Two Broadsides AGAINST TOBACCO: The First given by King JAMES Of Famous Memory; HIS Counterblast to TOBACCO.  
THE SECOND Transcribed out of that learned PHYSICIAN Dr. EVERARD MAYNWARINGE, HIS Treatise of the SCURVY.  
To which is added, Serious Cautions against Excess in Drinking: Taken out of another Work of the same Author, His Preservation of Health and Prolongation of Life.  
WITH A short Collection, out of Dr. George Thompson's Treatise of Blood; Against smoking Tobacco.  
Also many Examples of God's severe Judgements upon notorious Drunkards, who have died suddenly, In a Sermon Preached by Mr. Samuel Ward.  
Concluding with Two Poems against Tobacco and Coffee.  
Collected and Published, as very proper for this Age; By J. H. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
Animalia omnia sibi metipsis noscunt Salutaria, praeter Hominem.  

Licenced according to Order,  
June 6. 1672.   
London, Printed for John Hancock, and are to be Sold at the Three Bibles in Popes-head-Alley, or at other Shops, 1672.   


James by the grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland etc    

To all Taverns, Inns, Victualling-Houses, Alehouses, Coffeehouses, Strong-water-shops, Tobacconists-shops, in England, Scotland or Ireland.  
Gentle Readers,  
HEre is presented to you a Brief, Learned, and a very seasonable Treatise for the Age we live in: It was many years since Penned by King James of happy and blessed Memory, Entitled, A Counterblast to Tobacco; It it here verbatim, faithfully transcribed out of the large and learned Volume of His other Works in Folio, which are rare and scarce to be had for money, and of too great a price for the common sort of Tobacco-smokers to purchase: It is granted, the thing may be good, and Physical, and healthful, being moderately and but seldom taken; but for men to take ten or twenty Pipes in a day in all Companies, Morning, Noon and Night, before and presently after Meals; this is a strange way of taking Physic. Now the King understanding the evil Custom of taking Tobacco, or, as we now call it, smoking a Pipe, was grown to a great head, he seems to be very much incensed at it, and discovers how it first came into England, and its first Original; and how that it was used much amongst the savage Indians, to cure Lewes Venerea, a Disease among them: His Majesty wisely foreseeing the evil consequences that would follow, by such immoderate sucking in the foul smoke of this Indian Weed, and He being the Physician of the Body Politic, doth by many strong and excellent Arguments, dissuade his Subjects from imitating the practice of the Heathen Indians, in drinking this noxious fume. It was in his Time but a Novelty, and practised but a little, except amongst the Nobility, Gentry, or great Ones: But now what is more frequently used in every Alehouse and Coffee-house, besides great Inns and Taverns in London, and all the Three Kingdoms over. Whereas if men were so wise for their own good, both in Body, Soul, and Estate, as to handle a good Book, either of Divinity, or of Morality, half so often as they do the Pipe of smoke, it would be better for them in all respects, more precious time and money would be saved. I shall detain you no longer from a more learned Epistle and Treatise of the matter in hand: And as King Solomon, who was the wisest of Kings, saith in his Book of Ecclesiastes, That where the word of a King is, there is power; so I say, If what our famous King James hath written, be not of Power sufficient to divert all English men, etc. from this evil and hurtful Custom; It is here seconded, and backed home, by the words and advice of an able and learned Doctor of Physic now living; it being so suitable to the purpose, was thought fit to be added to this Counterblast. And that it may not be said (as the common Proverb is) To be only one Doctor's opinion, I have thought sit to add another, Collected out of a Treatise Of the Blood, written by that learned Physician Dr. George Thompson, who agreeth with the former against smoking Tobacco, as dangerous. I apprehend, that what hath been spoken against drinking Tobacco, may much more be said against immoderate drinking of Wine, Ale, Beer, or any strong Liquors, and Dishes of Coffee, etc. Thus hoping thou wilt make a good use of what is here gathered together, and offered for thy good, I rest  
A Wellwisher to thy Health, J. H.   

To the Reader.  
AS every humane body (dear Countrymen) how wholesome soever, is notwithstanding subject, or at least naturally inclined to some sorts of Diseases or Infirmities: So is here no Commonwealth, or Body-Politick, how well governed or peaceable soever it be, that lacks their own popular Errors, and naturally inclined Corruptions; And therefore it is no wonder, although this our Country and Commonwealth, though peaceable, though wealthy, though long flourishing in both, be amongst the rest, subject to their own natural Infirmities. We are of all Nations the people most Loving, and most reverently Obedient to our Prince; yet we are (as time hath often born witness) too easy to be seduced to make Rebellion upon very slight grounds. Our fortunate and oft-proved Valour in Wars abroad, our hearty and reverend Obedience to our Princes at home, hath given us a long, and thrice-happy Peace; our Peace hath bred wealth: And Peace and Wealth hath borough forth a general sluggishness, which makes us wallow in all sorts of idle Delights, and soft Delicacies, the first seeds of the subversion of all great Monarchies. Our Clergy are become negligent and lazy, our Nobility and Gentry prodigal, and sold to their private Delights; Our Lawyers covetous, our common People prodigal and curious; and generally all sorts of People more careful for their private ends, then for their Mother the Commonwealth.  
For remedy whereof, It is the King's part (as the proper Physician of his Politic Body) to purge it of all those Diseases, by Medicines meet for the same; as by a certain mild, and yet just form of Government, to maintain the Public quietness, and prevent all occasions of Commotion; by the example of his own Person and Court, to make us all ashamed of our sluggish Delicacy, and to stir us up to the practice again of all honest Exercises, and martial shadows of War; as likewise by His, and His Court's moderateness in Apparel, to make us ashamed of our Prodigality: By his quick Admonitions, and careful over-seeing of the Clergy, to waken them up again, to be more diligent in their Offices: By the sharp Trial, and severe Punishment of the partial, covetous, and bribing Lawyers, to reform their Corruptions: And generally by the example of His own Person, and by the due execution of good Laws, to reform and abolish piece and piece, these old and evil-grounded Abuses: For this will not be Opus unius Diei, but as every one of these Diseases, must from the King receive the one Cure proper for it; so are there some sorts of Abuses in Commonwealths, that though they be of so base and contemptible a condition, as they are too low for the Law to look on, and too mean for a King to interpose his Authority, or bend his Eye upon; yet are they Corruptions, as well as the greatest of them. So is an Ant an Animal as well as an Elephant; so is a Wren Avis, as well as a Swan; and so is a small dint of the Toothache a Disease, as well as the fearful Plague is. But for these base sorts of Corruption in Commonwealths; not only the King, or any inferior Magistrate, but Quilibet ê populo may serve to be a Physician, by discovering and impugning the error, and by persuading reformation thereof.  
And surely in my Opinion, there cannot be a more base, and yet hurtful Corruption in a Country, then is the vile use (or rather abuse) of taking Tobacco in this Kingdom, which hath moved me shortly to discover the abuses in this following little Pamphlet.  
If any think it a light Argument, so it is but a Toy that is bestowed upon it. And since the Subject is but of Smoke, I think the fume of an idle Brain, may serve for a sufficient battery against so fumous a feblean Enemy. If my grounds be found true, it is all I look for; but if they carry the force of persuasion with them, it is all I can wish, and more than I can expect. My only care is, my dear Countrymen may rightly conceive even by this smallest trifle, of the sincerity of my meaning in greater matters, never to spare any pains, that may tend to the procuring of your Weal and Prosperity.   

A COUNTERBLAST TO TOBACCO.  
THat the manifold abuses of this vile custom of Tobacco-taking, may the better be espied; It is fit, That first you enter into Consideration both of the first Original thereof, and likewise of the Reasons of the first entry thereof into this Country; for certainly as such Customs that have their first Institution, either from a godly, necessary, or honourable ground, and are first brought in by the means of some worthy, virtuous, and great Personage; are ever, and most justly holden in great and reverend estimation and account by all wife, virtuous and temperate Spirits: So should it by the contrary, justly bring a great Disgrace into that sort of Customs, which having their Original from base Corruption and Barbarity, do, in like sort, make their first entry into a Country, by an inconsiderate and childish affectation of Novelty, as is the true case of the first▪ Invention of Tobacco-taking, and of the first entry thereof amongst us. For Tobacco being a common Herb, which (though under divers Names) grows almost every where, was first found out by some of the Barbarous Indians to be a Preservative, or Antidote against the Pox, a filthy Disease, whereunto these Barbarous People are (as all men know) very much subject, what through the uncleanly and adust constitution of their Bodies, and what through the intemperate heat of their Climate. So that as from them, was first brought into Christendom, that most detestable Disease: So from them likewise was brought this use of Tobacco, as a stinking and unsavoury Antidote, for so corrupted and execrable a Malady; the stinking suffumigation whereof they yet use against that Disease, making so one Canker or Vermin to eat out another.  
And now, good Countrymen, let us (I pray you) consider what Honour or Policy can move us to imitate the barbarous and beastly Manners of the wild, godless and slavish Indians, especially in so vile and stinking a Custom▪ Shall we that disdain to imitate the Manners of our Neighbour France, (having the stile of the great Christian Kingdom) and that cannot endure the Spirit of the Spaniards (their King being now comparable in largeness of Dominions, to the greatest Emperor of Turkey;) Shall we, I say, that have been so long civil and wealthy in Peace, famous and invincible in War, fortunate in both; We that have been ever able to Aid any of our Neighbours (but never deafed any of their Ears with any of our Supplications for assistance;) Shall we, I say, without blushing, abase ourselves so far, as to imitate these beastly Indians, Slaves to the Spaniards, Réfuse to the World, and as yet Aliens from the holy Covenant of God? Why do we not as well imitate them in walking naked, as they do, in preferring Glasses, Feathers, and such toys, to Gold and precious Stones, as they do? Yea, why do we not deny God, and adore the Devil, as they do.  
Now to the corrupted baseness of the first use of this Tobacco, doth very well agree the foolish and groundless first Entry thereof into this Kingdom: It is not so long since the first entry of this abuse amongst us here, as this present Age cannot yet very well remember, both the first Author, and the form of the first Introduction of it against us. It was neither brought in by King, great Conqueror, nor learned Doctor of Physic.  
With the Report of a great Discovery for a Conquest, some two or three Savage men were brought in, together with this Savage Custom: But the pity is, the poor, wild, barbarous men died; but that vile barbarous Custom is yet alive, yea in fresh vigour, so as it seems a miracle to me, how a Custom springing from so vile a Ground, and brought in by a Father so generally hated, should be welcomed upon so slender a warrant: For if they that first put it in practice here, had remembered for what respect it was used by them from whence it came; I am sure they would have been loath to have taken so far the Imputation of that Disease upon them as they did, by using the Cure thereof; for Sanis non est opus medico, and Counter-poisons are never used, but where Poison is thought to proceed.  
But since it is true, that divers Customs slightly grounded, and with no better warrant entered in a Commonwealth, may yet in the use of them thereafter, prove both necessary and profitable; it is therefore next to be examined, if there be not a full sympathy and true proportion between the base ground and foolish entry, and the loathsome and hurtful use of this stinking Antidote.  
I am now therefore heartily to pray you to consider, first upon what false and erroneous grounds you have first built the general good liking thereof; and next, what Sins towards God, and foolish Vanities before the World, you commit in the detestable use of it.  
As for those deceitful grounds, that have specially moved you to take a good and great conceit thereof: I shall content myself to examine here only four of the Principals of them, two founded upon the Theoric of a deceivable appearance of Reason, and two of them upon the mistaken practic of general Experience.  
First, It is thought by you a sure Aphorism in the Physic; That the brains of all men being naturally cold and wet, all dry and hot things should be good for them, of which nature this stinking suffumigation is, and therefore of good use to them. Of this Argument both the Proposition and Assumption are false, and so the Conclusion cannot but be void of itself: For as to the Proposition, That because the Brains are cold and moist, therefore things that are hot and dry are best for them; it is an inept Consequence: For man being compounded of the four Complexions (whose Fathers are the four Elements) although there be a mixture of them all, in all the parts of his body, yet must the divers parts of our Microcosm, or little World within ourselves, be diversely more inclined, some to one, some to another Complexion, according to the diversity of their uses; that of these Discords a perfect Harmony may be made up for the maintenance of the whole Body.  
The application then of a thing of a contrary nature to any of these parts, is to interrupt them of their due function, and by consequence hurtful to the health of the whole Body; as if a man, because the Liver is as the fountain of Blood, and, as it were, an Oven to the Stomach, would therefore apply and wear close upon his Liver and Stomach a Cake of Lead, he might within a very short time (I hope) be sustained very good cheap at an Ordinary, besides the clearing of his Conscience from that deadly sin of Gluttony: And as if because the Heart is full of vital Spirits, and in perpetual motion; a man would therefore lay a heavy pound stone on his Breast, for staying and holding down that wanton Palpitation; I doubt not but his Breast would be more bruised with the weight thereof▪ than the Heart would be comforted with such a disagreeable and contrarious Cure. And even so is it with the Brains; for if a man because the Brains are cold and humid, would therefore use inwardly by smells, or outwardly by application, things of hot and dry quality; all the gain that he could make thereof, would only be to put himself in great forwardness for running mad, by overwatching himself; the coldness and moisture of our Brains being the only ordinary means that procure our Sleep and Rest. Indeed, I do not deny, that when it falls out that any of these, or any part of our Body, grows to be distempered, and to tend to an extremity beyond the compass of Nature's temperate mixture, that in that case Cures of contrary qualities to the Intemperate inclination of that part being wisely prepared, and discreetly ministered, may be both necessary and helpful for strengthening and assisting Nature in the expulsion of her Enemies; for this is the true definition of all profitable Physic.  
But first, These Cures ought not to be used, but where there is need of them; the contrary whereof is daily practised in this general use of Tobacco, by all sorts and Complexions of people.  
And next, I deny the minor of this Argument, as I have already said, in regard that this Tobacco is not simply of a dry and hot quality, but rather hath a certain venomous faculty joined with the heat thereof, which makes it have an Antipathy against Nature, as by the hateful smell thereof doth well appear; for the Nose being the proper Organ and Convoy of the sense of sinelling to the Brains, which are the only fountain of that sense, doth ever serve us for an infallible witness, whether that Odour which we smell be healthful or hurtful to the Brain, (except when it falls out that the sense itself is corrupted and abused, through some infirmity and distemper in the Brain:) And that the suffumigation thereof cannot have a drying quality, it needs no further probation, then that it is a smoke, all smoke and vapour being of itself Humid, as drawing near to the nature of the Air, and easy to be resolved again into water, whereof there needs no other proof but the meteors, which being bred of nothing else but of the vapours and exhalations sucked up by the Sun out of the Earth, the Sea and Waters; yet are the same smoky vapours turned and transformed into Rains, Snows, Dews, Hoar-Frosts, and such like watery meteors; as by the contrary, the rainy Clouds are often transformed and evaporated in blustering Winds.  
The second Argument grounded on a show of Reason, is, That this filthy Smoke, as well through the heat and strength thereof, as by a natural force and quality, is able and fit to purge both the Head and Stomach of Rheums and Distillations, as experience teacheth by the spitting, and avoiding Phlegm, immediately after the taking of it. But the fallacy of this Argument may easily appear, by my late proceeding Description of the meteors; for even as the smoky vapours sucked by the Sun, and stayed in the lowest and cold Region of the Air, are there contracted into Clouds, and turned into Rain, and such other watery meteors; So this stinking Smoke being sucked up by the Nose, and imprisoned in the cold and moist Brains, is by their cold and wet faculty turned and cast forth again in watery Distillations, and so are you made free, and purged of nothing, but that wherewith you wilfully burdened yourselves; and therefore are you no wiser in taking Tobacco for purging you of Distillations, then if for preventing the Colic, you would take all kind of windy Meats and Drinks; and for preventing of the Stone, you would take all kind of Meats and Drinks that would breed gravel in the Kidneys; and then when you were forced to avoid much wind out of your Stomach, and much gravel in your Urine, that you should attribute the thank thereof to such nourishments as breed those within you, that behoved either to be expelled by the force of Nature, or you to have burst at the broad side, as the Proverb is.  
As for the other two Reasons founded upon Experience▪ The first of which is, That the whole people would not have taken so general a good liking thereof, if they had not by experience found it very sovereign and good for them: For answer thereunto, How easily the minds of any people, wherewith God hath replenished this World, may be drawn to the foolish affectation of any Novelty, I leave it to the discreet Judgement of any man that is reasonable.  
Do we not daily see, that a man can no sooner bring over from beyond the Seas any new form of Apparel, but that he cannot be thought a man of Spirit, that would not presently imitate the same; and so from hand to hand it spreads, till it be practised by all; not for any commodity that is in it, but only because it is come to be the Fashion; for such is the force of that natural self-love in every one of us, and such is the corruption of envy bred in the Breast of every one, as we cannot be content, unless we imitate every thing that our Fellows do, and so prove ourselves capable of every thing whereof they are capable, like Apes, counterfeiting the Manners of others to our own destruction. For let one or two of the greatest Masters of Mathematics in any of the two famous Universities, but constantly affirm any clear day, that they see some strange Apparition in the Skies; They will, I warrant you, be seconded by the greatest part of the Students in that Profession; So loath will they be, to be thought inferior to their Fellows either in depth of Knowledge or sharpness of Sight: and therefore the general good liking, and embracing of this foolish Custom, doth but only proceed from that affectation of Novelty and popular Error, whereof I have already spoken.  
And the other Argument drawn from a mistaken experience, is but the more particular probation of this general, because it is alleged to be found true by proof, That by the taking of Tobacco, divers, and very many, do find themselves cured of divers Diseases, as on the other part no man ever received harm thereby. In this Argument, there is first a great mistaking, and next a monstrous absurdity; for is not a very great mistaking, to take non causam pro causa, as they say in the Logicks; because peradventure when a sick man hath had his Disease at the height, he hath at that instant taken Tobacco, and afterward his Disease taking the natural course of Declining, and consequently the Patient of recovering his health, O then the Tobacco forsooth was the worker of that Miracle! beside that, it is a thing well known to all Physicians, That the apprehension and conceit of the Patient hath by wakening and uniting the vital Spirits, and so strengthening Nature, a great power and virtue to cure divers Diseases: For an evident Proof of mistaking in the like case, I pray what foolish Boy, what silly Wench, what old doting Wife, or ignorant Country Clown, is not Physician for the Tooth ach, for the Colic, and divers such common Diseases; yea, will not every man you meet withal teach you a sundry Cure for the same, and swear by that mean, either himself, or some of his nearest Kindsmen and Friends was cured; and yet, I hope, no man is so foolish as to believe them: And all these toys do only proceed from the mistaking non causam pro causa, as I have already said; and so if a man chance to recover one of any Disease after he hath taken Tobacco, that must have the thanks of all: But by the contrary, if a man smoke himself to death with it (as many have done) O then some other Disease must bear the blame for that fault! So do old Harlots thank their Harlotry for their many years, that Custom being healthful (say they) ad purgandos renes, but never have mind how many die of the Pox in the flower of their Youth: And so do old Drunkards think they prolong their days by their Swinelike Diet, but never remember how many die drowned in Drink before they be half old.  
And what greater absurdity can there be then to say, that one Cure shall serve for divers, nay contrarious sorts of Diseases. It is an undoubted ground among all Physicians, That there is almost no sort, either of Nourishment or Medicine, that hath not some thing in it disagreeable to some part of man's body, because, as I have already said, the nature of the temperature of every part is so different from another, that according to the old Proverb, That which is good for the Head is evil for the Neck and the Shoulders: For even as a strong Enemy that invades a Town or Fortress, although in his Siege thereof he do belay and compass it round about, yet he makes his Breach and Entry at some one or few special parts thereof, which he hath tried and found to be weakest and least able to resist: So sickness doth make her particular assault upon such part or parts of our Body as are weakest and easiest to be overcome by that sort of Disease which then doth assail us, although all the rest of the Body, by sympathy, feel itself to be as it were belaid and besieged by the affliction of that special part, the grief and smart thereof being by the sense of feeling dispersed through all the rest of the members; and therefore the skilful Physician presses by such Cures to purge and strengthen that part which is afflicted, as are only fit for that sort of Disease, and do best agree with the nature of that infirm part; which being abused to a Disease of another nature, would prove as hurtful to the one, as helpful for the other; yea, not only will a skilful and wary Physician be careful to use no Cure, but that which is fit for that sort of Disease; but he will also consider all other circumstances, and make the Remedies suitable thereunto, as the temperature of the Clime, where the Patient is, the Constitution of the Planets, the time of the Moon, the season of the Year, the Age and Complexion of the Patient, the present state of his Body in strength or weakness: For one Cure must not ever be used for the self same Disease, but according to the varying of any of the aforesaid Circumstances, that sort of Remedy must be used which is fittest for the same: where by the contrary in this case, such is the miraculous Omnipotency of our strong-tasted Tobacco, as it cures all sorts of Diseases (which never any Drug could do before) in all Persons, and at all times. It cures all manner of Distillations, either in Head or Stomach (if you believe their Axioms) although in very deed it do both corrupt the Brain, and, by causing over quick digestion, fill the Stomach full of Crudities. It cures the Gout in the Feet, and (which is miraculous) in that very instant when the smoke thereof, as light, flies up into the Head, the virtue thereof, as heavy, runs down to the little Toe: It helps all sorts of Agues; it makes a man sober, that was Drunk; it refreshes a weary man, and yet makes a man hungry; being taken when they go to Bed, it makes one sleep sound; and yet being taken when a man is sleepy and drowsy, it will, as they say, awaken his Brain, and quicken his Understanding; As for curing of the Pox, it serves for that use, but among the Pocky Indian Slaves. Here in England it is refined, and will not deign to cure here any other then cleanly and gentlemanly Diseases. O omnipotent power of Tobacco! And if it could by the smoke thereof chase out Devils, as the smoke of Tobias Fish did (which, I am sure, could smell no stronger) it would serve for a precious Relict, both for the superstitious Priests, and the insolent Puritans, to cast out Devils withal.  
Admitting then, and not confessing, that the use thereof were healthful for some sorts of Diseases, should it be used for all Sicknesses? should it be used by all men? should it be used at all times? yea, should it be used by able, young, strong, healthful men? Medicine hath that virtue, that it never leaves a man in that state wherein it finds him; it makes a sick man whole, but a whole man sick: And as Medicine helps Nature, being taken at times of necessity; so being ever and continually used, it doth but weaken, weary, and wear Nature. What speak I of Medicine? Nay, let a man every hour of the day, or as oft as many in this Country use to take Tobacco; Let a man, I say, but take as oft the best sorts of Nourishments, in Meat and Drink, that can be devised, he shall, with the continual use thereof, weaken both his Head and his Stomach, all his members shall become feeble, his Spirits dull, and in the end, as a drowsy, lazy Belly-god, he shall vanish in a Lethargy.  
And from this weakness it proceeds, that many in this Kingdom have had such a continual use of taking this unsavoury Smoke, as now they are not able to forbear the same, no more than an old Drunkard can abide to be long sober, without falling into an incurable Weakness, and evil Constitution; for their continual custom hath made to them habitum, alteram naturam: So to those that, from their Birth, have been continually nourished upon Poison, and things venomous, wholesome Meats are only poisonable.  
Thus having, as I trust, sufficiently answered the most principal Arguments that are used in defence of this vile custom. It rests only to inform you, what Sins and Vanities you commit in the filthy abuse thereof: First, Are you not guilty of sinful and shameful lust, (for lust may be as well in any of the Senses as in feeling) that although you be troubled with no Disease, but in perfect health, yet can you neither be merry at an Ordinary, nor lascivious in the Stews, if you lack Tobacco to provoke your Appetite to any of those sorts of Recreation; lusting after it as the Children of Israel did in the Wilderness after Quails. Secondly, It is as you use, or rather abuse it, a branch of the sin of Drunkenness, which is the root of all Sins; for as the only delight that Drunkards take in Wine, is in the strength of the taste, and the force of the fume thereof that mounts up to the Brain; for no Drunkards love any weak or sweet Drink; So are not those (I mean the strong heat and fume) the only qualities that make Tobacco so delectable to all the Lovers of it? And as no man likes strong heady Drink the first day (because nemo repent fit turpissimus) but by custom is piece and piece alured, while, in the end, a Drunkard will have as great a thirst to be drunk, as a sober man to quench his thirst with a draught, when he hath need of it. So is not this the very case of all the great takers of Tobacco, which therefore they themselves do attribute to a bewitching quality in it? Thirdly, Is it not the greatest sin of all, that you, the people of all sorts of this Kingdom, who are created and ordained by God, to bestow both your Persons and Goods for the maintenance both of the honour and safety of your King and Commonwealth, should disable yourselves in both? In your Persons, having by this continual vile Custom brought yourselves to this shameful imbecility, that you are not able to ride or walk the Journey of a Jews Sabbath, but you must have a reeky coal brought you from the next poor House to kindle your Tobacco with; whereas he cannot be thought able for any Service in the Wars, that cannot endure oftentimes the want of Meat, Drink and Sleep, much more than must he endure the want of Tobacco. In the times of the many glorious and victorious Battles fought by this Nation, there was no word of Tobacco; but now if it were time of Wars, and that you were to make some sudden Cavalcado upon your Enemies; if any of you should seek leisure to stay behind his Fellow for taking of Tobacco, for my part, I should never be sorry for any evil chance that might befall him: To take a Custom in any thing that cannot be left again, is most harmful to the people of any Land. Mollities and delicacy were the rack and overthrow, first of the Persian, and next of the Roman Empire. And this very custom of taking Tobacco (whereof our present purpose is) is even at this day accounted so effeminate among the Indians themselves, as in the Market they will offer no price for a Slave to be sold, whom they find to be a great Tobacco-taker.  
Now how you are by this Custom disabled in your Goods, let the Gentry of this Land bear witness, some of them bestowing three, some four hundred pounds a year upon this precious Stink, which, I am sure, might be bestowed upon many far better Uses. I read indeed of a Knavish Courtier, who for abusing the favour of the Emperor Alexander Severus his Master, by taking Bribes to intercede for sundry Persons in his Master's Ear (for whom he never once opened his mouth) was justly choked with smoke, with this doom, Fumo pereat qui fumum vendidit. But of so many Smoke-Buyers as are at this present in this Kingdom, I never read nor heard.  
And for the Vanities committed in this filthy Custom, is it not both great Vanity and Uncleanness, that at the Table, a place of Respect, of Cleanliness, of Modesty, men should not be ashamed to sit tossing of Tobacco-Pipes, and puffing of the smoke of Tobacco one to another, making the filthy smoke and stink thereof to exhale athwart the Dishes, and infect the Air, when very often men that abhor it are at their Repast: Surely smoke becomes a Kitchen far better than a Dining Chamber, and yet it makes a Kitchen also oftentimes in the inward parts of men, soiling and infecting them with an unctuous and oily kind of soot, as hath been found in some great Tobacco-Takers, that after their Death were opened: And not only meat-time, but no other time nor action is exempted from the public use of this uncivil trick; so as if the Wives of Diep list to contest with this Nation for good Manners, their worst Manners would in all reason be found at least not so dishonest, as ours are in this point, the public use whereof at all times, and in all places, hath now so far prevailed, as divers men very sound both in Judgement and Complexion, have been at last forced to take it also, without desire, partly because they were ashamed to seem singular, (like the two Philosophers that were forced to duck themselves in that Rain-water, and so became Fools as well as the rest of the people) and partly to be as one that was content to eat Garlic (which he did not love) that he might not be troubled with the smell of it in the breath of his Fellows. And is it not a great vanity that a man cannot heartily welcome his Friend now, but strait they must be in hand with Tobacco: No, it is become in place of a Cure, a point of good Fellowship; and he that will refuse to take a Pipe of Tobacco among his Fellows (though by his own election he would rather smell the savour of a sink) is accounted peevish, and no good company; even as they do with tippling in the cold Eastern Countries: yea the Mistress cannot in a more mannerly kind entertain her Servant, then by giving him out of her fair hand a pipe of Tobacco; but herein is not only a great vanity, but a great contempt of God's good Gifts, that the sweetness of man's breath being a good gift of God, should be wilfully corrupted by this stinking smoke, wherein I must confess it hath too strong a virtue, and so that which is an Ornament of Nature, and can neither by any artifice be at the first acquired, nor once lost be recovered again, shall be filthily corrupted with an incurable stink, which vile quality is as directly contrary to that wrong Opinion which is holden of the wholesomeness thereof, as the venom of putrefaction is contrary to the virtue preservative.  
Moreover, which is a great iniquity, and against all humanity, the Husband shall not be ashamed to reduce thereby his delicate, wholesome, and clean-complexioned Wife to that extremity, that either she must also corrupt her sweet Breath therewith, or else resolve to live in a perpetual stinking torment.  
Have you not reason then to be ashamed, and to forbear this filthy Novelty, so basely grounded, so foolishly received, and so grossly mistaken in the right use thereof: In your abuse thereof sinning against God, harming yourselves both in Persons and Goods, and raking also thereby the marks and notes of Vanity upon you; by the Custom thereof, making yourselves to be wondered at by all foreign civil Nations, and by all Strangers that come among you, to be scorned and contempted; a custom loathsome to the Eye, hateful to the Nose, harmful to the Brain, dangerous to the Lungs, and in the black stinking fume thereof, nearest resembling the horrible stygian smoke of the Pit that is bottomless.   

Dr. Maynwaring's serious Cautions against Tobacco, collected out of his Treatise of the Scurvy, Page 70.  
ANother grand procuring and promoting cause of the Scurvy is, Tobacco; not taken notice of by any I meet with in print. And here we may charge much of the frequency, and the unwonted Phaenomena, or symptomatical appearance of this Disease, upon the late custom of taking Tobacco. Many wonder that the Scurvy should so much abound now in most places, and become so common and obvious now to every Eye, that was so rarely taken notice of in former times, notwithstanding some of its procuring causes were very Antique. But we need not wonder so much, if we consider the manner of living in former Ages, compared with our own; new Customs and Diets beget new Diseases, or modify the old so, as they seem to be new, in their unwonted manner, or frequency of appearance.  
The Scurvy being altered and differenced now from what it was in ancient times; that the Phaenomena or symptoms of the Disease in the Syndrome and Concurrence, is not exact alike with the description of the Ancients; which hath caused a doubt, and it is held by some Physicians, That the Scurvy is a new Disease: But it is the old Scurvy dressed in a new garb, which by new procuring causes, and additional complications, is become more depraved, more frequent, and more enlarged: few persons but harbour this unwelcome Guest.  
As an additional procurer of the Scurvy, Tobacco comes now to be examined, since whose general use the Scurvy hath much increased, and is become the most Epidemical. That this Plant is injurious and destructive to Nature, and consequently an introducer of the Scurvy will appear, if we consider the effects that supervene and follow the taking of it. The Consequents or Effects may be divided into two sorts; First, Such as accompany or supervene the first use of it. Secondly, Such as follow the long and constant use of it.  
Symptoms arising upon the first and unaccustomed use of smoking it, are Vomiting, Giddiness, Fainting, Drunkenness Sleepiness, depravation of the Senses, and such like as follow upon the taking of some kind of Poisons.  
Effects upon the accustomed familiar use of it, are, Salivation, drawing a Flux of moisture to the mouth, and draining the Body; heat, dryness, lassitude and weariness of the Spirits, a dulness and indisposition of mind after; apt to sleep, a filthy unsavoury taste in the mouth, a check to to the Stomach or Appetite.  
The latent and more secret Effects wrought in the Body by the constant smoking of Tobacco, are; the inducing a Scorbutic disposition, and promoting it where it is already radicated. And this is procured these ways: First, By depressing the Spirits, and alienating them from their genuine propriety and purity. Secondly, By vitiating the Stomach, and depraving the Palate. Thirdly, By exhausting the dulcet good juice of the Body, leaving behind and procuring the remainder more viscous, acrid and sharp. Fourthly, By prejudicing and weakening the Lungs and vital Parts.  
That it hath a property to depress and clog the Spirits, is apparent by its narcotick virtue, causing a dulness, heaviness, lassitude, and disposing to sleep after the use of it. That it alienates the Spirits, is concluded from its virulent nature, and discord with our nature, and that is argued from the symptoms that attend the first use.  
That it is noxious to the Stomach (the first grand Laboratory of the Body) is rational to assert: For, as Tobacco affects the mouth with an ill stinking taste, so the Stomach also goes not free, but is tainted with it; which is communicated to the Food received. Now considering the nature of Tobacco, as it is hot and dry, acrid, salt, biting, Purgative, or rather virulent, altogether medicinal, and not alimental; and this constantly to impregnate and tincture our nutrimental succus with these properties and qualities; we cannot otherwise expect by length of time and daily use, but that it will show its power and virtue to change and alter our Bodies; since it is not nutritive, but medicinal; estranged, and at a great distance from the nature of our Bodies, not fit to nourish, but to alter and produce some notable effects.  
So great a sympathy there is between the Stomach and Mouth, that the one is not affected, but the other is drawn into consent; if the Stomach be foul, the Mouth hath an ill relish; and if the Mouth distastes any thing, the Stomach nauseates at it. Now this great Harmony and consent between these two, ariseth upon this account; the Mouth is appointed by nature the Stomaches taster, to judge and discern what is fit and agreeable for the Stomach to receive; and therefore the same membrane which invests the Mouth, and is the instrument of tasting, does also line the Stomach; so that hereby what is pleasant and acceptable in the Mouth, is gratefully received into the Stomach: now by this affinity and sympathy, you may rationally conclude, that vitiating of the taste by Tobacco, and tainting the Mouth with its stinking scent, must of necessity communicate the same to the Stomach, which takes Physic every time you take Tobacco; does mix with and infect the chile of the Stomach, and is conveyed with it into all parts of the Body; and having so great a medicinal power, must needs alter and change the Body, according to the properties it is endowed with, by the constant use, and daily reception of it.  
Now Tobacco being of an acrimonious, hot, dry, etc. nature, does pervert and change the Balsamic juices of the Body into a more sharp and fiery temper, and alienate them; whereby they are not so amicable and fit for nutrition, as many scorbutic Tobacconists do evidence upon examination, and their constitution changed by the evil use of this Plant; and it is very reasonable to expect it, and impute such alterations to the use thereof, since they are the proper effects of such a Cause. The more remarkable discovery, and frequency of the Scurvy, may well and justly be imputed to Tobacco, since of latter years that Tobacco hath been in use, and in those Countries where Tobacco is much taken, it doth abound most.  
Although I discommend the use of Tobacco by smoking it, as an injurious Custom, yet I highly applaud it, as very medicinal, being rightly used. I remember about fifteen years since, a Patient of mine in Derbyshire, fell into a great Paroxysm of an Asthma, almost to suffocation; I exhibited a Dose of the Syrup of Tobacco, which gave him present help, and within a few hours was relieved, that he could draw his Breath with much ease and freedom: And about a year after, at Maxfield in Cheshire, I cured a Gentlewoman of an Ulcer in Ano of seven years standing, chiefly with the Ointment of Tobacco; and although other things were used, yet I ascribe most of the Cure to that Unguent. And in many other cases Tobacco is of good use, which I have experienced; but smoking of it I find to be hurtful, if it be customary. I shall not be so strict and severe against the use of it, as to forbid all persons the smoking it upon any score whatever; for that which may be used at certain times as medicinal upon just occasions requiring, in some persons, may prove very bad and pernicious upon the constant and general use. And this is the case of Tobacco.  
Tobacconists, whom custom hath ensnared, and brought them to delight in it, are willing to be persuaded and deluded, that it is good and wholesome, at least harmless. The pretences which they urge in defence of it, are such as these: Some plead for it, and use it after Meat, as a help to Digestion, and therefore take it as a good remedy against a bad Stomach and weak Digestion.  
To this I answer, They are much mistaken herein, not distinguishing between digestion, and precipitation of meat out of the Stomach; digestion is not performed but in due time, by retexture, alteration, fermentation, and volatization of Meát; and till then, is not fit to pass out of the Digestive-Office, which requires some hours more or less, according to the nature of the Food received, of facile or difficil digestion; now that which provokes the Stomach to a distribution of semidigested Chyle, and unloading itself before digestion be finished and perfected; offers great injury to the Body; (and this is the case of Tobacco by its laxative stimulating properties) which error committed in the first Digestive-Office, is not corrected, nor the damage recompensed by the acuteness and 
Aphorism.  strong elaborations of the subsequent digestions; and for this reason in part, the Scurvy is procured hereby.  
Some take Tobacco for refreshment after labour, and divertisement of serious thoughts, being tired with business, study and musing. True it is, Tobacco puts a suspension upon serious thoughts, and gives a relaxation for a time in some persons; others contemplate, and run over their business with more delight, by the help and during the taking of a Pipe: But both these persons though seemingly delighted and refreshed for a short time, yet afterwards the Spirits are lassated and tired, and are more flat, dull and somnolent, when the Pipe is out; this was but a cheat; the Spirits were not truly refreshed, invigorated and reinforced; as Wine does enliven and make brisk the Spirits, by affording and communicating an additional supply; but by the fume of Tobacco the Spirits are a little inebriated and agitated by an other motion than their own, which is a seeming refreshment; and short, not real, substantial and lasting.  
Others plead for Tobacco, and take it as a Remedy against Rheum, because a great dryer and exhauster of superfluous Moistures. To evince the Error of this Opinion, consider what is the cause whereby Rheums and crude moisture in the Body do abound; and than you will plainly see, whether smoking Tobacco be a proper or likely Remedy to prevent or oppose it. Phlegm and superfluous moisture does arise and abound in the Body, from a deficiency and debility of the Digestions, as also impediment or impotency of the expulsive faculty, that the remainders after digestion be not transmitted by the common ductures. Now this fume of Tobacco gives no Roboration, adds no strength to the digestive faculties, having no symbolical qualities to comply with, and assist them, is very plain. Also that separation and expulsion of super▪ fluous moisture by this fume, is not promoted and transmitted through the more commodious ductures and passages appointed by nature for emission; only a salivation by the mouth is procured, which brings no advantage, but detriment; for this Flux of moisture doth not arise as critical, from the impulsion of Nature, separating and protruding; but from a promiscuous attraction of fluid moisture, (by virtue of its acrimonious heat) as well the laudable, util succus, as the degenerated and superfluous; so that constantly draining the Body of this dulcet serosity, must cause many inconveniencies through the want of it, in as much as it is very serviceable to the Body, in the integrity of its nature, but being alienated, is then reduced or vented by better means, nature concurring with the medicine: But admit this did attract only excrementitious moisture (which it does not) yet considering it Vitiates the Stomach, and Impregnates the Chyle, with its evil properties, 'tis much better to forbear then to use it; that benefit would not recompense this injury. And further, that which is a preventing or curative remedy of superfluous Moisture, Rheum, or Phlegmatic matter, applies à Priori to the Digestions, the Springs from whence such Effects do arise; not à Posteriori to the producted matter, which this fume seems to pump out, but does not stop the Leak, is therefore no radical Medicine; and they that smoke Tobacco upon this account as a great dryer, and exhauster of superfluous moisture, are much deceived in the expected benefit; it only brings a current of moisture, which ought to be expended otherwise, but it abates nothing in the Fountain or Springs; rather augments, and makes an overflow, (for the Reason's aforesaid) as Tobacconists do evidence by their much spitting.  

Object.  Some may say, I never took Tobacco, and yet I have the symptoms of the Scurvy as bad as any that have taken it.  

Answ▪  This may be so, from other great procuring causes; and yet Tobacco notwithstanding may be one great procurer in other persons. The Scurvy does not require all the procuring causes to concur in its production, but sometimes one, and sometimes another is able to do it; and although you take no Tobacco, yet perhaps your Parents did, or theirs; and it is sufficient to make you fare the worse; bad customs and abusive living extends farther than the person so offending: it is transmitted to their Offspring, as in 
Tutela sanitatis.  another Work I have noted in these words. But yet the Crime were less, if only to themselves the prejudice did extend, but also to Posterity their Diseases are propagated; the Children having impressed upon them, and radicated in the principals of their nature, the seminal power and productive virtue of inordinate and intemperate living of their Genitors and Progenitors, that the Children may bear witness to the following Age, the vice and folly of their Parents and Predecessors, recorded and characterised in them, etc.  
H●rel y you may understand, that evil customs (as of smoking Tobacco) do not injure only the person doing so, but the Generation after them are prejudiced: And, here by the way, we may take notice of the many Rickity Children in this latter Age, since the use of Tobacco, which Disease was not known, before the frequent use of it. Tobacco does enervate and debillitate the faculties, that we may rationally expect the Children from this Generation to be Scorbutic, Rickity, and more feeble then formerly.  

Amurath.  Amurath the Fourth of that Name, Grand Signior of the Turkish Empire, put forth his Edict against the smoking of Tobacco, and made it a Capital Crime for any that should so use it; the Reason of this severe Prohibition was, that it did render his People infertile: I shall not urge the inconvenience of Tobacco so far, but this I may assert, that it causeth an infirm Generation, by debilliating the Parents, and rendering them Scorbutic, which Impressions are carried in semine to their Children, and makes a diseased Issue. And I observed in Virginia, being some time in that Colony, that the Planters who had lived long there, being great Smokers, were of a withered decayed Countenance, and very Scorbutic, being exhausted by this imoderate fume; nor are they long-lived, but do shorten their days by the intemperate use of Tobacco and Brandy.  
King James, that learned Philosophical Prinde of this Nation, wisely▪ considering the nature of this Plant, and having a good Stoxastick Head to foresee the inconveniencies that would arise to his People, by the ill custom of smoking it, he being the great Physician of the Body Politic, does excellently dehort his Subjects 
His Counterblast to Tobacco.  (being tender of their future welfare) from this noxious fume, and writes an Invective against it; whose Oratory and solid Arguments were enough to have broken the neck of this Custom, had they any regard to his kindness, or sense of their own good, and of their Posterity.  
I might have enlarged myself upon this Subject, and run over most Scorbutic symptoms, showing how they are either first procured or aggravated by this fume: But from what hath been said already, it plainly appears, that Tobacco is a great procurer and promoter of the Scurvy, in as much as many Scorbutic symptoms are the proper effects of smoking Tobacco, as lassitude, dulness, somnolency, spitting, ill taste in the mouth, etc. And although some few persons either by the strength of nature, do strongly resist the bad impressions it sets upon several parts of the Body, or by the peculiarity of nature is less offensive and hurtful to some, or brings some particular benefit (amongst its many ill properties) that makes it seemingly good; yet insensibly and by time it damageth all; and those few good effects in some few persons are not of validity to give it a general approbation and use, and free it from the censure of a great procurer of the Scurvy, but may be justly reckoned in that Catalogue.   

Preservation of Health in the choice of Drinks, and Regular Drinking.  
DRink for necessity, not for bad fellowship; especially soon after meat, which hinders the due fermentation of the Stomach, and washeth down before digestion be finished: but after the first concoction, if you have a hot Stomach, a dry or costive Body, you may drink more freely then others: or if thirst importunes you at any time, to satisfy with a moderate draught is better than to forbear.  
Accustom youth and strong Stomaches to small drink; but stronger drink, and Wine, to the infirm and aged: it cheers the Spirits, quickens the Appetite, and helps Digestion, moderately taken▪ but being used in excess, disturbs the course of Nature, and procures many Diseases: for corpulent gross and fat Bodies, thin, hungry, abstersive penetrating Wines are best, as White-Wine, Rhenish, and such like.  
For lean thin Bodies; black, red and yellow Wines, sweet, full bodied and fragrant, are more fit and agreeable; as Malaga, Mus●●del, Tent, Alicant, and such like.  
For Drink▪ whether it be wholesomer warmed than cold, is much controverted▪ some stiffly contending for the one, and some for the either: I shall rather choose the middle way, with limitation and distinction, then impose it upon all as a rule to be observed under the penalty of forfeiting their health, the observations of the one or the other.  
There are three sorts of persons, one cannot drink cold Beer, the other cannot drink warm, the third, either: You that cannot drink cold Beer, to you it is hurtful, cools the Stomach, and checks it much: therefore keep to warm drink as a wholesome custom: you that cannot drink warm Beer, that is, find no refreshment, nor thirst satified by it, you may drink it cold, nor is it injurious to you: you that are indifferent and can drink either, drink yours cold, or warmed, as the company does, since your Stomach makes no choice.  
That warm drink is no bad custom, but agreeable to Nature in the generality; First, Because it comes the nearest to the natural temper of the Body, and similia similibus conservantur, every thing is preserved by its like, and destroyed by its contrary. Secondly, Though I do not hold it the principal Agent in digestion, yet it does excite, is auxiliary, and a necessary concomitant of a good digestion, ut signum & causa. Thirdly, Omne frigus per se, & pro viribus destruit; Cold in its own nature, and according to the graduation of its power, extinguisheth natural heat, and is destructive; but per accidens, and as it is in gradu remisso, it may contemperate, allay, and refresh, where heat abounds, and is exalted.  
Therefore as there is variety of Palates and Stomaches liking and agreeing best with such kind of Meats and Drinks, which to others are utterly disgustful, disagreeing and injurious, though good in themselves: so is it in Drink warmed or cold; what one finds a benefit in, the other receives a prejudice; at least does not find that satisfaction and refreshment, under such a qualification; because of the various natures, particular appetitions, and idiosyncratical properties of several bodies, one thing will not agree with all: Therefore he that cannot drink warm, let him take it cold, and it is well to him; but he that drinks it warm, does better. And this is to be understood in Winter, when the extremity of cold hath congelated 
Primum crater ad sitim pertinere, secundum ad hilaritatem, tertium ad voluptatem, quartum ad insaniam dixit Apuleius.  and fixed the spirits of the Liquor in a torpid inactivity; which by a gentle warmth are unfettered, volatile and brisk; whereby the drink is more agreeable and grateful to the Stomaches fermenting heat being so prepared, then to be made so by it.  
There are three sorts of Drinkers: one drinks to satisfy Nature, and to support his body; without which he cannot well subsist, and requires it as necessary to his Being. Another drinks a degree beyond this man, and takes a larger dose, with this intention, to exhilarate and cheer his mind, to banish cares and trouble, and help him to sleep the better; and these two are lawful Drinkers. A third drinks neither for the good of the body, or the mind, but to stupefy and drown both; by exceeding the former bounds, and running into excess, frustrating those ends for which drink was appointed by Nature; converting this support of life and health, making it a procurer of sickness and untimely death.  
Many such there are, who drink not to satisfy Nature, but force it down many times contrary to natural inclination; and when there is a reluctancy against it: as Drunkards, that pour in Liquor, not for love of the drink, or that Nature requires it by thirst, but only to maintain the mad frolic, and keep the Company from breaking up. Some to excuse this intemperance, hold it as good Physic to be drunk once a month, and plead for that liberty as a wholesome custom, and quote the authority of a famous Physician for it. Whether this Opinion be allowable, and to be admitted in the due Regiment for preservation of Health, is fit to be examined.  

Omne nimium naturae est inimicum.  It is a Canon established upon good reason; That every thing exceeding its just bounds, and golden mediocrity, is hurtful to Nature. The best of things are not excepted in this general rule; but are restrained and limited here to a due proportion. The supports of life may prove the procurers of death, if not qualified and made wholesome by this corrective.  
Meat and drink is no longer sustenance, but a load and overcharge, if they exceed the quantum due to each particular person; and then they are not, what they are properly in themselves, and by the appointment of Nature, the preservatives of life and health; but the causes of sickness, and consequently of death.  
Drink was not appointed man, to discompose and disorder him in all his faculties, but to supply, nourish, and strengthen them. Drink exceeding its measure, is no longer a refreshment, to irrigate and water the thirsty body, but makes an inundation to drown and suffocate the vital powers. It puts a man out of the state of health, and represents him in such a degenerate condition both in respect of body and mind, that we may look upon the man, as going out of the World, because he is already gone out of himself, and strangely metamorphosed from what he was.  
I never knew sickness or a Disease, to be good preventing Physic; and to be drunk, is no other than an unsound state, and the whole body out of frame by this great change. What difference is there between sickness and drunkenness? Truly I cannot distinguish them otherwise then as genus and species: Drunkenness being a raging Disease, denominated and distinguished from other sicknesses, by its procatartick or procuring cause, Drink.  
That Drunkenness is a Disease or sickness, will appear in that it hath all the requisites to constitute a Disease, and is far distant from a state of health: for as health is the free and regular discharge of all the functions of the body and mind; and sickness, when the functions are not performed, or weakly and depravedly▪ then Ebriety may properly be said to be a Disease or sickness, because it hath the symptoms and diagnostic signs, of an acute and great Disease: for, during the time of drunkenness, and some time after, few of the faculties perform rightly, but very depravedly and preternatually: if we examine the intellectual faculties, we shall find the reason gone, the memory lost or much abated, and the will strangely perverted: if we look into the sensitive faculties, they are disordered, and their functions impedited, or performed very deficiently: the eyes do not see well, nor the ears hear well, nor the palate relish, etc. The speech falters and is imperfect; the stomach perhaps vomits or nauseates; his legs fail: Indeed if we look through the whole man, we shall see all the faculties depraved, and their functions either not executed, or very disorderly and with much deficiency.  
Now according to these symptoms in other sicknesses, we judge a man not likely to live long; and that it is very hard he should recover; the danger is so great from the many threatening symptoms that attend this sickness, and prognosticate a bad event: here is nothing appears salutary; but from head to foot, the Disease is prevalent in every part; which being collated▪ the syndrom is lethal, and judgement to be given so.  
Surely then Drunkenness is a very great Disease for the time▪ but because it is not usually mortal, nor lasts long; therefore it is slighted, and looked upon as a trivial matter that will cure itself. But now the question may be asked; Why is not Drunkenness usually mortal? since the same signs in other Diseases are accounted mortal, and the event proves it so. To which I answer; All the hopes we have that a man drunk should live, is; first, From common experience that it is not deadly: Secondly, From the nature of the primitive or procuring Cause, strong Drink or Wine; which although it rage's, and strangely discompose the man for a time, yet it lasts not long, nor is mortal. The inebriating spirits of the liquor, flowing in so fast, and joining with the spirits of man's body, make so high a tide, that overflows all the banks and bounds of order: For, the spirits of man's body, those agents in each faculty, act smoothly, regularly and constantly, with a moderate supply; but being overcharged, and forced out of their natural course, and exercise of their duty, by the large addition of furious spirits; spurs the functions into strange disorders, as if nature were conflicting with death and dissolution; but yet it proves not mortal.  
And this, first, because these adventitious spirits are amicable and friendly to our bodies in their own nature, and therefore not so deadly injurious, as that which is not so familiar or noxious.  
Secondly, Because they are very volatile, light, and active; Nature therefore does much sooner recover herself, transpires and sends forth the overplus received; then if the morbific matter were more ponderous and fixed; the gravamen from thence would be much worse and longer in removing: as an over-charge of Meat, Bread, Fruit, or such like substances not spirituous; but dull and heavy (comparative) is of more difficult digestion, and lays a greater and more dangerous load upon the faculties, having not such volatile brisk spirits to assist Nature, nor of so liquid a fine substance, of quicker and easier digestion: So that the symptoms from thence are much more dangerous, than those peraeute distempers arising from Liquors. So likewise those bad symptoms in other Diseases are more to be feared and accounted mortal (than the like arising from drunkenness) because those perhaps depend upon malignant causes; or such as by time are radicated in the body; or from the defection of some principal part: but the storm and discomposure arising from drunkenness, as it is suddenly raised, so commonly it soon falls, depending upon benign causes, and a spirituous matter, that lays not so great an oppession; but inebriates the spirits, that they act very disorderly and unwontedly; or by the soporiferous virtue, stupefies them for a time, until they recover their agility again.  
But all this while, I do not see, that to be drunk once a month, should prove good Physic: all I think that can be said in this behalf, is; that by overcharging the Stomach, vomiting is procured; and so carries off something that was lodged there, which might breed Diseases.  
This is a bad excuse for good Fellows, and a poor plea for drunkenness: for the gaining of one supposed benefit (which might be obtained otherwise) you introduce twenty inconveniences by it. I do not like the preventing of one Disease that may be, by procuring of one at the present certainly, and many hereafter most probably: and if the Disease feared, or may be, could be prevented no otherwise, but by this drunken means; then that might tolerate and allow it: but there are other ways better and safer to cleanse the body either upwards or downwards, then by overcharging with strong drink, and making the man to unman himself; the evil consequents of which are many, the benefit hoped for, but pretended; or if any, but very small and inconsiderable.  
And although, as I said before, the drunken fit is not mortal, and the danger perhaps not great for the present; yet those drunken bouts being repeated; the relics do accumulate, debilitate Nature, and lay the foundation of many chronic Diseases. Nor can it be expected otherwise; but you may justly conclude from the manifest irregular actions which appear to us externally, that the functions within also, and their motions are strangely disordered: for, the outward madness and unwonted actions, proceed from the internal impulses, and disordered motions of the faculties: which general disturbance and discomposure (being frequent) must needs subvert the oeconomy and government of humance Nature; and consequently ruin the Fabric of man's body.  
The ill effects, and more eminent products of ebriety, are; first, A changing of the natural tone of the Stomach, and alienating the digestive faculty; That instead of a good transmutation of food, a degenerate Chyle is produced. Common experience tells, that after a drunken debauch, the stomach loseth its appetite, and acuteness of digestion; as belching, thirst, disrelish, nauseating, do certainly testify: yet to support nature, and continue the custom of eating, some food is received; but we cannot expect from such a Stomach that a good digestion should follow: and it is some days before the Stomach recover its eucrasy, and perform its office well: and if these miscarriages happen but seldom, the injury is the less, and sooner recompensed; but by the frequent repetition of these ruinous practices, the Stomach is overthrown and alienated from its integrity.  
Secondly, An unwholesome corpulency and cachectick plenitude of body does follow: or a degenerate macilency, and a decayed consumptive 
A Cacotrophy, or Atrophy.  constitution. Great Drinkers that continue it long, few of them escape, but fall into one of these conditions and habit of body: for, if the Stomach discharge not its office aright; the subsequent digestions will also be defective. So great a consent and dependence is there upon the Stomach; that other parts cannot perform their duty, if this leading principal Part be perverted and debauched: nor can it be expected otherwise; for, from this Laboratory and prime office of digestion, all the parts must receive their supply; which being not suitable, but depraved, are drawn into debauchery also, and a degenerate state; and the whole Body fed with a vicious alimentary succus.  
Now that different products or habits of body should arise from the same kind of debauchery, happens upon this score. As there are different properties and conditions of bodies; so the result from the 
Quicquid recipitur, recipitur per modum recipi●ntis. Ax.  same procuring causes shall be much different and various: one puffs up, fills, and grows hydropical; another pines away, and falls Consumptive, from excess in drinking; and this proceeds from the different disposition of parts: for, in some persons, although the stomach be vitiated, yet the strength of the subsequent digestions is so great, from the integrity and vigour of those parts destinated to such offices; that they act strenuously, though their object matter be transmitted to them imperfect and degenerate; and therefore do keep the body plump and full, although the juices be foul, and of a depraved nature. Others è contra, whose parts are not so firm and vigorous; that will not act upon any score, but with their proper object; does not endeavour a transmutation of such alien matter, but receiving it with a nice reluctance, transmits' it to be evacuated and sent forth by the next convenient ducture, or emunctory: and from hence the body is frustrated of nutrition, and falls away: So that the pouring in of much liquor (although it be good in sua natura) does not beget much aliment, but washeth through the body, and is not assimilated.  
But here some may object and think; That washing of the body through with good Liquor, should cleanse the body, and make it fit for nourishment, and be like good Physic for a foul body. But the effect proves the contrary; and it is but reason it should be so: for, suppose the Liquor (whether Wine, or other) be pure and good; yet when the spirit is drawn off from it, the remainder is but dead, flat, thick, and a muddy phlegm. As we find in the distillation of Wine, or other Liquors; so it is in man's body: the spirit is drawn off first, and all the parts of man's body are ready Receivers, and do imbibe that limpid congenerous enlivener, freely and readily: but the remainder, of greatest proportion; that heavy, dull, phlegmy part, and of a narcotick quality; lies long fluctuating upon the digestions, and passeth but slowly; turns sour, and vitiates the Crases of the parts: So that this great inundation, and supposed washing of the body, does but drown the Faculties, stupefy or choke the Spirits, and defile all the Parts; not purify and cleanse. And although the more subtle and thinner portion, passeth away in some persons pretty freely by Urine; yet the grosser and worse part stays behind, and clogs in the percolation.  
A third injury, and common, manifest prejudice from intemperate drinking, is; An imbecility of the Nerves; which is procured from the disorderly motions of the Animal Spirits; being impulsed and agitated preternaturally by the inebriating spirits of strong Liquors: which vibration being frequent, begets a habit, and causeth a trepidation of Members.  
Transcribed verbatim out of Doctor Maynwaring's Treatise Of long Life.   

That it may not be said to be only one Doctor's Opinion, here is added another Collection against Tobacco-smoking, written by the learned Doctor George Thompson, in his Book Of Preservation of the Blood.  
ABove all, I much condemn the common abuse of Tobacco; out of which, no other symptoms, than a scorbutical Venom is accidentally sucked. Agreeable to which Judgement of mine, is that of the Legitimate Artist Doctor Maynwaring, who marks where Tobacco is much taken, the Scurvy doth most abound: I wish those who are too forward to condemn Chemical Preparations, ordered by true Philosophers, would reflect upon themselves and others, as yet ignorant of Pyrotomy, how that they are too forward in rushing into this Science; Indirectly making use of a Retort with a receiver, I mean a Pipe, and the mouth for the reduction of this Plant into Salt and Sulphur, proving not a little injurious to them. If they were conscious how subtle an enemy it is, how hardly to be dealt withal, in a moderate sense; how insinuating, tempting, deluding; how disagreeing to nature, as is manifest at first taking it, pretending an evacuation only of a superfluous moisture, when it also generates the same; how it wrongs the Ventricle, by reason of a continuity of its membrane, with that of the mouth; how it taints the nutricious Juice; how it dozes the Brain, impairing its Faculties, especially the memory: They would quickly commit this Herb to the hand of those that know what belongs to the right management and improvement thereof.  
I confess it hath a Dowry bestowed upon it, which may make it very acceptable to all ingenious Artists, for inward and outward uses; yet as the matter is handled indiscreetly, I know nothing introduced into this Nation hath discovered itself more apparently hurtful, in aggravating and graduating this scorbutical evil among us then Tobacco.  
I am not ignorant what some Object, That there are those who taking an extraordinary quantity of Tobacco, have lived a to great age, as Sixty or Seventy Years. 2. That multitudes not taking this fume, are yet notwithstanding overrun with the Scurvy. 3. That some have protested, they have received certain benefit by this Plant, when other Remedies prescribed by able Physicians have been invalid to relieve them. 4. That there are places where Man, Woman and Child, take in this Smoke, none of these sad effects appearing.  
As to the first, I answer, One Swallow makes no Summer; I reckon this among raro contingentia: I have known one very intemperate in Diet, live to the forementioned age; but doubtless had he Regulated himself according to the Rules of Mediocrity, he might have doubled that age. Innate Strength of Body doth carry a man sometimes through that, without any great damage, which destroys another.  
2. I do not affirm, that this Vegetable is the sole Co-adjuvant cause of the Scurvy, it being certain there are many Promoters thereof. Besides, yet granted that your great Compotators, Ventricolae, Gormandizers, who have as the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Lazy paunches, little else to do but to take Tobacco, to pass away the time; filling Pipe after Pipe, as fast as possible they can exhaust it, are commonly incident to this feral Malady. Hereupon this very same specific Disease may be diffused and communicated to others, by expiration or ffluvium, sent out of a Body infected therewith, so that it seems rare to me, that the Wife should be exempted from this Cacoettick Sickness, if the Husband be afflicted therewith; or the Husband be free, if the Wife be vexed: Doubtless some People's Breath doth exceedingly taint the Air, to the great annoyance of others.  
3. I condemn not medicinal appropriation and application of this Drug, for I know it to be of excellent Virtue: There is great difference, Inter dictum secundum quid & dictum simpliciter, between the censure of any thing as absolutely evil, and the indirect practice of it: Moreover, what is one man's Meat, may be another's Poison.  
4. The generality of smoking it in some places, without those ill effects we find, doth not at all frustrate my assertion: For I have observed a more moderate course of life in Diet, the goodness of the Air, with an hereditary Custom, hath in great measure balanced the nocument or inconveniences, which otherwise they would have contracted by excess thereof; neither are these numerous Tobacconists acquitted from this evil, as it appears by those frequent eruptions in the skin, whereby a greater mischief is prevented within, they being only efflorescences of a scorbutical pravity.  
There are, as I apprehend, two principal Reasons to be given, why this Weed hath captivated so many Thousands in such sort, that they become mere Slaves to it.  
One is, the seeming delight it affords in the present taking thereof, inducing a pleasing bewitching melancholy, exceedingly affecting their Fancies, so that they could wish with him in the Poet, Hic furor, o superi, sit mihi perpetuus, O that I might always thus melancholize; not considering though the Prologue be cheerful, the Epilogue is often sad; though the Spirits are as it were titillated, and charmed into a sweet complacency for a short space; yet afterward a dulness, gloominess, seizes upon them; indeed, how can it be otherwise, seeing they are but forcibly lulled into this secure placid Condition, by that which is as far remote from the Vitals, as the Beams of the Sun are from a black Cloud.  
I find in this Smoke, a stinking, retunding, condensing Opiatelike Sulphur, and an acrid Salt, profligating, extimulating, so that by the bridling much of the one, and the excessive spurring of the other; the spirits, like a free metalsome Horse, are quite tired out at last: It is impossible that the frequent insinuations of this subtle fume, making show of affinity, but quite of another tribe with the animals, should not at length (let a body be never so strong, and custom how ever prevalent) either pervert or subvert his well constituted frame.  
Another Reason (observable only by those that are true Gnostics of themselves) why Tobacco is so highly set by, and hath so many Followers; is its meretricious kisses, given to those that embrace it: oftentimes secretly wounding them mortally, yet are they not throughly sensible who gave them the stroke. I have taken notice of very temperate Persons in other things, who, for diversion, have indulged their genius, ad Hilaritatem, continuing for urbanitysake in Company they liked, longer than ordinary, have so closely pursued this pernicious Art of sucking in the smoke of this Herb, that never any Chemist was more solicitous, in greater haste to fetch his matters over the Helm by Distillation: Behold what the event was! the next morning I have heard complaints come from them, that their Brains were something stupid, dozed, their Stomach nauseous, being thirsty, also feverish: All this they attribute to their transgressing limits of Sobriety in drinking, or to the sophisticated adulterated Liquors, not finding the least fault with the extravagant use of Tobacco, which above all did them the most hurt privately: Something I can speak experimentally to this purpose, for having been wedded to it many years past, supposing I had got an Antidote against Hypochondriack melancholy with an Apophlegmatism, to discharge crude matter; I applauded it in all Company, without advertency at that time, how false and treacherous it was, which afterward perceiving, I withdrew myself from the use thereof by degrees, at length was altogether divorced from it.  
Praevisa spicula levius feriunt; Could we see the poisoned Arrows that are shot from this Plant, questionless we would endeavour to avoid them, that they might less intoxicate us.  
Latet anguis in Herba; We are suddenly surprised by this Serpentine Plant, before we are aware; thus that which we take for an Antidote, becomes mere Poison to us, supplanting and clancularly confounding the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or good government of this Republic, consisting in the strength and goodness of a seminal Archaeus, vigorous ferments, the just constitution and harmony of every part. Needs must then Indigestions, Crudities, Degeneration and Illegitimation of the nutricious juice follow, promoting Causes and products of the great Poison of the Scurvy.  
My advice therefore to any immoderate 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a Fumesucker, is, That he would, as he tenders the Salvation of Body and Soul, wean himself by degrees from excess herein; If so, doubtless he will find if the Scurvy infest him much, an abatement of the tedious symptoms therefore.  
Such as are so accustomed to Tobacco, that they cannot forbear it, let what can be said against it; So that neither the good and solid Persuasions of a great, wise, and learned King, nor the wholesome and rational Arguments of two able and skilful Physicians, will be of force to prevail with them:  
My Advice to such is, while they take it, To meditate on this Poem following, by which they may be able to make this double spiritual use of it, Viz. 

I. To see the Vanity of the World.  
II. The Mortality of Mankind.   Which, I think, is the best use can be made of it and the Pipe, etc.  

The Indian Weed withered quite,  
Green at Noon, cut down at Night;  
Shows Thy decay, all Flesh is hay:  
Thus think, then drink Tobacco.   

The Pipe that is so lily-white,  
Shows Thee to be a mortal Wight,  
And even such gone with a touch:  
Thus think, then drink Tobacco.   

And when the Smoke ascends on high,  
Think thou beholdest the Vanity  
Of worldly stuff, gone with a puff:  
Thus think, then drink Tobacco.   

And when the Pipe grows foul within,  
Think on thy Souldefiled with Sin,  
And then the Fire it doth require:  
Thus think, then drink Tobacco.   

The Ashes that are left behind  
May serve to put thee still in mind,  
That unto Dust return thou must:  
Thus think, then drink Tobacco.   
Answered by George Withers thus,  
Thus think, drink no Tobacco.   

Woe to Drunkards: A SERMON Preached many Years since By Mr. Samuel Ward, PREACHER OF IPSWICH.  PROV. 23. Verse 29, 32. 
To whom is Woe? to whom is Sorrow? to whom is Strife? etc.  
In the end it will bite like a Serpent, and sting like a Cockatrice.  

Esay 2.  SEer, art thou also blind? Watchman, art thou also drunk, or asleep? Or hath a Spirit of slumber put out thine Eyes? Up to thy Watch-Tower, what descriest thou? Ah Lord! what end or number is there of the Vanities which mine Eyes are weary of beholding? But what seest thou? I see men walking like the tops of Trees shaken with the wind, like Masts of Ships reeling on the tempestuous Seas. Drunkenness, I mean, that hateful Night-bird; which was wont to wait for the twilight, to seek Nooks and Corners, to avoid the howling and wonderment of Boys and Girls; Now as if it were some Eaglet to dare the Sun-light, to fly abroad at high Noon in every Street, in open Markets and Fairs, without fear or shame, without control or punishment, to the disgrace of the Nation, the outfacing of Magistracy and Ministry, the utter undoing (without timely prevention) of Health and Wealth, Piety and Virtue, Town and Country, Church and Commonwealth. And dost thou like a dumb Dog hold thy peace at these things, dost thou with Solomon's sluggard fold thine hands in thy Bosom, and give thyself to ease and drowsiness, while the envious man causeth the noisomest and baseth of weeds to overrun the choicest Eden of God? Up and Arise, lift up thy Voice, spare not, and cry aloud? What shall I cry? Cry, woe and woe 
Esay 5. 11, 22. Esay 28. 1. Joe▪ 1. 5. Hab 2. James 5.  again unto the Crown of pride, the Drunkards of Ephraim. Take up a parable, and tell them how it stingeth like the Cockatrice; declare unto them the deadly poison of this odious sin. Show them also the soveragin Antidote and Cure of it, in the Cup that was drunk off by him, that was able to overcome it: Cause them to behold the brazen Serpent, and be healed. And what though some of these deaf Adders will not be charmed nor cured, yea though few or none of this swinish herd of habitual Drunkards, accustomed to wallow in their mire; yea, deeply and irrecoverably plunged by legions of Devils into the dead sea of their filthiness; what if not one of them will be washed, and made clean, but turn again to their Vomit, and trample the Pearls of all admonition under feet; yea, turn again, and rend their Reprovers with scoffs and scorns, making Jests and Songs on their Alebench: Yet may some young ones be deterred, and some Novices reclaimed, some Parents and Magistrates awakened to prevent and suppress the spreading of this Gangrene: And God have his work in such as belong to his Grace. And what is impossible to the work of his Grace?  
Go to then now ye Drunkards, listen not what I, or any ordinary Hedge-Priest (as you style us) but that most wise and experienced Royal Preacher hath to say unto you. And because you are a dull and thick eared Generation, he first deals with you by way of question, a figure of force and impression. To whom is woe? etc. You use to say, Woe be to Hypocrites. It's true, woe be to such and all other witting and willing sinners; but there are no kind of Offenders 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Basil.  on whom woe doth so palpably inevitably attend as to you Drunkards. You promise yourselves Mirth, Pleasure, and Jollity in your Cups; but for one drop of your mad mirth, be sure of Gallons, and Tuns of Woe, Gall, Wormwood, and bitterness here and hereafter. Other Sinners shall taste of the Cup, but you shall drink off the dregs of God's Wrath and Displeasure. To whom is Strife: You talk of good fellowship and friendship, but Wine is a rager and tumultuous makebate, and sets you a quarrelling, and meddling. When wit's out of the head and strength out of the body, it thrusts even Cowards and Dastards, unfenced and unarmed, into needless Frays and Combats. And then to whom are Wounds, broken Heads, blue Eyes, maimed Limbs? You have a drunken byword, Drunkards take no harm; but how many are the mishaps and untimely misfortunes that betid such, which though they feel not in drink, they carry as marks and brands to their Grave. You pretend you drink Healths, and for Health; but to whom are all kind of Diseases, Infirmities, Deformities, pearled Faces, Palsies, Dropsies, headaches? If not to Drunkards.  
Upon these premises, he forcibly infers his sober and serious advice. Look upon these woeful effects and evils of Drunkenness, and look not upon the Wine; look upon the blue Wounds, upon the red Eyes it causeth, and look not on the red colour when it sparkleth in the Cup. If there were no worse than these, yet would no wise man be overtaken with Wine: As if he should say, What see you in the Cup or Drink, that countervaileth these dregs that lie in the bottom. Behold, this is the Sugar you are to look for, and the tang it leaves behind. Woe and alas, sorrow and strife, shame, poverty and diseases; these are enough to make it odious, but that which followeth withal, will make it hideous and fearful. For Solomon duly considering that he speaks to men past shame and 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A chari●o chena●hash, veche Siphgnoni i●phresh; novissimo tanquam Scrpens morde●i●, & tanq●●●●● regulus punget Montanus & Mercerus; tanquam haemorrhois vel dipsas, Tremelius.  grace, senseless of blows, and therefore much more of reasons and words, insisteth not upon these petty woes; which they, bewitched and besotted with the love of Wine, will easily oversee and overleap: but sets before their Eyes the direful end and fruit, the black and poysonful tail of this sin. In the end it stingeth like the Serpent, it biteth like the Cockatrice, (or Adder) saith our new Translation.  
All Interpreters agree, That he means some most virulent Serpent, whose Poison is present and deadly. All the woes he hath mentioned before, were but as the sting of some Emmet, Wasp, or Nettle, in comparison of this Cockatrice which is even unto death; death speedy, death painful, and woeful death, and that as naturally and inevitably, as Opium procureth sleep, as Hellebore purgeth, or any Poison killeth.  
Three forked is this sting, and threefold is the death it procureth to all that are strung therewith. The first is, the death of Grace; The second is, of the Body: The third is, of Soul and Body eternal. All sin is the poison wherewithal the old Serpent and red Dragon envenomes the soul óf Man, but no sin (except it be that which is unto death) so mortal as this, which though not ever unpardonably, yet for the most part is also irrecoverably and inevitably unto death. Seest thou one bitten with any other Snake, there is hope and help: as the Father said of his Son, when he had information of his Gaming, of his Prodigality, yea, of his Whoring: But when he heard that he was poisoned with Drunkenness, he gave him for dead, his case for desperate and forlorn. Age and experience often cures the other; but this increaseth with years, and parteth not till death. Whoring is a deep Ditch, yet some few shall a man see return and lay hold on the ways of life, one of a thousand, but scarce one Drunkard of ten-thousand. One Ambrose mentions, and one have I known; and but one of all that ever I knew or heard of. Often have I been asked, and often have I enquired, but never could meet with an instance, save one or two at the most. I speak of Drunkards, not of one drunken; of such who rarely and casually have Noah-like been surprised, over-taken at unawares: But if once a Custom, ever Necessity. Wine takes away the Heart, and spoils the Brain, overthrows the Faculties and Organs of Repentance and Resolution. And is it not just with God, that he who will put out his natural light, should have his spiritual extinguished? He that will deprive himself of Reason, should lose also the Guide and Pilot of Reason, God's Spirit and Grace: He that will wittingly and willingly make himself an Habitation of Unclean Spirits, should not dispossess them at his own pleasure? Most aptly therefore is it translated by Tremelius Haemorrhois, which Gesner confounds with the Dipsas, or thirsty Serpent, whose poison breedeth such thirst, drought, and inflammation; like that of Ratsbane, that they never leave drinking, till they burst and die withal. Would it not grieve and pity, any Christian-soul, to see a towardly hopeful young man, well natured, well nurtured, stung with this Cockatrice, bewailing his own case, crying out against the baseness of the sin, inveighing against Company, melting under the persuasions of Friends; yea, protesting against all enticements, vow, covenant, and seriously indent with himself and his Friends for the relinquishing of it. And yet if he meet with a Companion that holds but up his Finger, he follows him as a Fool to the Stocks, and as an Ox to the Slaughter-house, having no Power to withstand the Temptation; but in he goes with him to the Tippling-house, not considering that the Chambers are the Chambers of Death, and the Guests, the Guests of Death; and there he continues as one bewitched, or conjured in a Spell; out of which he returns not, till he hath emptied his Purse of Money, his Head of Reason, and his Heart of all his former seeming Grace. There his Eyes behold the strange Woman, his Heart speaketh perverse things, becoming heartless, as one (saith Solomon) in the heart of the Sea, resolving to continue, and return to his Vomit, whatsoever it cost him, to make it his daily work. I was sick, and knew it not: I was struck, and felt it not; when I awake, I will seek it still. And why indeed (without a Miracle) should any expect that one stung with this Viper should shake it off, and ever recover of it again. Yea, so far are they from recovering themselves, that they infect and become contagious and pestilent to all they come near. The Dragon infusing his Venom, and assimulating his Elves to himself in no sin so much as in this, that it becomes as good as Meat and Drink to them, to spend their Wit and Money to compass Alehouse after Alehouse; yea, Town after Town, to transform others with their Circean-Cups, till they have made them Bruits and Swine, worse than themselves. The Adulterer and Usurer desire to enjoy their Sin alone; but the chiefest pastime of a Drunkard is to heat and overcome others with Wine, that he may discover their nakedness and glory in their foil and folly. In a word, excess of Wine, and the spirit of Grace are opposites; the former expels the latter out of the Heart, as smoke doth Bees out of the Hive: and makes the man a mere Slave and Prey to Satan and his snares; when, by this Poison, he hath put out his Eyes, and spoilt him of his strength, he useth him as the Philistines did Samson, leads him in a string whither he pleaseth, like a very drudge, scorn, and makesport to himself and his Imps; makes him grind in the Mill of all kind of Sins and Vices. And that I take to be the reason why Drunkenness is not specially prohibited in any one of the Ten Commandments, because it is not the single breach of any one, but in effect the violation of all and every one: It is no one sin, but all sins, because it is the Inlet and Sluice to all other Sins. The Devil having moistened, and steeped him in his Liquor; shapes him like soft Clay, into what mould he pleaseth: having shaken off his Rudder and Pilot, dashes his Soul upon what Rocks, Sands, and Syrts he listeth, and that with as much ease as a man may push down his Body with the least thrust of his Hand or Finger. He that in his right wits, and sober mood, seems religious, modest, chaste, courteous, secret; in his drunken fits, swears, blasphemes, rages, strikes, talks filthily, blabs all secrets, commits folly, knows no difference of Persons or Sexes, becomes wholly at Satan's command, as a dead Organ, to be enacted at his will and pleasure. Oh that God would be pleased to open the Eyes of some Drunkard, to see what a Dunghill and Carrion his Soul becomes, and how loathsome effects follow upon thy spiritual death, and sting of this Cockatrice, which is the Fountain of the other two following, temporal and eternal death!  
And well may it be, that some such as are altogether fearless and careless of the former death, will yet tremble, and be moved with that which I shall in the second place tell them. Among all other sins that are, none brings forth bodily death so frequently as this, none so ordinarily slays in the act of sin as this. And what can be more horrible then to die in the act of a Sin, without the act of Repentance? I pronounce no definitive Sentence of Damnation upon any particular so dying, but what door of hope or comfort is left to their Friends behind of their Salvation? The Whoremaster he hopes to have a space and time to repent in age, though sometimes it pleaseth God that death strikes Cozbi and Zimri napping, as the Devil is said to slay one of the Popes in the instant of his Adultery, and carry him quick to Hell. The Swearer and Blasphemer hath commonly space, though seldom Grace, to repent and amend: and some rare examples stories afford, of some taken with Oaths and Blasphemies in their mouths. The Thief and Oppossor may live, and repent, and make restitution, as Zacheus: though I have seen one slain right-out with the Timber he stole half an hour before; and heard of one that having stolen a Sheep, and laying it down upon a stone to rest him, was grinned and hanged with the struggling of it about his Neck. But these are extraordinary and rare cases: God sometimes practising Marshal-Law, and doing present execution, lest Fools shall say in their Hearts, There were no God, or Judgement: but conniving and deferring the most, that men might expect a Judge coming, and a solemn day of Judgement to come. But this sin of Drunkenness is so odious to him, that he makes itself Justice, Judge and Executioner, slaying the ungodly with misfortune, bringing them to untimely shameful ends, in brutish and beastial manner, often in their own vomit and ordure; sending them sottish, sleeping, and senseless to Hell, not leaving them either time, or reason, or grace to repent, and cry so much as Lord have mercy upon us. Were there (as in some Cities of Italy) an Office kept, or a Record and Register by every Coroner in Shires and Counties, of such dismal events which God hath avenged this sin withal, what a Volume would it have made within these few years in this our Nation? How terrible a Threater of God's Judgements against Drunkards, such as might make their Hearts to bleed and relent, if not their Ears to tingle, to hear of a taste of some few such noted and remarkable Examples of God's Justice, as have come within the compass of mine own notice, and certain knowledge; I think I should offend to conceal them from the World, whom they may happily keep from being the like to others, themselves.  
An Alewife in Kesgrave, near to Ipswich, who would needs force three Servingmen (that had been drinking in her House, and were taking their leaves) to stay and drink the three out'ts first, that is, Wit out of the Head, Money out of the Purse, Ale out of the Pot; as she was coming towards them with the Pot in her hand, was suddenly taken speechless and sick, her Tongue swollen in her mouth, never recovered speech, the third day after died. This Sir Anthony Felton, the next Gentleman and Justice, with divers others Eye-witnesses of her in Sickness related to me; whereupon I went to the House with two or three Witnesses, and inquired the truth of it.  
Two Servants of a Brewer in Ipswich, drinking for a rump of a Turkey, struggling in their drink for it, fell into a scading Cauldron backwards: whereof the one died presently, the other lingeringly and painfully since my coming to Ipswich.  
Anno 1619. A Miller in Bromeswell, coming home drunk from Woodbridge (as he oft did) would needs go and swim in the Milpond: his Wife and Servants knowing he could not swim, dissuaded him, once by entreaty got him out of the water, but in he would needs go again, and there was drowned: I was at the house to inquire of this, and found it to be true.  
In Barnewell, near to Cambridge, one at the Sign of the Plough, a lusty young man, with two of his Neighbours, and one Woman in their Company, agreed to drink a Barrel of strong Beer; they drank up the Vessel, three of them died within twenty four hours, the fourth hardly escaped after great sickness. This I have under a Justice of Peace his Hand near dwelling, besides the common fame.  
A Butcher in Hastingfield hearing the Minister inveigh against Drunkenness, being at his Cups in the Alehouse, fell a jesting and scoffing at the Minister and his Sermons: And as he was drinking, the Drink, or something in the Cup, quackled him, stuck so in his Throat, that he could get it neither up nor down, but strangled him presently.  
At Tillingham in Dengy Hundred in Essex, three young men meeting to drink Strong waters, fell by degrees to half-pints: One fell dead in the Room, and the other prevented by Company coming in, escaped not without much sickness.  
At Bungey in Norfolk, three coming out of an Alehouse in a very dark Evening, swore, they thought it was not darker in Hell itself: One of them fell off the Bridge into the water, and was drowned; the second fell off his Horse, the third sleeping on the Ground by the Riversside, was frozen to death: This have I often heard, but have no certain ground for the truth of it it.  
A Bailiff of Hadly, upon the Lordsday, being drunk at Melford, would needs get upon his Mare, to ride through the Street, affirming (as the Report goes) That 〈◊〉 Mare would carry him to the Devil; His Mare casts him off, and broke his Neck instantly. Reported by sundry sufficient Witnesses.  
Company drinking in an Alehouse at Harwich in the night, over against one Master russel's, and by him out of his Window once or twice willed to depart; at length he came down, and took one of them, and made as if he would carry him to Prison, who drawing his Knife, fled from him, and was three days after taken out of the Sea with the Knife in his hand. Related to me by Master Russel himself, Mayor of the Town.  
At Tenby in Pembrokeshire, a Drunkard being exceeding drunk, broke himself all to pieces off an high and steep Rock, in a most fearful manner; and yet the occasion and circumstances of his fall were so ridiculous, as I think not fit to relate, lest, in so serious a Judgement, I should move laughter to the Reader.  
A Glazier in Chancery-Lane in London▪ noted formerly for Profession, fell to a common course of drinking, whereof being oft by his Wife and many Christian friends admonished, yet presuming much of God's mercy to himself, continued therein, till, upon a time, having surcharged his Stomach with drink, he fell a vomiting, broke a Vein, lay two days in extreme pain of Body, and distress of Mind, till in the end recovering a little comfort, he died: Both these Examples related to me by a Gentleman of worth upon his own knowledge.  
Four sundry instances of Drunkards wallowing and tumbling in their drink, slain by Carts; I forbear to mention, because such examples are so common and ordinary.  
A Yeoman's Son in Northamptonshire, who being drunk at Wellingborough on a Market-day, would needs ride his Horse in a bravery over the plowed-lands, fell from his Horse, and broke his Neck: Reported to me by a Kinsman of his own.  
A Knight notoriously given to Drunkenness, carrying sometime Payls of drink into the open Field, to make people drunk withal; being upon a time drinking with Company, a woman comes in, delivering him a Ring with this Posy, Drink and die; saying to him, This is for you; which he took and wore, and within a week after came to his end by drinking: Reported by sundry, and justified by a Minister dwelling within a mile of the place.  
Two Examples have I known of Children that murdered their own Mothers in drink; and one notorious Drunkard that attempted to kill his Father; of which being hindered, he fired his Barn, and was afterward executed: one of these formerly in Print.  
At a Tavern in Breadstreet in London, certain Gentlemen drinking Healths to their Lords, on whom they had dependence; one desperate Wretch steps to the Tables end, lays hold on a pottle-pot full of Canary-sack, swears a deep Oath; What will none here drink a health to my noble Lord and Master? and so setting the pottle-pot to his mouth, drinks it off to the bottom; was not able to rise up, or to speak when he had done, but fell into a deep snoring sleep, and being removed, laid aside, and covered by one of the Servants of the House, attending the time of the drinking, was within the space of two hours irrecoverably dead: Witnessed at the time of the Printing hereof by the same Servant that stood by him in the Act, and helped to remove him.  
In Dengy Hundred, near Mauldon, about the beginning of his Majesty's Reign, there fell out an extraordinary Judgement upon five or six that plotted a solemn drinking at one of their Houses, laid in Beer for the once, drunk healths in a strange manner, and died thereof within a few weeks, some sooner, and some later: witnessed to me by one that was with one of them on his deathbed, to demand a Debt, and often spoken of by Master Heydon, late Preacher of Mauldon, in the hearing of many: The particular circumstances were exceeding remarkable, but having not sufficient proof for the particulars, I will not report them.  
One of Ayl●sham in Norfolk, a notorious Drunkard, drowned in a shallow Brook of water, with his Horse by him.  
Whilst this was at the Press, a man Eighty five years old, or thereabout, in Suffolk, overtaken with Wine, (though never in all his life before, as he himself said a little before his fall, seeming to bewail his present condition, and others that knew him so say of him) yet going down a pair of stairs (against the persuasion of a woman sitting by him in his Chamber) fell, and was so dangerously hurt, as he died soon after, not being able to speak from the time of his fall to his death.  
The Names of the Parties thus punished, I forbear for the Kindred's sake yet living.  
If conscionable Ministers of all places of the Land would give notice of such Judgements, as come within the compass of their certain knowledge, it might be a great means to suppress this Sin, which reigns every where to the scandal of our Nation, and high displeasure of Almighty God.  
These may suffice for a taste of God's Judgements: Easie were it to abound in sundry particular Casualties, and fearful Examples of this nature. Drunkard, that which hath befallen any one of these, may befall thee, if thou wilt dally with this Cockatrice; what ever leagues thou makest with Death, and dispensations thou givest thyself from the like. Some of these were young, some were rich, some thought themselves as wise thou; none of them ever looked for such ignominious ends, more than thou, who ever thou art: if thou hatest such ends, God give thee Grace to decline such courses.  
If thou be'st yet insensate with Wine, void of Wit and Fear, I know not what further to mind thee of, but of that third, and worst sting of all the rest, which will ever be gnawing, and never dying: which if thou wilt not fear here; sure thou art to feel there, when the Red Dragon hath gotten thee into his Den, and shalt fill thy Soul with the gall of Scorpions, where thou shalt yell and howl for a drop of water to cool thy Tongue withal, and shalt be denied so small a refreshing, and have no other liquor to allay thy thirst, but that which the lake of Brimstone shall afford thee. And that worthily, for that thou▪ wouldst incur the wrath of the Lamb for so base and sordid a sin as Drunkenness, of which thou mayest think as venially and slightly as thou wilt. But Paul that knew the danger 
1 Cor. 6. 10.  of it, gives thee fair warning, and bids thee not deceive thyself, expressly, and by name mentioning it among the mortal sins, excluding from the Kingdom of Heaven. And the Prophet Esay 
Esay 5. 14.  tells thee, That for it Hell hath enlarged itself, opened its mouth wide, and without measure; and therefore shall the multitude and their pomp, and the jollyest among them descend into it. Consider this, you that are strong to pour in drink, that love to drink sorrow and care away: And be you well assured, that there you shall drink enough for all, having for every drop of your former Bousing, Vials, yea, whole Seas of God's Wrath, never to be exhausted.  
Now than I appeal from yourselves in drink, to yourselves in your sober fits. Reason a little the case, and tell me calmly, would you for your own, or any man's pleasure, to gratify Friend or Companion, if you knew there had been a Toad in the wine-pot (as twice I have known happened to the death of Drinkers) or did you think that some Caesar Borgia, or Brasutus had tempered the Cup; or did you see but a Spider in the Glass, would you, or durst you carouse it off? And are you so simple to fear the Poison that can kill the Body, and not that which killeth the Soul and Body ever; yea, for ever and ever, and if it were possible for more than for ever, for evermore? Oh thou vain Fellow, what tellest thou me of friendship, or good fellowship, wilt thou account him thy Friend, or good Fellow, that draws thee into his company, that he may poison thee? and never thinks he hath given thee right entertainment, or showed thee kindness enough, till he hath killed thy Soul with his kindness, and with Beer made thy Body a Carcase fit for the Bier, a laughing and loathing stock, not to Boys and Girls alone, but to Men and Angels. Why rather sayest thou not to such, What have I to do with you, ye Sons of Belial, ye poysonful Generation of Vipers, that hunt for the precious life of a man? Oh but there are few good Wits, or great Spirits now a-days, but will Pot it a little for company. What hear I? Oh base and low-spirited times, if that were true! If we were fallen into such Lees of Time foretold of by Seneca, in which all were so drowned in the dregs of Vices, that it should be virtue and honour to bear most drink. But thanks be to God, who hath reserved many thousands of men, and without all comparison more witty and valorous than such Pot-wits, and Spirits of the Buttery, who never bared their knees to drink health, nor ever needed to whet their Wits with Wine; or arm their courage with Pot-harness. And if it were so, yet if no such Wits or Spirits shall ever enter into Heaven without Repentance, let my Spirit never come and enter into their Paradise; ever abhor to partake of their brutish pleasures, lest I partake of their endless woes. If young Cyrus could refuse to drink Wine, and tell Astyages, He thought it to be Poison, for he saw it metamorphose men into Beasts and Carcases: what would he have said, if he had known that which we may know, that the wine of 
Deut. 32. 32.  Drunkards is the wine of Sodom and Gomorrah; their grapes, the grapes of gall, their clusters, the clusters of bitterness, the Juice of Dragons, and the venom of Asps. In which words, Moses is a full Commentary upon Solomon, largely expressing that he speaks here more briefly; It stings like the Serpent, and bites like the Cockatrice: To the which I may not unfitly add that of Paul's, and think I ought to write of such with more passion and compassion, than he did of the Christians in his time, which sure were not such Monsters as ours in the shapes of Christians, Whose God is their Belly, (whom they serve with Drink-Offerings) whose glory is their shame, and whose end is damnation.  
What then, take we pleasure in thundering out Hell against Drunkards? is there nothing but death and damnation to Drunkards? Nothing else to them, so continuing, so dying. But what is there no help nor hope, no Amulet, Antidote or treacle, are there no Precedents found of Recovery? Ambrose, I temember, tells of one, that having been a spectacle of Drunkenness, proved after his Conversion a pattern of sobriety. And I myself must confess, that one have I known yet living, who having drunk out his bodily Eyes, had his spiritual Eyes opened, proved diligent in hearing and practising. Though the Pit be deep, miry and narrow, like that Dungeon into which Jeremy was put; yet if it please God to let down the cords of his Divine mercy, and cause the Party to lay hold thereon, it is possible they may escape the snares of death. There is even for the most debauched Drunkard that ever was, a sovereign Medicine, a rich treacle, of force enough to cure and recover his Disease, to obtain his Pardon, and to furnish him with strength to overcome this deadly Poison, fatal to the most: And though we may well say of it, as men out of experience do of Quartane Agues, that it is the disgrace of all moral Physic, of all Reproofs, Counsels and Admonitions; yet is there a Salve for this Sore; there came one from Heaven that trod the Winepress of his Father's fierceness, drunk of a Cup tempered with the bitterness of God's Wrath, and the Devil's Malice, that he might heal even such as have drunk deepest of the sweet Cup of Sin. And let all such know, that in all the former discovery of this Poison, I have only aimed to cause them feel their sting, and that they might with earnest Eyes behold the Brazen Serpent, and seriously repair to him for Mercy and Grace, who is perfectly able to eject even this kind, which so rarely and hardly is thrown out where once he gets possession. This Seed of the Woman is able to bruise this Serpent's head. Oh that they would listen to the gracious offers of Christ! if once there be wrought in thy Soul a spiritual thirst after mercy, as the thirsty Land hath after rain, a longing appetite after the water that comes out of the Rock, after the Blood that was shed for thee; then let him that is athirst come, let him drink of the water of life without any money; of which if thou hast took but one true and thorough draught, thou wilt never long after thy old puddle waters of Sin any more. Easie will it be for thee after thou hast tasted of the Bread and Wine in thy Father's House, ever to loathe the Husks and Swill thou wert wont to follow after with greediness. The Lord Christ will bring thee into his Mother's House, cause thee to drink of his spiced Wine, of the new Wine of the Pomegranate: Yea, he will bring thee into his Cellar, spread his Banner of Love over thee, stay thee with flagons, fill thee with his love, till thou be'st sick and overcome with the sweetness of his Consolations. In other Drink there is excess, but here can be no danger. The Devil hath his invitation, Come, let us drink; and Christ hath his inebriamini, Be ye filled with the Spirit. Here is a Fountain set open, and Proclamation made. And if it were possible for the bruitishest Drunkard in the World to know who it is that offereth, and what kind of water he offereth; he would ask, and God would give it frankly without money; he should drink liberally, be satisfied, and out of his Belly should sally Springs of the water of Life, quenching and extinguishing all his inordinate longings ofter stolen water of Sin and Death.  
All this while, little hope have I to work upon many Drunkards, especially by a Sermon read (of less life and force in God's Ordinance, and in its own nature, then preached,) my first drift is, to stir up the Spirits of Parents and Masters, who in all Places complain of this evil, robbing them of good Servants, and dutiful Children, by all care and industry to prevent it in their Domestical Education, by carrying a watchful and restraining hand over them. Parents, if you love either Soul or Body, thrift or piety, look to keep them from this Infection. Lay all the bars of your authority, cautions, threats and charges for the avoiding of this epidemical Pestilence. If any of them be bitten of this Cockatrice, sleep not, rest not, till you have cured them of it; if you love their Health, Husbandry, Grace, their present or future lives. Dead are they while they live, if they live in this Sin. Mothers, lay about you as Bathsheba, with all entreaties, What my Son, my Son of my loves and delights, Wine is not for you, etc.  
My next hope is, to arouse and awaken the vigilancy of all faithful Pastors and Teachers. I speak not to such Stars as this Dragon hath swept down from Heaven with its tail: for of such the Prophets, the Fathers of the Primitive, yea, all Ages complain of. I hate and abhor to mention this abomination: to alter the Proverb, As drunk as a Beggar, to a Gentleman is odious; but to a Man of God, to an Angel, how harsh and hellish a sound it is in a Christians ears? I speak therefore to sober Watchmen, Watch, and be sober, and labour to keep your Charges sober and watchful, that they may be so found of him, that comes like a Thief in the night. Two means have you of great virtue for the quelling of this Serpent, zealous Preaching and Praying against it. It's an old received Antidote, that man's spittle, especially fasting spittle, is mortal to Serpents. Saint Donatus is famous in story for spitting upon a Dragon, that kept an Highway, and devoured many Passengers. This have I made good Observation of, That where God hath raised up zealous Preachers, in such Towns this Serpent hath no nestling▪ no stabling or denning. If this will not do, Augustine enforceth another, which I conceive God's and Man's Laws allow us upon the reason he gives: If Paul (saith he) forbid to eat with such our common Bread, in our own private Houses, how much more the Lord's Body in Church-Assemblies: If in our Times, this were strictly observed, the Serpent would soon languish and vanish. In the time of an Epidemical Disease, such as the Sweeting or Neezing Sickness, a wise Physician would leave the study of all other Diseases, to find out the Cure of the present raging Evil. If chrysostom were now alive, the bent of all his Homilies, or at least one part of them, should be spent to cry drown Drunkenness, as he did swearing in Antioch: never desisting to reprove it, till (if not the fear of God, yet) his imporunity made them weary of the sin.  
Such Anakims and Zanzummims, as the spiritual Sword will not work upon, I turn them over to the Secular Arm, with a signification of the dangerous and contagious spreading of this poison in the Veins and Bowels of the Commonwealth. In the Church and Christ his name also, entreating them to carry a more vigilant Eye over the Dens and Burrows of this Cockatrice, superfluous, blind, and Clandestine Alehouses I mean, the very Pest-houses of the Nation? which I could wish had all for their sign, a picture of some hideous Serpent, or a pair of them, as the best Hieroglyphic of the genius of the place, to warn Passengers to shun and avoid the danger of them. Who sees and knows not, that some one needless Alehouse in a Countrey-Town, undoes all the rest of the Houses in it, eating up the thrift and fruit of their Labours; the ill manner of sundry places, being there to meet in some one Night of the Week, and spend what they they have gathered and spared all the days of the same before, to the prejudice of their poor Wives and Children at home; and upon the Lord's day (after Evening Prayers) there to quench and drown all the good Lessons they have heard that day at Church. If this go on, what shall become of us in time? If woe be to single Drunkards, is not a National woe to be feared and expected of a Nation overrun with Drunkenness? Had we no other Sin reigning but this (which cannot reign alone) will not God justly spew us out of his mouth for this alone? We read of whole Country's wasted, dispeopled by Serpents. Pliny tells us of the Amyclae, Lycophron of Salamis▪ Herodotus of the Neuri, utterly depopulate and made unhabitable by them. Verily, if these Cockatrices multiply and get head amongst us a while longer, as they have of late begun, where shall the people have sober Servants to till their Lands, or Children to hold and enjoy them. They speak of draining Fens; but if this Evil be not stopped, we shall all shortly be drowned with it. I wish the Magistracy, Gentry, and Yeomanry, would take it to serious consideration, how to deal with this Serpent, before he grow too strong and fierce for them. It is past the egg already, and much at that pass, of which Augustine complains of in his time, that he scarce knew what remedy to advise, but thought it required the meeting of a general Council. The best course I think of, is, if the great Persons would first begin through Reformation in their own Families, banish the spirits of their Butteries, abandon that foolish and vicious Custom, as Ambrose and Basil calls it, of drinking Healths, and making that a Sacrifice to God for the health of others, which is rather a Sacrifice to the Devil, and a bane of their own. I remember well Sigismond the Emperor's grave Answer, wherein there concurred excellent Wisdom and Wit (seldom meeting in one saying) which he gave before the Council of Constance, to such as proposed a Reformation of the Church to begin with the Franciscans and Minorites. You will never do any good (saith he) unless you begin with the Majorites first. Sure, till it be out of fashion and grace in gentlemen's Tables, Butteries and Cellars, hardly▪ shall you persuade the Countryman to lay it down, who, as in Fashions, so in Vices, will ever be the Ape of the Gentry.  
If this help not, I shall then conclude it to be such an Evil as is only by Sovereign Power, and the King's Hand curable. And verily next under the word of God, which is Omnipotent, how potent and wonderworking is the Word of a King? when both meet as the Sun, and some good Star in a benign Conjunction; what Enemy shall stand before the Sword of God and Gideon? what Vice so predominant which these subdue not? If the Lion roar, what Beast of the Forest shall not tremble and hide their head? have we not a noble experiment hereof yet fresh in our memory, and worthy never to die, in the timely and speedy suppression of that impudent abomination of women's mannish habit, threatening the confusion of Sexes, and ruin of Modesty? The same Royal Hand, and care the Church and Commonwealth implores for the vanquishing of this Poison, no less pernicious, more spreading and prevailing. Take us these little Foxes was wont to be the suit of the Church, for they gnabble our Grapes, and hurt our tender Branches: but now it is become more serious. Take us these Serpents, lest they destroy our Vines, Vinedressers, Vineyards and all: This hath ever been Royal Game. How famous in the story of Diodorus Siculus, is the Royal munificence of Ptolemy King of Egypt, for provision of Nets, and maintenance of Huntsmen, for the taking and destroying of Serpents, noxious and noisome to his Country. The like of Philip in Aristotle, and of Attilius Regulus in Aulus Gellius. The Emblem mentioned at large by Plutarch, engraven on Hercules Shield; what is it but a Symbol of the Divine honour due to Princes following their Herculean labours, in subduing the like Hidra's, too mighty for any inferior person to take in hand? It is their honour to tread upon Basilisks, and trample Dragons under their Feet, Solomon thinks it not unworthy his Pen to discourse their danger.  
A royal and eloquent Oration is happily and worthily preserved in the large Volume of ancient Writings, with this Title, Oratio magnifici & pacifici Edgari Regis habita ad Dunstanum Archiep. Episcopos, etc. The main scope whereof is, to excite the Clergies care and devotion for the suppressing of this Vice, for the common good. Undertakers of difficult Plots promise themselves speed and effect, if once they interest the King, and make him Party. And what more generally beneficial can be devised or proposed then this, with more Honour and less Charge to be effected, if it shall please his Majesty but to make trial of the strength of his Temporal and Spiritual Arms? For the effecting of it, if this help not, what have we else remaining, but wishes and prayers to cast out this kind withal. God help us. To him I commend the success of these Labours, and the vanquishing of this Cockatrice.   

TOBACCO BATTERED, AND THE PIPES SHATTERED (About their Ears, that idly Idolise so base and barbarous a WEED: OR, At leastwise overlove so loathsome Vanity.)  
Collected out of the famous POEMS of Joshua Sylvester, Gent.  

whatever God created, first was good,  
And good for man, while man uprightly stood:  
But, falling Angels causing man to fall,  
His foul Contagion con-corrupted all  
His Fellow-Creatures for his Sin accursed,  
And for his sake transformed from the first;  
Till God and man, man's Leptie to recure,  
By Death killed Death, remaking all things pure.   

But to the Pure, not to the still Profane,  
Who Spider-like turns Blessing into Bane;  
Usurping (right-less, thank-less, need-less) here,  
In wanton, wilful, wasteful, lustful cheer,  
Earth's plenteous Crop, which God hath only given  
Unto his own (Heirs both of Earth and Heaven)  
Who only (rightly) may with Praise and Prayer,  
Enjoy th' increase of Earth, of Sea, of Air,  
Fowl, Fish and Flesh, Gems, Metals, cattle, Plants,  
And namely (that which now no Angle wants)  
Indian Tobacco, when due cause Requires,  
Not the dry Dropsy of Fantastic Squires.   

None therefore deem that I am now to learn,  
(However dim I many things discern)  
Reason and Season to distinguish fit,  
Th' use of a thing, from the abuse of it;  
Drinking, from Drunking, Saccharum cum Sacco,  
And taking of, from taking all Tobacco.   

Yet out of high Disdain and Indignation  
Of that stern Tyrant's strangest Usurpation,  
Once Demi-captive to his puffing pride,  
(As millions are too-wilful foolified)  
Needs must I band against the needless use  
Of Don Tobacco, and his foul abuse;  
Which (though in Ind it be an Herb indeed)  
In Europe is no better than a Weed,  
Which to their Idols Pagans Sacrifice,  
And Christians (here) do well-nigh Idolise:  
Which taking, Heathens to the Devils bow  
Their Bodies, Christians even their Souls do vow;  
Yet th' Heathen have, with th' ill, some good withal,  
Sith their con-native, 'tis non-natural:  
But see the nature of abounding sin,  
Which more abounding, punishment doth win;  
For knowing Servants wilful Arrogance,  
Then silly Strangers savage Ignorance,  
For what to them is Meat, land Medicinable,  
Is turned to us a Plague intolerable.   

Two smoky Engines, in this latter Age,  
(Satan's short Circuit; the more sharp his Rage)  
Have been invented by too-wanton wit,  
Or rather vented from th' infernal Pit;  
Guns and Tobacco-Pipes, with fire and smoke,  
(At least) a third part of Mankind to choke,  
(Which, happily, th'▪ Apocalypse fold-told)  
Yet of the two, we may (think I) be bold  
In some respect, to think the last the worst,  
(However, both in their effects accursed,)  
For Guns shoot from-ward, only at their foes,  
Tobacco-Pipes homeward, into their own,  
(When for the touchhole firing the wrong end  
Into ourselves the Poisons force we send;)  
Those in the Field, in brave and hostile manner,  
These, cowardly, under a covert banner;  
Those with defiance, in a threatful Terror,  
These with affiance, in a wilful Error,  
Those, (though loud-roaring, goaring-deep) quick-ridding;  
These, stilly stealing, longer Languors breeding,  
Those, full of pain (perhaps) and fell despite,  
These with false pleasure, and a seem-delight,  
(As Cats with Mice, Spiders with Flies) full rife,  
Pipe-Playing, dallying and deluding life.   

Who would not wonder in these sunny-days,  
(So bright enlightened with the Gospel's Rays)  
Whence so much smoke and deadly vapours come,  
To dim and damn so much of Christendom;  
But we must ponder too, these days are those,  
Wherein the Devil was to be let lose,  
And yawning broad-gate of that black abyss  
To be set open, whose bottom boundless is,  
That Satan, destined evermore to dwell  
In smoky Furnace of that Darksome Cell,  
In smoke and darkness might inure and train  
His own dear minions, while they here remain;  
As Roguing Gipfies tan their little Elves,  
To make them tanned and ugly like themselves.   

Then in despite, who ever dare say nay,  
Tobacconists keep on your course; you may,  
If you continue in your smoky ure,  
The better far Hell's sulphury Smoke endure;  
And herein (as in all your other evil)  
Grow nearer still, and liker to the Devil,  
Save that the Devil (if he could revoke)  
Would fly from filthy, and unhealthy Smoke;  
Wherein (cast out of Heaven for Hellish-pride)  
Unwilling he, and forced, doth abide;  
Which herein worse than he (the worst of ill)  
You long for, lust for, lie for, die for, still;  
For as the Salamander lives in fire,  
You live in smoke, and without smoke expire.   

Should it be questioned (as right well it may)  
Whether discovery of America,  
That Newfound World, have yielded to our old  
More hurt or good, till fuller answer should  
Decide the doubt, and quite determine it,  
Thus for the present might we answer fit;  
That, thereby we have (rightly understood)  
Both given and taken greater hurt than good:  
And that on both sides, both for Christians,  
It had been better, and for Indians,  
That only good men to their coast had come,  
Or that the Evil had still stayed at home;  
For, what our People have brought thence to us,  
Is like the head-piece of a Polypus,  
Wherein is (quoted by sage Plutarch's quill)  
A Pestilence great good, and great Pestilence ill.   

We had from them, first to augment our Stocks,  
Two grand Diseases, Scurvy and the Pocks;  
Then two great Cordials (for a Counterpoise)  
Gold and Tobacco; both which, many ways,  
Have done more mischief, than the former twain;  
And all together brought more loss than gain.  
But true it is, we had this trash of theirs,  
Only in barter for our broken Wares;  
Ours for the most part carried out but sin,  
And, for the most part, brought but Vengeance in;  
Their Fraight was Sloth, Lust, Avarice and Drink,  
(A burden able with the weight to sink  
The hugest Carrak; yea, those hallowed Twelve  
Spain's great Apostles even to over-whelve)  
They carried Sloth, and brought home scurvy skin;  
They carried Lust, and brought home Pox within:  
They carried Avarice, and Gold they got;  
They carried Bacchus, and Tobacco brought:  
Alas poor Indians! That, but English none,  
Could put them down in their own Trade alone!  
That none but English (more alas! more strange!)  
Could justify their pitiful exchange.   

Of all the Plants that Tellus Bosom yields,  
In Groves, Glades, Gardens, Marshes, Mountains, Fields;  
None so pernicious to man's life is known,  
As is Tobacco, saving Hemp alone,  
Betwixt which two there seems great sympathy,  
To ruinate poor Adam's Progeny;  
For in them both a strangling virtue note,  
And both of them do work upon the Throat;  
The one, within it; and without the other;  
And th' one prepareth work unto the tother:  
For there do meet (I mean at Jail and Gallows)  
More of these beastly, base Tobacco-Fellows,  
Then else to any profane Haunt do use,  
(Excepting still the Playhouse and the Stews)  
Sith 'tis their common lot (so double-choaked)  
Just bacon-like to be hanged up and smoked;  
A destiny as proper to befall  
To moral Swine, as to Swine natural.   

If there be any Herb in any place,  
Most opposite to God's good Herb of Grace,  
'Tis doubtless this; and this doth plainly prove it,  
That, for the most, most graceless men do love it;  
Or rather dote most on this withered Weed,  
Themselves as withered, in all gracious deed:  
'Tis strange to see, (and unto me a wonder)  
When the prodigious strange abuse we ponder  
Of this unruly, rusty Vegetal,  
From modern Symmists Jesus critical,  
(Carping at us, and casting in our dish  
Not Crimes, but Crumbs, as eating Flesh for Fish;)  
W' hear in this case, no Conscience-cases holier,  
But, like to like, the Devil with the Collier.   

For a Tobacconist (I dare aver)  
Is first of all a rank Idolater  
As any of the Ignatian Hierarchy;  
Next as conformed to their foppery  
Of burning daylight, and good Night at Noon,  
Setting up Candles to enlight the Sun;  
And last the Kingdom of new Babylon,  
Stands in a dark and smoky Region,  
So full of such variety of smokes,  
That therewithal, all Piety it chokes.   

For there is first of all the smoke of Ignorance,  
The smoke of Error, smoke of Arrogance,  
The smoke of Merit super-er' gatory,  
The smoke of Pardons, smoke of Purgatory,  
The smoke of censing, smoke of thurifying  
Of Images, of Satan's fury flying,  
The smoke of Stews (from smoking thence they come,  
As horrid hot, as torrid Sodom some)  
Than smoke of Powder-Treason, Pistol Knives,  
To blow up Kingdoms, and blow out King's Lives:  
And lastly too, Tobacco's smoky mists,  
Which (coming from Iberian Baalists)  
No small addition of adustion fit,  
Bring to the smoke of the unbottomed Pit  
Yerst opened, first (as openeth St. John)  
By their Abaddon and Apollyon.   

But sith they are contented to admire  
What they dislike not, if they not desire;  
(For, with good reason, may we guess that they  
Who swallow Camels, swallow Gnatlings may;)  
'Tis ground enough for us in this dispute,  
Their Vanities thus obvious to refute  
(Their Vanities, Mysterious mists of Rome,  
Which have so long besmoked Christendom.)   

And for the rest, it shall suffice to say,  
Tobacconing is but a smoky Play;  
Strong arguments against so weak a thing,  
Were needless, or unsuitable, to bring,  
In this behalf there needs no more be done,  
Sith of itself the same will vanish soon;  
T' evaporate this smoke, it is enough,  
But with a breath the same aside to puff.   

Now, my first puff, shall but repel th' ill savour  
Of Place and Persons (of debauched behaviour)  
Where 'tis most frequent; second, show I will,  
How little good it doth; third, how great ill:  
'Tis vented most in Taverns, Tipling-cotts,  
To Ruffians, Roarers, Tipsy-tosty-pots,  
Whose Custom is, between the Pipe and Pot,  
(Th'one cold and moist, th'other dry and hot;)  
To skirmish so (like Sword-and-Dagger-fight,)  
That 'tis not easy to determine right,  
Which of their Weapons hath the Conquest got  
Over their Wits, the Pipe or else the Pot;  
Yet 'tis apparent, and by proof express,  
Both stab and wound the Brain with drunkenness;  
For even the derivation of the name,  
Seems to allude, and to include the same:  
Tobacco, as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, one would say,  
To Bacchus (Cup-god) dedicated ay.   

And for conclusion of this Point, observe  
The places which to these abuses serve;  
However of themselves noisome enough,  
Are much more loathsome with the stench and stuff,  
Extracted from their Limbecket Lips and Nose,  
So that the Houses, common haunts of those,  
Are liker Hell than Heaven, for Hell hath smoke,  
Impenitent Tobacconists to choke;  
Though never dead, there shall they have their fill;  
In Heaven is none, but Light and Glory still.   

Next, multitudes them daily, hourly, drawn  
In this black Sea of smoke, tossed up and down  
In this vast Ocean, of such latitude,  
That Europe only cannot it include;  
But out it rushes, overruns the whole,  
And reaches well-nigh round, from Pole to Pole  
Among the Moors, Turks, Tartars, Persians,  
And other Ethnics full of Ignorance  
Of God and good; and, if we shall look home,  
To view (and rue) the State of Christendom;  
Upon this Point, we may this Riddle bring;  
The Subject hath more Subjects than the King:  
For Don Tocacco hath an ampler Reign,  
Than Don Philippo, the great King of Spain,  
(In whose Dominions, for the most it grows,)  
Nay, shall I say (O horror to suppose!)  
Heathenish Tobacco (almost every where)  
In Christendom (Christ's outward Kingdom here)  
Hath more Disciples than Christ hath, I fear,  
More Suits, more Service (Bodies, Souls, and good)  
Than Christ that bought us with his precious Blood:  
O great Tobacco, greater than great Can,  
Great Turk, great Tartar, or great Tamerlan!  
With Praetors Wings thou hast (and swifter yet  
Than an Hungarian Ague, English Sweat)  
Through all degrees flown, far, nigh, up and down,  
From Court to Cart, from Count to Country-Clown;  
Not scorning Scullions, Cobblers, Colliers,  
Jakes-farmers, Fiddlers, Ostlers, Oysterers,  
Rogues, Gipsies, Players, Panders, Punks, and all,  
What common Scums in Common-Sewers fall;  
For all as Vassals at thy beck are bend,  
And breath by thee, as their new Element:  
Which well may prove thy Monarchy the greater,  
Yet prove not thee to be a whit the better;  
But rather worse, for Hell's wide-open road  
Is easiest found, and by the most still trod,  
Which, even the Heathen had the Light to know,  
By Arguments, as many times they show.   

Here may we also gather (for a need)  
Whether Tobacco be a Herb or Weed;  
And whether the excessive use be fit,  
Or good or bad, by those that favour it;  
Weeds, wild and wicked, mostly entertain it;  
Herbs, wholesome Herbs, and holy minds disdain it.  
If then Tobacconing be good, how is't,  
That lewdest, losest, basest, foolishest;  
The most unthrifty, most intemperate,  
Most vicious, most debauched, most desperate,  
Pursue it most: The wisest, and the best,  
Abhor it, eat it, flee it as the Pest,  
Or piercing poison of a Dracons' whisk,  
Or deadly eye▪ shot of a Basilisk.   

If Wisdom balk it, must it not be folly?  
If Virtue hate it, is it not unholy?  
If men of worth, and minds right generous,  
Discard it, scorn it, is't not scandalous?  
And (to conclude) is it not, to the Devil,  
Most pleasing▪ pleasing so (most) the most evil?   

My second puff, is proof, how little good  
This smoke hath done (that ever hear I could:)  
For first, there's none that takes Tobacco most,  
Most usually, most earnestly, can boast,  
That the excessive and continual use  
Of this dry-suck-at ever did produce  
Him any good, civil or natural,  
Or moral good, or artificial;  
Unless perhaps, they will allege, it draws  
Away the ill, which still itself doth cause;  
Which course (methinks) I cannot liken better,  
Then to a Usurers kindness to his Debtor;  
Who under show of lending, still subtracts  
The Debtors own, and then his own exacts,  
Till, at the last, he utterly confound him,  
Or leave him worse, and weaker than he found him.   

Next, if the Custom of Tobacconing  
Yield th' Users any good in any thing,  
Either they have it, or they hope it pressed,  
(By proof and practice, taking still the best:)  
For, none but Fools will them to ought beslave,  
Whence benefit they neither hope nor have.   

Therefore yet farther (as a Questionist)  
I must inquire of my Tobacconist,  
Why if a Christian (as some sometimes seem)  
Believing God, waiting all good from him;  
And unto him all good again referring,  
Why (to eschew th' Ungodly's graceless erring)  
Why pray they not not? why praise they not his name  
For hoped good, and good had by this same?  
As all men do, or aught to do for all,  
The gifts and goods that from his goodness fall;  
Is't not, because they neithe●●ope nor have,  
Good (hence) to thank God for, nor farther crave:  
But as they had it from the Heathen first,  
So heathenishly they use it still accursed;  
And (as some jest of Jisters) this is more,  
Ungodly meat, both after and before.   

Lastly, if all delights of all Mankind  
Be vanity, vexation of the Mind,  
All under Sun, must not Tobacco be,  
Of Vanities, the vainest Vanity?  
If Solomon, the wisest earthly Prince  
That ever was before, or hath been since;  
Knowing all Plants, and then perusing all,  
From Cedar to the Hyssop on the— Wall;  
In none of all professeth, that— he sound  
A firm Content, or Consolation found:  
Can we suppose, that any shallowing,  
Can find much good in oft Tobacconing?   

My third and last Puff points at the great evil,  
This noisome Vapour works (through wily Devil)  
If we may judge; if knowledge may be had,  
By their effects, how things be good or bad:  
Doubtless, th' effects of this pernicious Weed  
Be many bad, scarce any good indeed;  
Nor doth a man scarce any good contain,  
But of this Evil justly may complain;  
As thereby made in every part the worse,  
In Body, Soul, in Credit, and in Purse.    

A Broadside AGAINST COFFEE: OR, THE Marriage of the Turk.  

COFFEE, a kind of Turkish Renegade,  
Has late a match with Christian water made;  
At first between them happened a Demur,  
Yet joined they were, but not without great stir;  
For both so cold were, and so faintly meet,  
The Turkish Hymen in his Turban sweat.  
Coffee was cold as Earth, Water as Thames,  
And stood in need of recommending Flames;  
For each of them steers a contrary course,  
And of themselves they sue out a Divorce.  
Coffee so brown as berry does appear,  
Too swarthy for a Nymph so fair, so clear:  
And yet his sails he did for England hoist,  
Though cold and dry, to court the cold and moist;  
If there be aught we can, as love admit;  
'Tis a hot love, and lasteth but a fit.  
For this indeed the cause is of their stay,  
Newcastles bowels warmer are than they.  
The melting Nymph distils herself to do't,  
Whilst the Slave Coffee must be beaten to't:  
Incorporate him close as close may be,  
Pause but a while, and he is none of he;  
Which for a truth, and not a story tells,  
No Faith is to be kept with Infidels.  
Sure he suspects, and shuns her as a Whore,  
And loves, and kills, like the Venetian Moor;  
Bold Asian Brat! with speed our confines flee;  
Water, though common, is too good for thee.  
Sure Coffees vexed he has the breeches lost,  
For she's above, and he lies undermost;  
What shall I add but this? (and sure 'tis right)  
The Groom is heavy, cause the Bride is light.  
This canting Coffee has his Crew enriched,  
And both the Water and the Men bewitched.   

A Coachman was the first (here) Coffee made,  
And ever since the rest drive on the trade;  
Me no good Engalash! and sure enough,  
He played the Quack to salve his Stygian stuff;  
Ver boon for the stomach, the Cough, the Ptisick,  
And I believe him, for it looks like Physic.  
Coffee a crust is charkt into a coal,  
The smell and taste of the Mock China bowl;  
Where huff and puff, they labour out their Lungs,  
Lest Dives-like they should bewail their Tongues.  
And yet they tell ye that it will not burn,  
Though on the Jury Blisters you return:  
Whose furious heat does make the water rise,  
And still through the Alembics of your eyes,  
Dread and desire, ye fall to't snap by snap,  
As hungry Dogs do scalding porridge lap.  
But to cure Drunkards it has got great Fame;  
Posset or Porridge, will't not do the same?  
Confusion huddles all into one Scene,  
Like Noah's Ark, the clean and the unclean.  
But now, alas! the Drench has credit got,  
And he's no Gentleman that drinks it not;  
That such a Dwarf should rise to such a stature!  
But Custom is but a remove from Nature.  
A little Dish, and a large Coffee-house,  
What is it, but a Mountain and a Mouse?   
Mens humana novitatis avidissima.  
I have heard it is good for one thing (and that falls out too often) when men are so drunk with Wine, Beer or Ale, or Brandy, that they are unfit to manage their Employment; then a Dish of hot Coffee is a present Remedy to settle their Heads.  
No doubt, but a Dish of Broth, or Beer, will work the same Cure, if it be drank as hot.   

This short Collection should more properly have taken place next to what was collected out of the other Doctors, but it came not to my sight, till it was too late: And because it agrees with what is mentioned in the first Epistle, that it is a strange way of taking Tobacco, as Physic, just before, and presently after Meals; I thought fit to put it in here. And if any are so wise as to be convinced by what hath been written, That immoderate smoking of Tobacco is hurtful for them, they were best to leave it gradually; for that is most safe, for such as have been accustomed long to it; or else it is good to chew the leaf in the mouth; or as some do, smoke a Pipe with other Ingredients, as Rosemary, Bitony, or Mints: This Collection was taken out of that Book of Dr. Everard's, Entitled, The Virtue of Tobacco.  
YOung men especially must take great care how they suck in this smoke, for the custom and too much use of it, brings their brains out of order, and makes them to be overhot, so that they lose their good temper, and are beyond the bounds of their health, and that sacred anchor is lost irrecoverably. For the nourishment of young men requires a gentle moisture, to strengthen them, and to make their bodies grow to their just perfection. Especially for those that are choleric, whose brains cannot endure excess of heat, for the native heat would be oppressed by the accidental heat. See Galen his Comment, in lib. de vict. salub.  
Also this smoke doth vehemently move the Stomach to nauseat, and to vomit, (as daily experience teacheth us) namely, by cleaving to the inward parts, and so offending the peculiar juices contained in the Stomach, and the Mesentary; it destroys their ordinary operations. For in thrusting forth the matter from the Stomach it cannot be, but also something must be cast out, wherein the force of nature resides; and also, because when nature is doing her office, she sends the nourishment into the habit of the body, as to the circumference, but all disturbing and purgative things draw the juices & spirits to the centre. Wherefore nature is wonderfully tired with these contrary motions, for she can endure nothing less than two contrary motions at the same time. Wherefore it is a most bitter enemy to the Stomaches of very many men, especially if they use to take it presently after Supper or Dinner. And in this respect it is mischievous to the bodies of all sound men, according to Hypocrates his Rule. 2. Aphoris. 37. It is troublesome to purge those that are in good health. For frequent use of purging Medicaments will soon make a man old; for the forces are broken by the resolving of the solid parts, by an Hypercatharsis of all nutrimental juice.  
By these things mentioned, it is easy to collect, that the smoke of Tobacco shorteneth men's days. For being that our native heat is like to a flame, which continually feeds upon natural moisture, as a Lamp lighted, drinks up the Oil by its heat; it follows necessarily, that for want of food, life must needs fly away quickly, when the proper subject of life is dissipated and consumed: for with that moisture, the imbred heat fails also, and death succeeds.  
You understand therefore (that are Tobacconists) that the sooty fumes of Tobacco, wherein you are wallowing (as it were) in the deepest mire, are of great force to shorten your days. Galen speaking of opening Medicaments, asserts, that by the frequent use of them, the solid parts of the body are dried, and that the blood grows gross and clotted, which being burned in the Reins, breed the stone. The same thing may be truly maintained concerning Tobacco, which many use too frequently, and more than any do use thousese kind of opening Medicaments; for this is more hot and dry than they are, and therefore is more forcible to hurt found and well-tempered bodies. Take warning therefore you that love Tobacco, that you do not exceed in using too much of it, and enslave yourselves to this fuliginous smoke, by hunting after it, and making a god of it. The goods of the body, are beauty, strength, and sound health. The most grave Author Plutarch, commending the last as the best of all, affirmed most gravely and learnedly, That health is the most divine, and the most excellent property of the body, and a most precious thing. There is nothing in this World better; nothing more to be desired, and nothing can be found to be more pleasant. Without this (as Hypocrates saith) there is no pleasure or fruit of any other things. This is it, which in this life fills all perfection: Without this no man could ever be said to be happy: This far exceeds the greatest Honours, Treasures, and Riches.   depiction of people smoking and drinking.  

A POSTSCRIPT By way of APOLOGY.  
Honest Reader,  
THis intended Porch being so Impolished, and so rude a Draught, I have judged it more fit to make a Backdoor, than a Fore: Neither durst I presume to set it in the Forefront, for I count it but as an overplus Sheet; however it may serve for waste Paper to wrap up the learned Collections, or else to light a Pipe of Tobacco, and will make as good Smoke: It lies at thy mercy, to use or to abuse as thou pleasest.  
For my part, I pretend to no great Learning, yet am a Lover of it, and a wellwisher to it: Neither am I worthy to carry the Books after these learned Authors, out of whose Works I have made this Collection; therefore I make this humble Apologetical Postscript. I know for my labour of reviving this noble Counterblast, etc. I can expect no better, but to be counterblasted by the black and foul mouths of many Tobacconists, and common Tobacco-Smokers; for endeavouring to pull down their great Diana, which they labour Demetrius like to cry up, because of the much gain it brings them. If I meet with Reproaches and Scorns, it is no more than I expected from them, and I value it not: Neither is it any news or wonder; for we live in the last days, and as the Apostle Peter foretell many hundred years since, in 2 Pet. 3. 3. That in the last days should come Scoffers, walking after their own lusts. To such King Solomon propounds a question, which they can hardly be able to answer, in Prov. 22. How long ye simple Ones will ye love simplicity? and ye▪ Scorners delight in scorning, and Fools hate Knowledge? There have been many such in all Ages of the World, as it may easily be instanced.  
Before I conclude, I thought it not amiss, or improper, to say something briefly against excessive drinking of Healths, and Drunkenness, which calls to remembrance, amongst other, of His Majesty's noble and gracious Acts, since his Restuaration, wherein he hath had merciful Respect to the Lives, Estates, Souls and Bodies of his good Subjects, and therein gone beyond his Predecessors. I shall but name to his perpetual Honour these three, viz. In the first place, His Act of Oblivion, passing by all that was done against Him or his Father, excepting only those that were his Royal Father's Judges. In the next place, He was pleased to publish a Proclamation to all His loving Subjects; against that sinful Custom of drinking his Health, His Majesty wisely considering how apt many would be to fall into that evil extreme, doth in that Proclamation, rebuke such as can express their Love to him in no better way, then drinking His Health. In the next place, I cannot but take notice, and mention, to His Majesty's Renown, His late gracious Declaration, For Liberty and Indulgence to tender Consciences, that could not in all things conform to the Ceremonies and Discipline of the Church of England, by Law established: This by the way. But now to speak a little more against drinking Healths, which is to our purpose in hand.  
There was many years since a Book Published, by Mr. William Prynne, against drinking of Healths, Entitled, Health's Sickness, but not now to be had, or seldom thought of; he shows the greatness of that Sin, and the dangerous consequence of it both to the Souls and Bodies of Men. There is another large Treatise published by Mr. Robert Young, Entitled, The Drunkard's Character: Also a Sermon preached long since by Doctor Robert Harris, called The Drunkard's Cup, out of Isaiah 5. from the 11. to the 18. verse. And a Sermon published many years since, Preached at Pauls-Cross, by Doctor Abraham Gibson, Entitled, The Lands mourning for vain Swearing; out of these words, Because of Oaths the Land mourns.  
And now the Land may mourn, not only for vain Swearing, but for vain Drinking of Healths and Drunkenness.  
After His Majesty's Restauration, there was, I remember, a great Feast, at which time there was a Health drank for His Majesty, and when it came to the turn of an able learned grave Minister there present, he utterly disliked and refused it: Answering, That he would pray for His Majesty's Heath. And if all that are Wellwishers to his Majesty's Health, would obey his Proclamation against that Vice, in leaving off drinking, either of the King's Health, or any others, & leave of swearing and profaning the Sabbath; and would constantly, earnestly, and heartily pray for His Majesty's Health, according as the Apostle St. Paul exhorts Timothy, 1 Tim. 2. 3. That Supplication and Prayer be made for Kings, and all that are in Authority; that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life in all godliness and honesty. I say, than we should be in hopes to see better Times, and better Trading: The generality cry out of their want of Trading, and of the Sins of the Rulers; but our chief Work and Duty is to look more narrowly at home, and to find out the Plague of our own Hearts. Who smites upon his Thigh? who saith, what have I done? We are apt to forget the late dreadful Judgements of God; as that of the Destroying-Sword, the sad destroying Pestilence, when from the 20th of December, 1664. to the 15th of December, 1665. there died of all Diseases 97396, and of the Plague 68596; and in one week▪ which I find to be the greatest of all, was in September 19 1665, there died of the Plague in London and Liberties 7165, of all Diseases 8297 that one week. Can London ever forget those sad and lamentable consuming Flames, that broke forth the Second of September, 1666? The ruinous heaps on 373 Acres within, and 63 Acres without the old Line, the ghastly walls of 89 Parish-Churches, and stately Houses and Halls, with the Royal Exchange, and as it was computed Thirteen thousand and two hundred Houses, with a vast deal of Goods, Householdstuff, and rich Commodities; and, I think, Booksellers may easily remember the many Warehouses of good Books of all sorts, then turned to Ashes, at St. Faith's Church, and in other places about the City.  
There was a Book published by Mr. Thomas Brooks, Dedicated to Sir William Turner Lord Mayor (who deserved much Love and Honour, for being so great a Furtherer of building the City and Royal Exchange, that lay long in Ruins) Entitled, London's Lamentations, being a serious Discourse of the late fiery Dispensation, that turned our Renowned City into a ruinous Heap. In the second part, or application of that Book, Page 36. is showed, That the burning of London was a National Judgement, and that God in smiting London, did smite England round: And what Sins bring desolating Judgements upon Persons and Places? Intemperance and Drunkenness is one Sin, and that we are to see the hand of the Lord in that dreadful Fire, and to take heed of those Sins that bring the fiery Rod, with the several Lessons and Duties we are to learn by it.  
We may easily see that the Lord will not suffer us to be forgetful of his great Judgements, by the several fresh Remembrances he hath given us, by sad Fires in divers places since, in and near the City. Not long after the dreadful Fire, there was a Merchant's great house, almost finished, in Mincing Lane, burned and quite defaced; after that, two great Fires broke forth in Southwark at several times and places: Another at the Savoy, which did much harm; Another at the corner of St. Bartholomew Lane, a Herald-Painter's House, Mr. Francis Nowers himself, his Child and Nurse was burned. Another in White-Chappel, and several persons burned there. Another sad Fire was in or near Thames street, which burned to the ground a great Sugar-Baker's House, with many thousand pounds worth of Sugar, belonging to several Partners; it began September the Second, the Lordsday, 1671. And now last Whit-Sunday morning, at St. Katherine's near Tower-hill, broke forth a very grievous lamentable Fire, which, as it is Reported, consumed above one hundred Dwelling-houses, and divers Ships, and some people were burned and killed by it. After that, another great Fire that consumed about a dozen Houses, and part of Sir Paul Pindar's house, without Bishopsgate, i● June, 1672. A few dayies after brake forth another Fire, which burned several Houses in Crutched-Friers. One at Camomile-street: At the Swan at Holborn-Bridge: A Brick house in Grub-street.  
We may do well to take that Counsel of our Saviour to the impotent man that he had cured, and had been at the Pool of Bethsaida, who had an Infirmity thirty eight years, John 5. 14. Christ bid him go and sin no more, lest a worse thing befall him; it was old Mr. Wheatlyes' Text of Banbury, after it was burned: Read the 26 of Leviticus, how greatly the Lord threatened the people of Israel, if they were Disobedient to him; He threatens great Judgements, and to make their City's waist, and the Land desolate; and in the verses 18, 21, 24, 28. it is four times threatened, That he will punish them seven times more for their Iniquities. God hath shot Three Arrows against us, and how easily can he shoot a Fourth Tore Arrow, that of the Famine, unless we turn from our Sins by true Repentance. It is to be feared, that after all that hath or can be said to reclaim men from their evil Courses, and excesses in Drinking, that they will be swayed by Custom, which is a second Nature; and it will be found as difficult for them to be temperate in Smoking, and Drinking, and Feasting, as it is for the Blackmore to change his Skin, or the Leopard his Spots. So that they will rather say, as he that being advised by his Physician to leave of his evil Courses, or else he would lose his Sigh, answered, Tum valeat lumen amicum▪ Then sarewel sweet Light. To such it may be said, as Solomon saith, Rejoice O young man in thy Youth walk in the sight of thine Eyes, and let thy Heart cheer thee; but remember that for all these things God will bring thee to Judgement.  
We all know, That Sin is the forerunner of all Plagues and Calamities, that ever came upon any People or Nation under Heaven; it is the Plague of Plagues: What provoked God to drown the old World, but Sin? What caused God to rain down Fire and Brimstone on Sodom and Gomorrah, but their Sins of Pride, Idleness, and fullness of Bread? And whilst Abraham interceded for Sodom, had there been but Ten righteous persons found amongst them, God would have spared them for their sakes. Thus I have spoken against Sin in general, as that which draws down Judgements upon our Heads: I will only lay a few Scriptures before you, touching the Lord's anger against Sin, which he cannot endure to behold without great indignation: For it is only Sin that makes a separation between God and our Souls; and I desire the Reader to turn to them at his leisure, and to make the best use and application of them, Hosea 4. 1, 2, 3. Isaiah 22. 12, 13, 14. Isaiah 24. 7, 8, 9 Genesis 12. 10. Chap. 26. 1. 42. 5. 43. 1. Chap. 41. 30. 36. 50. 56. 57 Prov. 15. 26, 29.  
That Seaman that being engaged in a Ship, and sees it in danger to sink, or to be cast away; is but an ill and unworthy Seaman that will not put to his helping hand to save her. And are not all Englishmen engaged in the Ship of the Kingdom, or Commonwealth of England? and is it not in a Storm, compassed with Enemies without, and within molested and assaulted with the most dangerous Enemies of all; over-laden with our grand Enemies, Sins of all sorts? Is it not the part of an honest true Englishman to help to save this Ship, by lightning its burden, and casting these bad Commodities overboard? I mean its Sins, that by so doing, we may engage God, the Lord of Hosts on our side, and then, si Deus nobiscum ●uis contra nos: Did but England's Sins weigh lighter than her Enemy's Sins, than we were more likely to be Victorious and Conquerors over all our Foreign Enemies.  
Doth not England match any of her Enemies in Sins and Provocations, namely Drunkenness? Doth it come behind the Dutch, Dane, or Swede, which are counted the highest Drinkers in the World, of the highest form, and so for swearing most horrible Oaths, and scoffing at Religion and Piety.  
Within ten days since I began this Collection or Postscript, I was an Eye and Earwitness, That a swaggering Blade rapt out this Oath, God damn me, about a trifle in a scoffing Frolic, saying, He had got a Presbyterian Band on he thought. Another man on Whitson-Eve I saw so sadly drunk, he could neither go nor stand, but sat down on a Door-stone, I asked him, Where he had been? He would give no other Answer but this, That he was troubled with the Megromes. So I and others about him left him, and know not what became of him: These two were in the heart of the City, near the Exchange.  
After I had seen King James his Counterblast against Tobacco and taken a liking to it: I did at the first intent only to get that printed alone, but afterwards meeting with these pertinent, suitable, and profitable Directions, for the preservation of long Life, both against Tobacco, and intemperate drinking; Published in the Works of that learned Physician Doctor Maynwaring, now living: I thought it not amiss to join them together, and likewise to add a good old Sermon at the latter end, Preached, in or near the time of King James, by a ●●mous Learned Divine, Mr. Samuel Ward then Preacher of Ipswich, printed 1627. It is but brief, and the best I know of in print against the Sin of Drunkenness and Health-drinking, wherein are discovered divers sad Examples of many that have been notorious Drinkers or Drunkards, called Woe to Drunkards, that have killed themselves by drinking immoderately.  
In the last place I shall but commend to the Reader a few good useful Books, viz. Mr. Thomas Brook's London's Lamentations, also his Book called Precious Remedies against Satan's Devices, and his Twenty two Sermons on Ephes. 3. 8. Of the unsearchable Riches of Christ, His Cabinet of Jewels, His Closet Prayer, and a profitable and very delightsome Book of good Counsel for all young Persons, called His Apples of Gold for young Men and Women, etc. Mr. Thomas Watson's new Treatise, Entitled. The mischief of Sin, it brings a person low, on Psal. 106. 43. Mr. Ralph Venning's Book, called Sin the Plague of Plagues, or sinful Sin the worst of Evils, on Rom. 7. 13. These Books do set forth Sin in its own proper colours; it is compared in Scripture to filthy Rags, and to a menstruous Cloth; and I think it cannot be called by so bad a name as it is. Also lately Published Mr. Robert Perrot's new Book called England's Sole, and Sovereign way of being saved. Mr. Calamie's Godly man's Ark, which I think is a useful and seasonable Book these stormy Times: Now we are pursued by Enemies on all sides, outward and inward, it's good to get into an Ark, or City of Refuge: These are sold at the Three Bibles in Pope's head Alley, where the best and newest shorthand Books, and Books of Divinity are to be had: Also History, Husbandry Astronomy, Mathematics, Arithmetic, Law, Sea, Physic, the best Poetry, School Books etc.  
Five Books of the learned Doctor Maynwaring.  

1. His Preservation of Health, and Prolongation of Life.  
2. His Treatise Of the Scurvy, showing That Tobacco is a procuring Cause.  
3. The rise and progress of Physic Historically, Chronologically and Philosophically illustrated, showing, The abuse of Medicines, etc.  
4. His Treatise Of Consumptions, demonstrating their Nature and Cure.  
5. The ancient and modern Practice of Physic examined, stated and compared.   
The true Elixir Proprietary of Van Helmont, Paracelsus & Crollius, with a Book of its use and virtue, highly cominended by Mr. Lilly.  
As for other Books of vain idle Romances, Lascivious and Vicious Poetry and Drollery, which are worse than the Smoke of Tobacco, and more fit for the Fire to make Smoke of, then for the Study; I wish the Lovers of them to take notice of this one Passage about such, in Mr. Philip Goodwin's Mystery of Drunkenness, printed for Francis Titan; it is in Page 50. Satan sends out his Books as Baits, by which many are cunningly caught, with the Venom of which so many are poisoned.  
FINIS.