle, and amended the faults, and added somewhat more, where I thought it convenient: And yet perchance some things mought happen to escape, which were as needful to be corrected: mine attendence on the parliament, I being a member of the lower house, withdrawing from me leisure convenient, to find in this work all the faults, whithe mought be amended. May 〈◊〉 now like your good lordship to take in good part, not eftsoons the castille, which I all resye have given you, but my good will and diligent in amending or repairing the same, which is also printed in a moche better letter, considering that I no lass do behold you continually with mine eye of remembrance, than they, which at dinner and supper do daily look on you, the cause I will not repeat for suspicion of flattery. petition (as men say) should be requited, but yet crave I none other thing, but only equal benevolence, and faith without any suspicion: whereunto actual demonstration is so much requisite, that without if they both, seem to be drowned, since among us that be mortal, things are most judged by outward tokens. And yet also in them men be sometime deceived, Hypocr●●y having in this world so great a pre-eminence: but in amity is one rule, which seldom faileth. He that liveth moderately, doth love always faithfully: for over him affections and passions have left authority: and he that standeth just in the middle, standeth most surely. Also in the world there is no more folly, than to these friends of them, which do follow Fortune, like as swine do follow the maiden, which beareth on her heed a pail full of milk. And if the pail fall, or happen to be empty, they will follow no longer. The moderate person, where both authority and virtue be in his friend equell, because that virtue was the only cause of his love, that remaining, his mind is in such wise thereunto joined, that although authority happen to slip, yet that love and virtue may never be severed. I have spoken of friendship perchance more than needeth, but who will not wish, (if it mought happen) to have such a treasure, as neither the mountains of Ethiope, nor the rivers of Ind do contain in them, to be thereto compared. Callimachus an ancient poet saith, Puissance is dreadful: richesse is honourable: but love for surety is most incomparable, who perceiveth herein more than your good lordship, which besides the abundant knowledge of histories and natural wit, also concerning this matter in your own sundry experiences, I dare say without flattery, are equal to any noble man living. Yet this my long tale is not superfluous, which is told not to teach you, but only to renew your lordships remembrance, which is not always present, specially where the brain is choked with worldly matters of weighty importance. In such as I am, having little and little to do, remembrance standeth more at liberty, and therefore we may more often think on that, which we have both herd and seen, and in chesing friends, be the more circumspect. But lest I shall make the name of friendship ●edyouse, by often rehersalle, I now conclude, that I leave this little work a monument of the long continued affection by me borne toward your lordship, and a perpetual witness, that I have deserved so moche of your favour, as in mutual friendship is of reason required; which may be as easily paid, as it is granted, if in place, where it ought to be showed, ye do not forget it. In the mean time I shall pray to God to add to your good fortune and health, continuance with his grace and favour wherein only is most perfit surety.   

❧ THE TABLE ▴  
IT must BE remembered, that the number in the Table, doth signify the leaf, and the letter A, doth signify the first page or side, the letter B, the second page or side.  

A  
Annexed to things natural. fol. 1. a.  
Ages. fo. 10. b. 〈◊〉. 40. b  
Air. fol. 12 a  
Appuls'. fol. 21. a  
Almonds. fo. 22. b  
Anyse sede. fo. 25. b  
Ale. fol. 36. b  
Abstinence. fo. 55. b  
Affects of the mind. folio. 64. a   

B  
blood. fol. 8. a  
Beets. fo. 24. b  
Birds. 30. a  
Brain exceeding in heat. fol. 3. b  
Brayn● exceeding in cold. ibidem.  
Brain moist. ibid.  
Brain dry. 4. a  
brain hot & moist. ibi.  
brain hot & dry. ibid.  
Brain cold & moist. 4 b  
brain cold & dry. ibid.  
beans. 25. b  
Breakfast. 43. a  
Blood suckers. 63. a  
Bourage. 27. a  
bread. 28. b  
Black bird. 30. b  
buzzard. 31. a  
Byttour. ibid.  
brain of bestis. 32. a  
Butter. fo. 33. a  
Bie●e. fo. 36. b   

C  
considerations of things belonging to health. 1. a  
Complexion of man. 2. a  
choleric body. 2. b  
Coler. fo. 8. b  
Coler natural. fol. 9 a  
Coler unnatural. ibid.  
Colour. fo. 11. a  
Colour of hear. 11. b  
Custom. 17. b  
Cucumbers. 19 b  
Cherics. 21. a  
Chastnartes. 22. b  
Capers. 23. a  
Coleworts and cabbages. fol. 23. b  
Cyhorye. 24. a  
chervil. 25. a  
Considerations in abstinence. 55. b  
Cloves. 28. b  
C●nyc. 29. b  
Capons, hens, and chickens. 30. a  
Crane. 31. a  
Cheese. 33. a  
Cider. 36. b  
Confortaryves of the heart. 69. a  
Cruditit. 75. b   

D  
DAtes. fol. 20. a  
Dueke. 31. a  
diversity of meats. 44. a  
digestives of choler. folio. 59 b  
digestives of phlegm. folio. 60. a  
Dominion of condry complexions. 70. a  
Diet of sanguine persons. 72. b  
Dtete of choleric per sons. ibid.  
diet of flevinatycks persons. 73. b  
diet of melancolic persons. 74. a  
diet of them, which be ready to fall into sickness. 78. b  
Diet in time of pestilence. 89. a  
Drink between meals. 43. b  
Drink at meals. 46. b  
digested. 55. a   

E  
Elements, fol. 1. b  
endive. 24. b  
Eggs. 33. a  
Exercise. 48. a. 〈◊〉. 50. a  
evacuation. 54. b  
Exetementes. ibidm.   

F  
FLematih body. 2. b  
phlegm. 8. a  
phlegm natural. ib.  
phlegm unnatural. 8. b  
Fruits. 19 a  
figs. 20. a  
Fenell. 25. b  
filberts. 22. a  
Flesh. 29. a  
pheasant. 30. b  
Feet of beasts. 32. b  
Fylhe. ibidem.  
Frytasyes' or rubbings. folio, 49. a   

G  
genitors hot. folio 7. a  
Genytors cold. ibidem.  
genitors moist. ibid.  
genitors dry. ibidem.  
genitors hot and moist. 7. b  
genitors hot and dry. ibidem.  
genitors cold and moist. ibidem.  
Genytoures cold and dry. ibidem.  
Gourds. 19 a  
Grapes. 20. b  
Garlic. 26. b  
Gynger. 28. a  
Goose. 31. a  
Gysar of birds. 31. b  
Gestation. 51. b   

H  
Heart hot distempered. 4. b  
Harte cold dystempered. 5. a  
Heart moist dystempered. ibidem  
Harte dry dystempered. ibidem.  
heart hot & moist. ibid.  
heart hot and dry. 5. b  
heart cold & moist. ibid.  
heart cold and dry. ibi.  
Humours. 8. a  
Herbs used in pottage or to eat. 23. b  
Hate. 29. b  
Hearon. 31. a  
heart of beasts. 32. a  
Heed of beasts. ibid.  
Honey. 37. b  
Hemorroides or piles. folio. 63. b  
Heatnes or sorrow. 66. a   

I  
¶ Icope. 27. a  
Joy. 69. b   

K  
¶ kid. 29. b   

L  
LJuer in heat distempered. 6. a  
liver cold dystempered. ibidem.  
liver moist dystempered. ibidem.  
liver dry dystempered. ibidem.  
Letyse. 23. b.  
Lekes. 27. a  
Lamb. 29. a  
Lark. 30. b  
livers of birds and beasts 31. b  
Lungs of beasts. ibi.  
Letting of blood. 61. a  
Leeches or bloods suckers. 63. a  
Lassitude. fo. 77. a and 78. a   

M  
MElancolike body. fol 3. a  
Melancholy. 9 a  
Members instrumental. fol. 9 b  
Meat and drink. 12. b  
Meats making good juice. ibidem.  
Meats making ill juice. 13. a  
Meats making choler. fol 13. b  
Meats making phlegm ibidem.  
Meats engendering melancholy. 14 a  
Meats making thick juice. ibid.  
Meats hurting the teeth. 14. b  
Meats hurting the eyen. ibidem.  
Meats making oppilations. 15. a  
Meats windy. ibid.  
Melons. 19 b  
Medlars. 22. a  
Malowes. 24. b  
Mutton. 29. b  
moderation in diet. 42. a  
Meals. 42 b  
Maces. 28. b  
Members of birds. folio. 31. b  
Melt or spleen. 32. a  
Marrow. ibid.  
Milk. 35. b   

N  
¶ Nutmygges. 28. b.   

O  
official members. 9 b  
Operations. 10. b  
olives. 22. a  
Oranges. ibid.  
Onions. 26. b  
Order in eating and drinking. 45. b  
Oppilations what they are. fol. 41. a  
Old men. 41. b  
Ordure. 55. a   

P  
principal members. fo. 9 b  
Parts similares. ibid.  
Powers natural. 10. a  
Powers spiritual. ibi.  
Powers animal. ibid.  
Peaches. 21. a  
Pears. 22. a  
Pourselan. 25. a  
Persely. ibidem.  
Purgers of collar. 59 b  
Pourgers of phlegm. folio. 60. a  
Purgers of melancholy. fol. 60. b  
Precepts of Diocles folio. 75. b  
Pomegranates. 21. b  
Prunes. 22. b  
Peason. fo. 25. b  
Parsnepes. 26. a  
Penyryall. 27. b  
Pepper. 28. a  
Partryche. 30. b  
Plover. ibidem.  
Pigeons. 31. a  
Purgations by siege. 57 b. and. 58. a  
precise diet. 47. a   

Q  
QVantytie of meat. 16. a  
Quality of meat. fo. 17. a and. 18. b  
quince. 21. b  
Quayle. 30. b   

R  
RAysons. 20. b  
Rapes. 26. b  
Radysshe. 26. a  
Rokat. 27. b  
Rosemary. ibid.  
Repletion. 53. b   

S  
SAnguine body. 2. a  
Stomach hot. 6. b  
Stomach cold. ib.  
Stomach moist. ibidem.  
Stomach dry. 7. a  
Spirit natural. 10. b  
Spirit ●ttali. ibidem.  
Spirit animal. ibidem.  
Sorrel. 25. a  
Sauge. 27. a  
Stomach in the which meet is corrupted. 88 a  
sleep & watch. 47. a  
savoury. 26 b  
Saffron. 28. b  
swines flesh. 29. a  
sparrows. 30. b  
Shoveler. 30. a  
Supper. 43. a  
Sugar. 38. b  
Scarifieng. 62. b  
sicknesses appropried to sundry seasons and ages. 79 a  
Significations of sicknesses. 80. b   

T  
Things Natural. fo. 1. a  
Things not natural. ibidem.  
Things against nature. ibidem.  
Things good for the heed. 15. b  
Things good for the heart. ibidem.  
Things good for the iyver. ibidem.  
Things good for the lungs. ibid.  
Things good for the ties. 16. a  
Things good for the stomach. ibid.  
Temperature of meats. 17. b  
Turnippes'. 26. a  
Time. 27. b  
Townesresses. ibid.  
tripes. 31. b  
Tung of beasts. 32. a  
Time. 39 a. 〈◊〉. 40. a  
times appropryed to ●uery humour. 71. a   

V  
Wields. 12. a  
walnuts. 22. a  
Veal. 29. b  
Venyson. ibid.  
woodcocks. 31. a  
udder. 32. a  
water. 33. b  
wine. foe 34. b  
wuaye. 36. b  
Vociferation. 52. b  
vomit. 56. b  
Vrines. 84. a  
Virtue of meats. 88 a   
❧ Thus endeth the Table. ❧   

  

THE first BOOK.  
TO THE CONSERVAtion of the body of mankind, within the limitation of health, which (as Galene saith) is the 
Detuenda sanitate lib. 1.  state of the body, wherein we be neither grieved with pain, nor let from doing our necessary business, doth belong the diligent consideration of three sorts of things, that is to say,  

Things Natural,  
Things not natural, and  
Things against nature.   
¶ Things Natural be vii in number.  

Elements  
Complexions.  
Humours.  
Membres.  
Powers.  
Operations and  
Spirits.   
¶ These be necessary to the being of health, according to the order of their kind: and be alway in the natural body.  
¶ Things not natural be six in number.  

Air  
Meat and drink.  
sleep and watch.  
moving and rest.  
emptiness and repletion and  
Affections of the mind.   
¶ Things against Nature be three.  

sickness.  
cause of sickness.  
Iccident, which followeth sickness.   
¶ Annered to things natural.  

Age.  
Colour.  
figure, and  
Diversity of kinds.   
¶ The elements be those original things unmixed and uncompounde, of whose temperance and mixture all other things, having corporal substance, be compact: Of them be four, that is to say,  

Earth.  
Water.  
Air and  
Fire.   
¶ Earth is the most gross and pondercuse element, and of her proper nature is cold and dry.  
¶ Water, is more subtle and light than earth, but in respect of Air and Fire, it is gross and heavy, and of it proper nature is cold and moist.  
¶ Air, is more light and subtle than the other two, and being not altered with any exterior cause, is properly hot and moist.  
¶ Fire, is absolutely light and clear, and is the clarifier of other elements, if they be vyci●te o● out of their natural temperance, and is properly hot and dry.  
¶ This to be remembered, that none of the said elements be commonly e'en or felt of mortal men, as they are in their original being: but they, which by our senses be perceived, be corrupted with mutual mixture, and be rather earthy, watery, airy, and fiery, than absolutely earth, water, air, and fire.  

Of the complexion of Man. Cap. 2.  
COmplexion is a combynation of two divers qualities of the four elements in one body, as hot & dry of the Fire: hot and moist of the Air, cold and moist of the Water, cold and dry of the Erth. But although all these complexions be assembled in every body of man and woman, yet the body taketh his denomination of those qualities, which abound in him, more then in the other, as hereafter ensueth,  
¶ The body, where heat and moisture have sovereignty, is called Sanguine, wherein the air hath pre-eminence, and it is perceived and known by these signs, which do follow,  
Sanguine 


Carnosite or fleshynesse.  
The veins and arteries large.  
Hear plenty and red  
The visage white and ruddy.  
Sleep moche.  
Dreams of bloody things or things pleasant.  
Pulse great and full.  
digestion perfect.  
Angry shortly.  
Siege, urine, & sweat abundant.  
falling shortly into bleeding.  
The urine red and gross.     
¶ Where cold with moisture prevaileth, that body is called phlegmatic, wherein water hath pre-eminence, and is perceived by these signs.  
phlegmatic. 


Fatness, quaving and soft.  
Veins narrow.  
Hear moche and plain.  
Colour white.  
Sleep superfluous.  
dreams of things watery or of fish.  
Slowness.  
Dullness in learning.  
Cowardyse.  
Bustle slow and little.  
digestion weak.  
spittle white, abundant, and thick.  
Urine gross, white and pale.     
¶ choleric is hot and dry, in whom the fire hath pre-eminence, and is discerned by these signs following.  
Choleric 


Leans of body.  
Costyfenesse.  
Hear black or dark aburn curled.  
Visage and skin red as fire, or salowe.  
Hot things noyful to him.  
Little sleep.  
dreams of fire, fight or anger.  
Wit sharp and quick.  
Hardy and fighting.  
Pulse swift and strong.  
Urine high coloured & clear.  
Voice sharp.     
¶ Melancolyke is cold and dry, over whom the earth hath dominion, and is perceived by these signs.  
melancolic. 


Leanness with hardness of skin.  
Hear plain and thin.  
Colour duskyshe, or white with 〈…〉 nnesse.  
〈…〉 e watch  
〈…〉 es fearful.  
〈◊〉 in opinions.  
Digestion slow and ill.  
Timorous and fearful.  
Anger long and fretting.  
Pulse little.  
Seldom laughing.  
Urine watery and thin.     
BEsides the said complexions of all the hole body, there be in the particular members, complexions, wherein if there be any distemperance, it bringeth sickness or grief into the member. Wherefore to know the distemperature, these signs following would be considered. Foresene, that it be remembered, that some distemperatures be simple and some be compound. They which be simple, be in simple qualities, as in heat, cold, moist, or dry. They which be compound, are in compound or mixed qualities: as heat and moisture, heat and dryth: cold and moist, cold and dry. But now first we will speak of the simple complexions, of every principal member, beginning at the brain.  
The brain exceeding in heat hath, 


The head and visage very red and hot.  
The hear growing fast black and curled.  
The veins in the eyen apparent.  
Superfluous matter in the nosethryls, eyen, & ears.  
The heed annoyed with hot meats, drinks, and savours.  
sleep short & not sound.     
The brain exceeding in cold hath, 


Moche superfluite running out of the nose, mouth, ears and eyen.  
Hear straight & fine growing slowly, & flaxen.  
The head disposed by small occasion to poses and murres.  
It is soon annoyed with cold.  
It is cold in touching.  
Veins of the eyen not seen.  
Sleapy somewhat.     
Moist in excess hath, 


hears plain.  
Seldom or never bald.  
Wit dull.  
Moche superfluities.  
sleep moche and deep.     
The brain dry hath 


No superfluities running.  
wits good and ready.  
Watchful.  
hears black hard and fast growing.  
bald shortly.     

Complexions componed.  
Brain hot & moist dystempered hath, 


The heed aching & heavy.  
Full of superfluines in the nose.  
The southen wind grievous.  
The Northern wind wholesome.  
sleep deep but unquiet with often wakinges & strange dreams.  
The senses and wit unperfect.     
Brain hot and dry dystempered hath, 


None abundance of superfluities, which may be expelled.  
Senses perfect.  
Moche watch.  
Sooner bald than other.  
Much hear in childhod and black or brown, and curled.  
The heed hot and ruddy     
Brain cold & moist Dystempered hath, 


The senses and wit dull  
Moche sleep.  
The heed soon replenished with superfluous moisture.  
Distyllations and poses or m 〈…〉.  
Not 〈◊〉 ●alde.  
soon 〈◊〉 with cold.     
brain cold and dry dyssempered hath, 


The heed cold in feeling and without colour.  
The veins not apering.  
Soon hurt with cold.  
Often diserased.  
wit perfect in childhood, but in age dull.  
Aged shortly and bald.      

Of the heart.  
The heart hot distempered hath 


Much blowing & puffing.  
Pulse swift and busy.  
Hardiness & manhood much.  
Promptness activity and quickness in doing of things.  
Fury and boldness.  
The breast hairy toward the left side.  
The breast broad with the heed little.  
The body hot, except the liver do let it.     
The heart cold distempered hath, 


The pulse very little.  
The breath little and slow.  
The breast narrow.  
The body all cold, except the liver doth inflame it.  
Fearfulness,  
scrupulosity, & much care  
Curiosity.  
Slowness in acts.  
The breast clean without hears.     
The heart moist distempered hath. 


The pulse soft.  
soon angry & soon pacified  
The body all moist, except the liver disposith contrary.     
The heart dry distempered hath 


The pulse hard.  
Not lightly angry, but being angry, not soon pacified.  
The body dry, except the li ver doth dispose contrary.     
The heart hot and ●oyst 


The breast & stomach hairy  
Promptness in acts.  
Soon a●gry.  
Fierceness but not so much as in hot and dry.  
Pulse soft, swift, & busy.  
Breath or wind according.  
Shortly falleth into diseases caused of putryfaction.     
The heart hot and dry. 


The heart poulse great and swift.  
The breath or wind according.  
The breast and stomach all hairy.  
Quick in his doings.  
Boldness and hardiness.  
Swift & hasty in moving  
Soon stirred to anger & ryrannous in manners.  
The breast broad and all the body hot & dry.     
The heart cold and moist 


The pulse soft.  
Fearful and timorous.  
Slow.  
The breast clean without hear.  
Not hastily anger nor refayning anger.  
The breast narrow.  
All the body cold & moist     
The heart cold and dry hath, 


The pulse hard & little.  
The wind moderate.  
Seldom angry, but when it happeneth, it dureth long  
The breast clean without hear and little.  
All the body cold & dry.      

Of the liver.  
The liver in heat distempered hath. 


The veins great.  
The blood more hot than temperate.  
The belly hairy.  
All the body hot exceeding temperance.     
The liver cold distempered hath 


The veins small.  
Abundance of fleum●  
The blood cold.  
All the body cold in feeling.  
The belly without hear.     
The liver moist distempered hath 


The veins soft.  
Much blood and thin.  
All the body moist in feeling, except the heart disposeth it contrary.     
The liver dry distempered hath 


The veins hard.  
The blood little and thick.  
All the body dry.     
¶ The complexions compound, may be decer 
Galenus in art parva. lib. 2.  ned by the said simple qualities. And here is to be noted, that the heat of the heart may vanquish the cold in the liver. For heat is in the heart, as in the fountain or spring, and in the liver, as in the river.   

Of the stomach.  
The stomach hot distempered. 


He digesteth well, specially hard meats, & that will not be shortly altered.  
Light mentes and soon altered, be therein corrupted.  
The appetite little and slow.  
He delighteth in Meats and drinks, which be hot for every natural complexion delighteth in his semblable.     
The stomach cold dystempered. 


He hath good appetite.  
He digesteth ill and slowly, specially gross meats and hard.  
Cold meats do wax sour, being in him undigested.  
He delytethe in meats and drinks, which be Cold, and yet of them he is endamaged.     
The stomach moist dystempered 


He thirsteth but seldom, yet he desireth to drink.  
with superfluous drink● he is hurt.  
He delighteth in moist meats.     
The stomach dry dystempered 


He is soon thirsty.  
Content with a little drink.  
Diseased with moche drink.  
He delighteth in dry meats     
¶ It is to be noted, that the dyspositions of 
Galenus in art parva.  the stomach natural, do desire that which is of like qualities. The dispositions unnatural, do desire things of contrary qualities.  
¶ Also not the stomach only causeth a man to thirst or not thirst, but also the liver, the lungs, and the heart.   

Of the genitories or stones of generation.  
The genytories hot distempered 


Great appetite to the act of generation.  
Engendering men children.  
Hear soon grown about the members.     
The genytories cold distempered 


Small appetite to the act of generation.  
Engendering women children.  
Slow growth of hear about the members.     
The genitories moist distempered 
Seed abundant but thin and watery.   
The genitoryes dry distempered 
Seed little but meetly thick in substance.   
Genytories hot and moist 


Lass appetite to lechery than in them, which be hot and dry.  
More puissance to do it, and without lass damage.  
Hurt by abstaining from it.  
Less herines than in hot & dry.     
The genytories hot and dry 


The seed thick.  
Moche fruitfulness of Generation.  
Great appetite and readiness to the act.  
Hear about the members soon grown.  
swiftness in speeding o● the act.  
Soon therewith satisfied.  
Damage by using thereof.     
The genytories cold and moist 


The seed watery and thin.  
Little desire to the act, but more puissance than in them which be cold and dry.  
Little hears or none about the members.     
The genytories cold and dry 


hears none or few.  
Little cherte or none to lecher●  
Little puissance to do it.  
Engendering more females than men children.  
That little seed that is, is thikker than in cold and moist.      

☞ Of humours.  
IN the body of Man be four principal humours, which continuing in the proportion, that nature hath lymitted, the body is free from all sickness. Contrary wise by the increase or diminution of any of them in quantity or quality, over or under their natural assignment, inequal temperature cometh into the body, which sickness followeth more or lass, according to the lapse or decay of the temperatures of the said humours, which 〈◊〉 these following.  

blood,  
Fleume,  
Choler,  
Melancholy   
¶ blood hath pre-eminence over all other humours in sustaining of all living creatures, for it hath more conformity with the originalle cause of living, by reason of temperateness i● heat and moisture, also nourisheth more the body, and restoreth that which is decayed, being the very treasure of life, by loss whereof, death immediately followeth. The distemperature of blood happeneth by one of the other three humours, by the inordinate or superfluous mixture of them.   

Of phlegm.  
¶ phlegm is of two sorts,  

Natural and  
Unnatural.   
¶ Natural phlegm is a humour cold & moist, white and sweet, or without taste engendered by insufficient decoction in the second digestion of the watery or raw parts of the matter decoct called Chilus, by the last digestion made apt to be converted into blood. In this humour, water hath dominion most principal.  
¶ phlegm unnatural is that, which is mixed with other humours, or is altered in his quality. And thereof is viii sundry kinds  
phlegm. 


watery, which is founden in spettil of great drinkers, or of them, which digest ill.  
Slimy or raw.  
Glasy, like to white glass, thick, viscouse like bird lime and heavy.  
Plastry, which is very gross, and as it were chalky, such is found in the joints of theyin, which have the gout.  
Salt, which is mingled with collar.  
Sower, mixed with melancholy, which cometh of corrupt digestion.  
Harsh, thick and gross, which is seldom founden, which tasteth like green crabs or sloes. 
●o●ticum.   
Stiptik or binding, is not so gross nor cold, as harsh, & hath the taste like to green red wine, or other like, straining the tug.     
¶ Choler doth participate with natural heat as long as it is in good temperance. And thereof is also two kinds,  

Natural and  
Unnatural.   
Choler natural. 
¶ Natural choler is the foam of blood, the colour whereof is red and clear, or more like to an orange colour, and is hot and dry, wherein the fire hath dominion, & is light and sharp, and is engendered of the most subtle part of matter decocte, or boiled in the stomach, whose be beginning is in the liver.   
¶ Unnatural choler is that which is mixed o● corrupted with other humours, whereof be four kinds,  

Citrine or yellow choler, which is of the mixture of natural choler, and watery phlegm, and therefore hath less heat then pure choler.  
Yelky, like to yolks of eggs, which is of the mixture of phlegm congealed, and choler natural, & is yet lass hot than the other.  
Grene like to lekes, whose beginning is rather of the stomach, than of the liver  
Grene like to green canker of metal, and bourneth like venom, and is of exceeding adustion of choler or phlegm, & by these two kinds nature is mortified.   
¶ Melancholy or black collar is divided into two kinds.  

Natural, which is the dregs of pure blood, and is known by the blackness, when it issueth either downward or upward, and is verily cold and dry.  
Vnnaturalle, which proceedeth of the adustion of choleric mixture, and is ho●ter & lyg●ter, having in it violence to kill, with a dangerous disposition.    

〈◊〉 the members.  
¶ There be diversities of members, that is to say.  
Principal members. 


The brain.  
Th' heart.  
The liver.  
The stones of generation     
Official members. 


Sinews which do serve to the brain.  
Arteries or pulses, which do serve to the heart.  
Veins which do serve to the lyuc●.  
Vessels spermatik, where in man's seed lieth, which do serve to the s●on●●     
Parts called Similares, for being divided they remain in themself like as they were. 


Bones.  
Gristell.  
Calls betwirte the uttermost skin and the flesh.  
muscles or fylettes.  
Fat Fles she.     
Members instrumental. 


The stomach.  
The reins.  
The bowels.  
All the great sinews.     
Those of their virtue do appetite meat & alter it.   

O● powers  

Animal.  
Spiritual,  
Natural.   
Natural power 


which do minister.  
To whom is ministered.     
Which doth minister. 


Appetiteth,  
Retaineth,  
Digesteth.  
Expelleth.     
To whom is ministered, 


Engendereth,  
nourisheth,  
Feedeth,     
Power spiritual 


Warking, which delateth the heart and art 〈…〉 es, and eftsoons straineth them.  
Wrought, which is stirred by an exterior cause to wark whereof cometh anger, indignation, subtility, and care.     
Power animal. 


That which ordaineth, discerneth, and composet●.  
That moveth by voluntary motion.  
That which is called sensible, whereof do proceed the five wits.     
Of that which ordaineth do precede 


Imagination in the forehead.  
Reason in the brain.  
Remembrance in the nodel.     
Operations. 


Appetite by heat and dryth.  
Digestion by heat & moisture.  
Retaining by cold & dryth.  
Expulsion by cold & moysre.     
¶ Spirit is an airy substance subtle, stirring the powers of the body to perform their operations, which is divided into  

Naturalle, which taketh his beginning of the liver, and by the veins which have no pulse, spreadeth into all the hole body.  
●●●all which proceedeth from the heart, and by the arteries or pulses is sent into all the body.  
Animalle, which is engendered in the brain, and is sent by the sinews throughout the body, & maketh sense or feelyng●.   

Annexed to things natural.  
〈◊〉 be. ●ii●. 


Adolescencye to xxv years, hot and moist, in the which time the body groweth.  
Jwentute unto xl years, hot and dry, wherein the body is in perfit growth.  
Senectute, unto lx years cold & dry, wherein the body beginneth to decrease,  
Age decrepit, until the last time of life, accidentally moist, but naturally cold and dry, wherein the pdwers and strength of the body be more and more minished.       

☞ Colour.  

Of inward causes.  
Of outward causes.   
Colour of inward causes 


Of equality of humours, as he that is red and white.  
Of inequality of humours, whereof do proceed, black, sallow, paale, or white only.  
Red,  
Black, 

do betoben dominion of heat.    
sallow,  
white, cold of fl 〈…〉.  
Pale, cold of melancholy.  
Red abundance of blood.  
sallow, choler citrine.  
Blark, melancholy or choler adust.     
Colour of outward causes. 


Of cold or heat, as english men be white, Moriens 〈◊〉 black.  
Of things accidentalle, as of fear, of anger, of sorrow, or other like mocion●.     
Colour of hear 


Black, either of abundance of choler inflamed, or of moche intending or abus●yon of blood.  
Red hear of moche heat not adust.  
Grace hears of abundance of melanch 〈…〉.  
〈…〉 te hears of the lack of natural hear, & by occasion of phlegm pu 〈…〉 fy.     
¶ All the residue concerning things natural 〈◊〉 in the Introduction of Joan●icius, and in the little craft of Galene, I purposely 〈◊〉 over for this time, uless as it doth requy●● a r●der having some knowledge in philo●ophye natural, or ●●s is 〈◊〉 to hard and tedious to be vnd●●stande. Moreover this, which I 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in this first tables, shall be sufficient, to the conservation of helthe, I mean, with that which now followeth in the other Tables.   

The second Table.  
Things not natural be so called, because they be no porcyon of a natural body, as they be, which be called natural things, but yet by the temperance of them the body being in health, so consisteth by the dis●emp●tance of them, sickness is induced, & the body dessolued.  
¶ The first of things not natural is air, which is properly of itself, or of some material cause or occasion good or ill.  
¶ That which is of itself good, hath pure va ●ours, and is odoriferous.  
¶ Also it is of itself, swift in alteration from hot to cold, wherein the body is not much provoked to sweat for heat, ne to chylle for vehemency of cold.  
¶ Air among all things not natural is chief to be observed, forasmuch as it doth both enclose us, & also enter into our bodies, specially the most noble member, which is the heart, & we can not be separate one hour from it, for the necessity of breathing and fetching of wind,  
¶ The causes whereby the air is corrupted be specially four.  

Influences of sundry stars.  
Great standing waters never refreshed.  
●arayne dying long above ground.  
Moche people in small ●ome living uncleanly and slutty shely.   
winds bringing wholesome air. 


north, which prolongeth life by expoulsing ill vapours.  
East is temperate and lusty.     
winds bringing ill air. 


South corrupteth, and maketh ill vapours.  
West, is very mutable, which nature doth hate.      

Meat and dryn 〈…〉 e.  
〈…〉 and drink we must consider sixth things,  

Substance.  
Quantity.  
Quality.  
Custom.  
Time.  
Order.   
〈◊〉 Substance, some is good, which maketh good 〈◊〉, and good blood, some is ill, and ●●gendi●th ill juice and ill blood.  

Meats and drinks making good 〈…〉 ce.  
¶ Bread of pure flower, of good wheat somewhat leavened, well baked, not to old nor to stolen.  
Eggs of pheasants, hens, or patryches new laid, poached, mean between rear and hard.  
Milk new milked, drunk fasting,  
Wherein is sugar, or the leaves of mints.  
pheasants.  
Pairiches or chickens.  
Capons or hens.  
Birds of the fields.  
Fish of stony rivers.  
veal sucking.  
Pork young.  
Beef not passing iii years.  
Pigeons.  
Venyson of red dear.  
Pease pottage with mints.  
Fate of swine or calves.  
figs ripe, 

before meals.    
Raisins,  
Borage.  
Languedebiefe.  
Persely.  
Mints.  
rice with almond myshe.  
Letyse.  
Cykorye.  
Grapes ripe.  
wines good moderately taken, well fined.  
Ale and bier two days old, clean brewed, and not strong.  
Mirth and gladness.  
The liver and brains of hens and chickens, and young geese.   

Meats and drinks making ill juice.  
Old beef.  
Old mutton.  
Geese old.  
Swan old.  
Duekes of the kanell.  
Inward of beasts.  
Black puddings.  
The heart liver & kidneys of all beasts.  
The brains & marry of the backbone.  
Wood colours.  
Shell fish, except crevyse deaudoulce  
Cheese hard.  
Apples and pears much used.  
figs and grapes not ripe.  
All raw herbs, except letyse, borage, and cykorie.  
Onions,  
Garlic, 

immoderately used, specially in Choleric stomachs.    
Leeks.  
Wine in must or sour.  
Fear, sorrow, and pensyfenesst.   

Meats engendering choler.  
Garlic.  
Onions.  
Rokat,  
Kersis,  
Lekes,  
Mustard,  
Pepper,  
Hovye,  
Wine moche Drunken.  
Sweet meats.   

Meats engendering phlegm.  
All slimy and deaving meats.  
Cheese new.  
All fish, specially in a phlegmatic stoma 〈…〉  
Inwards of beasts.  
lambs flesh.  
The sinew parts of flesh.  
skins.  
Brains.  
Lungs.  
Rapes.  
Cucumbers.  
Repletion,  
Lack of exercis 〈…〉   

Meats engendering melancholy.  
Beef,  
goats flesh,  
Hare's flesh,  
Boar's flesh,  
Salt flesh,  
Salt fish,  
Cole wortes,  
All pulse except white peason.  
Browne bread course.  
Thick wine,  
Black wine,  
Old cheese,  
Old flesh.  
great fishes of the see.   

Meats making thick juice.  
Rye bread,  
Must.  
Bread without leaven.  
Cake bread.  
See fish great.  
Shelle fish.  
Beef.  
The kidneys,  
The liver of a swine,  
The stones of beasts.  
Milk moche sudden.  
Rapes.  
All round roots,  
Cukumbers.  
Sweet wine.  
Deep red wine.  
Garlic,  
Mustard.  
Origanum.  
Hyssop.  
Basylle.  
Fenell.  
Cheese.  
Eggs fried or hard.  
Cheste● nuts.  
Nau●wes.  
figs green.  
Appulles not ripe.  
Pepper.  
Rokat, much used.  
Leeks. moche used.  
onions much used.   

Meats which do hurt the teeth.  
¶ Very hot meats.  
Nuts.  
Sweet meats and dryntkes.  
Rodysshe roots.  
Hard meats.  
Milk.  
Bitter meats.  
Moche vomit.  
Leeks.  
Fish fat.  
Lemons.  
Coleworts.   

Meats Which do hurt the eyes.  
¶ 〈…〉.  
Lechery.  
Must.  
All poulse.  
Sweet wines and thick wines.  
Hemp sede.  
Very salt meats.  
Garlic.  
onions.  
Coleworts.  
Radyshe.  
Reading after supper immediately.   

Making great oppilations.  
¶ Thick milk.  
All sweet things.  
Rye bread.  
Sweet wines.   

Meats inflating or Windy.  
¶ beans.  
Lupynes'.  
Cicer.  
Mille.  
Cucumbers.  
All juice of h 〈…〉  
figs dry.  
Rapes.  
navews raw.  
Milk.  
Honey not well clarified.  
Sweet wine.  
Must.   

Things good for the heed  
¶ Cububes.  
Galyngale.  
Lignum alnes.  
Maioram.  
Balm mints.  
Gladen.  
nutmegs.  
M 〈…〉 e.  
rosemary.  
Roses.  
Pionye.  
Hissope.  
spike.  
Camomile,  
Mellylote.  
●ewe.  
〈…〉 a●kyn 〈…〉 se.   

Things good for the heart  
¶ Cyramome.  
Saffron.  
Coral.  
Cl●ues.  
Lignum aloes.  
Pearls.  
Macis.  
Balm mints.  
Myrabolanes.  
Musk,  
nutmegs.  
rosemary.  
The bone of the heart of a red dear.  
Maioram.  
bugloss.  
Borage.  
Setuall.   

Things good for the liver  
¶ worm wood.  
With wind.  
Agrymonye.  
Saffron.  
Clones.  
endive.  
liver wort.  
Cyhorie.  
plantain.  
Dragons.  
Raisins great.  
Saunders.  
Fen●lle.  
Violetres.  
Rose water.  
Letyse.   

Things good for the lungs  
¶ Elycampane.  
Hyssop.  
Scabiose.  
Lyko 〈…〉.  
Raisins.  
maidenhair.  
Penidies.  
Almonds.  
Dates.  
Pistacis.   

Things good for the eyes  
Eyebryght.  
Fenyll.  
Veruyn.  
Roses.  
celandine.  
Agrymonye.  
Cloves.  
Cold water.   

Things good for the stomach  
¶ Myrabolanes  
Nutmygges.  
Organum.  
Pystaces.  
Ouynces.  
Olybanum.  
Wormewode.  
Saffron.  
Coral.  
Agrymonye.  
Funitorye.  
Galyngale.  
Cloves.  
Lignum aloes.  
Mastix.  
Mint.  
Spodium.  
The innermooste skin of a hens gysar.  
Coriander prepared.      

THE SECOND BOOK,  

Of quantity. Cap. 1.  
THE QVANTITIE of meat must be proportioned after the substance and quality thereof, and according to the complexion of him that eateth first it ought to be remembered, that meats hot and moist, which are qualities of the blood, are soon turned into blood, and therefore moche nourisheth the body. Some meats do nourish but little, having little conformity with blood in their qualities. Of them, which do neryshe, some are more gross, some lighter in digession. The gross meat engendereth gross blood, but where it is well concoct in the slomake, and well digested, it maketh the flesh more firm, and the official members more strong, than fine meats. wherefore of men, which use much labour or exercise, also of them, which have very choleric stomachs, hoar in England, gross meats may be eaten in a great quantity: and in a choleric stomach beef is better digested than a chickens leg, forasmuch as in a ho●fe stomach fine meats be shortly adust and corrupted. contrariwise in a cold or phlegmatic stomach gross meat abideth long undigested, and maketh putrefied matter, light meats therefore be to such a stomach more apt and convenient. The temperate body is best nourished with a little quantity of gross meats: but of tempecate meats in substance and quality, they may safely eat a good quantity. Foresene alway, that they eat without gourmandyse, or leave with some appetite. And here it would be remembered, that the choleric stomach, doth not desire so much as he may digest, the melancholy stomach may not digest so moche as he desireth: for cold maketh appetite, but natural heat concocteth or boileth. Not withstanding unnatural or supernatural heat destroyeth appetite, and corrupteth digestion, as it appeareth in fevers. Moreover fruits and herbs, specially raw, would be eaten in a small quantity, all though the person be very choleric, forasmuch as they do engender thin watery blood, apt to receive putrefaction, which although it be not shortly perceived of him that useth it, at length they feel it by sundry diseases, which are long in coming, and shortly sleeth, or be hardly escaped. finally excess of meats, is to be abhorred. For as it is said in the book called Ecclesiasticus, In much meat shall be sickness, 
Ecclesiasti co. 37.  and inordinate appetite shall approach unto choler. Semblably the quantity of drink would be moderated, that it exceed not, nor be equal unto the quantity of meat, specially wine, which moderately taken, aideth nature, and comforteth her, and as the said author of Ecclesiasticus 
Eccl. 31.  saith, wine is a rejoicing to the soul and body. And Theognes' saith in Galenes' 
Galen. de tuenda sa.  work, A large draft of wine is ill. A moderate draft is not only not ill, but also commodious or profitable.   

☞ Of quality of meats. Cap. 2.  
QValitie is in the complexion, that is to say, it is the state thereof, as Hot or cold, moist or dry. Also some meats be in winter cold in act, and in virtue hot. And it would be considered, that every complexion temperate & untemperate, is conserved in his state, by that which is like thereto in form and degree. But that which exceedeth moche in distemperance, must be reduced to his temperance, by that which is contrary to him in form or quality, but like in degree moderately used. By form is understand grossness, fineness, thickness, or thickness, by degree, as the first, the second, the third, the fourth, in heat c●●de, moisture, or dryth.   

☞ Of Custom. Cap. 3.  
CVstome in feeding is not to be contemned, or little regarded: for those meats, to the which a ma●●e hath been of long time accustomed, though they be not of substance commendable, yet do they sometime lass harm 
 than better meats, whereunto a man is not used. Also the meats and drinks, which do much del●te him that eateth, or to be preferred before that, which is better, but more unsavoury. But if the custom be so pernicious, that it needs 
 must be left, than would it be withdrawn by little and little in time of health, and not of likeness. For if it should be withdrawn in time of sickness, Nature should sustain triple de●runent, first by the grief induced by sickness, second by receiving of medicines, thirdly by forbearing the thing, wherein she delighteth.   

☞ Of the temperature of meats to be received. Cap 4.  
TO kere the body in good temper: to them whose natural complexion is moist, aught to be given meats that be most in virtue or power. Contrariwise to them, whose natural complexion is dry? ought to be given meats dry in virtue or power. To bodies untemperate, such meats or drinks are to be given, which be in power contrary to the distemperance, but the degrees are always to be considered, as well of the temperance of the body, as of the meats. For where the meats do much exceed in degree the temperature of the body, they annoy the body in causing distemperance, As hot wines, pepper, garlic, onions, & salt, be noyful to them, which be choleric, because they be in the highest degree of heat and drieth, above the just temperance of man's body in that complexion. And yet be they oftentimes wholesome to them, which be phlegmatic. Contrary wise, cold water, cold herbs, and cold fruits moderately used, be wholesome to choleric bodies, by putting away the heat, exceeding the natural temperature: and to them, which be phlegmatic, they be unwholesome, and do bring into them distemperance of cold and moist.   

❧ What distemperance happeneth by the excess of sundry qualities in meats and drinks. Cap. 5.  
Meats. 


Cold, do congeal and mortify.  
Moist, do putrefy and hasten age.  
dry, sucketh up natural moisture.  
Clammy, stoppeth the issue of vapours and urine, and engendereth tough phlegm and gravel.  
Fat and oily, swimmeth long in the stomach, and bringeth in loathsomeness.  
Bitter, doth not nourish.  
Salt, do fret much the stomach.  
Harrys she, like the taste of wild fruits, do constipate, and restrain. Sweet, chauffeth the blood, and causeth oppilations or stoppings of the pores and cundytes of the body. Sower cooleth nature, and hasteneth age.      

❧ What commodity happeneth by the moderate use of the said qualities of meats and drinks. Cap. 6.  
Meats 


Cold assuageth the bourning of choler.  
Moist, humecteth that which is dried.  
dry, consumeth superfluous moisture  
clammy, thycketh that, which is subtle and piercing.  
Bitter cleanseth and wipeth of, also mollifieth and expelleth phlegm.  
Salt, relenteth phlegm clammy, and drieth it.  
Fat and unctuouse, nourisheth, and maketh soluble.  
Stiptike or rough on the tongue vyndeth and comforteth appetite.  
Sweet doth cleanse, dissolve, and nourish.      

☞ Of fruits. Cap. 7.  
forasmuch as before that tillage of corn was invented, and that devouring of flesh and fish was of mankind used, men undoubtedly lived by fruits, & Nature was therewith contented & satisfied: but by change of the diet of our progenitors, there is caused to be in our bodies such alteration from the nature, which was in men at the beginning, that now all fruits generally are noyfulle to man, and do engender ill humours, and be oftentimes the cause of putrefied fevers, if they be moche and continually eaten. Not withstanding unto them, which have abundance of choler, they be sometime convenient, to repress the flame which proceedeth of choler. And some fruits which be styptike, or binding in taste, eaten before meals, do bind the belly, but eaten after meals, they be rather laxative. Now shall it not be unexpedient, to write of some fruits particularly, declaring their noyefull qualities in appayring of Nature, and how they may be used with lest detriment.  

☞ Of Gourds.  
Gourds raw be unpleasant in eating, 
Galen. de aliment. 2.  ill for the stomach, and almost never digested, therefore he that will needs eat them must boil them, toast them, or fry them, every way they be without savour or taste, & of their proper nature, they give to the body cold and moist nourishment, and that very little, but by reason of the slyppernesse of their substance, and because all meats, which be moist of their nature, be not binding, they lightly pass forth by the belly. And being well ordered, they will be meetly concoct, if corruption in the stomach do not prevent them: they be cold and moist in the second degree.   

❧ Of Melones and Pepones.  
MElones and Pepones be almost of one kind but that the melon is round like an apple, and the innermost part thereof, where the seeds are contained, is used to be eaten. The pepon is much greater, and somewhat long, and the inner part thereof is not to 〈◊〉 eaten: They both are very cold and moist, and do make ill ●yce in the body, if they be not well digested, but the pepon much more than the melon. they do least hurre, if they be eaten afore meals. All be it if they do find in the stomach phlegm, they be turned into phlegm, if they find choler, they be turned into choler. Not withstanding there is in them the virtue to cleanse and to provoke urine, they be cold and moysie in the second degree.   

❧ Cucumbers.  
CVcumbers do not exceed so moche in moisture as melons: and therefore they be not 
Galen. de alimor. 2.  so soon corrupted in the stomach: but in some stomachs, being moderately used, they do digest well: but if they be abundantly eaten, or much used, they engender a cold and thick humour in the veins, which never or seldom is turned into good blood, and sometime bringeth in fevers. Also they abate carnal lust. The seeds as well thereof, as of melones and gourds, being dried, and made clean from the husks, are very medicinable against sicknesses proceeding of heat, also the difficulty or let in pissing, they be cold and moist in the second degree.   

❧ Dates.  
¶ Be hard to digest, therefore being moche eaten, and not well digested, they annoy the head, and cause gnawing in the stomach, and make gross juice, and sometime cause obstructions or stoppings in the liver and spleen. And where there is inflammation or hardness in the body, they are unwholesome, but being well digested and temperately used, they nourish and make the flesh firm, and also bindeth the belly: old days be hot and dry in the first degree: new gathered are hot and moist in the first degree.   

❧ Of figs.  
Figs eaten, do shortly pass out of the stomach, and are soon distributed into all the 
Actius. 1.  parts of the body, and have the power to cleanse, specially gravel, being in the reins of the back, but they make no substantial nourishment, but rather somewhat louse and windy, but by their quick passage, the wind is soon dissolved. Therefore if they be ripe, they do least harm of any fruits, or almost none. Drye figs and old, are more hot and moist than new gathered, but being much eaten they make ill blood and juice, and as some do suppose, do engender lice, and also anoyeth the liver and the splent, if they be inflamed, but having the power to attenuate or make humours currant, they make the body soluble, and do cleanse the reins. Also being eaten afore dinner with ginger or pepper, or powder of time, or pennyroyal, they profit moche to them, which have oppilations or hard congealed matter in the inner parts of the body, or have distillations or rheums falling into the breast and stomach. New figs are hot and moist, old figs are hot in the first degree, and dry in the second.   

❧ Of grapes and raisins.  
Grape's do not nourish so moche as figs, but being type, they make not much 
Galen. de aliment. 2.  ill juice in the body: all be it newly gathered, they trouble the belly, & filleth the stomach with wind, therefore if they be hanged up a while, ere they be eaten, they are the lass noyful. Sweet grapes, are hottest, and do louse somewhat, and make a man thirsty, Sour grapes are cold, and do also louse, but 
Diosco. 5.  they are hard of digestion, and yet they do not nourish. They which are in taste bitter or harryshe, be like to them that are sour. Raisins do make the stomach firm and strong, and do provoke appetite, and do comfort weak bodies, being eaten afore meals, they be hot in the first degree, and moist in second.   

❧ Of Cherries.  
Cherries, if they be sweet, they do soon slip down into the stomach, but if they be sour or sharp, they be more wholesome, & do louse, if they be eaten fresh, & newly gathered, they be cold & moist in the first degree.   

❧ Of peaches.  
PEaches do lass harm, and do make better juice in the body, for they are not so soon corrupted being eaten. Of the juice of them may be made a syrup, very wholesome against the distemperaunce of choler, whereof proceedeth a stinking breath, they be cold in the first degree, and moist in the second.   

❧ Of appulles.  
ALL appulles eaten soon after that they be gathered, are cold, hard to digest, and do make ill and corrupted blood, but being well kept until the next winter, or the year following, eaten after meals, they are right wholesome, and do confirm the stomach, and make good digestion, specially if they be roasted or baken, most properly in a choleric stomach, they are best preserved in honey, so that one touch not an other. The rough tasted apples are wholesome, where the stomach is weak by distemperance of heat or much moisture. The bitter apples, where that grief is increased. The sour appuls, where the matter in congealed or made thick with heat. In distemperature of heat and drieth by drinking moche wine, they have been found commodious: being eaten at night, going to bed, without drinking to them, they be cold and moist in the first degree.   

❧ Of quinces.  
Qvynces' be cold and dry, eaten afore meal, they bind & restrain the stomach, that it may not digest well the meat, except that they be roasted or sodden, the core taken out and mixed with honey clarified, or sugar, than they cause good appetite, and preserveth the heed from drunkenness: taken after meat, it closeth and draweth the stomach together, and helpeth it to digest, and mollifieth the belly, if it be aboundantely taken: they be cold in the first degree, and dry in the beginning of the second.   

❧ Of Pomegranates.  
POmegranates be of good juice, and profitable to the stomach, specially they, which are sweet, but in a hot fever, they that are sour be more expedient and wholesome. for than the sweet do intend heat, and puff up the stomach.   

❧ Of Pears.  
Pears are moche of the nature of apples, but they are heavier, but taken after meat roasted or baken, they are not unwholesome, and do restrain and knit the stomach, being rypel they be cold and moist in the first degree.   

❧ Medlars.  
MEdlars are cold and dry, and constrictive or straining the stomach, and therefore they may be eaten after meals, as a medicine, but not used as meat, for they engender melancholy, they be cold and dry in the second degree.   

☞ Walnuttes  
VAlnuttes, if they be blanched, are supposed to be good for the stomach, & somewhat lousing the belly, mixed with sugar, they do nourish temperately. Of two dry nuts, as many figs, and twenty leaves of rue with a grain of salt, is wade a medicine, whereof if one do eat fasting, nothing which is venomous may that day hurt him, and it also preserveth against the pestilence, and this is the very right Mithridate. they be hot and dry in the second degree, after some opinions hot in the third degree, dry in the second.   

☞ filberts and hasylnuttes.  
¶ They are more strong in substance than wall nuts, wherefore they are not so easily or soon digested. Also they do inflate the stomach, and cause heed ache, but they engender fat. And if they be roasted, they are good to restrain rheums. Also eaten with pepper, they are good against torments of the bealye, and the stopping of urine. They be hot and dry in the first degree.   

❧ Of Almonds  
THey do extenuate and cleanse without any binding, wherefore they purge the breast and lungs, specially bitter almonds. Also they do mollify the belly, provoke sleep, and causeth to piss well, five or six of them eaten afore meat, keep a man from being drunk, they be hot and moist in the first degree.   

❧ Of Chestyns  
¶ They being roasted under the ymbers or hot ashes, do nourish the body strongly, and eaten with honey fasting, do help a man of the cough.   

❧ Prunes  
OF the garden and type, do dispose a man to the stool, but they do bring no manner of nourishment. To this fruit like as to figs this property romayneth, that being dried they do profit. The damasse prune rather bindeth than looseth, and is more commodious unto the stomach they be cold and moist in the second degree.   

❧ olives  
conduit in salt liquor, taken at the beginning of a meal doth corroborate the stomach, stireth appetite, and looseth the belly, being eaten with vinegar. They which be ripe, are temperately hot, they which be green, are cold and dry.   

❧ Of Capers  
THey nourish nothing after that they be salted, but yet they make the belly louse and purgeth phlegm, which is therein contained. 
Galen. de alime. 2.  Also stirreth appetite to meat and openeth the obstructions or stopping of the liver and spleen, being eaten with oxymel, before any other meat: they be hot and dry in the second degree.   

❧ Oranges  
¶ The rinds taken in a little quantity, do comfort the stomach, where it digesteth, specially condite with sugar, and taken fasting in a small quantity. The juice of oranges, having a toast of bred put unto it, with a little powder of mints, sugar, and a little cinnamon, maketh a very good sauce to provoke appetite. The juice eaten with sugar in a hot fever, is not to be discommended. The rind is hot in the first degree, and dry in the second: the juice of them is cold in the second degree, and dry in the first.    

☞ Herbs used in pottage or to eat. Capitulo. 8.  
GEnerally all herbs raw, and not sodden, do engender cold and watery juice, if they be eaten customably, or in abundance: all be it some herbs are more comestyble, & do lass harm unto nature, and moderately used, maketh inetely good blood.  

☞ Lettyse.  
Among all herbs, none hath so good juice as letise: for somemen do suppose, that it maketh abundance of blood, all be it not very pure or perfit. It doth set a hot stomach in a very good temper, & maketh good appetite, and eaten in the evening, it provoketh sleep, albe it, it neither doth louse nor bind the bealye of his own property. It increaseth milk in a woman's breasts, but it abateth carnal appetite, and moche using thereof, hurteth the eye sight. It is cold and moist temperately   

❧ Coleworts and Cabbages.  
BEfore that avarice caused merchants to fetch out of the east and south parts of the world, the traffyke of spice and sundry droughts, to content the unsaciablenesse of wanton appetites, Coleworts for the virtues supposed to be in them, were of such estimation, that they were judged to be a sufficient medicine against all diseases, as it may appear in the book of wise Cato, wherein he writeth of husbandry. But now I will no more remember, than shall be required, in that which shall be used as meat and not pure medicine. The juice thereof hath virtue to purge: the whole leaves being half sodden, and the water poured out, and they being put eftsoons into hot water, and sodden until they be tender, so eaten they do bind the belly. Some do suppose, if they be eaten raw with vinegar, before meat, it shall preserve the stomach from surfeiting, and the heed from drunkenness: all be it much using of them dulleth the sight, except the eyes be very moist. Finally the juice that it maketh in the body is not so commendable, as that which is engendered of lettuce. It is hot in the first degree, and dry in the second.   

❧ Of Cikorie or succory.  
IT is like in operation to lettyse, & tempereth choler wonderfully, and therefore in all choleric fevers, the decoction of this herb or the water thereof stilled, is right expedient. semblably the herb and rote boiled with flesh, that is fresh being eaten, keepeth the stomach and head in very good temper. I suppose that Southystell and Dentdelyon, be of like qualities, but not so convenient to be used of them, which are hole, because they are wild of nature and more bitter, and therefore causeth fastidiousness or loathsomeness of the stomach. It is cold and dry in the second degree.   

☞ endive and Scariole  
BE moche like in their operation to Cykorie, but they are more convenient to medicine than to meat. All be if Scariole called white endive, having the tops of the leaves turned in, and laid in the earth, at the latter end of summer, and covered, becometh white and crisp, like to the great stalks of cabbage lettuce, which are in winter taken up and eaten. And to them that have hot stomachs and dry, they be right wholesome, but being to much used, or in very great quantity they engender the humour, which maketh the cholike▪ they be cold and moist in the first degree.   

☞ Malowes  
¶ Are not cold in operation, but rather somewhat warm, and have in them a slyppernesse: 
Gale. 2. de alimentis.  wherefore being boiled and moderately eaten with oil and vinegar, they make meetly good concoction in the stomach, and causeth the superfluous matter therein easily to pass, and cleanseth the bealye. It is hot and moist in the first degree.   

☞ white betis  
¶ Are also abstersive and looseth the belly, but much eaten, annoveth the stomach: but they are right good against obstructions or stopping of the liver, if they be eaten with vinegar or mustard, likewise it helpeth the spleen. It is cold in the first degree, and moist in the second.   

☞ Pourselan.  
Doth mitigate the great heat in all the inward parts of the body, semblably of the head and eyes: also it represseth the rage of Venus, but if it be preserved in salt or brine, it heateth and purgeth the stomach. It is cold in the third degree, and moist in the second.   

❧ Cheruyle.  
Is very profitable unto the stomach, but it may not sustain very moche boiling, eaten with vinegar, it provoketh appetite, and also urine. The decoction thereof drunk with wine, cleanseth the bladder.   

☞ Sorrel.  
Being sodden, it looseth the belly. In a time of pestilence, if one being fasting, do chew some of the leaves, and suck down the juice, it meruaylousely preserveth from infections, as a new practiser called Guainerius, doth write. And I myself have proved it in my household. The sedes thereof brayed and drunk with wine and water, is very wholesome against the cholike 
Dioscorides li. 2. capit. 106.  and fretting of the guts: it stoppeth fluxes, and helpeth the stomach annoyed with repletion. It is cold in the third degree, and dry in the second.   

❧ Persely.  
Is very convenient to the stomach, and comforteth appetite, and maketh the breath sweet, the sedes and root causeth urine to pass well, and breaketh the stone, dissolveth winds: the roots boiled in water, and thereof oxymel being made, it dissolveth phlegm, and maketh good digestion. It is hot and dry in the third degree.   

❧ Fenell,  
¶ Being eaten the seed or rote maketh abundance of milk, likewise drunk with ptysane or ale. The seed somewhat restraineth flux, provoketh to piss, and mytigateth frettynges of the stomach and guts, specially the decoction of the rote, if the matter, causing fretting be colds, but if it be of a horte cause, the use 
 thereof is dangerous, for inflammation or exulceration of the reins or bladder. It is hot in the third degree, and dry in the first.   

❧ Anyse sede.  
Maketh sweet breath, provoketh urine, and driveth down things, cleaving to the reins, or bladder, stirreth up courage, and causeth abundance of milk. It is hot and dry in the third degree.   

beans.  
They make wind, how so ever they be ordered: the substance, which they do make, is spungye, and not firm, all be it they be abstersive, or cleansing the body, they tarry long, or they be digested, and make gross juice in the body, but if onions be sodden with them, they be lass noyful.   

☞ Peasyn.  
Are moche of the nature of beans, but they be lass windy, and passeth faster out of the body: they be also abstersive, or cleansing, specially white peason, and they also cause merely good nourishing, the husks taken away. And the broth wherein they be sodden, cleuseth right well the reins and bladder.    

☞ Rape rotes and Navews. Cap. 9  
THe juice made by them, is very gross: & therefore being much eaten, if they be not perfitly concoct in the stomach, they do make crude or raw juice in the veins. Also if they be not well boiled, they cause winds, and annoy the stomach, & make sometime frettynges: If they be well boiled first in clean water, and that being cast away, the second time with fat flesh, they nouries she much, and do neither louse nor bind the belly. But navews do not nourish so moche as rapes, but they be even as windy.  

❧ Turnepes,  
Being well boiled in water, and after with fat flesh, nourisheth moche, augmenteth the seed of man, provoketh carnal lust. Eaten raw, they stir up appetite to eat▪ being temperately used, and be convenient unto them, which have putrefied matter in their breasts or lungs, causing them to spit easily, but being moche and often eaten, they make raw juice and windiness.   

❧ parsnip and carets.  
They do nourish with better juice than the other roots, specially carets, which are hot & dry, and erpelleth wind. Not withstanding 
Gal. simp. med●. li. 7.  moche used they engender ill juice: but carets lass than parsnepes, the done and the other expelleth urine.   

☞ Radysshe roots.  
Have the virtue to extenuate, or make thine, and also to warm. Also they cause to break 
Paulus Ae ginera. Dioscorides. Li. 7. de aliment.  wind, and to piss: being eaten afore meals, they let the meat, that it may not descend, but being eaten last, they make good digestion, and looseth the belly, though Galenus writ contrary. For I, among divers other, by experience have proved it: notwithstanding they be unwholesome for them, that have continually the gout, or pain in the joints.   

❧ Garlic.  
It doth extenuate and cut gross humours and slimy, dissolveth gross winds, and heateth all the body: also openeth the places, which are stopped, generally where it is well digested in the stomach: it is wholesome to divers purposes, specially in the body, wherein is gross matter, or much cold enclosed: if it be sodden until it tos●th his ●artenesse, it somewhat nourisheth, and yet looseth not his property, to extenuate gross humours: being sodden in milk, it profiteth much against distillations from the heed into the stomach.   

❧ Onions.  
Do also extenuate, but the long onions more than the round, the red more than the white, the dry more than they which be green: also raw more than sodden: they stir appetite to meat, and put away loathsomeness, and louse the belly, they quicken sight: and being eaten in great abundance with meat, they cause one to sleep soundly.   

❧ Leeks.  
Be of ill juice, and do make troublous dreams, but they do extenuate and cleanse the body. 
Galen 7. cap. 138.  and also make it soluble, and provoketh urine. Moreover it causeth one to spette out easily the phlegm, which is in the breast.   

❧ Sauge  
It heateth, and somewhat bindeth, and therewith provoketh urine, the decoction of the leaves and branches being drunk. Also it stoppeth bleeding of wounds, being laid unto them. Moreover it hath been proved, that women, which have been long time without children, and have drunk. r. ounces of the juice of sauge, with a grain of salt, a quarter of an hour before, that they have companyed with their husbands, have conceived at that tyme. It is hot and dry in the third degree, the using thereof is good against palseyes.   

❧ Isope.  
Doth heat and extenuate, whereby it digesteth slimy phlegm: being prepared with figs, it purged phlegm downward, with honey and water upward, boiled in vinegar, it helpeth the tooth ache, if the te the be washed there with: it is hot and dry in the third degree.   

☞ Bourage.  
Comforteth the heart, and maketh one merry, eaten raw before meals, or laid in wine that is drunk: Also mollyfieth the bealye, and prepareth to the stool. It is hot and moist in the middle of the first degree.   

❧ savoury.  
Purgeth phlegm, helpeth digestion, maketh quick sight, provoketh urine, and stirreth carnal appetite: It is hot and dry in the third degree.   

☞ Rokat.  
Heateth moche, and increaseth seed of man, ●ouoketh courage, helpeth digestion, and somewhat looseth. It is hot and moist in the second degree.   

❧ Time.  
Dissolveth winds, breaketh the stone, expelleth urine, and ceaseth freattynges. It is hot and dry in the third degree.   

❧ Penyryall.  
Doth ertenuate, heat, and decoct, it reformeth the stomach, oppressed with phlegm, it doth recomfort the faint spirire, it expelleth melancholy by siege, and is medicinable against many diseases, it is hot & dry in the third degree.   

❧ Townecresses.  
¶ Paulus dyscommendeth, saying, that it resisteth 
Lib. 〈◊〉.  concoction, and hurteth the stomach, and maketh ill juice in the body, taken as medicine, it helpeth many diseases. It is hot and dry in the third degree.   

❧ Rosemary.  
Hath the verive to heat, and therefore it dissolveth humour congealed with cold: It helpeth against palsies, falling sickness, old diseases of the breast▪ torments or fretting, it provoketh urine and sweat: it helpeth the cough taken with pepper and honey, it putteth away to the ache. the root being chewed, or the juice thereof put into the to thee: being bourned, the fume thereof resisteth the pestplence: the rind thereof sodden or burned, & the fume receiveth at the mouth, stop peth the rheum, which falleth out of the heed into the cheeks or throat: which I myself have proved, the green leaves bruised, do stop the hemorroides, if they be laid unto them: this herb is hot and dry in the third degree.    

☞ Spices growing out of this realm used in meat or drink. Cap. 10,  

❧ Pepper.  
Black pepper is hottest, and most dry, white pepper is next, long pepper is most temperate. The general property of all kinds of pepper is to heat the body, but as Galene saith, it pierceth downward, and doth not spread into the veins, if it be gross beaten. It dissolveth phlegm and wind, it helpeth digestion, expulseth urine, and it helpeth against the diseases of the breast, proceeding of cold. It is hot in the first degree, & dry in the second   

☞ ginger.  
Heateth the stomach, and helpeth digestion, but it heateth not so soon as pepper: but afterward the heat remaineth longer, and causeth the mouth to be moysre: Being green, or well confectioned in syrup, it comforteth much the stomach and heed, and quyckneth remembrance. if it be taken in the morrow fasting. It is hot in the second degree, and dry in the first.   

❧ Saffron.  
Somewhat bindeth, heateth, and comforteth the stomach, and the heart specially, and maketh good digestion, being eaten or drunken in a small quantity. It is hot in the second degree, and dry in the first.   

❧ Cloves.  
Hath virtue to comfort the sinews, also to consume and dissolve superfluous humours, They be hot and dry in the third degree: sodden with milk, it comforteth the debility of nature.   

❧ Mases.  
Dioscorides commendeth to be drunk against spitting of blood, and bloody fluxes, and excessive laxes. Paulus Jegineta, addeth to it that it helpeth the cholyke: they be hot in the second degree and dry in the third degree. It is to the stomach very commodious, taken in a little quantity.   

☞ nutmegs  
With their sweet odour comfote and dissolve, and sometime comforteth the power of the sight and also the brain in cold discrasies, and is hot and dry in the second degree.    

❧ Of bread. Cap. 11.  
Bread of fine flower of wheat, having no ●●uyn, is slew of digestion, and maketh 〈◊〉 〈…〉 nours', but it nourisheth moche: if it be l●●yned, it digesteth sooner: bread 〈…〉 ing moche bran, filleth the bealye with excrements, and nourisheth little or nothing, but shortly descendeth from the stomach: The mean between both, sufficiently levyned, well moulded, and moderately baken, is the most wholesome to every age. The greatest loves do nourish most fast, for as much as the fire hath not exhausted the moisture of them. Hot bread, much eaten, maketh fullness and thirst, and slowly passeth. Barley bread cleanseth the body, and doth not nourish so moche as wheat, and maketh cold juice in the body.   

☞ Of flesh. Capi. 12.  
Beef of England to englishmen, which are in health, bringeth strong nourishing, but it maketh gross blood, and engendereth melancholy: but being of young oxen, not exceeding the age of four years, to them, which have choleric stomachs, it is more convenient, than chickens, and other like fine meats.  

swines flesh.  
¶ Above all kinds of flesh in nourishing the body, Galene most commendeth pork, not being of an old swine, and that it be well digested of him, that eateth it. For it maketh best juice, it is most convenient for young persons, and them, which have sustained moche labour, and therewith are fatigate, and become weak. Young pigs are not commended before that they be one month old, for they do breed much superfluous humours.   

Lamb.  
Is very moist and phlegmatic, wherefore it is not convenient for aged men, except that it be very dry roasted, nor yet for them which have in their stomach moche phlegm.   

☞ Mutton.  
¶ Galene doth not commend it, not withstanding 
De alimen. 〈◊〉. ●.  experience proveth here in this realm, that if it be young, it is a right temperate meat, and maketh good juice: and therefore it is used more than any other meat, in all diseases. And yet it is not like good in all places, nor the sheep, which beareth finest wool, is not the sweetest in eating, nor the most tender. But I have found in some countrays mutton, which in whiteness, tenderness, and sweetness of the flesh, mought be well nigh compared to kid, and in digestion have proved as wholesome.   

kid and veal.  
Of Galene is commended next unto pork, but some men do suppose, that in health and sickness they be much better than pork, the juice of them both being more pure. And here it is to be noted, that of all beasts, which be dry of their nature the youngest be most wholesome: of them that are moist, the eldest are lest hurtful.   

Hare, Conye.  
Maketh gross blood, it drieth and stoppeth, but yet it provoketh a man to piss. Conye maketh 
Hippo. de ●atione vi ●us lib. ●. capit. 19 Plin. ●3.  better and more pure nourishment, and is sooner digested than hare. It is well proved, that there is n●o meat more wholesome, or that more clean, firmly, and temperately nourysshethe than rabettes.   

❧ deer red and fallow.  
Hypocrates affirmeth the flesh of hearts and hinds, to be of ill juice, hard of digestion, and dry, but yet it moveth urine. Of fallow dear, he nor any other old writer doth speak of, as I remember. I suppose, because there be not in all the world so men, as be in England, where they consume a good part of the best pasture in the realm, and are in nothing profitable, saving that of the skins of them is made better leather, than is of calves: the hunting of them being not so pleasant, as the huntynge of other venery or vermin, the flesh much more unwholesome and unpleasant, than of a red dear, engendering melancholy, and making many fearefulle dreams, and disposeth the body to a fever, if it be much eaten: not withstanding the fat thereof (as some learned men have supposed) is better to be digested, than the lean.   

Of birds.  
The flesh of all birds, is much lighter, than the flesh of beasts in comparison, most specially of those fowls, which trust most to their wings, and do breed in high countries.   

Capons, hens, and chickens.  
The Capon is above all other fowls praised, for as much as it is easily digested, and maketh little ordure, and much good nourishment. It is commodious to the breast and stomach. Hens in winter are almost equal unto the capon: but they do not make so strong nourishment. avicen saith, if they be roasted in the belly of a kid or lamb, they will be the better. Chickens in summer, specially if they be ●o●k●elles, are very convenient for a weak stomach, and nourisheth a little. The flesh of a rock is hard of direction, but the broth, wherein it is boiled, looseth the belly, and having sodden in it coleworts, Polypodium, or Cartamus, it purgeth ill huinours, and is medicmable against gouts, joint aches, and fevers, which come by courses.   

Fesannt.  
exceedeth all fowls in sweetness and wholesomeness, and is equal to a capon in nourishing, but he is somewhat drier, and is of some men put in comparison, mean between a hen and a patryche.   

Partriche.  
Of all fowls is most soonest digested: and hath in him much nutriment, comforteth the brain, and maketh seed of generation, and re 〈…〉 eth lust, which is abated.   

quails.  
All though they be of some men commended, yet experience proveth them to increase melancholy, and are of a small nourishing.   

Larks.  
Be as well the flesh as the broth, very wholesome: eaten roasted, they do moche help against the cholyke, as Dioscorides saith.   

A plover.  
Is slow of digestion, nourisheth little, and increaseth melancholy.   

Black birds or ousyls.  
Among wild foul hath the chief praise, for lightness of digestion, and that they make good nourishment, and little ordure.   

sparrows.  
Be hard to digest, and are very hot, and stirreth up Venus, & specially the brains of them.   

Woodcocks.  
Are of a good temperance, and meetly light in digestion.   

Pigeons.  
Be easily digested, and are very wholesome to them, which are phlegmatic, or pure melancholy.   

Goose,  
Is hard of digestion, but being young and fat, the wings be easy to digest in a hole stomach, and nourisheth competently.   

Duck,  
Is hotter than goose, and hard to digest, and maketh wars juice, saving the branues on the breast boon, and the neck is better than the remnant.   

Crane and buzzard.  
Crane is hard of digestion, and maketh ill juice, but being hanged up long in the air, he is the lass unwholesome. buzzard being fat, and kept without meat a day or two afore that he be killed, to expulse his ordure, and than drawn, and hanged as the crane is, being roosted or baken, is a good meat, and nourisheth well, if he be well digested.   

Hearon, Byttour, Shou●lar,  
Being young and fat, be lightlier digested than crane: and the byttour sooner than the heron. And the shoular sooner than any of them, but all these fowls must be eaten with moche ginger or pepper, and have good old wine drunk after them, and so shall they be more easily digested, and the juice coming of them be the lass noyful.    

❧ The parts and members of birds and beasts, Cap. 13.  
THe wings brawns and neck of geese, capons, hens, pheasant, partridge, and small birds being fa●te, are better than the legs in digestion, & lighter in nourishing, of wyldfoule and pigeons being fat the legs are better than the wings: the brawns of duck, teal, and wygeon except, which is better to digest than the tesydewe.  

The gysar or stomach.  
Of a goose or hen being fat with bran and milk, being well sodden or made in pou●der, is good for the stomach, in making it strong to digest, and nourisheth competently.   

The lyvar.  
Of a capon, hen, pheasant, or goose, being ●ade fat with milk mixed with their meat, is not only easy to digest, but also maketh good juice, and nourisheth excellently. But the livers of beasts be ill to digest, passeth slowly, and maketh gross blood, but it is strong in nourishing   

The inward of beasts, as tripes and chitterlynges.  
The flesh of them is more hard to digest. And therefore although they be well digested, yet make they not juice naturally sanguine, or clean, but raw juice and cold: and requireth a long time, to be converted into blood.   

The lungs or lights.  
Are more easy to digest than the liver, and lass nourisheth, but the nourishment, that it maketh, is phlegmatic: All be it the lungs of a Fox, is medicinable for them, which have sickness of the lungs.   

The spleen or 〈…〉 ylte.  
Is of ill juice, for it is the ●●aber of melancholy.   

The heart.  
Is of hard flesh, and therefore is not soon digested, nor passeth shortly, but where he is well digesteth, the juice that it maketh, is not to be dispraised.   

The brain.  
Is phlegmatic, of gross juice, slow in digesting, noyous to the stomach, but where it is well digesteth, it nourisheth moche.   

Marrow.  
Is more delectable than the brain, it is ill for the stomach, but where it is well digesteth, it nourisheth moche.   

The stones and udders,  
Being well digested, do nourish moche, but the stones are hotter with their moistness, the udders cold and phlegmatic, they both do increase sede of generation: but the blood made of the udder is better than that, which cometh of the stones, except it be of calves and lambs. Also the stones of cocks, maketh commendable nourishment.   

The heed.  
The flesh thereof nourisheth much, and augmenteth seed: but it is slow of digestion, and noyeth the stomach, but to them, which use moche exercise, it is not discommendable.   

The tongue.  
Is of a spoungy and sanguine substance, but the kernels and gristle, which are in the roots, if they be well digested, they make good nourishment, if they be not well digested, they make phlegm.   

The feet.  
Being well boiled and tender, in a whole stomach, digesteth well, and maketh good juice, and passeth forth easily. Galene commendeth the feet of swine. But I have proved, that the feet of a young bullock tenderly sodden, and laid in sauce two days or three, and eaten cold in the evening, have brought a choleric stomach into a good digestion and sleep, and therewith hath also expulsed salt phlegm and choler, and this have I found in myself by often experience: always foresene, that it be eaten before any other meat, without drinking immediately after it.    

❧ Of fish generally. Cap. 14.  
THe best fish after the opinion of Galen, is that, which swimmeth in the pure see, and is tossed and lift up with winds and surges. The more calm that the water is, the warse is the fish, they which are in muddy waters, do make moche phlegm and ordure, taken in fens and dyches be warste, being in fresh rivers and swift, be sometime commendable: albeit generally, all kinds of fish maketh more th'inner blood, than flesh, so that it doth not moche nourish, and it doth sooner pass out by vapours: to a hot choleric stomach, or in fevers, sometime they be wholesome, being new, fresh, and not very hard in substance or slimy, hard fish is hard of digestion, but the nourishment thereof is more firm, than that, which is soft: those which have much gross humours in them, are best powdered.   

❧ Of butter. Cap. 15.  
BVtter is also nourishing, and profiteth to them, which have humours superfluous, in the breast or lung, and lacketh riping & cleansing of them: specially if it be eaten with sugar or honey. If it be well salted, it heateth and elenseth the more.   

❧ Of Cheese. Cap. 16.  
Cheese by the hole sentence of all ancient writers, letteth digestion, and is enemy unto the stomach. Also it engendereth ill humours, & breedeth the stone. The cheese which doth lest harm, is soft cheese, reasonably salted, which some men do suppose, nourisheth moche.   

☞ Of Eggs. Cap. 17  
Eggs of pheasants, hens, and partridges, be of all other meats most agreeable unto nature, specially if they be new laid: if they be rear, they do cleanse the throat and the breast. If they be hard, they be slow in digestion: but being once digested, they do nourish moche. Mean between rear and hard, they digest conveniently, and nourish quickly. Eggs well poached, are better than roasted. If they be fried hard, they be of ill nourishment, & do make stinking fuines in the stomach, & do corrupt other meats with whom they be mingled. They be most wholesome, when they be poached, and most unwholesome, when they be fried. Dioscorides saith, If they be souped warm, before any other meat, they do heal the griefs of the bladder, and reins, made with marvel: also foreness of the cheeks, and throat, and spytting of blood: and they be good against eatarres, or stilling out of the heed, into the stomach.   

❧ Of drinks, and first of Water Capit. 18.  
Undoubtedly water hath pre-eminence above all other liquors, not only because it is an element, that is to say, a pure matter, whereof all other liquors have their original substance: but also forasmoch, as it was the very natural and first drink, to all manner of creatures. wherefore the fayeng of Pindarus the poet, was ever well allowed, which saith, water is best. And one thing is to be well considered that from the creation of the world, until the universal deluge or blood, during which time, men lived eight or nine hundred years, there was none other drink used nor known, but water. Also the true followers of Pythagoras' doctrine, drank only water, and yet lived long: as Apollonius, and other: and in the searching out of secret and mystical things, their wits excelled. More over, we have seen men and women of great age, and strong of body, which never, or very seldom, drank other drink, than pure water: As by example, in Cornwall, although that the country be in a very cold quarter, which proveth, that if men from their infancy, were accustomed to none other drink but to water only, moderately used it should be sufficient to keep natural moisture, and to cause the meat that is eaten to pierce and descend unto the places of digestion, which are the purposes that drink serveth fore. But now to the qualities of water, after the sentence of ancient philosophers and physicians, The rain water, after the opinion of the most men, if it be received pure & clean, is most subtle and penetratyve, of any other waters: the next is that, which issueth out of a spring in the east, and passeth swiftly, among great stones or rocks: the third is of a clean river, which rennethe on great hard stones or pebbles. There be divers means to try out, which is the best water, for that which is lightest in poised or weight is best. also that, whereof cometh lest skymme or froth, when it doth boil. Also that, which will soonest be hot. More over deep linen clothes into sundry waters, and after lay them to dry, & that which is soon dry, the water wherein it was depid is most subtle. After a great surfeit, cold water drunken is a general remedy. Hypocrates affirmeth, that in sharp and fervent diseases, none other remedy is to be required, than water. And Galene will not, that children should be let from drinking of water: 
De ratione victus in mor. acutis li. 3.  but that when they feel themselves very hot, after meals, and do desire to drink water, specially of a clean fountain, they should be suffered. Also Hypocrates saith, In such sickness where as thou fearest, lest the heed should be vehemently grieved, or the mind perished there must thou give either water, or white wine allayed with moche water. Not withstanding there be in water causes of divers diseases, as of swelling of the spleen, and the liver, it also flitteth and swimmeth, and it is long or it pierceth, in as much, as it is cold and slow in decortion, it loseth not the belly, nor provoketh urine. Also in this it is vicious, that of his proper nature, it maketh none ordure. Finally, always respect must be had to the person, that drinketh it, for to young men, and them, that be hot of complexion, it doth lass harm, and sometime it profiteth: but to them that are feeble, old, fleu matyke, or melancholy, is not convenient.   

❧ Of Wine. Cap. 19  
PLato, the wisest of all philosophers, doth affirm, that wine moderately drunk, nourisheth and comforteth, as well all the body, as the spirits of man. And therefore, god died ordain it for mankind, as a remedy against the incommodities of age: that thereby they should seem to return unto youth, & forget heaviness. Undoubtedly wine heateth and moisteth the body, which qualities chief conserveth nature. And Galene of all wines, commendeth that, which is yellow and clear, saying, That it is the hottest, and white wine lest hot. And the colour mean between both, of semblable temperature. The yellow wine, which is the proper colour of very hot wines, to old men doth bring these commodities first it heateth all their members, also it purgeth by urine, the watery substance of the blood. Moreover the wines, which be pale or yellow, and full of substance, they do increase blood, & nourish the body, but for the more part old men have need of such wines, which do provoke urine: for as much as in them do abound watery excrements, or superfluities. And they which do tarry long in the belly, be not apt for aged men. Black or deep red wines and thick, do bind and congeal that which they do find in the body, and although some of them do not long abide in the belly, yet they move not urine, but rather withdraweth: but yet they do harm to old men, for as much as they do stop the eundites of the spleen, the liver, & the reins. also gross wines be best for them, which desire to be fat, but it maketh oppilations: old wine and clear is better for them, that be phlegmatic. Galene also prohibiteth children to drink any 
Lib. 1. de tuenda sanitate.  wine, forasmuch as they be of an hot and moist temperature, and so is wine: and therefore it heateth and moisteth to much their bodies, and filleth their heeds with vapours. More over, he would, that young men should drink little wine, for it shall make them prone to fury, and to lechery: and that part of the soul, which is called rationable, it shall make troublous and dull●: not withstanding, yet it is sometime profitable to mitigate or expel ordure, made of collar or melancholy. Also it profiteth against dryth, which happeneth in the substance of the body, either by to much labour, or by the proper temperature of age: for wine moisteth and nourisheth that, which is to dry, also mytigateth and dissolveth the sharpness of cholet, and purgeth it also by urine and sweat: Finally (as Theognes' saith Much drinking of wine is ill, but moderate drinking of wine is not only not ill, but also commodious and profitable, which sentence is confirmed by Jesus Syrac, in the book named Ecclesiasticus, saying, wine moderately drunk, rejoiceth both the body and 
Eccle. 3●.  soul. wherefore to conclude this chapter, There is neither meat nor drink, in the use whereof aught to be a more discrete moderation, than in wine, considering that being good & drunk in due time and measure, it not only conserveth natural and radical moisture, whereby life endureth, but also it helpeth the pryneypall members, which belong to digestion, to do they● office: On the other part, being ill or corrupt or taken out of order and measure, it doth contrary to all the premisses, besides that it transformeth a man or woman, making them beastly. More of the qualities of wine, shall be touched hereafter in the order of diet.   

❧ Of Milk. Cap. 20.  
Milk is comparte of three substances, cream, whey, and cruds. The most excellent milk is of a woman The milk of a cow is thyekest, the milk of a cantlle is most subtle, the milk of a goote is between cow milk, and camelle milk. Ewes milk is between cow milk and asses milk. also the milk of beasts, feeding in large pastures, and out of fens and marsshes, is better than of them, which be fed in little closes, or in watery grounds. In springe time milk is most subtle, and milk of young beasts, is wholesomer, than of old. To children, old men, and to them, which be oppressed with melancholy, or have the flesh consumed with a fever ethic, milk is convenient. And generally to all them, which do not feel the milk rise in their stomokes, after that they have eaten it: and in those persons, it doth easily purge that, which is in the belly superfluous. And afterward it entereth into the veins, and bringeth good nourishment. Who so ever hath an appetit to eat or drink milk, to the intent that it shall not arise or abraid in the stomach, let him put in to a vessel, out of the which he will receive it, a few leaves of mints, sugar, or pure honey. And in to that vessel cause the best to be milked, and so drink it warm from the udder: or else let him do as Paulus Aegineta teacheth, that is to say, boil first the milk with an easy fire, and seethe it after with a hotter fire, and skim it clean, and with a sponge deaped in cold water, take that clean away, which would be burned to the vessel, than put to the milk salt and 
Oribasius de confectione ciborum. li. 3.  sugar, and steer it often. More over milk taken to ponurge melancholy, would be drunk in the morning abundantly new milked, as is before written. And he that drinketh, should abstain from meat, and exercise, until the milk be digested, and have somewhat purged the belly. For with labour it becometh sour: and therefore it requireth rest and watch, or to walk very softly. Finally, where men and women be used from their childhod, for the more part, to milk, and do eat none or little other meat, but milk and butter, they appear to be of good complexion and fashion of body, and not so much vexed with sickness, as they which drink wine or ale: not withstanding moche use of milk in men sanguine or choleric, doth engender the stone.   

❧ Of ale, bier, cider, and whey.  
I Can neither here nor read, that ale is made and used for a comen drink in any other country than England, Scotland, Ireland and Poyle. The latin word Cerevitia, is indifferent as well to ale as bier, and the only difference between them is, that bier hath hops sodden in it, ale ought to have none. If the corn be good, the water wholesome and clean, and the ale or bier well and perfitly brewed and cleansed, and by the space of vi days or more, settled and defecate, it must needs be a necessary and convenient drink, as well in sickness as in health: considering that barley corn, where of it is made, is commended, and used in medicine, in all parts of the world: and accounted to be of a singular efficacy, in reducing the body into good temper, specially which is in a distemperature of heat. For what ancient physician is there, that in his works commendeth not ptysane, which is none other than pure barley, brayed in a mortar, and sodden in water, the same thing is small and clean ale or bier, saving that perchance, the drienge of the malt is cause of more dryth to be in the ale, than in ptysane. And the hops in bier maketh it colder in operation. But to say as I think, I suppose, that neither ale nor bier is to be compared to wine, considering, that in them do lack the heat and moisture, which is in wine. For that being moderately used, is most like to the natural heat and moisture of man's body. And also the lykour of ale and bier, being more gross, do engender more gross vapours, and corrupt humours, than wine doth, being drunk in like excess of quantity.  
¶ And one thing is to be noted, which was lately well marked, of a man of excellent learning, being vexed with the sickness of the stone. That in them, which do always use to drink ale or bear the stone & gravel engendered in them, is white of colour: And in them, which do use to drink wine for the most part, the stones and gravel, which be engendereth in them, be red of colour. Not withstanding commonly the colour of the stone followeth the humour, which doth most abound in the patient. As collar maketh the gravel more red, phlegm maketh it more white. Also some men do suppose, that red gravel is engendered in the reins: white gravel in the bladder. More over, who so ever useth ingurgitation of ale or bicre, his breath shall be more loathsome, than the breathes of them, which do take the excess of wine: for the wine, by the reason of his heat, is sooner digesteth, and doth leave behind him, fewer dregs. As for Cider, may not be good in any condition, considering (as I say) that all fruits do ingenderyll humours, & do cool to much natural heat: but to them, which have abundance of reddecholer, moderately used, it somewhat profiteth in mytigation of excessive heat. But who that will dy gently mark in the countrays, where cider is used for a common drink, the men and women have the colour of their visage palled, & the skin of their visage riveled, although that they be young. Whey if it be left of the butter, bring well ordered, and not drunk, until it have a thick cured of milk over it like to a hat, is a right temperate drink: forasmuch as by the vn●tuositie of the butter, whereof the whey retaineth some portion, it is both mayst and nourishing, and cleanseth the breast: and by the subtylnesse of itself, it descendeth soon from the stomach, and is shortly digested. Also by reason of the affinity, which it hath with milk, it is convertible into blood and flesh, specially in those persons, which do inhabit the north parts, in whom natural heat is conglutinate, and therefore is of more puissance and virtue in the office of concoction. Also custom from chylhoode doth elevate the power of meats and drinks in their disposition, not withstanding that the four humours, sangume, choler, phlegm, and melancholy, must also be considered as it shall appert in divers places hereafter,   

❧ Of honey. Cap. 22.  
Honey as well in meat as in drink 〈◊〉 of incomparable efficacy, for it not only cleanseth, altereth, and nourisheth, but also it long time preserveth that uncorrupted, which is put into it. In so much as Plini● saith, Such is the nature of honey, that it suffered not the bodies to putrefy. And he affirmeth, that he did 
Pli. li. 22.  see an Hippocentaure (which is a beast half man, half horse) brought in honey to Claudius the emperor out of Egypte, to Rome. And he telleth also of one Pollio Romulus, who was above a hundred years old, of whom Augustus the emperor demanded, by what means he lived so long, and retained still the vigour or liveliness of body and mind, Pollio answered, that he did it inward with mead (which is drink made with honey and water) outward with oil. Which saying agreeth with the sentence of Democritus, the great philosopher: who being demanded, how a man mought live long in health, he answered, If he wet him within with honey, without with oil The same philosopher, when he was a hundred years old and nine, prolonged his life certain days with the evaporation of honey, as Aristoxenus writeth. Of this excellent matter, most wonderfully wrought and gathered by the little be, as well of the pure dew of heaven, as of the most subtle humour of sweet and virtuous herbs & flowers, be made likors commodious to mankind, as mead, metheglin, & oxymel. Meade which is made with one part of honey, and four times so much of pure water, and boiled until no skymme do remain, is much commended of Galene, drunk in summer, for preserving of 
Galen. de tuend. san. lib. 4.  ●elthe. The same author alway commendeth the using of honey, either raw eaten with fine bread somewhat leavened, or sodden, and received as drink. Also mead perfectly made, cleanseth the breast and lungs, causeth a man to spit easily, and to piss abundantly, and purgeth the belly moderately. Metheglin, which is most used in wales, by reason of hot herbs boiled with honey, is hotter than mead, and more comforteth a cold stomach, if it be perfectly made, and not new or very stolen. oxymel is, where to one part of vinegar is put double so moche of honey, four times as much of water, and that being boiled unto the third part, and clean skimmed with a feather, is used to be taken, where in the stomach is moche phlegm or matter undigested, so that it be not red choler, Look the use thereof in Alexandro Tralliano. Many other good qualities of honey, I omit to write of, until some other occasion shall happen, to remember them particularly, where they shall s●me to be profitable.   

❧ Sugar. Cap. 23.  
OF sugar, I do find none ancient author of greeks or latins, to write by name, but only Paulus Aegineta, who saith in this wise, after that he hath treated of honey, Moreover sugar, which they call honey, that is brought to us from Arabia, called felix, is not so sweet as our honey, but is equal in virtue, and doth not annoy the stomach, nor causeth thirst. These be the words of Paulus. It is now in daily experience, that sugar is a thing very temperate and nourishing, and where there is choler in the stomach, or that the stomach abhorreth honey, it may be used for honey in all things, wherein honey is required to be.   

❧ Of tyme. Cap. 24.  
IN the consideration of time, for taking of meats and drinks, it is to be remembered, that in winter meats ought to be taken in great abundance, and of a more gross substance than in summer, forasmuch as the exterior air, which compasseth the body being cold, causeth the heat to withdraw into the inner parts, where being enclosed, and contract together in the stomach & entrails, it is of more force to boil & digest that, which is received into it. Also meats roasted, are than better than sodden, and flesh & fish powdered, is than better than in summer. Herbs be not than commendable, specially raw, neither fruits, except quinces roasted or baked, drink should be than taken in little quantity. Moreover wines shall need no water, or very little, and that to choleric persons: red wines, and they, which be thick & sweet, may be than most surely taken of them, which have none oppilations, or the stone. Always remember, that in winter phlegm increaseth by reason of rain and moistness of that season, also the length of nights and moche rest. And therefore in that time choleric persons, are best at ease, semblably 
Gal. in comment. in apho. 2. li. 3.  are young men, but to old men winter is enemy. It beginneth the viii day of November, & endureth until the viii day of February.  
The spring time doth participate the first part with winter, the latter part, with summer. Wherefore if the first part be cold, than 
Hipocrat. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 humana.  shall the diet be according to winter. If the end be hot, than shall the diet be of summer. If ●ot●e parts be temperate, than should there be also a temperannce in diet: alway considering, that phlegm yet remaineth, & blood than 〈…〉 r●aseth meat would be lass in quantity than 〈…〉 ynter, and drink somewhat more. Spring time beginneth the viii day of February, 〈◊〉 continueth until the viii day of May.  
In semmer the inward heat is but little, & the stomach doth not digest so strongly nor quickly 
Gal. 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉. lib 〈◊〉.  as in winter, wherefore in that season, eating often, and a little at one's, is most convenient. And Damascenus saith, that fasting in summer drieth the body, maketh the colour salowe, engendereth melancholy, and hurteth the sight. also boiled meat, bread steeped in white broth, 
Hipocrates de 〈…〉 moribus.  with s●dden lettuce, or cykorie, are than good to be used also variety in meats, but not at one meal, potages made with cold herbs, drink in more abundance, wine allayed with water, to hot complexions moche, to cold nature's lass. In this season blood increaseth, and toward the end thereof, choler. And therefore they, which 
Galen in comment. in aphor.  be cold of nature and moist, are than best at case, hot natures and dry waste. More over, children, and very young men in the beginning of summer, are holest, old folk in the latter end and in harvests summer beginneth the viii day of May, & continueth until the viii day of August.  
Autumn beginneth the viii day of August, & endeth the viii day of November, that season of the year is variable, & the air changeable, by occasion whereof, happen sundry siknessis, & blood decreaseth, & melancholy aboundeth: wherefore all summer fruits would than be eschewed, forasmuch as they make ill juice and winds in the body. In this time meat would be more abundant than in summer, but somewhat drier: drink must be lass in quantity, but lass mixed with water. This time is dangerous to all ages, all natures, and all countrays, but the nature's hot and moist, be lest endamaged.  

☞ Diet concerning sundry times of the year written by the old physician D●ocles to king Antigonus.  
FRom the xii day of December, at the which time the day is at the shortest, until the ninth day of March, which do contain lxxxx. days, rheums and moistures do increase, than meats and drinks naturally very hot, would be moderately used, also to drink abundantly wine without alaye or with little water, and to use liberally the company of a woman, is not unwholesome to the body.  
¶ FRom the ninth day of March, at which time is eaquinoctium vernum, unto the. xxv day of April, sweet phlegm and blood do increase, therefore use than things having moche juice and sharp, exercise the body diligently, than may ye use safely the company of a woman.  
¶ From the xxv. day of Apryll. to the xiiii day of June, Choler increaseth, than use all things, that are sweet, and do make the belly soluble, forbear carnal company with women.  
¶ From the xiiii day of June, at which time the day is at the lengest, unto the xii day of September, doth melancholy reign, forbear lechery, or use it moderately.  
¶ From the xii day of September, unto the xvii. day of October, do abound phlegm and thin humours, than would all flures and distillations be prohibited, than all sharp meats and drinks and of good juice, are to be used, and lechery eschewed.  
¶ from the xvii day of October, to the xii day of December, increaseth gross phlegm, use therefore all bitter meats, sweet wines, fat meat, and moche exercise.    

❧ Of ages. Cap. 25.  
Children would be nourisheth with meats 
Gal. de tu. san. li. 1. children.  and drinks, which are moderately hot and moist, not withstanding Galene doth prohibit them the use of wine, because it moisteth and heateth to much the body, and filleth the heeds of them, which are hot and moist, with vapours. Also he permitteth them in hot wether to drink clear water of the fountain.  
¶ A child growing fast in his members toward a man, so that he seemeth well fed in the body, is than to be feared of fullness of humours, 
Oribasins de virtute simpli. li. 1.  and if it be perceived, that he is replete, than must be withdrawn and minished some part of that nutriment, and according unto his age, some evacuation would be devised, other while by exercise, walking up and down fasting, and before that they eat any meat, let them exercise themselves with their own labours and do their own accustomed business, and eat the meats whereunto they be most used, so that it be such, that may not hurt them. And this need they not to know of physicians, but by experience and diligent search by their stool, their norices shall perceive what digesteth well, and what doth not.  
¶ But if it appear, that by excessive feeding the belly of the child is fuller and greater than it was wont to be, and that which passeth by the belly, is corrupted, or his sweat stinketh, these things known, if they eat strong meats, give them not one kind of meat, but divers, that the novelty of the meat may help, that they may go more easily to the stole. For if any have an unreasonable appetite, he is sooner recovered, if he be purged by a boil or impostume comen forth and broken, before that the meat be corrupted: and after that let him eat fine meats, and being one's hole, return by little and little to his old custom.  
¶ Young men, exceeding the age of xiiii years, 
Young men  shall eat meats more gross of substance, colder and moister: also salads of cold herbs, and to drink seldom wine, except it be allayed with water. All be it all these things must be tempered, according to their complexions, & exercise and quietness in living, whereof ye shall reed in their proper places hereafter.  
¶ Died men, in whom natural heat & strength 
Old men  seemeth to decay, should use always meats, which are of quality hot and moist, and there with all easy to be digested, and abstain utterly from all meats & drinks, which will engender thick juice and slimy, semblably from wine, which is thick, sweet, and dark red wines, and rather use them, which will make thine humours, and will purge well the blood by urine: therefore white or yellow wines, and perchance french clarette wines, are for them very come, 
Paulus Eg●●eta. li. 1. cap. 23.  mendable. Also wine prepared with pure honey clarified, wherein roots of persely or fenelle be steeped, specially if they suspect any thing of the stone, or gout▪ And if they more desire to cleanse their reins and bladder: than is it good to use small white wine, as racked renishe wine, or other like to it. and sometime to step over night therein a persely root slit, and somewhat bruised, and a little lykorice. Finally, let them beware of all meats, that will stop the poors, and make obstructions or oppilations, that 
Oppilations what they are.  is to say, with clammy matter stop the places, where the natural humours are wrought and digested, the which meats I have before set in a table. But if it chance them, to eat any such meat in abundance, let them take shortly such things, as do resist oppilations, or resolve them. As white pepper, bruised and mixed with their meats or drink: garlic also or onions, if they abhor them not. Always remember, that aged men should eat often, and but little at every time, for it fareth by them, as it doth by a lamp, which is almost extinct, which by pouring in of oil little and little, is long kept bourning: and with moche oil poured in at ones, it is clean put out. Also they must forbear all things, which do engender melancholy, whereof ye shall read in the table before: and breadde clean without leaven, is to them unwholesome.   

Moderation in diet, having respect to the strength or weakness of the person. Cap. 26.  
Now here it must be considered, that all though I have written a general diet for every age, yet nevertheless it must be remembered, that some children and young men, either by debility of nature, or by some accidental cause, as sickness, or much study, happen to gather humours phlegmatic or melancholy in the places of digestion, so that concoction or digestion is as weak in them as in those, which are aged Semblably some old men find nature so beneficial unto them, that their stomachs and livers are more strong to digest, than the said young men, some perchance have moche choler remaining in them. In these cases the said young men must use the diet of old men, or nigh unto it, until the discrasy be removed, having alway respect to their universal complexions, as they, which are naturally choleric, to use hot things in a more temperance than they, which be phlegmatic, or melancholy by nature. The same observation shall be to 
Hipocrat. aphor. Galen. in comment.  old men, saving that age, of his own property is cold and dry, therefore the old man, that is choleric, shall have more regard to moisture in meats, than the young man being of the same complexion. Foresene alway, that where nature is offended or grieved, she is cured by that, which is contrary to that, which offendeth or grieveth, as cold by heat, heat by cold, dryth by moisture, moisture by dryth. In that whereby nature should be nourished in a hole and temperate body, things must be taken, which are like to the man's nature in quality and degree. As where one hath his body in a good temper, things of the same temperance doth nourish him. But where he is out of temper, in heat, cold, moisture, or dryth, temperate meats or drinks, nothing do profit him, for being out of the mean and perfit temperature, nature requireth to be thereto reduced by contraries, remembering not only, that contraries are remedy unto their contraries, but also in every contrary, consideration be had of the proportion in quantity.   

❧ times in day concerning meals. Cap. 27.  
Besides the times of the year, and ages, there be also other times of eating and drinking to be remembered, as the sundry times in the day, which we call meals, which are in number and distance, according to the temperature of the country and person: As where the country is cold, and the person lusty, and of a strong nature, there may ●●o meals be used, or the lass distance of time between them. Contrariwise in contrary countrays and personages, the cause is afore rehearsed, where I have spoken of the diet of the times of the year, not withstanding here must be also consideration of exercise and rest, which do augment or apeireth the natural disposition of bodies, as shall be more declared hereafter in the chapter of exercise. But concerning the general usage of countries, & admitting the bodies to be in perfect state of health. I suppose that in England young men, until they come to the age of xl years, may well eat three meals in one day, as at breakfast, dinner, & supper, so that between breakfast and dinner, be the space of four hours at the least, between dinner and supper vi hours, and the breakfast lass than the dinner, and the dinner moderate, that is to say, alas than saciete or fullness of belly, and the drink thereunto measurable, according to the dryness or moistness of the meat. For much abundance of drink at meal, drowned the meat eaten, and not only letteth convenient concoction in the stomach, but also causeth it to pass faster than nature requireth, and therefore engendereth moche phlegm, and consequently rheums, & crudenes in the veins, debility and slyppernesse of the stomach, continual flux, and many other inconveniences to the body and members. But to return to meals, I think breakefastes necessary in this realm, as well for the causes before rehearsed, as 
breakfast.  also uless as choler, being fervent in the stomach, sendeth up fumosities unto the brain, and causeth heed ache, and sometime becometh adust, and smouldreth in the stomach, whereby happeneth perilous sickness, and sometime sudden death, if the heat enclosed in the stomach have not other convenient matter to work on: this daily experience proveth, and natural reason confirmeth. Therefore men and women not aged, having their stomachs clean without putrefied matter, sleeping moderately and sondely in the night, and feeling themself light in the morning, and sweet breathed, let them on god's name break their fast: choleric men with gross meat, men of other complexions with lighter meat, fore seen, that they labour somewhat before: semblably their dinner and supper, as I have before written, so that they sleep not incontinent after their meals. And here I will not recite the sentences of authors, which had never experience of english men's natures, or of the just temperature of this realm of England, only this counsel of Hipocrates shall 
Hipocrat. aphor. 13. lib. 1. Galen. de tuend. san.  be sufficient. We ought to grant somewhat to time, to age, and to custom: not withstanding where great weariness or dryth, grieved the body, there ought the dinner to be the less, and the longer distance between dinner and supper. also moche rest, except a little soft walking, that by an upright moving, the meat being stirred, may descend. This is always to be remembered, that where one feeleth himself full, and grieved with his dinner, or the savour of his meat by erurtation ascendeth or that his stomach is week by late sickness or moche study, than is it most convenient, to abstain from supper, and rather provoke himself to sleep moche, than to eat or drink any thing. Also to drink between meals, is not laudable, except very great thirst constraineth, for it interrupteth the office of the stomach in concoction, and causeth the meat to pass faster than it should do, and the drink being cold, it rebuketh natural heat, that is working, and the meat remaining raw, it corrupteth digestion, and maketh crudenesse in the veins, wherefore he that is thirsty, let him consider the occasion. If it be of salt phlegm, let him walk fair and softly, and only wash his mouth, and his throat with barley water, or small ale, or lie down and sleep a little, and so the thirst will pass away, or at the least be well assuaged. If it happen by extreme heat of the air, or by pure choler, or eating of hot spices, let him drink a little julep made with clean water and sugar, or a little small bier or ale, so that he drink not a great glut, but in a little quantity, let it still down softly into his stomach, as he sitteth, and than let him not move suddenly. If the thirst be in the evening, by eating to much, and drinking of wine, than after the opinion of the best learned physicians, and as I myself have often experienced, the best remedy is, if there be no fever, to drink a good draft of cold water, immediately, or else if it be not painful for him to vomit, to provoke him thereto with a little warm water, and after to wash his mouth with vinegar and water, and so to sleep long and sound, if he can. And if in the morning he feel any fumosities rising, than to drink julep of violets, or for lack thereof, a good draft of very small ale or bier somewhat warmed, without eating any thing after it.   

❧ Of diversity of meats eaten whereby health is appaired. Cap. 28.  
NOw let this be a general rule, that sundry meats, being divers in substance and quality, eaten at one meal, is the greatest enemy to health, that may be, and that which engendereth most sicknesses, for some meats being gross, and hard to digest, some fine & easy to digest, do require divers operations of nature, and divers temperatures of the stomach, that is to say, much heat and temperate heat, which may not be together at one tyme. Therefore when the fine meat is sufficiently boiled in the stomach, the gross meat is raw, so both juices, th'one good and petfite, the other gross and crude, at one time digested, and sent into the veins and body, needs must health decay, and sicknesses be engendered. Likewise in divers meats being divers qualities, as where some are hot and moist, some cold and moist, some hot and dry, some cold and dry, according there unto shall the juice be divers, which they make in the body. And like as between the said qualities is contrariety, so thereby shall be in the body an unequal temperature, forasmuch as it is not possible for man to esteem so just a proportion of the qualities of that, which he receiveth, that the one shall not exceed the other in quantity. wherefore of the said unequal mixture, needs must ensue corruption, & consequently sickness. And theofore to a hole man, it were better, to feed at one meal competently on very gross meat only, so that it be sweet, and his nature do not abhor it, than on divers fine meats, of sundry substance and qualities. I have known and seen old men, and old women, which eating only beef, baken, cheese, or curds, have continued in good health, whom I have proved, that when they have eaten sundry fine meats at one meal, have soon after felt themself grieved with frettings and head ache, and after that they have been hole again, there hath been given to them one kind of light meat, they have done as well therewith, as they were wont to do with gross meats, when they eat it alone, which proveth to be true that which I have rehearsed. And it is good reason, for after the general opinion of philosophers and physicians, the nature of mankind is best content with things most simple and unmixed, all things tending to unity, wherein is the only perfection. Also it is a general rule of physic, that where a sickness may be cured with simples, that is to say, with one only thing, that is medieinable, there should the physician give no compound medicine mixed with many things.  
These things considered, it may seem to all men, that have reason, what abuse is here in this realm in the continual gourmandyse & daily feeding on sundry meats, at one meal, the spirit of gluttony, triumphing among us is his glorious chariot, called welfare, driving us afore him, as his prisoners, into his dungcon of 
Gluttony.  surfeit, where we are tur●edted with catarrhs, fevers, gouts, pleuresies, freiting of the guts, & many other sicknesses, and finally cruelly put to death by them, oftentimes in youth, or in the most pleasant time of our life, when we would most gladly live. For the remedy whereof, how many times have there been dyvised ordinances and acts of counsel, although perchance bodily health was not the chief occasion thereof, but rather provision against vain and sumptuous expenses of the mean people. For the nobility was exempted and had liberty to abide still in the dungeon, if they would, and to live lass while than other men: But when, where, and how long were the said good denyses put in due execution, for all that thereof should succeed double profit, that is to say, health of body, and increase of substance, by eschewing of superfluous expenses in sundry dishes? Alas how long will men fantasy laws and good ordinances, and never determine them. Fantasy proceedeth of wit, dete, mination of wisdom, wit is in the devising and speaking, but wisdom is in the performance, which resteth only in execution. Here I had almost forgotten, that my purpose was to write of the order of diet, and not of laws, but the fervent love that I have to the public weal of my country, constrained me to digress somewhat from my matter: but now will I proceed forth to write of order, which in taking of meats and drinks, is not the lest part of diet.   

Of order in receiving of meat and drink. Cap. 29.  
Herbs as well sodden, as unsodden, also fruits, which do mollify and louse the belly, ought to be eaten before any other meat, except that sometime for the repressing of fumosities, rising in the heed by much drinking of wine, raw lettuce, or a cold appull, or the juice of oranges or lemons may be taken after meals in a little quantity. More over all broths, milk, rear eggs, and meats, which are purposely taken to make the bealye soluble, would be first eaten. All fruits and other meats, that are styptike or binding, would be eaten last after all other. Fruits confectionate specially with honey, are not to be eaten with other meats. But here is it to be dylygentelye noted, that where the stomach is choleric and strong, gross meats would be first eaten; where the stomach is cold or weak, there would fine meats be first eaten: for in a hot stomach, fine meats are bourned, while the gross meat is digesting. Contrary wise in a cold stomach, the little heat is suffocate with gross meat, & the fine meat left raw, for lack of concoction, where if the fine meat be first taken moderately, it steereth up and comforteth natural heat, and maketh it more able to concoct gross meats, if they be eaten afterward: so that it be but in small quantity. not withstanding, as I late affirmed, one manner of meat is most sure to every complerion. foreseen that it be always most commonly in conformity of qualities, with the person that eateth. Moreover take heed, that slipper meats be not first eaten, lest it draw with it to hastily other meats, or they be digested, nor that stiptik or restraining meatis, be taken at the beginning as quinces, pears, and medlars, lest they may let other meats, that they descend not into the bottom of the stomach, where they should be digested, not withstanding the confection made with the juice of quinces, called Dacitonites, taken two hours afore dinner, or supper, is commended of Galene, and other, for restoring appetite, and making good concoction. Also concerning drink at meals, it would not be afore, that somewhat were eaten. And at the beginning the drink would be strongest, & so toward the end more small, if it be ale or bear, & if it be wine more & more alaide with water. And after the better opinion of physicians, the drink would rather be mixed with the meat by sundry little draughts, than with one great draft at th'end of the meal, for the mixture tempreth well the meat without annoyance, a great draft with much drink, drowneth the meat, rebuketh natural heat, that than worketh in concoction, & with his weight driveth down the meat to hastily. Hot wines and sweet, or confectioned with spices, or very strong ale or bear, are not convenient at meals, for the meat is by them rather corrupted, than digested, & they make hot and stinking vapours ascend up to the brains. All be it if the stomach be very windy, or so cold and feeble, that it can not concoct such a quantity of meat, as is required to the sufficient nourishment of the body of him that eateth, or hath eaten raw herbs or fruits, where by he feeleth some annoyance, than may he drink last incontinent after his meal, a little quantity of seek, or good aqua vite in small ale: but if he have moche choler in his stomach or a heed full of vapours, it were much better, that he did neither drink the one, nor the other, but rather eat a little colyander seed prepared, or a piece of a quince roasted, or in marmelade, and after rest, to amend the lack of nature with sleep, moderate exercise, and plasters provided for comforting of the stomach. And here will I leave to write any more of the diet in eating & drinking, saving that I would, that the readers should have in remembrance these two counsels. first, that to an hole man, to precise a rule is not convenient in diet: & that the diseases, which do happen by to much abstinence, are wars to be cured, than they which come by repletion. 
Cor. Ccl. li. l. cap. 1.  And as Cornelius Celsus saith, A man that is hole and well at ease, and is at his liberty, ought not to bind himself to rules, or need a physician: but yet where the stomach is feeble, as is of 
Idem, ca 2.  the more part of citesyns, and well nigh all they that be studious in learning or weighty affairs, there ought to be more circumspection, that the meat may be such, as that either in quality or quantity, nature being but feeble, but not rebuked, or to much oppressed.   

☞ Of sleep and watch. Cap 30.  
THe commodity of moderate sleep, appeareth by this, that natural heat, which is occupied about the matter, whereof proceedeth nourishment, is comforted in the places of digestion, and so digestion is made better, or more perfit by sleep, the body fatter, the mind more quiet and clear. the humours temperate: and by moche watch all things happen contrary. The moderation of sleep must be measured by health and sickness, by age, by time, by emptiness or fullness of the body, and by natural complexions. first to a hole man, having no devilitie of nature, and digesting perfitly the meat that eateth, a little sleep is sufficient: but to them, which have weak stomachs, and do digest slowly, it requireth, that sleep be moche lengar. semblable temperance is required in youth and age, winter and summer. The body being full of ill humours, very little sleep is sufficient, except the humours be crude or raw, for than is sleep necessary, which digesteth them better, than labour. Semblably, where the body is long empty, by long sickness or abstinence, sleep comforteth nature, as well in the principal members, as in all the other. Also regard must be had to the complexion, for they that are hot and do eat little, and digest quickly, a little sleep serveth, specially to choleric persons, for in them much sleep augmenteth heat, more than is necessary, whereby hot fumes and inflammations are often engendered, and sometime the natural choler is adust or putryfied, as experience teacheth. phlegmatic persons at naturallly inclined to sleep: and because they engender moche humours, they require more sleep than sanguine or choleric. Persons having natural melancholy, not proceeding of choler adust, do require very moche sleep, which in them comforteth the powers animal, vital, and natural, which ye may find written in the tables preceding Sleep would be taken not immediately after meals, and before that the meat is descended from the mouth of the stomach. For thereby is engendered pains and noise in the belly, and digestion corrupted, and the sleep by ill vapours, ascending, made unquiet and troublous. More over immoderate sleep maketh the body apt unto palsies, apoplexis, falling sickness, rheums, & impostumes. Also it maketh the wits dull, and the body slow and unapt to honest exercise. Scmblably immoderate watch drieth to much the body, and doth debilytate the powers animal, letteth digestion, and maketh the body apt to consumptions. Wherefore in these two things, as well as all other, a diligent temperance is to be used the moderation is best conjected for it is hard perfitly to know it) by the sensible lightness of all the body, specially of the brain, the brows, and the eyes, the passage down of the meat from the stomach, the will to make urine, and to go to the stool. Contrary wise, heaviness in the body and eyes, and savour of the meet before eaten, signifieth that the sleep was not sufficient. They that are hole must sleep first on the right side, because the meat may approach to the liver, which is to the stomach, as fire under the pot, and by him is digested. To them, which have feeble digestion, it is good to sleep prostrate on their bealyes, or to have their bare hand on their stomachs. Lying upright on the back, is to be utterly abhorred.   

The commodity of exercise, and the time when it should be used. Cap. 31.  
EVery meaning is not an exercise, but only that which is vehement, the end whereof, is alteration of the breath or wind of a man Of exercise do proceed two commodities, evacuation of excrements, and also good habit of the body. for exercise being a vehement motion, there of needs must ensue hardness of the members, whereby labour shall the less grieve, and the body be the more strong to labour. also thereof cometh augmentation of heat, whereby happeneth the more attraction of things to be digested, also more quick alteration, and better nourishing More over, that all and singular parts of the body, be therewith somewhat humected. whereby it happeneth, that things hard be mollified moist things are extenuate, and the pores of the body are more opened. And by the violence of the breath or wind, the pores are cleansed, and the filth in the body naturally expelled. This thing is so necessary to the preservation of health, that without it, no man may be long without sickness, which is affirmed by Lornelius Lelsus, 
Cor. Cel. lib. 1.  saying, that sluggishness dulleth the body, labour doth strength it, the first bringeth the in commodities of age shortly, the last maketh a man long time lusty. Not withstanding in exercise ought to be four things diligently considered, that is to say, the time, the things preceding, the quality and the quantity of exercise.  
first as concerning the time convenient for exercise, that it be not when there is in the stomach or bowels, great quantity of meat not sufficiently digested, or of humours crude or raw, less thereby peril mought ensue by conveyance of them into all the members, before those meats 
Galen. de tuend. san. lib. 1.  or humours be concoct or boiled suffyeyently. Galen saith, that the time most convenient for exercise is, when both the first & second digestion is complete, as well in the stomach, as in the veins, & that the time approacheth to eat 〈◊〉. For if ye do exercise sooner or later, ye shall either fill the body with crude humours, or else augment yellow choler. The knowledge of this time is perceived by the colour of the urine, for that which resembleth unto clear water betokeneth, that the juice, which cometh from the stomach, is crude in the veins: that which is well coloured; not to high or base, betokeneth that the second digestion is now perfit: where the colour is very high or red, it sygh●●fyet 〈…〉 that the concoction is more than sufficient. Wherefore when the urine appeareth in a temperate colour, not red nor pale, but as it were gilt, than should exercise have his beginning.   

❧ Of fricasies or rubbynge preceding exercise. Cap. 32.  
AS touching things proceeding exercise, for as much as it is to be feared, lest by vehement exercise any of the excremen 
Galenus. Paulus. Oribasius, Actius.  tes of the belly or bladder, should hastily be received into the habit of the body, by the violence of heat, kindled by exercise: also lest 〈◊〉 thing, which is hole, be by heuyness● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈…〉tes, or violent motion, broken or 〈◊〉 out of his place, or that the excrements, by violence of the breath, should stop the pomares or 〈…〉 dytes of the body, it shall be necessary little and little, by chafing the body, first to mollify the parts consolydate, and to ex 〈…〉 te or make thin the humours, and to louse and open the poors, and than shall ensue to him that exerciseth, no peril of obstruction or rapture. And to bring that to pass, it shall be expedient, after that the body is cleansed, to rub the body with a course linen cloth, first softly and easily, and after to increase more and more, to a hard and swift rubbing, until the flesh do sweet, and be somewhat ruddy, and that not only down right, but also overthwart & round Some do use fricasies in this form, in the morning, after that they have been at the stole, with their shirt sleeves or bare hand, if their flesh be tended, they do first softly, and afterward faster, rub their breast, and sides downward, and overthwart, not touching their stomach or belly, and after cause their servant semblably to rub overthwart their shoulders, and back, beginning at their neckbone, and not touching the reins of their back, except they do feel there much cold and wind, and afterward their legs from the knees to the ankle: last their arms from the elbow to the hand wrest. And in this form of fricasy I myself have founded an excellent commodity. Old men, or they, which be very dry in their bodies, if they put to some sweet oils, as Yrinum, Nardium, Chamemelinum, or other like, mixed with a little sweet oil of rooses, I suppose they do well. I will not here speak of ointments used in ode time among the Romans and Greeks, in fry 〈…〉 or rubbynges. For I suppose, that they were never here used. and in the said places, they be also left, unless it be in palsies, or apoplexies, or against the rigour, which happeneth in fevers, only. I will remember the saying of Hipocrates, Fricasye hath power to louse, to bind, to increase flesh, and to minish it. For hard fryeasies do bind or consolidate, soft rubbing doth louse or mollify, moche doth minish flesh, mean rubbing doth augment or increase it. He that will know more abundantly hereof, let him read the book of Galene of the preservation of health, called in latin Detuenda sanitate, translated most truly and eloquentely, out of Greek into latin, by doctor Linacre, late physician of most worthy memory to our sovereign lord king Henry the eight. The same matter is written more briefly of Paulus Aegineta, Oribasius, Aetius and some other late writers, but unto Galene not to be compared.   

¶ The diversities of exercises. Cap. 33.  
THe quality of exercise, is the diversity thereof, forasmuch as therein be many differences in moving, and also some exercise moveth more one part of the body, some another. In difference of moving, some is slow or soft, some is swift or fast: some is strong or violent, some be mixed with strength & swiftness. Strong or violent exercises be these, delving (specially in tough clay and heavy) bearing or sustaining of heavy burdeynes, climbing or walking against a steep upright hill: holding a rope, & climbing up thereby, hanging by the hands on any thing, above a man's reach, that his feet touch not the ground: standing and holding up, or spreading the arms, with the hands fast closed, and abiding so a long tyme. Also to hold the arms steadfast, causing an other man, to assay, to pull them out, and not withstanding he keepeth his arm steadfast, enforcing thereunto the sinews and muscles. wrestling also with the arms and legs, if the persons be equal in strength, it doth exercise the one and the other: if the one be stronger, than is it to the weaker a more violent exercise. All these kinds of exercises, and other like them, do augment strength, and therefore they serve only for young men, which be inclined, or be apt to the wars. Swift exercise without violence is, running, playing with weapons, tenyse, or throwing of the ball, trotting a space of ground forward and backward, going on the toes, and holding up the hands. Also stirring up and down his arms, without plummets. Vehement exercise is compound of violent exercise, and swift, when they are joined together at one time, as dancing of galyardes, throwing of the ball, and rounning after it: footeballe play may be in the number thereof, throwing of the long dart, and continuing it many times, running in harness, and other like.  
The moderate exercise is long walking or going a journey. The parts of the body have sundry exercises appropried unto them, as running and going is the most proper for the legs. Moving of the arms up and down, of stretching them out, and playing with weapons, serveth most for the arms and shoulders, stooping and rising oftentime, or lifting great weights, taking up plummets or other like poises on the ends of staves, and in like wise, lifting up in every hand a spear or mortspyke by the ends, specially crossing the hands, and to lay them down again in their places, these do exercise the back and loins. Of the bulk and lungs the proper exercise is moving of the breath in singing or crying. The entrails, which be underneath the myddreffe, be exercised by blowing, either by constraint, or playing on Shaulmes, or Sackbottes, or other like instruments, which do require moche wind. The Muscales are best exercised with holding the breath in, a long time, so that he which doth exercise, hath well digested his meat, and is not troubled with moche wind in his body. Finally loud reading, counterfeit battle, tenyse, or throwing the ball, running, walking, 
Celsus. 1.  add to shooting, which in mine opinion exceed all the other, do exercise the body commodiousely. Alway remember, that the end of violent exercise, is difficulty in fetching of the breath. Of moderate exercise, alteration of breath only, or the beginning of sweat. More over in winter, running, and wrestling, is convenient. In summer wrestling a little, but not running. In very cold wether, moche walking, in hot wether, rest is more expedient. They which seem to have moist bodies, and live in idleness, they have need of violent exercise 〈…〉 They which at lean and choleric, must walk softly, and exercise themselves very temperately. The plummets, called of Galen Alteres, which are now much used with great men, being of equal weight, and according to the strength of him, that exerciseth, are very good to be used fasting, a little before brekefaste or dinner, holding in every hand one plummet, and lifting them on high, and bringing them down with moche violence, and so he may make the exercise violent, or moderate, after the poised of the plummets, heavier or lighter, and with moche or little labouring with them.   

☞ Of Gestation, that is to say, where one is carried, and is of an other thing moved, and not of himself. Cap. 34.  
THere is also an other kind of exercise, which is called Gestation, and is mixed with moving and rest. For as much as 
Paul. 〈◊〉. Actius.  the body, sitting or lying, seemeth to rest, and not withstanding it is moved by that, which beareth it, as dying in a bed, having by cords or chains, or in a cradle, sitting in a chair, which is carried on men's shoulders with staves, as was the use of the ancient romans or sitting in a boot or barge, which is rowed, riding on a horse, which aumbleth very easily, or goth a very soft pace. The bed, cradle, and chair carried, serveth for them, that are in long and continual sickness, or be lately recovered of a fever Also them, which have the frenzy or litarge, or have a light terciane fever, or a cotidiane. This exercise sweetly assuageth troubles of the mind, and provoketh sleep, as it appeareth in children, which are rocked. Also it is convenient for them, which have the palsy, the stone, or the gout. Gestation in a chariot or waggon hath in it a shaking of the body, but some vehement, and some more soft, the soft serveth in diseases of the head, and where any matter runneth down into the stomach and entrails. But the vehement shaking is to be used in the griefs of the breast and stomach. Also in swelling of the body and legs in dropsies, palsies, mygrimes, and scotomies, which is an imagination of darkness, being retonutned, at the end of his journey, he must sit up, and be easily moved. I have known, saith Aetius, many persons in such wise cured without any other help. Navigation or rowing nigh to the land, in a claim water, is expedient for them that have dropsies, lepries, palsepes, called of the vulgar people, takings, and fransies. To be carried on a rough water, it is a violent exercise, & induceth sundry affections of the mind, sometime fear, sometime hope, now coward heart, now hardiness, one while pleasure, another while displeasure. These exercises, if they be well tempered, they may put out of the body, all long during sicknesses. For that which is mixed with rest and meaning, if any thing else may, it most excellently causeth the body to be well nourished. Celsus, 
Celsus. 2.  doth prohybite gestation, where the body feeleth pain, & in the beginning of fevers, but when they cease, he alloweth it.  
Riding moderately, and without grief, it doth corroborate the spirit and body above other exercises, specially the stomach, it cleanseth the senses, and maketh them more quick: all be it to the breast it is very noyful. It ought to be remembered, that as well this, as all other kinds of exercise, would be used in a hole country, and where the air is pure and uncorrupted. Foresene, that he that will exercise, do go first to the stool, for the causes rehearsed in the last chapter.   

❧ Of vociferation. Cap. 35.  
THe chief exercise of the breast and instruments of the voice, is vociferation, which is singing, reading, or crying, whereof is the property, that it purgeth natural heat, and maketh it also subtle and stable, and maketh the members of the body substantial and strong, resisting diseases. This exercise would be used, of persons short winded, and them, which can not fetch their breath, but holding their neck straight upright. Also of them, whose flesh is consumed, specially about the breast and shoulders. also which have had apostume● broken in their breasts: moreover of them that are hoorse by the moche moisture. and to them, which have quartene fevers, it is convenient, it looseth the humour, that sticketh in the breast, and drieth up the moistness of the stomach, which properly the course of the quartayne is wont to bring with him, it also profiteth them which have feeble stomachs, or do vomit continually, or do break up sourness out of the stomach. It is good also for griefs of the heed. He that intendeth to attempt this exercise, after that he hath been at the stool, and softly rubbed the lower parts, and washed his hands. Let him speak with as base a voice as he can, and walking, begin to sing louder & louder, but still in a base voice, and to take no heed of sweet tunes or harmony. For that nothing doth profit unto health of the body, but to enforce himself to sing great, for thereby moche air drawn in by fetching of breath, thrustyth forth the breast and stomach, and openeth and enlargeth the poors. By high crying and loud reading, are expelled superfluous humours. Therefore me●●e and women, having their bodies feeble, and their flesh louse, and not firm, must read oftentimes loud, and in a baase voice, extendind out the wind pipe, and other passages of the breath.  
But notwithstanding, this exercise is not used always, and of all persons. For they in whom is abundance of humours corrupted, or be much diseased with crudite in the stomach and veins, those do I counsel, to abstain from the exercise of the voice, lest moche corrupteth juice or vapours, may thereby be into all the body distributed. And here I conclude to speak of exercise, which of them, that desire, to remain long in health, is most diligently, & as I mought say, most scrupulousely to be observed.    

THE third BOOK.  

❧ Of repletion. Cap. 1.  
REPLETION IS A superfluous abundance of humours in the body: and that is in two manner of wise, that is to say in quantity, & in quality. In quantity, as where all the four humours are more in abundance, that be equal in proportion to the body, that containeth them, or where one humour moche exceedeth the remnant in quantity. In quality, as where the blood or other humour, is hotter, or colder, thicker or th'inner, that is convenient unto the body. first where all the humours, being superfluousely increased, filleth and extendeth the receptories of the body, as the stomach, the veins, and bowels, and is most properly called fullness, in greek Plethora, in latin Plenitudo.  
The other is where the body is infarced, either with choler, yellow or black, or with phlegm, or with watery humours, and is properly called in greek, Cacochymia, in latin Viciosus succus, in english it may be called corrupt juice. I will not here write, the subtle and abundant definitions and descriptions of Galen in his books de Plenitudine, and in his commentaries upon the aphorssmes of hipocrates. For it shall here suffice, to show the operations of repletion good or ill, rymytting them, which be curious, and desire a more ample declaration, to the most excellent work of Galene, where he may be satisfied, 
Li. 〈◊〉. aph.  if he be not determined to repougne against reason. Hipocrates saith, where meat 
Apho. 15. Vbi cibus praeter naturam plus igestus est hic morbum facit. Galen. in comen. lopraedicto.  is received moche above nature, that maketh sickness. Galene declaring that place saith, More meat than accordeth with nature's measure, is named repletion. And afterward he expoundeth that word above nature, to signify to much and superfluously as who saith, where the meat is superfluously taken, it maketh sickness. For meat but a little exceeding temperance, may not forthwith make sickness, but may yet keep the body within the latitude or bounds of health, for the meat that shall make sickness, must not a little exceed the exquisite measure. The incommodity, which happeneth thereby is, that moistness is to much extended. and natural heat is debilitate. Also naturalle heat resolveth somewhat of the superfluous meat and drink. And of that, which is resolved of meat undigested, proceedeth fumosytie gross and undigested, which ascending up into the heed, and touching the rhyme, wherein the brain is wrapped, causeth heed ache, trembling of the members, duskyshnes of the sight, and many other sicknesses: also by the sharpness thereof, it pricketh and annoyeth the sinews, which make sensibility, the roots of whom, are in the brain, and from thence passeth through all the body. Finally, the said fumosity, engendered of repletion, piercing the innermost part of the said sinews, called sensible, it grievously annoyeth the power animal, there consysting, by the occasion whereof, understanding and reason, as to the use of them, are let and troubled. And also the tongue, which is reason's exposytour, is deprived of his office, as it appeareth in them, which are drunk, and them, which have grievous pains in their heed, proceeding of repletion. Signs of repletion be these, loss of appetite, delight in nothing, slothfulness, dullness of the wit, and senses, more sleep, than 
Oribasius Euporiston lib. 〈◊〉.  was accustomed to be, cramps in the body, star ting or saltion of the members, fullness of the veins, and thickness of the pulsis, horror or shroveling of the body mixed with heat. The remedies are abstinence, and all evacuations, whereof I will make mention in the next chapter.   

☞ Of evacuation. Cap. 2.  
THe meats and drinks received into the body, if the stomach and liver do their natural office, be altered by concoction and digestion, in such wise that the best part thereof goth to the nourishment of the body: the warste, being separate by the members official, from the residue, are made excrements in sundry forms, and substances, which ar● like in quality to the natural humour, which than reigneth most in the body. These excrements 
Excrements.  be none other, but matter superfluous, and unsavoury, which by natural powers may not be converted into flesh, but remaining in the body corrupt the members, and therefore nature abhorring them, desireth to have them expelleth. These excrements be three in number, ordure, urine, humour superfluous. More over 
Ordure.  there be two sorts of ordure, that is to say, one digested, which passeth by siege, the other undigested, 
digested.  which is expelled by vomit. where I say digested, I mean, that it is passed the stomach, and turned into another figure. Like wise I call that undigested, which still retaineth the figure of meat. Urine is the watery 
Urine  substance of the blood, like as whey is of milk, which out of the meat that is altered and concoct or boiled in the stomach, is strained in the veins called Mesaraice, which proceedeth from the hollow part of the liver, and sent by the reins into the bladder, passeth by the Instrument, the which is ordained as well to that purpose, as for Generation.  
Humour superfluous is in three sorts, either 
Humour superfluous.  mixed with any of the four humours, called natural, or else it is gathered into the brain, or it is between the skin and the flesh, or lieth among the sinews, Muscules or joints. Of humours some are more gross and cold, some are subtle and hot, and are called vapour●. Now for to expel the said excrements, are ix sundry kinds of evacuation, that is to say, abstinence, vomit, purgation by siege, letting of blood, scarifienge called cupping, sweeting, provocation of urine, spitting, bleeding at the nose, or by hemorrodes: And in women, their natural purgations. Of these evacuations I wy●● briefly declare, with the commodities, which by the discrets use of them do happen unto the body.   

☞ Of abstinence. Cap. 3.  
ABstinence is a forbearing to receive any meat or drink. For if it be but in part, it is than called rather temperance than abstinence. It ought to be used only after repletion, as the proper remedy therefore. And than if it be moderate, it consumeth superfluities, 
Cel. lib. 〈◊〉. Hipocrat. apho. li. 7.  and in consuming them, it clarifieth the humours, maketh the body fair coloured, and not only keepeth out sickness, but also where sychenesse is entered, nothing more helpeth, if it be used in season. To them, which have very moist bodies, hunger is right expedient, for 
Considerations in abstinence.  it maketh theyin more dry, not withstanding there aught to be considerations, in the meat before eaten, in the age of the person, in the time of the year, and in custom. first in the meat before eaten, if it be moche in excess or very gross, or not moche exceeding, or light of digestion, and according thereto, would abstinence more or lass be proportioned. Concerning age, Hipocrates saith, old men may sustain 
Apho. li. 1.  fasting easily: next unto them, men of middle age, young men may wars bear it, children warst of all, specially they that be lusty, not withanding, here Galene correcteth Hipocrates, saying, that he should have excepted men 
Galen. in comment.  very old, who, as experience declareth, must eat often and little. As touching time, it must be remembered, that in winter and spring time, the stomachs be naturally veeye hot, and sleep is long, and therefore in that time meats would be more abundant, & all though much be eaten, it will be sooner digested. wherefore abstinence woide not be than so much as in summer, all be it to abstain moche in summer, except it be after repletion. Damascene saith, it drieth the body, it maketh the colour 
Damaseenus apho.  salowe, it engendereth melancholy, and hurteth the sight. More over, custom may not be forgotten, for they, which are used from childhod, to eat sundry meals in the day, would rather be reduced to fewer meals, and little meat, than to be compelled to abstayneutterly, to the intent, that nature, which is made by custom, be not rebuked, and the power digestive thereby debilitate. And note well, that by to much abstinence, the moisture of the body is withdrawn and consequently the body drieth, and waxeth lean: natural heat, by withdrawing of moisture, is to much intended, and not finding humour to work in, turneth his violence to the radical or substantial moisture of the body. and exhausting that humour, bringeth the body into a consumption. wherefore Hipocrates saith, 
Apho. li. 〈◊〉  that to scarce and exquisite an order in meat and drink, is for the more part more dangerous than that, which is more abundant. contrariwise moderation in abstinence, according to the said consyderatyons, is to health a sure bulwark.   

❧ Of Vomit. Cap. 4.  
THe meat or drink superfluous, or corrupted in the stomach, is best expelled by vomit, if it be not very grievous to him which is diseased. Also the moderate 
Aetius. li. 1  use of it, purgeth phlegm, lighteth the heed, causeth that the excess of meats or drinks, shall not annoy or bring sickness. Moreover it amendeth the affectis of the reins, bladder, and the fundament. It also helpeth against lepries, cankers, gouts, dropsies, and also divers sicknesses proceeding of the stomach. Foryf any grefs happeneth of the head, vomit is than uncommodyous. It is better in winter, than in summer. Also good for them, which are replete, or very choleric, if tkey have not well digested. but it is ill for them, that be lean, or have weak stomachs. And therefore where one feeleth bitter vapours rising out of his stomach, with grief and weyghtynesse, in the over parts of his body, let him room forthwith to this remedy. It is also good for him that is heart burned, and harh much spittle, or his stomach wambleth, and for him that removeth into sundry places. Yet I coumsaye saith Celsus, him that will be 
Cells. lib. 1.  in health, and would not be to soon aged, that he use not this daily. And I myself have 〈◊〉 men, which daily using it have brought thereby their stomachs into such custom, that what so ever they did eete, they could not long retain it, whereby they shorten their lives. wherefore it would not be used, but only where great surfeit, or abundance of phlegm do require it. He that will vomit after meat, let him drink sundry drinks mixed together, and last of all, warm water: or if that be to easy, let him mixed therewith salt or honey. If he will vomit fasting, let him drink water and honey sodden together, or ysope with it, or eat of a radish root, and drink warm water upon it. also water wherein radish is boiled, and afterward provoke himself to it, Them that will have more violent pourgations, I remit to physicians learned. But yet I do eftsoons warn them, that therein they be circumspect, and do not much use it. More over in vomits, the matter brought forth, would be considered, according to the rules of Hipocrates, in his second 
Hipocrat. praesag. 2. cap. 7.  book of prognostications, that is to say, if it be mixed with phlegm & choler, it is most profitable if it be not in very great quantity, nor thick, the lass mixture it hath, the warse is it. If it be green, like to leek blaades, thin or black, it is to be judged ill. If it have all colours, it is extreme perilous. If it be leady coloured, and savoureth horribly, it signifieth a short abolition, or dissolution of nature. For as Galene affirmeth there in his comment, such manner of vomit declareth corruption with extinctinge of nature. Also every putrefied and stinking savour in vomit is ill. These things be right 
Galen. de locis. affectis. lib. 1.  necessary, to be looked for, where one doth vomit without any difficulty: but to enforce one to vomit, which can not, is very odious, and to be abhorred.  
wells, grief in the reins of the back or huckle bone, ventosities in the belly, inflammation or exulceration in the guts or bladder. It is a convenient and sure medicine, and left hurt doth ensue of it. The making and ordering thereof, I will omit to write in this place, partly that I would not, that physicians should to much note in me presumption, partly that another place may be more apt to that purpose.   

☞ The particular commodities of every purgation. Cap. 6.  
IN potions, electuaries, and pylles ought to be moche more observation, than in clysters or suppositories, forasmuch as these do enter no further than into the gut, where the ordure lieth, and by that place only, bringeth forth the matter, which causeth disease. But the other entering in that way, that meats and drinks do, cometh into the stomach, and there is boiled, and sent into the places of digestion, and afterward is mixed with the juice, whereof the substance of the body is made, and expelling the adversary humours, somewhat thereof doubtless remaineth in the body. Wherefore men have need to beware, what medicines they receive, that in them be no venenosytie, malice or corruption, lest for the expelling of a superfluous humour, which perchance good diet, or some broths made of good herbs, or the said evacuation, with suppository or clyster, mought bring forth at leisure. by desiring of to hasty remedy, they receive in medicine that which shall engender a venomous humour, and unevitable destruction unto all the body. And therefore happy is he, which in sickness findeth a discrete and well learned physician, and so true a potycarye, that hath alway drowges uncorrupted, and whom the physician may surely trust, to dispense his things truly. But now to return to the said form of purgation, I will now set forth some counsels, concerning that matter, which I have collected out of the chief authors of physic. Bodies hot and moist, may easily sustain purgation by the stool. They which be lean or thin, having the members tender, may take harm by purgations. To men that are choleric, and them that eat little, pourgations are grievous. In young children and old men, it is dangerous to louse much the bealye. To them that are not wont to it, purgation is noyfulle. He that liveth in a good order of diet needeth neither purgation nor vomit. After that the purgation hath wrought, thyrstnes and sound sleep be signs that the body is sufficiently purged. By daily taking of medicines, nature is corrupted. when ye will purge any thing make first the matter flowing & soluble. Medicine to purge 
Hipocrat aphor.  oughe not to be mingled with meat, but to be taken four hours at the lest before meals, or three hours after meals, except certain easy pylles made to cleanse and comfort the stomach, which would be taken at the beginning of supper, or after supper a little before that one goeth to bed, making a light supper or none. After purgation taken, the patient should rest, & not walk, until the medicine hath wrought, nor eat or drink in the mean space. These things have I remembered, because I have known right good physicians, to have forgotten, to instruct thereof their patients. Now will I set forth the table of such things, which of their property do digest or purge superfluous humours particularly, which I have gathered out of the books of Dioscorides, Galene, Paulus Egineta, Oribasius, and Aetius, and other late writers, not withstanding, I have not written all, for as much as there be divers things, whereunto we have not yet founden any names in english.  

¶ Digestives of choler.  
¶ endive.  
lettuce.  
Cykorye.  
Scabiose.  
maidenhair.  
Malowes.  
Mercury.  
The juice of pome● garnades.  
Pourselane.  
Popy.  
Berberies.  
Roses.  
Violettes the leaf and flower.  
Sorrel.  
liverwort.  
Sorrel de boys.  
Whey clarified.  
The great four cold sedes, that is to say, of gourds, cucumbers, melones, and citruls.  
Psilium,  
vinegar.  
Saunders.  
Barley water.  
Prunes.  
tamarinds.   

¶ Purges of choler.  
Wild hops.  
Wormewode  
century.  
Fumytorie.  
Whey of butter.  
Violettes.  
Mercury.  
Juycs of Roses  
Prunes.  
Eupatorye.  
tamarinds, half an ounce in a decoction.  
Manna vi drams at the least, and so to xxv. in the broth of a hen or capon.  
Rebarbarun by itself from two drams, unto four, infused or stiped in liquor, from iiii. drams unto viii   

¶ Digestyves of phlegm.  
¶ Fenell,  
Persely, the roots  
Smallage.  
Capers.  
Laurel.  
Synuy.  
Puly.  
Maioram.  
pennyroyal.  
Wild parsnyp sede.  
Mint.  
Pympepnell.  
Horemynt.  
Gladen.  
Agrymonye.  
Calamynt.  
Nep.  
betake.  
Sauge.  
Radyshe.  
Mugwort.  
Junyper.  
Hyssop.  
Pyony.  
Balm.  
Honey.  
Gynger.  
Squilla.  
Aristolochia.  
Cynamome.  
Pepper.  
Cumyne.   

¶ Pourges of phlegm.  
¶ century.  
Nettyll.  
acrimony.  
Alder.  
Polypodium of the oak.  
Myrabolani kebuli, infused from half an ounce to an ounce, and two drams. In substance, from two drams to half an ounce.  
Agaricus, from a dram to two drams, infused from ii drams to five.  
Yreos.  
maidenhair.  
Sticados.   

¶ Pourges of melancholy.  
¶ The broth of coleworts, light boiled.  
Balm mint.  
Sticados.  
Time.  
Seen, boiled in white wine, or in the broth of a hen.  
Lased savoury.  
Exthimus.  
unwrought silk.  
Organum.  
Calamynt.  
Borage.  
Hartis tongue.  
Quyckbeme.  
maidenhair.  
Wythwind.  
Pulyall mountain.  
honey.  
Sugar.   
¶ Melancholy for the thinness and subtylnesse of the humour, needeth no digestive.  
¶ They which will take sharper purgations, or compound with divers things, let them take the counsel of an honest and perfit phisytion, and not adventure to mixed things together, without knowing the temperance of them in degrees, and that he can proportion them to the body, that shall receive them in simples, as they be written. And so he may use them without peril, against the humours, whereunto they serve.   

☞ letting of blood. Cap. 6.  
THe part of evacuation by letting of blood, is incision or cutting of the vain, whereby the blood, which is cause of sickness or grief to the hole body, or any particular part thereof, doth most aptly pass. The commodities whereof, being in a moderate 
Arnold 〈◊〉 de uillano● va.  quantity, and in a due time taken, be these that follow, it clarifieth the wit, and maketh good memory, it cleanseth the bladder, it drieth the brain, it warmeth the marrow, being in the bones, it openeth the hearing, it stoppeth tears or droppynges of the eyen, it taketh away loathsomeness, and confirmeth the stomach, it nourisheth that, which is proper to nature, and the contrary expelleth. It is thought, that thereby life is prolonged, and the matter making sickness shortly consumed. Wherefore letting of 
Oribasi 〈…〉 in medicine comp●dio.  blood is not only expedient for them, which are full of blood, or have abundance of strength, but also for them, in whom, without plenitude, called fullness, inflammations begin to be in their bodies, or by some outward struck, the blood being gathered within, by collection thereof, do feel grief or disease. Also where there is moche pain felt, or debylitie of some member, whereof is supposed to be engendered some grievous disease. More over they, which use excess of meats and drinks, may be cured by letting of blood. But those, which be temperate, keeping good diet, be helped without letting of blood: as by fricasies, using of baths, exercise, walking, and riding moderately. also unctions with oils and ointments, called Diaphoretice, which by evaporation, do shortly evacuate the fullness. All be it, if the fullness be of melancholy blood, than always needs must be letting of blood. Abundance of melancholy blood is known by these signs. There is felt in the entrails, or within the boulke of a man or woman, a weyghtynes with tension or thrusting outward and all that part, which is above the navel, is more heavy, than it was wont to be. Also moche urine and fatty, the residence or bo●ome, thick, troublous, and fat, sometime black poushes or boils, with inflammation and moche pain. These must be shortly let blood, and the melancholy humour also purged by siege They, which have crude or raw humours, must be warily let blood, before that sickness engender, but having the fever, in no wise. Concerning letting of blond, these things 
Aetius. li. 3  following, would be had in continual remembrance, and be afore thought on. In abundance of the blood, the quality and quantity, the greatness of the sickness, and if it be present, or looked for. also the diet preceding, the age and strength of the person, the natural form of his body, the time of the year, the region or country, the present state of the air, the disuse of accustomed exercise, the ceasing of evacuations used before. In quality consider, of what humour the fullness proceedeth. In quantity the abundance of that, which is to be purged. In sickness, if it be dangerous or tolerable: if the sickness be present, it requireth the more diligence: if it be looked for, it may be the better proportioned. 
Cor. Celsus. lib. 2.  In diet, the custom in earring and drinking, must be specially noted. In young men and women, letting of blood would be more liberal. In old men and young children, it would be scarser: strong men may sustain bleeding, they which are feeble, may not endure it: Large bodies have greater vessels, than they, which be little. lean men have more blood, corporat men have more flesh. The time of the year must be specially marked. For in the beginning of 
Oriba. s●Arnold. devilla nova de flobothomia. Io. Damascenus in art medi.  springe time, it is best letting of blood, as Oribasius saith, and so doth continue, after the opinion of arnold, unto the eight kalends of June. Aetius affirmeth, that in winter, or in a cold country, or where the person is of a very cold nature, the veins should not be opened. And Damascene saith, They which in youth have use to be moche let blood, after they be three score years old, their nature waxeth cold, and natural heat is in them suffocate, specially if they were of a cold complexion. but that is to be understand, where they that are in health, are often let blood. For in the lapse from health, and in divers diseases, wherein, the blood is corrupted, or where it engendereth impostumes, or resorteth to any place, where it ought not to be, or passeth by any other conduit, than nature hath ordained, or where it is furious or inflamed, or by any other means bredethe grievous diseases, in all these cases it ought to be practised, ye sometime in aged persons, women with child, and young infants. For in extreme necessity, it were better experience some remedy, than to do nothing. All other things concerning this matter, pertain to the part curatyve, which treateth of healing of sickness, whereof I will not now speak, but remit the readers to the counsel of discrete physicians.   

❧ Of scarifienge called boxinge or cupping. Cap. 7.  
FOr as much as it is not convenient, to be let blood often times in the year, because much of the vital spirit passeth forth with 
●alenus  the blood, which being exhauste, the body waxeth cold, and natural operations become 
〈◊〉. li. 3  the more feeble, I therefore do counsel (saith Galene) that the base parts of the body, as the legs, be scarified, which is the most sure remedy, as well in concerning heithe as in repairing thereof, being decayed. For it cureth the eyen being annoyed with long distillations. It profiteth also to the heed, and over part of the body, against sundry diseases. In what member the blood is gathered, the body being first purged by scarification, the grief may be cured. Also Oribasius affirmeth the same, and also addeth 
Oribasius sin medici 〈…〉 compen.  thereto, that it helpeth squynances, or quinces in the throat, and dissolveth the constipations or stoppings made of all places, if the places be scarified: not withstanding application of boxes about the stomach, in hot fevers, where reason is troubled, are to be eschewed, for fear of suffocation. Likewise put to the heed undiscreetly, 
Aetius.  it hurteth both the heed & the eyes. The late authors do affirm, that scarifieng is in the stead of letting blood, where for age, debility, or time of the year, or other like consideration, a man may not sustain blood letting, and it bringeth forth the thin blood, which is next to the skin.   

☞ Of blood suckers or leeches. Cap. 8.  
THere is also an other form of evacuation by worms, found in waters called blood suckers or leeches, which being put unto the body or member, do draw out blood. And their drawing is more convenient for fullness of blood than scarifyenge is, forasmuch as they fetch blood more deeper, and is more of the substance of blood, yet the opinion of some men is, that they do draw no blood but that, which is corrupted, and not proporcionable unto our body. And therefore in griefs, which happen between the skin and the flesh of blood corrupted, these are more convenient than scarifienge. But before that they be put unto any 
Oribasius in medicinae compen.  part of the body, they must be first kept all one day before, giving unto them a little blood in fresh flesh. And than put them in clean water, somewhat warm, and with a sponge wipe away the slime, which is about them, and than lay a little blood on the place grieved, and put them then to it, and lay on them a sponge, than when they be full, they may fall away. or if poe will sooner have them of, put a horse hear between their mouths, and the place, and draw them away, or put to their mouths salt or ashes, or vinegar, and  
heat them, and disturbeth reason, where the bodies be hot afore, where natural heat is feeble, the heat may not be dispersed unto the extreme parts, and than doth the extreme members, that is to say, which are far from the heart, remain cold and trembling. Of this affection cometh sometime fevers, sometime apoplexies, or privation of sencis, trembling, palsies, madness, fransies, deformity of visage: and that warse is, outrageous swearing, blasphemy, desire of vengeance, loss of charity, ainitie, credence, also forgetfulness of benefit preceding, and of obedience, duytie, and reverence. There also do succeed contention, chargeable suit, unquietness of mind, lack of appetite, lack of sleep, feeble digestion, scorn, disdain, and hatred of other, with peril of losing of all good reputation. These incommodities of Ire, perfitly had in remembrance, and at the first motion thereof one of them thoughts on, may happen to bring in his fellows, and thereby the flame may be quenched. or let him that is angry, even at the first consider one of these things, that like as he is a man, so is also the other, with whom he is angry, and therefore it is as lawful for the other to be angry, as unto him, and if he so be, than shall that anger be to him displeasant, and steer him more to be angry whereby it appeareth, that Ire is to him loathsome. If the other be pactent, than let him abhor that thing in himself, the lack whereof, in the other contenteth him, and assuageth his malice. More over, let him before, that occasion of Ire doth happen, accustom himself to behold, and mark well them that be angry, with the success of that anger, and ruminate is in his mind, a good space after. And in that time, let him remember, how Christ, the some of god and God, who (as he himself said) mought have had of god his father, if he would have asked them, legions of angels, to have defended him, ye with lass than a wink moughs have slain all his adversaries, yet he not withstanding, rebuked, scorned, falsely accused, plucked hither and thither, striped, bounden with halters, whipped, spit on, buffets, crowned with sharp thorn, jaded with a heavy piece of timber, his own proper torment, haled, and uryven forth like a calf to the slaughter house, eftsoons beaten and overthrown, wretched, forthwith ropes, arms and legs laid on the Cross, and there unto with long iron nails through the hands and feet nailed, with many strookes of hammers, with many prickings, or ever the nails mought pierce by his tender and most blessed flesh and sinews, quite through the hard timber, up to the heeds of the nails, and all this being done for the offence of mankind, and not his: yet with the men, which did it, his most unkind countrymen, his most unnatural kynnesmennes whom he first made of nothing, preserved by miracles, delivered from perils, and cured of dyscases, in all his vexation and trouble, he was never seen or perceived angry. If one will say, that anger is natural, let hyn: also consider that in Christ'S manhood, were all natural pomers. If he will say, that Ire is token of courage, and in christ it lacked not, whom both angels and devils trembled and feared. The premisses often revolved, and borne in the mind, I will not say, shall utterly extinct all motions of wrath, which is not possible, but it shall, when it kindleth lightly, repress it, and let that it shall not grow into flame. And in speaking here of wrath, I do not mean that, which good men have against vices: or wise and discrete governors and masters, against the defaults or negligences of their subjects of servants, used in rebuking them, or moderately punishing them. For that is not properly ire, but rather to be called displeasure, and is that whereof god speaketh, by his prophet david saying. Be you angry & do not sin. And that 
Psal. 4. Genes. 35. Exod. 32. Leuit. 10 Marc. 11.  manner of anger, hath been in divers holy men, prophets, and other. And it appeared in christ when he drove out them, which made their market in the holy temple of god, where there ought to be nothing but prayer. And in like wise when he rebuked the hypocrites But if none of these things may come so shortly to his remembrance, that is moved with anger, at the lest let him think on the lesson, that Apollodorus the philosopher taught to the Emperor Octavian, that before he speak or do any thing in anger he do recite in order, all the letters of the A, B, C, & remove somewhat out of the place, that he is in, and seek occasion to be otherwise occupied. This shall for this time suffice, for the remedies of Ire. And he that will know more of this matter, let him read in my work, called the Governor, where I thereof do write more abundantly.   

❧ Of dolour or heaviness of mind. Capitulo. 12.  
THere is no thing more enemy to life, than sorrow, called also heaviness, for it exhausteth both natural heat and moisture of the body, and doth extenuate or make the body lean, dulleth the wit, and darkeneth the spirits, letteth the use and judgement of reason, and oppressed memory. And Solomon saith, 
Pro. 17. 25. Ecclesiast 〈…〉 25. 33.  that sorrow drieth up the bones. And also like as the moth in the garment, and the wourme in the tree, so doth heaviness annoy the heart of a man. Also in the book called Ecclesiasticus, Sorrow hath killed many, and in itself is found no commodity. Also by heaviness death is hastened, it hideth virtue or strength, and heaviness of heart boweth down the neck.  
This is so puissant an enemy to nature and bodily health, that to resist the malice and violence thereof, are required remedies, as well of the wholesome counsels found in holy scripture & in the books of moral doctrine. As also of certain herbs, fruits, and spices, having the property to expel melancalyke humours, and to comfort and keep lively the spirits, which have their proper habitation in the heart of man, and moderate nourishing of the natural heat and humour, called radical, which is the base or foundation, whereupon the life of man standeth, and that failing, life falleth in ruin, and the body is dissolved. Now first I will declare some remedies against sorrowfulness of heart, concerning necessary counsel.  
Sometime this affect happeneth of Ingratitude, either wherefore benefit, or specialle love employed, one receiveth damage, or is abandoned in his necessity, or is deceived of him, whom he trusted, or findeth him, of whom he hath great expectation, forgetful or negligent in his commodity, or perceiveth the person, whom of long time he hath loved, to be estranged from him, or to have one of later acquaintance in more estimation. This affection nippeth the heart, ye of most wise men, for they love most heartily, not provoked by carnal affection, but rather by good opinion, engendered by similitude of honest studies, and virtuous manners of long time mutually experienced. And it is not only unto man grievous, but also unto god most displeasant and odious, as it is abundantly declared in scripture. wherefore the person, which feeleth himself touched with this affect, before that it grow into a passion, and waxeth a sickness, let him call to remembrance these articles following, or at the lest ways some of them, For everich of them may ease him, though perchance they can not forthwith perfitly cure him.  
¶ Consider, that the corruption of man's nature is not so much declared in any thing, as 
Counsels against ingratitude.  in ingratituding, whereby a man is made warse, than divers brute beasts. The little aunt or emote helpeth up his fellow, whom he seeth overthrown with burden, or by other occasion. Also when elephants do pass over any great 
Appianus in varia hi storia.  water, the greatest and most puissant of them divide themselves, and setting the weakest in the middle, part go before, trying the deepness and perils, part come after, succouring the weakest or least, with their long noses, when they see them in danger. The same beasts have been seen not only bring men out of deserts, which have lost their ways, but also revenge the displeasures done to them, the which gave them meat, as one that slew him, which had committed adultery with his masters wife. The terrible Lions and Panthers, have been seen in their manner, to render thanks to their benefactors, ye and to object their own bodies and lives for their defence. The same we may daily behold in our own dogs.  
Than in whom thou findest the detestable vice of ingratituding, reputing him among the warste sort of creatures, think not that thou haste lost a friend, but think that thou art● delivered from a monster of nature, that devoured thy love, and that thou art now at liberty, and haste won experience to cheese the a better. But if this may not suffice, than 
Seneca de benefi. 7.  eftsoons consider, that if thou look well on thyself, perchance thou mayst find the fault whereof thou complainest, within thine own bosomme. call to thy remembrance, if thou haste alway rendered unto every man condign thanks or benefit, of whom thou hast kindness received, or if thou hast always remembered every one of them, that have done to the any commodity or pleasure. Thou shalt well perceive, that what thing thou rceivedst in childhood, thou forgattest, or didst little esteem, when thou camest to the state of a man, And what thou didst remember in youth, in age, thou dydded little think on: thy nurses pap, her rockynges, her watchings, thou hast not all way remembered, or equally recompensed. Thy school masters study, his labour, his diligence in a like degree, thou haste not requited. what greater friends haste thou had, of whom thou couldst receive any greater benefits, than thy nourishing and preserving of thy life, in thy most feebleness, or thine erudition, whereby thy nature was made more excellent. Remembering this leave to be angry or sorrowful, for so common a vice: yet if it cease not to grieve thee, comferre the ingratitude that doth veer thee, with that ingratitude, which was showed by the israelites whom god chase for his own people, delivered from servage, showed for them wonders, preserved them forty years in desert, destroyed for them kings, gave to them the country, which flowed milk and honey, defended them against all outward hostylitie, sent unto them such abundance of riches, that silver was in Jerusalem, as stones in the street, had his tabernacle, and afterward his most holy temple among them, which he did daily visit with his divine majesty, made their kings to reign gloriously, and spoke with their prephetes familiarly, and corrected their errors most gently: and yet for all this, they, embracing the paynims idolatry, they left so gracious and loving a lord, and living god, and to his great despite, gave divine honours, to calves of brass, and other monstrous images, and at the last put to most cruel death, the only son of god, that had done so moche for them.  
And if we christian men, do look well on ourselves, revolving the incomparable benefit, which we have received by Christ's passion, and consider the circumstance of his most excellent patience, and most fervent love toward us, with our forgetfulness, and they daily breach of our promise, which we made at our baptism, conferring our mutual unkindness thereunto, there shall appear no ingratitude, that should offend us. Finally for a conclusion, behold well about thee, and thou shalt all day find the children ingrate to their parents, and wives to their husbands. And wilt thou look that thy benefit, or vain expectation, should make the more free from ingratitude of thy friend, whom chance hath sent thee, than nature may the parents toward their children, or the conjunction of bodies by leeful marriage, take unkindness from the wives toward their husbands. This vice therefore of Ingratitude, being so common a chance, make no worldly petition so precious, that life or health therefore should be spent or consumed. I have been the longer in this place, because I have had in this grief sufficient experience.  
¶ If death of children be cause of thy heaviness, 
Death of children.  call to thy remembrance some children (of whom there is no little number) whose lives either for uncorrigyble vices, or infortunate chances, have been more grievous unto their parents, than the death of thy children aught to be unto the 〈◊〉 considering that death is the discharger of all griefs, and miseries, and to them that die well, the first entry into life everlasting.  
¶ The loss of goods or authority do green none but fools, which do not mark diligently, 
Loss of goods.  that like as neither the one nor the other doth alway happen to them that are worthy, so we have in daily experience, that they fall from him suddenly, who in increasing or keeping them seemeth most busy.  
¶ Oftentimes the repulse from promotion is 
Lack of promotion.  cause of discomfort, but than consider, whither in the opinion of good men, thou art deemed worthy to have such advancement, or in thine own expectation & fantasy. If good men so inge the, thank thou god of that felicity, and laugh at the blindness of them, that so have refused the. If it proceed of thine own folly, abhor all arrogance, and enforce thyself to be ad vanced in men's estimation, before thou canst find thyself worthy in thy proper opinion.  
¶ All other chances of fortune esteem as no 
Chances of fortune.  thing, and that long before they do happen. The oft recording of misery, prepareth the mind to feel less adversity. And the contempt of fortune is sure quietness and most perfit felicity.  
¶ This now shall suffice concerning remedies of moral philosophy. Now will I write somewhat touching the counsel of physic, as in relieving the body, which either by the said occasions, or by the humour of melancholy is brought out of temper.  
¶ The first counsel is, that during the time of that passion, eschew to be angry, studious, or solitary, and rejoice the with mei●dye, or else be alway in such company, as best may content the.  
Avoid all things that be noyous in sight, smelling and hearing, and embrace all thing that is delectable.  
Flee darkness, moche watch, and business of mind, moche companieng with women, the use of things very hot and dry: often purgations, immoderate exercise, thirst, moche abstinence, dry winds and cold.  
abstain from daily eating of much old blefe or old mutton, hard cheese, hare flesh, boar's flesh, venison, saltefyshe, coolewortes, beans, and peason, very course bread, great fishes of the see, as thurlepole, porpyse, and sturgeon, and other of like natures, wine red and thick, meats being very salt or sour, old, burned, or fried, garlic, onions, and lekes.  
Use meats which are temperately hot, and therewith somewhat moist, boiled rather than roasted, light of digestion, and engendering blood clear and fine. As milk hot from the udder, or at the lest new milked, ruen cheese, sweet almonds, the yolks of rear eggs, little birds of the bushes, chickens, and hens. wine white or clarette, clear and feagraunte. Sweet savours in winter hot, in summer cold, in the mean time temperate.  

¶ Confortatives of the heart hot.  
¶ Bourage the flower or leaf.  
bugloss.  
Baulmynte.  
Elycampane.  
Cloves.  
Cardamomu 〈…〉.  
Rosemary.  
Lignum aloes.  
Musk.  
Ambergryse.  
Saffron.  
The bone of the heart of a red diere.  
Mints.  
The rind of Citron.  
Been.  
Cububes.  
basil.   

¶ Cenfortatyves of the heart cold.  
Violettes.  
Pearls.  
Coral.  
The unicorns horn.  
Old appulles which be good.  
Roses.  
Saunders.  
The elephants tooth.  
Water lilies.  
Coriander prepared.   

¶ Comfortatyves temperate.  
Jacinet.  
sapphire.  
emeralds.  
Myrabolanes, called kebuly.  
bugloss.  
Gold, silver.   

❧ Of joy.  
I 〈…〉 or gladness of heart doth prolong the life, it fatteth the body that is lean with troubles, biting the humours to an equal temperance, and drawing natural heat outward. But if it be sudden & fervent, it oftentimes sleeth, for as much as it draweth to suddenly and excessively natural heat outward. And therefore divers men and women have been seen to fall in a sound, when they have suddenly beholden the persons, whom they fervently loved. A a woman in Rome, hearing first, that her son was slain in battle. After when he 
Ti. Livius.  came to her, she saying him alive, embracing each other, she died in his arms. This well considered, against such inordinate gladness, the best prescruative is to remember, that the extreme parts of mundane joy is sorrow and heaviness: And that nothing of this world, may so much rejoice us: but occasion may cause it to be displeasant unto us.    

❧ The dominion of sundry complexions. Cap. 13.  
IT seemeth to me not inconvenient, that I do declare as well the counsels of ancient & approved authors, as also mine own opinion gathered by diligent marking in daily experience, concerning as well the necessary diet of every complexion, age and declination of health, as also the mean to resist discrasies of the body, before sickness be therein confirmed, leaving the residue unto the substantial learning and circumspect practise of good physicians, which shall the more easily cure their pacientes, if their pacientes do not disdain to bear away and follow my counsel. And first it ought to be considered, that none of the four complexions, have sooly such dominion in one man or woman's body, that no part of any other complexion is therewith mixed. For when we call a man sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, or melancholy, we do not mean, that he hath blood only without any of the other humours, or choler without blood, or phlegm without blood or melancholy, or melancholy without blood or collar. And therefore the man, which is sanguine, the more that he draweth into age, whereby natural moisture decayed, the more is he choleric, by reason, that heat, surmounting moisture, needs must remain heat and dryth. semblably, the colerycke man, the more that he waxeth into age, the more natural heat in him is abated, and dryth surmounting natural moisture, he becometh melancolic: but some sanguine man hath in the proportion of temperatures, a greater mixture with choler, than an other hath. Likewise the choleric or phlegmatic man with the humour of sanguine or melancholy. And therefore late practysers of physic are wont to call men, according to the mixture of their complexions, as sanguyne choleric, phlegmatic sanguine. etc. Moreover, beside the natural complexions, which man receiveth in his generation, the humours, whereof the same complexions do consist, being augmented superfluously in the body or members by any of the said things called not natural, every of them do semblably augment the complexion, which is proper unto him, and bringeth unequal temperature unto the body. And for these causes, the sanguine or phlegmatic man or woman, feeling and discrasye by choler happened to them by the said things, called not natural, they shall use the diet described hereafter to him, which is naturally choleric. semblably the choleric or melancolic man or woman, having any dyscreasye by phlegm, to use the diet of him, which is naturally phlegmatic, alway remembering, that sanguine and phlegmatic men have more respect unto dryth, choleric and melancalyke unto moisture, and that always as the accedentall complexion decayeth, to resort by little and little to the diet, pertaining to his natural complexion.   

☞ The times appropried to every natural humour. Cap. 14.  
But first it must be considered, that where the four humours, be always in man, and in some man commonly one humour is more abundant than an other naturally, that is to say, from his generation. The said humours have also peculiar times assigned to every one of them, wherein each of them is in his most power and force, as after ensueth, after the description of Soranus. 
Soranus Ephesius   
¶ phlegm hath most puissance in winter, from the viii Idus of November, unto the viii Jdus of February, whereby are engendered Catarrhs or rheums, the vulva, the cough, and the stitch. This humour is part in the heed, part in the stomach. It hath dominion from the third hour of night vutyll the nineth hour of the same night.  
¶ blood increaseth in spring time from the viii. Idus of Februarye, unto the viii Idus of may, whereof are engendered fevers, and sweet humours, which do shortly putrefy, the power of this humour is about the heart, and hath dominion from the ix hour of night until the iii hour of the morning.  
¶ Red choler hath power in summer from the viii Idus of May, until the viii Idus of august/ whereby are engendered hot and sharp fevers/ this humour is specially in the liver/ and hath dominion from the third hour of day until the ix hour of the same day.  
Yellow choler, whereof is engendereth the phlegm of the stomach/ is nourished in Autumn, which beginneth the viii Idus of august/ and dureth unto the viii Idus of November/ and maketh shaking fevers and sharp, the black choler than increaseth/ and than followeth thickness of the blood in the veins. Black choler or melancholy moste raineth in the spleen/ and it raineth from the ix hour of day until the third hour of night.  

☞ peculiar remedies against the distem perance of every humour.  
IF the distemperance be of blood/ help it with 
Soranus 〈…〉 art medendi.  things cold, sharp, and dry: for blood is moist, hot & sweet. If it be of red choler give things cold/ moist/ and sweet/ for red collar is bitter and fiery. If it be of black collar/ give things hot moist & sweet/ for black collar is sharp & cold. If the disease be of salt phlegm give things sweet hot and dry, thus saith Soranus. notwithstanding where there is abundance of cold phlegm not mixed with collar/ there things very sharp and hot be most convenient/ as tart vinegar with hot roots and sedes or wines strong and rough/ honey being sodden in the one and the other/ or where choler is mixed with phlegm/ syrup acetouse made with vinegar and sugar boiled/ sometime with herbs/ roots or sedes/ which may dissoule phlegm & digest it.    

☞ Diet of them, which are of sanguine complexion. Cap. 15.  
FOr asmuch as in sanguine men blood most reigneth/ which is soon corrupted, it shall be necessary for them which are of that complexion/ to be circumspect in eating meat/ that shortly will receive putrefaction/ as the more part of fruits/ specially not being perfitly ripe. also meats that be of ill juice/ as flesh of beasts to old/ or to young/ udders of beasts/ brains except of capons and chickens marrow of the backbone/ moche use of onions leeks/ garlic/ moche use of old figs/ moche use of raw herbs/ and all thing wherein is excess of heat/ cold/ or moisture/ meats that be stolen/ fishes of the fens or muddy waters/ and to moche sleep/ as experience showeth.   

¶ diet of choleric persons. Ca 16.  
TO them which be choleric/ being in these natural temperature/ and having not from their youth used the contrary/ gross meats moderately taken/ be more convenient/ than the meats that be fine, and better shall they digest a piece of good beef/ than a chyckens leg. Choler of his property rather burning than well digesting meats of light substance/ not withstanding some gentlemen which be nicely brought up in their infancy/ may not so well sustain that diet as poor men being the more part used to gross meats. wherefore their diet must be in a temperance/ as young beef/ old veal/ mutton/ and venison powdered, young geese, and such like, conserving their complexion with meats like there unto in quality and degree, according to the counsel of Hipocrates. And as he perceiveth choler to abound, so to interlace meats, which be cold in a moderate quantity, and to allay their wine more or lass with water, eschewing hot spices, hot wines, and excessive labour, whereby the body may be moche chafed. Also he may eat oftener in the day, than any other: foresene, that there be such distance between his meals as the meat before eaten be fully digested, which in some person is more, in some lass, according to the heat and strength of his stomach, noting alway, that the choleric person digesteth more meat than his appetite desireth, the melancolic person desireth by false appetite more than his stomach may digest. And to a choleric person, it is right dangerous, to use long abstinence: for choler, finding nothing in the stomach to concoct, it fareth than, as where a little pottage or milk, being in a vessel over a great fire, it is burned to the vessel, and unsavoury fumes and vapours do issue out thereof. Likewise in a choleric stomach, by abstinence, these inconveniences do happen, humours adust, consuming of natural moisture, fumosities and stinking vapours, ascending up to the heed, whereof is engendered, dusking of the eyes, heed aches, hot and thin rheums, after every little surfeit, and many other inconveniences. wherefore beside the opinion of best learned men, mine own painful experience, also moveth me, to exhort them, which be of this complexion, to eschew moche abstinence. And although they be studious, and use little exercise, yet in the morning to eat somewhat in little quantity, and not to study immediately, but first to sit a while, and after to stand or walk softly, which using these two years, I and also other, that have long known me, have perceived in my body a great alteration, that is to say, from ill estate to better. Always remember, that if any other humour do abound in the choleric person, as phlegm, or melancholy, than until that humour be expelled, the diet must be corrective of that humour, and therefore more hot and fine, than the natural diet before rehearsed: but yet there would be alway respect had to the natural complexion, some time suffering the person to eat or drink that, which nature working, he fervently desireth.   

❧ Diet of phlegmatic persons Capitulo. 17.  
IT is to be remembered, that pure phlegm is properly cold and moist, and lacketh taste. Salt phlegm is mixed with choler, and therefore hath not in him so much cold nor humidity, as pure phlegm hath: and therefore it requireth a temperance in things hot & dry, whereby phlegm is digested or expulsed To phlegmatic persons all meats are noyful, which are very cold, vyscous or slimy, fat or soon putrefied, eating moche and often, specially meats engendering phlegm, which be remembered in the table preceding. All things be ggod, which are hot and dry, also meats and drinks which be sour: onions also, and garlic, moderately used, be very commendable, in pure phlegm not mixed with choler, moche using of salt, specially dried. Pepper gross beaten, and eaten with meat, ought to be with all fleumatycke persons familiar, also gynger is right convenient, but not to be so frequently used as pepper, for as much as the nature of pepper is, that being eaten, it passeth through the body, heating and comforting the stomach, not entering into the veins, or anoyeng the liver, which virtue is not in gynger. ginger condite, the which we do call green gynger, specially candied with sugar, if it may be gotten, and also Mirabolanes, called kebuli conduit in India, be most excellent remedies against phlegm, also the herbs which are remembered afore in the table of digestyves of phlegm, and the roots of persely, fenel, yreos, Elycampane, and carets be very commendable. Exercise twice in a day, the stomach being almost empty, so that sweat begin to appear, is very expedient, cleansing of the body from all filthiness, with rubbing and wiping, oftentimes with washing, specially the heed and partis there about moderate sweeting in hot baths or stufes be to this complexion necessary specially when they have eaten and drunken excessively. The heed and feet to be kept from cold and to dwell high and far from moors and marshes, is a rule right necessary, also to abstain from eating herbs and roots not boiled, and generally from all meats, which will not be easily digested.   

¶ The division of melancholy, and the diet of persons melancolyke. Cap. 18.  
Melancholy is of two sorts, the one is called natural, which is only cold and dry, the other is called adust or bourned. Natural melancholy is (as Galene saith) the residence or dregs of the blood: & therefore is colder and thicker than the blood. melancholy adust is in four kinds, either it is of natural melancholy adust, or of the more pure part of the blood adust, or of choler adust, or of salt phlegm adust. But of all other that melancholy is warst, which is engendered of choler: finally all adust melancholy annoyeth the wit and judgement of man. for when that humour is heat, it maketh men mad, and when it is extinct, it maketh men fools, forgetfulle, and dull. The natural melancholy kept in his 
Ex Marcilio ficino, de vita sana.  temperance, profiteth moche to true judgement of the wit, but yet if it be to thick, it darkeneth the spirits, maketh one timorous, and the wit dull. If it be mixed with phlegm, it mortifieth the blood with to much cold, wherefore it may not be so little, that the blood and spirits in their ferventness, but as it were unbridled, whereof do happen unstableness of wit and slipper remembrance: nor yet so moche, that by the weight thereof (for it is heavy, approaching nigh to the earth) that we seem to be alway in sleep, and need a spur to prick us forward. Wherefore it is right expedient, to keep that humour as thin as nature will suffer it, and not to have to much of it.  
But now to the diet pertaining to them, whom this humour annoyeth. The knowledge that melancholy reigneth, is oftentimes heaviness of mind, or fear without cause, slepinesse in the members, many cramps without repletion or emptiness, sudden fury, sudden incontynencye of the tongue, moche solicitude of light things, with palynesse of the visage, and fearful dreams of terrible visions, dreaming of darkness, deep pits, or death of friends or acquaintance, & of all thing that is black. The meats convenient are they, which be temperately in heat, but specially they that be moist meats soon digested, and they rather boiled than roasted, temperately mixed with spices, milk hot from the udder, or late milked, is very convenient for that complexion, sweet almonds blanched, and almond milk, the yolks of rear eggs, and finally all things, which engender pure blood, and all that is written in the chapter of age. All these be ill for them, wine thick or troublous, specially red wine, meats hard, dry, very salt, or sour, bourned meat, fried meat, moche beef, hare's flesh, beans, rocket, coleworts, mustard, radish, garlic, except there be moche wind in the body, for than is it very wholesome, onions leeks, finally all things which heateth to moche, keleth to much, or drieth to moche, also wrath, fear, compassion, sorrow, moche study or care, much idleness or rest: all thing that is grievous to see, to smell or to hear, but most specially darkness. Moreover much drying of the body, either with long watch, or with moche care and tossing of the mind, or with much lechery, or much eating and drinking of things that be hot and dry, or immoderate evacation, labour, abstinence, thirst, going in the air untemperately hot, cold or dry, all these things do annoy them that be grieved with any melancholy. It is to be diligently considered, that where melancholy happeneth of choler adduste, there meats which be hot in warking, would be wisely tempered, and drinking of hot wines would be eschewed: semblable cautel would be in savours. Not withstanding moderate use of small wines, clear and well verdured, is herein very commendable, the humour thereby being clarified, and the spirits cleansed, but the abuse or excess thereof doth as much damage. Also it is right expedient, to put into wine or ale, a gad of silver or gold, glowing hot out of the fire, to temper hot meats with roses, vyolettes, sanders, rose water, bourage, bugloss, balm called in latin Melyssa, or the water of all three drunken with good wine, white or clarette, or made in a Julep with sugar, is wonderful wholesome, chewing of lykoryse, or raisins of coraunce is right expedient, but most of all other things, mirth, good compavye, gladness, moderate exercise, with moderate feeding. And thus I leave to speak of dyetes, aptly belonging to the four complexions.    

Galene and all other, do agree in this case, Pepper bruised and eaten with meat, is very expedient: And where there is much wind in the stomach, than to eat all times of the day of the medicine made of the three kinds of pepper, time, anise sede, and honey clarified, which is called Diatrion piperion, or that which is called Diaspoliticon, or Diapiganon, which is made 
Galen. de ●enda sa. ●b. 5.  of cumin stieped one day and a night, or longer in tart vinegar, and after fried or laid on a bourning hot stone, and made in powder. Also pepper and rue dried somewhat, and made into powder, all in equal portions, and mixed with clarified honey. Galene addeth thereto salt peter, called in latin Nitrum. The confection made with the juice of quinces, and is called Diacyconiten, is very excellent. but it is to be diligently noted, that where crudytie is in a choleric person, there would the said medicines be temperately used, and the said Diacytoniten, to have little or no spices in it. And for my part, being the space of four years continually in this crudytie, I never found any thing to be compared to fine R●ubarbe, chewed with raisins of corens, which I took by the counsel of the worshipful & well learned physician, master doctor Augustyne, who in his manners declareth the auneyent gentleness of his blood: which medicine I do not leave to use daily fasting, when I feel such crudytie to begin. Also syrup acetose, that is to say, sugar sodden in pure vinegar, and little water, until it be thick as a syrup, is sometime convenient, and that as well to choleric persons, as unto phlegmatic, and if phlegm be abundant, than with roots & seeds of fennel and persely sodden with it. Also in that case Oxymel, that is to say, honey & water sodden together, with the said roots and sedes, and a quantity of vinegar put thereto in the boiling is very commendable: if the patient be very costive, than the medicine of Galene, called Hierapicra, from half an ounce to an ounce, taken in water of honey or ale, or taken in pylles the weight of a groat and a half, or two groats, if the stuff be good, will purge the body sufficiently, without making the body weaker. Also that medicine by cleansing the stomach & body, delivereth a man and woman, from many perilous sicknesses. If the humours in the stomach be not putrified, but that it is grieved with abundance of salt phlegm, I have found that milk new milked, wherein is put a quantity of good honey or sugar, and three leaves of good spear mints, and a little boiled, so being drunk warm fasting, the quantity of a pint, and resting on it, without eating or drinking any other thing the space of three hours after, have abundantly purged and comforted the stomach: but where there is no phlegm but only choler, it is not so wholesome, but rather hurteth, making fumosyties in the heed, whereof cometh heed ache.  

☞ Of lassitude. Cap. 2.  
LAssitude is a disposition toward sickness, wherein a man feeleth a soorenesse, a swelling, or an inflammation. Soreness happeneth of humours sharp and gnawing, as after great exercise and labours which lassitude happeneth to them, whose bodies are full of ill juice, & excrements. Also after crudity in them which are not exercised, or do abide long in the 
A 〈…〉  heat of the son. It may also be in the body, wherein is good wyce, if he be fatigate with immoderate exercise. In them, which do feel this lassitude, the skin appeareth thick and rough, & there is felt a grief sometime in the skin only, 
.  〈…〉 time also in the flesh, as it were of a sore. The cure thereof, is by much and pleasant rubbing, with sweet oils, which have not the virtue to restrain or close, and that with many hands, and afterward to exercise moderately, and to be bayned in water sweet and temperate in heat. also than must be given meats of good juice, pottage but seld, wine is not to be forbidden: for unto wine, uneath any thing may be compared, that so ●ell digesteth crude humours: It also provoketh sweat & urine, and maketh one to sleep sundly. But if this lassitude do abide the night and day following, or waxeth more & more, than if the patient be of good strength and young, and hath abundance of blood, let him be let blood, or provoke the hemoroides or piles to bleed, if they do appear. But if it proceed of the malice of any humour, without abundance of blood, than resort to purgations apt for the humour that grieveth. The tokens whereof, shall appear as well by the colour of the skin and diet preceding, as by urine, ordure, sweat, thirst, and appetite, as it is rehearsed before in the complexions. If the ill blood be little in quantity, and the crude humours abundant, than shall he not be let blood, nor vehemently purged, neither, shall exercise or move himself nor be bayned, for all exercise carrieth humours throughout all the body, & stoppeth the powers. Wherefore these manner of persons should be kept in rest, and such meats drinks and medicyns should be given to them, which should attenuate or dissolve the grossness of the humours, without notable heat, as oximell, barley water, and mulse, if the patient abhor not honey. And for as, much as in the said persons, commonly there is abundance of wind about their stomachs, therefore pepper specially long pepper or white is very convenient to be used, and the medicine before written, called Diaspoliticum, when the humours are dissolved, than it is good to drink white wine, or small clarette wine moderately.   

Lassitude extensive. Ca 3.  
Wan one thinketh, that he doth feel a swelling or bolling of the body, where in deed there doth not appear in sight or touching any swelling, that is called Lassitude extensive, if it happeneth without exercise or vehement moving. This doth happen of excessive multitude of humours, which do extend the muscles or fyllettes. In this no soreness is felt but only an heaviness with extension or thrusting out of the body. And because that there is abundance of blood in the body, best remedy is to be let blood about the elbow or ankle, after to be purged, than to use soft frycasyes with oils afore rehearsed, afterward moche rest and temperate baths, and meats lacking sharpness, and being abstersive.   

¶ Lassytude with the feeling of infamation. Cap. 4.  
IF without any moving, the muscles and flesh rise up in the body, as it swelled with great pains & exceeding heat, than soon after followeth most hottest fevers, except it be prevented by letting of blood, and that in abundance, and almost to swooning, but it were 
Actius.  more sure to be let blood twice in one day, the first time without swooning, at the next time swooning is not to be feared. If the grief be in t●● neck or heed, the blood must be let of the bain called Cephalea, or the shoulder vain. If it be in the bulk or uppermost part of the body than must the vain be cut, which is called Basilica, or the innermost vain. If all the body be grieved than cut the vein, which is named Mediana, or the middle vein. If a fever remain after blood letting, than order him, with the dicte of them that have fevers, which ye shall find written hereafter. If no fever remain, than use moderate fricasies, and little eating, and that of meats having good juice, increasing by little and little to the natural diet.   

¶ diet of them that are ready to fall into sickness. Cap. 5.  
Now return eftsoons to speak of diet, it is to be remembered, that they, which are ready to fall into diseases, they are prepared thereunto, either by repletion of superfluous humours, or else by eruditie or malice of humours, which are in them. As touching the first, the general diet must be such, as thereby the humours may be attenuate, and by convenient evacuation, brought to a moderate quantity. As for the second must be corrected with meats and drinks of contrary qualities, having always respect to the age of the person, time of the year, place of habitation, and most specially the universal complexion, for choler offending in an old man, in winter time, in a cold country, or the person being of his natural complexion phlegmatic or melancholy, would not be so abundantly expulsed or subdued, as if it be in one young and lusty, in the hot summer, in the coūtrais, where the son fervently burneth or the person of his proper nature is very choleric. And in like wise contrary. wherefore every man, knowing his own natural complexion, with the quality of the humour that offendeth, let him make temperance his chief coke, and remembering that which I have before declared, ordain to himself such diet, as may reform the offence with none or little annoyance, to his universal complexion. And if he can so do, he shall happily escape, not only divers sicknesses but also the most pernicious danger, proceeding of corrupted drowges or spices, whereof some covetous pothecaries do make medicines, maugre the heeds of good and well learned physicians.   

¶ sickness most common to particular times of the year and ages. Ca 6.  
ALthough I do not intend to write of the cure of egritudes or sicknesses confirmed, as well because it mought be reputed in me a great presumption, as also uless as it were very perilous to dinulgate that noble science, to common people, not learned in liberal sciences and philosophy, which be required to be sufficiently in a physician. And more over, many books of Hipocrates and Galene ought to be radde, before that one do take upon him the general cure of men's bodies: yet not withstanding, I trust I may without any note of arrogance write, what diseases do most commonly happen in sundry times of the year & ages of men and women, with some signifycations, whereby the dyscrasy or distemperature of the body is perceived, to the intent that the physician being far of, may be truly informed/ considering that urines far carried, do often deceive them/ and like wise lack of the sight of the patient/ and inquisition of things which do precede or follow the sickness. And with this I trust none honest and chartable physician will be offended/ but rather give to me thanks for my diligence/ in the advaunring of their estimation, which by lack of perfit instruction hath been appaired.  

¶ sicknesses of spring tyme.  
¶ Diseases proceeding of melancholy/ as madness/ falling sickness/ bleedynges/ avynses/ poses/ hoorsenesse/ coughs/ lepries/ scabs/ ache in the joints.   

¶ sicknesses of summer.  
¶ Many of the said diseases/ also fevers concynuall/ hot fevers/ fevers tertians/ quartaynes/ vomits/ flyres/ watering of eyes/ pains of the ears/ blisters and soores of the mouth/ and sweattynges.   

¶ sicknesses of Autumn.  
¶ divers of summer sicknesses/ also oppilations of the spleen/ dropsies/ consumptions/ strangulyons/ costyvenesse/ ache in the huckle bones/ shortness of wind/ fretting of the bowels/ falling sickness/ and melancholy diseases.   

¶ sickness of winter.  
¶ Stitches and griefs in the sides/ inflammation of the lungs/ rheums/ coughs/ pains in the bresle/ sides/ and loins/ heed ache/ & palseyes.   

¶ sicknesses happening to children.  
¶ When they be new borne/ there do happen to them soores of the mouth called Aphte/ vomiting/ coughs/ watching/ fearfulness/ inflammations of the navel/ moistures of the ears.  
Wwhan they breed teeth/ itching of the gums/ fevers/ cramps/ and lasks.  
When they were elder/ than be they grieved with kernels/ oppennesse of the mould of the heed/ shortness of wind/ the stone of the bladder/ worms of the belly/ warts/ swellings under the chin/ and in England commonly purpyls/ measles/ and small pocks.   

¶ sickness happening to young men from xiiii years of age.  
¶ Fevers cotydiane/ tereyane/ quarteyne/ hot fevers/ spitting or vomiting of blood/ pleuresies/ diseases of the sides/ inflammation of the lungs/ lethargies/ frenzy/ hot sicknesses/ cholerik passion's/ costiveness or vehement lasks.   

¶ sickness of age.  
¶ Difficulty of breath/ rheums with coughs/ strangulyon/ and difficulty in pissing/ ache in the joints, diseases of the reins, ●wymmynges in the heed, palseyes, itching of all the body, lack of sleep, moisture in the eyes and ears dullness of sight, hardness of hearing, tisiknesse or shortness of breath.  
¶ Although many of the said sicknesses do happen in every time and age, yet because they be most frequent in the said times and ages, I have written them, to the intent, that in the ages and times most inclined unto them, such things mought be than eschewed, which are apt to engender the said diseases.    

¶ The general sygnifications and tokens of sickness. Cap. 7.  
IF the body be hotter, colder, moister, drier, leaner, fuller, the colour more pale, or swart, the eyes more hollow, than is accustomed to be it signifieth that the body is disposed to sickness, or already sick.  
The brain sick. 


Raving.  
Forgetfulness.  
fantasy.  
Humours coming from the roof of the mouth, the eyes, the nose, or the ears.  
Watch.  
Sleep.     
The heart sick. 


Difficulty of breath.  
Trembling of the heart.  
Beating of the pulse.  
Fevers. Cold.  
Diutrsite of colours.  
Grief about the heart.     
The liver sick. 


Lack or abundance of humours.  
The form of the body alteted.  
Paleness.  
Concoction.  
Digestion.  
Alteration of excrements accustomed.  
pain in the place of the liver.  
swelling.  
Difficulty of breath.     
The stomach sick. 


Concoction, slow or quick.  
Appetite of moist or dry, dull or quick.  
Separation of excrements moist or hard with their colours.  
Yexing.  
Belching.  
vomiting with pain and difficulty of breath.  
Urine moche or little with the colour and substance to red or to pale, to thick or to thin     
The breast. 


Difficulty of breath.  
Cowgh.  
spitting.  
pain in the breast.     
¶ This have I written, not to give judgement thereby, but only for the patient to have in a readiness, to the intent, that what so ever he feeleth or perceiveth in every of the said things thereof to instruct his physician, whereunto he may adapt his counsel and remedies.   

¶ Of urines. Cap. viii.  
FOrasmoch as now a days the most common judgement in sickness is by urines, which being far carried or much moved, or standing long after that it is made, the form thereof is so altered, that the phisytion shall not perfitly perceive the natural colour, nor contents, although it be never so well chafed at the fire, as Actuarius and other great learned men do affirm. I will therefore somewhat speak of urines, not so much as a physician knoweth, but as much as is necessarieto every man for to perceive the place and cause of his grief, whereby he may the better instruct the Physician.  
¶ first in urine, four things are to be considered, that is to say, the substance, the colour, the regions or parts of the urine, and the contents or things therein contained.  
Also forasmuch as in the body of man be four qualities, heat, cold, moisture, and dryth, two of them heat and cold, are causes of the colour, dryth and moisture are causes of the substance.  
Moreover in urine, being in a vessel apt there unto be seen, are three regions. The lowest region in the bottom of the urinal, containing the space of two fingers or little more. The middle region, from whence the lowest ended unto the cerkele. The highest region is the cerkle.  
The highness of the colour signifieth heat, the place, black, or green, signifieth could.  
Also the grossness or thickness of the urine signifieth moisture, the clearness or thinness, signifieth drithe.  

¶ The colours of urines.  

¶ Colour of bright gold.  
Colour of guilt.   perfit digestion. 

Red as a red apple or cherry.  
Base red, like to bull ar●enake, or saffron dry  
Red glowing like fire.   Excess of digestion. 

Colour of a beasts liver.  
Colour of dark red wine.  
Grene like to coleworts.   Adustion of humours. 

Leaddy colour.  
Black as ink.  
Black as horn.   feebleness or mortification of nature, except it be in purging of melancholy. 

white clear as water.  
Grace as a horn.  
white as whey.  
Colour of a camels hear.   Lack of digestion. 
Pale like to broth of flesh sodden. 
The beginning of digestion.   

Citrine Colour or yellow.  
Subcitrine or paler.   The middle of digestion. 

white and thin betokeneth melancholy to have dominion.  
white and thick, signifieth phlegm.  
Red and thick betokeneth sangnuine.  
Red and thin betokeneth choler to have the sovereignty.     

The substance of the urine. Cap. ix.  
AT the first pissing, all urines well nigh do appear thine, as long as they abide warm, for natural heat, during the time that it prevaileth, suffereth not that the liquor, which is the substance of the urine, to con●●le or be thick for any occasion: but after that heat is gone, some urines shortly, some a longer time after, wax thick, like wise sometime, some a 〈…〉 pissed thicker, & after wax clear, some remain still as they were made, some be meetly thick, as they were troubled, some very thick & gross. Thoi that wax clear, soon do gather that, which is thick into the bottom of the urinal, some remain troubled, the grossness not withstanding gathered in the bottom. Semblably the diversity of thine or subtle urines, must be perceived, that is to say, that some are very subtle, as water, some lass subtle, some in a mean between thick and thin.  
¶ Of things contained in the urine, some do descend down to the bottom, & be called in a greek word Hypostasis, in english some call it the grounds, some the resydence, which if it be white, light, rising up from the bottom of the urinal, like a pear, it signifieth health, if it be of any other figure or colour, it betokeneth some a noyance. If like things be seen in the middle of the urinal, they be called sublations, if they approach unto the highest region of the urine, they be named clouds, in latin Nebule. The grounds or residences not perfit, some is like lit ●e●le red vetches, & is called in latin Orobea, some is like to bran of wheat gronnde, & severed from the meal, and is called branny residence, in latin Furfurea, some be like unto plates, having breadth and length without thickness, & may be named platy residence, in latin Laminea, some is like to meal, wheat, or barley, and may be named mealy residence, in latin Sunilacea.  
¶ There is also seen in the urine like to white hears, some lengar, some shorter, sontune like to rags somewhat red, there is also seen in the up permoste part of the urine, sometime a foam or froth sometime bells or bobles. sometime there swimmeth in the urine a thing like a copwebbe otherwhile there is about the cerkle, as it were the renting of cloth, sometime there is in the urine like motes of the son, sometime like the matter of a sore, otherwhile like the seed of a man also gravel or sand. And in these things may be divers colours, some white, some red, some between both, some yellow, some grey, and some black. All this must be diligently marked, and thereof separately to advertise the Physician, unto whom I refer the judgement of the sickness, for the cause afore rehearsed, and for as much as the judgement of them is very subtle.  
Semblably of ordure, whither it be very thine or very thick: what other matter issueth out with it, what colour it is of the savour very great, little or none, if it were easily expulsed, or peynefully, how oft or how seldom. Moreover of sweat, what colour it is of, & of what savour if in tasting it be salt, sour, bitter, or unsavoury.  
Also the vomit, if it be of one colour or many, if it do smell horribly, of what humour it had most abundance, if it were fasting, or after meals, if it were painful or easy.  
Likewise spettil, whether it be thick or thin or mixed with blood or matter corrupt, accordingly of the humour issuing out at the nose, & if that be blood, than whither it be red, watery or black.  
Moreover, it may not be forgotten, to advertise the Physician of the diet used by the patient, aswell afore the sickness, as in the time of the sychenesse, his age, the strength of his body, his exercise, and place, where he longest abode in his youth, whether it were high or low, watery or dry, hot or cold.  
This I trust shall be sufficient, to instruct a physician, he that desireth to know more particularly hereof, let him read the books of Hypocrates, Galene, Cornelyus Celsus, Actuarius, Paulus, and divers other late writers, for this little treatise may not receive it.   

¶ The preceptis of the ancient physician Dyocles unto king Antigonus. Cap. 10.  
We will now divide the body of man into four parts, the heed, boulke, called in latin thorax, which containeth the breast, the sides, the stomach, and entrails. The belly, called in latin venture, containeth the paunch & the bowels. Also the bladder, called in latin vesica, in the which name is also contained the cundites, by the which urine passeth. When any disease approacheth to the heed, these tokens do commonly precede, swimming in the hced, heed ache, heaviness of the brows, sounding in the ears, prickings in the temple, the eyes in the morning do water, or wax dim, the smelling is dull, the gums do smell. When thou feelest such tokens forthwith purge the heed with somwath, not with vehement medicines, but taking I soap or Organum, & the crops of them boil with white or claret wine half a pint, & therewith gargarise your mouth fasting, until the phlegm be purged out of your heed, this is the easiest medicine in discrasies of the heed. It is also very wholesome to gargaryse the mouth and breast with honey water, wherinto mustard is put & mingled, but first the heed must be rubbed with a warm cloth, that the fleum may easily come out of the heed. And if these tokens be neglected, these manner of sicknesses do follow soon after, blared eyes, and humour letting the sight, clefts in the ears, swell lynge in the neck full of matter, called the kings evil, corruption of the brain, poses, or rheums, heaviness of the heed, and tooth ache.  
When the boulke is like to suffer any sickness it is perceived by these tokens, all the body is in a sweat, the bulk most specially, the tongue uva xeth thick, the spettyll is either salt or bitter, or choleric, the sides and shoulders do ache without any occasion, the patient gapeth often, also there doth happen moche waking, suffocations or lack of breath, thirst after sleep, the mind is vexed with heaviness, also the breast and arms are very could, and the hands do trembele.  
Against these thyges this remedy may be provided. After a moderate supper, assay to vomit without any medicine, vomit is also profitable, which meat doth follow: He that in such wise will vomit, let him eat hastily small radysshe roots, townkersis, rokat, synuy, or purslane, and drink after it a great quantity of warm water, and provoke him sesfe to vomit. He that setteth little by the said tokens, let him fear these sicknesses following, the pleurisy, the sickness of the lungs, melancholy or madness, sharp fevers, the frenzy, the lethargy, inflammation with yexinge.  
If any sickness be toward the belly, they may be espied by these tokens, the bealye is first wrapped together, and in itself is troubled, all meats and drinks do seem bitter in taste, he feeleth heaviness in his knees, a styffenes in his loins, a weariness in all his body without any occasion, a slepynesse in his legs, with a little fever, when thou feleste these tokens, mollify the belly, not with medicine, but with good order of diet, for it is best and most sure, to use those things, whereof lightly may ensue none annoyance, in the number of them are betes boiled in water of honey garlic sodden, malowes, sorrel, mercury, and all things condite in honey. All these do erpel the ordure of the belly: but if any of the said signs doth more and more increase, the liquor, wherein the sede of Carthamus, called also Cnicus, is boiled, is a pleasant and sure medicine, small coleworts boiled in a good quantity of water, the liquor thereof in measure▪ two pints, saving the third part of a pint, with hon● and salt being drunken, shall profit much. Cicer, and the pulse called in la●●o ernum, in english I suppose chittes▪ in water drunk fasting, hath the same essect. To them, which set little by the said tokens, these diseases do suddenly happen, Flux of the belly, bloody flux, slyppernes of the bowels, pains in the guts, ache in huckle bones the fever terciane, the gout, the apoplexy or palsy in the limbs, hemoroides, aching of joints.  
When the bladder is toward any sickness, it is perceived by these tokens, fullness felt after little meat, breaking wind downward and upward, paleness of colour in all the body, heavy or troublous sleeps, the urine pale, and passing forth peynefully, swellings about the cods & privy members. When these tokens appear, than is it expedient to have remedy of odoriferous things, which do expel urine, which shall be done without any peril with the roots of fennel and persely steeped one or two days in good white wine and to drink thereof fasting every morning three ounces and two drams, with the water of wild carets, or clycampane, which of these is next at hand, every of them have like effect. Also water, wherein the peasyn called in latin Ciceres, are steeped, being drunk with wine, is like commodious: he that neglecteth the said tokens, let him look for these sicknesses following, the dropsy, the greatness of the spleen, grief in the liver, the stone, ache of the back, or pains in the reins, the difficulty of urine, fullness of the belly. In all these things that we have spoken of, we shall give to children most easy medi cines, to men those, which be stronger in working.  
This diet of Diocles, although at this time it seemeth not most pleasant, nor according to the practice now used, yet being tempered with that, which I have before remembered, some thing may be found in it, which being experienced, may be as commodious for the health of man's body, as that diet, which is more curious or pleasant.   

¶ Of them in whose stomachs meat is corrupted. Cap. 11.  
THey in whom customably meat is corrupted, let them afore that they eat any meat assay to vomit, drinking sweet wine, abstain from meat, that engender botches inflammations, fumous ructuations or vapours, and take such as nourish good juice, & chose them out, which do molyfy the belly, & at sundry times take them. It is also good to take temperately that which looseth the belly, as the medicine called picra, and to abstain from such things, whereby ill ivyre is gathered, & do engender sicknesses, hard to be cured or never, as gouts, boneache, pains of the reins etc.   

¶ Of the virtue of meats. Cap. 12.  
HE that is studious about the conservation of health, he needeth to know the virtue 
ribasius 〈…〉 medici 〈…〉 fimp. 1.  of meats. The meat which hath virtue to extenuate, or make humours subtylle, it openeth the poors, and bringeth forth that which is fast in the flesh, it maketh that which is clammy, subtle, & doth extenuate, or relent that which is fat, it bringeth forth that which abideth long in the belly, but that which is eaten, is a superfluity watery & choleric, and at length maketh melancholic blood. Wherefore moche using of them is prohibited, specially to them, that are choleric, & only serveth for them that are replete with phlegm, crude or undigested humours, clammi or fat. The diet of fatting things, doth nourish abundantly, so that the stomach & liver do digest well: meat of good juice, maketh good blood, but yet it stoppeth the liver & spleen. These do they, which make fat humours only, as the poulse called Lenticula, & they that are slimy like malowes, some do make fat humours, & be also slimy, as fishes with hard shells. Finally the diet, which doth extenuate & make lean, is more sure for keeping of health, than that, which fatteth much. Nourishing meats would be therefore moderateli used, when a man perceiveth himself to have need thereof, it may be most sureli used of them that be exercised temporately, & can sleep when they lust. They that can not sleep by reason of exercise, let them eschew fatting meats, let none ydelle person attempt to use them. In the preservation of health, sluggardy is the greatest mischief. Like as the temperate moving is good, so is the meat which between thick & thin, is to man's health most convenient, which engendereth blood, according to the competent constitution of man's body, & therefore is it to be chifly used. Meat of ill juice is always noiful, wherefore it ought to be eschewed. Likewise the variety of meats is to be observed diligently, for it is a great thing to couple well together things of contrary virtues. for if they be not well digested, that which is received, may bring displeasure.   

¶ A diet preservative in the time of pestilenee. Capitulo. xiii.  
THe bodies most apt to be infected, are specially sanguine, next choleric than phlegmatic last melancolyke, for in them the humour being cold and dry. is most unapt to receive putrefaction, having also straight passages, by the which venom must pass. The 
lar●inus cinus.  diet convenient for that time is to abstain from meres inflaming and opening the pores also from the heat of the son, from to much heat of fire, or garmenus, from very hot herbs, and moche use of tart things, except onions and cikory, or radishe with vinegar for they do resist against venom, from wine very furnish, exercise incontinent after meals, from swetting, from all thing is that will cause oppilations and putrefaction, from things hot and moist, where moisture hath the dominion in degree, specially being not sufficiently boiled: also from milk, except it be in a little quantity, and that with a little sugar. Frutis and herbs cold and dry, and there with sour or somewhat bitter, are not prohibited. If ye eat figs, grapes, or sweet cherries, eat after them of an orange with salt. If ye eat things cold and moist, as cucumbers, melones, fish soft and fresh, or damsyns, eat by and by after some fennel, and orange with salt, drinking therewith a draught of good wine. Beware of musherons, much purslane, gourdis, and all other things, which will soon putrefy: not withstanding, I will not forbid eating of lettuce, with a few mints, or mixed with cinnamon. All things sour are commended, as well in diet conseruative, as in that which is curative or healeth, except where there is straightness of the breast, or weakness of the stomach, than ought they to be tem, pred with sugar salt, almond milk, cinnamon, pepper, fennel, saffron, eggs/ and some thing that is fat or unctuous. Capers are good to be used with vinegar. Cheese very fat and salt/ is not commended/ no more is coleworts/ or any kind of pulse/ except chittes: great peason/ rapes/ nor spinach is good. Also there be forbode rokat and mustard/ moche wine and eggs/ except they be eaten with sorrel sauce/ vinegar/ or juice of oranges: persely and also parsnepes be good. new wines be noyful/ let the meat be somewhat more than drink. but yet sustain not to much hunger nor thirst. beware of lechery/ of a cloudy wether and close/ eschew moche resort or throng of people/ winds come ming from fens or moors/ from sleep at none: use with your meat this powder/ sanders red/ half an ounce/ cinnamon three drams and a half/ saffron half a dram. After your meat/ eat a little of coriander sede/ well prepared. In the morning/ at a temperate fire comb your herd backward/ cleanse your body and heed of all superfluities: use also moderate fricasies/ with sweet perfumes/ and odours/ wash oftentimes your face and hands with pure vinegar mixed with rose-water. In cold wether mixed it with mints/ balm/ rue/ or myrtes/ and some time cloves. In hot summer with roses or vio lets. Above all things use to take white wine good/ white vinegar rosette/ water of roses/ in equal portions/ put there unto a little seruale/ or of the rind of a citron, and drink thereof a little and oftentimes wash therewith your hands and visage.  
medicines preservative against the pestilence, which be alway most ready, are these, a fig with rue, and a wall nut eaten fasting, also triakle, or mithridate, to old men a dram weight, to young men half a dram, or a scruple dissolved in vinegar and rose water, or in water of tormentil, seabiose or balm, if the plague be in summer: if it be in winter, put to the waters some white wine. Also the pylles called commonly. Pillule Rasis, but in deed they were invented by Rufus are very excellent, specially if the al●●, which i● it, be washed, and thereunto added a little Bolus armenus, & terra sigillata. And if the person be of hot completion, a quantity of sorrel seed, and red coral, this confectioned with syrup of citrons, in cold complexions or to old men with wine, use them every third day one pill at a time, three hours or four afore dinner or supper. If ye take triakle or Mithridate, abstain from meat at the least six hours after. A piece of the 〈◊〉 of setuall, borne in the mouth preserveth, from infection. In likewise doth sorrel chewed fasting, and the juice sucked down. To poor men, Marsilius was wont to grew a toast of bread steeped in vinegar, with a piece of an onion or rue. All things which be cordial, that is to say, which do in any wise comfort the heart, do resist pestilence, vehement anger, or heaviness, be very pernicious. Other more exquisite and costly preservatives, I purposely pass over, which Marsilius, and other physicians, do write of abundantly, for as much as I desire to be in this work compendious. One thing I had almost forgotten, that there is no better preservative, than to flee from the place corrupted, betime and far of, and to let none approach you, that hath made their abode, where the plague is fervent. More over receive not into your house any stuff, that cometh out of a house, wherein any person hath been infected. For it hath been seen, that such stuff dying in a coffer shut by the space of two years, after that the coffer hath been opened, they which have stand nigh to it, have been infected, and soon after have died. But there I alway except the power of god, which is wonderful, and also merciful, above man's reason or counsel, preserving or striking whom, when, and where it shall like his majesty, to whom be glory and praise everlasting. Amen.  
¶ Thus make I an end of this treatise, desiring them that shall take profit thereby, to defend it against envious dysdayn, on whom I have set the adventure for the love that I bore to my country: requiring all honest physicians to remember, that the intent to my labour was that men and women reading this work, and observing the counsels therein, should adapt thereby their bodies, to receive more sure remedy by the medicines prepared by good physicians in dangerous sicknesses, they keeping good diet, and infourming diligently the same physicians, of the manner of their affects, passions, and sensible tokens. And so shall the noble and most necessary science of physic, with the ministers thereof/ escape the slander/ which they 〈◊〉 of long time sustained/ and according to the precept of the wise man/ be worthily honoured/ for asmuch as the highest god did create the physician/ for man's necessity. And of the earth created medicine/ and the wise man shall not abhor it. Thus far ye well gentle readers/ and forget me not with your good report/ and pray to God that I be never wars occupied.    

Londini in aedibus Thomae Berthe leti typis impress. Cum privilegio ad imprimendum solum. ANNO. M. D. XXXIX.