AN ABRIDGEMENT OF THE ENGLISH Military Discipline.  
By His Majesty's permission.  
LONDON, Printed by the Assigns of John Bill and Christopher Barker, Printers to the Kings Most Excellent Majesty. 1676.   
AN ABRIDGEMENT OF THE ENGLISH Military Discipline.  

Of the Exercise of the Foot.  
WHen a Body of Men are drawn up to Exercise, the distance of their Ranks must be at six Foot, and their Files at three Foot, that they may have liberty to use their Arms.  
The Officers of the Body, (he only excepted that is to give the Words of Command) are to draw off to the Right and Left, forming a Rank on each Wing, opposite the one to the other.  
The Officer Commanding, is to place himself before the Middle of the Pikes, about ten Foot distance from them, the better to observe what is done, and to be the more easily understood by the whole Body.  
The Words of Command must be given Leisurely, that the Soldiers may perform their Postures without Confusion.  
The Officer must first Command Silence, and then proceed (as followeth) to the   

Exercise of the Musket.  
SHoulder your Musket.  
Lay your right hand on your Musket.  
Poise your Musket.  
Rest your Musket.  
Handle your Match.  
Blow your Match.  
Cock and try your Match.  
Guard your Pan.  
Blow your Match.  
Open your Pan.  
Present.  
Give Fire.  
Recover your Arms.  
Return your Match.  
Clean your Pan with your Thumb.  
Handle your Primer.  
Prime your Pan.  
Shut your Pan with a full Hand.  
Blow off your loose Corns.  
Cast about to Charge.  
Handle your Charger.  
Open it with your Teeth.  
Charge with Powder.  
Draw forth your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to an Inch against your right Breast.  
Charge with Bullet.  
Ram down Powder and Ball.  
Withdraw your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to a handful.  
Return your Scowrer.  
Poise your Musket.  
Shoulder your Musket.  
Order your Musket.   

Exercise of the Pike.  
ADvance your Pikes.  
Charge to the Front.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right about.  
To the Left about as you were.  
Charge to the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left about.  
To the Right about as you were.  
Advance your Pikes.  
From Advance, Shoulder your Pikes.  
From Shoulder, Charge to the Front.  
Shoulder as you were.  
From your Shoulder, Charge to the Right.  
Shoulder as you were.  
Charge to the Right about.  
Shoulder as you were.  
Charge to the Left.  
Shoulder as you were.  
To the Left about.  
Shoulder as you were.  
From your Shoulder, Port.  
From your Port, Comport.  
From your Comport, Charge to the Front.  
From your Charge, Trail, Facing to the Right about.  
Charge as you were.  
Advance your Pikes.   

Exercise of the Musket and Pike together.  
SHoulder your Musket. Musqueteers, Make ready.  
At which time, the Musqueteers must Leisurely and Distinctly perform every particular Posture of the Musket together.  
The Musqueteers being ready, the Pikes are to Charge as the Musqueteers are Faced.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right about.  
To the Left about as you were.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left about.  
To the Right about as you were.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Return your Matches.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes, to your inside Order.  
Lay down your Arms.  
Which Posture is to be performed with their Left Legs; and stooping all together, their Arms being upon the ground, they must take care to Rise all together, every one observing his Right hand man, at the Word of Command.  
Quit your Arms.  
Face all to the Right about.  
March clear off your Arms.  
To the Left about to your Leader.  
March to your Arms.  
Handle your Arms.  
Which must be done stepping forward with their Left Legs, and stooping, Laying their hands upon their Arms, expecting the Word of Command.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes, to your outside Order.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
March.  
This way of Exercise is not altogether the same with what hath been hitherto in use, wherein it was thought fit to make some alteration, by leaving out some Words as superfluous, and changing some of the Postures for others that are of greater Use and readiness.   

Closing and Openings.  
RRanks, close forward to Order.  
Ranks, close forward to close Order.  
Ranks, open backwards to Order.  
Ranks, open backwards to open Order.  
Ranks, open backward to double distances.  
The Ranks fall back without changing aspect.  
Files, close to the Right.  
Files, close to the Left.  
Files, close to the Centre.  
Files, open from the Right.  
Files, open from the Left.  
Files, open from the Centre.  
For performing of which, the Body faces to the hand named, and moveth. If to the Right, the second File from the right first takes its distance, by moving slower than its Leader: the rest of the Files do the like successively, and the left hand File moves not at all.   

Doubling.  
Ranks, to the right hand double.  
March.  
Ranks, to the left hand as you were.  
March.  
Ranks, to the left hand double  
March.  
Ranks, to the right hand as you were.  
March.  
The Ranks that double, are to observe their right hand Man, to move at the same time with him; They begin their motion with the foot next the hand named, and are to come into their places at three steps. In this doubling, the even Ranks double into the odd. And if you would have the odd Ranks also double, Face the Body to the Rear; and the same Words of Command will perform it.   

To reduce the Ranks.  
The Ranks that doubled, are first to Face to the contrary hand, then beginning with the contrary foot, at three steps to come into their former ground. Files doubling is performed in the same manner, and is the same thing with the reduction of doubled Ranks; the reduction of doubled Files is the same thing with doubling Ranks.   

Doubling of half Files with the Reduction.  
Rear half Files to the Right, double your Front.  
March.  
To the Left about as you were.  
March.  
Rear half Files to the Left, double your Front.  
March.  
To the Right about as you were.  
March.  
If you do it upon a March, let your Rear half Files move into the Front with a quicker motion, the Front half Files still continuing theirs. And for Reduction, let the Rear half Files without facing about, stand till the Front half Files have passed them, and then fall after their proper Leaders.   

firings.  
THe Commander in chief gives no Command nor Direction besides Make ready.  
Present.  
Give fire.  
And the first of these he uses but once.  
The Soldiers are to be instructed and minded by subaltern Officers, that when the two first Ranks make ready and advance forward, the Body of Musqueteers is to make good the Front of Pikes, and the two next Ranks unshoulder and make ready, without any Word of Command; and when the last Rank presents, or both, if both fire together, to advance, and this also without any Word of Command. If the Ranks be at six Foot, they are also at their advancing to close forward to three Foot, without any Word of Command. If you fire by Single Ranks, the first presents at three motions, beginning with his left foot, which as he advances, he blows his Match; At advancing his right, he opens his Pan, Presenting at the third step. Afterwards they File into the Rear within three Foot of the Body. Every Soldier is to be careful to place himself in his own File, which is also taken care of by the Officers in the Rear.   

Firing to the Flanks.  
TO the Right and Left present, falling off after your bringers up.  
For this you leave six Foot between your Divisions of Musqueteers and your Pikes; which the Officers must have a great care to keep open, by causing the Musqueteers to incline to the Right and Left after every firing to the Flank. the two outermost Files are to make ready, keeping along with the Body, and not to present, nor face to the Flanks, till ready; assoon as they have Fired, they face to the Rear, and are by an Officer led athwart it, and so up between their own Divisions and the Pikes. Assoon as the outermost Files face to the Flanks, the two next Files are to make ready without any Word of Command, and keep along with the Body, till the outermost Files be wheeled clear off them. The Files that fire to the Left, are to blow, advancing with their right Leg.   

Firing to the Rear.  
LAst Rank, make ready. To the Rerepresent.  
Which it doth keeping along with the Body; the Musqueteers Advancing with their Right Legs, Blow; Advancing with the Left, Open their Pans; then turning upon the Ball of their Left Foot to the Right about, cast their Right Leg backward, and fire then immediately at a good Round rate, within three Foot of their Body, March up into the Front. Assoon as the last Rank Faces about to Present, every other Rank of Musqueteers falls back to the Rank of Pikes that Marched behind it, so to keep the Rear full, and leave a Vacancy of one Rank in the Front of the Musqueteers, for the Rank that Fired to place itself.  
The Word Make ready is made Use of but once, afterwards when the last Rank faces about; the next to it is to Make ready, keeping along with the Body.   

Firing the Street-way.  
We that have fewer Pikes, should cause the half Files of Pikes to double, that they may cover the Musqueteers.  
The Colours and Drums are to be between the Pikes and Musqueteers, the Captains with the Pikes, and the Lieutenants with the Musqueteers. Lieutenants or Sergeants cause the two first Ranks of the Musqueteers to Face to the Right or Left, and make ready; then Two and Two to File up to the Front, and March athwart it; then to present. The Pikes ought to be charged, and the Musqueteers to stoop very low, and be careful to carry the Muzzles of their Muskets low. When they have Fired, they pass away, still stooping to the contrary Flank, and within three Foot of it, into the Rear of the Musqueteers. As they move away by the Left Flank, the next by the Right, Succeed them. If the Horse give you time, let the Pikes Port or Advance to ease themselves. That you may always reserve some Fire, it is best to Fire but one Rank at a time; Assoon as that Wheels off, the Second Steps into its place, and a third Rank comes in between it and the Pikes. If the Street you are to defend be very Broad, you must of necessity make an Interval besides those on the Flanks, Wide enough for Two Men on a Breast, One to March up, the other down; For otherwise the long Intermission between the firings will give the Horse opportunity to Attaque you. The Musqueteers in Presenting are to fall back with their Right Legs, and by no means to Advance.   

Swedes way.  
Rear half Files of Musqueteers to the Right or Left, double your Front.  
Then Divide them into Equal Subdivisions, the Rear of the Foremost Subdivisions to Rank even with the Front of the Hindermost; the Rear of the Hindermost with the Front of Pikes, of which one half Advance interchangeably. Great care is to be taken that they return well their Rammers, lest they hurt those that stand before them: Presenting either all Three Ranks, or Two only, and one standing Guarded; they which have fired, rise up, and make Ready on their Ground, and the Rear Subdivisions passing through the Intervals, fire in like manner.  
The Intervals to be very little Wider than to permit Passage to the Subdivision of the Rear. They are also to fall back with their Right Legs, without Advancing▪   

Reduction.  
MUsqueteers, to the Right about.  
March all till Even with your Rear of Pikes.  
To the Left about all.  
Front half Files, March till Even with your Front of Pikes.   

To make a Square.  
Face to your four Angles.  
The Intervals between the Half Ranks and Half Files Divide the Body into four parts; if there be an odd File, it Faces with the Right Half Ranks.  
To your proper Front.  
In all Face, the Soldiers are to keep their Left Foot fixed, turning Round on the Ball of it, and bringing about their Right.   

A Solid Square.  
TO Draw a solid Square, make it first Equal on all sides, by the Square Root, than girdle it with Shot, which is speedily performed by these Words of Command.  
Rear half Files of Shot, to the Right about.  
Musqueteers, March all till clear of the Pikes.  
Face inwards, and March till you close in the Centre.  
Musqueteers that are clear of Front and Rear, wheel into the Flanks.   

Reduction.  
MUsqueteers that wheeled into the Flanks, wheel into Front and Rear. Face all outwards, and March till clear of the Pikes, than face in opposition, and close.   

To make a Hollow Square.  
LEt the three outermost Files of Pikes of each Flank stand.  
Rear half Files, to the Right hand about.  
Front and Rear half Files, March.  
Flanks of Pikes face inward.  
March.  
Rear half Files of Musqueteers, to the right hand about.  
Musqueteers, March all till clear of the Pikes.  
Musqueteers, face inwards, and March till you close in the Centre of the Pikes.  
Musqueteers that are clear of your Pikes, face in opposition, and Flank your Pikes.   

Reduction.  
MUsqueteers that Flank the Pikes, wheel into Front and Rear.  
Musqueteers, face to the Right and Left outwards, and March till clear of your Pikes, than face inwards, and close.  
Pikes of the Flanks, face outward, and March till clear of the Front and Rear half Files.  
Front and Rear half Files, face inwards, and close.  
For greater expedition, the Words of Command may be given at the same time to Pikes and Musqueteers by two Officers.   

Of Marching.  
IN Marching, the Officers are to observe that the Ranks be at twelve Foot distance, and that the Files be closed Shoulder to Shoulder, unless when a Battalion Marches in a Body, in which case the Files must keep such a distance, that they may have the liberty of their Arms.  
The Soldiers must always begin to March with their right Foot first; which is observed to conduce most to keep the Ranks even.  
The Captains are to March with their Pikes Shouldered; A Lieutenant to March with a Partisan; And an Ensign to March with his Pike Comported, which is to be the distinction between the Captains and other Officers.  
Sergeants have no place assigned them in Marching, but are to be moving up and down, to observe that the Ranks and Files be at their due distance.   

Of Drawing up a Body of Men, and the Place of the Officers.  
WHen a Regiment is to be Drawn up, the easiest and readiest way of Placing the Companies is, that the Eldest Company Draw up on the Right hand, and the second Company on the Left, the Third next to the First, the Fourth next to the Second, and so consequently to the youngest, which is to be in the Centre; for which the Words of Command are,  
Musqueteers, to the Right and Left outwards.  
Pikes, to the Right and Left inwards.  
Interchange Ground.  
March.  
When a Regiment hath so taken its Ground, to Place the Officers, you must divide the Lieutenants equally, Placing one half of them at the head of the Right Wing of Shot, and the other at the Left; The Ensigns are to be at the Head of the Pikes, upon the same Line with the Lieutenants, and each of them at four Foot distance from the Body.  
The Captains are likewise to be divided equally, and Placed on each Wing, four Foot before the Lieutenants. None must stand before the Ensigns, but he only that Commands in Chief, who is to be ten Foot before the Pikes; there must be a Sergeant Placed at the Right and Left of every Rank, and the Rest of the Sergeants are to be in the Rear, at twelve Foot distance from the Body, making a Parallel line to the last Rank.  
The Drums must be divided likewise, one half on the right Wing, and the other on the left, and are to stand on the same Line with the first Rank of the Soldiers.  
It is to be understood, that this way of Placing of the Officers, is only for Ordinary drawings out, either for Musters or Parade; For upon any occasion of Service, they are to be otherwise placed, as shall be shown hereafter.  
But if the Regiments March in a Body, this Order of the Officers must be changed; For then the Lieutenants are to be removed from the Front to the Rear, the rest of the Officers keeping still their same Post; and the Sergeants that were in the Rear must be moving up and down, to see that the Ranks and Files March according to the Rules above given.  
And if the Regiment March in Division, the difference is yet greater: for then one half of the Captains are to March at the Head of the first Division of Shot, and the other in the Rear of the last Division: One half likewise of the Lieutenants are to be in the Rear of the first Division of Shot, and the other at the Head of the last; The Ensigns are to March before the Pikes, and no other Officer at their Head.  
The Officers in Marching, are to observe the same Distance from the Body, as when they were Drawn up.   

Of Salutes.  
WHen a Regiment is Drawn up, the Officers are to Salute one after another, as the Person passes by whom they are to Salute.  
If the Regiment March in Division, the Officer that Commands must begin first to Salute, and the Captains that March in a Rank behind him, must not Salute till he hath done, and then they must observe all one Motion; The Lieutenants likewise when they Salute, must keep the same Time, as also the Ensigns; which is much more Graceful than doing it one after another.  
The Ensigns must further observe in their Salutes, to bring their Colours all the same way, otherwise they will be apt to meet and Entangle.  
In making a Guard when the King or Queen passes by, the Pikes must be Advanced; Otherwise only the Drums Beat, the Muskets are Shouldered, and the Pikes Ordered.  
When the King or General comes in the Rear, the Colours or Officers are not to March through the Ranks, but to keep still at the Front: If it be in the Field, and the whole Army Drawn up, then as the King Marches by, every Battalion is to Charge their Pikes, and Rest their Muskets; which is a Posture of more Guard.   

Of Wheeling, when a Body Marches in Division.  
WHen the Word of Command is given to Wheel, (if it be to the Right) the Right-hand man is to keep his Ground, and only turn upon his Heel, whilst at the same time the Lefthand man moves about quick, till the Officer bids him Stand.  
The second Rank doth not begin to Wheel, till they have taken the Ground of the first: So every Rank is to take the Ground of that which is before them; Upon which depends this way of Wheeling.   

Of the Exercise of Horse.  
THe Exercise of Horse consisting in fewer Words of Command then that of Foot, is more generally known, and there is little need of any Alteration to be made therein, but what is rather for Show then Use.  
When a Troop or Squadron are to Exercise, they must first have Charged their Carabins and Pistols; And when the Corporals have been through the Ranks, and seen that they are all ready, the Officer must Command Silence, and proceed as followeth. Lay your Hands upon your Swords.  
Draw your Swords.  
Put your Swords into your Bridle Hands.  
Lay your Hands upon your Pistols.  
Draw your Pistols.  
Cock your Pistols.  
Hold up your Hands.  

* Note, after they have given Fire, they must still keep their Hands up, till the Word of Command be given to Return their Pistols.  Give fire.  
Return your Pistols.  
The same Words of Command are given for the other Pistol, and then as followeth.  
Lay your hands upon your Carabins.  
Advance your Carabins.  
Cock your Carabins.  
Present your Carabins.  
Give Fire.  
Let fall your Carabins.  
Take your Swords from your Bridle Hands.  
Return your Swords.  
All which Motions the Officer must take care to see done exactly at the same Time, and therefore must not give the Words of Command too fast.  
When a Body of Horse is Drawn up, the Officers must stand close to their Men; only he that Commands must be a Horse length before the Rest of the Officers: And they must observe the same thing in Marching; for nothing is more unseemly, than to see the Officers at too great a Distance from their Men.  
It is thought necessary to make an Alteration in the manner of Wheeling of Horse; For whereas formerly, when a Squadron of Horse was Commanded to Wheel, (if it were to the Right) the Right-hand Men closed to the Left; Which way was found subject to put the Ranks out of Order, and therefore the Practice now is, That the Right-hand Men should keep their Ground, only turning their Horse's Heads to the Right, whilst the Left comes about; in which Motion they must observe their Lefthand man.  
When a Squadron of Horse is to Charge another, it is better they should do it with their Swords in their Hands, than either with their Pistols or Carabins.   

The manner of Encamping for Horse or Foot.  
THere must be allowed One hundred Paces for the Encamping of a Battalion consisting in sixteen Companies, and fifty Men in each Company.  
There must be allowed fifty Paces for a Squadron consisting in three Troops, and fifty Men in each Troop.  
From the Head of the First Line, to the Head of the Second, there is commonly allowed three hundred Paces, whereof One hundred and twenty are for the Encamping of the first Line; So that there remains One hundred and eighty Paces for the distance between the last Tents of the first Line, and the Head of the Second.  
It is to be observed that this measure of ground aforesaid is meant only for the Encamping of an Army; For if it was to be ranged in Battle in case of Service, the distances between the Battalions or Squadrons must be greater than in a Camp.  
It must be endeavoured as much as may be, that the Second Line be equal to the First, keeping the same Distance upon the Right and Left.  
All Troops or Companies of Horse or Foot consisting but of fifty Men, are to be Encamped on one Row of Baraques or Huts; But when the Troops or Companies consist in more Men, there must be two or three Rows of Baraques or Huts.  
It is to be observed, that in each Squadron or Battalion, the Colonels Company is always upon the Right or Left, and there make their Row of Huts: behind them must be left a space for the Street, than the Second Company makes their Row of Huts; near to which the Third makes theirs, leaving the space of two Foot only between their Huts, which is called the By-Street. And the same thing is observed by the Horse.  
The Huts of the Foot always open towards the Street.  
The Baraques of the Cavalry always open towards the Horse's Heads.   

The Particulars of Encamping of a Battalion.  
WHen the Adjutant or Quartermaster hath his Ground allotted to him for the Encamping of a Battalion, which is commonly One hundred Paces, he is to divide it in the manner following; (viz.) He must allow Seven Foot Square to each Hutt, Two Foot to the By-streets, and Fifteen Foot to the great Streets.  
Every Company consisting of Fifty Men, aught to have Ten Huts; and there must be the distance of Two Foot between the Huts.  
The Kitchens must be marked out at Twelve Foot distance from the last Row of Huts, and must be Placed just over against them, so that the Streets may be open quite through, for the Officers to pass easily to the Head of the Camp, as there shall be occasion.  
The length of the Kitchens is to be of Nine Foot, and the breadth of Six Foot.  
There must be thirty Paces distance between the Soldier's Kitchens, and the Front of the Captain's Tents.  
There must be distance of forty Paces between the Captain's Tents, and the Front of the Tents of the Subaltern Officers; and the remaining Ground is for the Encamping of the Captain's Equipage.  
The Sutler's are to Encamp behind the Officers Tents.  
By this account, there remains Fifteen or Twenty Paces, which makes the distance from one Battalion to another, which is always left upon the Left hand.  
The Pikes (whether they are Placed against a Cross, or in a Stand) must be allowed at Eighteen Foot distance from the Huts.  
The Muskets must be at Eighteen Foot distance from the Pikes, or they may be Placed upon the same Line with them.   

The Particulars of Encamping of a Squadron.  
WHen a Quartermaster of Horse hath his Ground allotted to him for a Squadron, which is commonly fifty Paces, he is to divide it in the following manner, viz.  
He must allow three Paces for the length of a Baraque, and two Paces distance from the Opening of the Baraque to the Stakes to which the Horses are fastened, and three Paces for each Horses standing, and ten Paces for the Street.  
To the Second Troop is to be allowed two Paces distance, three Paces for their Baraques, and one Place distance for the By-street.  
The third Troop must have two Paces distance, three Paces for the Baraques, and three Paces for the Horses; After which, there will remain fifteen Paces, which makes the distance from one Squadron to another.  
If the Squadrons are stronger, they must have more Ground; And this is only for a Squadron of one hundred and fifty Men, in three Troops, each Troop making but one Row of Baraques.  
The Colours must be Placed at eighten Foot distance from the Front of the Baraques, in the same Line with the Pikes.  
There are commonly ten or twelve Baraques on a Row, for every Troop of fifty Men; And there must be at least two Paces distance from one Baraque to another.  
For the Troops Kitchens, the Officers Tents, and the Sutler's which attend upon the Troops, the same measures are to be observed in proportion, as are used for Encamping of Foot.  
By a Pace here, is meant three Foot.   

Orders for Battle.  
THough there can be no certain Rules given for any Order of Battle, which depend chiefly upon the circumstances of Place, and other Accidents that may happen, yet I shall set down some which may serve for an Example to show the nature of the Thing.  
You must then first of all Command Silence; next to March very Leisurely. To observe the right in Marching, and preserve the Intervals, which are always to be fifty or sixty Paces at least, that fifty of a Battalion may pass through them.  
None to speak but the Commander in chief, or the Major by his Order.  
Advancing against the Enemy in Battle, out of Musket Shot, the Captains and other Officers at the head of the Battalion, are all to March in a Line, with their Pikes in their Hands, two good Paces before the Men, and are often to look behind them; Because otherwise they may insensibly get too much before the Body; And the Soldiers by following too fast, fall into disorder, whereof great care is to be taken in Marching against an Enemy.  
At which time the Ranks are to be two great Paces distant, and the Files closed in such a manner, that every Soldier may March at his ease, and so Charge and Fire; which will be effected, if he have liberty of moving his Elbows as he Marcheth.  
When the Musqueteers come within Shot, and March ready with their Pans guarded, the Ranks should be closed forward to the Swords point. But to avoid talking, which usually happens at this instant, it is better to leave the distance of one Pace between the Ranks; so the Soldiers will not press one upon another; which ordinarily causes breach of Silence in a Battalion. The distance of Files is to be preserved as hath been said already.  
He that Commands a Battalion, is to be in the Centre of it, at the Head of the Pikes; the Officer next in degree, is to be in the Rear of the Pikes; the third in degree, at the Right Wing of Shot, in the Front; the fourth, at the Left Wing of Shot, in the Front; The rest of the Captains are to be in the Rear on the Wings of Shot, according to their degrees. The Lieutenants are to be Placed, two in the Front, two in the Rear, and one on each Flank. The Colours are to be in the Centre of the Pikes. The Sergeants are to be Placed one on the Right and Left of each Rank. If a Battalion consist of more than Six Companies, the respective Officers are to be Placed according to the discretion of the Commander of the Battalion.  
It were not amiss to Place the Company of the Captain that Commands the left Wing of Shot, on the left of all that Wing; unless the Battalion be the outermost on the Line: for then the Colonels Company is to be on the Left of all, in this case the Right and Left Exchanging.  
In a Battle, the Captains and other Officers are to March in a Line; but coming within Shot of the Enemy, and the Musqueteers Marching ready with their Pans guarded, the whole Line of Captains and other Officers is to retire each of them into the Intervals of his Files next after his Post; yet so, as they may look to the Right and Left of the Battalion. Whilst they are Marching towards the Enemy, they are to be very careful to keep themselves in this Posture, and neither to be forwarder nor backwarder, neither without the Battalion, nor within it. And when they begin to March with their Pikes Charged, and that the Musqueteers are ready, the Ranks are to be closed forward to one small Pace. Assoon as the Battalion comes to thirty Paces distance from the Enemy, let the Musqueteers Fire, the manner of which Firing shall be ordered them before.  
The Captain Commanding the Rear, is to observe that the Battalion March still, to cause the Soldiers to close forward easily, and without noise or confusion: His chief care ought to be to Command the Pikes ever to March even with the Wings of Musqueteers; For it often happens that in Marching any considerable time in Battle, the Wings Advance, and form a Halfmoon, and the Pikes in the middle being extremely pressed upon, the Battalion is broken. Provided the motion of the Pikes be equal on the Right and Left, the Battalion cannot be disordered by its March. Above all, we are carefully to preserve the distance of Ranks and Files, according to what hath been said already.  
The Grenadeer (when there are any) are to be drawn up on the Right of the Battalion, and to augment it, without intermixing with it, or troubling the Order of it, they being a separate number of Men that are to be always ready for whatever shall be Commanded them.  
The Commander of a Battalion may be on Horseback at the Head of it, when the Captains are on Foot with their Pikes in their hands, in consideration that he is to be stirring to all parts, to see that the distances be observed; and above all, that none speak, except himself, or the Major by his Order.  
The Commander of a Battalion is to alight when the Musqueteers make ready, and is to March with his Pike charged against the Enemy.  
When an Army is Drawn up for Battle, the distance between the Lines must be of three hundred Paces, the same as is in a Camp.   

Of Defiles.  
TO pass a narrow Defile, the readiest way to perform it, and draw up again in Order assoon as past, is to make the Ranks File, if to the Right, the Right-hand man Files first, and the rest of his Rank follow him, till the Defile be past, than they Rank again as they were; this seems better than Files fileing, because it immediately makes a Front to the Enemy. If the Rank be great, let it File two abreast, beginning with the two middlemost Files.  
For larger Defiles, the Commander draws off as he judges the way will easily receive; in order to which, the Battalion is divided before it Marches, Sergeants taking care of the Subdivisions. The places of the Lieutenants may be according to these Figures, Captains and Ensigns keeping their places.   
FINIS.  

LONDON, Printed by the Assigns of John Bill and Christopher Barker, Printers to the Kings most Excellent Majesty. 1676.