Imprimatur.  
Ex Aed. Sab. Jul. 1. 1663. Geor straddling S.T.P. Rev. in Christo Pat. D. Gilb. Epis●. Lond. à Sac. Domestic.   

THE DESCRIPTION AND THE PRACTICE Of the four most admirable BEASTS; Explained in four SERMONS, Upon REVEL. 4.8. Whereof the first three were preached before the Right Honourable, JAMES Duke of ORMOND, And Lord Lieutenant of IRELAND his Grace, And the two Houses of Parliament, and others, very Honourable Persons.  
By the Right Reverend Father in God, Gr. Lord Bishop of OSSORY.  
London, Printed by Tho. Roycroft, for Philemon Stephens, and are to be sold at the Golden Lion in St. Paul's Churchyard. 1663.   

TO THE Most virtuous and the most honourable of Ladies, THE LADY ELIZABETH, Duchess of ORMOND Her Grace.  
Elect Lady,  
YOur daily Orator, that formerly hath written Books and Epistles to mighty Kings and most honourable Princes, doth now beg leave to dedicate these ensuing Sermons unto your Grace's view. I know many Scholars expecting their preferment, will not be wanting to express the noble Acts, unparaleld Fidelity, and most justly deserved Honours and Praises of the thrice honourable your dear Husband, the Duke of Ormond's Grace; but my age bids me expect my dissolution, and not worldly promotion: and therefore only challengeth that presumption to dedicate these few Sermons unto your Grace's view, not as some others use to do, to beg for any patronage or defence, for any thing that I have said therein; (for what is good will justify itself, and what is amiss, let it be justly blamed, I will never protect it) but to show unto the world how highly I do honour your Grace, and would needs find out, by what ways I should propagate and perpetuate your Grace's Worth, Piety, and Virtue to the indelible view and remembrance of all your Offspring, for their glory and the glory of all their Posterities, for their example throughout all the remainder of these last Ages of the World: for I believe that I may truly say it, without error, that neither Gorgonia, nor Trasilla, nor any other of those glorious Stars, that in their times shined in the Firmament of the Church, and which are registered to Posterities for their everlasting praise by Saint Nazianzen, Saint Jerome, and other Fathers of the Church were comparably so blessed in the choicest of the blessings of this life, 
* Id est, in their Husbands and Children.  nor were they so patiented in their afflictions, so pious in their conversation, so humble and so meek in their demeanour towards the worthiest of God's Ministers, as your Grace hath always showed yourself to be unto all even the meanest of God's servants, and especially to me, when in a very mean condition, I came to wait upon your Grace in Donmore, before the King came into the Kingdom; and I must pass over your wise, discreet, and most prudent carriage of great affairs, and in such desperate times, to the benefit and preservation of many good men and faithful Subjects to his Majesty, in the midst of a froward, subtle, and perverse Generation, without which they had been utterly destroyed: And I pass over these things and many other most eminent virtues and endowments of your Ladyship; because I am not sufficiently able to  and delineate the same, so sweetly and so commendably as your Grace hath showed; to the full measure of your deservings: but though mine ability reacheth not to express your worth, yet this my devotion shall never be wanting to show my desires with the best of my prayers, and all the faculties of my soul, to be your Orator unto God, and to make your name and memorial in the World, like the remembrance of Josias, fair as the Lily, and sweet as the precious ointment that is made by the art of the Apothecary: So I rest,  
Most honourable Lady Your Grace's most faithful Orator and Servant while I am Gr. Ossory.   

TO THE CHRISTIAN READER.  
My dear Brother,  
MY only aim and desire hath always been, to promote the glory of God, the honour of my King, the benefit of the Church of Christ, and the good of all my Neighbours: To those ends I have laboured, I have preached, I have printed many books. And the best way, that I conceived to do good unto my Neighbours, was, to teach them to observe, and never to departed from the society and practice of Justice, Obedience, and Charity; Justice among themselves, and towards all men; Obedience to their King, and to all their superior Governors; and Charity or mercy to the poor and oppressed. These were the main marks I always shot at; and to further these exercises, I thought myself obliged to do it with all my might, without either fear or flattery. And therefore let neither Kings, Princes, nor Magistrates frown at me, when I reprove them, if they be unjust; for the great men do the more usually, as being the more able, commit the acts of injustice: and let not the rebellious Subjects, nor the seditious Sectaries rail at me for painting out the ugly shapes and loathsome visages of their Treasons and Wickednesses against their Kings and Governors, whom God hath set over them, and commanded them to obey: neither let the rich, covetous, and wretched worldlings, whose hearts are as hard as stones from yielding any the least drop of relief unto the poor and needy, and those that are ready to starve in the streets, blame me, if for these unmerciful cruelties, and cruel neglect of mercies, I shall thunder out God's judgements, and pour forth the vials of God's wrath, that are prepared against them; for as Nehemiah said, when his friends persuaded him to fly away for fear of his enemies, that sought to destroy him, Is it fit that such a man as I should fly? 
Neh. 6.11.  So I conceive, it is not fit, that such a man as I, (that am a Bishop, and an aged man, ready for my dissolution, and no other translation, but to be translated unto my fathers) should now flatter any person, or be afraid to speak the truth, or to reprove sins, worthy to be reproved, for fear of the frowns, threats, or malice of any man. And therefore, as the Poet saith, Me, me, adsum qui feci, in me convertite ferrum. And as I said with Pilate, in the first Sermon that ever I printed, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, what I have written, I have written, Nec poterit abolere vetustas.  
Jehovae Liberatori.   

The Description and the Practice of the four most admirable Beasts.  REVEL. 4.8. 
And the four Beasts had each of them six wings about him, and they were full of eyes within, and they rest not day and night, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.  
I Have begun to treat of these words in this place long ago; and let no man marvel, that I intent by God's help to prosecute the explication thereof at this time; because this Text seems to me, like the Ocean sea, so large, that it cannot be measured, and so deep, that it cannot be fathomed by any humane wit; the same being omnia in omnibus, all in all: For  
First, Here is God the Creator of all things, and all that is knowable or may be known concerning God, as that ineffable mystery of the Trinity, or three persons in the one only Essence of the Deity; and therefore appointed to be read for the Epistle on Trinity Sunday; and all the chiefest Attributes of God, as  
1. His Purity and sanctity in the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 three times repeated, to show the three persons of the Deity, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.  
2. His Power, authority and dominion, in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is set down in the singular number, to show the Unity of the Godhead.  
3. His Wisdom, knowledge and providence, in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which is derived 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, because he seethe all things, and all things are patent to his eyes, & attingit a fine usque ad finem, & dispovit omnia suaviter.  
4. His Omnipotency, in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Almighty, quia voluntas ejus potestas ejus, because he can do whatsoever he would do, he needs but say the word and it is done.  
5. His Eternity, in the words, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which crowneth all the rest of God's Attributes, that otherwise would be of no such value, if it were not for this Eternity, that makes him to be whatsoever he is for ever.  
Secondly, Here are the creatures of God, and the chief of all God's creatures; as  
1. The Lion, which is the King of all the Beasts of the field.  
2. The Calf or the Ox, which is the most painful and most useful creature for the service of man, and the most acceptable in the sacrifices of God.  
3. The Eagle which is the Lord and Master of all the Fowls of the Air; and,  
4. Man which is the Prince and Ruler of all those, and of all the Beasts of the field, the Fowls of the air, the Fishes of the sea, and whatsoever walketh through the paths of the seas.  
Thirdly, Here is Religion, and the best of all Religions, the Christian Religion, most amply, though enigmatically and mystically, set forth unto us; for,  
1. Here is both the natures and the offices of Christ, and the chiefest things that he did, and that we are to understand and believe for our salvation; they are all here expressed unto us; as,  
1. His divine nature, under the notion of the Eagle and her lofty flight.  
2. His humane nature is noted unto us, by him that had the face and appearance of a man.  
And as his natures and the quality of his person are here thus mystically expressed; so his offices, that he was to discharge, are here likewise in the same manner, of the Egyptian Hieroglyphics, set forth unto us; as.  
1. His Regal and Kingly office, whereby he was to rule and govern his Church, is here to be understood by the Lion, which is the King of all the Beasts.  
2. His Priestly office, whereby he was to teach and to instruct his people, and to offer sacrifice unto God, to appease his wrath and so to take away the sin of the world, is here most aptly expressed by the Ox or Calf, that was deemed the most acceptable sacrifice, that could be offered unto God: 
Num. 23.1.  as you may see by the sacrifice of Balaam.  
And, as his natures and his offices are here thus to be understood; so the chiefest things that he was to do, and the chiefest points that we are to believe, are likewise here fairly expressed under what is signified by these four Beasts; as, 

1. His Incarnation, by him that had the face of a man.  
2. His Passion, by the Ox, or Calf.  
3. His Resurrection, by the Lion.  
4. His Ascension, by the flying Eagles.    
Fourthly and lastly, not only the foresaid particulars concerning Christ and these main points of Christian Religion are hereby to be observed, but also all the whole duty of man, and the chiefest points that every Christian ought to discharge, if he looks for eternal happiness, are here expressed unto us, under the qualities, conditions, description, and practice of these Beasts, as hereafter I shall more fully declare unto you.  
And so you see, here is sententia brevis, a short speech, but materia uberrima, an Ocean of matter to sail over. And do you think that I can pass through such a world of most weighty points within the compass of one inch of time, less than one little hour? that cannot be, by a far better head than mine.  
Therefore I must crave leave only to go as far as I can, until I shall have your Grace and this honourable audience leave to proceed at some other time unto the rest of these points.  
And for our more orderly proceeding at this time, I shall humbly desire you to observe these three points: 

1. The number of these Bests.  
2. The description of these Beasts.  
3. The practice of these Beasts.    
1. 
1 1. The number of the Feasts sonr● Gen. 31.7.  For their number, it is said they were four Beasts. And you must remember, that sometimes a certain number is put for an uncertain, as when Jacob said unto Laban, Thou hast changed my wages ten times; that is, several times. But here I take this number to be as it is set down, to signify four Beasts, and neither more nor less.  
2. 
2 2. The description of the Beasts.  The description of these Beasts is twofold; 

1. Particular and proper to each one.  
2. General and common to them all.    
1. 
1 1. The proper and particular description of the Beasts.  Touching their particular description: we are to consider.  
1. Who and what they are that are thus expressed by these Beasts.  
2. Why each one of them is so expressed, as they are here described unto us.  
For the first, 
Aug. de civet. Dei●l. 8. c. 3.  I may truly say with St. Aug. Alii●atque alii aliud atque aliud opinati sunt, several men have had their several interpretations of them; and I find four expositions of them to be most of all respected, 

1. Of the Papists.  
2. Of the Puritans.  
3. Of some latter Writers of the Protestants.  
4. Of the Ancient Fathers.    
1. The Papists, interpreting this vision of the Militant Church, do understand the same by Heaven; and by the seat that was set therein, they understand the authority of the Church of Rome: by the Lamb or him that sat on the seat, their universal Bishop the Pope: and by these four Beasts, they would have us to understand the 4, Patriarchships, 

1. Of Antioch.  
2. Of Ephesus.  
3. Of Jerusalem.  
4. Of Alexandria.   Which have always had the greatest power and chiefest authority next after the Church of Rome. And by the 24. Elders, that sat upon the 24. seats, they understand the six Arch Bishops that were in every Patriarchship, as 1. in Antioch. The Archbishop, 1. of Mesopotamia, 2. of Ninivee, 3. of Babylon, 4. of Assyria, 5. of Parthia, 6. of Media.  
2. In Ephesus. The Archbishop, 1. of Smyrna, 2. of Pergamus, 3. of Thyatira, 4. of Philadelphia, 5. of Sardis, 6. of Laodicea.  
And so the rest of Jerusalem and of Alexandria. But this exposition seemeth furthest from the truth.  
I. Because they interpret it of the Priesthood, Church and Government thereof, altogether externally, Whereas indeed the Kingdom and Priesthood of Christ is altogether spiritual, Non quod hoc etiam temporaliter non possideat. 
Chrysost. hom. 82. in c. 18, Johan.  sed quod in coelis habeat imperium, as St. Chrysost. saith.  
II. For that the Church of Rome was not as then Empress and chief Lady of all other Churches, nor afterwards, till the time of the Emperor Phocas, 
In Regist. ejusdem Gregorii.  as it appeareth by the Epistles of Gregory Bishop of Rome unto the Emperor Mauritius.  
III. Because that if this exposition were true, the Archbishoprics of Italy, Spain, France, Britain, Germany, and the like, should be excluded, which were too great a wrong from this vision; or they could not tell under which Patriarchship they should be comprehended.  
Exposition. 2 The second Exposition is of Brightman and his followers, that say, these four Beasts do signify the  state, quality, and condition of the Ministers of the Church of Christ, from the time of our Saviour's Ascension to his coming to judgement. As,  

1 1. Age.  1. In the infancy of the Church they were bold and stout like Lions to preach the Gospel of Christ, so that although, as Eusebius saith, Alii flammis exusti, alii ferro perempti, alii patibulo cruciati, 
Euseb. l. 8. c. 11 & 12.  & alii flagris verberati, Some were burned to ashes, some slain with the sword, Some hanged, and others whipped to death; yet they ceased not to publish the truth of Jesus Christ, because they knew, that as S. Bern. saith, Vere tuta pro Christo & cum Christo pugna, in qua nec vulneratus, nec occisus fraudaberis à victoria; To fight for Christ and with Christ is very safe, when neither wounded nor killed, we should not be deprived of the victory.  

2 2. Age.  2. In the next age of the Church, after Constant. the Great, that closed up the days of Persecution, the Ministers of Christ were as painful and laborious in their vocation of Preaching the Gospel of God, as the Oxen are in tilling our ground or treading out the Corn for us. And so their voluminous works and pious devotions left behind them, do sufficiently testify what pains they took: so much, that it made the Emperor Maximinus to wonder, to see how sedulous they were in doing good, and propagating the Gospel of God.  

3 3. Age.  3. In the third age of the Church, and this last Century of years, they are said to have faces like men, because that now since the time of Wiclef, Luther, Melancton, and the rest of our Protestant Writers, the people, and divers of the Priests that formerly (by reason of the Latin Liturgy) understood no more what they prayed, or what was said unto them, than Balaams' Ass understood her own voice, were now made to become like men, so rational, that they understand both the Sermons and the Service of the Church.  

4 4. Age.  4. In the last age of the Church, the Ministers of the fifth Monarchy so much dreamt of by the Fanatic Sectaries of our time, are expounded by them to be here understood by this flying Eagle; because that by reason of their swift, extemporary and undigested sudden Meditations and Sermons; they will most speedily pour out their words into all Lands, as Lucilius did his Verses, Horat. Serm. l. 1. p. 212. And send forth their voices to the ends of the World for the converting of the dispersed Jews, and all other Pagans and worldlings to the faith of Christ, and to bring them back again out of Scythia into Palestina; which is easier said then done, and is far enough from the meaning of the Holy Ghost in this place, as I have fully and amply shown the vanity of this fiction in the sixth Book of my true Church. Exposition. 3 Therefore to proceed, I find the third exposition to be of some of the best Protestant writers, whereof notwithstanding each several one hath his several exposition: as some interpret them to signify the four Elements, others, the four special faculties of the soul; others, as Bullinger interprets them, 
Bullinger in Loc.  to signify the four great Monarchies of the world; and others, as Baconthorp and Albertus apud Balaeum, by these four Beasts, do understand the four great Prophets, Esay, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and Daniel.  
But Aretius and Maier do with Rupertus interpret them to signify the four greatest Mysteries of our Christian Religion. As,  
I. The Incarnation. II. The Passion. III. 
1 1. Incarnation.  The Resurrection. And iv The Ascension of our Saviour Christ: and it cannot be contradicted but that these things are thereby signified. As,  
I, His Incarnation which is the assuming of the nature of man unto the person of God, and that, as Nazianzen speaketh, Permanendo quod erat, & assumendo quod non erat, by still remaining what he was, and taking upon him what he was not, is here understood by him that had his face like a man.  
TWO, 
2 2. The Passion.  His Passion is signified by the Calf; because all the Sacrifices, that were offered unto God, were either 

1. Zebach, which they properly termed Sacrifices, or,  
2. Mincha, which they called Oblations.   And the first sort was of living Creatures, and the second sort was of dead things, as the first fruits of Corn, Wine, Oil, and the like.  
And the first sort also, was either 

1. Of the Herds, or,  
2. Of the Flocks.    
And of the Herds were offered, 

1. Oxen.  
2. Cows.  
3. Calves.   and of these, The Calves were most usually offered, both among the Jews and Gentiles; 
Heb. 9.19. Virgil. Eclog. 3.  for Moses took the blood of calves and sprinkled both the book and the people: and Virgil saith, Cum faciam vitula pro frugibus ipse venito. And therefore Christ, being to offer up himself a sweet-smelling Sacrifice for our sins, his Death and Passion could not be better signified by any thing, then by the Calf.  
III, 
3 3. The Resurrection.  His Resurrection is understood by the Lion; because that he, Qui agnus extiterat in passione, 
●ern. De resurrectione.  factus est lo in resurrectione. ●or though by Esay's Prophecy, he should be led as a sheep to the slaughter; yet by Jacob's Prophecy, he should come from the spoil like a Liens whelp, and so declare himself mightily to be the son of God by his resurrection from the dead. 
Rom. 1.4.   
IV, His Ascension is understood by the flying Eagle, 
IV, The Ascension.  which mounteth up on high; according as the Prophet saith of Christ, Thou art gone up on high, thou hast led Captivity captive, and received gifts for men.  
Exposition. 4 The fourth Exposition is of the ancient Fathers, as Irenaeus, Venerable Bode, St. Hierome, St. Augustine, St. Gregory, Lyra, and almost all of them did agree, 
Iren. l. 3. c. 2.  that by these four Beasts are understood the four Evangelists, St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke, and St. John. 
Beda in hunc loc.   
But to reconcile all or most of these Interpreters, I say, that,  
1. 
The reconciling of the Interpreters.  Primarily we may and aught to understand the four Evangelists by these four Beasts.  
2. All the Magistrates of the Commonwealth, and all the Ministers of the Church and Preachers of God's word.  
3. And lastly, All Christians whatsoever they be, aught to be like unto these four Beasts, both in their description and in their practice.  
First then, I say, that by these four Beasts we are to understand the four Evangelists. 

1. Saint Matthew by the Lion, though Saint Gregory would have Saint Mark understood by it.  
2. Saint Luke by the Calf.  
3. Saint Mark by him that had the face of a man.  
4. Saint John by the flying Eagle. For,   I find two special things that may well confirm and make good this Exposition; as first, the manner of their description; and secondly, the general practice of the four. For if you mark it, they are described two manner of ways.  

1. Generally.  
2. Particularly.   
And first in their general and common description, they are all alike; for they had all six wings about them, and they were all full of eyes. And secondly in their Practice, they all sung the same song, saying, Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, whis was, which is, and which is to come.  
But in their particular or proper description, each one of them differeth from the other, as you see. The first was like a lion, the second like a calf, etc.  
So the four Evangelists in general aimed at the same thing, to set forth the life and death of the Messiah, and to bring us all to believe, that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, the Saviour of the world; and that in believing on him, we shall have eternal life.  
But if we look into their more special end and aim, we shall find, that each one of them differeth very much from the others. For,  
1. 
1 1. St. Matthew proves Christ to be a King.  St. Matthew seemeth principally to aim at the declaration of the Regal or Kingrick office of Christ, and to prove him to be that Lion of Judah which the Jews long expected for to come to be their King, to sit upon the Throne of David, and to govern the people of God: and this he proveth by many Arguments. As,  
1. 
1 1 Argument from his Pedigree. Ambrose in Luc. 3.  A Prosapia, from his Progenitors; for he deriveth him lineally from King David, and he reckoneth fourteen Kings in his Pedigree: and after that, he brings him from Zorobabel in the blood royal unto Joseph. Whereupon Saint Ambrose saith, that St. Matthew deriving his generation by and from Solomon, and St. Luke by Nathan, they seem to show, Alteram regalem, alteram sacerdotalem Christi familiam, the one family to be from the Kings, and the other from the Priests; Quia fuit verè & secundum carnem regalis & sacerdotalis familiae, because he was both of the Royal and of the Priestly family: Et sic Rex ex Regibus, & Sacerdos ex Sacerdotibus, and so both a King and a Priest.  
2. 
2 2 Argument from the do of the Magi. Numb. 24.  Saint Matthew proves him to be a King ab adoratione Magorum, from the do of the Wisemen; for the Star of the Messiah being prophesied of by Balaam, and left as a Tradition among the Gentiles by Zoroastres King of the Bactrians, (that was excellent in all learning) that it should appear to show the birth of this King of Kings; though Virgil flatteringly and falsely applied it to Augustus, saying, Ecce Dionaei praecessit Caesaris astrum. Yet these Magis being, as St. Chrysostom writeth, upon the Mountain Victorialis, worshipping their God, a Star did appear unto them in the likeness of a little child, 
Fulgent. sol. 657. in serm. de Epiphan.  and they rejoicing thereat, conceived that, as Fulgentius saith, Puer natus, novam stellam fabricavit, the long-expected child being now born, did create this fore-prophesied star, to testify his birth unto the world; and therefore they did forthwith begin their journey to Jerusalem.  
And how they came so great a journey in thirteen days after his nativity, Rhemigius answereth, Puer, 
How the Magis came so speedily to Jerusalem.  ad quem properaverunt, potuit eos in tam brevi spatio temporis ad se addueere, The child, to whom they hastened, was able to help them in so short a space to come unto him: and St. Augustine saith, that Tres Magi iter unius anni in tredecim diebus peregerunt, They performed in thirteen days the journey that might well require a whole year to finish it; especially if you consider, that these Magis were Kings themselves, 
Cypr. in se●m. de Baptismo. Chrysost. hom. 6. in Matth. 2. Ps 72. 10.  as St. Cyprian delivereth from the tradition of the Church, and St. Chrysost. dissenteth not much from his opinion: when as the Prophet David saith to intimate the same thing, The Kings of Arabia and Saba shall bring gifts  
And now, when these Magis, these three Kings, had found out this King, they fell down and worshipped him; for though, as St. Chrysost. saith, Viderunt puerum hominem, They saw this child to be a man; 
What the Magis did.  yet Agnoverunt redemptorem, they acknowledged him to be their Redeemer. And though he was, In gremio pauperis matris positus, & pannis vilibus involutus, & nullum regiae dignitatis humanae signum habens, lying in the lap of his poor mother, and wrapped in vile clouts, and without any sign of royal Majesty; yet, as both Chrysostom and Fulgentius say, Ex stella didicerunt cum esse regem, They were taught by the Star, to understand that he was a King: and therefore they did homage to him as to the king of kings, and they offered to him gold, myrrh, and frankincense, the gold, to show his regal dignity, the frankincense, his deity, quia thus ad honorem divinum concrematur, and myrrh, to show his mortality, because they use to put myrrh to the bodies of the dead.  
And so by this their action, they shown,  
1. Their humility, quia prociderunt, because they fell down.  
2. Their Faith, quia adoraverunt, because they worshipped him. And  
3. Their Charity, quia munera obtulerunt, because they offered these their gifts unto him.  
But how cometh this to pass, 
Why the Magis do neglest Herod and adore Christ.  quod volunt adorare regem nuper natum, & infantem lactantem, & non adorant regem aute annos aliquot ordinatum & populos imperantem? That they will worship the King newly born, and an infant sucking on his mother's breasts, and worship not the King that was ordained long before, and was ruling and commanding all the people? What is this, qu●d ille natus in palatio contemnitur, & iste natus in diversorio quaeritur? that he which is born in the palace, and laid in a bed of silver is neglected, and he that is born in the stable, and laid in the manger is enquired after and adored?  
It is answered, because that this child which is but parvus in praesepio est immensus in caelo, small in the cratch is great and immeasurable in heaven; and he whom these Magis call King of the Jews, is the Lord and Creator of the Angels. And so you see how Saint Matthew by the testimony of these Magis, and the worship that they do unto him, doth prove him to be a King.  
The third Argument that he useth to prove him to be a King is drawn ab Herodis timore, from the fear of Herod; 
3 3 Argument From the feat of Herod.  for when the Magis came near unto Jerusalem, abscondita est stella, saith Saint Chrysostom, & quod ante apparuit, rursus disparuit, and that which appeared before was vanished again, saith Saint Basil. And that for three special reasons.  
1. That the Star being hid, they should be forced to inquire concerning Christ: that as they were first moved to seek him by a celestial sign, so secondly, they should be confirmed by the prophetical saying, 
Chrysost. Ju●●● Ma●. ●a●●l. Se●m. de humana Christi generatione. fol. 138.  and the answer of the Hebr●w Doctors, saith Saint Chrysostom.  
2. That the testimonies of Christ's enemies might be, long praestantiora fideque digniora, saith Saint Basil, received without question.  
3. That they, (that is, the Magis enquiring after him, that they might first honour him) the Jews should be justly condemned, qui illum cruci affixerunt, quem alieni adoraverunt. Strange that his own Countrymen should crucify him, when these strangers came to adore him. Therefore the Star was obscured, and they enquired, where is he that is born King of the Jews?  
Whereupon Herod, though it should have moved him to cast his Crown at his feet, yet was he vexed with grief at the heart, and troubled with horrible fear which the Magis b●ought to this King of the Jews, by their enquiring after another late-born King of the Jews. And therefore being full of fear, lest this spiritual King should take away his temporal Kingdom, as he had formerly slain Hyr●anus, 
Joseph. l. 15. c. 9 & 11.  Aristobulus and his three Sons in his furious rage: so now, being more incensed with ire, through this Frantic fear, he put to death his own wife Mariam, his mother Alexandra, and forty of his chiefest noble men of the tribe of Juda, and he slew all the great Sanhedrim, that is, the 72 Senators of the Jews, and fourteen thousand infants in and about Bethlehem (as some do think) and among the rest he slew his own infant born of a Jewish woman, as Philo writeth, which made Augustus say, 
Philo ●●●aeus in l. de tempor●  That he had rather be his pig then his son; And all this he did in hope to root out and destroy all the royal blood of Juda, lest this King and Lion of Juda should deprive him of his Kingdom. And what insanable, incurable madness is this? and how vain is the thought? For this King, which is now born, 
Innaniter ergo invidendo timuisti successorem, quem credendo debuisti quaerere Salvatorem. Fulgent. Serm. de Epiph. fol. 652.  doth not come, saith Fulgentius, reges pugnando superare, sed moric●●do mirabiliter subjugare, not to overcome them by fight, but wonderfully to subdue them by dying; and therefore he is not born, ut tibi succedat, sed ut in eum mundus fideliter credat, That he should succeed thee, but that thou and all the World should believe in him, and so be saved by him  
And therefore it was but a vain thing for Herod to fear where no fear was, and to foster fear where he should have faith: but this fire of anger and this fear of heart, doth sufficiently show that Herod knew the Messiah should be a King, though he understood not what manner of King he should be, and so Saint Matthew setteth down this his fear and cruelty for the third argument, to prove the kingrick office of Christ, and Christ to be a King.  
The fourth argument that Saint Matthew useth to prove Christ to be a King is, 
4 4 Argument. From Chists riding to Jerusalem upon the ass.  from his riding to Jerusalem upon an ass; and he tells us plainly, that Christ did this, to show that he was the King of the Jews; for he saith, that all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Prophet, 
Matth. 21.4, 5. Chrysost. hom. 67. in Matt.  saying, Tell ye the daughter of Zion, behold thy King cometh unto thee meek, and sitting upon an ass, and ask the Jews, saith Saint Chrysostom, quisnam regum asina vectus Hierosolymam intravit, which of all their Kings entered Jerusalem upon an ass, and they shall never be able to name any other besides Christ. For the other Kings road in Chariots, to show their pomp, and this King only road upon an ass, to show his humility, 
Bedalib. 5. in Luc.  and yet, neque amittit divinitatem, nec regiam dignitatem, cum nos docet humilitatem, by teaching us humility, he neither looseth his divinity, nor abateth any thing of his royal dignity: when as clemency and humility in Majesty do shine like a precious diamond well set in the purest gold. And Saint Ambrose saith, that when Christ road to Jerusalem upon an ass, the people that followed him, 
What the people did.  did three special things. 

1. They repeated the Prophecy, to show that they were not deceived.  
2. They acknowledged his Deity, in saying, Hosanna, Salvum fac: save Lord.  
3. They called him their King, because he was the Son of David.   And all was to show, that this meek and humble King was the promised Messiah, the glory of Israel, and the expectation of the Gentiles.  
The fifth Argument that Saint Matthew useth to prove Christ to be a King is from the marriage of the king's son; 
5 5 Argument. Matth. 22. ●, 2. From the marriage of the king's son.  for venerable Bede demandeth who is the King's son, but he, of whom the Prophet speaketh, homo est & quis cognoscit eum? And the marriage of this son is the union, and joining together of the Godhead with our humane nature in uno supposito, in one person. The servants that he sent to invite the guests, were the Prophets and Preachers of the Gospel: 
Beda super Luc. l. 4.  those that were first invited were the Jews: the three sorts of refusers are.  
I. Rich Worldlings that say villam emi, 
Who were the refusers to come to the Wedding.  and do love the things of this World better than the things of God.  
II. Sensual men, that have 5 yoke of Oxen, and do follow the lusts of their 5 Senses: the lusts of the eyes and pride of life.  
III. Lascivious wanton men, that cry uxorem duxi, and are led away with carnal pleasures.  
Or as Saint Ambrose saith, we may understand.  
I. The Gentiles, by him that said villam emi, I bought a farm.  
II. The Jews, by him that said, I bought 5 yoke of Oxen, because they were under the heavy yoke of the Law, and the 5 books of Moses, that were such a yoke as that neither they nor their fathers could bear it; and therefore they cried out, 
Psal. 2.  dirumpamus vincula, let us break these bonds asunder, and cast away these cords from us. And  
III. The Heretics, Schismatics, and the like Fanatique Sectaries, that are wedded to their own obstinate and foolish opinions, which like Eva tempteth them, and as another Dalilah destroyeth them, may be understood by him that had married a wife, and therefore neither could nor would obey the truth, and so come unto the marriage of this King, which is h●re showed unto us by the Evangelist, but tell us flatly, they neither can nor will do it: their wife (which is their obstinate opinion) will not suffer them.  
The sixth Argument that Saint Matthew produceth to prove Christ to be a King, 
6 6 Argument.  is, from the inscription of Pilate, Jesus of Nazareth, 
Beda in ●●c  King of the Jews. Whereupon Beda saith, that because he was both King and Priest together, when he offered up that invaluable sacrifice of his flesh upon the Altar of his cross unto God his Father, he fitly challenged (and it was rightly given unto him) the title of his royalty, which did belong and was so due unto him, and that title was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, which were and are the three most special languages of the World, that all the World might read it, and believe it, that Christ by his cross non perdiderat sed potius confirmavit & corroboravit imperium, hath not lost, but rather strengthened his right unto his kingdom: So that although God suffered them to take away his life, yet they could not take away his kingdom from him, but when he was dead upon the cross, yet still the title remained, that he was Jesus of Nazareth king of the Jews. And it was written in Hebrew in respect of the Jews, that gloryed in their Law, and in Greek, in respect of the Gentiles, that boasted of their wisdom, and in Latin in respect of the Romans, which then ruled and domineered over most and almost all the Nations of the World; that the Jews, will they, nill they, may see, that omne mundi regnum, omnis mundana sapientia, & omnia divinae legis sacramenta testantur, quia Jesus est Rex, every kingdom of the earth all the wisdom of the World, and all the sacraments of the divine law, do bear witness, that Christ is King, and this Lion here spoken of in this Text. And the difference betwixt this Lion and all other Lions, is, that, as Franciscus Vallesius de sacra Philosophia●c. 55. saith, Mos Leonis est sibi tantum praedam capere, & non Leaenae: but Christ took the prey for his Church, and not for himself.  
And we find that his kingdom by three special prerogatives excelleth all other kingdoms of the world; that is, 
1 1. Pre-eminence of Christ's kingdom threefold.  

1. Eternity;  
2. Purity;  
3. Largity;    
1. The Prophet saith, thy Throne, O God, 
Psal. 110.  is for ever and ever, and thy Dominion shall endure throughout all Ages: but transibit gloria mundi, all other Kings within so many years shall not govern, and after so many days they shall not be; for death spareth none, but sceptra ligonibus aequat. And as Nazianzen saith, Constantinus Imperator & famulus meus, ossa Agamemnonis & Thyrsitis, death makes no difference betwixt the bones of King Agamemnon and base Thyrsites, the Emperor Constantine and my servant; but when their race is run and their glass is out, we may say of each of them, as Horace saith of his Friend Torquatus. 
Non Torquate genus, non te sacundia, 
Horsed.  n●n te  
Restituet pietas.—  But this King hath a prerogative above them all, for he was, Rex à seculo, a King from everlasting, and he shall be a King in secula seculorum world without end; for so the Angel Gabriel testifieth, that of his kingdom there shall be no end. 
Luke 1.33.   
And this should batter down the pride of Tyrants, that say with Nabuchadnezzar, Is not this great Babel that I have built? For mean, mean, tekel, peers, their glory is but as the grass of the field; or otherwise, if they were immortal, they were intolerable. And this should teach us to labour, to become the Subjects of this King, in whose kingdom there shall be, 
Aug. l 1 c. 10. de Trinitate.  as Saint Augustine saith, requies sempiterna, & gaudium quod nunquam auferetur à nobis, An everlasting rest, and joy that shall never be taken from us.  
The second pre-eminence of his kingdom is purity; 
2 2. Pre-eminence.  for of this King the Prophet speaketh, thou hast loved righteousness and hated iniquity, and the sceptre of thy kingdom is a sceptre of righteousness. For this King is not like Ahab, that would take away Naboth's Vineyard, nor like Rehoboam, that would oppress his Subjects with over-grievous Taxes, but he is a righteous King, and a most just Judge, far unlike some Judges of former days, that for a word have made a man a transgressor, and for a syllable or one letter, have quite overthrown a man's cause and right, and so have made the Laws a nose of wax, to bend and turn as they pleased, and to be rete Vulcanium, like Vulcan's iron net, to catch the poor and friendless: but tela aranea, like the spider's web, so easy for the rich and powerful to pass through it. But blessed be God for it, we have few such now, and we hope we shall not provoke God so far, as to send such amongst us; for if you suffer oppression and wrongs, when as the Poet saith, Mensuraque juris vis erit. Then surely, peaceable men shall not be able to live in the Commonwealth. But the equity and justice of this King should persuade all other Kings to follow his Example, and as the wise man saith, 
S●p. 1.1.  to love righteousness, all they that are Judges of the earth.  
The third pre-eminence of his kingdom is, 
3 3. Pre-eminence.  that God anointed this King with the oil of gladness in all things above his fellows; for their time hath an end, their dominion a limitation, but his time is not limited, and his rule hath no marches: but exivit in omnem terram, it hath gone forth into all Lands, because he is the King of all the earth: and when as all other Kings are but Reges Gentium, Kings of some few Nations, he is Rex Regum, & Dominus Dominantium, the King of all other Kings, and the Lord of all Lords.  
And therefore Eusebius saith, that the distinction or difference betwixt this true Christ and the other imaginary Christ's, that were anointed Kings before him, may truly and very easily be discerned; 
Euseb. l. r. c. 1. Eccl. Histor.  quia illi priores Christi nulli penè nisi genti propriae cogniti sunt, those former Kings were scarce known to any, but to their own proper people: but not only the name, but also the rule, power and kingdom of this true King is extended over all Nations, & per universum orbem terrae, and through the compass of the round world.  
And though, when the Jews would have crowned him King, Rex fieri noluit, he refused the same; yet to show that this Dominus Angelorum, was also Rex Judaeorum, 
Beda l. 5. in c. 19 Luc.  as Beda speaketh, when he rid to Jerusalem upon the Ass, he willingly permitted the people to cry Hosanna, and to entitle him King of the Jews, and he confessed as much himself unto Pilate, that he was a King.  
And what meaneth this, saith the Venerable Bede, that he now willingly embraceth, quod prius fugiendo declinavit? that which before he declined, and fled from it; and the kingdom, that while as yet he lived in the world, he would not accept, he now denieth not to take it, when he is by and by ready to go out of the world.  
He answereth, that he formerly refused it, 
Beda l. 3. in c. 11. S. Mar.  because of the gross imagination of the Jews, that conceited him to be a temporal King like unto others; but he doth now accept it, to show, quod non temporalis & terreni, sed aeterni in coelis Rex esset imperii; that his kingdom was not of this world, as himself said unto Pilate, but as the King of Heaven he ruled all the world.  
Well then, seeing Saint Matthew doth by so many inanswerable arguments prove Christ to be a King, 
What we may learn from this Doctrine, that Christ is our King.  and that he is a perpetual, universal and principal King, and here expressed by the Lion in this Text, we may collect and draw matter both of comfort and fear, both of joy and of grief. For  
1. Seeing Christ is King, then, as the Psalmist saith, 
Psal. 97.1.  exultet terra, let the earth rejoice; for if we will obey him, and be ruled by him, he will appoint over us such Viceroys and under-rulers, that will lead us, sicut oves, gently and lovingly, like sheep, as he did the Israelites by the hands of Moses and Aaron. And  
2. 
Psal. 99.1.  Seeing Christ is King, then as the same Prophet saith, contremiscat populus, let the people tremble; for if they fall to be unruly, as we were of late, let them be never so impatient, this King can as easily gather unto himself the spirit of his under-Princes, as we can slip a cluster of Grapes from a Vine, and he can send them a Rehoboam without Wisdom, or a Jeroboam without Religion, or Ashur a Stranger, an Usurper, as we have had, to be our King, or nullum Regem, no King at all, but a disordered Anarchy, which is the worst of all; 
Psal. 10.4.  and all this, quia non timuerunt Jehovam, because they cared not for God, neither was God in all their thoughts.  
But to end this Point, seeing Christ our King is this Lion here mentioned, we need not fear our spiritual enemies; for though he be a Lion, and a roaring Lion, that is against us; yet you see we have a Lion with us; and as Saint John saith, he that is in us is greater than he that is in the world, 
1 John 4.  and is stronger than the strong man armed, and able, as the Apostle saith, 
Rom. 16.20. Vide the abridgement of the Gospel, fol. 26. & 27.  to tread and bruise Satan under our feet; and therefore we ought to stand fast in the Lord without fear, because as Saint chrysostom well saith, non debet timere hostem fortem, qui habet Regem fortiorem, he need not fear the strongest enemy that hath a stronger King: as our King is, blessed be God for it.  
2. 
2 2. Saint Luke is understod by the Calf.  as Saint Matthew is here understood by the Lion, (quia selet res quae significat ejus rei nomine quam significat nuncupaeri, as the bread, that signifieth the body of Christ, is termed the body of Christ) because he proveth Christ to be the King of the Jews, and that Lion of Juda, which was so long expected to come into the world: so, for the like reason, Saint Luke is here to be understood by the Calf, because he principally aimed to prove Christ, that is signified by the Calf, to be that Priest, of whom the Lord swore, thou art a Priest for ever after the order of Melchisedeck.  
For I told you before, that of all the sacrifices of the four footed Beasts of the Herds, which the Hebrews called bakar, that is, majores hostias, the greater sacrifices, the Calf was most acceptable unto God, as the Prophet showeth, 
Psal. 51.19. Heb. 9.19. Exod. 24.8. Esay. 11.6, 7.  when they offered young bullocks, id ●st, goodly Calves upon his altar. And the reason is, because the Calf is mecker and more gentle then either of the rest; in regard of which meekness, the quiet and peaccable man is metaphorically called a Calf.  
And therefore by the Calf is here signified the Priestly office of Christ, whereby he offered up himself as a meek and immaculate Calf unto God, that by the blood of this Calf, we might be sprinkled and purged from all our sins; because that without shedding of blood there is no remissin, 
Heb. 9 21  as the Apostle speaketh.  
And of all the rest of the Evangelists, Saint Luke only doth most specially aim to prove Christ to be a Priest, and to show his Priestly office; for both the Alpha and Omega of his Gospel is concerning the Temple and the sacrifices thereof, when as he beginneth the same with the Priesthood of Zacharias and his sacrifice of incense, and endeth the same with the sacrifice of the Christians that were continually in the Temple praising and blessing God. 
Luc. 24.53.   
For though that before the birth of this Priest, the other Priests were to burn incense in the Temple of the Lord, as Zacharias did; yet this Priest being now born, and ascended up to heaven, the sacrifice that the Christians are to offer unto God, is to be continually praising and landing God in the Temple, as Saint Luke saith the Apostles did. For the true propitiatory sacrifice being exhibited, the Types and Figures thereof must now cease and be abolished, and in the place thereof, the gratulatory sacrifice must be established, And therefore Saint Luke beginneth his Gospel with the propitiatory sacrifice of Za●harias, because Christ was not as yet incarnate: 
John 1.  but he endeth the same with the gratulatory sacrifice of the Apostles, because that now the word was made flesh, and Christ had ascended into Heaven,  
And lest this should not be sufficient to demonstrate Christ to be a Priest, 
S. Luke proveth Christ to be a Priest by 3 special Arguments.  he proceedeth to prove him to be that Priest which was after the order of Melchisedech, by three other special Arguments.  

1. A Prosapia, from his Pedigree.  
2. From the true qualities and properties of a Priest.  
3. From the performance of the duties and office of a Priest.   
1. 
1 1 Argument from his Pedigree.  In that St. Luke deriveth his Genealogy by Nathan, S. Ambrose saith, it was to show his Priestly office; and Venerable Bede saith, that because Saint Matthew intended to show the Regal office of Christ, and St. Luke his Priestly office, therefore St. 
Beda l. 1. in c. 3. Luc.  Matthew derives his person from King Solomon, and St. Luke from Nathan: and so, saith he, in the Chariot of the Cherubims, the Lion which is the strongest of all Beasts, designs his Kingly office; and the Calf, which was the sacrifice of the Priest, denotates his Priestly function: and saith he, Eandem uterque sui operis intentionem in genealogia quoque salvatoris texenda observavit, And both the Evangelists in like manner observed the same intention of their work in setting down the genealogy of our Saviour. And then immediately he addeth two excellent Observations to confirm the same point. As,  
Observation. 1 1. That in the manner of setting down his genealogy S. 
Beda ibid.  Matthew descended from Abraham to Joseph, to note his Kingly office, and to show that he partaked with us of our mortality: but S. Luke by ascending from Joseph unto Adam, and so to God, doth rather design his Priestly office in expiating our sins, and so bringing us to immortality. And theresore, in the descending generations of S. Matthew, the taking upon Christ our sins is signified; but in the ascending genealogies of S. Luke, the abolition of our sins is noted unto us. For so the Apostle saith, God sent his Son in the similitude of sinful flesh, there is the acception and the taking of our sins upon him; and for sin, or by the sacrifice for sin, 
Rom. 8.3.  condemned sin in the flesh; there is the explation of our sins. And,  
Observation. 2 2. To the same purpose he observeth, that S. Matthew in his genealogy descended from David by Solomon, with whose mother David sinned: but S. Luke ascended by Nathan unto David, by a Prophet of which name God absolved him from his sin.  
The second Argument, 
2 2 Argument from the quality of a Priest which should be 1. knowledge. 2 uprightness. Ps. 7 2.1.  whereby S. Luke proveth Christ to be a Priest, is from the quality of a Priest, what manner of man he should be; and that is, to be endued with knowledge and uprightness, or judgement and righteousness: for which cause the Prophet prayeth, Give the King thy judgement, O God, and thy righteousness unto the King's son: For who is this King, and this King's son, but this Priest, the Messiah of the world? And so Moses prayeth in like manner, Let thy Vrim and thy Thummim be with thy holy One. or as some read it, upon the man of thy merry: for who is this holy One, 
Deut. 33. 8,  or this man of his mercy, but this our truc high Priest, called the man of his mercy,  
1. Because he is the man that is full of mercy.  
2. Because that God out of his mere mercy did give this man unto us.  
3. Because by this man only and none else, we obtain mercy.  
And according to those two men's prayer for those two things to be given unto the high Priest, God gave them most am●y, without measure, unto the Messiah, that is, 
Play. 〈…〉 Jer. 23.5.  our high Priest: For, I have put my Spirit upon him, saith the Lord, there is knowledge; and be shall bring forth judgement unto the Gentiles, there is 〈◊〉.  
And S. Luk 〈◊〉, that Christ had Vrim and Thummim, 
〈◊〉 Christ his knowledge Luke 11.49.  knowledge and uprightness without measure. For,  
In regard of the 〈◊〉, he plainly calleth him, the wisdom of God. And his wisdom 〈◊〉,  
1. In his wise, unreprovable and unrepliable answers to Satan, that subtle Serpent; to the Heredians, that feigned themselves to be just men, and were sent to entrap him in his speech; and to the chiefest Doctors of the Jews, to whom he did so wisely answer, 
Luke 20.7.  that they durst not ask him any thing at all: and if he asked them any question, they answered, They could not tell how to answer him.  
2. In his heavenly teaching of his followers, so truly expounding the Prophecies of the Prophets, so profoundly speaking to them in parables, so plainly delivering the Law unto them, and so sweetly comforting all that came unto him, that the eyes of all were fastened upon him, 
Luke ●. 20.22.  and they wondered at the gracious words that proceeded out of his mouth. And,  
In regard of the second, 
2 2 His uprightness. Mork 7.37. 1 Pet. 2.22.  that is, his uprightness, S. Mark saith, that the people testified he did all things well. And S. Peter saith, There was no guile found in his mouth. And S. Luke confirmeth the same throughout his whole Gospel.  
The third Argument whereby S. 
3 3 Argument from the office of a Priest, threefold.  Luke proveth Christ to be a Priest, is from the duty and office of a Priest, which is specially threefold: 

1. To expound the Law.  
2. To pray for the people.  
3. To offer sacrifice for their sins.    
1. The Prophet Malachy saith, The Priest's lips should keep knowledge, 
Mal. 2.7.  and the people should seek the law at his mouth. And S. Hierom saith, It is the duty of the Priest, to answer all that ask him concerning the Law; and therefore if he be the Priest of the Lord, 
Hieron. super Hagg.  let him know the law of the Lord: or if he be ignorant of the law, he is no Priest of the Lord.  
And therefore S. Luke showeth, That Christ taught the people most diligently, expounded the Law most truly, and answered all questions that were asked of him, most readily. And,  
2. 
Luke 22.32.  He showeth, That he prayed for S. Peter, that his faith should not fail: And S. John showeth, how he prayed for all those whom his father gave him; and for all them also, which should believe on him through the word. And, 
John 17.11. & 20.   
3. How, as a Priest, he offered sacrifice for the sins of the people (which he did both in the Garden and upon the Cross.) S. Luke showeth it more amply than any of all the Evangelists; for though S. Matthew and S. Mark do tell us that he was in heaviness, or exceeding sorrowful, 
Matth. 26 38. Mar: 14.35. Aristotle sect: 11. probl. 30. et Basil. in c. 17. Isaiae.  when he came to the garden: yet S. Luke expresseth the matter more fully and more lively then both of them: for he saith, that he fell into a sweeting agony, that is, a perplexed fear of one that is entering into a grievous conflict, as both Aristotle and Saint Basil testify. And such a perplexed fear is a most acceptable Sacrifice in the sight of God, as the Prophet saith, 
Ps. 51.17.  The Sacrifice of God is a troubled spirit, a broken and a contrite heart O God shalt thou not despise; and such a broken heart was the heart of this Priest at this time, for here is both ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a combat and a Sacrifice, a troubled Spirit and a fresh bleeding Sacrifice,  
1. 
1 1. He offered up his soul in prayer. Leo Serm. 7. the pass. The quality of Christ his prayer. Brevis oratio penetrat coelum.  He offered up his soul while he was in the Garden in a fervent Prayer to God, and that Prayer, saith Pope Leo, was in omnibus perfecta, in all things perfect, and for all men. And it consisted like a faithful Prayer plus gemitibus quam sermonibus, rather in sighs then in words; for it was saith Saint Augustine, very short, but very pithy, few words but full of fervency, and therein his intention was earnest, for he went a stones cast from his Disciples; his love was great, for he often ing●●●●ated, Father, Father; his faith was steadfast, for he said my father his aff●●tion was vehement, for he cried, O my father his humility was unfeigned, for he kneeled down, and with great reverence he fell grovelling upon his face, as Saint Matth. witnesseth; his constancy was apparent, for he prayed three times; his obedience was unreprovable, for he said, Not my will but thy will be fulfilled; and his fervency was admirable, for every word drew drops of bloed: and therefore this prayer was directed as an incense in the sight of his father, 
Ps. 14.2.  and the lifting up of his hands as an evening sacrifice. And as the Apostle saith, he was heard in that which he feared; and he had all that he desired; for whereas S. Bernard demandeth, Quidoras' domine, quid sudas, and quid sitis? for what dost thou pray O Lord, and why dost thou sweat? Saint Hilary answereth, 
Hilarius l. 10. de T●init.  Pro nobis oratio, pro nobis sudor est, his prayer and his sweat, and his thirst and all, was for us, and he obtained all for us. And then,  
2. As he thus offered up his soul in a fervent prayer for us; so, 
Esay 53.10.  when it pleased the Lord to bruise him, as the Prophet saith, 
2 2. He offered up his body to be broken, and his blood to be shed for our sins. Levit. 17.11. Heb. 9.22.  he offered up his blood in a swe●ting fervour, and his body to be breken for our sins; and as the Angel whose name was secret, kindled the fire upon the Altar, and at length the flame increasing, himself also ascended in the same: so here in this agony of Christ, our Saviour kindled the fire of his love, and then as a faithful high Priest he offered up himself, as a sweet smelling sacrifice unto God. And seeing blood must make an atonement for the soul, and as the Apostle saith, without shedding of blood there is no remission; therefore this our Priest shed his own blood, to procure the forgiveness of our sins: the blood of his head when he was crowned with thorns, the blood of his heart when he was pierced with a spear, the blood of all parts when he was whipped, and the blood of his whole body when he sweat the drops of blood, not a watery dew, but nimbus sanguinis, a bloody shower, when as totus sudore defluit, 
Ps. 130.7.  it passed through and through his garment and trickled down to the ground, as Saint Luke testifieth; that there might be, as the Psalm. saith, plenteous redemption. And as Eleazar the high Priest was to take the ●loud of the heifer with his finger, and sprinkle of her blood directly before the Tabernacle of the Congregation seven times; 
Num. 19.4. Levit. 8.11.  so Christ our Priest shed his blood seven times to purge away our sins.  
1. In his Circumcision, 2. In the Garden, 3. When he was crowned with thorns, 4. When he was whi●ed, 5. 
That Christ shed his blood seven times to deanse us of our sins.  When his hands were nailed, 6 When his feet were fastened to the Cross, 7. When his side was pierced with a spear. And then as the sin of man was maledictio terrae, the curse of the earth; so this blood of Christ is medicina terrae, the medicine of the world. And therefore the Apostle saith, 
〈…〉  that the blood of Christ speaketh better things than the bloudof 〈◊〉 for by the shedding of Abel's 〈◊〉, God's wrath was kindled, but by the shedding of Christ ●●oud, God's wrath was ap●●cased; the blood of Abel gave life only to himself, but the blood of Christ gives life to 〈…〉; the blood of Ab● cried for vengeance against his brother, but the blood of Christ cryeth for mercy unto his enemies, and the blood of Abel cried a while, and then ceased, and then it was no more available, but the blood of Christ still cryeth and never ceaseth, and 〈◊〉 available for us forever.  
And so you see how Saint 〈◊〉 proveth Christ to be the Priest, which is to be the Priest for ever, after the order of Melchisedek's, and therefore he is here understood by the calf, that was the ●●his first sacrifice of the Priests.  
3. By him that had the face of a man, 
〈…〉  the fathers do understand Saint Mark, because his principal aim was to show that Christ was a true and perfect man, the son of a poor Carpenter, and in all things like unto us, sin only excepted. And th●● truth was so manifest that his very enemies confessed it, and would have stoned him because that he being a man made himself a God: for their eyes saw that he had flesh and blood like other men, and that he did hunger and thirst and was 〈◊〉, and touched with all the blameless passions and affections of other men, and therefore Saint Mark is very short in 〈◊〉 Gospel, not above 〈◊〉 Chapters in all▪ because he needed not to use many Arguments, when as all that saw him did readily confess 〈◊〉.  
4. 
4 4. Saint 〈…〉  By the flying Eagle all the old 〈…〉 do understand Saint John, because that when 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉, two Jewish Profelices', derived the 〈◊〉 of Christ, he purposely wrote his Gospel for 〈…〉 that 〈◊〉 error, as Husebiu● and others ●pan● and therefore in the very Frontispiece of us work, he 〈…〉 like an Eagle, and saith, 
John 〈◊〉  in the beginning 〈…〉 and 〈…〉 was with God, and the word was God 〈…〉 wholeGospel you may easily 〈…〉 is to prove that the son of Mary is the son of the eternal God, coeternal and coequal with his father, and especially because he proveth him,  
1. To be the Creator of all things, c. 1.  
2. To be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the knower and searcher of the secrets of our hearts, c. 2.25.  
3. To be the worker of such miracles, as the raising up of Lazarus, and the like, which none could do but God.  
And it was requisite that the mediator betwixt God and man, should be God and man; Man, because man had sinned, and therefore meet that man should make satisfaction, and not Ziba make the fault, and Mephibosheth bear the punishment, which should be very unjust; and God, because our nature should, but could not bear the burden, which was the weight of God's wrath for our sins. But God, as God, could, but ought not; and therefore, seeing the one ought but could not, and the other could but ought not, God and man must be joined together in one person, that man might do what he ought to do, and suffer what he ought to suffer; and so go through the work of our redemption.  
And therefore, as Saint Mark had proved Christ to be a man: so Saint John proveth him to be the true and eternal God. And so you see that by these four Beasts we are primarily to understand the four Evangelists.  
Secondly, 
Secondly, all the good Magistrates and Ministers are understood to be like these four beasts. 1. Like the Lion. Jos. 1.7.  As the four Evangelists are in the first place to be understood by these four Beasts, for the reasons before showed; so likewise all Magistrates and all Ministers ought to be like these four Beast. As,  
1. Like the Lion for courage, without fear, Confidens ut leo absque terrore; for so the Lord commanded Joshua to be strong and of a good courage, saying, Only be thou strong and of a most valiant courage: and so Jethro tells Moses, That his Judges should be men of courage and undaunted, Quia timiditas Judicis est calamit as innocentis. So when the Jews told Pilate, if thou lettest this man go, Thou art none of Caesar's friend, he was afraid; and through that fear he condemned the Son of God. And so doth fear cause many others to wrong the Innocents'. And therefore to you that are the Judges, to settle the disturbed Estates of this Kingdom, I say, that it cannot be, but that many, and many great men will fret and chase, and be discontented at your do, though you do never so justly: but it is your duty to do that which is just; and in doubtful cases, when evidences on both sides are in aequilibrio, to incline to that which tendeth to the service of God's Church, 
Sap. 1.1.  and the honour of the King's Majesty: and you ought always to remember what the Wiseman saith, Love righteousness ye that be Judges of the Earth; 
Proverb.  for righteousness exalteth a Nation. And this righteousness you cannot preserve, unless you be like Lions, without fear, either of threaten or dangers.  
And as the Magistrates, so the Ministers and Preachers of God's word should be like Lions, to do their duties without fear; for so the Lord saith unto Ezechiel, 
Ezech. 2.6.  I send thee to a rebellious Nation, but thou son of man, be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of their words, nor dismayed at their looks, Quia timiditas Predicantis est calamitas Audientis, Because the fear of the Preacher is the calamity of the Hearer, when the fear of reproving men's fins hardeneth them in their sins, and encourageth them to sin more and more. And therefore I say, that we should remember what the Lord commandeth us, Cry aloud, and spare not, 
Esay 57.1.  lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and show my people their transgression, and the house of Jacob their sins. And if the great men of the world threaten us to rob us of our lands, or deprive us of our liberties, let us look what the Lord saith, I, even I, 
Esay 51.12, 13.  am he that comforteth you; and who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of a man that shall die, and of the son of man which shall be made as grass, and forgettest the Lord thy maker, that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of the earth, and hast feared continually every day, because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destrey?  
And it is well that he saith, I, 
Ezech. 2.3, 4.  even I am he that comforteth you, seeing it is with us as it was with Ezechiel, that Briars and thorns are with us, and we dwell among scorpions, a rebellious Nation, that are impudent and stiff-hearted; for I must humbly crave leave to tell you a story of truth and no fiction. When I came first to lie in the Bishop's house in Kilkeny, I dreamt, that the Bishop's Court was full of people, Citizens, Soldiers, and Gentlemen, with Drums, Swords and Muskets, and being affrighted with the sight of them, before they had entered the house, or done any hurt, I presently awaked, and looking out at the window for them, I saw none: then for many days I often mused, what this meant, at last I found that the Citizens of Kilkeny on the one side, the Soldiers on the other side, and the Knights and Gentlemen round about, came about me like Bees, to rob God of his honour, and the Church of her right, by dividing her Revenues amongst themselves as the Soldiers did the Garments of Christ. And I neither fear nor care what any man thinks of what I say, my duty telling me what I should say.  
But though they threaten to be my ruin, and to cause me to spend what I intended to the repair of the flat-fallen Church, to preserve the Revenues of the Bishopric, yet seeing the Lord saith, I, even I am he that comforteth thee, and that have delivered thee from so many dangers, and so many times from the hands of most mercyless Rebels, and bids me not to fear, I must not be dismayed; but as Elias told Ahab, and J. Baptist told Herod of their faults without fear: so I, and all others, that are God's Ministers, aught to be bold as Lions, to reprove the sins of the people, and especially those sins, that are most frequently committed, and are most prejudicial to the service of God, and most pernicious to their souls; least as Lucian saith, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, by escaping the smoke of man's anger we shall fall into the fire of God's fury, when we fear men more than God. And therefore, my dear brethren, I had rather you should blame me for my boldness, then that God should punish me for my fearfulness; and I know, that as the Drunkard cannot endure to be told of his drunkeness, or the proud man of his pride, or the Rebel of his rebellion: so no more can these sacrilegious persons abide to hear of their sacrilege. And must we therefore hold our peace, for fear of their say, jeers, or threats? By no means.  
2. As we should be bold as Lions without fear; so we should be diligent and painful in our places, like the Oxen, without laziness, to pray continually, and to preach constantly, and as the Apostle saith, in season and out of season; that is, not so frequently, as our late fanatics would have us, to preach Sermons full of words without substance: but as St. Augustine expounds it, Volentibus & nolentibus, For to the willing hearers it comes in season, and to the unwilling it comes out of season, whensoever it cometh.  
And when we do this, then, 
2 2. That the Magistrates and Minist. should be like the Ox, painful and diligent to do their duties.  as the mouth of the Ox that treadeth out the corn should not be muzzled, so ought not we to be molested, nor detained and held with vexatious suits, to hinder us, to discharge our necessary duties: lest the punishment of our neglect should fall upon the heads of them that cause it. For we are sure, that our God is so just, that he will not punish any one for not doing that, which he is not suffered to do; as, for not going into his Church, when the ways are so stopped, that he cannot possibly pass it,  
3. We should be, not like the horse and mule, 
3 3. The Magistrates should be like men, sober and rational, and not voluptuous, like Beasts.  that have no understanding, and whose mouths must be holden with bit and bridle, lest they fall upon thee; but we should be endued with reason, like unto rational men, that, as Cicero saith, Agere qu●equam nunquam debent, cujus non possunt rationem probabilem reddene, ought never to do any thing, whereof they could not yield a very probable reason. And God knows, how many things we do, for which we can yield no reason at all. For what reason had we to wax weary of our peace and of our happiness, and to rebel against a most gracious King to destroy ourselves? And what reason have we to expect God's blessing, and yet to continue sacrilegious to rob God of his deuce? Or is there any reason, that any Commonwealth should keep Soldiers to protect them, and not regard them, nor countenance them, nor pay them their wages? Surely they are very necessary to preserve our peace, and they ought not to be slighted; and John Baptist saith, They should be content with their wages: but they should therefore have their wages: and how should they have their wages if the Superior officers defraud the inferior Soldiers, or the close-handed people detain their taxes? I know not where the fault is, if there be any; but I know his Majesty and his Immediate Governors, would have all things done with uprightness, and according to the Dictate of right reason.  
But to leave these and the like unreasonable men, that do these and the like things without reason.  
4. 
4 4. They should be endued with the properties of the Eagle.  We should all be like the flying Eagle, and the chiefest properties of the Eagle are, 

1. A sharp sight.  
2. A lofty flight.    
And both these are expressed in the Book of the Righteous, 
Job. 39.32.  where the Lord demandeth of Job, Doth the Eagle mount up at thy command, 
1 1 The sharp sight of the Eagle.  and make her nest on high? She dwelieth and abideth on the Rock, upon the crag of the Rock and the strong place, there is her lefty flight; then he proceedeth, and saith, From thence she seeketh the prey, and her eyes behold afar off, there is her sharp sight: and of this sharpness of sight, Saint Augustine saith, 
How sharp our sight should be in spiritual things.  that, being aloft in the clouds, she can discern, Sub frutice leporem, & sub fluctibus piscem, Under the shrubs an hare, and under the waves a fish.  
Even so should we that profess Religion, especially we that are the Ministers of God, should have Eagles eyes, to see the Majesty of God in a bramble-bush, 
Exod. 3.2.  like Moses; to discern the presence of Christ with us in the fiery furnace, 
Dan. 3.25.  like Abednego; to behold an Army of Angels ready to defend us in our straightest siege, 
2 2 Reg. 6.17.  and to consider the assistance of God to help us when we are molested and compassed with the greatest heaps of afflictions, 
Rom. 8.18.  like the holy Apostle S● Paul.  
But this the children of this Generation cannot do; 
The worldly man's quick fight.  for though the understanding of the worldly man, which Nazianzen calleth, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the eyes and lamp of reas●n, be piercing, sharp, and cunning enough to make a large shekel and a small Epha; 
Amos 8.5. Luke 12.56.  and very well able to discern the alterations of the skies, as our Saviour witnesseth; yea, and to enter, like Aristotle, into the secrets of nature, and the deepness of Satan, to find out the plots and practices of his craftyest instruments: yet being but a mere natural man, he cannot perceive the things that be of God, 
1 Cor. 2.14.  as the Apostle showeth, neither can his understanding reach any further than 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, such things, as may be manifested by demonstration, as St. Clement saith. For,  
If you talk of Christ's conception in the womb of a pure Virgin, without the help of a man, than the Heathen, 
His dimness and blindeness in spiritual things.  like Sarab, laugheth at it; and the wise Philosopher, as being in darkness, stumbleth at it, and cannot conceive how this thing can be. If you talk of Christ's death, and say, that our God should die, and by his death procure to us eternal life, than the Jews will storm at our folly, and the Grecians count it a mere madness, and a great reproach to our Religion. And if you talk of his glory and power, that being dead and buried, he should raise himself again, and now reign as a King of Kings in Heaven, than the children of infidelity deem it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a feigned thing. And the reason thereof is rendered by St. 
The reason of the worldly man's blindeness.  Augustine, that as the eye of man, if it be either blind or purblind, cannot thereby discern the clearest object; even so faith he, animus pollutus, aut mens turbata, a soul defiled with sin, or a mind disturbed with worldly cares, can neither see God, that is present with him, nor understand the things of God, that belong unto him.  
Yet the spiritual man, that hath the eagle's eyes, 
The spiritual man's quick sight.  which Philo calleth fidem oculatam, faith enlightened by God's spirit, can discern all the deep things of God, even the most excellent mystery of godliness, which is, as the Apostle saith, God manifested in the flesh, justified in the spirit, seen of Angels, 
1 Tim. 3.16.  preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, and received up into glory. For in the unspeakable birth of Christ the eagle's eye doth behold a divine miracle, in his accursed death it seethe a glorious victory, and in his return from death it conceiveth an assured hope of everlasting life.  
2. 
2 2. The lofty flight of the Eagle.  The next Property of the Eagle is her lofty flight, for the Poets feign, that the Eagle fled up to Heaven, and laid there her eggs in Jupiter's lap; and the Prophet Esay alludeth to her lofty flight, 
Esay. 40. ult.  when he saith, that those which wait upon God shall renew their strength, and shall lift up their wings as the Eagles; 
Jexem. 49.16.  but Jeremiah goeth on further and saith, that the Eagles do build their nests on high: and yet Ezechiel goeth beyond them both, for he saith, that the great Eagle with great wings, leng-winged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto Lebanon, 
Ezeth 17.3.  and took the highest branch of the Cedar, where you see, she takes first the highest tree, and then the highest branch of that tree. I know it was a Vision that shown the state of Jerusalem; but yet you may see thereby the lofty flight of the Eagle. So St. John flew as high as Heaven to begin his Gospel; and so we, considere debemus in coelis, aught to have our minds set, 
Ephes. 2.6.  not on the fooleries and vanities of this world, but on heavenly things and heavenly places, that, 
Esay 58.14.  being mounted up, super altitudines terrae, above all the high places of the earth, as the Prophet speaketh, we may behold all the things of this world to be tanquam muscas, but as gnats and flies; or like the spider's web, that though it be never so curiously woven, yet will it make no garment for us; and so all the titles of honour to be, but folia venti, the windy blasts of a fleshly pair of bellows, too weak an air to carry up a noble Eagle; 
How to deem of all worldly things.  all the pleasures of this world to be, but lilia agri, like the lilies of the field, that are more delectable in show then durable for continuance, and all the allectives under heaven to be but vanity of vanities, and altogether vanities. For thus by a contemplation and continual consideration of heavenly things, it would appear unto us, quam abjecta sunt, qua jam alt. videntur, how base are all the things of this world, in our judgements rightly informed, which now seem so precious in our imaginations, being corrupted.  
And therefore if we would be like the noble Eagles, 
What the spiritual men that are like the noble Eagle should do.  mounting up to Heaven; then, as Moses builded his tent without the host, and far from the host: so should we build our habitation out of this world, and far above the world; and as Elias when he journeyed towards Heaven in his fiery Chariot, and was flying up in a whirlwind, bestript himself of his mantle, and threw it down to the earth, lest the weight of it should press him downward, and so hinder his ascent to Heaven: even so, if we desire to ascend to Heaven, we must bestrip ourselves of all worldly impediments, that are as heavy as a talon of lead, and do not only hinder us from ascending upwards, but do press many men down to the bottomless pit. And as the Prophet David, in all distresses, comforted himself with that pious meditation, saying, Whom have I in heaven but thee, and what is there on earth that I desire in comparison of thee? so do all those, that make their unum necessarium, their chiefest purpose and design to go to Christ to have an everlasting house and lands, satisfy themselves with the hope of obtaining their desire.  
And this is the reason, that seeing God hath given them all that they have, they weigh not a straw if they be driven to spend all that they have, for the benefit and good of the Church of Christ, and to promote the service of God. And if the wise men of the world laugh at our folly, and say, we shall spend ten times more than we shall ever get. We may answer, that for our losses and expenses they are but as feathers, and that shall never trouble us; but our hope is, that we shall attain unto our desire, which is, to mount up with the rest of God's Eagles unto the Kingdom of Heaven, and that will countervail all our losses. And so much for the peculiar and proper Description of these Beasts.   

THE SECOND SERMON.  REVEL. 4.8. 
And the four Beasts had each of them six wings about him, etc.  
2. 
2 2. Their general and common description.  FOR their general and common description, it is said, they had each one of them six wings about him, and they were all full of eyes. Touching which you must observe.  
1. Some things about their wings.  
2. Some things about their eyes. And,  
1. 
1 1. Of their wings.  About their wings. These two things are to be noted;  

1. What are these six wings.  
2. To what end they had these wings, or what use they made of them.   
1. 
1 1. What they are.  Rupertus and others say, these six wings are the six works of mercy, visito, ●oto, cibo, redimo, tego, colligo fratres, that is, as our Saviour sets them down, to give meat unto the hungry, 
Matth. 25.35.  drink unto the thirsty, lodging to the stranger, cloth to the naked, and to visit the sick, and those that are in prison: others understand hereby the six spiritual works of piety and mercy, which are to correct the offendor, to instruct and counsel the ignorant, to comfort the afflicted, to bear patiently all injuries, to forgive all trespasses, and to pray for our enemies and persecutors: but Balaeus and Lambert say, that these six wings are faith, hope, charity, justice, mercy and truth; and I think they come nearest unto the truth, for by those six we shall be able to shun and fly away from all the mischiefs of the world; and these six wings are able to mount us up unto our father in Heaven. And they that have not these six wings are rightly said to be like the Ostrich, which often spreads her wings but seldom flieth.  
But they that have these six wings are most happy, and need not fear the greatest dangers, nor the malice of their greatest enemies. For,  
1. Faith is radix omnium virtutum, the root of all virtues; and you know what mighty things Saint Paul setteth down, to have been done through faith.  
2. Spes alit afflictos, hope preserveth the afflicted, and maketh not ashamed, saith the Apostle.  
3. Charity covereth a multitude of sins; and of all the three divine graces, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the greatest of them all is charity.  
4. Justice is such a cardinal virtue that Theognis a Heathen saith, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, justice comprehends all virtues.  
5. Our Saviour saith, blessed are the merciful, for that they are sure to obtain mercy. And,  
6. Truth as Zoreb. proveth, is so great, that it will prevail against all oppesitions, for though that by the tricks and delays of subtle heads, it may be clouded for a time, yet at last it will bud forth and appear.  
But I fear the Lord hath a controversy with the Inhabitants of this Land, because as the Prophet saith, there is no truth, nor mercy, I may add, nor justice, nor knowledge of God in the Land; or if these be, than I am sure you will not build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity, because the Lord loves neither House nor Lands that are unjustly obtained. I cannot stand to examine it, or to handle the particulars that might be said concerning these six points; for that might require six hours to do it at least: but I will proceed and say,  
2. 
2 2. What use they made of their wings.  If you would know to what end they had these wings, or what use they made of them, the Prophet Esay tells you in the practice of the Seraphims, that it was for these three special ends: That is, 

1. To cover their faces.  
2. To cover their feet.  
3. To fly about.   For he saith, that with two of their wings they covered their faces, 
Esay. 6.2.  and with two they covered their feet, and with two they did fly.  
And this they did for these three ends: That is, 

1. To check our curiosity.  
2. To show our misery.  
3. To teach us industry.    
1. It is the nature, and the foolish disposition of man to be always prying and searching into every thing, the screts of God, the mysteries of state, and the obscurities of nature. And yet the Seraphims that stand in the presence of God are fain to cover their faces, not to hid their sins which they had not, but because they are not able to behold the brightness of God's glorious Majesty; and if the Angels hide their faces from the brightness of God's Glory, how dares sinful man pry into it? because, as the Apostle saith, he dwells in the light that no man can attain unto it, 
1 Tim. 6.16. Exod. 34.20.  and the Lord saith himself, that no man could see his face and live; for though we walk in the cheerful light of the Sun, yet we are not able fully and directly to look upon the Sun when he shineth in his full strength and brightness, but it will dazzle our eyes, and make them to see a thousand colours. And as a pure crystal glass cannot endure the strong working of the fire, but it will break all to pieces; even so the weakness of man's mortal nature, though it liveth by the enjoying of God's presence, yet it cannot bear, nor comprehend the glory and brightness of God's Majesty; but that, in looking upon so clear an object, the eyes of his understanding shall be dazzled, and he shall fall and be swallowed up into a thousand errors. For seeing, as the Apostle speaketh, our knowledge of God in this life is but in part, 
1 Cor. 13.12.  like the beholding of a man suddenly passing by us, when we can look upon nothing but only his back parts, it is impossible for any man in this mortality to know perfectly and exactly the being and ways of the most highest.  
And therefore this checketh the curiosity, and reproveth the boldness of those men that like Phacton will fly and mount up too high to search into the Heavenly mysteries: for as the wise man saith, 
Ecclus. 1.2.  who can number the sand of the sea, the drops of rain, and the days of time? who can measure the height of Heaven, the breadth of the Earth, and the depth of the Sea? Who can find out the wisdom of God which hath been before all things? For if we consider either the nature and essence of God, or if we look into the counsels and works of God, 
Danaeus. Isag.  we shall easily perceive that they are all incomprehensible. Et si quid facit Deus naturae nobis assuetae repugnans, nihil tamen facit rationi repugnans, And if God doth any thing that seemeth repugnant to our accustomed nature; yet we may be sure he doth nothing that is repugnant to reason. And though all that God doth be exceeding good, yet we cannot always perceive many of them to be good; and yet this makes them not to be unjust, 
Gregor. in Job. c. 9  because we understand them not to be just: for as St. Gregory saith, Qui in factis Der rationem non videt, He that seethe not the reason of God's do, let him consider his own infirmity and blindness, & rationem videat cur non videt, and he shall soon see the reason, why he seethe it not: and if we seek to know more than we are able to understand, we shall understand less than we do: And therefore Solomon gives good counsel to these Gnostics, saying, 
Eccles. 7.18  be not thou just over much, neither make thyself over-wise. For the mystery of the Lords commanding Adam, that he should not eat of the tree of knowledge, was very great, because the knowledge that he should get thereby, would not only cause his present fall, 
That we ought not to be too curious to search into divine mysteries. Gen. 3.5. V 7.  but also make both him and all his sons for evermore to fall.  
And therefore the subtle Serpent that aimed at the readiest way to destroy them, promised unto Eva (and he kept his promise) that if they would eat of the tree of knowledge, their eyes should be opened and they should be as Gods, knowing good and evil, and so it was; for the text saith, that their eyes were opened, and they had the knowledge both of good and evil, the good that they had lost, and the evil that they had fallen into; for they knew that they were naked.  
And so this knowledge did but direct them a way to run away from God, and teach them the art to sow fig-leaves together, to cover their shame, and to hid their wickedness and themselves from the sight of God, which they could never do: And therefore happy Adam hadst thou been if thou never hadst had this knowledge, for this knowledge made thee to fall; and so the Prophet Esay saith of Babylon, 
Esay 47.10.  thy wisdom and thy knowledge have caused thee to rebel, or to turn away; and so Ovid saith of himself.  Ingenio perii qui miser ipse meo. 
My wit and my knowledge hath undone me. And I fear that many other men will cry out, that their too greedy a desire inconcessae scientiae, of unlawful knowledge, and prying too far into hidden mysteries hath hurried them into most desperate conclusions; for though it be very true, that no other creature upon earth hath reason and understanding but only man: yet it is as true, that no other creature goeth so far from reason as man alone. And therefore I do not say, happy are the beasts that want reason; but I say unhappy is that man, qui cum ratione insanit, that runneth mad with the reason that God hath given him, and by aspiring to get unlawful knowledge, doth fall into unavoidable mischief.  
And therefore the Devil could wish that all his servants were as knowing as Berengarius, and as subtle as Duns Scotus; because he hath more excellent execrable service from one of them, than he can have from a thousand others: for it is a true saying, That inferior conceits have inferior sins, & non nisi ex magnis ingeniis magni errores, and the great errors never came but from great wits, such as Arius, Pelagius, and the rest of the great Heretics had. And as it was the Giants and Lucifer that highly rebelled and warred against God, and as it was the Princes and the Kings of the earth that stood up and took counsel against the Lord and against his Anointed; So it is the great Lords that were the great rebels, and the mean men that were infirmiores in exercitu, are but as the tail of the Dragon which the great men drew after them. And so it is the curious wits, the pryers and searchers after unsearchable knowledge and secret mysteries, that hatch the cockatrice eggs, and produce the most desperate errors.  
And therefore, seeing the ambitious desires of attaining more knowledge than beseemeth us, and the knowledge of those secret things, 
Deut, 29, 29.  that as Moses saith belong unto the Lord our God, are the Devil's splendida peccata, his glistering sins, & generosa scelera, his noble projects, his jewels, and most honourable stratagems which have caused many men not only to fall away, 
The Seminary Priests and Presbyterians, the most dangerous people in the Church of God.  but also to run away from God, we ought to take the counsel of Saint Augustin, Magis metuere cum in intellectu habitat diabolus quam cum in affectionibus, to fear more when the Devil dwelleth in the understanding then when he corrupteth our affections, when as a Pestilent Heretic, or a Seminary Priest, or a Fanatique Nonconformist, doth more mischief then either a dissolute drunkard, or a covetous merchant. And when we can not comprehend the Majesty of God, we should say with ourselves, it is no marvel; because he dwells in the Light, that none can attain unto it: so when we can not understand his ways, nor dive into the depth of his counsels, and his decrees of election and reprobation and the like, we should say with the Prophet David, 
Ps. 77.19.  thy way is in the sea, thy paths in the great waters, and thy foot steps are not known. And so when we can not see the reason of his judgements, why this man prospereth, and that man is punished, and as Homer saith 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 
Homer Iliad   
Annuit hoc illi divum pater, abnuit illud.  Why he giveth this thing, and denyeth that thing, why he raiseth 'tis man, throweth down that man, we should cry out with the Apostle, O the deepness of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God how unsearchable are his judgements, and his ways past finding out?  
And therefore, lest (as they say) Pliny burned himself in Mount AEtna by searching too far into the cause of its continual burning, and Aristotle drowned himself in the sea of Oseria, by diving too deep into the causes of its extraordinary flowing; So our eyes should be dazzled with the brightness of God's presence, and ourselves swallowed up in his bottomless counsels, we should not presume to look too fully upon so glorious a Majesty, we should not dive too far into the depth of those bottomless mysteries: but, as these heavenly beasts, and the holy Cherubims did cover their faces with two of their wings, So should we; because we are no ways able to dive into the depth of them.  
But as the Poet can say to every boy Mitte arcana Dei caelumque inquirere quid sit; 
That the secrets of State ought not to be pried into by the vulgar people.  So you must know, that besides arcana Dei, there are also mysteria imperii, secrets of State, which we must not search into but with these beasts cover our faces with two of our wings; for if there were no government both in the Church and Commonwealth, but Anarchy, and as the Poet saith 
Totaque discors:  
All things in confusion;  We were in a worse condition than the bruit beasts. For they are governed by the law of strength, when the weakest must yield and obey the stronger, as all the beasts unto the Lion, the souls unto the Eagle, and the fishes unto the Whale: But God ordered that men, endued with reason should be guided and governed by Laws, not only those that he delivered himself, but also those that are made by the wisest of men, as Moses, Solon, Lycurgus, and the like, Kings and Princes; and their under-Magistrates to rule and to govern the people according to their Laws: and this government is a matter of great weight and moment. And therefore the Prophet saith, that Christ his government is upon his shoulders, 
〈◊〉 9.6.  not in his hand, or at the arms end, but upon his shoulders, which are the bearing members of all heavy things: and government requires not only strength and strong shoulders to bear it, but also wisdom, and a good head, to guide it; because it is ars artium gubernare populum, it is one of the hardest things in the World, and the chiefest of all arts, to govern the people, especially when turba gins to be turbata multitudo, that is, wayward and froward. And therefore the Prophet David compareth the government of the unruly people, to the appeasing of the raging seas, saying unto God, Thou stillest the rage of the sea, 
How hard a thing it is to govern the unruly people.  and the noise of his waves, and the madness of the people.  
And this madness of the people requires grave Judges, and wise Lawyers, that can truly interpret the Laws, and judge all differences according to Law, which otherwise would be made like a nose of wax, to be turned which way you will.  
And lest their madness should stop the current both of the Law and Religion too, and so destroy both the learned Lawyers that preserve our right, and without whom we were not able to live in the Commonwealth; and the Preachers of the Gospel that maintain Religion, without which we were most miserable (as of late years they intended to do) The Kings and Princes that are the governor's of the people, must maintain soldiers and Captains to suppress their madness, and to preserve peace and religion both in the Church and Commonwealth. And therefore the soldiers as I shown not long since, are not to be slighted, but to be cherished and satisfied for their wages, that, as John Baptist saith, they may be contented therewith, and not forced through want to oppress the people.  
And seeing all these things and abundance more of like sort, that are requisite for the government of the people, can not be done without a great deal of counsel, and wisdom, and policy, and strength, and power, and the like; it is not for the common vulgars' to steal fire out of Heaven, to search out the reasons, and to pry into the causes and all the actions of their Superiors: but as the maxim of all wise men is, curabit praelia Conon, let the secrets of the Prince be to the Prince; and as the Medes said to Deioces, when they chose him to be their King, do thou what thou wilt about the government of us, both in war and peace, and we will obey thy commands and follow our husbandry, our trades, and our occasions; 
Josh. 1.16.  and as the Jews likewise said to Joshua, All that thou commandest us we will do, and whether soever thou sendest us we will go, and whosoever he be that doth rebel against thy commandment in all that thou commandest him, he shall be put to death: so should we and all other people, study to be quiet, as the Apostle speaketh, and to follow their vocation, and to learn obedience, which is better than sacrifice, and never to be so curious and censorious, as to pry into the secrets, and to condemn the actions of their Governors, but rather with the Cherubims, and these Beasts to cover thei● faces with two of their wings.  
And as they ought to do this about the secrets of State, 
The Church affairs ought to be left to the disposal of Aaron and the Priests.  so they should do the like about the Church affairs, which they should leave to Aaron and the Priests to dispose of; and not with the men of Beth-shemesh to pry into the Ark of the Lord: 
1 Sam. 6.19.  lest they suffer as they did, when the Lord smote fifty thousand, threescore and ten men for their curiosity in prying into the secrets of the Church. For what have Laymen to do with the ordering of holy things, that the Lord God hath committed unto the Priests? Ne Suitor ultra crepidam. said Apelles 
The Shoemaker must not touch the thigh  
Unless his art doth reach so high,  And will they order things in the Church of God, that have so much disorder in their own house, and can not tell how to mend it: therefore they ought rather to hid their faces with two of their wings, then to pry into the Government of the Church.  
For as I told you even now, that the Government of the Commonwealth was a matter of great moment, and to be borne upon the shoulders, which are the best able to bear it: so the Ark of God, 
1 Chron. 15.15.  wherein all the Government of the Church was included, was to be carried upon the shoulders of the Levites, 
1 Chron. 13.10.  1 Chron. 15.15. To show that this Government of the Church is no ways of less moment, than the Government of the civil State.  
Therefore when this Ark was put, not upon the shoulders of the Priests, 
Numbers 4.15.  according to the first institution, but to be carried upon a new cart, the Lord made a breach upon his people, and smote Vzza that he died; and so they may well fear the anger of the Lord will be kindled against those that take this Ark of God from the shoulders of the Priests, and put it, as it was of late, into the hands of those that had nothing to do with it.  
Secondly, 
2 2. Why they covered their feet.  As the Cherubims and these Beasts did cover their faces with two of their wings, to check our curiosity, because we are not able, and therefore ought not to pry into secret mysteries: so they covered their feet with two of their wings, to show our misery, because we have defiled ourselves and fouled our feet by our walking in the wicked ways and the dirty paths of sin and iniquity. And so we are no ways able to stand and to justify ourselves in the sight of God: for we are all become abominable, and there is none that doth good, no not one, But in all men there is corruption, in the best men there is defection, 
What the best of all our actious are.  and in the Angel's unfaithfulness hath been found.  
And therefore God hath shut up all in unbelief, that every mouth should be stopped, and all the world culpable before God; for if you look into the best of all our actions, and the choicest ways that we walk in, you shall find that the righteousness which we have by nature, is but justitia Gentilium, splendida peccata, as Saint Augustine calls them: or the wisdom of the flesh, not sanctified by faith, as Saint Paul calls it. The righteousness that we have by the Law is but justitia Pharisaeorum, which as Saint chrysostom saith, was in ostentatione non in rectitudine intentionis, in locutione non in opere, in corporis afflictione non in mandatorum observatione, and so it was but sceria obducta, sin guilded and unprofitable, because never perfectly performed, no not by the strictest Pharisee. And the righteousness which we have by grace, is but justiciae viatorum, inchoated and imperfect, and at the best but as menstruous  full of stains; but Jehova justitiae nostra, the Lord is that righteousness which must save us.  
And therefore we should never exalt ourselves with high conceits of our own worth, like the proud Pharisee; but rather fall down upon our knees with the humble Publican, and say, Lord be merciful unto me a sinner: and to cry out with the Prodigal Child, we have sinned against Heaven and against thee, and we are no more worthy to be called thy Sons. For if God should enter into judgement, and be extreme to mark what we do amiss, O Lord, who could abide it? For no flesh living could be justified. 
That we ought not to hid and cover our sins.  And therefore we should not stand to justify ourselves and our ways before God, but rather with these Beasts and those holy Cherubims to cover our feet with two of their wings.  
But by this covering of our feet, we must not understand the hiding and covering of our sins, as most of us use to do; for Solomon tells you plainly that he which hideth his sins shall not prosper, 
Prov. 28.13.  but who so confesseth and forsaketh them shall have mercy; 
1 john 1.8.  and Saint John saith if we say we have no sin we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us: but if we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.  
And therefore though we ought to cover our feet, that is, not to justify our ways before God: yet we must not cover our sins, but confess them with an humble, lowly, penitent and obedient heart, if ever we look to obtain forgiveness of the same.  
3. 
3 3. Why they did fly.  As they covered their feet with two of their wings, so with the other two wings they did fly; and that was to show the readiness of their obedience to do the service of God, and to teach all others to be industrious and diligent to do their duties: for here you see the Cherubims, and these holy Evangelists do not only go or run, but fly very swiftly to do the work of God, and to execute his will; and therefore the Prophet saith, 
How ready and dlligent we should be to do the works of God.  he road upon Cherub and did fly he came flying upon the wings of the wind, that is, his Messengers, that he sent to perform his commands, were as ready and as swift as the wind. He needed no more but say to this man go and he goeth, and to another come and he cometh, and saith, in me mora non erit ulla, 
Luean. Phars. lib. 1.  as Curio said unto Caesar.  
So we should all be swift to hear, and diligent to do our duties; not lazily to go about them, like the Snail, of whom the Poets fain, that when Jupiter invited his Creatures unto his Feast, the Snail came last of all, which admonisheth us, saith Alciat. — Sectanda gradu convivia tardo, To come slowly to revel and pleasures, but to the Lords Table, and to other holy exercises we should not be like the Snail, or the sluggard that crieth, yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep, but we should go nimbly like those that have wings to fly to do their business, because as Saint chrysostom saith, sicut in unoquoque mater est diligentia, ita universae doctrinae & disciplinae noverca est negligentia: diligence is the mother of every good act, and sloth or negligence is the stepmother or fetters that entangle and choke all learning and discipline. 
Sloth and negligence the hindrance of all good things, Cantic. 8.14.   
And as we ought to use diligence in all that we take in hand; so we ought more specially to use it in the service of God, and to go to our Saviour Christ, that bids his Church and every member of his Church to make haste, or to fly away, as the original word imports, and to be like to a Roe, or to a young Hart upon the mountains of spices, where she runneth and skippeth for very haste to get away: so Abraham made haste to make provision for the Angels that came unto him; and so David saith, O God, thou art my God, early will I seek thee: and so the women that sought Christ came early, while it was yet dark, unto the Sepulchre.  
And so all worldlings are diligent enough, and have wings like Pegasus to fly about the affairs of this world, — Currit mercator ad Indos: The Merchant runs to get Commodities unto the Indians, and the O pressours are most greedy to rob both God and man, and the malicious man hath his feet swift to shed blood, and the Fanatic schismatic flieth about, and compasseth Sea and Land to make a Proselyte; and yet we that profess to journey towards Heaven, do walk as it were upon leaden feet.  
For you may see the Citizens of this World, how diligent they are and spare no cost to repair and beautify their own houses in the fairest manner; and how slow they are, and how backward to do any thing to set up the houses of God upon their feet. But are like the Dog in the manger, that will neither eat hay himself, nor suffer the Ox to eat it; so they will neither raise the Church themselves, 
1 Chron. 29.1, 2, 3.  nor suffer those that would, to enjoy the Revenues of the Church to raise the same.  
But you know how heavily the Lord complaineth of those that dwell in sieled houses themselves, 
Hag. 1.4.  and suffer the house of God to lie waste; and that use their wings to fly about their own worldly affairs, and have scarce any feet to walk in God's ways.  
And therefore our Saviour tells us, 
How diligent the worldlings are about their own affairs.  that the children of this World are wiser in their generation then the children of light; because they omit no opportunity to gain their wicked ends; and we neglect all the furtherances that may help us forward to the Kingdom of Heaven.  
For so you see how Judas watched and walked unto the High Priests, and from the High Priests to the Garden, and from the Garden to the High Priests again, and from the High-Priests to the gallows, and most of this while Saint Peter and the rest of the Disciples slumbered and slept.  
But the reason why we are so slow in our flight towards heaven, is, because our wings that should carry us, are bird-limed and entangled with abundance of cares about worldly wealth, or drowned in the vain delights of sinful pleasures, or pressed down with the weight of those vanities, whereof the least is heavy enough to sink a ship; that being burdened with such hindrances, and hindered with such burdens, we cannot serve God with that readiness as we ought to do. For is it not strange to consider, how many men's hearts are filled with the cares of this World, and their heads loaded with a world of vanities? and how should they fly about God's service, that are thus fettered with such obstacles?  
And therefore, 
What hindereth our readiness to serve God, and our diligence in his service.  as we see the birds that fly, will carry no more weight upon their backs, but what necessity doth require: And as the runners of a race, will ease themselves of all heavy burdens; so we being to fly up to Heaven, and to run our race towards the spiritual Canaan, should cast away both deliciarum putredinens & curarum magnitudinem, our worldly cares and our sinful delights, and all other things that may hinder us to run readily to do the Lords service, and to fly with the Cherubims and these Beasts, about the Lords affairs.  
Which if we do, we shall be crowned not with a garland of flowers, as the Romans used, but with a crown of eternal glory, as the Apostle speaketh. And if this cannot allure us to be ready and diligent in God's service, but still to load ourselves with the garbages of the earth; then I must turn from the Apostles promise to the Prophets threatening, and say, 
Jerem. 48.10.  Cursed shall all those be that do the work of the Lord negligently: cursed in this life, and cursed in the life to come, cursed for a time, and cursed for ever.  
And therefore if we desire to avoid this curse, let us with these beasts use two of our wings to fly about the service of God with all readiness, and rather strive to be the first in the Church of God than the last; for so we shall gain the blessing for ever. And so much for the wings of these beasts, and the use that they made of them.  
2. 
2 2 The next part of their description is, that they were full of eyes.  You must observe about the next part of their general description (which is common to each one of them) that they are said, 

First, To be full of eyes. And  
Secondly, More particularly, that they were full of eyes,  
1. Within. v. 8.  
2. Before. v. 6.  
3. Behind. v. 6.   For so it is in the 6. v. that they were full of eyes before and behind, and here in this verse, that they were full of eyes within.  
First than you see, that they were full of eyes, which showeth their illumination, that they could see like Argos every way; and our Saviour saith, that the light of the body is the eye; and those beasts being full of eyes, 
Matth. 6, 22 c. 5.14.  they are rightly said to be the light of the World.  
And here I might Philosophically dilate unto you the nature, quality, and excellency of this little part of the body, which is, the eye, and the inestimable benefit of our sight, which is the chiefest of all the five senses, but to explain all these, my time will not permit me.  
And therefore I will only say, that as these beasts were full of eyes, to see all things and to enlighten all others: so should all Christians be like unto them, full of eyes; and especially, 

1 All Magistrates.  
2 All Ministers.    
All the Magistrates and all the Judges of the earth should be full of eyes; 
1 1 That all the Magistrates and Ministers of justice should be full of eyes.  because they are not only to look unto themselves, and to see to their own ways, but they are also to guide and to lead many others. And if they be blind, & yet undertake to lead the blind, the blind Magistrates to lead the blind people, they both shall fall into the ditch, as of late amongst us both have done; because both wanted their eyes, and so both were blind, and he is blind, saith Saint Chrysostom, that hath not both his eyes in his head.  
And these two eyes in a Magistrate and a Judge are, 

1. 
What are the two eyes of the Magistrate.  The eye of Knowledge and understanding of the Law, and of all cases and causes that shall come before them.  
2. The eye of doing justice and executing judgement according to the truth and merit of every cause.   And for the first point, 
1 1 The eye of knowledge and understanding the truth of the cause that is brought before them in every circumstance thereof.  the understanding of all things aright, one eye will scarce serve the turn; but they must be like these beasts full of eyes: one eye to look to the Complainants charge, another to mark the Defendants answer, and another to observe the quirks and subtleties of the Pleaders: and all this they must behold and see, not without a great deal of patience, and a great deal of circumspection; for as Seneca saith. Qui parte judicat inaudita altera, aequum licet statuerit, ipse haud aequus est.  
And therefore though the cry of Sodom and Gomorrha was great, and their sin very grievous; yet the Lord would not destroy them, but he saith, I will go down now and see whether they have done according to the cry of it: and if not, I will know. 
Gen. 18.21.  So there is another cry amongst us, that the power and privilege of Parliament doth many ways wrong men, and against many poor men stop the current of justice. It were well to do as God did, to see whether it be altogether according to the cry of it; for you may be sure, that privilege is accursed, and woe be to that power that maintains wrong, and stops justice: and it will be a great deal more for your honour to lay aside that power, and to suppress such a privilege then to support it. And I think few but such as never were in power afore would use it.  
So when the report came, that the men of any City became Idolatrous and the seducers of the people to idolatry, 
Deut. 13.14.  as now our Anabapt●sts and Quakers withdraw their neighbours to their faction and rebellion, the Lord saith, then shalt thou inquire, and make search, ask diligently and behold if it be truth, and the thing certain, that such abomination is wrought: Then for the second point, If thou findest it true, 
V 15,  that thou seest they have done it, thou shalt surely smite the inhabitants of that City with the edge of the sword, and destroy it utterly. For, 
2 2 The eye of doing justice, that offences should not be suffered to go unpunished. Aug. Epist. 182. add Bonifac.   
2 when with these eyes they do see the offence, they should not let the offender escape, quia impunitas delicti invitat homines ad malignandum, because the leaving of sin unpunished is the chiefest encouragement to invite other men to sin; for by favouring one, you hearten many: and as Saint Augustine saith, Illicita non prohibere consensus erroris est, not to restrain sin when you see it, is to maintain sin in them that do it, and he that suffereth it, which should hinder it, is as culeable as he that commits it. And Solomon saith, He that justifieth the wicked, or saith unto him, thou art righteous, and so let him go unpunished, and quasheth all that shall be proved against him, him shall the people curse, and Nations shall abhor him; and such a Judge deserveth very well to be accursed. 
Prov. 24.24.   
And it is most certain, that the suffering of oppressors, intruders, and the like malefactors to pass away unpunished, will bring the curse of God upon any Nation, and especially upon them that should hinder it and will not do it. For, nil doctores nisi ductores, the Ministers of mercy can do no good though we preach never so well, except the Ministers of Justice will maintain that good, because we can but forbid the corruption of the heart, and they must prohibit the wickedness of the hand; when as we only have the words of exhortation, and they only have the sword of correction.  
And therefore seeing the eye of Justice should not wink and connive with the transgressors, the falsehearted subjects and traitors, the oppressors and plunderers of their brethren, be they of what Nation you will, Jew or Gentile, and of what condition you will, high or low, which might think it favour enough to have their wickedness pardoned, though they be not honoured and magnified, when the same deserves rather to be severely punished, than any ways to be connived at; but I will pass from this point, that is too hot to be held long in my hand. And yet I must tell you that this should not ways countenance the condemning of any man that is innocent; for the Scripture is very plain, that justum & innocentem non condemnabis, neither is it any justice to punish Mephibosheth for Ziba's fault, but as every horse should bear his own burden, so should every man suffer for his own faults: so let the rebels that were murderers and traitors suffer and spare them not, but let the innocent go free.  
2. I say, that as the Magistrates and Judges should be like these Beasts, full of eyes; so should the Ministers and Preachers of God's word be likewise full of eyes: For otherwise it were to no purpose either for the Judge and the Magistrate, or for the Preacher and Minister to be like Lions, full of courage, unless they were also full of eyes, and their eyes should be sharp and quicksighted like the eagle's eyes: for the blind Lion may soon fall into the snare or ditch, and then his strength and courage will avail him nothing. And therefore as well the Minister as the Magistrate should be like unto these Beasts, full of eyes, and especially to have two eyes at the least.  

1. The one of famous learning and knowledge. And,  
2. The other of a blameless life and conversation. 
2 2. That the Ministers and Preachers should be full of eyes.    
And if the Minister wanteth either of these, he is but monoculus, an one-eyed Priest, not fit by the Law of God to serve at God's Altar, that would have his Priests without blemish.  
1. The Priest's lips should preserve knowledge; 
1 1. The eye of Learning. The eye often signifies the understanding.  and the eye by the idiom and customary phrase of the Hebrews is often put for the whole mind and understanding of a man, quia oculi sunt praecipui mentis indices, because the eye is the most principal index and declarer of the mind; so impudicus oculus impudici cordis est nuntius, an unchaste eye is the witness of an unchaste heart, saith St. Hierom, and a pitiful eye is the testimony of a good merciful man.  
Therefore he eye put for the mind and signifying the understanding, the Ministers that ought to be full of eyes, aught to be full of knowledge and understanding; for if they want knowledge, how shall the people get the knowledge of God's Laws from them that know nothing themselves? The people must needs perish, and they shall be liable for their destruction; for when they perish through the Preachers fault, I will require their blood at the Preachers hand, saith the lord 
Ezech. 3.20.  And therefore those Ministers that have taken upon them the charge of souls, and do either want the eye of learning and the light of understanding, or else keep it in themselves like the fire that is in the flint stone, and warms no man, or the candle that is put under a bushel, and lights no part of the house, are in a fearful case, because that as our Saviour saith, 
Matth. 5. ●3,  when the salt hath lost his savour, 
The desperate condition of ignorant and negligent Ministers.  it is thenceforth good for nothing but to be cast out and to be trodden under foot; so when the crier hath lost his voice by being choked with junkates, and the watchman hath lost his eyes by too much sweeting after worldly wealth, and the Minister cannot preach either through ignorance or negligence, they are thenceforth good for nothing but to be cast out and thrown into the bottomless pit. But, 
2 2. The eye of a blameless life.   
2. As the Ministers of Christ should have the quick sighted eye of learning and knowledge, so they should have the clear eye of a blameless life and conversation, otherwise as Penelope to delude her wooers, is said to untwist in the night what she spun in the day: so by the darkness of their evil life, they pull down all that they built by the light of their preaching.  
The Lord saith, 
Exod. 20.26,  that the Priest shall not go up by steps unto his Altar, that his nakedness be not discovered thereon: and Saint Bernard saith, there are four things necessary for every Priest ne quid nuditatis appareat, that his nakedness may not appear. And they are,  
1. 
Four things necessary for every Priest.  Capiti velamentum, a veil for his head; and that is prudent discretion which covereth all his folly and imbecility, and is not only a virtue but the guider and moderatrix of all virtues.  
2. Corpori vestimentum, a garment for the body, and that is fervent devotion, because it is the office and duty of the Minister to pray for all; 

1. For the good men, that they may continue good and not fall.  
2. For the evil men, that they may rise from their fall. And prayer without devotion, is like the body without a soul.    
3. Manibus munimentum, a covering for the hands, and that is good works; because that as our works are strengthened through our prayers, 
Hieron. in Lament. c. 3.  so our prayers are available through our works, saith Saint Jerome.  
4. Pedibus fulcimentum, props and shoes or sandals for the feet; and that is a pure and an upright life and conversation, because bad Ministers do not dispensare but dissipare bona Domini, and rather dishonour then honour their Lord and Master Christ: And therefore the Heathen Priests at their sacrifical solemnities, were wont to say, 
Innocui veniant, procul hinc, procul impius esto;  
Casta placent superis, pura cum ment venite.  And as the Magistrates and Ministers should be f●ll of eyes, 
That all good Christians should be full of eyes.  so all Christians in like manner should be full of eyes, to look unto themselves and to their ways; for though, as the Apostle speaketh, they were once darkness, while God winked at the time of their ignorance: yet now they are light in the Lord, even as the Prophet shown they should be, The people that walked in darkness have seen great light, 
Esay. 9.2.  and they that dwell in the Land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined, because it cannot be denied but that as Daniel saith, knowledge is increased, and as our Saviour saith, light is come into the world.  
And therefore the people should take heed that they love not darkness more than light, or that they be not like the fool Harpaste that was as blind as a beetle, and yet would not be persuaded, as Seneca saith, that she was blind but that the room was dark▪ For I fear that we have too many men that think they want no eyes, but that the house of God is dark and wants light; but that is because they are bleere-eyed like Leah, and look a squint and cannot see the truth.  
There be many others that are full of eyes, 
Many are full of eyes, yet not like these beasts, but of all evil eyes.  but their eyes are oculi nequam evil eyes, such as Saint Peter speaks of; and others have eyes far worse. My time will not give me leave to discover them.  
But if the Lord should say unto me, as he said to his Prophet Amos, what seest thou: I must answer, 
Amos. 8.2.  I dare not tell what I see: and if the Lord replies, should they that are to be like Lions become as fearful as the Hares, that run away from the noise of the Hounds? Have I not often delivered thee as I did Elisha after he had delivered his message unto Jehu, when he presently shut the door and fled? 
2 2 Reg. 9.3. & v. 10.  therefore I command thee to tell me, what seest thou.  
Why then, if thou commandest me, I must tell; and I must say with the Prophet, that I have seen unrighteousness and strife in the City; moreover I saw the place of judgement, and wickedness was there; 
Eccles. 3.16.  and the place of righteousness, and iniquiquity was there: 
●. 4.1.  and I saw the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comfort because power was on the side of their oppressors. And worse than the parable of Menenius Agrippa, when all the members conspired against the stomach, I have seen a monstrous ill-shaped body cutting off his own most excellent and unreprovable head; and the worst Parliament that ever England saw, rebelling and warring, and doing far worse to the best King that ever England had. And I have seen the Commons-house of that Parliament encroaching by little and little upon the rights and privileges of the Lords, as the Plebeians did upon the nobility of Rome, till at last they had quite supplanted them: felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum, I hope, O Lord, that I shall never see the like again.  
Yet I see one thing more that troubles me much, many men that say (excepting the conscience of their religion, that should not undo them) they are innocent from any offence done either against their King or against their neighbours, and yet to be driven out of house and home, and those that were known to be rebels & to have fought against their King to enjoy their Lands and Live, and to become great men, and to hold in their fingers the Lands of Innocents', of the King, of the Church, and of God himself, which can as hardly be plucked out of their singers, as it was to pluck the club out of Herculeses hands; for they have got possession of them, and possession being as they say eleven points of the Law, twelve Juries cannot dispossess them.  
But for the trial of the truth hereof, his Majesty hath most graciously appointed, and his Grace here doth most favourably countenance these wise and religious men that shall justly and religiously determine these things. And I am confident that being wise men as they are, they will show themselves men of courage, bold as the Lion to do justly, and to stand for the right Interest, be it of the Jew or of the Gentile, without fear of the greatest, and not caring what the meanest or the vulgar say of them; quia nec meliores si laudaverint, nec deteriores si vituperaverint, because their praise makes them never a whit the better if they do unjustly, nor their dispraise one jot the worse when they do right, which is the only thing that all men ought to do without fear. And by their just and unpartial dealing betwixt party and party, I doubt not but they will as they have hitherto, show themselves to be full of eyes to see to every thing, to search into every cause, and to find out the truth of every matter and every charge that shall be brought before them.   

THE THIRD SERMON.  REVEL. 4.8. 
And the four Beasts had each of them six wings about them, and they were full of eyes within, etc.  
2. 
2 2. The distribution of their eyes.  AFTER that they are said to be full of eyes, the Evangelist tells us more particularly that they were full of eyes within; and in the precedent 6. v. 
v. 6.  it is said, that they were full of eyes before and behind, so they were Full of eyes, 

1. Within.  
2. Before.  
3. Behind.    
1. They were full of eyes within, 
1 1. Why these beasts were full of eyes within. Jer. 17.9.  and that was to look into their own hearts and consciences, for the heart of man is deceitful above all things: It is but a little member, vix ad unius milvi refectionem sufficere possit, scarce sufficient to servone Kite for his breakfast; 
Hugol. 3. de anima.  and yet as Hugo saith, magna cupit, & totus mundus ei non sufficit, it affecteth great things, and as Juvenal saith of Alexander, the whole World will not suffice that Pellaean youth.  
And it is very true, that In omni creatura, quae sub sole vanitatibus mundanis occupatur, nihil humano corde sublimius, nihil nobilius, nihilque Deo similius reperitur; quapropter nihil aliud quaerit à te Deus nisi cor tuum, In all the creature which under the sun is occupied in these worldly vanities, there is nothing more sublime than man's heart, nothing more noble, and nothing more like to God himself; and therefore God requireth nothing of thee but thy heart, 
Pro. 23.26.  when he saith, My son, give me thy heart.  
But then the heart must be pure and sincere, free from all vanities, and void of all iniquity; for otherwise, qui de suo partem faciunt Deo, & partem diabolo, iratus Deus quia sit ibi pars diabolo, discedet, & tetum diabolus possidet; They that give part of their hearts to God, and part to the Devil, God being angry that any part is left for the Devil, departeth and leaveth all unto the Devil, 
S. Aug. in Johan. Matth. 5.8.  as St. Augustine speaketh.  
And therefore the Scripture saith, blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God; quia Deus non exterioribus oculis sed puro corde videtur, saith Saint Augustine, because God is not seen with our outward eyes, but with a pure and upright heart. But Vae duplici cord, woe to him that hath a double heart, 
Quod ingratum est ad beneficia, infidum ad consilia, saevum ad judicia, inverecundum ad turpia & impavidum ad pericula. Bernard. l. 5. the considerate.  which saith one thing with his tongue, and thinks otherwise in his heart; and woe to him that hath a wicked heart, which speaketh friendly unto his neighbour, but meaneth mischief in his heart; and woe to him indeed, which hath a hard heart, which as St Bernard saith, nec compunctione scinditur, nec pietate mollitur, nec precibus movetur, which is neither broken with compunction nor mollified with piety, nor moved with prayers, nor terrified with threaten, nor yet yielding with any judgements: but is unthankful for all benefits, regardless of all counsel, and senseless of all dangers, and so still growing worse and worse, until like Pharaoh, he be quite destroyed.  
And yet how many men have we that are double hearted and false hearted, and more deceiful than the wily Greeks that lurked in the belly of the Trojan Horse, or the subtle Serpent that beguiled Eve? And that which is worst of all, which do deceive and betray their own souls? For as of all murders felo de se is most impardonable, so of all deceits, he that deceives his own soul is most desperate, and in the most woeful condition. And yet as Apollodorus the tyrant dreamt that he was taken and flayed by the Scythians, and his heart thrown into a boiling Cauldron, should say unto him, I am the cause of all this myself, because I have deceived thee in all thy ways, and in all thy plots and projects: so how many simple, foolish, and beguiled souls are in the world, that in all their wicked plots and practices, and in all their covetous designs and mercyless oppressions of the poor, 
John, 16.2.  do beguile themselves and betray their souls unto the Devil? When, as our Saviour saith, they shall put his servants out of the Synagogues, out of their places and offices, as they have done of late, and out of their means and maintenance, as you do still amongst us, and shall kill them and put them to death, and think that they do God good service, and believe that they have the eagle's wings to mount up the readyest way to Heaven, when as indeed they ride Post upon Pegasus the broad way to Hell.  
And therefore, seeing the heart of man is so deceitful, as many times to persuade him he holds God by the hand, when the Devil hath him fast fettered by the heels, it is requisite that we should be like these Beasts full of eyes within, to look into our own hearts, that they do not deceive us, and to examine our own ways, that we be not mistaken in them; lest, while we aim to go to Jerusalem the City of God, we shall with the Army of the King of Syria, 
2 Reg. 6.19.  that he sent to Dotham to fetch Elisha, be carried blindefold into the midst of Samaria, the City of our greatest Enemy; for so the Prophet David saith, he did commune with his own heart, 
Ps. 77.6.  and his spirit made a diligent search, that is, into his actions, lest his own heart should deceive him: 
Ps. 4.4.  and so he adviseth us to do the like, saying, Stand in awe and sin not, common with your own heart, that is, to examine diligently, whether the things that you do be sins or not: and do not trust the suggestions and suppositions of your hearts, until you make a search, and a diligent inquisition into the true nature of them, because many men do think, they do not sin at all, when they do most highly offend the Lord.  
And the reason is, 
Why men deceive themselves.  because they have no eyes within, to look into their own hearts, and to examine their own actions; but they are only full of eyes without, to pry into the do, and to censure all the acts of all others, which is the humour of them, that take delight to spy out the least mote that they see in the eyes of others, but never look into the beam that is in their own eyes, those horrible sins that lurk in their own hearts.  
And this multiplicity of eyes without, and the want of all eyes within, when those that should be within are turned out, is the cause that there are so many reformers of our Church, and censurers of our State, Etiam opifices quorum res fidesque in manibus sitae sunt, Yea, that even mere. Mechanics, Handicraftsmen, and Ploughman, whose credit, wealth, and wit lies in their hands, as Sallust speaks of the seditious Plebeians of Rome, do so impudently prate and censure the Government both of the Church and Commonwealth.  
But as our Saviour said to St. Peter, when he would needs know what should become of St. John, Quid ad te? What is that to thee? Do thou follow me: so I say to these men, Quid ad vos? What have you to do with the mysteries of State, or the matters of the Church? It becomes you to do as the Apostle adviseth you, 
1 Thes. 4.11.  To study to be quiet, and to meddle with your own business; and, as my Text saith, to be full of eyes within, to look unto your own actions, and not immittere falcem in alienam messem, and to do as many Gentlemen use to do, that is, to travel over France, Italy, and Spain, to understand the custems and fashions of other Countries, and to be altogether ignorant of the Laws, customs, and conditions of their own Country. But,  
2. These Beasts are not only said to be full of eyes within, 
2 2. Why these beasts were full of eyes behind.  but in the sixth verse they are also said to be full of eyes before and behind. And that was to this end.  
1. They were full of eyes behind, to look backward, and to behold the times and things that are past.  
2. They were full of eyes before. 

1. To consider the times and things that are present.  
2. To foresee the things, and to provide for the times that are to come.   And Moses, the man of God, that was faithful in all God's house, thought that this threefold sight and consideration of the times past, present, and to come, would surely make the children of Israel to fear the Lord their God, and to walk in his ways; or if these things would not do it, he knew nothing in the world that could do it: and therefore a little before his death, in his last farewell, and in the chiefest and most affectionate Sermon that ever he made unto this people, this is the chiefest wish that ever I found expressed therein, 
Deut, 32.29.  O utinam saperent & intelligerent, ac novissima previderent! O that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would consider their latter end! that is, utinam saperent praeterita, intelligerent praesentia, & providerent futura, I would to God, that this people did remember and call to mind the things that are past, that they understood the things that are present, and that they would consider the things that are to come, and shall inevitably fall upon them.  
And as Moses, so do I wish to Almighty God, that all and every one that heareth me this day, would do as Moses here desireth, and would be, as these Beasts are here described, that they might do what is here required. And that is,  
1. To be full of eyes behind, to behold the times, and to consider the things that are past; for the want of this sight and consideration is a main cause of so much wickedness among the people, and so much ignorance and impudence in our late Fanatique Leaders of their seduced followers: for if they would have done, 
Dent. 32.  as Moses adviseth us, To remember the days of old, and read the Ecclesiastical Histories, Councils, and Canons of the Church, and other Histories, the Records of time, both of the Greeks and Latins, I persuade myself they would never have been so disloyal and rebellious against their Civil Governors, and so averse and refractory to the Prelates of our Church, Quia ignorantia mater inobedientia.  
And therefore with Moses, we have great reason to wish that our men were, like these Beasts, full of eyes behind them, to behold the times and things that are past; and especially; for I will name no more at this time, but, 

1. God's dealing towards man.  
2. Man's requital unto God.    
1. It is a true saying of St. Augustine, Antequam conditi essemus, nihil beni merebamur, Before man was made he could deserve no good, he could merit no favour; and yet if sinful man had any eyes behind him, to see what great things God hath done for him, he should find cause enough to cry out with the Psalmist, 
What God did for Adam in Paradise.  O God, what is man that thou art so mindful of him, and so exceeding gracious unto him? for thou madest him a man, when thou mightest have made him a beast: and he made him in his own image, and after his own likeness, in righteousness and true holiness, and he placed him in Paradise, the sweetest place of all the world, in a garden of God's own making, and an orchard of his own planting, that brought all manner of fruits, and all kind of pleasant flowers, at all times of the year: and he made him Lord and Master over all his creatures, the beasts of the field, the fowls of the air, the fishes of the sea, and whatsoever walketh through the paths of the seas: and these he needed not to run after them, and take pains to tame them as we do, but they were to come unto him, and to be obedient to him of their own accord. And because that among all these there was not a mate found meet for man, God made him an helper fit for him, a Lady more excellent than Helen, whom he loved, and delighted in her at first sight.  
And were not these, Beneficia nimis copiosa, multa & magna, privata & positiva? Blessings and benefits, for number beyond number, and for excellency beyond expression; for as the Psalmist saith, Who can express the noble works of the Lord, and show forth all his praise?  
But how did man requite all these benefits? 
How Adam requited God.  God gave him but unum breve, leve, & utile mandatum, one short, easy, and most profitable Precept if he had observed it; no positive injunction of any hard work, but that which is far easier to be kept, a negative inhibition, that he should not eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, this was all, and no great matter, how easily might he have done it? Yet this man sold his God, that had done such great things for him, and broke his Commandment for an Apple. 
What moved Adam and Evah to offend God? Ambition.  And what moved him to do this, but that which moveth all his children ever since, to destroy themselves and all the Kingdoms of the earth, Ambition? That he might be as Lucifer desired to be before him, similis Altissimo, like Gods, knowing good and evil.  
And this infernal weed, that first took life in Lucifer's breast, hath poisoned all his Posterity ever since, and especially all the great men of this world, that desire to be greater, and affect and contend for honour and greatness above measure. For as Eudoxus the Philosopher desired of the Gods, that he might behold the Sun very near, to comprehend the form, greatness, and beauty thereof, and afterwards be burnt of it, as the Poets say Phaeton was: so Ambition is the boldest and the most disorderly passion of all those desires, which trouble men's minds, and fills their heads with an unsatiable greediness of obtaining those things, which they should no ways desire; and by that means, as Adam did, they undo themselves and many thousands more: for so Mar. Crassus, the richest man in Rome, 
M. Crassus.  burning with ambition and an excessive desire of new triumphs, presumed at sixty years of age to undertake the war against Arsaces, King of the Parthians, and therein his whole Army was discomfited, himself miserably slain, twenty thousand of his men killed, 
●. Marius.  and ten thousand taken Prisoners: So Caius Marius weakened with old age, but strengthened by Ambition to continue in sovereign authority, would undertake the war against Mithridates' King of Pontus; and thereby he was the cause of his own utter overthrow, and of that great slaughter, which imbrued all Italy and Spain with the deluge of blood, that Sylla, by his extreme cruelty, brought upon them.  
And the like may be said of Spurius Melius the Roman Senator, 
Spurius Melius. Marc. Manlius. Hen. 5.  of Marc. Manlius, of Henry the Fifth, whose ambition deprived his own father from the Empire, and caused him to die miserably in Prison; and indeed of those threescore and thirteen Emperors, that, within the space of one hundred years, died all of them (excepting three that died of sickness in their beds) by violent deaths. And as the ambition of the Triumvirate Octau. Antonius, and Lepidus, had well-nigh ruinated the Roman Empire; 
Pet. de la Primauday. fr. accad. pag. 223.  so Peter de la Primauday saith, that the ambition of the Dukes of Orleans and Burgundy had almost utterly consumed the Kingdom of France, and was the occasion, that more than four thousand men were slain within Paris inone day: and so I may say, that this wild plant and bitter root of Ambition, that first sprang up in Paradise, and afterwards grew worse and worse in the accursed earth, was the cause that moved the late Usurper, and many others of those Traitors and Rebels that followed him, to bring all the calamities, that we have both seen and felt in these Dominions.  
And therefore we ought to detest this cursed Plant, that brought forth such bitter fruits of undutifulness, unthankfulness, and rebellion to be rendered unto God for all the great good that he had done for man.  
But now, after that man had fallen, and thus disloyally sinned against God, Non dignus est peccator pane quo vescitur, nec lumine coeli quo illuminatur, The sinner, even the best of us all that are Adam's seed, is not worthy of the bread that he eateth, or the light of the Sun that shines unto him; for if before his being, he deserved no good; how much evil doth he now deserve, when he hath so foully defiled himself, and so highly offended his God?  
And yet, utinam saperent, 
How graciously God dealt with Adam, after he had sinned.  I would to God we would cast our eyes behind us, to behold and see the goodness of God, and what wonders he hath done for the children of men; for he pitied Adam when he was naked, and made them coats of skin to hid and cover their nakedness, and to preserve their bodies from the storms of winter, and the scorching heat of summer. And when all the World had corrupted their ways before God, he saved Noah and his family, 
And with the seed of Adam.  when the deluge destroyed all other flesh: and afterward he snatched away Abraham out of the very flames of Idolatry, that was begun to be kindled in his father Terah's house, and then he delivered him out of Egypt, and preserved him out of all his troubles: And for the seed of Abraham, 
The Israelites.  the children of Israel, Moses tells you what God hath done for them; for, when he divided to the Nations their inheritance, 
Deut. 32.8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.  he took Jacob for the lot of his own inheritance; and though he found him in a desert land, and in the waste howling wilderness, yet he led him about, he instructed him, and kept him as the apple of his eye, and he made him ride on the high places of the earth, that he might eat the eucrease of the fields, and he made him to suck honey out of the rock, and oil out of the fliuty rock, butter of kine, and milk of sheep, fat of lambs, and ramms of the breed of Basan, and goats with the fat of kidneys, of wheat, and to drink the pure blood of the grape.  
And the Prophet Ezekiel doth amplify the great goodness of God towards this people more at large, saying, that their birth and their nativity was of the land of Canaan, their father was an Amorite and their mother an Hittite, (i. e.) an accursed people; and in the day that thou wast born, thy navel was not cut, neither waist thou washed in water, nor salted, nor swaddled at all, no eye pitied thee to have compassion upon thee; but thou wast cast out in the open field to the loathing of thy person: and when I saw thee polluted in thine own blood, I said unto thee, live; and I washed thee with water, and anointed thee with oil, I clothed thee also with broidered work, and shod thee with badgers skin, and I girded thee about with fine linen, and I covered thee with silk, I decked thee also with ornaments, and I put bracelets upon thine hands, and a chain on thy neck, even as our fine Ladies have in these days, and I have put a jewel on the forehead, and earrings in thine ears, and a beautiful Crown upon thy head, and thou didst eat fine flower, 
E●ech. 16.3. ad v. 15.  and honey, and oil, and thou becamest exceeding beautiful and perfect through my comeliness which I had put upon thee, saith the Lord God.  
And what reward did this people render unto God, 
How unthankful and undutiful they were to God.  and what requital have they made unto him for all these great benefits, that this good God had done unto them? First Moses tells you, They waxed fat, and then they kicked, as we lately did, and forsook God that made them, and lightly esteemed the rock of their salvation; They provoked him to jealousy with strange Gods, and moved him to anger with their abominations: They sacrificed to Devils and not to God, to Gods that they knew not, that came newly up, whom theirfathers' feared not, which was and is the fruit of every new Religion, as of late days we have fully seen amongst us.  
And then, as they forsook God that form them, so presently they rebelled against his servants, they muttered and murmured and rejected all their Governors; and as the Psalmist saith, They angered Moses in their tents, and Aaron the Saint of the Lord: for these two, to forsake God, and to rebel against their Governors, do always go together. And if you look into the foresaid sixteenth Chapter of Ezekiel, you shall see how the Prophet showeth their wickedness, and how they have multiplied their abominations above measure, and as many of us, over-wickedly and unjustly seeking to make our children great in this world, do bring them unto the Devil in the world to come; 
Ezech. 16.21.  so did they slay their children, and cause them to pass through the fire, and as the Psalmist saith, 
Ps. 106.37.  They offered their sons and their daughters unto Devils: and the Lord himself assureth us, that Sodom had not done so wickedly as they had done, 
Ezek. 16.48.51.  and Samaria had not committed half of their sins.  
And what an intoierable ingratitude was this? The most monstrous thing that ever was; not possibly to be described, quia dixeris maledicta cuncta, cum ingratum hominem dixeris; because thou sayest all the evils that can be said, when thou namest an ungrateful man; especially to God, that hath done such great things for us.  
For we read of many bruit beasts, that for small benefits, have been very thankful unto men, as of the Dog, that for a piece of bread, will follow and be ready to die for his Master, and the Lion that for pulling a thorn out of his foot, preserved the slave that did it, from all the beasts of the forest, and afterwards his life on the Theatre in Rome; and Prima●day tells us of an Arabian infidel, that, being taken prisoner, and afterwards set at liberty by Baldwin King of Jerusalem, in token of his thankfulness for that favour, 
Pet. Prim. c. 40. p. 431.  he went to him by night, into a Town where he was retired, after he had lost the field, and declared to him the purpose of his companions, and conducted him, until he had brought him out of all danger.  
And when bruit beasts and Pagans are thus thankful unto us, shall man be unthankful unto God? No, no: He should be truly thankful.  
And Seneca saith there be four special conditions of true thankfulness.  

1. Grate accipere; to receive it thankfully.  
2. Nunquam oblivisci; Never to forget it, for he can never be thankful that hath forgotten the benefit.  
3. Ingenue fateri per quem profecerimus: 
Four conditions of true thankfulness.  ingeniously to acknowledge by whom we are profited.  
4. Pro virili retribuere: to requite the benefit received in the best manner that we are able.   
But this people scarce observed any one of them, I am sure not the second, and therefore not possibly the third and fourth; for the Prophet David tells us plainly, that after the Lord had showed his tokens among them, and his wonders in the land of Ham, and had brought forth his people with joy, and his chosen with gladness, and had given them the lands of the Heathen, 
Ps. 105.42, 43,  so that they did as many have done amongst us, to take the labours of the people in possession, 
Ps. 106.13.  Yet, within a while, they did as we do, forget his works, and would not abide his counsel: 
V 21.  yea, they forgot God their Saviour, which had done so great things in Egypt, wondrous things in the land of Ham, and fearful things by the Red sea.  
But to let this people pass, that were destroyed for their unthankfulness, let us look unto ourselves and have our eyes behind us, to behold and see.  

First, 
What God did for us, the people of these dominions. Amos 3.2.  What God hath done for us. And,  
Secondly, What we have done for the honour and service of God. And,   
First, As the Lord said of the Jews, You only have I chosen of all the families of the earth: so I believe the Lord may justly say of our King's dominions, that he shown more love and favour unto them, than he did to any other Kingdom of the World; for whatsoever good he did to others, he did the same to us. And he shown two more signal favours to us, than he did to any other Kingdom of all Christendom; As  
I. He raised the good Emperor Constantine, the Son of Helen out of Britain, to close up the days of persecution, and shut the doors of the Idol-Temples.  
II. When the mists of ignorance, and errors, and superstition had covered and overshadowed almost all the Church of Christ, God sent successively no less than five such excellent Protestant Princes, King Edward the sixth, Queen Elizabeth, King James, and King Charles the I. and II. (as no other Kingdom had the like) to protest against all the Popish errors and superstition, and to make such a perfect reformation of Religion, that, both for Doctrine and Discipline, no Church in Christendom is so purely and so perfectly established, as these Churches of our King's dominions are, such love and such mercies of God to us, as exceeded all the blessings of the earth, and shown to no other Nation of the world in such a measure, but to this.  
And what reward, I pray you, 
What requital have we rendered unto God.  have we and our people rendered unto God for those great unparalleled benefits that he hath done unto us? I do profess I have been a man ever faithful to my King, and ever fearless of all the dangers of the world; and therefore, I must say the truth, as Saint Steven told the Jews, though I should far as Saint Steven did, that as they were a stiffnecked people, that have always resisted the Holy Ghost, and persecuted the Prophets, and been the traitors and murderers of Christ: so have the major part of us shown themselves a rebellious Nation, that confederated to assist the Devil, to requite Gods extraordinary signal favour to us, with extraordinary signal contempt of God's service, and signal malice to all his servants above any other nation of the World, by raising out of us, and bringing in amongst us, the great Antichrist, that is, the great enemies of Christ, you know whom, 
* The Long Parliament.  to slay the two witnesses of Jesus Christ, which were Cohors Magistratuum, & Chorus Prophetarum, 1. the best and blessed King Charles the First, that like a goodly Oak, or the Cedar of Lebanon, was cut down with all his boughs and branches of Magistracy; and 2. all the Seers, that were the eyes, the light, 
Those were the 2 witnesses  and the reverend Governors of God's Church: and instead of them to bring in the wild bore out of the wood, the great Usurper, to destroy the vineyard of Christ; and Gebal and Ammon, and Amalec, 
Ps. 83.7.  the Philistims, with them that dwell at Tyre, the whole rabble of Presbyterians, Independants, Anabaptists, Quakers, and other sects, which are the false Prophet, to devour the revenues of the Church, and to destroy all the houses of God in the land: and so to corrupt the whole Service of that good God that had so graciously done such great things for us, as I have fully shown it heretofore, and will hereafter be manifested for truth, every day more and more.  
And if these things be a good requital, or a just thankfulness to God for all the benefits that he hath done unto us, judge you.  
But to leave these monsters of men for their imparalelled ingratitude, 
What God hath done for every one of us in particular. 1 What good things he hath bestowed on us.  let us return to ourselves here present, and see what God hath done for every one of us; for he made thee a man or a woman, when he might have made thee a beast; and he gave thee all thy limbs, thy sight, and thy senses, when thou mightest have beenborn, like him that was so, blind from his mother's womb. I am sure thou wouldst be very thankful to that Chirurgeon that would but preserve thy finger; and what thanks owest thou to him, that gave thee all thy members, and whatsoever else thou hast? good wit, large memory, strong body, comely proportion, loving wise, sweet children, riches, honour, favour, preferment, and all that thou hast; all is from God. And that which is far better than all these; for herein, Dedit te tibi Deus, He did but only give thee unto thyself, and those temporal blessings that are momentary: but he redeemed thee from the pit wherein there is no water, and in this thy redemption, Dedit se tibi Deus, God gave himself unto thee, and his only Son to die for thee, he sends his servants to teach thee, and his Holy Spirit to work all the good gifts that are in thee to make thee a good Christian here, that thou mayest be for ever blessed hereafter. And  
2. 
2 2 From how many evils he hath preserved us.  If thou hadst these eyes, to look behind thee, thou mightest see, not only how much good the Lord God hath bestowed upon thee, but also from how many evils he hath preserved thee: for Satan, like a roaring Lion would have devoured thee, thine enemies that risen up against thee would have undone thee, if the Lord himself had not been on thy side; 
Ps. 124.1, 2.  and, as the Psalmist saith, they would have swallowed thee up quick, when they were so wrathfully displeased at thee; yea thine own self many times, by thy desperate riding, running, jumping, or the like, mightest perhaps have broken thy bones, thy limbs, or thy neck, if thy good God had not reached his hand to save thee from falling, as he did to Saint Peter to preserve him from sinking.  
And are not these things blessings worthy to be remembered?  
O that we would therefore praise the Lord for his goodness, and declare the wonders that he doth for the children of men? And that we would sometimes cast our eyes behind us, to see what requital we have rendered unto God for all those benefits that he hath done for us; and especially for bringing our Gracious King unto us, and restoring both the Church to her purity, to her rights, and service of God, and the Commonwealth to its peace and tranquillity.  
For as the Prophet David saith, I called mine own ways to remembrance: So should every one do, call his ways to remembrance; that, if he finds, he hath been careful in God's service and a faithful Steward in God's house, it may be a comfort unto his Conscience, Quia immensa est laetitia de memoria transactae virtutis, because the remembrance of former virtues, and of our Service and thankfulness unto God, will bring a great deal of joy and comfort unto ourselves; or if he hath blasphemed God's Name, neglected his Word, rob his Church, and offended his Majesty, he may repent, and as Job saith, abhor himself in dust and ashes.  
But that I may the better and the sooner persuade you to fear God, and to serve him, 
Two things to be considered to move us to serve God.  and to do that which is just and honest in his sight, I shall with Moses desire you to remember the days of old, and consider the years of many generations, and therein to observe but these two things.  

First, How God blessed those that walked in his ways.  
Secondly, How he plagued those that neglected his service, and transgressed his commands.   
1. 
1 1. How God blessed those that served him.  Enoch walked with God, and God took him to himself: Noah was a just man, and God preserved him from the deluge: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph feared the Lord, and the Lord blessed them in all that they took in hand: and the Prophet David generally saith, 
Psal. 112.1, 2, 3.  blessed is the man that feareth the Lord, that hath great delight in his commandments, his seed shall be mighty upon earth, riches and pienteousness shall be in his house, 
Proverb 10.7. etc. 20.7.  and his righteousness endureth for ever: and Solomon saith the like, that the memorial of the just is blessed, and his children are blessed after him. And therefore if thou lovest thy children, and wouldst have them to grow great and to prosper in the world, be just in all that thou dost, and neither rob God of his right, nor oppress, cousin, or defraud thy poor neighbour; which not done are the chiefest, if not the only things, that will bring the curse of God upon thee and thy Posterity. For,  
2. 
2 2. How God plagued those that transgressed his commandments and neglected his service.  Do but cast thine eyes behind thee, and consider how God plagued the unrighteous Generations; and you shall find, that when the old world corrupted their ways, the Lord swept them all away with the deluge; when the cry of Sodom and Gomorrha came to the ears of God, God destroyed them with fire and brimstone: so when the cry of the innocent servants of Christ shall not be heard to have justice done unto them, because of the great friends and power of their oppressors, then as the Psalmist saith, The Lord will hear their cry and will help them.  
And here to terrify offenders from their wickedness, I could willingly enlarge my discourse, to show the fearful examples of God's judgement against many sorts of Malefactors; but my short allowance of time will scarce permit me to give you the sight of some few judgements against and upon these four predominant sins, that are so rife amongst us, and so pernicious unto us, 

1. Rebellion, 
The four usual sins of these days.   
2. Perjury,  
3. Injustice,  
4. Sacrilege.    
1. For Rebellion, this our last Age, 
1 1. Rebellion.  and the many Plots and Practices of wicked and fanatic Rebels now peeping forth amongst us, do sufficiently show how apt we are to fall into it, though it be as bad as the sin of witchcraft, which is the giving of our souls by a Contract unto the Devil: but the dreadful vengeance of God for the Rebellion of Corah, Dathan and Abiram against their Governors, when the earth opened her mouth and swallowed them down quick to Hell, and the heavy judgement of God upon Absalon for rebelling against King David, which followed him hard at the heels, until he came to the bough where he was hanged, and the shameful yet most justly deserved death of our late Rebels, and of many more the like Villains, that I could quote to you out of Histories, should deter them from this unnatural sin of Rebellion, and keep them within the bounds of their obedience to their Governors, which is more acceptable in the sight of God than any sacrifice that we can offer him: or if this can not do it, then may they look for the like end, as those that committed the like sins.  
2. For Perjury, it is so pernicious a sin, and yet so general, 
2 2. Perjury.  that I know not how to express the heinousness thereof. But I find this perjury to be like the three headed Cerberus.  
1. Of those Inferiors, that either for bribes and reward, 
1 1. Of Inferiors.  or for fear of their Landlords or other great men, will most falsely swear before Judge or Jury to the taking away of the goods, lands, or life of many innocent men, 
2 2. Of Superiors.  which is a sin worthy to be punished by the Judges, as being the utter ruin of many men, fatherless and widows.  
2. Of Superiors which break their saith and oaths that they make unto their Inferiors. And such a forsworn wretch was Lysander the Admiral of the Lacedæmonians, 
Lysander.  Tissaphernes that broke his oath which he made with the Grecians, 
Tissaphernes. Cleomenes.  and Cleomenes King of Lacedaemon that did the like with the Argians, but he was sufficiently plagued by the just judgement of God for his perfidiousness and perjury, when the women of Argos overthrew the greatest part of his Army, and he with a knife killed himself. And many more Tyrants and Commanders I could name of this kind, that neither feared God, nor regarded their faith with men; and therefore were plagued by the just judgements of God.  
3. 
3 3. Of the middle sort.  The other sort of perjurers are of a middle size, and great men, that either through discontent or hope to be made greater, 
Eccles. 8.2.  do break their faith, and falsify the oath of God, as Solomon calls it; and so prove Rebels and Traitors unto their Kings and Governors.  
But how doth the just God reward these perfidious and perjured Villains? 
1 1. How Neclas served Duringus for his treachery to the Son of Vratislas.  And how do most wise men deem and deal with them? but as Neclas did with Duringus, who to secure Neclas, as he said, in his Throne, falsified his faith to his Prince, and killed the Son of Vratislas, that was the next Heir unto the Crown; hoping that for his good service he should be much favoured and well rewarded of Neclas: but the wise Prince abhorring such perfidiousness, said unto him, that perjury and treachery could not be mitigated and wiped away by any good turns or after-service; and therefore whereas he expected a reward for his good service done unto him, he should have it according to his merit. For of three things he should choose which he would. 1. To kill himself with a poniard; 
Aenaeas Sylv Hist. Bobem. c. 11.  or, 2. Hang himself with an halter; or, 3. Cast himself down from the Rock of Visgrade: and he hanged himself upon an Elder tree, which while it stood, was called Duringus tree, 
2 2. How Selim used Ladislas, Kerezin. Camerar. Hist. Meditat. l. 1. pag. 20. c. 7. Johan. Menarius Histor turc, l. 4. c. 22.  as Aenaeas Silvius writeth.  
And though Ladislas Kerezin did a very good turn to Selim, in yielding up to him the strong place of Hiula; yet for his perjury and perfidiousness he caused him to be brought to a most miserable death, which you may see in Camerar. And the same Selim did the like to a Jewish Physician, whom after the good service he had done unto him, he caused to be beheaded for his treachery against his Father, saying, that upon the least discontent or hope of reward, he would not stick to do to him as he did to his Father; and therefore he had no reason to let him live, because commonly Traitors are double Traitors, and as unfaithsul to him whom they serve, as to him whom they have betrayed And so Soliman his Son promised his Daughter with a very great dowry to a certain Traitor for yielding unto him the Isle of Rhodes; and when he got the Island, 
3 3. How Soliman used the Traitor that yielded to him the I'll of Rhodes.  he brought his Daughter in a magnifical pomp unto him, and said, thou seest I am a man of my word; but forasmuch as you are a Christian, and thy Wife a Mahometan, and I am loath to have a Son in Law, that is not a Musulman; therefore it is not satisfactory to me, that in hope of favour and gain thou turn thy coat for fashion sake: 
Camerar. l. 1. c. 7. p. 21.  but thou must also put off thy skin which is baptised and uncircumcised, and so he caused him to be flayed alive. And the same Solyman used the betrayers of Nadast that defended the Castle of Buda in like manner.  
And the King of Henetia having promised Marriage to Romilde the Wife of Prince Sigulphus, 
4 4. How the King of Henetia served Romilda the Wise of Sigulphus. Aventinus l. 3. Annal. Bavar.  which had fallen in love with him, as Potiphars Wife did with Joseph, so soon as she delivered unto him the City of Friol, did after her marriage and one night's lodging with her, cause her to be set, and married to a sharp stake, as a worthy punishment of her treachery.  
And the Emperor Aurelian did not much better use the Traitor Heraclemon, nor Brennus Demonica, 
5 5. How Aurelian served Heraclemon.  that betrayed into his hands the City of Ephesus, as Titus Liv. saith the Daughter of Sp. Tarpeius betrayed the City of Rome unto the Sabines, and for her reward lost her life on the Tarpeian Hill.  
But though I could produce to you very many more examples of this kind, 
6 6. How Mahomet served John Justinian.  yet I will close up this point with what Mahomet did to John Justinian of Genua, who promised to deliver Constantinople into the Emperor's hands, so he would make him King of such a place that he desired. And Mahomet yielded and assured him that he would do it, 
Pet. Primauday c. 39 pag. 423.  and so he did; for as, soon as ever the said Justinian had betrayed the City into his hands, he presently made him King for that good service which he had done unto him; but for a reward of his treachery to his Lord and Master Augustulus, he cut off his head within three days after.  
And so all the wise men that I have read of, do conceive that no good service done to succeeding Kings, can merit the blotting out of the perjury and perfidiousness of Traitors to their former Kings and Masters; but that after they be rewarded for their good turns done to the latter, they should likewise receive the merit of their perfidiousness to the former.  
And the reason is rendered by the foresaid Sages. 
Theodorus in Collect. l. 2. The reasons why perfidiousness should not be pardoned.   
1. Because that as Theodoric the Arian said, when he cut off the head of an Orthodox Deacon whom he loved, because he revolted, (to please Theodoric, as he thought) to Arianism, they that keep not their oaths and faith to God, can never be faithful to any mortal man.  
2. 
Flau. Vopisc. in vita Aurelian.  Because that as Aurelian said, when he suffered Heraelemon, which had done him so good service, to be slain, he could not believe that he which would betray his Country, and prove faithless to his own Prince, could ever continue faithful unto him; but that upon the like discontent or hope of a greater gain, such Traitors as will turn the leaf, and sail with every wind, will become as treacherous to their latter benefactors, as they have been unto their former Masters. And therefore though we should forgive them as Christians; yet it is neither Wisdom nor policy to believe them as friends, because not only the Fable of the Snake, but the Son of Syrach also teacheth us, what little credit is to be given to reconciled friends, Eccles. 10.12. And the wise heathen bids us, semper diffidere, to suspect such faithless men continually.  
Object. But what if the Kings and Princes have promised Pardons unto the Traitors for some special service done unto them: Can they afterward punish them for their precedent offences unto others?  
Sol. I answer, that as Cicero saith, every man is bound (and much more it is for the honour of a Prince) to keep his word and promises inviolable; though upon some exigent necessity, he may be constrained to make the same to his prejudice, and against his will: and it was well said, that the bare word of a Prince should be of as great force as the oath of a private man.  
But though Kings and Princes should inviolably observe their words in their Pardons granted unto Rebels and Traitors and other Malefactors; 
Not to countenance and favour those that have been traitors: and why.  yet as Philip King of Macedon answered Lasthenes, that betrayed the City of Olynthum, and Augustus Caesar said to Rymetalces King of Thracia, that had forsaken Antonius, to join with him, that he loved the treason that did him good, but he could not endure the Traitor that betrayed his Master. And Alexander Severus was of the same mind, but that he joined cruelty with his hatred unto the Traitors; for when he had enticed many Captains of Piscennius Niger, his Competitor of the Empire, to disclose their Master's secrets, and had served his turn of them, and settled his affairs, he made all those Traitors, 
Herod. l. 3.  and their children also to be put to death, as Herodian writeth. So the wisest men conceived that they ought not to countenance and favour those that had been Traitors unto other Princes; though they had done good service unto them: and that for these three reasons.  
1. For that he which hath turned one leaf can turn another; and he that hath betrayed my Father, may upon the like hopes and surmises betray me likewise; and he that hath been a Rebel, knows the way to become a Rebel.  
2. For that this honouring and magnifying of Rebels and Traitors to former Princes, for their good service done to latter Masters, may prove to be an encouragement for others to become Rebels and Traitors in like manner against their Kings. For when amongst many thousands of Rebels, they see but few punished, the rest pardoned, and many of them favoured and preferred, why may not the seditious think, that they shall either prevail; or if miss of their enterprise, they may escape the fortune of those few that shall be punished, and be magnified like those that they do see thus rewarded?  
3. For that this favouring and countenancing of those that have been Rebels and false, is a great offence and discouragement to those that have ever continued saithful and loyal, especially if they see themselves postponed and neglected.  
And therefore the Kings and Princes that I told you of, thought it neither wisdom nor policy to regard and favour those, whom they pardoned for their treachery to their former Princes, though they had done never so good service unto themselves; and if all Kings did so, I believe fewer Traitors would spring up among the people.  
And this appeareth plainly by our new Plotters of Rebellions and Treasons now amongst us in this Kingdom of Ireland; for who and what are they that do thus murmur and mutter against both God and his Anointed, the King and his Lieutenant, the Church and Commonwealth? But those that have been members of the Beast, and limbs of the great Antichrist, the Rebels and Traitors that risen and warred, and some no doubt, but had their hands or fingers dipped deep in the blood of that blessed Saint and glorious Martyr, our late most gracious King Charles the First: and having escaped their just deserved shame and death, and being so highly rewarded by their Grand Masters for their great wickedness, with the lands of the Irish, without distinction, whether they were bloody Murderers and Rebels against their King, or innocent Papists, that were both loyal unto their King, and succourers of the Protestants, and now seeing the touchstone of truth and justice, rendering to every one his own, according to his merit, either of nocency or innocency, they stamp and stare, and being moved with madness, like boys at blind manbuff, they let fly their Arrows, even bitter words; nay, false scandalous, rebellious, and treacherous words against the King, against his Lieutenant, and against the peace and happiness of this whole Kingdom: they care not whom they traduce, so they may stir up the coals of contention, and move the discontented to a new Rebellion.  
And what ways do they take for this, but the very same which they had learned and practised before in England under the Long-Parliament.  
1. To tax and to traduce the good King for doing that they know not, nor ever shall be able to prove that he did; but the Scots say that he did: and so they do say a thousand things more than I believe to be true: and they should believe nothing, especially what they know not, against their King, when as all other men, that are both wise and honest, can sufficiently answer and justify all that ever his now Majesty did. And I, that am not worthy to be of his counsel, and to know the reasons of his actions; yet could show you very just and sufficient reasons for every thing that ever I heard his Majesty did: and I would do it, but that Himself and his Council, I know, can justify all his actions, with many far deeper reasons than I can have into.  
Therefore these very firebrands of sedition, knowing this, would a little excuse his Majesty, by laying the faults upon his Counsellors, that seduced him. And who are they? They speak in general, & in universalibus latet error; so did the long Parliament against our late King: there they learned their lesson, and they walk in the same paths. But the former Parliaments could name their names, the Duke of Buckingham: so can these men name the Duke of Ormond. And what hath he done? I observe two things that they charge him with.  
1. To testify what he knew to be truth, and these men conceived to be otherwise; A mighty fault! because they had not their eyes open to see the truth, his Grace offended to testify the truth.  
2. In obeying his Majesty's gracious goodness, by relieving those that were necessitous, and perhaps, for aught that they know, had done his Majesty very good service, and, for aught that we know, had done no injury to any of our men; and this is a sin unpardonable with these uncharitable men. I, but they will say, by relieving these he lets the Army starve: and I demand, what Subject ever did pawn his own lands, melt his own plate, lay out his own moneys to relieve the King's Armies, and to show himself, I will not say more faithful, but I say, near so faithful to his King, and so bountiful a benefactor and friend to all the King's loyal Subjects, as the Duke of Ormend hath always been? I must, and ever will, with all thankfulness acknowledge it; when the long Parliament and their whelps had rob me of all that I had, all the relief and subsistence, which I had from all the friends in the world, was that bountiful gift, which this noble Duke sent me by Sir George Lane: And I could name the many many more, to whom his Grace did the like; And are these things, faults worthy to be reproved? And I am sure he hated the Rebellion, and disowned the Rebels of this Nation as much or more than any man: and would you have him to be an enemy to the postnatis, and a stranger to the innocent? God hath made him a more honourable, and a more gracious man.  
I, but we are not yet come to the quick, the English interest, by the favour of the Duke unto the Irish and the Judges of the Court of Claim, is much shaken, and is like to be dismembered and left inanimate.  
But would you have the English interest to continue, be it right or wrong? or would you have it so to continue, that God might bless it, and it to prosper? If so, then let it be rooted in justice and established in truth; or otherwise, the breath of the Lord will scatter it, and the wrath of God will soon destroy it; and instead of blessing, will, as Jacob said, bring the curse of God upon you and your Posterity. And you might see if you had your eyes open, the great care of my L Duke, and the great pains and diligence of the Court of Claim, to search out the truth of every cause, that the innocent should not be made guilty, nor the nocent carry away the victory. And what more would you have done?  
Yet, as I said before, they that have learned the way to be Rebels, do know the way to be rebellious still.  
But if they will needs charge our good King and the Duke's Grace for any fault, let them do it for their being too merciful and mild, in suffering them and others that are like them, to live, that had so justly deserved to die; and especially if they would suffer them to enjoy the Lands of the Church, and the Possessions of them that are innocent.  
3. The next reigning sin, that spreads itself amongst men, 
3 3 Injustice.  is injuftice: and I wish we would cast our eyes behind us, to see how God hateth, and hath plagued this monstrous vice, which bringeth forth so many pernicious effects, and destroyeth all the duties of honesty. The wise Solomon saith, That oppression maketh a wise man mad; 
Prov. 7.7.  and oppression is but one branch of injustice: and therefore injustice is far worse than any oppression. For if justice be such a general virtue, as Aristotle saith, that he which hath it, hath all other virtues; then certainly, he that is unjust must be filled with an huge heap of vices, when as this is such a cardinal sin, as never walks alone. And therefore as Justice exalteth a Nation; so Injustice translateth a Kingdom from one Nation to another people, as it did the Monarchy of the Assyrians unto the Medes, and that of the Medes and Persians unto the Grecians. And it pulleth down the wrath and vengeance of God, not only upon the person that is unjust, and doth injustice; but also upon the heads, many times, of all his posterity: as, for the Injustice done to Naboth, God destroyed Ahab, 
Ahab.  and rooted out his whole offspring. And I could spend my whole hour in examples of this kind, but I will content myself with two or three. As,  
1. Of Ferdinando the fourth King of Castille, 
Ferdinando.  who did most unjustly condemn two Knights to death; and one of them cried, O thou unjust Judge, we do cite thee to appear within thirty days before the Tribunal of Jesus Christ, to receive judgement for thine injustice; and so upon the last of those days he died, to receive his sentence according to his summons. And one Lapparel, a Provost of Paris, 
Lapparel.  caused a poor man, that was prisoner in the Chastilet, to be executed by giving him the name of a rich man, who being guilty and condemned, was set at liberty in the place of the poor man: but the just judgement of God discovered his injustice, and being accused and condemned, he was hanged for his labour; and so Philip King of Macedon was killed by Pausanias a mean Gentleman, 
Philip Micedo. Demetrius.  because he denied to do him justice against Antipater that had wronged him; and Demetrius for throwing the petitions of his subjects into the River, and denying to do them justice they all forsook him, and Pyrrhus took away his Kingdom. And many other men I could name to you, that their injustice hath undone them.  
And therefore all men should take heed of committing this horrible sin of injustice, either by doing wrong, or denying right unto others.  
And yet I am ashamed to speak it, 
The injustice of some Judges.  though I shall not be afraid to Write it, how gravely some Judges have sat upon the feat of judgement to pronounce unrighteous judgements, and think to cover all their iniquity with the fig-leaves of the formalities of their Laws to overthrow the reality of justice.  
Oh beloved, Monstrum horrendum ingens est, it is a most horrible thing to have injustice done from the seat, and from the Ministers of justice; when a man is apparently wronged, oppressed, and expulsed out of house and home, and shall with a deal of travel and a great deal of expenses come to a Court of justice to be righted, and instead of being redressed, he shall see there seelus sceleribus tectum, his former wrongs finely handled and loaded with far greater wrongs. Do you think that this is well pleasing unto God, or that such injustice shall escape unpunished? no, no; for they shall find that there is a God which judgeth the earth, and that his judgement will be according to truth, without partiality, either to Jew or Gentile, which here among men I see is not so.  
But as I read that Diogenes seeing some petty thiefs led to the place of execution laughed exceedingly, and being demanded why he laughed? he answered to see the great thiefs lead the little thiefs to the Gallows: so if he should see men forcibly expelled out of their possessions, and the forcible entrers legally acquitted; or if he should see the poor Irish Catholics driven out of house and home, either because they were Irish rebels which justly deserved it, or because they were Romish Catholics, which should not therefore be destroyed; and should see the great English Sectaries (that had been greater rebels) countenanced and magnified, and to enjoy the others Lands and Live: would he not laugh at this justice? which is just like that which we read of in l. 1. of Philip Commines when Charelois lost the Field, and his Captains, and their Troopers fled away, he gave the offices and places of them that fled ten leagues to those that had fled twenty leagues beyond them.  
Therefore I say to you, whom God and the King have made Judges of these things for the settlement of this Kingdom; As you have done hitherto, so still ride on with your honour and have no respect of Persons, nor of Nation, nor of Religien: but do that which is just and righteous in the sight of God, and as God hath blest you and preserved you hitherto, so he will still bless you and preserve you for ever more.  
And for the preservation of better justice than I see in many places, I shall speak more of it in another place, and after another manner; for you may be sure, that Kingdom shall never be happy, where oppression is frequently used, and iniquity protected by injustice, and especially by the Courts of Justice. And therefore to the end that true justice might be truly observed, I could wish the Parliament would make some Acts & Laws against many abuses practised by some cunning Lawyers in the very Courts of Justice; 
The abuse of some cunning Lawyers in quashing of Indictments.  and especially against the frequent and abusive quashing of Indictments, which is a sin of no slender malignity. For when a poor man far from the fountain is by vielence oppressed, and he indicts his oppressors, then presently comes a Certiorari and removes it to the King's Bench, and there the Lawyers are so skilful in the tricks and quiddities of the Law and the Cases of John A-Nokes and John Astiles, that they say there can hardly be any indictment framed, but they are able to find a flaw to quash it, which I was told by great Lawyers. And what a wrong is this to his Majesty in his fines? what an injury to the poor men that are oppressed, and what encouragement to all those wicked men that are so ready to offer all violence unto their neighbours which are not able to indict the same offenders three or four times over, till they shall find a man able to draw a faultless indictment.  
And if this be not a grievous grievance worthy to be redressed, if you desire the preservation of justice, judge you. And therefore it were good that some better way were devised for the framing of Indictments or the not quashing of them so easily and so frequently as they are reported to be.  
4. 
4 4. Sacrilege.  The last frequent sin that I shall at this time desire you to cast your eyes behind you, to behold God's detestation of it, and his punishments that he poureth out upon the offenders, is sacrilege, which is the taking away and withholding of those Revenues which God hath appointed, and godly men have dedicated for the maintenance of God's service, and the religion of Jesus Christ, and so the robbing of God himself, both of his honour and service: a sin so general, that the custom of it hath quite taken away the sense of it, and men think it to be no sin at all.  
But I know what some may here say, that now I plead mine own cause.  
I will briefly answer as Samuel did unto the people, 
1 Sam. 12.3.  and I say, that I sued indeed for the Church right: but I testify before the Lord, and your Grace, and you All, that I did it not to enrich myself; for I thank God I have enough both for myself and my relation, wife, children and friends: but I did it for the right of the Church, and I resolved and vowed that whatsoever I recovered, I would by the grace of God wholly bestow it upon the reparation of the Church; so that recovering it I should be not one penny the richer, and losing it, not one penny the poorer. And I desired nothing but what I conceived to be the right of the Church, because I know God loves not to be honoured with unjustly gotten goods.  
But now finding that as the Prophet saith, I have laboured in vain, and I have spent my strength for nought; and seeing the partiality and injustice of men, I will with patience submit myself to that strength which is beyond my ability to oppose, and study to serve my God another way: because I see that as Davin saith, the sons of Zervia are too strong for me, because we that were faithful to our King were fleeced and bareshorne, and left poor and beggarly, and they that served the Beast and adheared to the long Parliament, and were arrant rebels against our late good King, have got all our Lands and our moneys to make friends withal, and to keep us still under hatches: and so though nos fuimus Troes, yet now they are the men, and without envy, let then enjoy their prosperity, so they forsake their iniquity, and repent them of their former impiety.  
And so desiring you to bear with this my just defence, I shall proceed in this discourse, for none other end but to discharge mine own duty, and for the good of your souls, to avoid the just wrath of God for a sin so highly displeasing unto God; and to that purpose I shall desire you to read the 2 Mac. c. 3. where you shall find how that when Simon the mutinous traitor both to God and his Country, had informed Seleucus King of Asia, of the riches and the treasure of the Church of Jerusalem, and incited him to seize upon it, and he had sent Heliodorus his treasurer to fetch it, and Heliodorus came like a Fox, pretending it was to visit and to reform the disorders of Phoenicia and Caelosyria, but Onias the high Priest perceiving that the goods of the Church was his errand, his countenance was quite cast down, and the people not enduring sacrilege, ran some to the Temple, some to the City Gates, and some gadded up and down the streets as frantic men, like Bacchus' froes, and all lifted up their hands and eyes and voices unto God for the defence of his Church, and God heard their cry and did help them. For,  
Heliodorus was no sooner entered into the treasury, to take away the spoil, but there appeared to him a terrible man in complete armour of gold, mounted upon a barbed horse that ran very fiercely at the King's Treasurer, and trampled him underfoot; and withal, there appeared two other men of most excellent beauty and strength, whipping him so, that he was carried out of the place speechless, and without any hope of life, until God restored him upon the earnest prayer of the Priest and people.  
And to let you see how dangerous a sin is sacrilege to rob the Church, 
Act. 5.5.  the end of Ananias and Sapphira can bear witness; for though their death was the punishment of their lying: yet all must grant they were drawn to that sin by the cord of sacrilege. And if a greedy desire of withholding that from the Church which themselves had given, was sufficient to open such a window unto the Devil that he came presently to cast them as a prey to the Jaws of Hell; how many foul fins do they commit, and how many grievous plagues may they fear to fall upon their heads, which take away from the Church, that which they never gave?  
And you may remember, that when Egypt in the time of Joseph felt so extreme a famine, 
Gen. 47.22. & v. 26.  that the fift part of the Land was sold to relieve the Land; yet the Patriarch in all the care that he had both of the Country and of the King, to secure the one and to enrich the other, never attempted the sale of the Lands of the Priests, nor once to diminish any jot thereof. And if the holy man in so great an extremity, never ventured to take away the possessions of the Idolatrous Priests, though it were to the relief of a whole Kingdom, I wonder with what face dares any man in the world curtal the maintenance of God's Church, and take away those Lands and houses that by religious Princes and other pious men have been consecrated to God's service. But, Foelix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum. You might be happy, if you would cast your eyes behind you, and by the examples of God's judgements upon other sacrilegious persons learn to escape the punishments of sacrilege, because they are all written for our instruction. And we read Celce, the Constable of Gertrund King of Burgundy, having, under the authority of the King his Master, enriched himself, and enlarged his Territories with the Goods and Lands of the Church, and being one day in the Church at his Devotion, and hearing thee words of the Prophet, that proclaimed a woe to them that join house to house, and land to land, he suddenly shricked in the Congregation, and cried out, This is spoken to me, and this curse is upon me and upon my Posterity; and so afterwards died most miserably. And we read in the Annals of France, that although Lewis the sixth, surnamed the Great, was once the Protector of the Church, and had caused the Count de Claremont, the Lord de Roussi and other great men, that had pillaged the Bishoprics, to restore their robberies unto the Church again; yet in his old age when he began to pull the Church, he was sufficiently punished for it, by the sudden death of his Eldest Son, which was indeed the very staff of his age, though he was urged unto it with extreme necessity: They that would see more examples of this kind, let them look into my Declaration against Sacrilege, and Doctor Saravia's vindicie sacrae, translated into English by James Martin.  
And if for all this, men will needs have the portion of God's Church, let them eat it with that sauce, which God hath prescribed in Psal. 83. and which like the leprosy of Gehezi, will stick to them and their Posterity for evermore.  
3. As you heard that these Beasts were full of eyes within and behind; so they were full of eyes before: 
3 3. Why these beasts were full of eyes before.  and so should we be. And that is to behold and see.  

1. Praesentia, the things that are present.  
2. Futura, the things that are to come and must come.   
1. For the present things I shall only leave to your consideration, 
1 1. To behold the things that are present. As, 1. The vanity of all things.  

1. The vanities of this life. And,  
2. The uncertainty of our state.    
And touching the first, Saint Augustine saith most truly, Si quid arrisisset prosperum, taedebat apprehendere; quia priusquam pene teneretur, avolabat, if any prosperous thing in this world did seem to smile and offer itself unto me, I was loath to take it, because that before I could scarce enjoy it, it was presently snatched from me. For,  
1. Friends are like the waters of T●ma sliding away, and turning as the wheel of your fortune turneth.  
2. Riches, saith the wise man, betake themselves to their wings as an Eagle, and the sea can drown it, fire consume it, servants waste it, and thiefs bereave us of it.  
3. 
Prov. 23.5.  Honour is but Virtue's shadow, a wind that maketh fools to swell, but cannot satisfy any wise man.  
4. Beauty is such a thing, as the Daughters of Vanity can tell you that the Sun will tanne it, a scar will blemish it, sickness waste it, and age consume it away, as we read fair Helen wept when she saw the wrinkles of her old face, which all your black patches cannot make young.  
5. And for our Health, which is the greatest happiness in this life, we see man's body is subject to a thousand diseases, fraught with frailties within, wrapped in miseries without, uncertain of life, and sure of death.  
And so all the things of this world are but like the Apples of Sodom, pleasant to the eyes, and provoking to the appetite; but vanishing into smoke when they are touched with the teeth.  
And therefore our whole life is but painted over, as some Ladies do their faces, with vain semblances of Beauty and Pleasure; and it is attended on the one side with whole troops of sorrows, sicknesses, wants and discontents; and on the other side with uncertainty of continuance and certainty of dissolution. And,  
2. 
2 2. The uncertainty of our state. Rom. 9.21.  For our state, all is in the hand of God, as the clay is in the hand of the Potter, who can of the same lump make one vessel to honour, and another to dishonour; and the Heathens conceived all was at the disposing of fortune, which they according to their ignorance, took for God, and said, — Te facimus fortuna Deam. When they saw that, as the Poet saith, una eademque manus vulnus opemque tulit: The same hand that hath cast us down can raise us up: and the same God that raised us to honour, can bring us down to the dust; and can either prolong our days, or cut them off at his pleasure.  
And who then would not serve such a Master, and be afraid to offend such a Lord, as hath our life, our wealth, and our woe in his own hands and at his own disposing? O consider this all you that forget God, and think of it, lest he take you away, and tear you all to pieces: or if this cannot move you to fear God. Then,  
2. Cast your eyes before you, 
2 2. To look unto the things that are to come.  to look unto the things that are to come, and must fall upon the world: and they are many, but especially and inevitably these four, 

1. Death.  
2. Judgement.  
3. Heaven.  
4. Hell.    
And these are quatuor novissima & terribilissima, the four last things, and the most terrible things that can be to all wicked men to think of them; and they may serve as four excellent Preachers, to dissuade and terrify all men from evil, and to call them continually to the service of God. For the Son of Sy●ach saith, Whatsoever thou takest in hand, 
Eccles. 7.36.  remember the end, and thou shalt never do amiss. And,  
1. Death makes an end of our life, 
1 1. Of death.  and before it shuts the eyes of our bodies, it commonly openeth the eyes of our consciences. And then every man shall see his own state, though he seldom or never thought of the same before. For,  
1. 
1 1. The state of the wicked. Revel. 12.12.  The wicked man shall see all his sins set before his face, and Satan will now bestir himself to gain his soul; for he knoweth that his turn is short, and therefore he will tell him, that if he would have entered into life, 
Rom. 2.13.  he should have kept the commandments, that not the hearers, but the doers of the Law shall be justified, that if the just shall scarce be saved, where shall he, being such a wicked wretch as he is, appear? when as the Apostie tells him plainly, that neither adulterer, nor fornicator, nor covetous person, nor the like, Traitor, Rebel, Perjurer, 
1 Cor. 6.9, 10.  or such other, shall inherit the kingdom of God: and so what the Preachers of God now cannot beat into the thoughts of these careless men, this damned spirit will then irremovably settle in their deepest considerations.  
O then what agonies and perplexities will tear the woeful hearts of these wicked men? In that day (saith the Lord) I will cause the Sun to go down at noon, 
Amos 8.9, 10.  and I will darken the earth in the clear day, I will turn their feasts into mournings, and their songs into lamentations, that is, I will make all those things that were wont most sweetly to delight them, now most of all to torment them; for now that pleasure which they had of sin, shall turn to be as bitter as gall, when they do see, that as the Father saith, transit jucunditas non reditura, & manet anxietas non peritura, and now they must die, and live they can no longer; and Satan, whose will they did, and whose ways they followed all their life, will not forsake them at their death, but will say, Me you have served, and from me you must expect your wages.  
For so we read, that the Devil assailed some of the best Saints, as Saint Martin, Saint Bernard, Ignatius, Eusebius, and others; and if these things be done in a green tree, what shall be done in a withered, saith our Saviour? If he be so busy about the Saints, what will he do to sinners? And this is the state of a wicked man at his dying day. But,  
In the death of the godly it is not so; 
2 2. The state of the godly.  for having served God all his life, 
Prov. 14.32. 2 Tim. 1.12.  he hath hope in his death: and he knoweth not whom he needs to fear, because he knoweth whom he hath believed: and when his body is weakest his faith is strongest: and therefore with Saint Paul, he desires to be dissolved, and he longs for death, that he may be with him which was dead, and is alive, and liveth for evermore: and he is well contented, that his body shall go to the grave, that his soul may go to glory: and that his flesh shall sleep in the dust, that his spirit may rejoice in heaven. And this is the state of the godly man at the day of his death.  
And therefore, if men would feriously consider this before they come to this, then certainly the fear of the most fearful death of the wicked, and the love of the most comfortable death of the godly, would make them to have some care of Godly lives, and to repent them of their wickedness. And therefore well did Moses, and we with Moses, wish, that men would consider their latter end. And yet this is not the end of all; for after death comes judgement. And so,  
Secondly, This judgement is either 

1 Particular, 
2 2 Judgement and that two fold.  or  
2 General    
1. As soon as ever the soul is parted from the body, 
1 1. Particular.  before the body is laid in the grave, the soul of the wicked is fetched by the Devils, and carried into the place of torments, and the soul of the godly is received by the Angels into Abraham's bosom, 
Luke 16.22, 23.  as our Saviour showeth most plainly in the story of Dives and Lazarus. And  
2 Because the whole world, 
2 2. General.  both of men and Angels might see and approve the just judgement of God; and that the whole man, both body and soul might receive the full reward of their due deserts, the Lord hath appointed a day, saith the Apostle, in the which he will judge the world in righteousness, 
Act. 17.31.  that is, by Jesus Christ.  
And this is that day, which Christ and his Apostles, and all the faithful preachers of God's word, would have all men always to remember, and to set it before their eyes. For so Saint Hierom saith, Whatsoever I do, whether I eat or drink or whatsoever else I am about, me thinks I hear that doleful voice of the Archangel sounding in mine cares, and saying, surgite mortui & venite ad judicium, arise you dead, and come to judgement, saith the Holy Father, Itremble all my body over; and so Felix, though he was but a Heathen, trembled, 
Act. 24.25.  as Saint Paul reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and judgement to come. And so indeed, it should make any heart to tremble, that would seriously consider but these two things.  

1 The manner of Christ his coming For, 
Two things to be considered concerning this judgement.   
2 The terror of his proceeding For,   
First in that day, there shall be signs in the Sun, and in the Moon, and in the Stars, The Sun shall be darkened, the Moon shall not give her light, the Stars shall fall from the skies, and all the powers of heaven shall be moved, the Elements shall be dissolved with heat, and the earth shall be consumed with fire.  
Whereby you may see, what a dreadful thing is sin; for what have these senseless creatures deserved, that they should be thus severely punished, and thus travel in sorrow and pain, but because they risen not up against us, when we risen up against God? He will therefore fight against them, because they did not fight against us, when we do fight against him. And what a fearful contagion of sin is this, that subjecteth the very heavens unto vanity? And therefore most wretched are we, in whom dwelleth nothing else but heaps of sin and iniquity. But to go on.  
Then the distress of nations shall be great, 
The distress of Nations how great.  and men shall whither away for fear (saith our Saviour) for when destruction shall be dispatched as a whirlwind, and God shall burn the earth, as Holophernes did the Country of Damascus, what fears think you, shall then affright the hearts of men, and what heaps of perturbations shall run upon the damned sort, when they shall see all these things playing their last act upon the fiery stage of this world.  
And then they shall see the son of man clothed with the clouds, as with a garment, riding upon the heavens, 
The glorious ma●cr●● Christ ●is coming,  as upon an horse, and coming flying, as upon the wings of the wind, in the glory of his father with his Angels; and what manner of glory is that?  
Moses tells you, that the Lord our God, is a God of Gods, 
Deut. 10.  and a Lord of Lords, a great God, mighty and terrible, that accepteth no person, nor taketh reward: and Daniel describing the great Majesty of God, saith, that his garments were as white as snow, the hairs of his head like the purest wool, his throne like the fiery flame, and his wheels like burning fire: 
Dan. 7.9, 10.  and there issued forth a fiery stream and went on't from before him; a thousand thousands ministered unto him, and ten thousand times ten thou and stood before him. And it is recorded of the Angels, that one of them slew all the firstborn of Egypt in one night, and that another of them made such a havoc in the army of the Assyrians, that, a hundred fouresoore and five thousand of them were all slain in one night, and were laid on the ground, as corn by a sickle.  
And if one Angel could do such Tragic feats, 
The great pours 〈◊〉 the Angels.  what shall become of the enemies of God, and wicked men when Christ like a man of war shall buckle his harness unto his side, and come in the glory of his Father, with so many myriads of heavenly Angels attending him?  
Eusebius Emysenius demandeth, Si talis & tantus sit terror venientis, quis poterit terrorem sustinere judicantis? if his coming be such and so terrible, who shall be able to endure the terror of his judgement? And if the Israelites durst not abide his Majesty, when he came to deliver the Law, how shall the wicked abide and stand before him, when he cometh to render vengeance unto them, for transgressing his Laws?  
And yet they must endure it, And it will be very terrible unto them. For  
2. In that day (saith our Saviour) He, i. e. God shall send his Angels with the sound of Trumpets, and with a mighty cry, to raise the dead, and to gather together the Elect from the four winds, and from the one end of the world to the other, and to bring all men before the judgement seat of Christ; for I have sworn by myself, 
Esay. 45.23.  saith the Lord, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, that every knee shall how unto me, and not one man shall be hidden from my presence. Alas beloved, if all the bodies of one Army did lie ●●nked upon one heap, what a ruthful sight would it make? And what a spectacle than will that be, when so many myriads of men, like the sand of the Sea, shall stand quaking and trembling before the face of Christ? For,  
Then their eyes shall be opened; and what shall the wicked see, but all things crying vengeance against them, for above them shall be an angry Judge, beneath them Hell like a boiling furnace, ready to receive them, on the right hand their sins accusing them, 
How the wicked shall be encompassed with miseries.  on the left hand the devils ready to torment them, within them a guilty conscience like Prometheus' vulture, continually gnawing them, without them all damned souls bewailing, and on every side the world burning.  
O good God, what will these wicked wretched sinners do, being thus enclosed with such miseries? how can their hearts sustain these anguishs? Our Saviour tells us that they shall cry to the Mountains, that they would fall upon them, and so hid them from the face of Christ, but that cannot be; for then Satan will begin to play his part, 
How Satan will now play his part.  and say, not bone Deus, O good God, to move him to clemency, but just Judex, O just Judge, to sharpen him to severity: though these wretched men were thine by creation, yet now they are mine by transgression, and though thou hast suffered for them, yet I have beguiled them, for they have forsaken sacramenta tua, thy holy sacraments, and they have followed blandimenta mea, my wicked allurements, they would not be porswaded by thy Preachers, but they would needs follow their own pleasures.  
And therefore, O thou just Judge, seeing they belong unto me, let them even be condemned with me. So he that before seemed to be an Angel of light, is now become a Devil of darkness; he that enticed them to all vanities, will now bring them to all miseries; and he that in paradise would make them like Gods, doth now prove that he made them like devils: And so now he showeth himself to be a devil indeed, and never so much a devil as now, or rather he seemeth now to become a Saint, because now he calls for justice.  
Then the Lord will look upon them; 
How wrathfully Christ will look upon the wicked.  but how shall they be able to endure his looks? for fire is kindled in his wrath, and it shall burn to the bottom of Hell; out of his mouth go lamps, and sparks of fire leap out; out of his nostrils cometh smonk, as out of a boiling Cauldron; his countenance will be so grim, his lips so burning, and his face so full of indignation, 
Job. ●4. 13.  that the very Saints will be afraid of his looks, and holy Job crieth out, who shall hid me until the anger of God passeth over? or as our last Translation hath it, O that thou wouldst hid me in the grave, that thou wouldst keep me secret until thy wrath be passed? 
Malach. 3.2.  and the Prophet Malachy demandeth, who may abide the day of his coming, and who shall stand when he appeareth? for he is like a refiners fire which is the quintessence of fire, and like a Fuller's soap which scoureth all things to the uttermost, and leaves no filth behind it: and therefore how shall the wicked abide his looks? and if not his looks, how shall they abide his words? For now they shall hear that fearful sentence pronounced against them, I lictor, liga manus, go Satan thou executioner, 
Ps. 149.8.  bind those Kings in fetters, & those Nobles with links of iron and go ye all, or departed ye accursed into everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels, and then they shall be adjudged to be cast into utter darkness, 
Matth. 25.41.  where shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. This is the doom of the ungodly.  
But upon the righteous, and those godly men that served him he will look with such an amiable and cheerful countenance that the very sight of it will banish away their fear, and replenish their hearts with joy and gladness; and he will say unto them, come ye blessed of my father, you have walked in my ways, you were careful of my service, 
How Christ will look upon the righteous men that served him.  you have suffered for my sake, and you have relieved and comforted my poor members; therefore be you clothed in white robes, and receive the Kingdom which was prepared for you before the beginning of the world. And this is the sentence of their absolution,  
Well then, if we were like these Beasts full of eyes before, to look, and to consider of these things now, before they come to pass, would it no whit move us to seek for the ways of godliness? if not, I would they that regard it not, would look a little further and behold Gehinnon, the place where they shall be carried to be tormented. For,  
3. 
3 3. The torments of the wicked in Hell.  The wicked being as I told you before, adjudged by God to receive their doom according to their desert, they shall be forthwith carried by the devils into a Lake or darksome Vault that is in the midst of the earth, and which burneth with fire and brimstone for evermore. And there in that Lake their music shall be horrors and howl, their meat shall be balls of fire, their drink shall be fountains of tears distilling down always from their eyes, their torments shall be intolerable, their time endless, and their companions devils: for as Saint Augustine saith, In inferno nec tortores defisient, nec torti miseri morientur, 
Aug. de tempore serm. 55.  sed per millia millia annorum cruciandi, nec tamen in secula liberandi, In Hell the tormentors shall never fail, nor faint to punish, nor the miserable wretches ever die, but for thousand thousands of years punished and never to be delivered; quia ibi erit semper velle quod nunquam erit, 
Isidorus de summo bono, The perpetuity of their miseries.  and semper nolle quod nunquam non erit, for there shall be a will never satisfied, and a nill never gratified; never enjoying the case they would, and ever suffering the pains they would not And if you dive into the depth of that doleful Tragedy of miserable Dives, you shall see this truth more sully confirmed. But,  
4. 
4 4. The joys of Heaven.  On the other side, if you cast your eyes on the joys of Heaven, you shall find that neither eye hath seen, nor care heard, nor heart of man can conceive how inestimable and unexpressable it is: for there our bodies shall be freed from all sorrows and all tears shall be wiped away from our eyes: and our minds shall be satisfied with all the good that can be desired; for if thou wouldst have riches, riches and plenteousness are in his house; if thou wouldst have pleasure, in his presence is fullness of joy, and at his right hand there is pleasure for evermore; if thou wouldst have life, he giveth thee a long life, even for ever and ever; and in brief, there is a freedom from all evil, and a full fruition of all good things. Most happy are they that shall be there.  
And so you have heard of the four things that are before us, and that are so imminent, hanging over our heads, that we do not know how soon they may fall upon us. And therefore we should be full of eyes before us, that we might always look for the coming of them before they come, that when they come, they may come to our comfort; for either the continual consideration of these things will keep us from the ways of wickedness, or we are passed all hope of true happiness, and we may be pitied but not helped.  
And therefore let us all most earnestly and humbly pray to God to grant us these eyes with these beasts, continually to behold and to consider all these things, that we may escape the dreadful doom of the wicked, and attain to everlasting happiness through Jesus Christ our blessed Lord and only Saviour, to whom with the Father and the Holy Spirit be ascribed all honour and glory for ever and ever. Amen.   

THE FOURTH SERMON.  REVEL. 4.8. 
And they rest not, or, ceased not day and night, saying, Holy holy, holy, Lord God Almighty, which was, and is, and is to come.  
AFTER that the holy Evangelist had described these Beasts, he sets down their practice, and the exercise that they used. Touching which, we are to consider, 

1. Their Constancy, They ceased not, or rest not day and night.  
2. Their Harmony, saying, Holy, holy, holy, etc.    
The which Harmony consisteth of six special parts. That is, 

1. The mystery of the Trinity of persons, in the Unity or one essence of the Deity.  
2. The sanctity, purity, and equity of God, in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
3. The power, authority, and dominion of God, in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
4. The knowledge, sight, and providence of God, in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
5. The strength and omnipotence of God, in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
6. The continuance and eternity of God, in the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.    
And these six Points cannot well and fully be explained by any humane wit, they all and every one of them being, as God is, ineffable and incomprehensible.  
And therefore (as Synesius saith) as the Geographers use to draw the great Universe and Compass of the world in a little Map; so I can speak and express but very little of these great and unspeakable Attributes of the great God.  
And here, dear Brother, that readest the same, and lookest for the prosecution of these parts, I must crave thy patience to bear with me; for that the whole Sermon that I made of these Points, I quite forgot to take with me to London, so that I could not have it printed with the former three: out by the grace of God I intent to set it forth as soon as conveniently I can send it to the Press. In the interim, I commend us to our good God, to whom be all glory and honour for evermore. Amen.  
Jehovae Liberatori.