BRIEF DIRECTIONS. FOR True-spelling. Being an Abbreviat of the most useful Rules, conducible to the promoting That Excellent Knowledge of Writing true English, Much wanted by many, especially such as never well understood the Latin-tongue, And is therefore commended to youth, as a good means for their accomplishment.  
To which is added. Copies of Letters, Bills of parcels, Bills of Exchange, Bills of Debt, Receipts, with pertinent Rules as Helps thereunto.  
All prepared and methodised by Henry Preston Writing-master, a wellwisher to youth's attainment.  
Licenced March. 17. 1673. Roger L'estrange.  
LONDON, Printed by J.R. and are to be sold by William Bishop at the Fountain at London Wall; near Garpen 〈…〉   

To the Reader.  
Friend,  
THou hast here presented thee some of the easiest Rules for true spelling, a work very much tending to thy profit, if well understood. The reason of its production hath been my Observation of the want thereof, especially in young people, having been acquainted near twenty years with their shortnesses and inabilities therein. To write well, and yet not to know how to write true English must needs be a great disparagement, and to my knowledge, hath rendered many uncapable of business, that would have been much to their advantage, which makes me very urgent with all I am acquainted with, to train up their children in the knowledge of Grammar-Rules, upon which the Art of true spelling depends, and without which few do arrive to perfect understanding therein. Yet for such that have not opportunity to learn, or have not improved their season, when they might have learned, 'Tis meet they should not be left without some directions to help them: And although there be many worthy books of that nature extant, that might with the pains of Tutors further the perfecting youth herein; yet knowing well their little benefit by some of them (the cause I name not) Have now undertook this little piece, which hath in it such plain rules, that without other help will conduce to the end aforesaid, Preventing the discouragements attending such that are unskilful: Of whom not only most young men in this Na●●● 〈…〉 but almost all the female Sex, many of them being very apt and capable of attaining good hands of writing, which had they the knowledge of 〈◊〉 Orthography, would much more be encouraged; And the want whereof is daily found to be a means to weaken their minds in their full and complete accomplishment therein, yea sometimes to their absolute laying aside their pens, as being ashamed of their work, whilst they are sensibly wanting this so excellent Ornamental endowment: Hoping many will find profit in the perusing and digesting these Rules to the animating themselves to improve their skill in writing; I have not only taken the pains to compile directions for true writing, but also have prepared Copies of Letters, Bills, and Receipts, with Bills of parcels, and other needful Helps to young beginners. The whole of which is humbly commended to the blessing of God; by him that desires to serve his generation according to his capacity and Talon received.  
Peti-France, Lond. Feb. 3. 1673. Henry Preston.   


Thou hast most of this little piece  
prepared in verse by me;  
To take thy fancy, head and heart,  
in what thou here dost see.  
And if it shall be taken well,  
and profit to thee lend,  
I shall with pains, and great delight,  
much more quickly commend.    

THese following helps are now produced here  
The Art of Spelling unto youth to clear;  
Which when well learned will fit him perfectly.  
To write true English with great certainty.  


THe needful thing at entrance is to know  
The Letters in their order as below  
Which are in number twenty four in all  
Distinguished as we usually them call;   

Vowels are five, a, e, i, o, and u,  
The rest are consonants, set here in View  
b, c, d, f, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, w, x, y, z,  
Yet sometimes j, and v, when sounded be,  
like consonants, are written as you see,— j, v.   

The sound of which as each doth signify,  
You may see here expressed in this copy  
Produced to show their force and property;   
b 
be  c 
cee  d 
dee  f 
of  g 
give  g 
jee  h 
he  j 
je  k 
ca  l 
el  m 
'em  n 
en  p 
pee  q 
cum  r 
are  s 
es  t 
tee  v 
ve  w 
we  x 
ex  y 
yi  z. 
ze   
A vowel hath a perfect sound, without the help of another letter; to which five , ad y, a Greek vowel, which sounds like i, and then may be esteemed a vowel, otherwise is a consonant as before; as [A] friend of mine is dead— [I] hope not so. [O!] it is too true. A vowel sounds of itself.  
A mute, or dumb letter is that which gives no sound at all of itself, but is apt by the help of a vowel either before, or after it to sound, and show its force; as 〈…〉 k p q t 〈…〉  

A vowel add unto each mute, then see  
Wither they will not perfect sounds then be,   
By co, die, go, jo, ko, po, quo, ti, xe, yo;  

Without a vowel, you no sound can make,  
For proof whereof, these few examples take,   
grnt, strngth, strng, strng, thmb.  

which five if any ask us what they spell?  
We say nothing, there is not a vowel:  
But if to each a vowel you do take,  
They will then all a word, with good sound make.   
Ex. Put a to the first, e to the second, i to the third, o to the fourth, u to the fifth; and they'll spell. grant, strength, string, strong, thumb.  

Forget not therefore when a sound you'd make,  
That you a proper vowel then do take—  
C Before a, o, u, sounds like to k,  
But before e, and i, like s always.   
Exa. to both can, came, court, custom, con, cunning, cellar, cease, ceive, civility, city, celerity.  

For spelling right, the syllables you'll find,  
By parting them in sound within your mind;  
They being known when they di╌vi╌ded be,  
Help to teach learners true Or╌tho╌gra╌phy;  
To know a Syllable you must consider,  
How many letters you do spell together,  
Examples many are here under-set,  
For you, That knowledge perfectly to get.   
Af╌ter, sin╌ce╌ri╌ty, pre╌pa╌ra╌ti╌on, ge╌ne╌ra╌ti╌on,  
Ex╌tra╌or╌di╌na╌ri╌ly, tran╌sub╌stan╌ti╌a╌ti╌on,  
Re╌con╌ci╌li╌a╌ti╌on, re╌for╌ma╌ti╌on, du╌ra╌ti╌on,  
Re╌cre╌a╌ti╌on, in╌ter╌est, a╌do╌ra╌ti╌on, a╌mi╌a╌ble.  

A consonant between two vowels we,  
To th' latter join, as here below you'll see,   
Re╌gard, re╌course, pre╌pare, de╌clare, pro╌pose, ma 〈…〉  

Yet some exceptions we in Rules must make,  
Else in this spelling Art may yet mistake;  
To this therefore exceptions there are three,  
Which when produced this rule will perfect be.   
1. Exception. When ab or x, comes before a vowel, as Ab╌ove, ab╌ound, ab╌undance, ox╌en, ex╌ercise.  
2. Exception. In double words, as Ab╌hor, al╌one, un╌armed, un╌usual, en╌able, in╌ure, en╌amour, ad╌orne, without, with╌in,  
3d. Exception. When a word of one syllable goes before╌ing, as Speak╌ing, com╌ing, treat╌ing, squeak╌ing.  

Ti writ before a vowel, commonly,  
Doth make itself in sound equal to si,  
As, nation, patience, station, re-lation, proposition,  
Proportion, petition, relaxation, dictionary, position.  
To this also there are exceptions two,  
Which here are put, the difference to show.   
1. Exception. When s goes before ti, as in fustian Combustion, suggestion, question. ti keeps its sound.  
2. Exception. When words end in ti, that have a syllable added to them that gins with a vowel, as pity, piteous, plenteous, loftier, mightier, weightier, courtier.  

Two sorts of syllables there are in kind,  
A long and short, the difference you'll find,  
The long is known by its pronouncing so  
The short likewise, as these Examples show,   
As, Fir, hug, can, bit, fat, mad, spar, not, hat, on— short  
Fire, huge, cane, by't, fate, made, spare, note, hate, one long  

Wherein you see e doth make the sound long,  
And all words else that sound with a diphthong.  
Examples take to make that also clear,  
By their contrary spelling as is here:   
Short syllables, made long with a diphthong.  
Tall, rall, bed, bran, shut, rod, what, chat,  
, rail, bead, brain, shoot, rood, wheat, cheat,  

Yet sometimes e doth not its full sound make,  
When unto it we do a vowel take,   
As, Change╌able, peace╌able, charge╌able  

And also then when words do end in We,  
You must observe the sound is lost in e.   
As, above, behoof, glove, move, live, have, prov●  
drove, remove, receive, contrive, relieve.  

Which must be written so except you do  
Add one more syllable, as these below.   
Having, living, moving, loving, droving, proving.  

E in them words is left out as you see,  
And so in these below also may be.   
Dark, turn, some, run, spark, tun, mar, sum, su●  
not, as usually 'tis written.  
Dark, turn, some, run, spark, tune, etc.  

And all words else when it no sound doth make,  
(Except in these) the e you need not take.   
In these below you must add e. Chaste, haste, verse, taste, horse, breathe, else, diver● waste, false, sense, roast, leave, please, seize, cour● source, cease, disease, ease, cleave, sense.  

E at the end of words no sound doth make,  
Only in these which for Example take;   
Clo╌e, Phe╌be, E╌pi╌to╌me, Ju╌bi╌le, Ga╌li╌le, E● ni╌ce, Jesse,  

What a diphthong is.  
〈…〉 two vowels take.  
●here are twelve proper dipthongs, called so,  
●oth vowels keep their sound, as here below:   
[ay, ey, oy, ai, ei, oi, au, eu, ou, awe, ewe, ow.]  

●he rest are called improper, eight they be,  
One of their vowel-sounds they lose we see,   
ea, ee, ie, co, oa, oo, vi, ou, As in these, ●ach, meet, chief, people, goat, good, guide, cousin.  

〈◊〉 spelling Art, there are some letters we,  
●ust surely make, though they not sounded be,  
●he whole of which take as they here do lie,  
And make them for a copy to write by.   

〈◊〉 these words here below we sound not b,  
●et must be spelt as here you'll plainly see;   
Dumb, lamb, womb, coxcomb, climb, limb, comb. ●●umb, thumb, doubtless, doubt, debt, subtle, undoubted  

〈…〉 between a vowel and a k,  
●s not sounded, yet so 'tis writ always.   
Example. Sick, thick, black, jack, lick, trick, flock, stick, check, quick, frock, clock, truck, antic, lock, cock, dock, truck, nick, brick, mock, pack, rock.  

When c is placed after s, as here,  
〈◊〉 hath no sound as by these will appear.   
Ascent, concupiscence, conscience, disciple, lascivious, ●cent, sciatica, transcendent, Schism.  

We writ these terminations with a c,  
And all that follow after as they be.   
Ance, ence, ince, once, unce, enhance, since, eloquence, abundance, abstinence, advance, assistance, 〈◊〉 temperance, sufferance, providence, substance, pronounce, guidance, experience, essence commence, benevolence.  

Except in these, wherein an I we make,  
Only herenamed for to prevent mistake.   
Incense, nonsense, dispense, rinse, suspense, recompense, propense, sense, (one of the five senses.)  

The general rules that yet do follow here,  
Are as was said the spelling-Art to clear,  
Observe them well, and good skill gain you may,  
To fit you for your work another day.   
A c following x, looseth its sound, As in excel, except excerpt, excess.  
Ch, sounds like k in these, choler, school, Malachi● stomach, Anarchy, Archangel, colic, Chirurgeon Chronicle, Chemical, Mechanic, Monarchy, Patriarch, Eunuch.  
Gh, through custom are sounded like●f, in these Although, rough, draught, laugh, cough, enough, daughter, bought, brought, aught.  
Gh, sounds with the breathing h●in these, Bow, wrought, high, weigh, might righteous sight naughty, sought, through, sigh.  
G, doth not sound in these, Phlegm feign, sign, design, reign, Sovereign, arreign, ensign, assign, resign, signed, weight.  
U, follows G, and is not sounded in these, guide, tongue, league, disguise, guile guess, guard, guest, rogue Collogue, Catalogue, prorogue, dialogue, Prologue, Epilogue, guardian, guilty, plague.  
H, sounds not after g or r, as in these, Ghost Rhetoric, Rheum, Rhodes, dunghill, (Rhine, a river.) ●e l is doubled, as all; ball; bell; bill; bowl; bull; fill; hall; hill; still; quill; hell; will; wall; spill; small; call; pills; tell; ●ell; full; Hill.  
But after dipthongs single, as in these, bail; coil, ●●il; moil; foil; toil; soil.  
So Polysillables, or words of more than one syllable end with a single l, as in Burial, Cathedral, Chan●el, sinful, usual, tribunal, evil, special, material, quarrel.  

●hough in these words some do not sound the l,  
●et it should sounded be as we it spell;  
●alve; half; Ralph; folk; balk; calf; talk; falcon; falconer;  
malmsey, not, save, haf, Raf, fok, etc.   
P, is not sounded in these, Psalm; tempt; temptation; Simpson; receipt; Sympton.  
Ph, sounds like f in Nymph; Phylactery; Cosmo●aphy; Elephant; Emphasis; Pamphlet; Epitaph; Georaphy; nephew; Orphan; Triumph; Humphrey; E●raim; Philip; Philemon; Phebe; Phyladelphia; Phea●nt, Pharisee; Phrase; Phlebotomy; Sphere; Sulphur.  
But not where Ph, are in two syllables, as ●ep╌herd; Clap╌ham.  

●er the r or l, e doth rebound,  
●●d is true spelt as they are here now found.   
Lustre; little; sepulchre; Temple; Acre; people; able; ●gle; bramble; brittle; bubble; buckle; bundle; cable; ●adle; castle; crackle; humble; juggle; Justle; kindle; ●re; Maugre; nitre; needle; nettle; tiger; trouble; triple; ●angle; wrestle; warble; trifle; straddle; spittle; muckle; acle; fable; saddle; bauble; bible-bable.  

●nds no word but where 'tis sounded I,  
We do put in the room the letter y;   
〈◊〉 property; reply; study; try; my, reply, cry; die;  

When u at end of any word is sounded,  
The vowel e is always then propounded;   
As, in due: sue: true: hue: value: virtue: issue: pur● due: blue: construe: retinue: revenue.  
Ey is writ where i is sounded at the end of a word in these, Abbey: alley: Anglesey: Attorney: burley: causey: chimney: cockney: country: eye: Hackney: honey: money: kidney: monkey: pulley: pursley: talley: tansy: Turkey.  
Ay sounds ay in these, they: obey: convey: survey: key: grey: Surveyer: whey: deign: eight: veins: height: weight: reign: heir.  
Ei, sounds e long in forfeit: Carreir: either: he fer: conceit: conceive: deceit: enterfeir: leisure: neighbour: receipt: receive: seize.  
Ewe, keeps its sound, as in these, few: lewd: ewe Hebrew: brew: chew: drew: imbrue: Hue: Gew: gaws: Jewel: knew: fewer: stew: steward.  

Y, in these words is sounded like to i,  
And is so writ in Synod, Sympathy,   
Type: Presbyterian: Martyr: Alchemy: Analysis: Apocalyps: Cymbal: Cypress: Crystal: Etymology: Myrrh: mystical: Mystery: hypocrite: Labyrinth: Myriad: Nymph: Satire: Sycomore Sycophant: Synagogue: Tyrant: syrup, etc.  

Ea, sounds e drawn long as here you see,  
Where eas writ in the room of the e;   
Appeal: ear: appease: Bean: Bear: Beast: beat: cheat: clean: dream: break: cease: meal: mean: meat: eat: Easter: easy: zeal: year: wear: wealtreatise: roar: teach: swear: surcease: streak: stream: seamless: Lease: squeak: spread: spear: sheath reach: deal: decease: congeal: head: breast: dead: earth: health: ready: dread: beard: bread: hear●  
E i, sounds ee, as in believe: relief: pierce: shield: achieve: pieces: Lieutenant: yield: fierce: priest: chief: besiege: cashier: friend: frontiers: grief: grievance: grievous: handkerchief: view: yield.  
This diphthong ie, is parted in these words, therefore sounds not as before; audi-ence: bri-er: cli-ent: clothi-er: di-et: qui-et: buri-ed: busi-ed: espi-ed: reli-ed: studi-ed: dri-ed: outvi-ed.  
Oa, sounds the o long, in hoarse: boat: boar: oat: choke: toad: boast: encroach: abroad: goad: stroke: board: broach: coach: cloak: coal: cope: coat: cloak: coast: goat: groanning: groat: Hoary.  
This diphthong oa, is parted in these, therefore not sounded as before, co-action: co-agulate: Ahinoam: Gilboah: bo-anerges.  
Hey or oy, is sounded in these words; poison: point: boil: jointure: voyage: tortoise: coy: boy: oil: ointment: poise: void: noisome: noise: employ: exploit: foil: moist: employment: emeroides: embroider: cloister: cloy.  
Oo, sounds like woe, in these; choose: floor: roof: hoop: broom: brook: food: boon: fool: lose: boot: cooper: foot: crook: poor: brood: ford: forsooth: goose: lose: moon: moor: rood: root: stool: stoop: tooth.  
Oo, sounds short u in these, good: hood: blood: wood: stood: wool: foot.  
Owe, sounds hard in, Vow: allow: vowel: now sow-pig: Cowards: Cow: (a kine that gives milk.)  
Owe sounds like o, in bestow: slow: low: window: know: throw: pillow: shadow: sorrow: willow: winnow: widow: know: barrow: arrow: fallow: morrow follow.  
Ou sounds like u in, Cousin: double: flourish: young: scourge: nourish: flood: touch: doublet:  
Ou found'st like o, in vapour, bought brought. honour. although. wrought. though. solicitor. succour. rigour. gourd. harbour. behaviour. endeavour. manor. nought. colour. Armour. Emperor. clamour. odour. thought. Saviour. humour.  
Ou, sounds broad in flout. slouch. couch.  
Ui, sounds like i, in guide. guile. conduit. guise. disguise. beguile. build. buyer. verjuice. buy.  
Ui sounds like u in recruit. fruit. suit. suitor. bruise. fruitful. juice. pursuit. suitable.  
This diphthong vi is parted in these words, therefore not to be sounded as before, ambigu-ity. frui-tion. genu-ine. pu-issant. perpetu ity. perspicu-ity. ruin.  
I consonant before all vowels, is sounded as G latin before e, or i; and as sounded different from the vowel, so it should be writ and made, as in these words jar. jest. jeer. jill. join. june. rejoice. joy. judge. subjoin.  
Also the v consonant where ever it hath its proper sound of va. ve. vi. vo. vu. it should be so writ as it is in these words, different from u vowel, Vain. verity. verily. vice. voice. virtue. vicious. revive. connive. vivification. convince. receive. give. vulture.   

Although no new thing here doth come to hand,  
Yet you'll by short collections understand,  
How to write many words that different be,  
Both sounded, named, and written as you see.  
The rules here given may to much profit tend  
If you do read them oft from end ' to end,  
And well improve them as you ought to do,  
With care, delight, and diligence to show;  
What further is produced, is to make plain,  
Knowing what yet we have herein to say,  
Will add to their assistance day by day.  
The Capital or Great Letters have in the beginning of words their peculiar uses: noting not only proper names of Men, Cities, Callings, as Ambrose, Marcus, London, York, Spain, Turkey, England, Merter, Grocer; but Dignities and Offices, as Highness, Lord Mayor, Your Honour, Worship, Sir, Father, Mother, and names of Arts; as Grammar, Rhetoric, Writing, Music, Arithmetic, the beginning of every verse, and I, by itself, little i being never made by itself, as I go, I am, I will, etc. Also of things observable, such as is the principal matter handled in 〈◊〉 Book, likewise beginnings of sentences, and when words of another are quoted, as Gen. 1.3. And God said, Let there be light; So in Exod. 16.4. Then said the Lord to Moses, Behold I will rain bread from ●eaven, and in the 9 verse. And Moses spoke unto Aaron, Say unto the children of Israel, Come near ●efore the Lord; there are two such included speeches; 〈◊〉 wit the speech of Moses to Aaron, and the speech ●f Aaron to the People, where you see great letters; also in Emphatical, or remarkable words, as God ●id to Moses I AM hath sent thee whole sentences Emphatical: as JEHOVAH THE ●RANCH, KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS, and such like, often ●und in the HOLY BIBLE.  

●ll stops and points must be observed when you,  
Would write with credit, and your skill would show,   
The Comma (,) 

〈◊〉 stops be small, than Comma you should take,   The Semicolon (:) 

If greater, you must Semicolon take,   The Colon (:) 
If half a sentence, than the Colon you,  The Period, or full point (.) 

Must plainly make, if out, this point doth show,  
The Period is a point of perfect sense, and perfect sentence: at the end of which the tone of the voice falleth below its ordinary tenor, with a long pause.— A great letter always follows, as is before   An Apostrophae (') 

This is a note set o'er that place where you,  
Leave out a vowel, as these words do show.  
Penn d, sinned, trained th'other, saved, it's, 'twill.   Hyphen, a note of connexion, (=) or (—) 

When you have compound words, or end your line,  
In parting words, this mark is for a sign,  
As sometimes, throughout, Commonwealth, safeguard, miss-like, House-keeping, etc.  
When end your line you part the word in Syllables, Sir, your business is accomplished with much credit, vale. I am glad thereat, for which I hearty thank you, vale.   An Interrogation point (?) 

This note is put when any question's made,  
As doth appear, in what is under said;  Quest. Who made you? Ans. God. Quest. Who is the author of preservation? An. God.  A note of Admiration (!) 

This mark denotes our sudden admiration,  
Of what we say, or write, or give relation.  As hear O Heavens! give ear O earth!  A Parenthesis () 

This mark a sentence doth enclose, when we,  
Use, or omit the same, yet sense will be,  〈…〉 (that is in my flesh) dwelleth no good thing  A caret, or latin circumflex, (⁁) 

When words left out are placed o'er the line,  
Where they come in this mark is for a sign,   An Asterisme, (*) 

This note of illustration is then made,  
When too what's writ there might be yet more said;   A note of Citation, (") 

This is then made when Authors quoted are,  
And doth show forth what they to us declare;   Index, ☞ 

This note like to a forefinger is made,  
To point to what remarkable is said;   Obelisk, (†) 

This is a note always referring to,  
The Margin, where the meaning you may know;    
Concerning contractions, or writing one or more letters for words; take these as follow for help in reading, or writing, Agt. against, admrs. administrators, Bp. Bishop, dd. delivered, Dr. Doctor, Esq Esquire, Hᵈ˙ Honoured, Lᵈ˙ Lord, Lᵖ˙ Lordship, lr. letter, md. memorandum, Mr. Master, Mrs. Mistress, Obt. obedient, pᵈ˙ paid, ꝑ per Sr. Sir, p̄ pre, St. Saint, yⁿ then, yᵗ that, yᵉ the, wᵗ what wⁿ when, Wᵖ Worship, Wˡˡ Worshipful 7bʳ˙ September, 8bʳ˙ October, 9bʳ. November, 10bʳ December, Q. Question, A. Answer, R. Reason, U. Use, Dʳ˙ debtor, Cʳ˙ Creditor, Xpian. Christian, pnts, presents, & and, etc. et caetera, and so forth, (to wit) namely, that is to say, mᵗ. meant, Coll. Colonel, Capt. Captain, Lievt. Lieutenant.   


Our English words do very much abound,  
〈…〉  
Some of them we think meet to publish here,  
The Art of spelling further for to clear.   

(There) where it points to thing or place must be,  
Spelt and written as here you plainly see,  
[Their] when it doth claim some propriety,  
To any thing, 'tis written with e, i.   

Examples.  
[Their] House, [their] Land, [their] Goods are here,  
[Their] proper state doth lie just [there.]  
By [sums] of Money telling [some] do live,  
[Wait] now on me, you shall just [weight] receive,  
A [Prophet] true much [profit] brings to men,  
A [Mill-wright] cannot [writ] without a Pen;  
[Two] men would come [to] me [too] ask a thing,  
'Twas [hard] that which I [herd] they had to bring.  
The Horse doth [neigh;] [nay] 'twas the voice of men,  
We [write,] that's [right,] yet differently with Pen.  
It is good [Air,] where now the [Heir] doth dwell,  
Some locks of [Hair,] [are] cut, and we them sell;  
The [Sun] doth shine upon my [Son] to day,  
'Tis [one] man's right, 'Twill be his [own] always;  
To [bear] a burden on the shoulder [bare]  
[Rear] up the house, it is a structure [rare.]   
In this method I should further proceed, only think it more to the profit and help of young beginners, to explain some of our usual English words, that are seldom fully understood by them; therefore have at the end of this small Book annexed a Table Alphabetical whereto I refer them, and in which they may not only see the several significations of words, but also the true spelling of them, whether of like sound or otherwise, the whole of which they will do well to peruse and observe until the have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉   


Copies of Letters now do follow here,  
Some young beginners therein to prepare,  
That when they need they may instructed be,  
To write in form by what they here do see;  
The matter being heeded, when they writ,  
They may hereby conceive how to indite.   

All Letters should begin with declaration,  
Of friendly Titles, as a preparation;  
Saluting them with love and commendation,  
As they are in esteem, or in Relation;  
Then to the matter needful short and plain,  
They should proceed in, as being the Main  
Of their then writing, which when done to cease,  
And wind up all, with words of love and peace;  
Concluding as unto their friends they stand,  
●n humbleness theirs, when they them command,  
Subscribing those their Letters with their hand,  
And for their superscription on the side,  
The name and place where now their friend doth bide   
First Letter, is a Letter from one at School in London to his father in the Country.  
London January, 10. 1673. Honoured Father,  
MY Humbly duty unto you presented, giving you all hearty thanks for all your love and kindness manifested to me. I make bold at this time 〈◊〉 present you with a few lines, being the fruits of my ●bour, and do hope in time to be better accomplished to give you an account of my proceed. In the ●ean time crave your acceptance of this it coming ●om  
〈◊〉 his honoured father your obedient s●●  
Another from one at School, to his friend that hath showed kindness to him.  
London, Feb. 12. 1673 Respected Sir,  
HAving gained some skill in this Art of writing since my being trained therein, think it my duty to present you with some fruits thereof, as an humble gratulation, and thankful remembrance of your great love and respect shown to me from time to time 〈◊〉 hoping it may gain esteem, and acceptation with you● do with brevity, yet in all humility Rest, subscribing myself,  
your obliged friend, Bartholomew Bates  
For his honoured friend Mr. Bates of Colchester, this  
A Letter from a young man newly out of his time to his friend for better acquaintance.  
London, March 5 1673 Respected Sir,  
HAving finished my seven years' Apprenticeship, am now entering into the world for employ for myself, and knowing my Trade depends upon acquaintance make bold to renew former friendship with you● hoping if it lies in your power, to do me any kindness therein, you will (for the love you bear to me) do your utmost to help me, and what you shall do therein shall be acceptable to  
your servant to command 〈…〉  
To his loving friend 〈…〉  
A Letter from one to another for Goods which he needeth.  
London, April 4. 1674. SIR,  
HEaring by a friend of yours, that you are stored with sundry parcels of such goods which I greatly need; make bold to Essay a Trade with you, so as in a small parcel to become your Chapman, my stock is not great, neither do I know what opportunity I shall have to vend many; therefore entreat your sending but forty or fifty pounds worth, and as they prove shall further deal with you, the lowest price send, as also the time of payment, and I shall be punctual. being  
your loving friend Emanuel Endeavor.  
To his honoured friend, Mr. Fra. Friendshipof Falmouth this  
A copy of a letter from a Trader to his Chapman, with his answer thereto.  
London, January, 27. 1674. Honoured friend,  
I Sent you last week a parcel of Goods by your Carrier, and do hope they are safe come to your hands, also according to your last dated the first instant have prepared the parcel of stuffs, and this day have shipped them in the Hope of London, now bound for Cales, and marked as directed, the Bill of Lading is herein enclosed, the rest you writ for shall send as soon as they are made ready for you. I would desire you to remit me one hundred pounds with all speed, No more at present from,  
your 〈…〉  
For his honoured friend, 〈…〉  
The Answer.  
Exon, February, 8 1674. Respected Sir,  
YOurs dated the 27 of January last, I received, and am glad to hear you have Shipped those goods to Cales: I trust they will come to a good market. Those you sent me came safe, and well conditioned. I have according to your Order remitted one hundred pounds, which will be payable in ten days, the Bill of Exco. is herein enclosed with a letter of advice to Mr. Goodpay from his respondent, hoping the Goods you are preparing will be for my turn, and come timely. I rest,  
your assured lo: friend, John Lovely.  
For his respected friend Mr. Zach. Zealet of London.  

T would swell this Volume too too large,  
And make this Book of too much charge,  
To put down Copies in all things,  
That Trade and friendship daily brings.   

Therefore a little take and see,  
And strive for ingenuity,  
'Tis matter that will thee and I,  
Both mind, and heart, and head employ.  
And when engaged with all our might,  
Our business will teach to indite,  
The form being designed only  
〈…〉  
Here follows now some other things that may,  
Be helpful unto thee another day,  
Which take, and well improve, as is intended,  
By him that hath the whole in love commended,  
And well remember Traders should be just,  
In buying, selling, wherein there is trust.  
For God that sees All doth a blessing bring,  
To such that do keep faithful in this thing,  
Rewarding them in basket and in store,  
With Riches, and with Credit more and more.  
Whilst others that herein no conscience make,  
Have Blasts from God in all they undertake;  
And are deprived of prospering whilst they,  
Will not just rules of Equity Obey,  
●f you therefore would thrive. Mind honesty  
〈◊〉 what you sell, as well as what you buy,  
And punctual be in paying that that's due,  
Expecting than others will so pay you.  
If you a Merchant be, you need know well,  
To make a Bill of Goods which you do sell,  
A form whereof is here prepared by me,  
For Help to young beginners, if need be.   


Sold July 10. 1673, to Gamaliel Grout these Goods following.  
59 els of Green Bays, at 2 s: 5 d: the ell 055 l.: 09 s.: 03 d.:  
87 els of Dyed Canvas, at 1 s: 5 d: the ell 069 l.: 18 s.: 03 d.:  
76 els of Holland Cloth, at 4 s: 6 d: the ell 197 l.: 02 s.: 00 d.:  
●0 pieces of Fine Lawns, at 11 s: 6 d: the ps 287 l.: 10 s.: 00 d.:  
●9 else of Linen Cloth, at 2 s: 8 d the ell 078 l.: 10 s.: 08 d.:  
89 ps of Died Fustians at 19 s: 0 d the end 559 l.: 11 s.: 00 d.:  
89 ps of white Ditto, at 17 s: 6 d the end 165 l.: 07 s.: 06 d.:  
●9 else of narrow cloth, at 1 s: 2 d: the ell 015 l.: 02 s.: 02 d.:    

The Merchant when he doth the money take,  
He ought the paying man a discharge make,  
A form thereof in short, yet full is here,  
Transcribed out, the Buying man to clear,   
Received the 14 of July 1673, the full of this Bill, Isay reced,  
By me Hugh Humes.  

Both Shopkeepers, and Merchants do when they,  
Their goods transport, put off, or truck away,  
Plain Bills of parcels make, that all may see,  
What Goods they are, and what their prizes be.   
A Shopkeepers Bill.  

Sold to Henry Halfgood of Harwich these.  
April 1. 1673, One small box of Cinnamon, 8 l.: 8 s.: 8 d.  
May 2— One barrel of New Raisins— 3 l.: 3 s.: 3 d.  
June 3— Two small parcels of Pepper— 2 l.: 5 s.: 7 d.  
Ditto 19— Two Rolls of Virginia Tobacco— 1 l.: 8 s.: 6 d.  
July 13-Five Frails of Mallago Raisins— 3 l.: 3 s.: 2 d.  
19— A box of Sugar-Candy weight 98 l. ½— 4 l.: 10 s.: 0 d.  
Total Sum— 22 l.: 19 s.: 2 d.   

The Shopkeeper for so much he doth take,  
Doth to the Chapman a discharge now make,  
A Copy here now follows, writ by me,  
Some skill for you to gain, at least to see.   Received the 20 of July 1673, the sum of eleve● pounds ten shillings, which is in part of payment fo● the Bill abovesaid, I say reced. 

With men of Trade, sometimes need doth require,  
The selling man of Chapmen to desire,  
A bill, or bond, wherein they fix a day,  
The money that is owing for to pay;  
A form of both may very helpful be,  
Therefore are made to be improved by thee.   
A short Bill of Debt.  
BE it remembered by these presents that I Kimbolton Kindheart of Kingston Haberdasher, do own and am indebted unto Leonard Lawless of the same, Merchant, the sum of ninety pounds of Lawful money of England. All which I do promise to pay to him, or his Order, on the tenth day of July next,  
In testimony whereof I have hereunto put my hand and Seal the seventh of May, Anno Domini; 1674. Sealed and delivered in the presence of William. Knaveless. John Earl. Kimbolton Kindheart.  
Another of the same.  
Borrowed and received the 23 of June 1674, of Moses Manibates, the sum of One hundred pounds of Lawful money of England, which I promise to pay upon demand.  
Witness my hand and Seal the day abovesaid. Testis Nath. Namis.  

THe Bill that's last is good and will avail,  
When unto it there is both hand and Seal,  
And 'tis much better, if to what is done,  
You have some it to witness, at least one;  
Receipts to them both looked for may be,  
Therefore their copies follow as you see.   
A receipt to the first Bill.  
Received the tenth day of July 1674, of Kimbolton Kindheart, the sum of ninety pounds; being for so much due by a Bill of debt bearing date the seventh of May last. I say received.  
By me Leo. Lawless.  
A receipt to the second.  
Received the first of August 1674, of Nath. Nam● the sum of one hundred pounds, which was due by 〈◊〉 Bill of Debt, bearing date the 23 of June last, I say received.  
By me Moses Mani-bate●  

Now next that doth present itself to thee,  
Is an example how a Bond should be,  
Made so Authentic, as that binding may,  
Enforce the Debtor, the just Sum to pay.   

Most Obligations are in Latin made;  
And so should this, but that it will be said,  
This little Book is made for such chief,  
That can the English tongue only apply;  
Therefore in English it is made for thee,  
〈…〉   

KNow all men by these presents that I Oliver Owen of Oldstreet in the County of Midlesex Oyl-man, am holden, and firmly do stand bound unto Peter Pierce of Pembroke Painter, in ninety pounds of good and lawful money of England, to be paid unto the said Peter Pierce, his certain Attorney, his Executors, or Administrators. To the which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself, my Executors, and Administrators firmly by these presents, sealed with my Seal, dated the tenth of September, 1674.   

THe condition of this Obligation is such that if the above bounden Oliver Owen, his Executors, Administrators, or any of them, do well and truly pay or cause to be paid unto the above named Petor Pierce, his Executors, Administrators, or Assigns the just sum of forty five pounds of like lawful money, at, or on the tenth day of October next coming; at, or in the now dwellinghouse of the said Peter Pierce, ●scituate in Pembroke aforesaid, without fraudor deceit, than this Obligation shall be void, else the same to stand, and remain in full force effect and virtue.   
Sealed and delivered in the presence of Zachariah Ving Ambrose Pain, Scr. Oliver Owen.  
When Bond, or Bill, is signed and sealed, it must be delivered as his Act and deed, to the party whom 'tis made, or to some other for his use, And all in the sight and view of the witnesses.  

Now you have seen a form of Bond, and Bill,  
You may accept from Debtor what you will,  
But in my judgement a Bond is most sure,  
Sealed before witness that may long endure;  
For Bonds with double penalty are made,  
When nothing in a Bill of that is said,  
And by a Bond thy suit charge shalt recover,  
But nothing of thy charges by the other.  
Wherhfore if Debtor may uncertain be,  
In paying when 'tis due, if thou canst see,  
Before hand what thy lot in this case may,  
Choose and accept a Bond without delay;  
In all thou dost deal with an honest man,  
And he I pay on the day if that he can,  
And when the money due by Bond is paid,  
It is most sure a discharge then be made,  
A copy therefore is now writ below,  
The paying man at that time for to show.   
Received the 10th. of October 1674, of Oliver Owen the sum of forty five pounds, being for so● much due by a bond Obligatory, bearing date the tenth of September last, wherein the said Oliver Owen became bound to me in penalty of ninety pounds conditioned for the true payment of forty five pounds the day abovesaid; I say recd. in full satisfaction of the aforesaid bond.  
By me Peter Pierce.  

In commerce and in trade men use this way,  
By Exchange Bills much money for to pay,  
Some copies therefore here are, for thee made,  
Which may be useful in the way of Trade.   
A copy of an Inland Bill.  
London October, 28. 1674.  
AT ten days sight of this my only Bill of Exco. Pay to Mr. Richard Ruley of Rutland, or his order, the sum of one hundred pounds currant money, for the value here received of Mr. Jonathan Bates: Make good payment thereof, and put it to the account of  
your obliged friend, Simon Simson.  
To his honoured Mr. Quintilian Quelch of Rutland this  

When this Bill comes to hand, he doth it show,  
Unto the paying man his mind to know,  
Which if he likes, he then acceptance makes,  
And when 'tis paid, he a discharge then takes,  
Without side of the Bill him for to clear,  
The form thereof, doth plainly here appear.   
Received the 10. of November 1674, the full of the within Bill of Exchange, I say received.  
By me Richard Rules.  

Here follows others which may inform thee,  
How Outland Bills also may written be.   
The discharge to that may show thee how to make one to any other Bill of Exco. they being all to that effect, and writ on the backside of the Bill, as before is said.  
An Outland Bill, the first sent.  
London November, 3. 1674. for 500 crowns at 60 sols per crown.  
AT double usance, Pay this my first Bill of Exchange, unto Mr. Isaac Delawn, or order five hundred crowns at sixty sols per crown, for the value received of Mr. John King, and place it to account as per advice from  
yours, Will. Walwin.  
To Mr. John Ducayn Merchant in Paris Prima.  
The Second Bill.  
London November 14. 1674, for 500 crowns at 60 sols per crown.  
AT double usance, pay this my second Bill of Exchange, my first not paid, unto Mr. Isaac Delawn, or order, five hundred crowns, at sixty sols per crown, for the value received here of Mr. John King, and place it to account as per advice, from  
yours, Will. Walwin.  
For Mr. John Ducayn Merchant in Paris. Secunda  
Another Bill of Exchange for Amsterdam.  
A copy of the first Bill.  
London March 27. 1674. for 200 l. sterl. at 34 s. 4 d. fl. per l. st.  
AT double usance, Pay this my first Bill of Exchange unto Mr. Roger Rump, or order, two hundred pounds sterling, at thirty four shillings four pence i'll. per pound st. for the value of William Wills, and place it to account as per advice from  
yours Henry Hills.  
To Mr. John Jones Merchant in Amsterdam Prima  
A copy of the second Bill of Exchange.  
London March 27. 1674. for 200 l. sterl. at 34 s. 4 d. fl. per l. st.  
AT double usance, Pay this my second Bill of Exchange, my first not paid, unto Mr. Roger Rump, or order, two hundred pounds sterling, at thirty four shillings four pence fl. per l. st. for the value of William Wills, and place it to account as per advice from  
yours Henry Hills.  
To Mr. John Jones Merchant in Amsterdam  
Another copy of a Bill of Exchange for Livorne.  
The first Bill,  
London adii the 25th. March 1674, for 500 l. at 53 d. ¼. st. per dolor.  
THree months after date, pay this my first Bill of Exchange, unto Mr. John Jakes, or order, five hundred Dollars Exco. at fifty three pence ¼ sterling per dolor, for the value of himself, and place it to account as per advice from  
yours Peter Pimpillon.  
To Mr. William Jednings Merchant in Livorne. Pma  
The second Bill.  
London adii the 25 March, 1674  
THree Months after date, pay this my second bill of Exchange, my first not paid, unto Mr. John Jakes, or order, five hundred dollars Exco. at fifty three pence ¼ sterling per dolor, for the value of himself, and place it to account as per advice from,  
yours Peter Pimpillon.  
To Mr. William Jednings Merchant in Livorne   


Some men of Handicrafts, may this book see  
Therefore for them some Bills prepared be.   
A Carpenter's Bill.  

Mr. William Liberal Dr. for work and materials.  
FOr 17 load of Oaken timber at 42 s. the Load 35 l.: 14 s.: 00 d.:  
For 28 load of Fur-timber at 35 s. the load, 49 l.: 00 s.: 00 d.:  
For 180 feet of Oaken Plank two— inches thick at 3 d. the foot 02 l.: 05 s.: 00 d.:  
For 17 thou. of 10 d nails at 6 s. the thou. 05 l.: 02 s.: 00 d.:  
For 700 ½ of deals, at 6 l. 5 s. the hundred, 46 l.: 17 s.: 06 d.:  
For 19 thou. of 6 d. nails, at 4 s. 4 d. the th'. 04 l.: 02 s.: 04 d.:  
For 7½ thou. of dou. ten, at 10 s. the thou. 03 l.: 15 s.: 00 d.:  
For 700 of ten-groat nails, at 3 s. 4 d. the 100 01 l.: 03 s.: 04 d.:  
For 28 pound of large spikes, at 4 d. the l. 00 l.: 09 s.: 04 d.:  
For 8 ½ weeks work for myself, at 3 s. the day 07 l.: 13 s.: 00 d.:  
For 8 weeks 2 days work for my man, at 2 s. 6 d. the day 06 l.: 05 s.: 00 d.:  
Sum is 162 l.: 06 s.: 06 d.:   

When this Bill's paid, the Carpenter must make,  
A full discharge for what he then doth take,  
It being his good hap all to receive,  
He doth with thanks a full discharge then give,  
A copy here you'll find prepared by me,  
For to teach you how a discharge should be.   
Received the 7 of January 1674, of Mr. William Liberal the sum of one hundred sixty two pounds and six shillings, which is in full of the Bill aforesaid, I say received.  
by me Xeno Xanthos.  
A Bricklayers Bill.  

Mr. Yeluerton Yewel of London Dr. for work and materials.  
For 12 thou. of bricks at 12 s. 6 d. the th'. 07 l.: 10 s.: 00 d.:  
For 8 thousand of Tiles, at 18 s. 6 d. the th'. 07 l.: 08 s.: 00 d.:  
For 17 hund. of Lyme, at 14 s. 6 d. the hun. 12 l.: 06 s.: 06 d.:  
For 15 load of Sand, at 4 s. 8 d. the load, 03 l.: 10 s.: 00 d.:  
For 1000 of Nine-inch Tiles, at 10 s. 6 d. the hundred 5 l.: 05 s.: 00 d.:  
For 40 ridge-Tiles, at 1 d. ¾ the piece, 00 l.: 05 s.: 10 d.:  
For 3 weeks 3 days work for myself, at 3 s. the day 03 l.: 03 s.: 00 d.:  
For 27 day's ½ for my man at 2 s. 6 d. the day 03 l.: 08 s.: 09 d.:  
For a labourer 27 days ¼ at 1 s. 8 d. the day 02 l.: 05 s.: 05 d.:  
Sum is 45 l.: 02 s.: 06 d.:   

The Bricklayer doth also his whole Bill take,  
Therefore a full discharge he doth then make,  
No copy here is needed, but the same,  
〈…〉 the sum and name   
A Smith's Bill may thus be made.  

Mr. Zach. Zinthos of London his Bill.  
Feb. 21. 1674, Two great Bars for the Chimney, 01 l.: 18 s.: 08 d.:  
26. Three great bolts for the doors, 00 l.: 05 s.: 10 d.:  
Mar. 19, One stock-lock for the outw. door, 0 l.: 12 s.: 06 d.:  
the 27, 1675. Four pair of large hinges, 01 l.: 18 s.: 00 d.:  
the 30, For mending the Jack 00 l.: 03 s.: 06 d.:  
For one Fireshovel with Grates 00 l.: 11 s.: 06 d.:  
April 13. For one very large fire-fork 00 l.: 08 s.: 00 d.:  
19 For 3 spits and a pair of Ranges 01 l.: 10 s.: 00 d.:  
23. For 30 large Hooks & 10 staples, 00 l.: 05 s.: 00 d.:  
07 l.: 13 s.: 08 d.:   

The Smith's bad fortune is but half to take,  
And therefore a discharge in part doth make,  
The which because it differs from the other,  
We do a copy for it here discover.   
An acquittance on the backside of the bill.  
Received May 29 1675, of Mr. Zacheus Zinthos, the sum of three pounds sixteen shillings, being in part of payment of the within written Bill, I say received.  
By me William Smith.  

When he the rest receives he then doth make,  
A full discharge, a copy you may take.   
Received the last of March 1676, of Mr. Zinthos, the sum of three pounds seventeen shillings, being for work done for him in 74, and 75, as per bill, I say received in full of that Bill.  

The Tailor's use is thus a Bill to make,  
Therefore their form I shall not strive to break.   

Mr. James Nichols his Bill.  
For 4 yards of Broadcloth at 13 s. 6 d. the yard, 2 l.: 14 s.: 00 d.:  
For making your suit and Coat 0 l.: 12 s.: 06 d.:  
For Canvas, for stays, and stiffening, 0 l.: 02 s.: 00 d.:  
For Silk and galoon 0 l.: 02 s.: 00 d.:  
For 16 dozen of Buttons, at 5 s. the dozen & loop-lace 4 l.: 00 s.: 02 d.:  
For Body & sleeve linings for your doublet, 0 l.: 02 s.: 00 d.:  
For Cottoning for the Hose and Pockets 0 l.: 03 s.: 00 d.:  
For Belly-pieces, Collar, hooks, eyes,— and stay Tape 0 l.: 01 s.: 06 d.:  
For Tabby for lining the Coat, 1 l.: 02 s.: 00 d.:  
For fine drawing the Coat 0 l.: 02 s.: 00 d.:  
For making your Brussel Camlet Cloak 0 l.: 06 s.: 00 d.:  
For Silk and Canvas for the Cape 0 l.: 01 s.: 00 d.:  
For 6 yards of shalloon to line the Cloak at 2 s. the yard comes to 0 l.: 12 s.: 00 d.:  
For a set of Silver and Gold buttons of the best sort 1 l.: 04 s.: 00 d.:  
For a neck loop for the Cloak 0 l.: 00 s.: 06 d.:  
For scizing the Flap 0 l.: 00 s.: 06 d.:  
Total sum 11 l.: 05 s.: 02 d.:   
Received the 21 of November 1673, the sum o● eleven pounds in full of this Bill, I say received.  
By me Geo. Slow.  
Another Tailor's Bill.  

Mrs. Sarah Phoach her Bill.  
For making your Silk-gown laced 00 l.: 15 s.: 00 d.:  
For stays for the same 00 l.: 05 s.: 06 d.:  
For Silk and galoon 00 l.: 01 s.: 06 d.:  
For sleeve and body linings 00 l.: 01 s.: 06 d.:  
For black calico to lay under the body and sleeves 00 l.: 01 s.: 00 d.:  
For Ribboning to the Gown 00 l.: 01 s.: 06 d.:  
For making your Petticoat richly laced 00 l.: 05 s.: 00 d.:  
For Bordering, binding, silk and Pockets l.: s.: d.:  
Total sum 01 l.: 13 s.: 06 d.:   
Received the 4 of December 1674 of Mistress Sarch Phoach, by the hands of her maid servant, Elizabeth Goodworker, the sum of twenty nine shillings in full of this bill, I say received 01 l.; 09 s.; 00 d.;  
By me William Nimble.  

You there may see two Tailors bills at large,  
Both paid, and therefore to each a discharge,  
Which may teach you how a receipt to make,  
Although you should not all the whole sum take.   
Here follows a Shoemakers bill.  

Mr. Lowmer Lowns his bill Novemb, 30. 1674,  
For 3 pair of men's shoes, at 4 s.: 4 d. the pair, 00 l.: 13 s.: 00 d.:  
For 4 pair of women's shoes, at 2 s.: 8 d. the pair, 0 l.: 10 s.: 08 d.:  
For one pair of large waxed boots, 01 l.: 04 s.: 00 d.:  
For 1 pair of women's laced shoes & slaps 00 l.: 09 s.: 06 d.:  
For one pair of cloth shoes and goloshes with ferry boats 00 l.: 09 s.: 00 d.:  
For vamping and waxing a pair of boots 00 l.: 06 s.: 06 d.:  
For 13 dozen of wooden heel shoes, at 30 s. the dozen 19 l.: 10 s.: 00 d.:  
For a pair of shashoons for boots 00 l.: 01 s.: 08 d.:  
Sum is 23 l.: 05 s.: 04 d.:   
Received the 19 of January 1674 of Mr. Lowns the full of this bill, I say received 23 l.: 05 s.: 04 d.:  
By me John Cordwainer,  

One thing yet follows more that needful is,  
That all should careful be they it not miss,  
And that is true discharges for their rent,  
When a full quarter is run out and spent,  
Lest they do pay to such that 'tis not due,  
And so the rightful landlord do them sue,  
There being many times much trouble when,  
The claiming Landlords are not honest men.  
Wherhfore when you your rent do pay,  
See that you keep this rule always,  
To take discharge from Landlords sure,  
And in such sort that may endure;  
If to the quarter day you have,  
Cleared all that the Landlord doth crave;  
See that he make his writing so,  
As is the form of this below.   
Received the 3 of December 1675; of Valentine Vease, the sum of fifty five shillings, which is for a quarters rend for his dwellinghouse, due at Michaelmas last, I say received, in full to that day. LV. s.  
by me William Wilson.  
A receipt for Rent in part.  
Received the 12 of January 1673 of Widow Lamey ten shillings, which is ●n part of payment for a quarters rend ●or her dwellinghouse, due at Christmas ●ast, I say received 10 s.  
By me Zachariah Zanthos.  
If for house and land thus.  
Received the 22 of August 1673, of A. B. the sum of nineteen pounds, being for a quarters rend for his dwelling-house, with sundry parcels of land there●nto adjoining, which he now holds by ●ase from me, due at Midsummer day ●●st past. I say received 19 l.  
An acquittance from one that receives rend by virtue of an order from the Landlord.  
Received the 28 of April 1674, of Richard Rowls the sum of ten pounds, which is for a years rend for his dwelling house, due last Lady day, I say reced for the use, and by the special order and appointment of my Mr. John Peaceable Esquire— 10 l.  
By me John yeoman.  

It is contentment to most men,  
accounts oft for to clear,  
And with exactness by their pen,  
The sum to make appear;  
And when the Balance between them both,  
is fully satisfied,  
They do a full discharge then make,  
that they long friends may bide,  
True copies therefore here are made,  
for both of them to make;  
And to prevent all future claims,  
each from the other take.   
A copy of a full discharge.  
Received the ninth day of October, 1674, of Mr. Leonard Fair-dealer, the sum of ninety pounds thirteen shillings, being for so much due upon account, & is in full of all reckon, deuce, debts, accounts and demands whatsoever to the day abovesaid— 90: l. 13. s. 0● d.  
Another of the same.  
October, 9 1674.  
Received then of Mr. James Peaceable upon account, two hundred pounds, being for goods sold him at sundry times, And is in full of all accounts, reckon Bonds, Bills, Debts, Deuce and Demands whatsoever, from the beginning of the world unto the day abovesaid, I say reced the sum aforesaid— 200 l.  
By me Leo. Fair-dealer.  

For to confirm a full discharge we do,  
Advise, a seal may be put thereunto,  
And if a witness may be gained 'twould be,  
Much more authentic to Posterity.   

When troubles and Law suits arise,  
Betwixt men in their Trade,  
And by the Law or Equity,  
good friends again are made;  
The safest way to keep them so,  
is such Writings to make;  
As may none suit the claiming man,  
when he a course doth take;  
A general discharge therefore,  
is requisite to be,  
Made and confirmed between them both,   
A copy of a general Release.  
KNow all men by these presents, That I Peter  of Muntham in the County of Kent Mercer, have remised, released, and for ever quit-claimed; and by these Presents do for me, my heirs; Executors, and Administrators remise, release, and for ever absolutely quit-claim unto John Quiet of the City of Westminster Taylor, his Heirs, Executors, and Adminstrators, all, and all manner of Actions, Cause and causes of Actions, Suits, Bills, Bonds, Writings Obligatory, Debts, Deuce, Duties, Accounts, sum, and sums of money, Judgements, Executions, Extents, Quarrels, Controversies, Trespasses, Damages, and demands whatsoever, both in Law and Equity, or otherwise howsoever; which against the said John Quiet, I ever had, now have, or which I, my Heirs, Executors, and Administrators, shall or may have, claim, challenge, or demand, for, or by reason of any matter, cause or thing, from the beginning of the World unto the day of the date of these presents. In witness whereof I have hereunto put my hand and Seal, this first day of April, Anno Domini, 1674.  
Sealed and delivered in the presence of Ambrose Observer Benja. True-heart, Scr. Peter Make-bait.  
The like should John Quiet sign, seal, and deliver unto Peter Make-bait, to prevent future controversy and trouble.    

An Alphabetical Table.  

ABandon, put away.  
Abase, bring low.  
Abet, to maintain.  
ABel, the second son of Adam.  
Able, sufficient.  
absolute, without exception.  
Abreviate, to shorten.  
abortive, a child born before its time.  
abrupt, disorder, out of frame.  
abrupt, disorderly.  
Absolve, to quit, free, forgive.  
absurd, against reason.  
acute, quick, witty.  
accurate, exact, curious.  
Achieve, to get the upperhand.  
Achieved, obtained the conquest.  
obsolete, of use.  
acceptance, entertainment  
accidence, introduction to Grammar.  
accident, change.  
incident, subject to casualty.  
account, esteem.  
Anchor, a valley.  
Acorn, that grows on Oaks,  
Acre of land, 160 Pole.  
Adage, a proverb, an old saying.  
Adopt, to make one his heir.  
addicted, devoted.  
adult, grown to full years.  
alias, otherwise.  
All, all things.  
Awl the shoemakers awl.  
Ale, to drink.  
ail, some trouble.  
alley a narrow passage.  
ally, associate.  
aloud, when one speaks so.  
Allowed, approved.  
Altar, on which they sacrifice.  
alter, to change,  
annual, yearly.  
Annal, Chronocle.  
arrows, to shoot with.  
arrowse, to stir up.  
arrass, rich cloth.  
harrass, to toil.  
Astronomy, art of Celestial bodies.  
ascent, a going upwards.  
Ass, a dull beast.  
ash, a tree.  
ask, to inquire.  
Asp, a serpent.  
Hasp, to fasten the door.  
Axe, to cut with.  
acts, great deeds.  
Ant, a pismire.  
Aunt, mother's sister.  
arrant, very,  
errand, business one goes on.  
attach, to take hold of a body.  
Athiesme, denying the Godhead.  
attaint, to corrupt.  
Attaque, to face about in a sea-fight.  
austere, a fierce grim man  
Oyster, a fish.  
attentive, to give diligent heed.  
audacity, boldness.  
augre, a Piercer.  
augment, increase.  
authentic, undoubted authority.  
awry, to go awry.   

B.  
Babble, a toy.  
Babel confusion  
Babble, to prate.  
Batcheler, one unmarried.  
Bachelor of Arts.  
bacon, swine's flesh dried.  
Barrister, a Lawyer that pleads at the bar.  
Beocon on a hill.  
beckon, to nod at.  
beautify, adorn.  
badge, a mark.  
batch, so many loaves as is baked at once.  
Bailiff, or Sergeant.  
bail; to put in security,  
bald, that hath lost his hair  
ball; to play with.  
bawl, to cry.  
Baal, an Idol.  
baulm, an herb.  
band; for the neck.  
bond, for money.  
Barbara, a woman's name  
Barbary, a part of Africa.  
Barbarism, cruelty.  
bark of a tree.  
Bark, a little ship.  
Berk-shire.  
base, dishonourable.  
Bas-Viol.  
Bear, a beast.  
beer, to drink.  
bier, to carry corpse.  
bellows, to blow with.  
bellies, paunches.  
 
bewray, discover.  
beseech, to entreat.  
besiege to beset soldiers.  
been, to keep bread in.  
been, were; or waist.  
biggin, to wear.  
begin, to enter on business.  
bittour, a wildsowl.  
bitter, not sweet.  
Bigamy, Marriage of two wives at once.  
bawdy, obscene, filthy.  
body, a substance.  
bodies of a gown.  
bowl, to wash in.  
bowl, to drink in, or to play with.  
To blanche, to pull of the rind.  
To bleach, or whiten clothes.  
boar, a swine.  
bore, to pierce a hole.  
bough of a tree.  
bow, to bend.  
bow to shoot.  
boy, a lad.  
Brachygraphy, shortwriting.  
bread; to eat  
bred reared up, or brought up.  
brain; or skull.  
bran of wheat.  
breaches, divisions.  
breeches; men wear.  
bruit, a rumour.  
brute, rude.  
bury, to lay in the earth.  
berry of rabbits.  
buy to purchase.  
by me, or by and by.  
Burglary, breaking into a house.  
Bombast, cotton; wool.   

C.  
CAble, a rope.  
Cabal, private consultation.  
call, to name.  
cawl, suet that covers the bowels.  
capable, fit to receive.  
Carol, a Song.  
Coral; for children.  
carriage, behaviour.  
Carrier, one that carries.  
career, a horse-race, full-speed.  
carrots to eat.  
Chariots to ride in.  
casuals that happens by chance.  
causey, a madeway.  
A channel; or gutter.  
A kennel for dogs.  
cease; to leave of.  
Celestial; heavenly.  
 
seize, to lay hold on.  
size, bigness.  
cellar; to lay drink in.  
cellar, one that selleth.  
cement, to fasten together.  
censure, a judgement.  
censor, a reformer.  
century, a plant.  
century, a hundred years'  
sentry, a soldier on watch  
chafe, to fret.  
chaff of wheat.  
chattels, all goods; leases.  
, beasts.  
cheer, to make merry.  
cheer, good food.  
A chare woman.  
chair; to sit in.  
child-blain, sores from chillness.  
Cittern, or cithern, an instrument of music.  
circumspect, wary.  
Citron; to eat.  
circumference, a round compass about a centre  
circumlocution, one word expressed by many.  
clause, a piece of a sentence.  
clarify, to make clear.  
Claws, nails.  
To  with cloth.  
Coat, a garment.  
cote, a plate of enclosed ground.  
coif, for women's head-attire  
could, be able.  
cogitation, thought.  
cooled; or made cold.  
collar; for a doublet.  
choler, a humour.  
Collier, that carrieth coals  
Scholar, one that learneth.  
colour the cloth.  
colours in the Globe.  
Comet, a blazing-star.  
common, free for any.  
complex, joined together.  
commune, to converse.  
comfort, matter of joy.  
confects made with Sugar.  
consumption, a wasting disease.  
condole, to mourn over.  
coop for hens.  
cope, to change.  
cops of wood.  
concise; brief.  
concomitant, that accompanies.  
Colonel over a regiment.  
compendious, short.  
Colony, a Plantation.  
colander; or strainer,  
Coroner, or Crowner.  
corroborate, to strengthen  
 
A connexion, a tying together.  
consanguinity, kindred by blood.  
consolidate, to make firm.  
conserve, to keep.  
conspicuous; clear; notable  
A constellation, a company of stars.  
consummate, to finish.  
counsel, advice.  
council, to take counsel in  
course, rough, gross.  
cormorant, glutton.  
corpse, a dead body.  
Costarmonger, an apple seller.  
costive, bound in body.  
Cousin, a near relation.  
cousin, to cheat.  
countermand, to bid contrary.  
current, a stream.  
currant, passable.  
corants, plums.  
cravet to be worn about the neek.  
crevet, a Goldsmith's melting-pot.   

D.  
Damn a stopping of the water.  
Damn, to condemn.  
 
Damsel, a brave lass.  
damsin, a black plum.  
Dandruff, or scurf in the head.  
A darling, one that's dear.  
dandyprat, dwarf.  
dear, beloved.  
it cost dear.  
deer, an hart, buck.  
defer, to delay.  
differ, to vary.  
demur, debate, doubt.  
deambulation, walking abroad.  
demure, modest.  
Desert, wildernese.  
desert, to forsake.  
descent, genealogy.  
decent, comely, handsome.  
descent, to disagree.  
devices, tricks.  
Devizes, a Towns name.  
diary, a daily calendar.  
dairy, where cheese is made.  
Dilate, enlarge.  
discomfit, to make comfortless.  
Dine, to eat a dinner  
Digest, to set in order.  
dissolute, debauched, lose.  
dissolate, uncomfortable.  
doer, a maker.  
door of a house.  
 
Domestic, household.  
dough, unbaked bread.  
done, finished.  
dun, a dark colour.  
Dost thou blow the dust.  
dolor, a Dutch-coine.  
dolour, grief.  
drain, to draw ponds dry.  
drawn, pulled.  
draught of drink.  
drought, dryness.  
driblets, small sums.  
dray, a Brewer's sled.  
draw, to pull.  
dew, small drops.  
due, or owing.  
dunce, an unapt boy.   

E.  
Ear, a man's ear.  
ere, before.  
to err in judgement.  
Year, 12 months.  
early, betimes.  
Yearly, year by year,  
edge, or brim.  
Hedge, or Fence.  
Earn, to get money.  
yern, moved with compassion.  
Yarn, thread.  
Earth we tread on.  
hearth, the chimney floor.  
East, where the sun riseth.  
Effeminate, woman-like,  
Egrimony, sickness, grief.  
Emerald, a precious-stone.  
Emeroids, Piles.  
Emulate, to strive to exceed.  
imminent, hanging over.  
Elegancy, fineness in speech.  
Esther, a Queen's name.  
Easter a times name.  
Hester, an Idols name.  
Yesterday, a day past.  
eyes, to see with.  
Ice, frozen water.  
inter, bury.  
enter, to go in.  
entire, whole.  
Endorse, to write on the backside.  
Epidemical, universal.  
Etymology, a true exposition.  
exasperate to make angry  
Extirpate, to root out.   

F.  
FAme, rumour.  
facility, ease, facile, easy.  
feign, to counterfeit.  
fanatic, a distracted per 〈…〉  
fair, beautiful.  
far, to feed on.  
feat, fine, neat.  
fell, to hue new timber.  
A Feoffee, one entrusted in an estate for another.  
felicity, happiness.  
fined for Alderman.  
find, to get again.  
fiends, evil spirits.  
fins on fish.  
fillip with a finger.  
Philip, a man's name.  
flea, to pull off the skin.  
flea, or that breeds in beds.  
flee, to escape.  
flitch of Bacon.  
flagrant, burning, ardent.  
flour of a chamber.  
flower of a plant.  
flower, fine meal.  
flocks of wool.  
Bloodyflux.  
fool, a silly fellow.  
foal, a young colt.  
foil, a repulse.  
fomentation, a warm medicine.  
foul, dirty.  
fowl, a bird.  
fore, before, former.  
four, a number, or 4 one's.  
forth, without.  
fourth day of June.  
freeze, shagged cloth.  
frieze, to congeal.  
froise, a sort of pancake.  
phrase, a acquaint expression  
furs, fine hairy skins.  
furze, prickly shrubs.  
frugal, thrifty.   

G.  
Galleys, great boats.  
Gallows, to hang rogues.  
guard, a great hem of a garment.  
Guard, a company of men that guard a person.  
Gargoyle, to wash the mouth and throat.  
garden where plants grow  
Guardian, One trusted with a fatherless child.  
Garrulity, or vain babbling.  
gentle, mild.  
Gentile, Heathen.  
Gestures, the carriage of the body.  
Jester, one that breaks a jest.  
Genius, a natural inclination.  
Geography, a description of the earth.  
glister as gold.  
clyster, given to a sick man.  
Gay, a fine suit of clothes.  
gout, a disease in the joints  
grass of the earth.  
graze, to eat grass,  
Grace infused into the soul  
Grace, a colour.  
Greyhound.  
groan, to make a doleful cry.  
grown, thriven.  
groat, four pence.  
grot, a cave.  
a gross, 12 dozen.  
gross, fat.  
guess, a conjecture.  
guest, to conjecture.  
guest, whom we entertain.  
guilt, or guilty.  
guilt, gilded.  
gun, to shoot.  
gone, went away.   

H.  
HAch, to hach cold meat.  
hatch for a door.  
hatch up the chicken.  
hatches of a ship.  
hale, to lug  
Hailstones  
hare, we hunt  
Hair, of the head  
A haunch of Venison  
heir, the eldest son  
an harbinger, one that goes before  
Halser, that which haileth a  
hie, to make hast  
high, lofty  
hoy, avessel  
heart in the breast  
hart, a Deer  
hear, harken  
here, in this place  
herring, a fish  
heard, I did hear  
Herd, a drove of   
hard, solid  
Hearse, to lay over the dead  
Hippocras, a kind of sweet wine compounded.  
hoarse with a cold  
Horse, to ride on  
Hollow, empty  
hollo, to cry aloud  
hallow, to make holy  
holly, a tree  
holy, devout  
hole that is bored  
whole, the total  
Honny-moon, a proverb applied to some that love well at first, and not so well afterward  
home at his house  
whom, that which  
hoop of a barrel  
whoop, or cry aloud  
hoar, a frost  
whore, a harlot  
horehound a plant  
hue, avisage, Physiognomy  
hu and cry  
hue, to cut  
hough, a sudden pet  
hurly burly, a tumult  
Hirarchy, Principality in subordination   

I.  
Jambs, side posts of a door  
James, a man's name  
Idol, a false God  
idle, slothful  
Isle or Island, oil Olive  
employ, to set to work  
Ignominy, infamy  
Illegitimate, base born  
incite, to provoke  
insight, skill in any thing  
impugn, to stir against, resist  
impenetrable, that which  
cannot be pierced  
impregnable, invincible  
imprecation, cursing  
imbecility, weak, infirm  
ingenuous, free, good natured  
inflexible, not to be moved  
ingenious, good parts  
Inn, a house of entertainment  
in, in this place  
inculcate, to press, to teach by often repetition.  
interpellation, a let in ones business, an interruption  
inviolable that cannot be broken  
Job, a patient man  
jobs, an odd piece of work  
joul of Salmon  
Joice, a woman's name  
joist, a little beam  
jointure, wife's dowry  
juice, liquor squeezed out  
iterate, to repeat a thing  
itch, a humour  
hitch, entangle  
jug, a bottle  
Jurisdiction, power, authority, mastership, dominion   

K.  
kill, to destroy  
kiln, to dry malt in  
kailes, nine pins  
chyle, meat first digested  
keel, the bottom of a ship  
keen, or sharp  
kin, one nearly related  
knead the dough  
The nave of a cart wheel  
knave, a vile fellow   

L.  
leger de main, crafty conveyance  
lamb, that a sheep brings  
lame, one that halts  
launch, to put out a ship from harbour  
lass, a young maid  
last, to make shoes upon  
Latin, the latin tongue  
Latin, tin  
line in writing  
loin of mutton  
Leaden, made of Lead  
Leyden a University in Holland  
led, was led by another  
lead, to guide  
league, a covenant of peace  
leg, that one goes upon  
leper, one that leapeth  
Leper, one that hath the Leprosy  
Leopard, a spotted beast  
lease, to pick up shattered corn  
a leash of hounds  
lease, an indenture  
least, that which is least  
less, small  
lessee; he that takes a leas  
jest; a note of forbidding;  
Legion; six thousand men  
legends; Popish fables  
Leman; a strumpet  
Lemons, or Oranges  
lessen; to make less  
lesson; that Scholars learn  
Letice, a woman's name  
lettuce; an herb  
lattices; cross bars in windows  
lice, filthy vermin  
lies; false tales  
lighter of Coals  
limber; weak; easily bend  
limner that draws pictures  
liturgy, the common prayer  
lethargy; a drowsy disease  
loath; to disdain  
loath; unwilling  
Lunatic; frantic  
lustre; shining  
luxurious; riotous; given to pleasure   

M.  
Mail; a coat of mail to pack up things  
megazine; a store-house for war  
Maugre; in spite; against ones will  
Male; the he; or Masculine  
melancholy; sad; heavy; sullen; solitary  
major; a commander in the Army  
metropolitan; chief city or town  
mayor of a city, Lord Major  
Maturity, ripeness, fullness  
mare, that bears colt  
A mark, two nobles, thirteen shillings 4d.  
main, might, chiefest  
mane of a horse  
manchet, fine white bread  
mansion, a Lords chief house  
manner, fashion  
manners, good carriage  
manor, a Lordship  
manure, to dungground  
maranatha, accursed  
marred, spoiled, corrupted  
married, joined in marriage  
marshal, the name of an Officer  
martial, belonging to war  
martin, a bird  
martyr, Christ's witness  
Merton, a Town in Surrey  
mass, the Popish litany  
mast, the mast of a ship  
mast, acorn  
medlar, a sort of fruit  
meddler, a busy body  
melon, a kind of pompion  
million, ten hundred thousand  
meet, fit, convenient  
meat, that we eat  
message, errand  
message, tenement  
 
meeter, fit  
metre, verse, rhyme  
Mithridate; a confection in Physic  
might, power  
mile, 1760 yards in length  
mite, small coin, a worm  
moat, a pond abouta house  
mote, the least dust or that which breeds in wool  
Moor, a man's name  
more; that exceedeth  
moor; a fenny ground  
mortar that we pound in  
mortar; made of lime and sand  
Moiety, the one half  
more. for more  
mow; to cut grass  
mow, a rick of corn  
muzzle, to stop the mouth  
muscle, a small shell fish  
muscle, a moving part of the body   

N.  
NAught, bad, wicked.  
Nought, nothing.  
Nether, lower.  
neither, none of them.  
nesh, tender, effeminate.  
nice, curious, delicate.  
Niece, a brother or siders  
Nephew, a brother's son.  
neigh as horses do.  
nay, not so, or no.  
nigh, near.  
A Noble, six shillings 8 d.  
nose on the face.  
Noise, stir, clamour.  
News, report of things.  
nonnage; one not come to age.  
notorious, noted for some vice.   

O.  
OBscene, filthy.  
Oar, to row with.  
Over, unrefined metal.  
Oyer and terminer.  
One, the first number.  
own, to acknowledge with propriety.  
Omniscient, Allseeing.  
ominous, portending good or hurt.  
Once, one time.  
One's, of one, as one's body, one's right  
Ounce in weight.  
Onion, a plant.  
Union, agreement.  
Oh, a note of bemoaning.  
Opprobrious, reproachful  
Own, to be in debt.  
Oppugn, to assault, to batter.  
Orthography, true writing.  
Ostentation, vain boasting   

P.  
A Pace, or step, 2 feet ½.  
Pail, to carry milk in.  
pale, or wan.  
pale, or pales to a garden.  
Paragraph; that which is contained in one sentence.  
Pair, a pair of hose.  
pair, to cut off.  
repair, to mend what is decayed, or to go to a place.  
palate, the roof of the mouth.  
Pallet, a little bed  
palliate, to cloak a business.  
Pavilion, a tent.  
pains, labour.  
panes of glass.  
pans of Brass.  
Parson of a Parish.  
penetrate, to pierce.  
person, a man or moman  
penury, want.  
partition, as a wall.  
petition, an humble request.  
Permanent, durable.  
Patent open, as a letter  
Patins, that women walk upon.  
patience, that grace of suffering.  
Patient, a sick person.  
Pause, a stop in speaking.  
paws of a Lion.  
piece, a piece of cloth.  
pease, pulse.  
Pear, a sort of fruit.  
Peer, a Noble man.  
pebble, a little stone.  
people, a multitude of men.  
pens for writing.  
pence, as six pence.  
pestle, wherewith we pound, something.  
Pessle of Pork.  
Epistle, a letter.  
Pistol, a little gun.  
pizzle of a beast.  
Phlebotomy, letting blood  
Pilate, who condemned Christ.  
Pilot, a guide of a ship.  
place, room, space.  
plaice, a flat fish.  
plat, a parcel of ground.  
plait, to set the hair in order.  
play, a game, or comedy.  
plea, a defence, excuse.  
To poach an egg.  
Pottage, or porridge to eat.  
Portage, carriage.  
Pole, a long stick.  
poll the head, or to cut the hair.  
poor, in want.  
poor, to fix the eyes on a thing.  
potion, a parcel or quantity given.  
portion, a daughter's portion.  
power, might.  
power out of a vessel.  
pragmatical, a practitioner in the Law, or one expert in many things.  
Pray, to put up requests to God.  
Prey, a spoil, to devour.  
Pry, to search into.  
precedent, foregoing.  
Precedent, chief-ruler, or example.  
Press of people.  
Prest-money.  
Press for books.  
price, value, worth.  
prize, taken from an enemy, or to value goods  
Praise, to commend.  
principal, chief.  
principle, a fundamental  
propensity, towardness, inclination  
profit, advantage.  
Profundity, depth.  
profound, deep.  
Prophet, one that foretells things.  
Puissant, mighty, strong.   

Q.  
Quadripartite, of four parts  
Quadruple; four times as much.  
quarrel, strife, bickering  
quarie of glass  
quarry of stones  
query, a question  
quarter, the fourth part  
quartan, belonging to the 4th. part  
quench, to put out fire  
quince; a fruit  
quean; a strumpet  
Queen; the King's wife   

R.  
Raca; empty, silly  
Rachal; a place  
Radition; brightness  
Rachel, jacob's wife  
radical; inbred  
rakehell; a notorious rogue  
race; descent; or horse-race  
 
rack, to torment men  
rack, for horse's hay  
wreck, ruin  
shipwreck, a ship cast away  
raise, to lift up  
rays, sunbeams  
rise, to rise up  
Razor, to shave with  
A raiser of taxes  
rice, a sort of corn  
rosin, a binding gum  
read, as to read a book  
red, a colour  
reed, that grows  
real, sincere, in earnest  
royal, Kingly, noble  
rear, to lift up  
rare, something excellent  
rear, behind as rearward  
reciprocal, mutual  
reign, to rule as sovereign  
rain, drops from the sky  
rainbow  
rain of a bridle  
reins, of the back  
to rinse linen  
recapitulate, to rehearse briefly  
retch, to stretch  
reach, to fetch a thing to one  
wretch, miserable  
to repugn, to resist  
right, equal; just  
right hand  
rite, ceremony  
writ with a pen  
Wright, a man's name  
rhetoric the art of speaking eloquently  
roan, reddish colour  
Roven, a city in France  
Rome; a City  
room to rage, tear all before one  
room; a space, a chamber  
rough; rugged, course  
roof of an house  
ruff; plaited as a ruff band  
row; of Trees  
row; in a boat  
roe; a wild-goat  
rowel of a spur  
rule; that we should walk by   

S.  
safeguard; sure custody  
sage; a herb  
sage; grave, wise;  
sageness; gravity; weightiness  
saveguard, that women ride in  
sale; to be sold  
sail of a ship  
salve; a plaster  
save; to defend; or deliver  
saviour, one that saves  
scarce, hardly  
scars; cuts healed up  
scent, smell; that hounds do follow.  
since; since the time  
senses; 5 senses; hearing; seeing; smelling; tasting; feeling  
sent; I did send  
school; where boys are taught  
scull; the brain pan  
scholars; such as do learn  
scullers; little boats  
Sea, the Ocean  
say; to speak  
see; to behold  
seal; as to seal a letter  
ciel; to make a ceiling  
seer; a prophet  
Seir; a country  
senior; the elder  
junior, the younger  
Signior; the chief man in Turkey  
season; as to make livery, to give the right to another  
seisin possession  
season; opportunity  
Sex; as male or female  
sects; factions  
Surgeon, or Chirurgeon.  
Sergeant at Mace that Ar●●●  
Shear, that we cut.  
sheer quite off.  
shire, a County.  
share, part with another.  
shave, as Barbers do.  
sheaves of corn.  
sheathe, to put into the sheath.  
sheep, that bears wool.  
Ship, that goes to Sea.  
sinister, unjust, not equal.  
shekel of the sanctuary, two shillings.  
sickle, to reap with.  
shoot, a young sprig.  
shoot, bullets, arrows.  
shout, make a noise.  
shut the door.  
Shute, a man's name.  
Soldier that fights.  
shoulder of the body.  
shrew, a field mouse.  
shrew, a cursed woman.  
shuttle, to wove with.  
subtle, cunning.  
sight of the eyes.  
cite, to quote an author.  
sign, a mark.  
sing with the voice.  
sing, in the flame.  
sink, a gutter.  
cinque-port-town.  
sigh, a mourning.  
sith, seeing that.  
; that we mow with.  
seethe; to boil.  
slead; to drag things on.  
sledge; a huge hammer.  
slow; not quick.  
slough; a dirty pool.  
so; as in that manner.  
to sow corn; seed.  
sew; with needle and thread.  
I saw; or have seen.  
to saw timber.  
Sole; of the foot.  
sole; only; a fish.  
soul; or body.  
soar; to fly higher.  
sore; painful; tender.  
sour, contrary to sweet.  
some, few; certain; some body.  
sum; a sum of money.  
sun; the sun that shines.  
son; a father's son.  
spear; a sharp pointed weapon.  
sphere; the circle wherein the stars move.  
stairs; steps to go up.  
stairs; birds.  
stare, to look steadfastly on.  
Stars, in the firmament.  
staple of the door.  
staple; a firm commodity.  
stable; for horses.  
stopple of a bottle.  
stature; proportion; bigness.  
Statute; Law made.  
Statue; an Effigies.  
stead; room; lieu; in stead of.  
Steed; a stately horse.  
bedstead; that we lie upon.  
steel; to edge tools withal.  
style; a faculty in writing.  
Steer, a Bullock.  
steer; to guide a Ship.  
stood; did stand.  
stud; a small post.  
strait; even; quickly.  
straight; distress, straight.  
secure; aid; relief.  
sucker; a sprig.  
Suit in Law  
suit of clothes  
Suet; fat of Beef, or mutton  
swound; to faint.  
sound; entire.   

T.  
TAber; timbrel, a little drum.  
taper; a stately wax candle.  
entail; an inheritance in fee  
Tail; of a beast.  
tale, an idle story.  
tall, high in stature.  
Teal; a fowl.  
Tares, weeds in the corn.  
tears, that we do weep.  
Taint, to infect.  
Taunt, to flout; jeer.  
attaint; to convict by Law  
Thames, a river.  
Team, of Horses  
teem, to be with child.  
teat, which a child sucks.  
Tit, a little horse.  
Tenor; in music.  
Tenor, the purport of a thing.  
Tenure the manner of holding tenements  
thorough; as to pierce thorough  
through; by means of  
throw; to cast off  
Thrush a singing bird  
truss; to tie up  
thyme; a herb  
time; continuation of hours  
Title of honour; or right to a thing  
tittle; a point; a spick  
toe, the toe of the foot  
too, too much or too little  
tow; Ockam; combing of 〈◊〉  
two, two things  
to; to a place  
two; to hale a boat  
tomb; a monument, sepulchre  
tome; a section part of a folio  
tongue; that we speak with  
tongs; to take up coals with  
torn; that torners do make  
turn; to move to and fro  
torn; or rend  
tract; footsteps  
tract; or treatise  
treaty; parley concerning peace  
treatment; entertainment  
tripartite, of three parts  
trey, a vessel  
trey, number of three   

V.  
vacant, empty  
vacation, a respite time  
vocation, calling or employment  
vain, empty, foolish  
vein in the body  
veil, covering of the face  
vale, to put off, submit  
vale, or valley  
vale, farewell  
Venice, a great City  
Venus, the goddess of  
vial, phial, a wide mouthed pot, or cup  
Viol., an instrument of music  
vice, wickedness  
voice, to sing with  
visage feature in the face  
vizard to hid the face with  
vital spirits wherein life is seated  
victuals, food, provision  
Vourcher, advocate   

U.  
Umbleses, of a Dear  
humble; low, submissive  
Umpire; that decides a controversy  
use, custom  
usury, money upon interest  
us; we  
Uz, Jobs Country  
utensils, things necessary for our use  
vulgar, common   

W.  
Wain, declining of the Moon  
won, pale, of a sickly look  
wand, a riding rod  
waist, one's middle  
waste, desolate, useless  
waits, the City musicians  
waste, or wert  
waits, he waiteth  
weights, as Troy weight 12 ounces to a pound, or Avoir de pois weight 16 ounces to a pound  
wight, an Island  
wales a Country  
walls of a City  
wale, great thread in stuff  
bewail, to bemoan  
Wakes, country feasts  
a wake, to rouse up  
walk, to go by leisure  
walks, where people do walk  
wardship, the guardianship of Orphan  
worship, an Esquires dignity  
warp, to chap as boards do  
warp, yarn; woven  
woof yarn, that goeth athwart the cloth  
hoof of a Horse  
way, that we walk in  
weigh, to try in a balance  
weigh, a weigh of Cheese  
whey, and buttermilk,  
wear, to put on  
were, they were  
were, a commodity  
wire, Iron thread  
we'll, to catch fish  
we'll, for we will  
weal, wealth; a pimple  
wield, to turn a sword about  
wild, untame  
wicked, ill given, debauched  
wicket; an half door  
win, to get a wager  
wind, that blows  
wine, squeezed out of grapes  
witch, that bewitcheth  
which, that, who  
woad, dying stuff  
wood, fuel; timber  
woe, alas misery  
woe, to be a suitor  
wrap, to fold in  
rap, to give a small blow  
rape; to force  
wring, to squeeze hard  
ring, on the finger  
wrote; I have written  
wrought, I did work  
by rote, without book  
wrong, to do wrong   

X.  
Xpian, Christian, X ten   

Y.  
YEa, yes  
yet, nevertheless  
to wit, viz. or videlicet, that is to say  
yeast, barm, to mix with meal for bread  
it's, for it is  
'tis, for it is  
you, thou, ye  
an ewe, or sheep  
yrksom, tedious  
yellow of colour  
year, 12 Months, or 365 days, and 6 hours'  
ynkhorn, to put ynk in, to write withal  
yield, to render up, to submit  
yew, tree  
yolk, of eggs  
yoke, that oxen draw in  
Oak, a tree  
yore, in old time  
ewer, a small necked pot  
your, as your book   

Z.  
ZEdary, wormseed  
zeal, great love, ardent affection  
The Zodiac, that of the firmament, underwhich the planets move  
Zion, or Mount Zion, the Church of God, whom he hath chosen to dwell in for ever.    


These proper names, with what they signify,  
Are here added, for you to learn thereby.   

ABel, mourning  
Abiah, the will of God  
Abraham, father of a great multitude  
Adam, man, earthly  
Abigail, the father's joy  
Andrew, strong, or manly  
Barnabas, the son of consolation  
Baruch, blessed  
Benjamin, the son of the right hand  
Bethel, the house of God  
Caleb, as a Hart  
Daniel, judgement of God  
David, beloved  
Eleazar the help of God  
Eliezer the help of God  
Elijah, God the Lord, or a strong Lord  
Elisha, my God saveth or the health of God  
Emanuel, God with us  
Ephraim, fruitful  
Eunice, good victory  
Ezekiel, the strength of God  
Enoch, taught or dedicated  
Ezra, an helper  
Gabriel, a man of God  
Habakuk, a wrestler  
Hilkiah, the Lords gentleness  
Jacob, a supplanter  
James, a maintainer  
Ichabod, the glory is departed  
Jedidah, beloved  
Jehosaphat, the Lord is the judge  
Jesus a Saviour  
Job, sorrowful  
Joseph, increase  
Israel, a prince with God  
Isaac, laughing  
Lazarus, the help of God  
Levi, joined  
Lot, wrapped, joined  
Melchizedek, king of righteousness  
Mehetabel, how good is God, or God doing well  
Michael, who is God, or who is like God  
Moses, drawn up, or taken out  
Nehemiah, comfort, or the Rest of the Lord  
Noah a ceasing or rest  
Paul, marvellous  
Peniel, seeing God  
Peter, a stone, or rock  
Phebe, clear, or bright  
Phinehas; a bold countenance  
Philip, a warrior  
Rachel, a sheep  
Rebecca, fed, or blunt, contention, or contention hindered  
Sabbath, Rest  
Samuel, heard of God  
Sarah, a Lady, or dame  
Shem, renowned  
Simon, hearing, or obeying  
Theophilus, a friend of God  
Thomas, deepness, without bottom  
Timothy, the honour of God  
Titus, honourable  
Vzziel, the strength of God  
Zabdiel, the dowry of God  
Zachariah, mindful of the Lord  
Zephaniah, the hiding of the Lord   
FINIS