PHILADELPHUS, OR A Defence of Brutes, and the Brutans' History.  
Written by R. H.  
Imprinted at London by john Wolf. 1593.   

TO THE MOST NOBLE LORD, the Lord Robert Devoreux, Earl of Essex, of her majesties privy Counsel, Knight of the Princely Order of the Garter.  
RIght Noble, my very especial good Lord, I present now unto your Lordship, this historical Essay, in print, which I offered before in writing, either because I am urged to this duty by your most honourable munificence toward me, or because I cannot provide my other exercises written of greater and graver matters. Yet I take the defence of mediocrity for a matter of some weight, both in this history of Brute, which is made litigious, and in any other position of much less importance, even of hair itself; insomuch as mediocrity cannot be disallowed.  
It is manifest, that some have written more of Brute then behoved them, but some have behaved themselves unkindly against Brutans, and done less for them, than they should.  
They are on both parts, too learned for me, I am not worthy to be their moderator, in this question of Brute: howbeit, as they have freely delivered their opinions with out any stop, so would I show the good will I bear to the one part, without any hatred to the other. God forbidden, that diversity of studies, should bring forth a divorcement of hearts among neighbours and friends: it were better no books at all were written, then to a break the bond of unity, and loosen the yoke of obedience by them, seeing we may live better without them, men without these.  
I hope, I am clean from any abuse in this present treatise, I will ever honour strangers, for their good qualities of learning and life: but I must not hold my hand and pen still, when I see them too busy, in tossing our histories and acts, at their own pleasure, which appertain not unto them: they cannot stay me from my study, more than I kept them from this practice. I favour the history of Brute, without regard of their disfavour, as they dislike it, without respect of other men's liking. I cannot in loyalty defend every Brute, but I may without any breach of duty, defend this great Brute of Brutanie.  
Wherefore I most humbly beseech your most excellent good Lordship, to accept of this mighty Captains present defence, even as your worthy honour, useth to allow the reasonable suits of approved men, which are like to do God good service, and this kingdom.  
Thus trusting to your Lordship's magnificent, & sweet favour herein, I most hearty commend your true renowned honour, to the blessed estate of immortality.  
Your Lordships in all thankful duty. Richard Harvey.   

A DEFENCE OF BRUTUS' HISTORY.  
MAster Buchanan, though some call you the trumpet of Scotland, and some the noble Scholar, yet I will be so bold, as answer your alarm, touching the history of mighty Brute: because your invective treatise, is in truth, more factious, then effectual. You and such hotbraines, have devised a faction, and divorcement of opinions, (I dare say) without fruit, and I believe, without cause: For my part, your denial is not able once to move me, and your reasons against Brutus' history, shall never persuade any sufficient reader, to agree with you, and remove the marks and circuits, that Geoffrey Monmouth hath set down. Yet by reading your allegations and probations, we may best aread, who is most credible, he or you, a Monmouth or a Scot, a monk or a travailer, and if neither barrel be better herring, then by their words they shallbe saved from blame, and by their words they shallbe damned, saith the wise judge: wherefore I take you of your word, and I say: that  
We seek no Noilitie, from Brute, we count not of our forefather's nobleness, but of our own. Nobility I can tell you, goeth not by birth and riches in Brutany, but by virtue: it standeth not upon antiquity, but upon right: we ever say, that nobleness is a superiority or dominion in virtuous acts, and that other things without virtue are but minority and subjection, and colours, and nought worth.  
We cannot think that Brute was ●atricide: let them that judge him so, prove him so. I pass not for that he hath done aforetime in other lands, but I only respect his Actions in this Island. Yet, if he were in that huge and main fault, he may well enter into Sanctuary, till you and yours have proved the deed voluntary. Mishap is not rashness, chance is not counsel, there is a folly in meeting an arrow, there is no sin in shooting it at a beast in the forest.  
We compare not Brutus with Romulus, no more than we compare your Chronicle now with this that shall write one 200. or 300. years hereafter: but this is your flourish, to no other purpose, then to show reading, where it doth no good, and may do some little hurt to a young Reader; who by your words will go nigh to say, that Brute and Romulus are much of a time, because you set them together in a Chronicle, which should report that is past, or record that is present only.  
We are not Britons, we are Brutans: we account not Brute our author & founder, seeing here dwelled as Noble men afore Brute as ever since that time. No good country or bad, hath been without noble men from the beginning, and to let go all Histories, I dare say this word, That nature hath made as ancient a generation of men upon the earth, as of other creatures, and of chief men in their companies at first, aswell as of other chief creatures in their kinds and their herds at first, yea and much rather of men, because of more government and order.  
We speak not of Brutus' wealth and language, before he came hither, neither can you prove, that he had not wealth enough to serve his uses, or tongue enough in every place of his travel. Cannot an Eagle fly from place to place, and take here a lamb, there a kid, here a goose, there a swan, unless he can speak the language of lambs, and kids and geese and swans? what traffic should a venturer have with any people, when he hath set all the earth or one part thereof before him, to make himself king in some place or other? He will not ask, what price beareth your merchandise? but a Brute will have it for taking: he will be above your commercies, and throw you into the marshes, if you give him not whatsoever you would not, whensoever he will.  
What if the Romans could scarcely set foot in this Island, when they were in their greatest fortune and strength? could not Brute therefore possibly get into it? how know you, whether his nativity, or his good hap, or his manner of entering, were not better or happier than Caesar's?  
If one company cannot enter by force, cannot another company enter by wit and fairer means? It is not number, nor money that make a Conqueror, it is good success, which cometh of a good forecast, that is in a Grecian more then in a Roman, and why not in Brute more than in Caesar? If Brutus' Chronicles had been preserved aswell as Caesar's, I doubt not of this matter and of Brutus' immortality in all writings, then Caesar had been half a Brute.  
We have not any thing here for Italians, till we be served ourselves, we are only in Brutanie and among Brutans. Let other men have leave to speak of Saturn and Latium, of janus and janiculum, and other things before Brute, who might be among his neighbours, as singular and fortunate a man for foresight, as Noah was among the men of former times. It is no reason that Brute could not be given to travel, because the Italians were not given to traveling, among whom you say he dwelled afore. So you may deny almost every actors Acts, that hath lived admirably in the world. It may be, that Brute and is fellows sworn-men were worth all the rest in lively and manly action abroad, as Abraham and his company were singular among the Assyrians, and proved the rare man of the world.  
We say not, that Brute walked on the Sea, or came hither by land, and therefore your Alps, and your Hercules have no present use, but as table talk to pass time, and make a noise. Yet men having lived more than 2800. years from Adam to Hercules upon the earth, and Comer the son of Lamech, and Cham and Sabati, and other great men lying in Italy before Hercules was borne, and seeking out the parts of the earth every way, we can believe reasonably, that they passed over the Alps before him. Or if Hercules must needs be the only man, what a single reason is it? that Brute might not follow him that way, because Hercules only had gone before. I had rather conclude thus: Hercules made a way through the Alps so easily, that any hardy travailer might follow him that way. Since Brutus' time the Alps have been passable enough, and the Gauls have overrunned them; and other people trodden on them, your Adhuc alienis is somewhat unskilfully written of you.  
Truly I would Tamerlane were even now here, to answer your Ocean argument: he could tell you, that his multitude of rude Scythians and shepherds could do more Acts than all the fine gay troops and ranks of Baiazete, that it is no good consequent which you bring forth, as if the Alban shepherds and clowns might not be as valiant in vanquishing the Alps, as the Carthaginian soldiers: unless it be an infallible Item, that the iolliest men are ever greatest actors by sea and land: your argument à maiori is easily set à minori in this manner: The lightheaded Grecians and such other have passed the Ocean, much more is it probable, that the manly and most hardy Albans have done the same thing, having neither less wit by comparison of their Acts, nor less courage in any point. The actions of one do not prove any thing of another, but of that one pro or contra: or else how should we have arguments of contradictories, of unequals, of unlikes, of divisions? or if your reason be an history, I see no cause, why mine history of Brute, may not be credited aswell as yours of the Massilians, who were long enough after Noah's Ark and other ships of other men, I believe, to have some ancestors in shipmastry and many fellows. He that goeth aspying goeth aspeeding: opportunity maketh men do strange works: have you never heard of players and jesters, that by devices of games and pastimes have obtained very great victories? Remember man, I say, the famous and strong name of Brute, and consider the nature of warly travailers, and never stand so stiffly in your naked conjecture.  
How knoweth Buchanan, that there was no such renowned Brute in the world before the banishment of the Tarquin's in Rome? might there not be another Brute 500 years before this counterfeit Brute of Rome? or was there none such, are you sure, because the Roman and Greek Historians of other nations, forsooth, have made no such record? It is no sufficient reason, to carry Brutans from their own old Registers by the words and silence of outlandish writers. You know and I am sure, there are no mean matters left out of profane Histories, which are in ecclesiastical Histories, and nevertheless allowed. The more they leave out the glory of our land, the more I presume by the nature of foreign countries, that our land was envied, because it was most glorious. I tell you I cannot think it necessary, that he which is named Brute in our Chronicle must be so named in other Chronicles: the same man may have divers names severally set down in several books of several languages, and as for this most Noble Brute, it is like enough, he changed his name, as he changed his habitation.  
You may easily say, A monk was the deviser of this Brute, you will say, that he played the Poet, that he carved & painted him in this manner: but you cannot yet prove in this haste, that the monk or student had not good proof in his readings of this Brute, that he had not his Author for them. It is out of question, that many books have been written but once, and that many such singular books have been lost for want of copies, and it is probable, that this monk had some old monument or book, which may be in Cambry to this day, though Buchanan and Livy never heard of it, and may be as true of Brute, as their old Scottish Things and Romish Decades are accounted true by their favourers and countrymen. If the history of Brute be not true, because they have not seen the proof thereof, no more is their history true, because we have not seen the proof thereof, which was acted so many years ere we were borne: thus it is as lawful to conjecture for Brute as against him, seeing he is but denied only by conjectures and probabilities.  
But what is this you say? are men's mouths stopped with a mask and show of Religion? cannot men tell what to say against A show and appearance? do men that name the heathenish religion account it religion in Christendom? I warrant you, the monk was so far from purposing, to stop men's mouths with the idolatry of Diana, that he never esteemed half the tenth part so much of her, as Demetrius did for his profit in Ephesus, and I dare say, that the Religious Author thought it no religion, or imagined, that the Brutanes would so esteem it, but only named Diana, as Castor and Pollux are named of S. Luke the Evangelist.  
Your Synchronisme of Faunus, of Sibylla and Praenestine is to no purpose: it seemeth by this History of Brute, that Diana's Oracle was not unknown, as you seem to avouch. But here you will take the monk at a dead lift, as you suppose, and yet I tell you methinks you and very bookishly and literally wise, not reasonably and discoursively. Must Diana needs speak latin, because this Historian reporteth her Oracle in latin? Are you not advised, how many things are written in Greek and Latin of the Beginning of the world, though there were neither Greek nor Latin 2000 years and more after the Creation of heaven and earth? and such a reason might partly be brought against yourself in your first king Fergusius, if I would follow so needless a cause, in comparing his time with the times of the latin tongue, wherein you writ of him. You might have done well, to prove that the monk saith, how Brute received his answer of Diana, and asked her Counsel in latin speech, which because you have not proved, your Horatius and your Saliare carmen, and your Numa, and your words are but wind. Cannot an Historian report the Orations of the Indians, of the Germans, of the Numidians in latin, unless the Numidians & Germans and Indians spoke latin? were the Orations in your Chronicles, Master Buchanan, spoken first in latin? So your Penitus obliti and ne tenue quidem, and other bootless words are vain and little, or nought worth in this present question. 'tis not ever true that hath a quidem. I cannot certainly say, that the Brutans' language was used in Italy in the days of Brute: but I may well say, notwithstanding your trifling mycterisme, that if the Oracles and men had spoken it, they had been never the worse, nor the language never the better. But you were in a running thought and supposed yourself subtle enough, when you had brought your invention to a disjunctive proposition, with much effect, I promise you, when it tendeth hitherto, even to prove, that the Brutan speech than was not the same our Brutans use now in Cambry.  
Yet by your leave, Buchanan, it is no proof against this language, in that many tongues appear in it in your time, seeing Brutanisme might at first be as full of diverse tongues by reason of much travel as it is now, and then your argument hath nor use nor force in your question: and in truth, though Scots be called generally false, yet Buchanan may be true: so Monks may dream dreams, and yet Geoffrey Monmouth write a truth. Why should not a monk be as credible as a Paedanty? or a solitary student understand that he readeth as much as a busy schoolmaster? or a Cambrian read Chronicles which a Scot never saw? or Geoffrey be as plain and verifiable as Buchanan, being not so deep over head and ears in verses and Poetry as he? yet now at last the George confesseth, that his own reasons are but minims, and minute persecutions and slender things, and is feign to say, that the monk himself seemeth to acknowledge his fiction, though it appeareth not so by the Moonkes words. Thus it cannot be proved evidently, that the history of Brute is a feigned and poetical narration, unless it be first proved, that there were no more Intelligences and Registers in the life of Geffrey then of George, and that Geffrey had no Authors for his defence, because George cannot know them. If nothing be true in one country which hath not suffragees from another Country, I cannot tell what history may stand irrefragably by this determination, no not when we read the ancientest parts and primitive records of best historiographers. Was there not an Apostle Paul under Nero, because Suetonius and Tacitus name none such? much justine teach the jews how to think of the delivery of Israel? But I omit those instances which might be given against you, because in a question I regard the argument more than the illustration thereof, and so should you too by your leave, for all your 24. years travel.  
Are they malè callidi, and is vanity in them that call Diana an huntress and say, that in the time of Brute Diana was accounted a Goddess? I confess, I cannot see, how they are lewdly and fraudulently vain that writ thus: than it remaineth, that you make these words good, if you can: The chaste body the painful body, but labour and continency in man's body breed a kind of divinity in man. I pray, when you in your Psalms, as they call them yours, devise the most kinds of verses that you can, do you confess, that David made them at first in so many sorts of verses as you have written them? surely you will deny it. Iwis, it is not necessary, that Brute and Diana should speak verses, because Geoffrey Monmouth recordeth their words in verses. But, let be, suppose they did speak in these or in other verses, than he, doubtless, or some other for him translated their words into hexameters and pentameters, as you see. What vanity or falsehood is on either side? never think to carry it away with threadbare words, or to lead your Readers where you list.  
A wise persuader are you: is Diana called Loxias in your books? or if Apollo be obliqne and crooked, and intricate in his answers, must Diana needs be so? or if Diana's Priest be commonly obscure & folded up in speech, cannot it be, that he should be perspicuous at any one time? are you to appoint him how to speak so many years after his death? I pray, if Pythia be ever doubtful, and obliqne, because she is so for the most part, what doubtfulness or obliquity is in this answer? You are come to my rich temples, Lycurgus beloved of God and of all that inhabit the heavenly houses, I am in doubt whether I should call thee a mon or a God, but I much rather believe, that thou art a God, Lycurgus, as Herodotus hath recorded in his Clio: and what ambiguity is in that Answer which Pythia gave unto Croesus in the same book of Herodotus? what say to Aristodocus in the same book, who neither asked in verse nor was answered in verse? what say to them of Marea and Apia, which asked Hamon's Oracle in prose, and were answered in prose? as it appeareth in Euterpe. What say to the Dove of Dodona, or the Oracle of the city Butis given to Pheron that spoke in prose? in the same book: to let pass such answers a good many given without verse or ambiguity: Or if they were given in verse being now written otherwise with allowance of Readers, what hath the monk done amiss in the manner of these verses? he may aswell register prose in verse, as they register verse in prose.  
As for your Opinor, this may be well answered in your verbal manner, O pinor narras? non rectè accipis: you know the maker Terentius. I that am young may aswell bestow my labour to answer you, as you being old may object so unfruitfully. How is that proved a manifest fiction that this Island at Brutus' coming was a wilderness, being yet so this day still in many places? Can two Giants and their two families, or so many Giants as make an Army, so fill this country, that it shall not rightly be called a desert? when they are all in one shire, the other shires are very deserts: when they being so few, are scattered into so many shires between the Orcadeses and the I'll of Wight, how can they so fill it, that it may not be well named of Diana a desert? in comparison of the Cities and Kingdoms in other lands, where she abode most.  
The name of Gogmagog is no more monstrous than the name of Onosconcoleros, nor Tentagol more vast and strange than Nabuchodonozor, neither shall those Names prejudice the History more with us then these Names have done with other in the History of the Assyrians.  
Thus I may very justly and reasonably maintain and uphold the history of Brute, for any thing that master Buchanan hath said against it. Concerning Dioclesian and his daughters, I have willingly lost all that delight of reading and answering, although I see evidently, that this History which you account a tale may be defended for aught you have alleged. Yet master Buchanan taketh much upon him and chargeth some body with impudency and a lie, and playeth the Terrible schoolmaster, and yet when he hath done his best and his worst, it is not proved, that 24. years were not sufficient for Brutus' retinue, and the inhabitants of this land, together with other of their kindred that resorted hither and remained here, to replenish the Country with men of War, to erect three kingdoms, to accomplish great Acts by sea and land. Let him look into the kingdoms of Grecia in old time, and he shall find fewer men in a kingdom than Brute alone with his company might raise in 24. years: let him remember the huge kingdoms of three men, Sem, Ham, and japhet: let him consider, that mighty Actions are not done by money and number, but by industry and virtue: let him prove, either that this Generation of Brute cannot possibly be true, or else cease to spend his time with opinions and likelihoods, that may be repelled with the like again: rusty Antiquities more reverend than scoured Novelties. Yet, we are not desirous, that Brute should be our Conqueror, we wish not subjection to him, or any other outlandish Nobleman: we had rather win the land that this Brute came from, and subdue it under our feet: but when Brutans have published an History and allowed it a long time, we would not have a Scot so presumptuous, as to control it, much less to reject it, as this one Scot hath done very rawly and unadvisedly.  
So I leave you, master Buchanan, and wish you to sacrifice unto the wiser dimi-goddesse Palinodia.   

TO HIS MOST LOVING BROther, Master Gabriel Harvey, Doctor of Laws.  
WHen I saw, both how jestingly, and seriously our History of Brute was rejected of some ancient and new bookmen, I tried their marvelous jests and reasons, and felt them too weak to move me. Now my Answer is on foot with their Reply, I may justly hold mine own, and stand on Brutus' side against all challengers that are or will come. I say, Puissant Brute is no fabulous Prince, but a true example, no counterfeit man, but a corporal possessor of this Island; let them say what they can. With this mind I have here taken one Essay of our Chronicles in the best historical Method that I could make out of the best Historiognomers. I am sure, any History is easier for memory, and readier for use this way, than any other way, which I have hitherto seen in other men's Collections, Tables, Directories, or any such other inventions: yet as it is proof, so approve it, or reprove it; I am not wedded to myself, nor tied to any sect in the world, but hearty wish every man to take every thing as it is, not as it is made of this and that scribbler or prattler, which can tell better, how to play the mocking Ape, than the just controller. Almighty God defend you daily, and amend them one day: you know my mind in all my matters, and that I would those petite Momes had better manners: the scholars head without moderation is like the merchants purse penniless without all credit: I desire that every student may smell as the Lilies of Solomon, and that every wild Lily may be set in his Gardens. I say, out Hemlock, out Bramble, out Weeds, and let the blood of furious Ajax himself, saith Ovid, be turned into a pleasant herb. I writ not this, to flatter any that should seek after me, but to follow you, good Brother, in your last Letters, in whose Example I ever yet dwelled, and am like to dwell, even till my Soul shall dwell in the Commonwealth of Heaven. I cannot bid you farewell in a better mind, and in this respect I set me rest here, I remember your counsel, and begin my essay. 1592. the 14. of june.  
Your loving brother R.H.   


AN ESSAY, OR TASTE OF THE first part of our Brutan Chronicles.  

The History of Brute and Brutans setteth forth. 

Principally and antecedently their persons, & in them showeth the 

geneallogy or issue which they had.  
arts which they studied.  
acts which they did. 

This part of History is named Anthropology.      
Accessorily and consequently the 

times 

when they began to Rule. How long they ruled. 

This part of History is named Chronology.      
places 

in the Island, of Brutany; This part of History is named Topography  
out of the Island of Brutany; This part of History is named Topography         
When a man is borne into the world, he learneth some thing or other: by learning he is brought to do somewhat: but as all deeds are done in the compass of a place, so are they bounded with their beginning and ending.   

THE GENEALOGY OR ISSVE of Brute.  
BRute the first begat three sons of Innogen: the first was Locrine the second Camber, the third Albanact.  
Locrine the eldest son begat Madian of Gwendolyn and Habren of Elstrid which had a skin as clear and white as ivory, or Lilies, or Snow itself.  
Madian begat Memprise,  
Memprise begat Ebranke,  
Ebranke a very goodly person among thousands and strong, begat Brute the second, and nineteen sons and thirty daughters: these fifty children were borne unto him of twenty women.  
Brute the second begat Leyl,  
Leyl begat Hurdibras,  
Hurdibras begat Bladud,  
Bladud begat Leyr,  
Leyr begat three daughters, the first was Goneril, the second Ragan, the third Cordeil, but left no son behind him. Cordeil the youngest daughter, as it came to pass succeeded her father, but Morgan and Conedag her two nephews deposed her: Conedag the son of Ragan being provoked by Morgan the son of Gonoril his cousin german slew him in battle and ruled alone, and begat Rival, Rival begat Gurgust, and Sisill Gurgusts brother succeeded Gurgust, and jago Sisils' next kinsman succeeded Sisill, and Kymer, jagoes' brother succeeded jago, and begat Gorbodug, Gorbodug begat Ferrex and Porrex of Wyden, whose generations and issues are unknown to us, as the issues of Ebranks nine and forty children are not known very well, nor the generations of Camber, of Albanact, of Morgan, of Gurgust, of Sisill and of jago.  
Thus the eighteen Rulers that came of Brute the first are come to an end, as a tale that is told in sport, or as a tree that is digged up in earnest. Yet neither seven Polydores more, nor ten buchanan's shall persuade me, that this Genealogy is a fabulous Tale. Let Polydore get him to Urbin in Italy, and Buchanan high him to Buchany in Scotland: it becometh not these outlandish intruders to usurp the censure of the Brutan Histories: if they look well about them they have enough to do at home: we need none of their gossipping cups: but they are dead, and their historical judgements are interred with them: if any man will raise them from the grave, who will believe their mortified Ghosts? A Brutan may justly except against the witness of an Italian, or a Scot: jealousy and malignity are two blind guides: Then hold your own, ye brave Brutans, and guide yourselves, your own heads are fittest for your own bodies.   

THE ARTS AND ACTS OF Brute, and his Brutans were in their Virtues and Vices.  

Their virtue and Temperance appeared in  
Friendship and communion  
Between man & wife in marriage. Locrine married Gwendolyn: Leyr married his two eldest daughters with two Dukes: Cordeil was married to Aganip Duke of the Gauls for her womanly virtues, and virtuous womanhood.  
Talk and conference,  
Between superior and inferior, the ruler and the subject. Gwendolyn after her husbands death lived contentedly and lovingly with her kindred and acquaintance in Cornwall till she died. Brute the second carried ever a green shield with him, to signify, what a mind he did carry withal, even a mind and desire, to have all things grow and flourish like the fruitful fields unto a joyful harvest: whereupon he was named Greenshield, a Prince gentle toward all men, and merciful to the needy. Leyl lived peaceably in his young days. Hurdibras allayed the factions and quarrels that he found among his people, and of unquiet men made them very quiet. Leyr lived moderately with his subjects. Cordeil behaved herself so lovingly and patiently, that she would not punish the two sons of Maglan and Hennine for their fathers: she thought it no reason, to plaster one body for an other bodies sores, to beat one for another's fault. Rival lived quietly. Gurgustus' kept his country in rest and wealthy peace by some learned counsel.  
Between the father and the child: Cordeil being ever modestly and maidenly shamefaced, either would not or could not flatter her father Leyr with needless phrases and vain oaths, but answered him mildly and simply without ostentation or deceit, that she loved him as her natural father with an obedient ever and thankful hearth unfeignedly.  
Between two cousins: When Conedag was informed by his old trusty friends, and told from his mortal enemies, that Morgan began roundly to make open war against him, he himself desired peace by letters, and sought it with all good means otherwise by Ambassadors, he was so unwilling to shed blood, if he might choose, or even to carry armour against his kinsman.    

THIS WAS THEIR TEMPERANCE in Deeds and Words.  

Their vice and Intemperance appeared in  
Words: First, Gonoril told Leyr, she loved him more than her own soul: then Ragan said, she loved him unspeakably.  
Levity: When Locrine saw Elstrid, he would have rejected Gwendolyn: Memprise lived loosely, and spent most of his time in pastime and licentious games.  
Drink: Gurgust by some natural infirmity of brain was drunken once a day: this drunkenness neither shortened his life, nor hindered his actions, as it seemeth by the years of his government and life.  
Discord: Madian was subject to much impatience and tyranny. Memprise, procured the death of those great men whom he feared for their virtue and therefore hated for his own guilty life.  
Venery: Locrine kept Elstrid his captive for his Concubine, and accompanied her a long time, too long by six years and twelve months. Memprise sold himself to adultery, he gave his body to buggery and beastly love, which was love, saving your reverence. Ebrank had twenty wives, some say, but I think nineteen of them were housewives, as we commonly say, and she his wife only that married him and knew him first: A right line is between two, to go aside is to go amiss.   

Their virtue, or wisdom is seen in  
Discipline or desire of knowledge: Madian, though he were borne a mortal Prince or earthly God, was in his childhood sent into Cornwall to his most valiant grandsire Corin, that he might learn of him all experienced manhood fit for a sovereign Ruler. Bladud in his young years was sent otherwise and carried over seas to Athenes, that he might, forsooth, be taught the wisdom of the Grecians: this Athenian English Prince at his return brought home with him no less than four great Philosophers, to teach the Brutans, and either found or founded Schools for them at Stamford or Stanefoda after the smoothest and Atticall Idiom.  
Arts, both Geometry, and Astrology: Brute presently upon his Arrival searched this Island optically and thoroughly, he and his surveyed it quantitatively and quaintly to the purpose. Hurdibras taking in his head and hand, to build the city, or woodworke & stone-worke of Caerpalladour, called for the judicial advise & devise of Aquila his ginger in laying the foundations of that starry and elementary City, that the world might better esteem it.  
Philosophy, both natural and moral: the four wisemen of Athens, that taught some of the Brutans, even as Bladud the king appointed them, had many times for their variable and strange voices a wonderful great audience, and those wisemen's scholars succeeded them and continued orderly about the times of fourteen hundred years after with great glory, but but how good, I know not. Bladud found the hot Baths in this Island by his geomantical and hydromantical skill and subtlety. Brute the first made many good politic laws for the benefit & direction of himself and his subjects. Gwendolyn ministered true judgement to the people well and wisely, at last, fearing by reason or inspiration that the king Madian her son would scarcely use her Honourably, as the son should use his mother, went her way and dwelled far enough aught of sight in Cornwall among them that were glad ever of her daily company. Ebranke for his sons sake and his own, sent his thirty daughters to Silvius an Italian Duke, that they might be married with their own blood, the old Trojan blood, and thereby get their father many friends or well-willers abroad, to strengthen him in his need, if need were.  
Words of counsel: Cordeil told her father in a melancholic vain, That as his riches were more or less, so he should be loved and feared more and less.  
This was their Prudence in teaching and learning.   

Their vice or folly is seen in  
Deceit by building: Locrine for want of better conveyance built a cave for his Concubine, and made some few men of his privy Counsel, but told other men, that it was a secret place for prayer and sacrifice in the manner of his own outlandish religion: when he heard and knew of Corins' death, he crowned Elstrid queen and rejected Gwendolyn, whom he seemed to love hitherto for fear of Corin, and not for liking.  
Deceit by weapons: Memprise slew his manly brother Manlius by faithless craft, to be out of his emulative danger and dangerous emulation.  
Magicals: Bladud dedicated his Baths to Minerva a dead woman: he taught Necromancy in all parts of his country: he undertook to fly aloft in the air with devised wings and means artificially, and so fell down inartificially and died sensibly, neither could he become admirable this way, as he hoped.  
Words: Leyr forgetting his Honour asked his three daughters a fond needless question, as some use to dally with young children, and would forsooth, hear of them that were women grown, How much they loved him: they might have showed on their finger.  
Ignorance: the Giants of this Island being only strong, and wild men without any great forecast, were subdued for want of art and government. Sisill let all matters go and run at adventure. Iago had the same vile fault, and died of a frenzy, as he lived with a megrim.   

Their virtue & fortitude is known by their Acts in  

Peace, 

These honourable Rulers approved their Princely magnificence, and Philotimy in a brave manner. Brute the first named this Island Brutanie of his own Noble and famous Name: He built a fortunate City by the Thames, and called it Troynew in perpetual honour of his own Country. Ebranke built a fair City in his land Northward, which he called Caerbranke after his own name: He built another City with a Castle in Albany, and called it Edenbrough, in regard of his daughters. Leyl built a City in this land Northward, which he called Caerleyl by his own name. Leyr built a City in the midst of his land, and called it Caerleyr in respect of his own name. Thus they purchased their Glory with heroical expenses, and public actions profitably.  
Then the virtuous subjects showed their excellent magnanimity in good sort: They suffered not Madian to rule over them, till he was able to carry armour in the Field, and lead an army. Duke Corin went to king Locrine with his ordinary battle Axe in his hand, and behaved himself so manly, and plainly with the king, that he would not or durst not reject Gwendolyn his spouse, as he before had purposed. Good warly rhetoric.    
War 

at home 

Those Duke's Maglan and Hennine suffered not their wives king Leyrs two eldest daughters to be kept from the Crown by Cordeil the youngest daughter. Locrine fought with Humber and flew him in battle, because he had slain his younger brother Albanact the Prince and ruler of Albany.  
Conedag and Morgan the sons of those two Dukes deposed even Cordeil their aunt from her usurpation and royal government.  
Conedag defended his land against Morgan, and put him to flight, and slew him, and joined Morgan's kingdom to his own. Gwendolyn the queen gathered an army against her husband Locrine the king, and in their conflict he was slain with an arrow.    
abroad. 

Ebranke got great victories, and rich spoils both in strange countries far off, & near hand, & then returned home with his money and men in safety & joy: it is no less courage, to get out of trouble, then to go through it.       
This was their Fortitude, in doing for their friends, and undoing their foes.   

Their vice or extreme fortitude is known by  
Covetous ambition: Manly warred with his elder brother Memprise to deprive him of the kingdom, accounting it his own, if he could win it. Leyrs two sons in law Maglane and Hennine expelled him out of his land, and usurped his place a while, no time to count of. Morgan raised war against Conedag his cousin german, with whom he lived neighbourly aforetime, but now he aspired to Conedags kingdom. Porrex made sudden war upon Ferrex his brother, and put him to flight, and slew him, to be ruler himself alone.  
Audacious anger: When the people might do what they would in the reign of Sisill, they being naturally given to fight, fell to civil war among themselves, and spilled much innocent blood. Rage is blind: villains sometime turn wars to their vile uses.  
Pusillanimity or base idleness: Leyl for want of a good heart could not rule his subjects when he was old. Cordeyl being at her wits end despaired of her liberty, and murdered herself in prison. Gorbodug lived without any memorable act, like an idiot or a very swain. Sisill by continual ease fell into many cold and phlegmatic diseases, and at last a lethargy made an end of him: as he sowed, so he reaped: of a lazy life, came a loathsome death.   

Their virtue or justice is proved in  
Dividing in the generations of the eighteen kings the Crown is ever justly possessed, either by the sons, or by the brethren, or by the next of the king's blood, except the next to king Leyr.  
Brute the first divided Brutany among his three sons, the eldest had the best third, the youngest the worst part, the middle son the mean part, not so good as the best, nor so ill as the worst.  
Ebranke built a Temple in Caerbrank and appointed an archflamin to oversee it. Leyl built a Temple in Caerleyl and ordained a flamen to rule over it. Hurdibras built Caerkent, Caeruin and Caerpalladour, for the benefit of the country, and in every of them he made a Temple. Bladud built a Temple in his City Caerbadon, which was made by him for their use that kept the Baths or came to them.  
Conedag and Morgan the sons of two sisters parted Brutany between them, and lived quietly: So did Ferrex and Porrex two brethren for a time: but the comedy became a tragedy.  
Rewarding: Brute the first gave Cornwall to Corin his fellowsouldier for overcoming Gogmagog the Giant in wrestling. Locrine bestowed the spoils of Humber's armies upon the soldiers that won them in battle. Cordeil welcomed her father Leyr most reverently when he fled unto her for secure, and restored him to his kingdom. Kymar kept his land in right frame and order, by giving all brave men that they truly deserved: the chief policy with good natures.  
Challenging: Corin seeing changeable affections of Locrine charged him with a promise and contract made between him and Gwendolyn, and urged him so straightly and severely, that he made him content to stand to his word, the rather for that good service which Corin did his father Brute.  
Revenging: Locrine revenged the death of Albanact his brother with the death of Humber. Gwendolyn fought against her own husband, to plague him for his whoredom and other injuries, and provided so well for herself, that in the trial of their Cause he was slain, and his whore drowned with her base daughter, the fiery and deceitful root Baaras with the leaf. Conedag and Morgan deposed Cordeil from the kingdom which she held from them a long time with some title by her father though insufficient, seeing these were the sons of her eldest sisters. Wyden with her waiting women chopped her son Porrex in pieces by night, for killing his brother Ferrex without any just cause.  
Punishing: Gurgust was abhorred of the Brutans for his daily drunkenness, but suffered to be king for his birthrights sake. Madian and Memprise were hated of good men and feared of wicked men for their extreme and beastly cruelty: so between both they were secretly forsaken in time of hunting and the wild beasts suffered to destroy them. Here we may very fitly consider, how the Power from heaven punished the people of Brutanie with raining blood three days, and vexing them with infinite swarms of venomous strange flies, that stung their king Rival and many other to death. See, what life is that flies may take away, even little flies with their little stings.  
This was their justice in Religion and Policy.   

Their vice or Injustice is proved in  
Dividing: Locrine crowned Elstrid his concubine queen, when Gwendolyn his true wife lived. Ebranke dedicated the Temple of his City to a living name and dead carcase Diana, that could not defend it or him. Leyr gave half his goods to his two eldest daughters at their marriage, and made them mightier than himself, for speaking to him fairly or paintedly, but he gave nothing with Cordeil to her dowry, because she told him an open truth without any forgery.  
Rewarding: Leyr at his death, gave his half kingdom to Cordeyl, for defending him in trouble: the people made her queen by common consent, and thereby hindered the right of her two Nephews the very next apparent heirs.    

THE CHRONOLOGY OF Brutus' offspring.  
BRute the first began to rule in the year of the world, 2855. and ruled 24. years, about the time of Samuel the mighty Prophet in Israel.  
Locrine began in the year 2879. and rule 20. years, in which time he kept Elstrid seven years, about the time of Saul the first king of Israel.  
Gwendolyn began in the year 2899. and ruled 15. years, about the time of David the kingly Prophet in Israel.  
Madian began in the year 2914. and ruled 40. years, about the time of fair Absalon's fame in Israel.  
Memprise began in the year 2954. and ruled 20. years, about the time of salomon's magnificent buildings in Israel.  
Ebranke began in the year 2974. and ruled 60. years, in the 23. year of his reign he built Caerbrank, about this time the fiery Prophet Elias of Israel began to teach.  
Brute the second began in the year 3034. and ruled 12. years: about this time Baal's Prophets were slain at the brook Kison by the commandment of Elias the Prophet of God.  
Leyl began in the year 3046. and reigned 25. years: about this time Eliseus the great Prophet began to work wonders in Israel.  
Hurdibras began in the year 3071. and reigned 30. years: now Lycurgus the Lacedaemonian lawmaker flourished.  
Bladud began in the year 3101. and reigned 21. years: now Hesiodus the Poet was famous, now Homer lived.  
Leyr began in the year 3122. and reigned 40. years: now Sardanapalus the last king of Assiria was in his pride and sensuality.  
Cordeyl began in the year 3162. and ruled 5. years: now Esaias the Prophet began to prophesy among the jews.  
Conedag began in the year 3167. and reigned 33. years: now Romulus and Remus were borne: now the Olympiad's began.  
Rival began in the year 3200. and reigned 46. years: now Room was builded: now Sennacheribs army was destroyed by an Angel of God in one night.  
Gurgust began in the year 3246. and reigned 38. years: now Gyges got the kingdom of Lydia and Numa of Room: heereaboutes Herodotus beginneth his histories, which contain 230. years.  
Sisill began in the year 3284. and reigned 49. years: now Tullus ruled in Room, and jeremias the Prophet began to prophesy.  
Iago began in the year 3333. and reigned 25. years: now Ancus Martius ruled in Room and Nabuchodonosor in Babylon.  
Kymar began in the year 3358. and reigned 54. years: now Daniel and Ezechiel the Prophets began to prophesy: now the seven wisemen of Greece were famous.  
Gorbodug began in the year 3412. and reigned 64. years: now Tarqvinius was expelled out of Room: now Pythagoras lived: now Cyrus the great, was in his glory.  
Ferrex and Porrex began in the year 3475. and reigned 5. years: now Xerxes began his Greek wars: now Anaxagoras the Teacher of Pericles, Socrates and Thucydides was famous and somewhat singular.  
Thus Brute and his offspring seem to end in the year of the world 3480. and to have continued in the Government of Brutanie 735. years. There is a time of life, and a time of death, a time to arise, and a time to fall, a time for one stock and a time for another. Yet infinite be that time, which is predestinated for the name of Brute and his Brutans, everlasting be that honour which is due to the branches of such a Tree as groweth without withering, is strong without decay, and may best serve even for the Phoenix of all men, and una of all the women in the earth.   

The Topography set down in the History of Brutus' generation.  

The places mentioned in this Island are universal  
More: Locry the south part of Brutanie, Cambry the west part, Albany the north part so named, of Locrine & Camber and Albanact the sons of Brute. All the kings that succeeded Locrine reigned in Locry, and Conedag ruled it as his heritage. Morgan fled into Cambry from Conedags army: he was ruler in Albany, which was assigned him for his portion. One of Leyrs sons in law was Duke of Albany.  
Less: Cornwall so called of Corin, is in the bounds of Locry: there Gwendolyn wrought her chief practices: there Madian was brought up: one of Leyrs sons in law was Duke thereof. Glamorgan is in the limits of Cambry, there Morgan was slain, and his Army overthrown, of whom that part had the name.   

Other places are less particular.  
In the water: Brute built Troynew by the River Thames. Locry and Albany are divided by the river Humber, where Locrine vanquished the Duke of the Alban called Humber, of whom that river had the name.  
Cambry is parted from Locry by the river Severne, called otherwise Habren, in which Elstrid and her daughter Habren were drowned by Guendolins' commandment, and of that daughter the River had the name.  
In the land: Brute landed at Totnes Haven. Troynew built by Brute: here Locrine made Elstrid's cave: here Bladud, Conedag and Gorbodug were buried. Caerkent the City of Kent or Canterbury, Caerwin or Winchester, Caerpalladour or Shaftsbury built by Hurdibras. Caerbadon or the City bath, and Stamford built by Bladud. Caerleyr or the City of Leyr or Leecester built by Leyr. There he was buried: there Cordeyl was buried: These are in Locry: Caerbranke, or the city of Ebrank, or York, and Edenbrough, or the city of Maids, built by Ebranke. Caerleyl the city of Leyl: these are in Albany.   

Places more particular are  
Temples and religious houses: Ebranke built a Temple in Caerbranke, and there he was buried: there was Rival buried, there jago was buried. Leil built a Temple in Caerleyl, and there was he buried.  
Hurdibras built three Temples in his three Cities, and in the Temple of Caerwin was he buried. Bladud built a Temple in Caerbadon: there Sisill was buried. Bladud fell down upon the altar of Apollo, when his flying failed him.  
Profane places: Ebranke built a Castle in Edenbrough. The Cave of Elstrid built by Locrin. The bellies of beasts were the toombers of Madian and Memprise.   

Places out of this Island mentioned are  
Nearer us: Germany: thence Elstrid was brought by Humber: thence Ebranke brought great spoils. Gallia whence Ebranke got many riches: there Aganip the husband of Cordeil was Ruler: Leyr and Ferrex in their need fled thither.  
Farther from us: Latium in Italy: whether Ebranke sent his 30. daughters.  
Athens in Greece, where Bladud was taught and schooled. For the travails of Brute before he came to us pertain not to us in respect of the places or otherwise. Till he was of our Commonwealth, he was not with us, but against us.    

THE GENEALOGY OR ISSVE OF CLOTO.  
CLoto Duk of Cornwall descending from Corin, Great Brutus' nephew began the second family of the Brutan kings, and begat Mulmucie,  
Mulmucie begat two sons of Conwen his wife, the first was Belin, the second was Brenne, a very personable man, yet he left no known seed behind him.  
Belin begat Gurguint.  
Gurguint begat Guintelin.  
Guintelin begat Sisill, the second of Martia his wife.  
Sisill begat Kymar the second.  
Kymar begat Elane.  
Elane begat Morind of his concubine Tanguestela.  
Morind begat 5. sons, the first Gorboman, the second Archigall, the third Elidure, the fourth Vigeny the fift Peridure, which died without any natural issue, only Elidure begat Gorboman the second.  
These are the 14. Generations of Cloto in the kingdom of Locry, which 14. only are well registered, and acknowledged as true heirs in the succession of the Brutan Crown. There are differences of Houses aswell for number as for time: but opinion destroyeth nature often, or else some families would last ever, the force of education is mighty.   

THE ARTS AND ACTS OF Cloto, and the Clotoans, are in their Virtues and Vices.  

Their virtue or justice appeareth in  
Dividing: Mulmucy of all the kings was first crowned with gold: he founded the Temple of Troynew. Belin the first brother possessed the first part, and Bren the second inherited the second: after that Bren fled out of this Island and left no children, Belin took his kingdom for his own. Elidure being a younger brother to Archigall, gave over the kingdom unto him, accounting it rightly Archigals good for his life time. Peridure after the death of his elder brother Vigeny took the kingdom into his hands, because Vigeny died without issue, and joined his own kingdom and this in one.  
Rewarding: Mulmucy made of his Temples privileged sanctuaries, that none should die or suffer any violence in them: his laws which he writ approve his righteousness. Belin repaired the old Cities which other kings had built aforetime: he offered sacrifices and gifts freely to the Gods, and most solemnly thanked them for the victory he got against Brenne and his Norway's. He ordained three archflamins in three Cities, he confirmed his father's laws. Martia was generally allowed for Ruler and king of the realm, even in the days of her husband and her son, because her gift in judgement was most singular, and unmacheable. Gorboman repaired all the Temples in his whole kingdom throughout. Elidure was chosen king three sundry times for his upright dealing in all cases. That constant virtue is happy that findeth her friends constant like herself.  
Punishing: Belin would not restore Brens' kingdom unto him, because he had lost it by falsehood, and in trial of war. Belin would not deliver Guilthdake the Danish intruder out of prison, and send him home to his kingdom in Denmark, until he had taken a most sure order for a yearly tribute in consideration of his present delivery to be paid to Belin and his heirs for ever. Gurguint, when the Dane denied his yearly tribute, plagued the Dane incessantly by fire and sword, till he agreed to pay him the yearly tribute, which was lawfully due to the king of Brutanie. Archigall was deprived of the kingdom by his subjects for his wicked life. When Morind had overthrown the Moors that invaded his land, he burned them before his face, because they had burnt in some parts of this Country. Hear we may well consider the justice of Heaven, which slew many of Brens' soldiers, and wounded him to death, when he had spoiled a Temple.   

Their Vice or Injustice appeared in  
Dividing: Archigall sought by all means, to advance base men and rude vassals, whom he favoured most, and to pull down the great and rich men, whom he liked not so much as them. Like will to like: tyranny respecteth only herself. Peredure and Vigeny envying the grace and glory of their brother Elidure, made war against him and took him prisoner, and kept him in hold while they lived, without any other reason, but the unreasonable power of forcible entry.  
Punishing: Kymar the second being hated of some ungracious and desperate subjects was slain by them most wrongfully: the more unhappy man he that could not foresee. Morind was of so violent and boisterous a nature, that whosoever offended him should surely die for his fault, though it were but a small trespass, because he was displeased. Every offence is not deadly: no man liveth without offences: but a Prince without patience doth ever most mischief.   

Their Virtue or fortitude, is seen in  
Peace at home: Mulmucy built Blackwell Hall and Malmesbury: he began to cut and lay out 4. Highways universal to this Land: he restored chivalry. Belin built those 4. ways, and finished them: he built a City and a Haven with fair gates in Troynew and a Tower. Guintelin built a City: Gorboman the first, built two Cities.  
Peace abroad: Bren built some Cities in Italy and repaired some.  
War at home: Mulmucy vanquished 4. great Dukes, which warred with him for the crown of this kingdom. Belin overthrew Brens' armies twice, he took Guilthdake prisoner, and those ships that were sent against the Land. Morind slew an Irish Sea Monster: he destroyed a Duke of the Moors and his men, that arrived in this Island to destroy it.  
War abroad: Belin and Bren sailed together with both their forces into Gallia and subdued it.  
Bren sought afterward new kingdoms abroad, he vanquished great parts of Italy, and sacked Rome itself: he got infinite spoils in Macedonia. Gurguint sailed into Denmark, and forced the king there in his own Land to yield unto him.  
Revenging: Bren gathered himself an Army in Norway, to recover his kingdom of Belin thereby. So he provided for himself afterward in Armoricke against Belin upon the same cause, and for the like purpose.   

Their Vice or extreme Fortitude is in  
Ambition: Bren arose with all his powers against Belin, to take from him his right Dominion, if he could. Vigeny and Peredure conspired against Elidure, and took his kingdom from him by open force.  
Rage: Bren threatened Belin with words of great defiance, if he had not his kingdom of him again. He spoiled the Temple of Macedonia in despite of all government.  
Pusillanimity: Elidure was content to be taken and prisoned, rather than give any cause of bloodshed among his people by means of war.   

Their Virtue or Prudence is set forth in  
writings: Mulmucy made many positive laws in his native language, and caused them to be published, that all men might read them for their direction and better advisement.  
Marcia a queen made many statutes, to teach the subjects aright and easy way of moral life. Right in respect of the crooked way, and easy in respect of the lose and careless way which breedeth sorrows.  
doings: Mulmucie favoured all learned men of all kinds, being minded to use every one in his mystery. Belin fortified the late kingdom of his brother, and now his own kingdom, with his own soldiers, and put out all Brens' men for his sake, and his own safety: he allowed his father's laws for his time, less any man should obiectively quarrel with him. Archigall seeing by daily experience, the daily miseries of a wicked and inconsiderate life, learned a new lesson, and led his life orderly ever after. Bren knowing his own bodily beauty applied himself to that vain, and got goodwill by marrying great women in foreign Lands, when he could not stay at home. Belin was more careful of his own land, then for outlandish goods, and returned from Gallia to Brutanie, where his greatest charge was.   

Their vice or folly is in  
Conceit or opinion: Mulmucy dedicated a Temple to Apollo, as if the dead man were wise and mighty.  
Ignorance: Elane ruled fond and unrulily.  
Presumption: Morind fought with a Sea monster, and made no man of his counsel herein.  
Improvidence: Kymar was slain by his enemies in time of hunting, where they took him alone at a dead vantage.  
The best Remedy against Folly's Wichery is, a trial of all causes, which belong to any effect. He that can follow this Rule infallibly, cannot be foiled in his Actions.   

Their Virtue or Temperance is known by  
Liberality: Mulmucy, accounting the City, and the Country two pillars of his kingdom, privileged the ways which went to Cities, and which were for ploughs, that the Citizens and husbandmen of the land might be loved the more, and better used for their immunities among themselves, and with soldiers. Bren gave much treasure to his Noble Lords in little Brutanie, to win their goodwill, and wage battle with their help against Belin. A man alone is but half himself.  
Marriage: Bren married the Duke Elfinges daughter in Norway: he married the duke's only daughter of little Brutany, and thereby was mighty in both places for favour and power: but I cannot tell certainly, what became of his first wife: he was an odd man of wit and practise.  
Concord: Conwen the mother of Belin, and Bren joined her two sons in one, yea even them two, which was somewhat strange: but what may not words do, if they be well tempered, and seasoned with true modesty? when they were ready with their armies to join in battle, insomuch that straightway they ruled their former rages, and went brotherly together against the common enemy. Gurguint lived peaceably: so did Guintelin: so did Sisill the second: so did Kymar the second: so did Gorboman the second. A sober heart maketh peace, a drunken head, strife.  
Mercy: Gurguint meeting with a Navy of 30. strange ships in the Scottish Seas, and seeing plainly their extreme need, and hearing withal their pitiful Supplication, gave them his goodwill to dwell in Ireland, and assured them of his good favour, so long as they lived well and neighbourly. Elidure for his notable mildness, and merciful nature was named Meek: he hearty lamented his brother Archigals poor and wretched estate, therefore he feigned himself sick, that by these means all his Noblemen, and Lords might come and visit him, and at their being with him, he sued to them, as it had been for his life, That he might resign his kingdom unto Archigall.   

Their Vice or Intemperance is known by  
Anger: Morind was outrageous always and intolerable in his heat.  
Malevolence: Archigall gave himself to breed quarrels chief against his Noblemen and richmen.  
Incontinency: Bren being wounded to death in a tempest sent from the clouds, slew himself in a desperate rage. Who can save him whom God hateth? It was wondrous, that the Heavens should fight for Apollo. I may think the Spirit of the Air was suffered, to play this part, to uphold Apollonisme.    

THE CHRONOLOGY OF Clotos' offspring.  
AFter the year of the worlds Creation, 3480. there was civil War continually in this Island for the space of 50. years: in which time vainglorious Xerxes was weakened of the Greeks', both by Sea and Land: then the 12. Tables of Laws were brought to Room: then Euripides was born: then Esdras began to restore the Temple at jerusalem.  
Mulmucy began in the year 3530. and reigned 40. years: in which time Bellum Peloponnesiacum began and ended: then Socrates died violently by poison & malice.  
Belin began in the year 3570. & reigned 26. years: in the first five years he and his brother Bren lived quietly together: in this time Room was taken of the Gauls: now Aristotle was borne, may the world be glad thereof?  
Gurguint began in the year 3596. and reigned 19 years: in this time Xenophons' greek History is ended: now Alexander the great is borne, to begin a piece of a new world.  
Guintelin began, 3615. and ruled 26. years: in which time Plato died, the more the pity: then Isocrates and Demosthenes played their parts with Philip: then the Greek Monarchy began to go on foot: hereabout Buchanan gins his Scottish kings, 330. years before Christ's Nativity.  
Sisill began, 3641. and ruled 7. years: in this time Alexander's kingdoms were divided between his worthies.  
Kymar the second began, 3648. and ruled 3. years: in this time Cassander restoreth the City Thebes the 20. year after Alexander destroyed it.  
Elane began, 3651. and reigned 9 years: in this time Seleucus began his reign in Syria, and Demetrius delivered Athens from the Macedonian yoke.  
Morind began 3660. and reigned 8. years: in this time Flavius a Secretary published the Civil Law, which the high Priest only knew aforetime.  
Gorboman began, 3668. and reigned 11. years: in which time Decius the son devoted himself to death for his Country Rome in the wars of the Samnites.  
Archigall began, 3679. and ruled 5. years: in this time the Consul T. Coruncanus began first to profess the Civil Law: now Pyrrhus the Epyrote made war with the Romans.  
Elidure began, 3684. and ruled 5. years: in this time Ptolomeus Philadelphus entertained many learned and wise men.  
Archigal began again, 3689. and ruled 10. years.  
Elidure began again, 3699. and ruled 2. years.  
Vigeny and Peredure began, 3701. and ruled 9 years: in this time the 70. translated the Bible into greek: in this time the first Punic war began: now Phalereus the Rhetorician, now Theocritus the Poet, now Euclides the Geometrician, now Aratus the Astrologian lived.  
Elidure began again, 3710. and reigned 4. years.  
Gorboman the second began in the year of the world, 3714. and reigned 10. years: in this time the people created T. Coruncanus the high Bishop in Room.  
Thus the Time of Clotoes' offspring seemeeh to end in the year of the word, 3724. and to have endured 194. years in the Rule of Brutany: a very little time of continuance for so many kings: but all plants have not root alike: some are rooted broadway, as Elms, and fall quickly: some are rooted downward, as Okes, and stand in the mids of the winds, even till the violent axe or very age overturn them.   

THE TOPOGRAPHY MENTIOned in Clotoes' Offspring.  

The places named are in the Island 

general 

Cambry, where Rudank ruled in the conflict of Mulmcy.  
Locry, where Pinnor ruled in that conflict. Belin and his successors ruled there. Vigeny ruled ther.  
Albany, where Statery was Ruler in that time of conflict. Bren and Peredure reigned there.  
Northumberland, there Yevan ruled in the time of the conflict: here Belin prepared an Army against Brens' coming.    
special, 

More burials, 

Mulmucy buried in Troynew Temple: so was Gurguint: Belin at Belins-gate: Guintelin in the Temple: Archigall at Grantam: Elidure at Caerleyl.    
Less, cities and the four highwaiss. etc. 

Warwick built by Guintelin: Cambridge & Grantam built by Gorboman: Caerusk built by Belin, here he ordained an archflamin. Troynew, where Belin consulted with his Lords and with Bren.         
Other places not so general are these: the Tower of Troynew built by Belin: there Elidure was imprisoned. Belins-gate built by Belin: Blackwell Hall, an Malmesbury, and Paul's founded by Mulmucy: Bristo by Bren: Calater a wood near Caerbranke, where Bren was discomfited in his first and second wars against Belin: there Elidure met Archigal. Caerbranke the place where Belin counseled with his Lords about Guilthdake: there he ordained an archflamin: there Elidure restored Archigall by the assent of his Lords.  

The places named out of the Island 

general 

Ireland: there Gurguint placed the 30. sail of ships that he met on the Sea.  
Orcades: there he met those ships wandering.  
Norway: Bren fled thither from Belin, and there he gathered his second army against him.  
Armorica or little Brutany, where Bren prepared his third Army.  
Denmark, from that country Guilthdake, came in arms against this Island. Gurguint sailed thither, to fight for his own goods.  
Gallia: there Bren ruled, & repaired some Cities.  
Italy: here Bren became most victorious.  
Macedony: here Bren spoiled himself & all. Mauritany: Morind overcame an Army of Moors, which came against this Island.    
special 

Room: here Bren made havoc of all.  
Capitol: Bren besieged it, and for one thousand pounds of gold, broke up and departed.  
Milan, Pavy, Bergomum, Comum, Brixia, Verona, Tridentum, Vincentia, and other Cities built or repaired by Bren the ravenous and magnificent Prince.       
Thus one Generation of men passeth, and another cometh, but the virtues of men are everlasting, yea & their bodies by traduction are immortal: So a virtuous man shall be a mortal God, if his mind or body have their issues.   

THE THIRD GENERATION or rather succession of Brutan Kings.  
THe death of Gorboman the second begat a politic body in this Island without an head. This Acephalia begat Unruliness in the lower parts.  
Unruliness begat Strife, among the Nobles and Commons,  
Strife begat Trouble on both parts.  
Trouble begat Weariness and Weakness,  
Weakness begat Desire of rest,  
Desire of rest begat Election, and  
Election begat Morgan, and made him Ruler.  
Morgan begat Goodwill in his subjects,  
Goodwill for his sake begat Emerian his brother, who died as the other did without issue, his death let Ambition a traitor out of prison,  
Ambition begat Sedition,  
Sedition begat Confusion,  
Confusion begat Unquietness,  
Unquietness begat Desire of order,  
Desire of order begat Deliberation, and  
Deliberation begat jual and made him king.  
The death of juall begat Emulation,  
Emulation begat Wit and Invention.  
Invention begat Friendship,  
Friendship begat Rimo, and made him Ruler. When he was dead his companion Geruncie was made king in respect of that familiarity which he had with Rimo. Then Cathel so handled his matters in pleasing the chief men by his liberal behaviour, that he reigned next and died. Then Coil overcame men's hearts with his virtuous activity, and was anointed king, and died: then Porrex the second wrought many good works, and was next king to him, and died.  
Then Cheryn fed all the mad fellows humours in the realm that he could hear of, and by voices got the kingdom.  
Cheryn begat a son, and called him Fulgentio, who died without issue: then Eldrid by fair and large promises got the Crown and died: then Androgy outwent him in all kinds of allurement, and succeeded him and begat Vrian that died without issue. Then Eliud by his mystical arts did extraordinary and admirable acts, and thereby was made king.  
After him Merian by inventing new practices for wars, and occupations was so honoured generally, that he was Ruler. Then Bladune arose from private deserts to public favours, and at length he was king: the same kind of nature begat Capene, and next him Ouine, and even such a pacificatory mind preferred Silly. After him Bledgabrede by his pleasant demeanour and merriments, pleased all the Nobles, and became their Ruler. Then Redargy arose next him in such a sort, and so did Samuly: But Penisell being unmachable in strength succeeded him: then Pirrhy for his strange swiftness, and incomparable dexterity in all feats of manhood, was ruler of his brethren. In those days public actions made kings.  
These are the 24. rulers, which succeeded Gorboman the second, & make a line of succession rather than of genealogy. Yet we may call this a politic generation rightly in the whole body of the realm, though it be not a natural generation in their own proper bodies from Morgan to Pirrhy. All men have not the gift of children: of all these Rulers here are but two sons, and their two fathers, the other seem to have left no seed behind them. Sometime the imperfection is in the wife, sometime in the husband: there are watery loins, and rotten thighs in both sexes. Some men are barren naturally, some are barren artificially, some are barren by old age, some make themselves barren with preternatural diet, some are made of other men by chirurgical incisions. Or if they had children and were not barren, the more unhappy they that could not continue as they began. Some families are taken away by sickness, some by wars, some by mischances in their diet and exercise, some are put from their own, and are ever in thraldom, and are never again heard of in the world. God almighty knoweth all things from the first to the last: but if a man should suck the stars, or be sucked himself as they say, of the king of Fairies, he should not find a perfit History of this time of these Kings. Yet such as it is, I believe, a reader may go farther and speed worse: the most morals the best History, but a man may insert physical observations upon occasion to good use and purpose, so long as History is an example of life in both ways of Action.   

THEIR ARTS AND ACTS are set down in their Virtues and Vices.  

Their Virtue or justice was approved in  
Dividing: Emerean succeeded Morgan, because he was his brother: for brethren are twigs of the same branch, fingers of one hand, parts of the same body. If one twig fall off, the sap of the tree must feed the other twig which standeth on. If some of the fingers be cut off, the veins must serve the fingers that remain: if one arm be rotten of, the other arm must be in stead of both arms. Fulgan succeeded his father Cherin, and Vrian his father Androgy. For the sons body is the father's body derived and continued: it is the old body made young again: the sons and father's body are as the same body of one tree in right length: the seeds of trees bring forth all their own kinds: in which respect Morind is a true king by Nature's law.  
Rewarding: jual among the Noblemen was chosen the king for his moderate virtues, and equal judgements that appeared ever in all his words and works. A rare instance of worthiness worthily considered, and may of itself deserve a Treatise to prove the Civility of old Brutanie, which many disgrace for malice, and more for ignorance, and most for company.   

Their virtue or prudence was showed  
In the art of Music: Bledgabrede both studied and practised music: he was very famous: and I think, in respect of his charge and government, very wonderful. A monastical liver, and much more an economical hath no parts of time for such young childish studies, if he look well about him: and how can a king that is the keeper of all other men have any time for such vain insignificant voices? Yet the circular wisdom of this king had such a capacity by some miraculous infusion from heaven, that he was fit both for the gravest and the lightest studies, either to learn them by contemplation, or to use and teach them by action. He saw by his instruments, how to tune and string his kingdom: he could prevent and pacify tumults with his music: he might perhaps allay the waves of the Sea, and break the thunders aloft with his divine melody: he could keep himself from weariness by his music: he could mitigate the violence of diseases with his sweet voices: music was his prosody, his pronunciation, his disposition, his instrument of instrument, and the life of his life.   

Their virtue or Temperance appeared in  
Behaviour: Coil lived all his time quietly without any war and tumult: A contented mind is not contentious. Porrex the 2. behaved himself, either fatherly toward his youngers, or brotherly toward his equals, or gently toward all men. By this mean he was more happy with the help of the Graces, than the first Porrex, whom the Furies destroyed. The Graces are moderate Virtues, the Furies are immoderate Vices.   

Their vice or Intemperance was in  
Diet: Cheryn was a drunkard, a cupleache, a bellygod, a water rat, he had been well used if he had been punished with abasement, and turned out of his throne into a wine-cellar, and of a winebibber, made a winedrawer.  
Manners: Vrian was nothing but a carnal man, his wit was carnal, his body was carnal his life was sensual, he was without any divine or human excellency. What should such a man have an excellent place in the commonwealth? why may the Heavenly Power abide so unholy a beast, to represent his invisible king in so holy a Seat as the imperial Seat of a Prince? a singular place, a singular incumbent.  
The other kings that are not once noted with any virtuous or vicious acts might as good have not been borne: they are certainly miserable men that leave no memorable act behind them: but are only named, as a man may give a name for distinctions sake to a tree, or a hill, or a house, or a field, or a stone, or any dead thing, without any father account, or regard of them. The greatest Name maketh and showeth the greatest man, the least name, the least man: the greatest name springeth from the greatest actions, it is not the number of Acts which beget a great Name. All goods that a man hath within and without him, all are given and lent him to do good: the Pillars of the life are Health, Wisdom and Riches, yet some men are famous for their sickness, folly and beggary: A memorable man even with these three plagues is happier than an obscure man with those three blessings: all the goods we have serve for the life, and yet the life consisteth not in the possessions which we have: Riches serve for Health, and Health serveth for Wisdom, and the actions which belong unto her, Wisdom serveth for life, and to keep us from the paths of destruction & death. Life serveth to get a Name by doing good. I would rejoice more in this, to have my name written in heaven, where it may ever be in sight and remembrance, then be all these 24. kings fortunati infoelices, whose renown is laid in Hell, and devoured of the Grave. A living Cynic, more happy than a dying Caesar. A living dog better than a dead Lyon. Yet let go vainglory and banish selfewill: A name without true virtue deserveth no memory: Many are recorded that are not worthy of a register: now there is no remedy: or else it might have probably been wished, that no object or vile examples of base men had been written. For my part, I cannot think, that so many kings could live and die without some glorious actions, howsoever mishap, or envy, or the Devil hath blotted them out from our eyesight.    

The Times of these Kings.  
MOrgan began to reign in the year of the world. 3724. and ruled 14. years: now the Panareton of Syracides was written, and then the Panareton of Brutanie fell into a dead sleep, wherein it lay still above 100 years.  
Emerian began in the year, 3738. and reigned seven years: now was Ennius the Poet borne: now Archimedes' the Mathematician lived with admiration.  
jual began, 3745. and reigned 20. years: now Naevius and Plautus flourished: now Hannibal began the second Punic war.  
Rimo began▪ 3765. and ruled 16. years: in this time Hannibal fled to Antiochus for succour.  
Geruncy began, 3781. and reigned 20. years: in this time Antiochus raged in jewry.  
Cathel began▪ 3801. and ruled 10. years: now the Macabees bestirred them like Bees: now Terence the Poet flourished.  
Coil began, 3811. and reigned 20. years: in this time the third Punic Wars began.  
Porrex the 2. began, 3831. and ruled 4. years: now the City of Numantia in Spain was razed.  
Cherin reigned one year: Fulgentio two years.  
Eldred ruled one year: Androgy one year.  
Vrian reigned 3. years: Eliud 5. years.  
Merian ruled two years: Bladune two years.  
Capen ruled 3. years: Ouine two years.  
Silly reigned 2. years, eleven kings in 24. years: About this time the Saducees and Pharisees began their sects in jewry: now the war of jurguth began and ended: now Tully was borne in the year of the world. 3859, an hundred and three years before Christ.  
Bledgabrede began, 3860. and reigned 20. years: in this time was Pompey borne into the world.  
Redargy began, 3880. and ruled 3. years: in this time was I. Caesar borne into the world.  
Samuly ruled two years? Penisell three years.  
Pirry reigned 2. years, four kings in 10. years, and ended in the year of the world, 3890: in which time Antony and Crassus the Orators of Room, and in Q.M. Scaevola the Lawyer lived:  
So these 24. kings continued 166. years in the Government of Brutanie.  
Hear is no Topography, here is no place named: they were now I may well say kings Abstracts: that they did it no where, either incomprehensibly like Gods, or metaphysically like strange men. The music of Bledgabred and the actions of the rest were, belike, in no place of any great account. Yet because they were kings and enjoyed their kingdoms, their dooms must needs be given somewhere, and their cunning must needs be showed in some place, and that was even the general Land of Brutany, without any particular nomination of less places. Right Sovereigns and perfect kings, whose Acts were universal & common to the whole realm, not appropriate or fancied to any one Region therein. If the head move and guide the body it doth more than if it move or guide one part thereof. A general praise is greatest, and this was these kings special glory above others, to rule all places, to rule the Land. The best use of one commendation or other is, to encounter some one dispraise or other that hath been or may be, but they that do all things well, have no need themselves of particular History. If Silly ruled 2. years, suppose in reason, he was no silly one. If the other kings were kings, that was all in all. A king cannot possibly be without his excellencies, and memorial.  
Now I divine modestly, here were actors without recorders of their actions, patrons of learning, but no learned men: or, they were of both sorts, but their studies came to no effect, by some force: or, they were very old when they came to the Crown, and could do nothing: or, the furies and hellhounds raged so extremely, that the Muses and Graces could not be quiet for them: or, their acts were wrought in needlework only, and so worn out: or, the senses, and senseless desires so ruled them, that their lives were not so short as their acts: or, the Histories were written in some strange kind of polygraphy and steganography, and could never yet be read, but remain in some obscure place: or, they made little account of writers, and these set as light by them: or, they that take most pains at their book, were not most regarded: and thereupon studied to themselves: or, some infortunate and malevolent configuration of movable skies and stars, and spirits removed all Histories out of the way: or, the Kings and People agreed among themselves, to be remembered by being not remembered, wishing to have their time called The vnknowe Regiment, adjudging secrecy greatest wisdom: or, our Countrymen listened so much after other Noble Actors in the earth, that they had no leisure, to do any thing themselves: or, they disdained to have them their judges after their death, whom they would scorn to have their judges in their life: or, some outlandish envy destroyed the rolls and registers of our Histories, to make us seem barbarous: or, the University men of Stamford had by some Privilege got them wives, and so forth: and had no leisure to do any thing but live: or, before the kings were crowned, they were worthy men, and after their coronations they fell to make books of nothing: or they could tell, how to get a Sovereignty, but they knew not, how to keep it: or, they writ their Chronicle hieroglyphically, and set the pictures of other creatures in the places of their kings, and by the ignorance of some careless men were esteemed as gays, and not otherwise regarded: or, it was not thus, or so: perhaps, neither this, nor that, but some other way, I cannot tell how, nor I care not greatly, for fear I may be thought neither idle, nor well occupied. Now, good Reader, albeit I join a moral genealogy with a natural, and seem to break the style of history, yet, because affections rule otherwhile as much as kings, I may truly say, my devise is allowable in itself. Where issue wanteth in the Prince, there the issue of the people is considered, seeing some Princes are begotten of the people, as some are of their parents: these are heirs by the law of particular nature, and they by the reason of universal nature and of grace. As for the other parts of this third Offspring, I hope, they are seemly and fit enough for this place. It is lawful to make the best use and most gain that we can honestly, of any thing that we read or write: probable additions, and reasonable collections are never amiss: it is better, of the two extremes, to make more than we need of our Countrymen, rather than make less of them then we should: superfluity is not best, nor scarcity: that history is most worth which doth a man most good.   

THE FOURTH GENEALOGY or issue of Capor.  
LAbour the son of Parsimony the daughter of Queen Temperance, made Capor a man of infinite wealth: then Order, the son of Reason, the daughter of the empress Truth, made him a man of greatest favour in this Land: by these two means joined with his royal blood, he became Ruler of Brutany, and begat Dinel,  
Dinel begat Hely,  
Hely begat three sons: the first Lud, the second Cassivelan, the third Stenny.  
Lud begat 2. sons: the first Androgy, the second Tenancy. Then came Death, and took away Lud and his brother Stenny, while his two sons were children, and Age made Cassivelan Ruler: then came Discontent and begat Rage in the mind of Androgy, that he went away: then arose Parentage, and created Tenancy for the king.  
Tenancy begat Cimbelin,  
Cimbelin begat 2. sons, the first Guinder, the second Aruirage: then came Deceit, and slew Guinder: then devise set forth Aruirage, and made him right king.  
Aruirage begat Marius of his wife Senissa, the daughter of Claudius the Emperor.  
Marius begat Coil the 2. Coil begat Lucy, which died without issue.  
These are the 11. heirs males and successors of Capor in his kingdom: for the Generation of Cassivelan, of Stenny, of Androgy and of Guinder, are unknown, the more is the pity, seeing they were very singular men in their kinds. Albranches of a tree prosper not, ever some are withered & rotten.   

The Arts and Acts of Capor, and the Caporites are seen by their Virtues and Vices.  

Their Virtue or justice is in  
Defending and regarding: Lud and Stenny were at great variance between themselves, because Lud would have the City of Troy new called Caerlud by his own name, but Stenny would have it keep the old name in honour of the predecessors, and Troyans' from whom he came. It is justice, both to respect our ancestors, and justice to consider our own glory: This were a pretty question for discourse, which name ought to take place, and stand in force, if it were well handled.  
Dividing and deposing: Cassivelan the 2. son of Hely, was the Protector and Governor of the Realm in the minority and nonage of Luds two sons, his two nephews. kingdoms are too heavy for children's shoulders. Cassivelan ordained a common sacrifice to God that gave him the victory against the Romans, and a public feast to his Nobles that helped him in the battles, & devised many pastimes, in honour of God and men.  
Tenancy was made king by the treasonable absence of his elder brother Androgy. Every one of these kings hath his right succession, except Cassivelan which usurpeth.  
Punishing and correcting: Cassivelan summoned Eueline to appear before him & the Council, to answer for the death of Hirelda. When he could not prevail with Androgy by fair means, he made war upon him, to plague him for his stubborness. Ought Androgy to be at his call? a disputable matter of great use. Nature preferreth the king's son to the Crown before the king's brother, but Policy preferred Cassivelan before Androgy, a good man before a bad.   

Their Vice or Injustice is in  
Dividing: Cassivelan appointed unto Androgy the eldest son of Lud the City of Caerlud, and the land of Kent, and to Tenancy the younger son the Land of Cornwall, and kept the kingdom from them, though they were his elder brothers true sons, and usurped it himself by force. He is not fit to be a Protector that is ambitious: it is a woeful thing, to be a child among our enemies, or amongst the envious sectaries.  
Revenging: Androgy being unable of himself to withstand Cassivelan sent letters to I. Caesar in Gallia, and certified him, that if he would come into Brutany he should be welcome: when he had gotten Caesar's Army to set upon Cassivelan in the valley of Dorobernia or Canterbury, and the fight had endured till both parts were almost weary, he came upon Cassivelan with a fresh reply, and put him to flight: and thus he displeased the whole realm to please himself, yet his own hurt was never the less for making the misery of his Country greater. But when Cassivelan thought to punish Androgy, he punished himself as much as him, he did even put fire to Brimstone, and flax to the flame. It was traitorously done of him, to war against his legitimate king, and of Androgy, to make his native Country subject to outlandish Powers.   

Their Virtue or Prudence is in  
Order: Cassivelan brought up Androgy and Tenancy, Prince's sons, princely in all points. Cassivelan considering, that the two victories which he had gotten of the Romans, concerned himself, and all his Noblemen most specially, caused an assembly of them to be made, that in a general meeting, there might be a general thanksgiving to God almighty, and to one another for their services and acts done in the Field. Nothing teacheth men more courage than a belief of heavenly assistance, with an honourable remembrance of their virtues: this way of harting men is chiefest.  
Desire of knowledge: Lucy seeking all means to make his people true and loving among themselves, and hearing that Christians were without hatred and falsehood, desired to hear their religion and receive their doctrine, and sent two Noble scholars, Eluane and Meduine to Eleuthery Bishop of Room with letters, desiring to be taught Christianity.  
Reformation: Lucy changed the three Archflamins, and the 28. Flamens into three Archbishops, and 28. Bishop's: he destroyed the Temple of Apollo in the isle Thorney, and made a Temple in honour of the Almighty God, which we now call Westminster.  
Discipline: Lucy seeing that men were executed for disobeying the law, because herein they disobeyed God, and that the king's pardon was not so much to be esteemed as a pardon from God, and perceiving the hearty and unfeigned repentance of some offenders, and knowing that God forgave such men, thought it no reason, that such Penitents should be put to death, but reserved to a better use: wherefore he ordained, that if any man did offend by mischance and repent him, or any one were oppressed, and could not otherwise escape oppression then by appealing to God's word, that such men should get them into the Temple of God, and there approve themselves to be true godly men, and so be safe both body and goods.   

Their vice or folly is in  
Permission: the Brutans forgetting the true title that Luds two sons had to the kingdom of their father, and feeling the liberal gifts of Cassivelan an usurper, suffered him to keep the Rule & Key of all the Land, and taught one another, to disinherit one another by causeless and deceitful popularity and flattery.  
Hatred: the Brutans could not agree upon a king, no not in fifteen years space when Lucy was dead, though every country must needs see one nearer the Crown then another, if they could advise themselves & mark every family in good manner. They could not foresee the miseries of foreign Dominion, they were blinded with malice, & selfewill among themselves.  
Improvidence: Cymbelin was brought up in Room, both in contempt of all his own country learning, & in slavery to outlandish with. Coil the second was brought up in Room, as if he were borne to serve Room, and not to serve Brutany. Of the two extremes, it is safer to have our men uplandish, then outlandish, plain then perilous.  
Deceit: the Brutans set great long sharp stakes closely in the banks where the Romans should arrive, and so troubled them extremely in their landing: a poor and pitiful invention to slay and Host.   

Their virtue or temperance, is in  
Behaviour: Lud was bountiful in housekeeping, and by that means beloved generally. Cimbelin with the moderate usage of himself, so pleased the Emperor, that he loved him greatly, and received many good words and gifts from him: if this were not intemperance, to please an enemy. Aruirage got into such favour with Claudius the Emperor, that he married his daughter Genissa: if this were not incontinence, to be linked with outlandish, that was mightier than himself. He was beloved of his subjects for his usage toward them in all cases.  
Marius was of honourable demeanour every way. He accepted the petition of the vanquished Pictes, he allotted to them the farthest part of Albany: afterward he gave himself to the wealth of the realm. Lucy was loved of all his subjects for his good life: his loins were in the clouds, and his seed among the stars: he had rather be a father in Morals, then in Naturals: such was his abstinence. It may be, Galaxias the milky & bright way in heaven was made in honour of such men as Lucy was, no meaner than a Saint.  
Marriage: the Brutans would not in any case join their daughters in wedlock with the Pictes, whom they knew to be barbarous Scythians by descent of bodies, and consent of minds, and very unfaithful.   

Their vice or intemperance is in  
Rashness: Hirelda and Eueline two knights in gaming fell to wrestling, and in heat fell to words, and in anger fell to blows, & in rage fell to wounds, and Hirelda was slain in the tumult that arose by these means. A gaming not so profitable as the death of a good knight is hurtful in a realm.  
Disobedience: Eueline being sent for by the Protector Cassivelan and the Council departed from the Court with Androgy his kinsman, and took no leave of them: Will is itself witless: a stomach without a heart, maketh a man a swine.  
Revenge: Aruirage used such means, that he got Hammon the Roman, who siue his brother Guinder guilefully, and when he had him in his hands he caused him to be cut in pieces, and threw him piece by piece into the Sea at Southampton, satisfying herein his insatiable anger for his brother's death and supposing vainly and madly, that he killed Hamon so many times as he had pieces of him.   

Their virtue or fortitude is in  
Glorious desire: Hely called the isle of Ely after his name, that he might be famous for ever. Marius' set up a coloss in remembrance of the victory he had of the Picts, with Marij Victoria graven in it: a warly Register.  
Magnificence: Lud repaired old Temples and Cities and built new. He made walls about Troynew, and called the West gate Ludgate in honour of his own name, and then dwelled most there because he had built most there. Aruirage road about the realm, to renew the decayed Cities which the Romans defaced: he built a Castle at Dover to strengthen that part of the Land against foreign Powers.  
Words: When the Romans thought to terrify the Brutans by their letters, these sent them word, that as they must, so they would defend their Country from all forces. Aruirage being for his Nobleness made the emperors son in law, and wishing to have a memorial of Claudius his queens and wives own father, called the City where he married Claudiocestria or Gloucester, the rather, to be free from tribute in respect of his wife, though he were free of himself by his virtue.  
Victories: Cassivelan made the Romans fly to their ships at their first battle, and at the second: beware the third.  
Deserts: Cymbelin in his youth led so manly a life in Room, that the Emperor Augustus made him a knight there in his order of knights.  
Exercise: Hirelda and Eueline two brave knights wrestled openly at the Feast which was made after the victories against the Romans.  
War: Guinder denied to pay tribute to the Romans, & chose rather to sight with them then yield otherwise. Aruirage did the like, and when they came against him; he made them fly from the southeast part of this Island to the south-west, there he drove them from Excester and Totnes, & within seven days made all well. Marius' stayed the fire and sword of the Picts in Albany and slew their armies.  
Devise: Aruirage seeing his brother Guinder dead, took on him presently his armour and Princely cognisance, that the Brutans might not suspect their king's death and be discomforted: then he continued the battle so steadfastly and hearty, that the Brutans were stirred up to fight valiantly by his lively example, till they overthrew the Romans.   

Their vice or extreme fortitude is in  
Bold rashness: Stenny Cassivelans' brother in the wars against the Romans can to I. Caesar and pulled his sword out of his hand, and slew Labienus a tribune of the Romans therewith, and was slain.  
Obscure glory: When Stenny was dead, he was buried at Caerlud: and the sword which he pulled from Caesar with his death's wound was buried with him, that it might be a remembrance of one venturous action even in a hole.  
Abasement: Cassivelan was tributary to Room nine years. Tenancy was too deligent in paying tribute to Rome, even 3000. pounds in gold. Cimbelin having choice to pay or not to pay tribute, forgot the slavery of the act and paid it. Aruirage was persuaded by his wife to pay tribute when he had resisted the Romans valiantly. He should have sent such a wife for the tribute unto Room from whence she came, and kept the money in his coffers for wars. Coil saw in his poorblind eyes, that it was best to yield to Room, and agreed to pay tribute. Androgy departed to Room with Caesar: a mad and fickle courage.    

THE TIMES OF THESE KINGS.  
CApor began his reign in the year of the world, 3894. and reigned two years: now Mithridates raised wars in Asia, and Lucullus was sent against him.  
Dinel began in the year, 3894. and rule 4. years: in this time Verres spoiled Sicilia three years together: now Vergill the Poet was borne.  
Hely began, 3898. and reigned one year: in this time Hortentius the Orator flourished in Room.  
Lud began, 3899. and rule 11. years: in this time the Poet Horace was borne, the conspiracy of Catiline was detected, jerusalem was taken of Pompey, Caesar entered the wars in Gallia.  
Cassivelan began, 3910. and rule 19 years: in this time M. Crassus spoiled the Temple of jerusalem, the civil wars began between Caesar and Pompey, Caesar corrected the Roman year, Ovid the Poet was borne.  
Tenancy began, 3929. and reigned 23. years: in this time Maecenas lived, the patron of Horace, Vergill, and other learned men, and governed Room and Italy in the absence of Caesar Augustus so named for that reverence was given him in a divine manner: now Vergill died.  
Cymbelin began, 3952. and reigned 35. years: now Horace died: the Angel Gabriel was sent to Zachary and Mary: Christ was borne the 13. year of his reign, Onid and Livy died.  
Guinder began, 3987. and ruled 28. years: now john-baptist preached and was slain, Christ taught the jews, Paul was converted, james was slain, Seneca was made Nero's teacher.  
Aruirage began, 4015. and ruled 30. years: in this time Paul did most of his Acts, james the less was stoned, 70000. Romans were slain of the Brutans. Paul was beheaded, Peter crucified, Seneca and Lucan bled to death.  
Marius began, 4045. and reigned 52. years: in this time john evangelist writ his Revelation, Plutark and Tacitus lived, Timothy was stoned, Dyonisius slain with the sword.  
Coil began, 4097. and reigned 54. years: now Ptolony and Galen lived, the Christians by their prayer got a strange victory of the Marcomanni, and obtained a mighty great reign from heaven: now Lent was appointed by Telesphorus.  
Lucy began; 4151. and ruled 12. years: in this time the Gospel was first preached in Brutany by Fugacius and Damianus: Commodus would be called Hercules and Deus, but was strangled of his own man in Vestilians house.  
So this Generation of Capor, and the 11. Caporites ended in the year of the world, 4163. and seem to have endured the times of 274. years in the kingdom of Brutanie.   

THE PLACES IN THIS HISTORY.  

The places are 

at home 

more universal 

Albany the Province of the Archbishop of Caerbrank or York,  
Cambry the Province of the Archbishop of Caerusk.  
Locry the Province of the Archbishop of Caerlud or London.    
less universal 

Kent, Cornewal.  
Westmaria named of Marius, the isle of Ely.    
more particular 

Ludgate: the Temple of Apollo: the banks where the Romans landed in Cassivelans' time: the Northgate of Caerlud where Stenny was buried: Hamon's haven: Dover Castle: the havens of Sandwich and Totnes.    
less particular 

Caerlud, there Tenancy and Cymbelin where buried.  
Dorobernia or Cantorbury: the valley there.  
Caerbrank, there Cassivelan and Coil were buried.  
Claudiocaer or Gloucester, there was Aruirage buried.  
Excester, the Town under the Wood  
Caerliel, there was Marius buried.      
abroad 

Gallia.  
Room.       
The reasonable metaphors of this fourth genealogy may well be allowed, because they stand upon reasonable causes. The morals which follow them might be more sententious and effectual by much then they are, if I might speak no more than good reasons fitly used: but all words are not fit personally which are most fit really, and so I let them go for this time, perhaps looking for a better convenience of time and place to utter them. The Synchronisme which followeth is right, if the chronology be right, which nevertheless agreeth with one writer, though it differeth from another: that is worth the labour which is material: the quantities of times teach us no qualities of good life: Mathematics have not the rules of moralities: the heart of histories is the actions of men: the life of the actions is the virtue of the actors. If the phrase be not exquisite, or the observation not singular, or the method not exact and perfect, it is but one part of an essay among the rest, it is but a trial of that may be done, it is but the token of a good mind to this business. Yet take me even as I am, and I know that my essay is not behind any other writer in this theme, whom I have seen for those uses, which are required in a History: even take me as ye find me, not as any momes feign upon me.   

The Genealogy of the Romanobrutans.  
BRutany by means of much trouble, bred doubtfulness in itself, and hereof grew Resistance, till Resolution held with Kindred, and took the son of a Brutan before the child of a Roman: thus Basianus Caracalla was for his good mother's sake made king, but his elder brother Geta was refused. Business sent Caracalla to his Roman Empire: Favour made Carasse the Viceroy for a time, and Flattery with Persuasion and Usurpation made him Ruler: War overthrew him: Victory created Alectus a Roman the king of Brutany: Displeasure pulled him down, and Comparison set up Asclepiodate, Duke of Cornwall: yet Coil the Earl of Colechester brought the people's goodwill into such a wheel, and so turned it to himselfeward, that he slew Asclepiodate, and was the third of that name king next him: then Fear amazed Coil, till Marriage joined Constantius a Roman Duke with his daughter Helen, the fairest maid alive: then Contentment settled them both in the kingdom, and Love brought them forth into the world Constantine the first, whom Excellency lifted up to the Roman Empire: but Agreement appointed Octavy Duke of Cambry the ruler of this Island: then Envy flew from Room, and brought Traherne on his wings against Octavy, and made him fly abroad for a time, but Strength and Hope carried him home again, and Providence counseled him to marry his daughter with Maximinian one of Helen's kindred, and him Conveyance made king against Conans mind: then Superiority removed Maximinian to Room, and Gracian by grace and desert supplied his room in Brutany: but Cruelty so alienated the people from him, that Force destroyed him as an ungracious Ruler: then ill Neighbourhood in Albany made the Brutans to seek upon Room, and Submission obtained help of the Romans two times, but variety of Wars made Room leave Brutany at this time, and good Neighbourhood in little Brutanie caused their king Aldroene to assist the great Brutans, but yet dangers held them without a Ruler many years.  
When Romans reign as much as Brutans, I must not make long account of them both, and in this respect I call them Romanobrutans or Brutanoromans, which you will: their Genealogy is so mingled and put together, that a Grammarian Doctor might make a great question of the name, and show much conceit. I had rather point at such slight and needless questions, then entreat of them more or less: and partly upon such a cause I contain Topography, at this time in the moral Tables of Virtues and Vices, and would choose to join the places with the actions hereafter, rather than divide them, and set them severally, as I did before with more reason than I can now. One day telleth an other, and one night certifieth another: new and old names are diversly considered.   

Their Arts and Acts are in their Virtues and Vices.  

Their Virtue or justice is in  
Dividing: the Brutans knowing, that Bassian the second son of Severus the Emperor was borne of a Brutan woman, and that the first son Geta was borne of a Roman, judged that a Brutan had more to do in Brutanie then a Roman: and therefore joined with Bassian against Geta and made him king, but Geta was slain: Consanguinity is more valuable than Primogeniture, the part then the adjunct, life then time.  
Correcting: the Brutans feeling, how Alectus brought in many exactions cruelly upon them, forsook him and chose Asclepiodate a Brutan for their king, and pursued the Romans from place to place, till they had slain their captain Alectus by Caerlud for his cruelty. Asclepiodate threw Livius Gallus a Roman captain into the Brook which ran from More-field into the Thames, and drowned him for his rebellion: in remembrance of this justice, he called the river Gal-brooke, or Walbrooke to this day, that other outlandish might ever learn, to be quiet with our Princes in their own Countries and Kingdoms.  
Obeying: the Brutans seeing, how Gracian held his Rule only by force of arms against all right and reason, arose against him, and slew the Roman by force, and rid himself from his enforcements. Conan Meriadock being commanded from Octavy his Prince, to be quiet, and not once seem to hinder the coming of Maximinian into this Land whom he sent for, obeyed his Princes rather than his own will, laid away his armour, suffered him to enter, and do even as Octavy would. What should a subject strive against his Sovereign? a stranger may come into the land if he be sent for.  
Rewarding: When Maximinian had overcome the Gauls in Armorica, the Brutans and Romans his soldiers proclaimed him Emperor in the field for his glorious Act. See what it is to please good subjects: A Princes chief treasure. Severus buried at Caerbrank, so was Constantius: Alectus in Caerlud, Coel at Colchester, Carasse in the field: Octavy in Caerusk: Asclepiodate where Coil slew him.   

Their vice or Injustice is in  
Persecuting: Maximinian living quietly and honourably, both because he was a chosen Prince, & married a Brutan kings daughter, was not content with the Brutans due reverence toward him, but he sought means to destroy them, yea the most honest and innocent men among them, even the good Christians which were like harmless lambs in the Land, whom he persecuted unrighteously upon the opinion of his own heathenish religion more than any right judgement. A true christian never deserveth death, he is so moderate and reasonable in all points, so that he is most unjust that will trouble such a man. He that aforetime was injurious to a Philosopher was accounted a tyrant, but he that tormenteth a true Christian, which is a true Philosopher, and a perfit wise man, is worthy to be judged a devil incarnate, a bloudsuccour, a monstrous man. Such a man was Maximinian, and may well be chronicled the king with the hellish heart and bloody hand.   

Their virtue or temperance is in  
Marriage: Helen the daughter of Coil the third married Constantius, a Roman by the agreement of the Brutans, not on her own head, less she should seem incontinent: she was but a part of her country, not above it, or out of it. Octavy married his daughter to Maximinian a Roman, by the consent of his Lords, less he should seem to make more of his own will then the benefit of all other men: a public matter must be allowed publicly of them whom it concerneth most. Dionote Duke of Cornwall sent his daughter Ursula and 11000. Virgins with her to Conan a Brutan the king of Armorica, that he should not join himself and his knights, and men with strange blood, but with very right Brutans.  
Conan desired this, and Dionote performed it, both constant and provident to avoid confusion of nations, which causeth all Tragedies and Rages in the end.  
Words and liberality: Constantius was a man of special affability, & familiarity with all his men, which property if he had not at Room, he learned in Brutanie, where the people are generally of freest hearts, farthest from bondage, and must be well used in speech, of all things: he was of a singular liberality, he cared more for his subjects goods than his own: his saying was, That wealth doth more good in many hands then in few or none, or in the Prince's Treasure house: a saying far enough from tyranny. Octavy so behaved himself toward the Brutans of all sorts in the time of his Royal Lievetenantship, that all men for the most part favoured, and furthered him greatly, even to the attainment of the kingdom itself: the chiefest wonders and noblest acts, and famous things have ever commonly begun and ended with the power of words: the ordering of words maketh a man above beasts, and that man a king of men that can order them best of all other. Maximinian gave the country of Armorica to Conan a Brutan, to hold it from him and his heirs for ever, and to content him for missing the kingdom of great Brutany: by this means they were good friends at the last, and forgot old enmities.  
Toleration: Constantine the son of Helen suffered the Brutans, to use their religion: he was no tyrant in forcing them against their consciences, as other had been, although he were a Pagan, because he desired chief to keep them in peace.  
See what a good mother doth otherwhile in time of need: I believe, Helen played the Princely Orator for Christians, and defended them before her son for good men and good subjects, and was their best friend in Brutany next the invisible and immortal defence that came from heaven, and bred a desire of peace in Constantine's mind, by besetting him with business on every side.   

Their vice or intemperance is in  
Flattery: Carasse being unable to overthrow the Picts, and loving them somewhat for helping him against the Romans, stood in a maze between hope and fear, and gave them a part of Albany for their possessions, that they might be quiet, and not stir up war against him: liberality or courtesy showed to a barbarous nature, is a weapon turned upon yourself: Boars and Bares cannot understand fair words and deeds: never hold up a candle to the devil.  
Rusticity: Constantius was of so vile provision in housekeeping, though he were a king, that on festival days he borrowed plate of his friends to furnish his tables and cupboards therewith: It is an unseemly thing for any man, to set forth himself with other men's goods: it is small credit for a scholar to seek credit by using that oration or sermon that is not his own: among all men a Prince must be sufficient of himself for all matters that pertain unto him, if he be deficient, his grace is lost, his majesty diminishyd, and he even rurified like a private subject. Let not the beasts eat man's flesh in any case, less they love it.   

Their virtue or prudence is in  
Discerning: Helen in her virginity was learned in all points of true moral wisdom: afterward, either by some divine inspiration, or by some human information at Jerusalem, she found the Cross whereon Christ was crucified, and the three nails wherewith he was nailed: they that seek in zeal shall find in joy. Constantine used to have the book of God, which is the Spirit and Rule of Regiment, carried before him wheresoever he want: he caused the Bible to be copied out, and sent into the parts of his kingdom: he saw by a vision a cross in heaven with these words upon it, In this sign is victory. Such are the heavenly fruits of a heavenly mind: so we shall reap ever as we sow.  
Providing: Octavy being restored to his kingdom, gathered together infinite riches, to be better able than he was aforetime, to wage war against the ambitious and laborious Romans: soldiers run to the greatest pay. He sent for Maximinian cousin german to Constantine the Emperor, and offered him his daughter in his life time, less he should be marred with ill Counsel, and married to another after his death, which he perceived to be at hand: guide them that cannot guide themselves. Maximinian made his son Victor fellow with the Emperor of Room, that he might strengthen himself on both sides, both at home and abroad: it is surer standing on two legs then on one: surer holding with two hands then with one.   

Their vice or imprudence is in  
Murder: An Earl of Brutany that favoured Octavy much, seeing how woefully he was fled into Norway for fear of Traherne and the Romans, which overcame him in Westmoreland, & considering in his hot wit, that Traherne being Helen's uncle and a Brutan, ought not to have done such wrong for the Romans sakes to the king of Brutany, but have rather fought for him, neither undermined him one way nor other, but with a butcherly wisdom laid violent hands upon him, and slew him, that Octavy might return safely into the realm again: Defect of invention turneth a man into a bloody beast.  
Improvidence: Maximinian gathered his riches so unavisedly, that with them he gathered the ilwill of the Brutans.  
To have is not the rule, but to get well: a man's glory is not in money, but the glory of money is in a man.   

Their virtue or fortitude is in  
Victories: Bassian and the Brutans slew Geta, and the Romans by night. Maximinian overran great parts of Gallia and Germania. Octavy overthrew Traherne and the Romans three legions near Winchester, and made them fly even into Albany, and pursued them into Westmoreland. Gracian being sent into the field from Maximinian, overcame Guany the Duke of the Huns, and Melga the Duke of the Pictes, and kept this Land from their furor by the help of the Brutans. Coil Earl of Colchester, which he built rose against Asclepiodate, and slew him and was made king.  
Battles: Bassian was able to endure all the pains of war: a right Emperor for the camp. The Brutans seeing the valiant wit of Carasse, made him their king in spite of the Romans, & rather than they would yield to Room they died in battle: Death is better than slavery among enemies. Constantine the first armed himself with the Brutans, and fought against Maxentius: did he not good among them to do them the more mischief, as the Philistines suspected David who was a true saint of God? Conan Meriadocke made war with Maximinian at divers times, because he was a Roman: O it is an hard bone to digest Rome which counteth all birds daws besides her own chickens: the man that hath another master beside himself in his own house is beside himself, or else I believe, he shallbe set beside his cushion at the last.  
Magnanimity: Maximinian called Armorica Little Brutany in honour of Brutans, because they conquered it: that a man winneth is his own: a man may call his own possession by what name it pleaseth him: new Lords will have new names for their new lands. Octavy being appointed king in the absence of Constantine, and hearing that Constantine was then made Emperor of Rome, thought verily, that he had enough to do in Room, though he meddled not with Brutany, and took the Crown to himself, and chased the Romans up and down in the land, and played Rex with them at all hands, to redeem his Country from thraldom as he counted it. Home is for the home-born.   

Their vice or extreme fortitude is in  
Ambition: Carasse a Brutan of low birth, of a high heart, but a venturous man, a very hardydardy in deed as ever lived, keeping the Havens, and playing the Sea captain, aspired to the kingdom and got it, both by greater promises than he could perperforme, and by gathering more bankrupts & ruffians to his side then he could keep, and contemning all noble and great men in the Land: there was but one way with him, and that was in his head only: all was one with him, so that one might be all: self-love was selfewill, and both were for himself.  
Abjection of mind: When Coil the third saw, that Constantius was come from Room with a great army, he feared and granted him tribute and peace, and every thing else, to be out of danger, yet the most danger and damage in granting these: A baby's wit in a king's estate. The Brutans being afflicted by the Picts two times promised the Romans a tribute to help them: then they submitted themselves to Aldroene of little Brutany, that he might secure them. O Heavens: where was old Brutanie now? where, but in the Sea as a dead sea Whale?    

THE TIMES OF THESE Romanobrutans.  
AFter there had been a king for 15. years space, (in which time Clemens Alexandrinus lived: the Prophets were translated into Greeke) Bassian began his Reign in the year of the world, 4179. and reigned 6. years: in this time Papinian the great Civilian Chancellor to Severus flourished.  
Carasse began in the year, 4185, and ruled 8. years: in this time Origen began to show himself: Tertullian flourished.  
Alectus began in the year, 4193. and reigned six years: about this time Zephirine changed the Communion cup into glass for more decency, which had been of wood commonly.  
Asclepiodate begins, 4199. and ruled 30. years: now Calistus appointed the 4. Ember weeks for the 4. quarters: Vrban ordained that divine vessels should be gold or silver.  
Coil the third began, 4238. and reigned 27. years: now Philip was the first christened Emperor: Cyprian was martyred. Decius the persecuter was swallowed of a quagmire: Paul the first Hermit lived.  
Constantius began, 4265. and ruled 30. years: in his time Eutychian bishop of Room buried 300. martyrs with his own hands: Carus the Emperor was killed with lightning: the City Spira in Germany was built.  
Constantine the first began, 4295. and reigned ten years: now 20000. Christians were burnt in a Church on Christmas day at night: Arnobius was famous.  
Octavy began, 4305. and ruled 54. years: now Silvester refused to wear a golden Crown, which great Constantine offered him: the great Nicene Council was held: Lactantius and Hilary were famous: Moonkes began in Antony the Hermit, and Nuns in Marcelia and Sophronia: Constantinople was built.  
Maximinian began in the year, 4359. and reigned 8. years: about this time Athanasius and Basilius flourished: the Thalmud of the jews was compiled by Rabbi johanan: julian the Apostata and Libanius raged.  
Gracian begins, 4367. and ruled 4. years: now Epiphanius wrote against heretics: Vphila found out the Goats' Letters, or a b c: about this time Gregory Nazianzene and Ambrose flourished.  
So the Government of these Brutanoromans continued for the space of 183. years: but here was no certain Ruler in Brutany for 36. years after.   

THE sixth GENEALOGY OF Brutan Kings.  
THe Brutans chose Constantine the second, the son of Aldroene king of little Brutany for their king, and he reigned over them and begat three sons, the first was Constancy, the second Aurely, the third Uter, but then Credulity slew him.  
Constancy the eldest son succeeded his father, but died without issue: for doltishness and Treason slew him, and Force lifted up Vortiger to the kingdom, but Self-will sharpened him so, that the people hated him, and by plain might created his son Vortimer their king: then Wichery pulled him down, and Insinuation restored Vortiger: yet Right and Vengeance at last destroyed him: then Common Consent made Aurely the second son of Constantine the second a king, but the devils Art slew him, and he died without issue: so Uter the third son of Constantine succeeded him in the kingdom, and begat upon Igerne his wife, or rather concubine Arthur the king, who reigned and left no seed behind him: then Constantine the third, the son of Cador a Cornish Duke Arthur's cousin was made king, but lasted not, for Conan his kinsman slew him and became king, & begat Vortipory, who lived and died without issue: then Malgo the nephew of Conan reigned as king: he was of stature and parsonage the goodliest among all men of his time, but left no Royal seed behind him: thus Carency got the kingdom by the goodwill of Brutans, and lost it by his quarrelous nature: so Cadwan was chosen king, and he begat Cadwallin the king, who died and left no seed behind him: then Cadwallader by his Nobleness and manhood together obtained the Crown and died without issue, and was the last king of the Brutans in the seat of Locrine. But, who can tell the genealogies of Camber? how happy is he in his dwelling places, which no man taketh from him? His loins are like a springing well: he runneth within his banks, and is not stopped: surely his River is one of God's Rivers: his Hills are the mountains of Safety. Locrine lay more open to the winds than Camber: his branches are dried up with the North-east winds, and the boisterous storms have broken them, but Camber had the favourable Westwindes ever in his borders. The waters of Camber grow full of soothsaying reeds, the pens of Writers have set him in more honour than his brethren, he alone upholdeth his father's house. The great God of the world keep him evermore with his invincible right hand and stretched out arm, make his naule whole, and fill his bones with marrow and heat, give him plenty of the fruits of the earth, and increase his cattle without number: lead forth his sons in Triumphs and his daughters to the marriages of the mightiest, make him blessed among all the nations of men, and raise up the meanest of his people to renown and glory: exalt thy friends and convert thy foes, fill thy coasts with all earthly and heavenly joys that be or may be.   

THEIR ARTS AND ACTS are in their Virtues and Vices.  

Their virtue or prudence is in  
Discipline: When Constantine the second saw, that his eldest son Constancy was slow of wit, and given to be solitary, he made him a monk in the Abbey of Saint Swithune in Caerguent, and committed his other two sons to Guetheline Archbishop of Caerlud to be taught. If children be set into that way which they have most mind unto, they will prove best in that way. A young Prince cannot be brought up better under any, then under a reverend & Princely churchman, seeing they are both pastors of the people, and bishops of men.  
Providence: the two sons of Constantine being unable to get the Crown by might of arms, and fearing, that treason should be wrought against them as it was against their eldest brother, looked to the safety of their lives, and fled into little Brutanie. If we cannot do that is right and due, the best way is to save the principal that is most worth. It is no shame to fly, when resisting is wilful death. Brucivall saved 50. monks of Bangor by flying from Ethelfride duke of Northumbeland, when 1200. had been slain by him. The Bishops of Caerlud and Caerbranke in Carencies time fled to Rome for fear of the cruel Saxons, and dealt so wisely with Pope Gregory, that they were saved from bloody hands.  
Doctrine: Aurely desiring to teach the Brutans, to beware of outlandish friendship, which had in his days so entrapped and infected them, caused Merlin by his Art Sovereign, to fetch the great stones out of Ireland, which are now upon Salisbury plain, and set them near the place where Hengist and the Saxons against their Oath did murder hundreds of the best Brutans with knives secretly provided for the purpose, and took Vortiger their king prisoner, and ransomed him at their pleasure, That when they should see those stones or hear of them, they might remember the stony hearts of outlandish friends, the hypocrisy of Saxons, the untruth of strangers, and either appoint them true overseers, or else away with them out of the Land.  
Government: Uter after his brother Aurelius death ruled the Realm so orderly and circumspectly, both in respect of treacherous flatteries, and trusty friendship, and all matters both common and extraordinary, that he was surnamed Pendragon, A Prince as mighty and subtle among men, as the Dragon is among the beasts of the field. A good name is a treasure, but why do men commend a man, which ought to be the phrase only of dispraise? He that can shut his hands from strangers, as Uter did, shall prevent many woes. Arthur disposed all things in order, sailed into Gallia, left his nephew Mordred for king, and wrought great miracles abroad. It had been more wisdom, to have wrought them at home, if they were good, to do his own people good: or if they were deceits, to have practised them privily, that his name might not be blotted and diminished.   

Their vice or imprudence is in  
Credulity: Constantine the second favoured a Pict so much, that he might have access to him at all times, even into his bed chamber, though he had been the greatest enemy that the Picts had in Brutanie many years: this Pict knew it too well, and waited his time: and at last took him alone, and slew him in his bed chamber. Strangers cannot be true friends, if they and we have at any time been at odds. Thy desire to pleasure us with their service, to serve us such a turn, as the Fox doth the simple Kid or Lamb. Vortiger entertained Hengist the second time for this daughter's sake, that is one foe for another foe's sake: he never imagined, that Hengist was his foe, though Vortimer his son had chafed him, and chased him out of the land: he met him on Salisbury plain, to entreat of peace that should be between them, & came peaceably with his men, as the agreement was, without weapons, but presuming childishly, that all was well, when nothing could possibly be safe in any reason: he searched not Hengistes' company, to see if they carried any weapons under their long gowns, and by this babish credulity spoiled himself of his liberty, and 460. noblemen Brutans of their lives.  
When Aurely lay sick in his bed, his friends that were about him, being as sick in their wits as he was in his body, suffered a Saxon to be his Physician, & to minister unto him, till he poisoned him. If the Brutans knew not, that he was a Saxon, they were unreasonable to take they knew not whom, if they knew him, and yet trusted in his help, they were senseless and utterly out of their wits. Cadwallin joined in friendship with Penda a Saxon, but afterward he never thrived in any wars which he took in hand as he did aforetime: he that could not see, that the Saxon would only undermine him, was unwise: he that would trust him at all, was not wise, seeing he might live well enough without his help.  
Dissimulation: Vortiger Duke of Cornwall provided king Constance the Sheep a guard of 100 Wolves or Picts, and then used all means to please them with words and gifts: when he had made them drunken, he complained to them of his poverty even with tears: anon they devised such an help for him as they could, he so pierced their headless hearts, and heartless heads, that assoon as he was gone from them in sorrow, they followed him with the head of Constance: he lamented for joy of his death, and less he might be suspected of the fact, he caused the 100 Picts to be executed after the law, and of all men was most against them, yet so, that some men perceived his shites. He that hath any lawful title in any possession is wisest, if he seek it lawfully, or else, he may be put justly from his own. The Duke of Cornwall had more right to the Crown then the Duke's son of little Brutanie, but was it not extreme folly to challenge it in so villainous a manner? and was not Constance a most improvident creature, to be guarded with them which scarcely regarded him so much as a countryman doth his beast? Surely God was angry with Brutans, when he suffered their Rulers to live so rudely without the Rule of wisdom. O ye Heavens bless ye our Nobles, and all other Regent's on the earth, or else they will be without Regiment in their lives and end basely with vile death. Constance had been fit to be a poor man's Sow in a sty, which is content with any usage, so the trough be full and the bones at rest: lay a log into a cloister, and it will come out all worm eaten, and fit only to be burnt.   

Their virtue of fortitude is in  
Magnificence and Magnanimity: When Vortimer saw that he must die, he called his soldiers before him, and gave all that he had among them, and exhorted them, ever to hold their own against the Saxons, and all foreign enemies. A true heart is virtuous to the last gasp. Ambrius built the Abbey of Amsbruy, Arthur built the castle of Windsor, and founded the order of knights of the round table: Artgall the first Ear of Warwick, one of Arthur's knights chose a Bear for his beast, because Arthur in that language signified a Bear, in remembrance of his name among all his posterity. Quicheline gave seven miles compass of land to Berine Bishop of Winchester, to build his See there, and Kenwalke his son finished it. Saint Osuald gave his daughter Elfleda xii. Lordships, to build xii. Monasteries with them, vi. in Bernicia, and vi. in Deyra. When Cadwallader had conquered the Saxons in Kent, and in the isle of Might, he gave the fourth part of the isle, that is, 300. households to Wilfride in honour of religion and of his own name.  
Victories: Edolf Earl of Chester seeing how Hengist slew the Brutans with secret knives, got him to a hedge, and defended himself with a stake, and slew of the Saxons 70. men and escaped.  
Vortimer the son of Vortiger hated the Saxons more than his father loved them: he pursued them and gave them battle at the river of Darwent, and overthrew them, at Epyford he overcame them, he chased them by the sea side into the isle of Might, he vanquished them at Cole More, he turmoiled them in Norfolk, in Essex, in Kent, he put them out of their possessions, he drove them to the isle of Tenet, there he besieged them by water and by land, and never left them till they fled out of the land. Aurely with the aid of the king of little Brutany took Caerbranke from Octa and took him prisoner: he sought with Hengist at Crekinford, and slew 4000 soldiers and 4. Dukes of the Saxons: he drove them out of Locry every where, except Kent: he quitted himself from Ella and Porth, two mighty Saxons. Uter in the time of his brother's sickness put to flight Pascenty the son of Vortiger with his army of Germans, and afterward slew him, and Guillioman the Irish Prince at S. David's in Cambry, and Cossa and Octa the Saxons. Arthur fought 12. battles with the Saxons, and every time overthrew them: he made them pay him tribute: when he was in Gallia, and heard of Mordred's treason, he returned and fought with him at Sandwich and overcame him, and again he overthrew him at Winchester, and at bath he slew him. Constantine the third vanquished the two sons of Mordred and put them to flight when they rose against him and challenged the Crown by their father's title. Vortipory the son of Conan discomfited the Saxons in many battles and got the upper hand of them always. Malgo subdued the Saxons in all his wars, he conquered Ireland, Scotland, Iseland, Norway, Denmark, the Orcadeses, and possessed them. Arthur slew in one day an hundred and forty Saxons with his own hand. Cadwallader slew Lothary Prince of Kent, and Athelwald king of Southsex, and possessed those lands. Cadwallin drove the Saxons all along to Middlesex and made Penda pay him tribute. Now armies stay in Saxony, and papermen fly from those coasts: these do more harm in many places then those old armies did: these will be sauced as they were, and hunted out of the land by order of discipline: none so busy as they, and yet none more slight than they: there is an Arthur in paper-worke against their invasions, which may in all right and equity give them twelve disgraces at the least, and perhaps twelve times twelve: let the trial prove all, or let that labour be lost, if they can recover there 12 losses of this new Arthur.   

Their vice or extreme fortitude is in  
Ambition: Vortiger took Constance out of a Monastery to be king, that he might do what he list in the kingdom under such an innocent and milksop, and make his simplicity a means for himself to get the Crown, as it proved afterward. Mordred Arthur's kinsman being appointed Vicegerent in his royalty, gave great gifts and castles more than his own to Cerdrick a Saxon, and agreed with him to be crowned at Winchester with his goodwill, so that himself might be crowned at Caerlud by his liking. The two sons of Mordred the usurper rebelled against Constantine the third for the kingdom and lost it. No right or truth can stay an aspiring humour.  
Pusillanimity: Arthur gave two Shires to Cerdrick Duke of the Westsaxons, to the end he might be quiet: those two shires could do Brutans' more good than Arthur's peregrination: an enemy must not give or take any thing, but win all by might or sleight. When Cadwallader had reigned 12. years, he forsook all his princely attire, and went to Room, and led a monastical life ever after: he preferred rest before riches, the hood above the Crown.  
Rage or cruelty: The Pictes to please their captain Vortiger slew Constance their king, and presented his head to Vortiger, imagining they had done the best act that could be, to redress his poor estate, whereof he had complained to them. Renown the daughter of Hengist, the concubine of Vortiger, seeing what Vortimer had done in spite of the Saxons her countrymen and friends, how he had taken away their possessions, how he re-edified Churches which they destroyed, how he was like to destroy them all, if he lived a while, sought out witches and magicians, to charm or charactize him to death by some practice, but when they could not work upon him, she insinuated herself to one of his nearest men, and so corrupted his mind and sense with words & gifts, that he consented to poison his Lord, and so he did. Conan loved quarrellours above other men, he made away his own uncle that should have been king, and slew his two sons. Ethelfride Duke of Northumberland massacred 1200. monks of Bangor in a beastly immanity, to please Ethelbert king of Kent, which had offered prayers to God against him. Carencie was so given to civil wars, that he loved them above all other acts, whereby he fell into such hatred, that he was not able to stand against the Saxons. Out of all question, it is extreme madness, to admit any strangers into our country, that are either more military or more politic than the commonalty, unless it be for a time, and then away with them, or they be kept in their bounds with certain company, and neither see nor hear more than belongeth to strangers: what should strangers but be used strangely? they pretend poverty, but they intent to weaken our land: they fly for religion, but they foster heresies: draff is their errand, but drink they would: either they are devils in their own likeness: or else they are Angels with the entrails of Devils: foolish pity destroyeth the City: provide for the weakest, the strongest can save itself: the malignant hand will spoil the impotent people, when it cannot spill the blood of Nobles: but if Hares worry Hounds, and Hearts be wounded of Ferrets, then is the world turned upside down, the Hunters are vile keepers, and the keepers are vilest men: Let Brutans be fed and taught as is meet for them, and let my life go, if they make not their enemies round about them like Hares and Ferrets, which ever avoid the presence of men.   

Their virtue or temperance is in  
Life and manners: the Clergy in the time of Cadwallin behaved themselves so soberly and fatherly in all points, that they were honoured of most men, insomuch, that as they went too and fro in the streets and other places, the people would kneel down to them, and ask them their blessing, and gave them whatsoever they demanded.  
Words: Berine Bishop of Dorchester converted Kingelist the king of the Westsaxons, and christened him, which he could never have done without most temperate and well seasoned speech: by the like moderation Pauline converted Edwine king of Northumberland to the christian faith. Melite Bishop of Caerlud converted Sebert king of Essex to Christian religion. The Clergy of Kent dealt so with their king Ercombert, that he pulled down the Temples of his false Gods, and kept the Lent fast, and became a Christian. When the Brutan Bishops saw, that Austin took upon him as their sovereign, they would not resist him presently, but stayed a while, to see his life and behaviour, and then to use them thereafter, either friendly or adversly.  
Liberality: When Ethelfride had put away his wife being great with child, Cadwan received her into his Court, and kept her honourably till she was delivered, and so long after as she would. Osuald Duke of Bernicia liked so well of Cedda Bishop of Winchester, that he gave him land to build and Abbey thereon. The more is given for the promotion of God's Majesty, the more he giveth to our benefit.   

Their vice or intemperance is in  
Love: When Ronowen had saluted Vortiger with a golden cup of wine, and desired him to drink of it, he beheld her beauty, and was presently so enamoured of her, that he could not be quiet, till he had put away his own wife, by whom he had three sons and married her, and for her sake loved Saxons more than Brutans': he lay with his own daughter to have issue of her, but in vain. Uter fell in love with Igerne the wife of Gorleis' Duke of Cornwall, and slew him at his castle Tintagel, and took her to wife. Malgo fell into the sin of Sodom, and lost all that he had gotten aforetime: let not sense rule reason.  
Liberality: Vortiger entertained Hengist, and Horsus with their three ships, he gave them the hire of soldiers, he bestowed the isle of Tenet upon them: he granted Hengist so much ground as he could compass with a bulls hide: he took away the Earldom of Kent from Garangon, and gave it him.  
Anger: Constantine the third siue one of Mordred's sons for rebelling against him even in the Minster of Winchester: the other for the same cause in the temple at Caerlud. Dionote Abbot of Bangor would not yield to Austin, because he was of another Province, neither would he preach to the Saxons, because they spoiled the land, do Ethelbert king of Kent what he could unto him.   

The virtue or justice is in  
Rewarding: Constantine the second received the crown and rule of Brutanie by a covenant that he made with the Brutans, when he delivered them from the tyranny of the Picts. When Aurely remembered, how fast the Brutans resorted unto him, and Uter at their landing at Totnes, and how truly they served him in his wars, did them one good turn for another, and repaired their temples and houses, which the Saxons destroyed, and restored their religion to them again.  
dividing: In the time of Carency it was determined at Worcester by a Council of the chiefest men, That the goods of the Church should be bestowed on the Bishops, their Clergy, the Churches the poor people, and then Gregory the great, appointed the two Archbishops of Brutany at Caerbrank, and Caerkent. The Archbishop of S. David's had under t'him these 7. Bishops. Hereford, Cardiff, Landaff, Bangor, S. Asaph, Worcester, Morgan.  
Punishing: The Pictes to revenge the death of the 100 Picts that guarded Constance, made war against Vortiger: the friends of Constance devised to overthrow him for the death of their Prince: thus he was tossed up and down the land, that he could not be safe. The Brutans seeing Vortigers extreme affection toward the Saxons, deposed him: when he was taken prisoner by Hengist, they forsook him: Aurely and Uter burned him to ashes in his Castle. The Bishops refused Austin by the advise of an old Anchorite, who judged him no man of God which used his brethren like his servants. Cadwan slew Edwine and Osric and Eufricke Saxon kings for the blood of the Brutans which they had poured out like water on every side of the Realm.  
Burials: Vortimer was buried solemnly at Caerlud. Aurely & Uter were buried at Stoneheng in Salisbury plain. Arthur was buried in the valley of Glascenbury. Constantine the third at Stoneheng. Vortipory, Vortiger, Malgo, and Carency were not orderly buried for their vile lives. Cadwan died in war, and was buried accordingly. Constance deserved his fair burial.   

Their vice or injustice is in  
Covetousness: Vortiger forgetting his loyalty to his Prince abused him intolerably, and got him by his own consent the strongest Castles, and best treasure that he had: he ever defended the 100 Pictes what naughtiness soever they committed in the Court.  
Unthankfulness: the Brutans being desired by Vortimer on his death bed, to bury his body at the haven where the Saxons used to land, in a sepulchre of brass spire like, to put them in fear with the remembrance of him and his acts, either neglected his will or forgot it. O unjust men that take such a farewell of their friends. Uter died by force of poison at Verulam in Hertfordshire near S. Albon. Constantine and Constance, the father and his son were not buried after the manner of Princes.  
I have not that peculiar regard of places now, which I had before, partly by reason of forenamed causes, and partly in that they are sufficiently set forth in these moral tables. I desire herein and ever a quiet judgement, and then I doubt not of any censurer, but he will speak fairly. Yet I must leave every man to himself, to do as he is caused in his deliberative and considerate insight. If I omit some histories of Saxons, I do but my duty: what have I to do with them, unless it were to make them tributary to Brutans? otherwise, let their own men commend them if they will, I own them no service by writing or speaking. Yet I have named some of the Saxons, though I do it more for their sakes with whom they dwelled, then for any merit of their own. Let them lie in dead forgetfulness like stones, that have desired, or do desire the trouble of Brutanie: let their names be clean put out, and not come among the righteous. When men play the parts of beasts, let them go among the numbers of cattle in Zoography and keep their fit place. An ape must not come among Churchmen, Serpents must not dwell in chambers of Counsel, makebates are not in case to converse in the dwellings of peaceable Lords, who can abide, to have a deformed mocker with his distorted mouths, a venomous hisser with his noisome breath, a railing stage player with his trifling actions for his companion? Arise ye sons of Ebranke, and ye kinsmen of true ancient Brutans, and make those stonehearted creatures know, that they are made to be your servants and drudges: let not any double forked tongue persuade you, that Brutanie is under any part of the earth.    

THE TIMES OF THESE KINGS.  
Between the death of Gracian, and the reign of Constantine the second, were about 36. years passed over in Brutanie without a Ruler. In this time Theodosius was excommunicated by Ambrose for murder: Jerome and Austin and Gouldmouth flourished: Claudian the Poet was famous: Siricius Bishop of Room forbade Priests to marry.  
Constantine the second began to reign in the year of the world, 4407. and reigned ten years: in this time the Goths and Huns invaded Italy, and possessed it: the Vandals entered into Spain and spoilt it: the first Council was set against Pelagius the heretic a Brutan.  
Constancy began in the year 4417. & ruled 5. years. In this time Jerome died: S. Alban was martyred at Moguntia: Saluian the teacher of Bishops flourished in Massilia: Burgundians were converted to christian religion.  
Vortiger began to rule, 4422. and ruled 16. years: Then Vortimer began 4438. and ruled 7. years. In this time Austin died: Cyrill, S. Patrick and Cassian flourished: Theodosius founded a general School at Bononia: Attila with 500000. soldiers spoiled the Romans horribly, and all parts where he went. Clodove the first famous king of France lived.  
Vortiger began to rule again, 4445. & ruled 9 years:  
Aurely began, 4454. and reigned 19 years: in this time Genserick with the Vandals subdued Room: the Venetians began to dwell in their islands where they dwell now: Mamertus a Bishop invented Litanies: Hilary of Room adorned Churches with gold & silver.  
Uter began, 4473. and ruled 16. years: in this time Honorick the son of Genserick banished 334. Bishops and Priests out of Africa, and slew many thousand christians, but at last he was eaten up of worms: Fulgentius the Bishop of Hispalis flourished: Theodoricke the king of Goths did many noble and virtuous acts in Italy, and builded decayed places.  
Arthur began 4489. and reigned 26. years: in which time S. Patrick died in Scotland being 62. years old: Theodorick would not suffer the Romans to practise any feats of war, or to have any weapons, for fear they should rebel: Cassiodore of a Senator became a monk.  
Constantine the third, began, 4515. and ruled 3. years: at this time Gildas the Brutan lived, surnamed Sapiens, Boethius the Christian Philosopher lived and was martyred.  
Conan began 4518. and reigned 3. years: in this time Symmachus the Roman prelate took upon him to be supreme ruler and judge of all Counsels in Christendom.  
Vortipory began 4521. and ruled 4. years: now Clodove the French king vowed christianisme and was baptized: Olympius an Arrian, for blaspheming the Trinity was slain with lightning from heaven.  
Malgo began, 4525. and reigned 35. years: now justinus the Emperor was first crowned by the Roman Bishop: justinianus made the Codex of the civil law: Tribonianus disposed the Digests of the same law: S. Benedict and his sister Scholastica wrought wonders. Priscian lived.  
Carency began, 4560. and ruled 3. years: but after his death the Brutans had no king for 24. years space, till Cadwan was made king: now Totilas the tyrant of the Goths raged in Italy, and Narses sent from the Emperor slew him: the nation of the Huns was almost utterly extinguished in Greece, by the Emperor: Armenij received Christian faith.  
Cadwan began 4587. and reigned 22. years: in this time S. Brigit the Scot was famous: Gregory of Room called himself Servant of Servants: the Latin tongue was not used in Room, because all men conversed there.  
Cadwallin began 4609. and ruled 48. years: now Heraclius slew Phocas and got the Empire, and married his sister's daughter: the Arabians received the law of Mahomet, and were called Saracens: Isidore Bishop of Hispalis lived: Sabinianus Bishop of Room appointed bells to distinguish the times of the day: Honorius spoilt the Temple of Romulus to build the Temple of Saint Peter.  
Cadwallader began 4657. and ruled 12. years: in this time the Saracens got great part of afric. Martin of Room constituted that his Clergy should vow chastity, or lose their livings.  
Thus these kings reigned 238: years. I omit the interraignes, before Constantine the second, and Cadwan: one was 36. years, the other 24. years.    

THREE SUPPOSES OF A STVdent concerning History.  

The first Suppose.  
A Nobleman or Captain of men despiseth common matters in his own person: he desireth to find in himself the commendable singularities of singular men in all ages: he would be loquent as Mithridates, that could speak 22. languages: he would be eloquent as Orpheus, that could persuade the Devils and men as he listed: he would be logical as Ramus, that could judge every man's writings and not be deluded by any writer: he would be arithmetical as Pythagoras that was admirable by the knowledge of Numbers: he would be geometrical as Arithimedes that compassed many great matters by the mystery of proportions: he would be astrological in all questions, as Stoflerinus was in one, who foresaw and foretold the fall of monasteries: he would be effectually musical, as Timotheus that could either inflame, or quench Alexander's spirits with his melody: in a word, he would be a right noble Artist in all these seven Arts, or in some of them.  
Now I am sure, that all the historical Records, which I have yet seen, and I believe are commonly to be seen of Mithridates, Orpheus, Ramus, Pythagoras, Arthimedes, Stoflerinus and Timotheus, are not able by the hundred part to make any student as renowned an Artist as they were, though the be read and perused most exquisitely.  
Another Nobleman or Captain of men, desireth to be Honourable by Navigation as Vespusius was: delighteth to search the secrets of warfare as Hannibal did: wisheth to rise from an obscure Country life, to a Princely seat as Numa did: could be glad of such a medicinal faculty as Aesculapius had in raising a dead man to life: he wisheth to himself the spirit of Moses in making laws and working miracles: in a word, He studieth to purchase himself a glorious Name, both for his life time, and after his death, as these men have done aforetime.  
Now I dare say upon sufficient reading, that the Histories which are written of Vespusius, Hannibal, Numa, Aesculapius and Moses, are not able to beget such a man, as every of them was in his kind, neither can the causes that served them, according to their registers, serve other men for effecting of like actions.  
I cannot of a Man be made a Bee, and gather honey out of all sweet flowers and herbs, but if God will I may be a Collector of the wisdom of all ancient books, & make Ambrosia rather than honey out of them. I have need of these men once, to see what they did, as younglings do: and again I read them, to see if their Histories can instruct me to do the like: and now I must depend upon the proof of other Arts, then are comprehended in Histories: these give but a light in the way, which I would walk in: I must have eyes in my head ere I come to that way, and feet and strength to bear me through it: else the way is not for me, but for them that can go in it, what make I there? I hear much of it, and when I would go in it, I want eyes and feet to bring me thither, and am driven to say, That God which giveth eyes to the blind, and walks to the lame, had need give me more than Histories have in them, or else I shall never be that I would be in one Art or other. Then seeing Histories breed only desires and wishes and expectations in the hearts of students & nothing but affections, seeing they never create any habit or perfection in them: I omit the verbal and talkative uses of histories, which other men stand upon, and conceive in my mind this Idea of one that would be a man of men, as God is named the Lord of Lords.   

The second Suppose.  
A Man that is borne of healthful and strong parents, that are under thirty years and above twenty, is commonly in good health, and of great strength: for sound timber must needs make a strong building, if advised workmen have the framing of it.  
He that is brought up in all kinds of labour from his childhood will endure any pains in his manhood: for custom is a second nature, as those arms of an oak or other tree, are strongest ordinarily which are toward the North.  
A man will not feed abundantly for pleasure, but necessarily for health: for he hath seen, that a body neither full nor empty is seldom or never distempered and sick.  
He will not be idle at any time, but either studying, or practising great and small matters for himself and his friends continually: for the more good we think and do, the nearer we are to God almighty.  
A man will not reject the speech and face of any man on the earth, but he will only have use of them that are like himself in disposition and action: for the hatred of any man is hurtful, and where all agree in one, there is happiest success.  
He doth not respect, how they lived and appareled and employed themselves that are dead, but what good soever he can do, he doth it with all his mind & might, and never ceaseth from his work till it be finished in the best manner: for commonly men may do greater acts than they do, if they measure not themselves by other men, seeing he that trieth his own parts most, is ever most glorious.  
A man will be skilful in all things which prolong life or shorten it, that he may preserve himself and his friends, and destroy his and their enemies: for in death all Noble Acts are cut off, and the overthrow of contraries is the generation of concord, and multiplication of consent.  
He will believe that he knoweth himself by trial, he hath an eye in his hand and heart that never sleepeth: for he that trusteth other men's words and deeds without proof of them, is carried every way with every faction and fiction of the world.  
A man will so arm his body with moderate antidotes, that no poison shall easily overcome him: for he provideth for the worst, and remembreth withal, that the best can save itself.  
He is prepared for all changes and chances that may come upon him in this life, & considereth rather what may happen unto him then peruse the fortunes of other men. Thus I have written generally, but I may not tell my tale and idee particularly in every point, till I be a few years elder.   

The third Suppose.  
TWo noblemen that partly by nature, and partly by art, could make their bodies indefatigable for every attempt and exploit agreed between themselves to try, whether books of history, or devices of their own would make the more brave man. He that followed books, desired only to be like the best Worthies of other ages: he that relied upon his own devise was not content with the examples of books, but invented the means to excel the best that ever was: the bookman putting his felicity in imitation, came short of those patterns, and yet was glad when he came near them: the deviser setting his mind on emulation, searched the causes of ancient excellencies, and by adding to the causes added to the effects, and went beyond them all in what case he would. The bookman saith, give me the life of Alexander, the life of Caesar, the life of Sanderbeg, and then thinketh he hath gotten the spoils of the East and West, and all patterns of glory that may be gotten: the deviser saith, let me see the causes that made those three men so eminent above other men: so I shall perceive a defect of these causes in Historians: then I must supply them, and excel those three in mine own person, or in ruling others: the most odd and special acts that ever they did, may not only be matched, saith he, but also overmatched well enough, I believe, and to be plain, I see nothing even in Ulysses or Achilles, but it may be seen, I hope, in another, unless these books will give me leave to try, whether I may surmount their Nobilities, I will be so bold in reason as to say, that books were made to keep men under a certain height, and within a certain compass, and to make men half the men that they might be, and as it were very woodcocks in comparison of that they should prove, by trying all and trusting none, but which they find certainly, and experimentally true. Thus the bookman is a gallant man with an ear mark and chains of bondage about his neck, but the deviser himself is a sovereign author of manhood, having no cognisance of subjection about him besides the mortality of his flesh, which notwithstanding he maketh in some sort immortal, either in leaving the life thereof in his succession, or in spending the might of it in contemplative assaults and atchivements: for study spendeth the outward man more than action. The Deviser saith, that men of chiefest note have ever been of his mind: they have not believed that old bookish rule, Oporter discentem credere, for than they had never been better than other men's scholars, whereas by the means aforesaid they are become captains in their kind: yet if they had never been borne I am sure, saith he, that I had been of this mind, Mundus est omnes libri, this rule is manly, Oporter discentem dubitare, unless he will be deceived, and run on the head half his life time: in a word, it appeareth plainly, that many men which cannot read in books use daily the same or better means to try out masteries then the graundest bookmen: if my judgement be an error, I would know, from what cause the first Doctors had their Arts before books were made: the sword makes not the warrior: no help is equal with the principal: nature is mightier than Art: the actor more worthy man then his scribe.  
Wherefore in respect of the premises, and such other considerations, I have rather taken an Essay in our Brutan history, than made a work.. If I be faulty in writing too much, I confess I know no method of writing briefly: If I be blamed in writing too little, I will not deny, that the old Brutans deserve a large Chronicle: if I have kept in the midst of both, it agreeth most with my desire. But why should I doubt of this or that? of friend or foe? Let every one speak and write freely, not licentiously, in honour of his own Country, that is, not against his kindred and himself, which are parts thereof. It is a dangerous position to refuse the offspring of Brute, both in regard of all reverend antiquities of history, and in respect of our own Countrymen and neighbours, to whom I wish all concord and agreement among themselves and against their enemies for ever.  
FINIS.