ORDERS, thought meet by her Majesty, and her privy Council, to be executed throughout the Counties of this Realm, in such Towns, Villages, and other places, as are, or may be hereafter infected with the plague, for the stay of further increase of the same.  
❧ Also, an advise set down upon her majesties express commandment, by the best learned in Physic within this Realm, containing sundry good rules and easy medicines, without charge to the meaner sort of people, aswell for the preservation of her good Subjects from the plague before infection, as for the curing and ordering of them after they shallbe infected.  
❧ Imprinted at London by Christopher Barker, Printer to the Queen's most excellent Majesty.   

❧ Orders thought meet by her Majesty and her privy Council, to be executed throughout the Counties of this Realm, in such Towns, Villages, and other places, as are, or may be hereafter infected with the plague, for the stay of further increase of the same.  
INprimis, all the justices in every County, aswell within the liberties as without, immediately▪ upon knowledge to them given, shall assemble themselves together at some one general place accustomed, being clear from infection of the plague, to consult how these orders following may be duly put in execution, not meaning that any justices dwelling in or near places infected, shall come thither whiles their coming may be doubtful. And after their first general assembly▪ they shall make a distribution of themselves to ●●●dry limits and divisions, as in other 〈◊〉 services for the County they are accustomed to 〈◊〉 for the prosecution thereof.  
2 First, they shall inquire, 〈…〉 inform habitants of the same Towns and Parishes are, to be able to relieve the poor that are or shallbe infected, and to be restrained in their houses.  
3 Item, thereupon after conference used▪ according to the necessity of the cause, they shall devise and make a general taxation, either by charging the Town infected with one sum in gross, or by charging the special persons of wealth within the same, to be forth with collected for the rate of one month at the first, and so if the sickness shall continued, the collection of the like sum, or of more or of less, as time and cause shall require, and the same to be every first, second, third, or fourth week employed to and for the execution of the said orders. And in case some of the said Towns infected shall manifestly appear not to be of sufficient ability to contribute sufficient for the charges requisite, than the taxation or collection shallbe made or further extended to other parts, or in any other further 〈◊〉, as by the● shallbe thought requisite where there shallbe any such Towns or Villages 〈◊〉, and unable to relieve themselves. And if the said Towns be situated in the borders and confines of any other shire, then as the justices 〈…〉 need for the greatness of the ●●arge 〈…〉, that the pa●●es of the 〈◊〉 joining to the 〈…〉 the next justices of the 〈◊〉 Shire ●o confirming, ●o procure by 〈◊〉 some relief, as in 〈…〉 they 〈◊〉 to relieve them, in respect of 〈…〉 of the place, and 〈◊〉 that the 〈◊〉 infection 〈◊〉 the 〈…〉 from the said adjoining places, though they be separated by name of the County.  
4 Item, they shall 'cause to be appointed in every Parish aswell infected as not infected, certain persons to view the bodies of all such as shall die, before they be suffered to be buried, and to certify the Minister of the Church and Churchwarden, or other principal officers, or their substitutes, of what probable disease the said persons died: and the said viewers to have weekly some allowance, and the more large allowance where the Towns or Parishes be infected, during the infection, towards their maintenance, to the end they which shall be in places infected, may forbear to resort into the company of others that are sound: and those persons to be sworn to make true report according to their knowledge, and the choice of them to be made by direction of the Curate of the Church, with three or four substantial men of the Parish. And in case the said viewers either through favour or corruption, shall give wrong certificate, or shall refuse to serve being thereto appointed, then to 'cause them to be punished by imprisonment, in such sort as may serve for a terror to others.  
5▪ Item, the houses of such persons out of the which there shall die any of the plague, being so certified by the viewers, or otherwise known, or where it shallbe understood, that any person remaineth sick of the plague, to be closed up on all parts during the time of restraint, uz. six weeks, after the sickness ●e ceased in the s●●e house, in 〈◊〉 the said houses 〈◊〉 infected sh●lbe within any Town ha●ing houses near adio●ning to the same. And if the infection happen in houses dispersed in Villages, and separated from other houses, and that of necessity, for the serving of their cattle, and manuring of their ground, the said persons cannot continued in their houses, than they to be nevertheless restrained from resorting into company of others, either publicly or privately during the said time of restraint, and to wear some mark in their uppermost garments, or bear white rods in their hands at such time as they shall go abroad, and if there be any doubt that the masters and owners of the houses infected, will not duly observe the directions of shutting up their doors, specially in the night, then shall there be appointed two or three watchmen by turns, which shallbe sworn to attend and watch the house, and to apprehended any person that shall come out of the house contrary to order, and the same persons by order of the justices, shall be a competent time imprisoned in the stocks in the highway next to the house infected: and furthermore, some special mark shallbe made and fixed to the doors of every of the infected houses, and where any such houses shall be Inns or Alehouses, the signs shallbe taken down for the time of the restraint, and some cross or other mark set up in the place thereof, to be a token of the sickness.  
6 Item, they shall have good regard to choose honest persons that either shall collect the sums assessed, or shall have the custody thereof, & out of the said collection to allot a weekly proportion for the finding of victual, or fire, or medicines for the poorer sort, during the time of their restraint. And whereas some persons being well disposed to yield alms and relief, will be more willing to give some portions of victual, as corn, bread or other meat, the same shall be committed to the charge of some special persons, that will honestly and truly preserve the same, to be distributed as they shall be appointed for the poor that are infected.  
7 Item, to appoint certain persons dwelling within the towns infected, to provide and deliver all necessaries of victuals, or any matter of watching or other attendance, to keep such as are of good wealth being restrained, at their own proper charges, and the poor at the common charges: and the said persons so appointed to be ordered, not to resort to any public assembly during the time of such their attendance, as also to wear some mark on their upper garment, or to bear a white rod in their hand, to the end others may avoid their company.  
8 Item, that in the shire town in every County, and in other great towns meet for that purpose, there may be provision bespoken and made, of such preservatives & other remedies, which otherwise in meaner towns can not be readily had, as by the Physicians shall be prescribed, and is at this present reduced into an Advise made by the Physicians, and now printed and sent with the said orders, which may be fixed in market places, upon places usual for such public matters, and in other towns in the bodies of the parish churches, and chapels, in which advise only such things are prescribed, as usually are to be had and found in all countries without great charge or cost.  
9 Item, the Ministers and Curates, and the Church wardens in every Parish, shall in writing certify weekly to some of the justices, residing within the Hundred or other limit where they serve, the number of such persons as are infected and do not die, and also of all such as shall die within their Parishes, and their diseases probable whereof they died, and the same to be certified to the rest of the justices at their assemblies, which during some convenient time would be every xxi. days, and thereof a particular book kept by the Clerk of the peace, or some such like.  
10 Item, to appoint some place apart in each parish for the burial of such persons as shall die of the plague, as also to give order that they be buried after sun setting, and yet nevertheless by daylight, so as the Curate be present for the observation of the rites and ceremonies prescribed by the law, foreseeing as much as conveniently he may, to be distant from the danger of infection of the person dead, or of the company that shall bring the corpse to the grave.  
11 Item, the justices of the whole County to assemble once in xxi. days, to examine whether those orders be duly executed, and to certify to the lords of the privy Council their proceedings in that behalf, what towns and villages be infected, as also the numbers of the dead, and the diseases whereof they died; and what sums of money are taxed and collected to this purpose, and how the same are distributed.  
12 Item, the justices in the hundred, where any such infection is, or the justices next adjoining thereunto, to assemble once a week, to take account of the execution of the said orders, and as they find any lack or disorder, either to reform it themselves, or to report it at the general assembly there, to be by a more common consent reformed.  
13 Item, for that the contagion of the plague groweth and increaseth no way more, then by the use and handling of such clotheses, bedding and other stuff as hath been worn and occupied by the infected of this disease, during the time of their disease: the said justices shall in the places infected take such order, that all the said clotheses and other stuff, so occupied by the diseased, so soon as the parties diseased of the plague are all of them either well recovered or dead, be either burnt and clean consumed with fire: or else aired in such sort as is prescribed in an especial article contained in the Advise set down by the Physicians. And for that peradventure the loss of such apparel, bedding and other stuff to be burnt, may be greater than the poor estate of the owners of the same may well bear: it is thought very good and expedient, if it be thought meet it should be burnt, that then the said justices, out of such collections as are to be made within their Counties for the relief of the poorer sort that be infected, allow also to them such sum or sums as to them shall be thought reasonable, in recompense of the loss of their said stuff.  
14 Item, the said justices may put in execution any other orders that by them at their general assembly shall be devised and thought meet, tending to the preservation of her majesties subjects from the infection, and to the end their care and diligence may the better appear, they shall certify in writing the said orders newly devised, and if any shall wilfully break and contemn the same or any the orders herein specified, they shall either presently punish them by imprisonment, or if the persons so contemning them, shall be of such countenance as the justices shall think meet to have their faults known to her Majesty, or to the Council, they shall charge and bind them to appear before us, & the contempt duly certified, that there may be a more notorious sharp example made by punishment of the same by order of her Majesty.  
15 Item, if there be lack of justices in some parts of the shire, or if they which are justices there shall be for the time absent, in that case the more number of the justices at their assembly shall make choice of some convenient persons to supply those places for the better execution hereof.  
16 Item, if there be any person Ecclesiastical or say, that shall hold and publish any opinions (as in some places report is made) that it is a vain thing to forbear to resort to the infected, or that it is not charitable to forbidden the same, pretending that no person shall die but at their time prefixed, such persons shallbe not only reprehended, but by order of the Bishop, if they be ecclesiastical, shallbe forbidden to preach, and being lay, shallbe also enjoined to forbear to utter such dangerous opinions upon pain of imprisonment, which shall be executed, if they shall persever in that error. And yet it shall appear manifestly by these orders, that according to Christian charity, no persons of the meanest degree shallbe left without succour and relief.  
17 And of these things above mentioned, the justices shall take great care, as of a matter specially directed & commanded by her Majesty upon the princely and natural care she hath conceived towards the preservation of her subjects, who by very disorder, and for lack of direction do in many parts wilfully procure the increase of this general contagion.   

An advise set down upon her majesties express commandment, by the best learned in Physic within this Realm, containing sundry good rules and easy medicines, without charge to the meaner sort of people, as well for the preservation of her good Subjects from the plague before infection, as for the curing and ordering of them after they shall be infected.  

preservative by correcting the air in Houses.  
TAke Rosemary dried, 
preservatives.  or juniper, bayleaves, or Frankincense, cast the same on a Chafindish, and receive the fume or smoke thereof▪ Some advise to be added Lavender, or Sage.  
Also to make fires rather in pans, to remove about the Chamber, then in Chimneys, shall better correct the air of the Houses.  
Take a quantity of Vinegar very strong, and put to it some small quantity of rose-water, ten branches of Rosemary, put them all into a basin, then take five or six Flintstones, heated in the fire till they be burning hot, cast them into the same Vinegar, & so let the fumes be received from place to place of your house.   

Perfuming of Apparel.  
Such apparel as you shall commonly wear, let it be very clean, and perfume it often either with some read Saunders burned, or with juniper. And if any shall happen to be with them that are visited, let such persons as soon as they shall come home, shifted themselves, & air their other clotheses, in open air for a time.   

Preservation by way of defence in open air, and common assemblies to be used outwardly.  
IT is good in going abroad into the open air in the streets, to hold some things of sweet savour in their hands, or in the corner of a handkerchief, as a sponge dipped in Vinegar & rose-water mixed, or in Vinegar, wherein Wormwood, or Rue called also Herbegrace, hath been boiled.   

preservative by way of inward medicine.  
TAke a quantity of Rue, or Wormwood, or of both, and put it into a pot of usual drink, close stopped, let it lie so in steep a whole night, and drink thereof in the morning fasting.  
In all Summer plagues, it shallbe good to use Sorrel sauce to be eaten in the morning with bread, And in the fall of the leaf to use the juice of Barberies with bread also.  
men's bodies are apt to take infection, either 

By the constitution of the heart, the vital spirits being weak, and the natural heat feeble, in which case things Cordial are to be used.  
By repletion, the body being filled with humours, either 

Good, and then is the party to be let blood.  
Evil, and then is he to be cured with medicine purgative.       

preservatives Cordials.  
Mithridates' Medicine.  
TAke of good Figs not worm-eaten, clean washed, of Walnuts the kernels clean picked, of either of them an hundred, of the leaves of green Rue, otherwise called Herbgrace, the weight of two. s. of common Salt the weight of iiii. d. cut the Figs in pieces, and stamp them and the Walnut kernels together in a mortar of Marble or wood a good space, until they be very small, and then put your Rue leaves unto them, stamp and stir them well together with the rest, last put in the Salt and stamp and stir these things together, until they be encorporated and made of one substance. Of the which take the quantity of two. or three Figs every morning fasting, to children the half will serve, and he that listeth to increase or diminish the substance of this Medicine, shall easily do it, by taking of a greater or less quantity of the simples according to a due proportion.   

A well approved Medicine to preserve.  
TAke of the finest clear Aloes you can buy, in colour like to a Liver, and therefore called Hepatica, of Cinnamon, of Myrrh, of each of these the weight of three French crowns, or of xxii. d. of our money, of Cloves, Maces, Lignum Aloes, of Mastic, of Bole Oriental, of each of these half an ounce: mingle them together and beat them into a very fine powder. Of the which take every morning fasting the weight of a groat of this in white wine delayed with water, and by the grace of God you shall be safe from the plague. No man which is learned, if he examine the simples of this medicine whereof it consisteth, and the nature and power of them, can deny but that it is a medicine of great efficacy against the plague, and the simples whereof it is made, are easily to be had in any good Apothecary's shop, except Bole Oriental, which is used in the stead of true Bolus Armenus, whereof we have seen great store in the shops of master Rich the Queen's majesties Apothecary, and master Morgan's in Cheapsyde.  
Take a dry Fig and open it, and put the kernel of a Walnut into the same being cut very small, iii or iiii. leaves of Rue commonly called Herbgrace, a corn of Salt, then roast the Fig & eat it warm, fast three or iiii. hours after it, and use this twice in the week.  
Take the powder of Turmentill, the weight of vi. d. with Sorrell or Scabious water in Summer, and in Winter with the water of Valerian or common drink.  
Or else in one day they may take a little Wormwood, and Valerian with a grain of Salt. In another day they may take seven. or viii. berries of juniper, dried and put in powder, and taking the same with common drink, or with drink in which Wormwood and Rue hath been steeped all the night.  
Also the triakle called Diaresseroun, which is made but of iiii. things of light price easy to be had.  
Also the root of Enula Campana, either taken in powder with drink, or hanged about the br●●t.  
Likewise a piece of Arras root kept in the mouth as men pass in the streets, is very good Cordial.  
Take vi. leaves of Sorrel, wash them with water and vinegar, let them lie to steep in the said water and vinegar a while, then eat them fasting, and keep in your mouth and chew now or then either Setwall, or the root of Angelica, or a little Cinnamon.  
Take the root of Enula Campana being laid and steeped in vinegar, & gross beaten, put a little of it in a handkerchief, and smell to it if you resort to any that is infected.   

For women with child, or such as be delicate and tender, and cannot away with taking of medicines.  
MAke a tossed of white or of the second bread, as you think good, and sprinkle on it being hot a little good wine vinegar, made with Rose leaves, and for want of it any good common or used vinegar, & spread on the tossed a little butter, and cast thereon a little powder of Cinnamon, and eat it in the morning fasting. The poor which can not get vinegar nor buy Cinnamon, may eat bread and Butter alone, for Butter is not only a preservative against the plague, but against all manner of poisons.  
When one must come into the place where infectious persons are, it is good to smell to the root of Angelica, Gentian or Valerian, and to chew any of these in his mouth.   

another preservative for the poor.  
IT shallbe good to take an handful of Rue, and as much common Wormwood, and bruise them a little: and put them into a pot of Earth or Tin, with so much Vinegar as shall cover the herbs: keep this pot close covered or stopped, and when you fear any infection, dip into this Vinegar a piece of asyonge, and carry it in your hand and smell to it, or else put it into a round ball of Ivory or juniper made full of holes of the one side, carrying it in your hand use to smell thereunto, renewing it once in a day.   

To be used after infection taken.  
FOr as much as the cause of the plague standeth rather in poison▪ 
Curati●es.  then in any 〈◊〉 of humours as other agues do, the chiefest way is to move sweatings, and to defend the heart by some cordial thing.   

Suppositary.  
IF the Patient be costive and bound in his body, let him take a Suppository made with a little boiled Honey, and a little fine powder of Salt, and so taken in at the Fundament and kept till it move a stool.   

An excellent Medicine made without charges.  
TAke of the powder of good Bayberries, the husk taken away from them, before they be dried, a spoonful: Let the Patient drink this, well mingled in a draft of good stolen Ale or Beer, which is neither sour nor dead, or with a draft of white Wine, and go to bed and cast himself into a sweat, and forbear sleep as is aforesaid.   

another sovereign remedy, that is a stilled water.  
TAke the inward bark of the Ash tree, a pound, of Walnuts with the green outward shells, to the number of 50. cut these small, of Scabious, of Veruen, of P●timorel, of Howsleeke, of every one a handful, of Saffron half an ounce, power upon these the strongest Vinegar you can get four pints let them a little boil together upon a very soft fire▪ and then stand in a very close pot well sleep all a night upon the embers, afterward distill them with a soft fire, and receive the water close kept. Give unto the Patient laid in bed & well covered with clotheses, two ounces of this water to drink, & let him be provoked to sweated, & every six hours, during the space of xxiiii. hours, give him the same quantity to drink. This Medicine for the worthiness thereof, and because it will stand the maker thereof in little charge, it shall be very well done to distill it in the Summer when the Walnutts hung green on the tree, that it may be ready against the time that occasion serveth to use it.   

1. Blood letting.  
IF the Patient be full of humours which be good, let him immediately be let blood upon the liver vein in the right arm, or in the Median vein of the same arm (if no sore appear) in the first day.   

2. Medicine purgative.  
FOr the poor take Aloes the weight of vi. d. put in the pap of an Apple: and for the richer Pills of Rufus to be had in every good Apothecary's shop.  
After letting of blood and purging (as shall be needful) some of the forenamed Cordials are to be used.  
These preparations thus used the first day that the Patient shall fall sick, as cause shallbe to use the one or the other (no sore appearing) in which case if the sore shall appear, they are both to be forborn▪ the next is to use all means to expel the poison, and to defend the heart by Cordials.   

3. Medicament expulsive.  
THe poison is expelled best by sweatings provoked by posset Ale, made with Fenel & Marigolds in Winter, and with Sorrell, bugloss and Borage in Summer, with the which in both times they must mix the treacle of Diatessaroum, the weight of ix. d. & so to lay themselves with all quietness to sweated one half hour or an hour, if they be strong. For they that be neither full of humours nor corrupt in humours, need neither purging nor letting of blood, but at the first plunge may move themselves to sweated with Cordial things mixed with such things as move sweat, and are before declared.   

What is to be done when there is any rising or swelling in any part.  
THen if by these three means the poison be expelled outward by Botches, carbuncles or marks, called God's marks, according as nature doth expel, so must the further proceedings be, providing still, that they continued still in the use of the cordial and moderate sweeting now and then, all the time that the sores be in healing, which must by the Surgeon be handled with great discretion.   

Medicine to be used in ordinary diet.  
IT is thought that the powder of heart's horn hath a special prerogative, to be used all the time of their sickness in their broths, and supping, which in Summer must ever have Sorrel, Borage, bugloss, and in winter, Betony, and Scabious, or Morsus▪ Di●bol●▪ and if their abilities do not serve, let them use it with aleberries made with a little Nutmeg, or one Clove, or with Cawdelles in like manner▪ made with Cloves, Maces, Nutmegs, Sanders or such like.   

Both to preserve and cure the sickness.  
TAke an egg & make a hole in the top of it, take out the white & yolk, fill the shell with the weight of two french crowns of Saffron▪ roast the said egg thus filled with Saffron under the embres, until the shell begin to wax yellow, then take it from the fire, and beat the shell and Saffron in a 〈◊〉 together, with half a spoonful of Mustard seed▪ take of this powder a french crown weight, and assoon as you suspect yourself infected, dissolve it into ten spoonfuls of posset ale, & drink it lukewarm, then go to bed and provoke yourself to sweeting.   

To be used in the first time of the Sickness.  
ANother is to take five or six handful of Sorrel, that groweth in the field, or a greater quantity according as you will distill more or less of the water thereof, and let it lie infrised or steeped in good Vinegar the space of xxiiii. hours, then take it of & dry it with a linen cloth put into a Limbeck, and distill the water thereof: And assoon as you find yourself touched with the sickness, drink four spoonfuls of the said water with a little sugar, and if you be able, walk upon it until you do sweat, if not, keep your bed, and being well covered, provoke yourself to sweeting, and the next day to take as much again of it a little before supper.  
Item, to provoke vomit with two ounces of rank oil, or walnutte oil, a spoonful of the juice of Celendyne, & half a spoonful of the juice of radice root, so that the party infected do walk and not sleep, is better than any letting of blood, or any purging. For the disease neither can suffer▪ agitation of humours, nor when one is infected, hath no time to bleed or to purge.   

Outward medicines for to be applied to the sore.  
The first.  
TAke of scabious two handefulls, stamp it in a stone mortar with a pestle of stone if you can get any such, then put unto it of old swines grease salted, two ounces, and the yolk of an egg, stamp them well together, & lay part of this warm to the sore.   

The second.  
TAke of the leaves of Mallows, of Camomile flowers, of either of them an handful, of linseed beaten into powder two ounces, boil the Mallow leaves first cut, and the flowers of the Camomile in fair water standing above a finger's breadth, boil all them together until all the water almost be spent: then put thereunto the linseed, of Wheat flower half an handful, of swine's grease the skins taken away three ounces, of oil of Roses two ounces, stir them still with a stick, and let them all boil together on a soft fire without smoke, until the water be utterly spent, beat them all together in a mortar, until they be well encorporated together, & in feeling smooth, & not rough: then make part thereof hot in a dish set upon a chaf●ndish of coals, & lay it thick upon a linen cloth applying it to the sore.   

Another excellent medicine to ripen and bring out the Sore.  
TAke a white Onion cut in pieces, of fresh butter three ounces, of leaven the weight of twelve pence, of Mallows one handful, of Scabious if it may be had one handful, of Cloves of garlic the weight of xx. d. boil them on the fire in sufficient water, and make a poultice of it, and lay it warm to the sore.   

Another.  
TO the sore itself do thus. Take two handful of Valerian, three roots of Danewort, a handful of smallage, or Lovage, if you can get it, seeth them all in butter and water, & a few▪ crumbs of bread, and make a poultice thereof, & lay it warm to the sore until it break.   

Another for the same.  
IF you can not have these herbs, it is good to say a loaf of bread to it, hot as it cometh out of the oven, (which afterward shall be burnt or buried in the earth) or the leaves of Scabious or Sorrel roasted, or two or three Lily roots roasted under embers, beaten and applied.   

A general medicine for all sorts of people taken with the plague, to be had without cost.  
TAke of the root of butter burr, otherwise called pestilent wort, one ounce, of the root of great Valerian a quarter of an ounce, of Sorrel an handful, boil all these in a quart of water to a pint, then strain it and put thereto two spoonfuls of Vinegar, two ounces of good Sugar, boil all these together until they be well mingled, let the infected drink of this so hot as he may suffer it a good draft, and if he chance to cast it up again, let him take the same quantity strait way upon it, and provoke himself to sweated, and he shall find great help.   

Time of continuance apart from common assemblies.  
Such as have been infected, should keep their house without being conversant with the whole, until the sores shall have left running and be perfectly whole and sound, which in sanguine & choleric persons will be healed sooner, than in melancholic & phlegmatic complexions.  
Such persons may not well be conversant with them which are not infected, for the space of one month.   

Infected clotheses.  
THe contagion suspected to remain in clotheses, either woollen or linen, cannot well be avoided by better means, then by fire and water, by often washing & airing the same in frosts, and sun shine, with good discretion, and burning the clotheses of small value.  
❧ Imprinted at London by Christopher Barker, Printer to the Queen's most excellent Majesty. (⸪)