THE Excellent History of Theseus and Ariadne. Wherein is declared her fervent love to him: and his Traitorous dealing toward her: Written in English Meeter in Commendation of all good women: and to the Infamy of such light huswives' as Phedra the sister of Ariadne was: which fled away with Theseus her Sister's Husband: as is declared in this History. By Thomas Vnderdowne. ¶ Imprinted at London by richard johnes: and are to be sold at his Shop, joining to the south-west Door of Paul's Church. 1566, 28. of januarie. ¶ The Preface to the Reader. saying the prick whereunto the Line of our life guideth us, is knowledge of things whereof we are ignorant: & that of all knowledges, none is more estimable or worthy for those that acknowledge themselves by the names of men, than the Science of the Natures and qualities of things: and of Natures, the best & most excellent is the acquaintance with Mankind, and knowledge of his conditions. I have thought it good (gentle Reader) to set before thine eyes th'history of Theseus & Aryadne: the which, though the Style and Metre be to base for so perfit a Pattern of so many things: yet by the persuasions & earnest request of divers and those my very friends, I have given it thee: wherein thou mayst behold, as in a Glass almost all manner of dealings for sundry kinds of purposes. As if thou seek for true love, look upon Ariadne: who adventured her fame, body & goods to go with Theseus. If thou seek for good counsel, how to eschew the blazing brands of the fiery flames of love, see Phedra. If Craft, Dissimulation, Perfidye, Perjury, or forgetfulness of good turns: behold Theseus. If thou crave an Example of unnatural lust, lechery: or as I mought say, incest: let Phedra come before thine eyes: who having no respect to honesty, fame, ire of the Gods, nor kindred: enticed the unconstant Theseus to forsake her Sister, and love her. Certainly in that she was a woman, she deserved pardon: but in that she was a Sister, she deserved perpetual ignominy and everlasting shame & dishonour. And saying the Sister may not trust her Sister, sith both came out of one belie, and sucked of one paps: what other will be so mad, or so much without reason as to trust a woman? whose dishonest parts have hitherto, and yet do so properly play their pageants, as no tongue can tell, no Pen can write, nor any heart comprehend: I will not that any honest and virtuous Woman be touched with that I mind to say: but they only who in reading hereof, shall by any means find themselves aggrieved. And I will touch no point, but only Beauty. For if I should say, what I have seen, read and hard, a year were to little to tell of their tricks. Assuredly, he that desireth a fair woman armeth himself to a right great and dangerous adventure: and why? a fair woman is nothing but a gazing stock of idle folks: an early waking for them that be light: and she that is desired for her Beauty in her youth, may hope too have but a sorry life in her age. An infallible Rule it is, that she that is desired for her fairness, is hated for her sowlenesse: and Beauty of truth is not perpetual, but fadeth as the flowers and green grass. Also he that hath a fair woman must suffer her pride: for Beauty and Pride go alway together. Also he must suffer her expenses: for beauty in the face, and folly in the head, be two worms that fret the life, and consume the goods. Also he must suffer her Ryotes: for a fair woman will, that none but she have her commandments in the House. Also be must suffer her nice Minions: for a fair woman will pass her time in pleasures. Also he must suffer her Presumption: for every fine and fair woman will have pre-eminence before all other: & at a word, he that hath a fair woman is apparelde with as great peril as ever was Cartha with Scipio, jerusalem with Titus, or Rome with Brennus: No man complaineth that the Gods among his destinies have given him a foul wife: let every man choose as him list. The noble Armynus of Carthage for the space of fourscore years wherein he ruled the common wealth there, was as strange to women, as familiar to his Books. And this age passed, his friends desired him instantly to take a wife, that the memory of so perfit a wise man might remain to the posterity: and the more earnest they were, the more he resisted & said: If she be fowl, I shall abhor her: if she be fair, I must take heed to her: if she be rich, I must suffer her: if she be poor, I must maintain her: if she be a shrew, I can not forbear her: and the least plague of these is sufficient to slay a. M. men. But let us see how they of old time passed their days, & let us consider whither the Grafts that were slipped from these trees, be any whit degenerated from the old stock. Myrrah lay with her father. Byblys' caused her brother Cannus for unjust and unnatural lust to be banished. Medea slew her Brother Absyrtus, thereby to scape her father's danger▪ & follow jason into Grece: and this our Phedra left her sister in a vast forest a pray to the fierce and cruel Beasts, and ran away with her Husband. I speak not of any light fault, but of such, whereby the fawties have gotten them no less reproach in their time, than shame with us by being Examples of so filthy facts. As for those that live now with us I fear me, they shallbe as ill reported of time to come, as they be hated now with wise and ancient men: their looks be so lofty, their gate so stately, their apparel so disguised, their courage so haughty, that you may muse to here of their manners gestures and behaviours, no less than they were Monsters, or things wherein Nature either had erred, or would not show her force. And where in time passed, all that was done otherwise then honesty permitted was done very secretly. Now (I know no cause why) they that be defamed do as much rejoice in their naughtiness, as they aforetime were ashamed of their misdeeds: I can allege no reason why such things should come to pass now, rather than in times passed: but that our women live so yedellye, that they eschew all honest labour, and wholly addict themselves to unhonest idleness. For this is certain: where the hands is occupied: there, the heart must needs do somewhat: and if I say not true, let any man allege when ever there were more idle Women in the whole world, then is now in the small Circuit of England. I read, how divers have been commended for keeping themselves close in their Houses, using themselves discretely with company: moderately with their Household: decently with their Husbands. But never was any lauded, for leading of an idle life. You idle Dames wheresoever you be, tell me I pray you? what was the cause that Penelope was so much honoured in her time, and left eternal memory of her good renown to us after her death? What trade of life led she when Vlysses was at the Siege of Troy? she being a Queen did paynfullye spin and keep her house, and for all the knot of gentle Wooers that she had, she never left her work to dally and toy with them, though her Husband were away twenty years? What did the wicked Torquyne find the good Lady Lucres doing when he came to ravish her? If ye know not (O ye amorous Ladies to you I speak) I will tell you: she sat spynnyge with her Maids: and being deflowered: she neither gave Torquyne thanks for his good will, nor reward for his pains, but flew herself, because her husbands bed was defiled. Let these to Ladies be Examples, to you (O ye Ladies enamorous) how you shall occupy yourselves in your Houses: they were no vile women, for the first was Queen of Ithaca, tother a Consuls wife of Rome. But I suppose you cannot away with spinning, for that utterly taketh away all vain thoughts, and occupieth the mind with honest studies: for all the Senses be moved by it: the eyes with saying that the thread be well twined: the ears with hearing the sound of the wheel: the hands with turning it about, so that no place is void of doing somewhat: whereby no ill can tarry or reign in the heart: thus much I have said because Ariadne's idleness caused all her grief: for if she had not been idle, she had not gone out of her chamber: if she had not gone out of her chamber, she had not come to the Laberynthe wherein Theseus was: if she had not gone to the Laberynthe, she had not hard his complaint: if she had not hard his complaint, she had not loved him: if she had not loved him, she had been safe from the chance which happened to her: as in the History shallbe declared. Idleness is therefore the ground of all vice, & overthroweth quite all the foundations of Virtue. But as I have said of these two, I might speak of many more: but this is enough if it be well understanded. But to leave this, and come to the History again, from the which I have a little dygressed: if thou look for an example of painfulness, take them all, and think with how great pains they slew and subdued the Monster Minotaurus: If thou desire to here of unmercifulness of Parents, cast thou eyes to Theseus, who lost his father Egeus through his default. But because it is but little touched in this History, I will pretermit that: If misery, call to mind Aryadne left in the wilderness: and to be short of all unhappiness let her be a Pattern. I might apply each of these to divers other comen places: but than I should make my Entry greater than my whole House. I will therefore leave the rest to be scanned of thee (gentle Reader) & if I shall perceive that this is welcome to thee, hereafter as occasion shall serve, thou shalt encourage me to do the more: Thus hoping that thou wilt take in good part whatsoever is said herein, I bid thee farewell: desiring thee if ought be amiss, friendly to correct it, or gently to admonish me thereof. Farewell. ¶ A Rule for Women to bring up their Daughters. YE Mothers that your Daughters will bring up and nurture well: These Rules do keep, & them observe, Which I shall here now tell. ¶ If they will go or gad abroad, their legs let broken be: Put out their eyes if they will look or gaze undecentlye. ¶ If they their ears will give to bark what other men do say: Stop them up quite, if give or take, then cut their hands away. ¶ If they dare lightly use to talk, their lips together sow: If they will aught lightly intend, let Grass upon them grow. ¶ And at a word, if she be ill, let her ill answers have: And for her dower give sharp words and for her house a grave. ¶ Therefore ye Mothers, if ye use and keep my Rules in mind: Daughters you shall have none at all, or those of Phenyx kind. ¶ Finis. ¶ The History of Theseus and Ariadne. THere dwelled sometime in Crete a king; that mighty Minos hight: Who had to wife Pasiphae, a passing wily wight. This careful Queen bewailed sore, her husbands absence long: She did lament with pensive thought. her injury and wrong. And most for that dame Venus' sport she wanted such a space: There was no man in all her Court, that could deserve her grace. They were each one to base of blood, or of to low degree: As that they might obtain or have so peerless a Lady. And why? she did much more esteem her honour and her fame: Then that she list to hazard them, with such reproach and shame. Thus did therefore her broiling breast, invent to put in ure: Lest that her ardent secret flames, should not be kept in sure. A Cow of wood for to be made, she did therefore devise: Compact with cunning handycrafte, and perfit Artifice. For Dedalus the Carpenter, did frame it in such sort: As it once seen, you would in deed, a very Cow report. For it one were within the wood, the gins were trimmed so, That if they were plucked aright, the Cow would walk or go. This work when it was finished, the queen for her solace, would oftimes get into the same, and sit in it a space. Till that the gins she could once turn and rule them as she list: Then she to work her wanton will, begins as she thinks best. Sometimes she goes, sometimes she runs sometimes she lieth still: And finally she doth each thing, that pleases her wicked will. Then smelling ointments doth she take and doth anoint this Cow: For to provoke the boisterous Bull, as women know well how. This done she goeth into the same, the Bull also is brought: And there betwixt the Bull and Cow is pretty pastime wrought. Pasiphae thus hath her will, except I be beguiled: Soon after this congress was done, the Queen was found with child, Shortly after, the king returned and did lie by this queen, And she was great of king and Bull, at once, as then was seen. For when she should be brought to bed, came forth a Monster fell: That had both shape of man and beast as ancient Stories tell. The Fame of this deformed Beast hard countries near and far, And for because two forms he had, men called him Mynotare. This furious Fiend, this hungry thing would eat nought else but men, Wherefore from all the sorry Lands, that mines conquered then. There cometh many men by lot, this hungry Beast to feed, And how they speed for to rehearse, iwis it is no need. Till at the last noble Theseus, Good king Egeus son: Who for his sake from Turret's top, In sea headlong did run. Came into Crete to Laberynthe, Wherein this monster was: There for to end his glorious life, from wealth to woe to pass: Where he once put with clamours huge, 'gan to extol his cry: Bewailing much his fatal fall, and present misery. With these, or other such like words, he did begin his moan: Salted with sighs and bitter tears, he was so woe begun. What do avail my warlike prowess, my strength and haughty heart: They can not in this seoberdye, at all release my smart. Ah wretch full of calamity, alas what hap have I? In Crete thus in the Laberynthe, in prison strong to die. Why did I not submit myself, to Tiger's tyranny? Or ramping Lions daging teeth, or enemies cruelty. Why did not Giants me subdue? or Wolves in wilderness: or Serpents sting in time tofore, rid me from this distress. Why didst not thou Hippolyta, thine enemy overthrow: Which now is in extremity, in misery and woe? Why didst thou not threeheaded Dog, thou Porter of Hell gate: Destroy me quite, when I did thee so cruelly assault? Why did I not some poison take, to rid me of my life: Why did not cruel dint of sword, stint all this hateful strife? Oh all ye Gods that all things guide, whom men do gentle call: Why do ye not petty my grief, and raise me from this fall. Remember me whom ye have made, a kings son lo I am: In warlike force and hardiness, surmounting every man. In flower of youth without redress, Oh cruel Destiny: Do lie in fear, alas the while, looking when I must die. My weapons all are reached from me, wherewith I me defend: Well, weal away, I say no more, but thus will make an end. This said, the bitter tears and sighs, his senses do oppress: So that ye never saw a man, in so much heaviness. All this complaint and woeful cry, king Minos Daughters hard: And were in mind, if that they might, to take him out of ward. And thereof spoke th'elder maid, unto her sister dear: Dost thou not here this man quoth she, that makes this ruthful cheer? I bear quoth she, and do bewail this woeful wretch's case: What shall we do to help alas, we have no time nor space? Well, well: quoth Ariadne though, (that was the Elders name:) I will provide some speedy help, come what will of the same. And thou my sister Phedra dear, assist me as thou can: For I must either die therefore, or else enjoy this man. For I do love with such a zeal, and with so fervent love: That I can not abide such flames, I swear by the Gods above. This said: the younger sister said, alas what wilt thou do? Oh sister dear, now rule thyself, and let such folly go. Remember thou king Minos wrath, remember thine own fame: And how the world will speak of thee both vyllanie and shame. Oh canst thou not content thyself, with thine happy state? Why wilt thou cast away thyself? why dost thou thy wealth hate? Dost thou not know that no Realm is safe from king Minos sight? Dost thou not know that all the world, is subject to his might. Which way wilt thou thyself convey where he shall not thee find? Therefore let this thy folly go and put it out of mind. Dost thou not know the kings are wont long hands to exercise? Dost thou not know that kings are said that they have Lynres eyes. Dost thou not know that Minos is of nature very fell? Thou knowest all his qualities, I need them not thee tell. But put the case thou have thy will, mark well what I thee say: He will at length forsake thee quite, and cast thee clean away. Example take by Sylla fair, king Nysus Daughter dear, Who upon promise made to her, by Minos king or sire. Who promised to carry her with him into his land: If that she would her father give, and City to his hand. She did with haste and diligence, perform his whole request: But he alas unto her pain, did frustrate his behest. Did not Medea by her means, young jasons life preserve: What courtesy and gentleness did her good will deserve? She kept him safe from enemies force, from Dragons sting also, She slew her Brother for his sake. and with him she did go. Yet he at length did cast her of, such is the Greekysh kind: And wilt thou now a Greek believe, who hath bewitched thy mind? Do thou therefore such foolish toys, out of thy mind let slide: And never let such fancy's force, thy unconstant head to guide. This said, her sister warred red, and looked lowryngly: As though that she displeased were, yet kept it secretly. Lest that her Sister should disclose, her privy enterprise: Which she would not should come to pass in any manner wise. And spoke with silent voice again, what pangs of dolfulnesse Do I sustain? what weeping wails can half enough express? The flames that I do hidden keep within my burning breast? Oh sister dear assist thou me, that I may get some rest. I do not weigh king Minos wrath, I do it not regard: So that I may my Theseeus deliver out of ward. What do I care, what men do say, of me, when I am gone: So that I never here their talk, and I shall leave to moon. And so should I be happy then, which now unhappy prove: Then should I save myself which now do languish, lost in love. I do not care for Minos might, as mighty men as he: Have missed their will of meaner men than Theseus and me. I know that Minos might is great, yet love is greater much: And such as fear his Ire or wrath, leave of to love let such. I know that kings have arms long and that they can see far: Yet Love is far without their reach: they can not see so far. I know that Minos is both fell, and of great cruelty: And if that he us apprehend, I know that we must die. But come or hap what will to me, I care not for his might: For if that I might Theseus have, I were a blessed wight. Thou oughtest not (sister) to compare Minos with Theseus: The one is rough and hasty both: the other courteous. I know not what young jason was: ne of what stock he came: But if he did, as you report, he hath deserved blame. But sure I am that Theseus, his promise made, will keep. And I twice happy should then be, in his sweet arms to sleep. But I alone, do I, I say alone attempt by flight: My love to have, and him enjoy: is this so strange a sight? Hath not such chances chanced before for Lovers to have joy? Did not Dame Helen company, sir Paris unto Troy? Did not trusty Theagenes, convey Cariclea: Until they came with much ado, to Ethiopia. Where after many sturdy storms, and burning broiling past: They did enjoy each other both, long looked for at last. I could rehearse thee many more, if I had time and space: But all to long I fear alas we tarry in this place. These words did quail her sister well and forth they go both two: Unto the Den where Theseus was, in misery and wo. They call the Porter unto them, and bid him ope the door: And in they go together both and stood Theseus before. And Ariadne spoke to him, and said sir how far ye? Alas Madam but ill quoth he, in this extremity. And in such sort they talk a while, than did she speak again: And would you gladly sir quoth she, be eased of this pain? If you will promise me one thing, and grant me my behest: That when I shall desire you, you will grant me my request. We will seek means all that we may for to deliver you: We will assist you as we can, this Monster to subdue. When Theseus hard so joyful news, he fell upon his knee: And did request her of her aid, and that right speedily. And I quoth he, will all things do, that you can me command: I will be yours, all that I have I put into your hand. Therefore Madam, help me I pray, that am your own at will, Lo I am yours at all assays, to save, or else to spill. Therefore say on Oh courteous Queen, here say what is your will: Some service do to me command, and I will it fulfil. Nought else I will of thee quoth she, but that thou promise here: That thou wilt carry us with thee, into thy country dear. And that thou shalt me take to wife, and live with me for ay: This sure, and thou delivered, shalt be this present day. Oh Lady fair, happy were I, yea thrice happy I say: If you would me accept your man, and your servant alway. And as for Marriage, I suppose, that you will not bestow yourself on me: whom here tofore, you have not seen ne know. And as for me, I do confess, I am to base of blood: As that I may attain unto so fair a Queen and good. Alas, what is poor Theseus? what is Egeus son. Whose fate is such, that still he must, his misery bemoan. But if you will vouchsafe taccepte me, for your man or slave: As I that in your mercy lies, either to lose or save. I were much bound unto your grace, I were much bound I say: And I now am, and still shallbe your own, at each assay. Leave of quoth she these words, & swear I know well what thou art: Come of, and do as I request, and ease my pain and smart And thou straight way shallbe exempt from prison and from ward: Do as I say, if thou hast aught upon thyself regard. Well than quoth he, sith me your make you will vouchsafe to have: Which would be glad, if you so would to be your page or slave. Mark well and hark what I will say, mine answer thus shallbe, Which I will still avouch and keep what so betide of me. I swear to you by all the Gods, and powers in heavens high: By all the spirits that hell do rule, the earth and sterry sky. That I will be your man and make, both now and eke for aye: Still you to love, and none but you, if you save me this day. And these also, that you do bring, I will them still defend: From time to time as need shallbe, until my life shall end. When in such sort his oath he made, Oh Lord how glad was she, Her blood did come, her heart did leap, she 'gan to wax merry. Then by and by they take in hand, this Monster for to kill: And Balls of Hear & Pitch they make to give to him his fill. None was so earnest in this work, none laboured so much: As Arsadne did, as whom these wished joys did touch. And to be short, with travel great, and with great toil and pain: This disformed Beast, this Fiend so fell was murdered and slain. Then speed they make unto their ship's while as it was yet day, And Phebe had not with her stars chased the light away. With haste they get a board each one, they labour all the night: All do put to their helping hands, to further this their flight. Until Aurora did them tell, that Phoebus was at hand: And thereby found guess that they approached to some Land. In deed these Damsels could not well abide the raging Seas: Therefore they labour to get land, thereon themselves to ease. And then about the time that Sole, approached to the place: Where from the highest heavens top, he shows his shining face. They leave their ships, and find a Land where pleasures do abound: Where they lie down to take their rest upon that fruitful ground. And those that sleep did not oppress, they gather flowers gay: Or else did walk into the woods, to drive their cares away. Nothing there was in all the Land, that could not move their spirits: Their eyes, their ears and senses all, moved them to brave delights. But Aryadne had good cause not to have slept at all: Although it were to her unknown, what should to her befall. For Theseus, Oh traitor like, when she so surely slept: Away from her as secretly as he could, from her crept. He gathered his men to him, that wandered in the wood: Were ranging here, and walking there as each of them thought good. And hastily they went aboard, and launched into the deep: And left not one with her a shore, where she alas did sleep. forgetting quite her benefits, which she to him had done: And how she had her country lost, and parents left each one. But so soon as she did awake, and felt that he was gone: She starteth up, and stars about, but men she seeth none. She runneth straight unto the place, where as the ships did stand: Where she a far into the sea, did look from Naxus land. And when she had espied the ships, where they away did sail. She wept and wrang her hands apace but what did tears avail? And so soon as her tears did cease, amid her misery: She did begin with piteous plaint for to extol her cry. What time quoth she, this Theseus by cruel fates constraint: Within my father Minos Realm, did utter his complaint. In danger with despair, a loathsome life he led: With scalding sighs and bitter tears desiring to be dead. But I poor wretch, alas I did lay plasters to his sore: That he had never after cause, to weep or wail no more. I did repair his crazed ships, I did him treasure give: I did myself bequeath to him, still with him for to live. I bancketted this Traitors men, I victualed them with store: I showed them such pleasure, as they never had before. I did my loved country loath, my parents I forsook: To go with him unto his land, all pains I undertook. And he likewise did swear to me, by Gods and heavens high: That he always would be my man, with me to live and die. Yet be my merits doth, with falsehood recompense: Which love and loyalty he doth dispytefullye dispense. Amid a Forest wild and wide, for Bears or Wolves a pray He leaveth me a sleep, and he falsely doth go his way. His trustless truth, his treason tried, his faith, his falsehood found: And I a woeful wretch in care, as any on the ground. To you ye Gods, I do complain, to you this tale I tell: Scythe that he hath your names blasphemd that he may hang in hell. Revenge my cause, sith none but you my whole estate do know: That you be Gods, and will revenge to Theseus do show. And you also that here of me, that be of judgement pure: Beware to fish in Fancies flood, or else to drown be sure. Beware, be wise, example take, by Ariadne's pain: Which helping him who helpless was she helpless doth remain. This said: the Gods did her translate into the starry sky: And gave her place among the stars, where she shall never die. FINIS. Th. Vn.