A Physical Dictionary; In which, all the TERMS Relating either to ANATOMY, CHIRURGERY, PHARMACY, or CHEMISTRY, are very accurately explained.  
By STEPHEN BLANCARD, M. D. and Physick-Professor at Middleburgh in Zeeland.  
LONDON; Printed by J. D. and are to be sold by Samuel Crouch in Popes-head-Alley, and John Gellibrand at the Golden-Ball in St. Paul's Churchyard, M.DC.LXXXIV.   

TO My Honoured Friend, Mr. William Molins.  
SIR,  
BEing very unwilling to be singular, as to send this Book into the World without either Epistle or Preface, would certainly be, I resolved from the time of my setting it to Press, to send it out with both; and had no sooner made that Resolution, but presently pitched on a Patron under whom to shelter it. I now humbly dedicate it to yourself; and beg of you to belive that I am in all sincerity,  
Sir, Your very humble Servant, J. G.   

Courteous Reader;  
THe ensuing Dictionary was compiled in Latin, by the eminently Learned and Famous Physician, Dr. Stephen Blancard, now Physick-Professor at Middleburgh in Zeeland; in which he hath taken that pains, and done it with such Accurateness, that the like has never yet been extant. The Authors he has consulted (and out of which he has made the following Dictionary) you have a Catalogue of, ensuing this Preface. But chief, and most of all, he has extracted the most useful of all the Terms in Anatomy, Pharmacy, Chirurgery, and Chemistry, out of ancient Authors, as Erotian, Galen, and others; and from the more modern, as Gorraeus, Foesius, Castellus, and others; out of whose Writings he has not omitted any one useful term in the whole art of Physic. I am certain, that things of this nature are extremely wanting, that so the terms (in which all, or the most part of Mankind has daily occasion to use) may not be talked by rote; but may give a rational account of their discourse, than which, nothing is more rational or demonstrative than this of Physic.  
That the Publick-Good has all along been drove at in this Affair, both by the Author and Bookseller, is very apparent, in that it might have made a Book of three times the price, and the matter spun out to a far greater bulk; but in things of this nature, the Buyer's Interest ought to be, and has been consulted.  
Vale.   

Two Books printed for Samuel Crouch.  
BRitannia Languens, or a Discourse of Trade: showing the Grounds and Reasons of the Increase and Decay of Land-Rents, National-Wealth and Strength, with Application to the late and present State and Condition of England, France, and the United Provinces.  
The Purchaser's Pattern, much enlarged. The First Part, shows the true Value of Lands or Houses, by Lease, or otherwise. Whereunto are added many Rules for the valuing of the ruined Foundations in the City of London, and for the composing of Differences between Landlord and Tenant about re-building them. Also Rules and Tables for the valuing of all Party-walls; also Tables of Interest and Rebate, at 6 per Cent. The Second Part, shows the measuring of Land, Board, Timber, etc. correcting the false ways used by many therein. Also the Art of Gauging, much enlarged; showing not only the measuring of Wine, Beer and Ale Vessels, but also the gauging of all manner of Brewer's Tuns; with Tables of the Excise of Beer and Ale. Also many other Rules and Tables of Weights and Measures, Foreign and Domestic; Tables of Accounts, Expenses, etc. By John Phillips.  
There is now lately reprinted, these two Treatises of Dr. Wilkins, late Lord Bishop of Chester. The World in the Moon, and the Earth a Planet, with all the Schemes and Plates, new cut, and engraven. To be sold by John Gellibrand, at the Golden Ball in St. Paul's Churchyard,   

THE Physical Dictionary OF STEPHEN BLANCARD.  

A Baptista, 
see Modiolus.  Abdomen, 
which Juvenal calls sumen & equaliculus, is the lowermost Belly, containing the Liver, Spleen, Reins, Stomach, Intestines, Bladder, etc. The innermost part of it is begirt with a Membrane called the Peritonaeum, the foremost part is divided into the Epigastrum, the right and left Hypochondres and the Navel, and the lowermost Region or part is called Hypogastrium.  Ablactatio 
is when a Child of one or two years of Age is weaned.  Abortus 
is the bearing of a Faetus before the Female have gone out its full time, which happens either through the abundance of nutritious juice, or defect or depravation of it; as likewise it may come by a fall, a blow, a sudden fright, diuritics, etc.  Abscessus, 
see Apostema.  Abstemius 
is he who abstains from whatsoever meats and drinks his Physician has forbid him the use of.  Abstergentia 
are those things which consisting of rugged, hard, and sharp particles, do as it were shave and scour off all filth from the superficies, and the pores and passages of bodies, where they are frequently put into various fermentations from the spirits, and other elements jodged in those parts.  Acamatos 
signifies the best constitution and figuration of humane body, as also one that takes no pains, and a person that is not tired with it.  Acantabolus 
is a Surgeons Tool called Volsella, which is to take out Thorns, or any such prickly substance that shall chance to stick in the oesophagu; or Gullet.  Acautha 
is the most backward protuberance of the Vertebres, called spina dorsi, as also the Thorn of Trees or Plants.  Accessio, 
see Paroxismus.  Accidens, 
see Symptom.  Acetabulum 
is that cavity in the Hucklebone which is appointed to receive the head of the thighbone within it: Also certain glandules in the Chorion are called Acetabula, concerning which see Cotyledones.  Achlys 
is a certain dark distemper of the eye; it is reckoned amongst the species of Amblyopia, or dimness of sight.  Anchor 
is a sort of a crusted Scab which makes an itching and stink on the surface of the head, and is occasioned by a serous, salt and sharp matter; the difference betwixt an Anchor and Favus consists in this, that in Achors the holes or Cavities are small, and sometimes not visible; but in a Favus they are more large and conspicuous.  Achroi 
are men that have lost their colour, such as are melancholy persons, men of an ill habit of body, and they who are troubled with the Jaun: dies.  Acia Celsi, 
the same that Fibula Chyrurgorum.  Acida dyspepsia, 
see dyspepsia.  Acidulae, 
see Balanaeum.  Acinesia 
is the immobility of the body, or of any part thereof, as in a Palsy, Apoplexy, swooning, etc.  Acini, 
are small grains; whether they grow by themselves, as Elderberries; or shut up in a husk, as Grape-stones; nay, sometimes they are taken for the Grapes themselves.  Acmastica 
the same with Synochus.  Acme 
is the height of a disease: Many distempers have four Periods, the first is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the beginning, when the matter is but yet raw, as it were, and unripe; the second is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the growth or increase, when the morbific matter becomes a little digested and ripened; the third is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, when 'tis fully and completely so; the fourth is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the declension of a distemper when its rage is abated, and the Patient is judged beyond danger, for none die in the declension of a disease: This diversity of periods arises from the bloods imbibing of crude juices, which have their times of crudity, maturation, or ripening, defection, and volatility; and thus the case may be said to stand in Fevers and other distempers.  Acopum 
is a medicine which applied by fomentation, allays the sense of weariness, contracted by a too violent motion of the body, compounded of warming and mollifying ingredients.  Acosmia 
is an ill state of health, joined with the loss of colour in the face.  Acoustica 
are medicines which help the hearing.  Acrasia 
is the excess or predominancy of one quality above another in mixture.  Acrisia 
is when a distemper is in so uncertain and fluctuating a condition, that the Physician can hardly pass a right Judgement upon it.  Acr●●●olum 
is a species of warts.  Acromium 
is the upper process, or increase of the shoulderblade, or the top of the shoulder where the neck-bones are joined with the shoulderblades.  Acromphalum 
is the middle of the Navel.  Acros 
is the height and vigour of diseases, as also it signifies the prominency of bones, the tops of fingers, and of plants.  Acrotes 
is the vigour, top, and extremity of any thing, as sulphureous and saline particles exalted ad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is, brought to the most exalted vigour their nature is capable of.  Actio 
is an Operation or Function, which men perform either by the body alone, or by both body and mind; and it is either animal, which depends upon the brain; or natural, which is owing to the Cerebellum.  Acutus morbus, 
an acute disease, is that which is over in a little time, but not without imminent danger; and it is either very acute, or most acute; the later is meant when the distemper is over in three or four days; but the former is that which continues till the seventh day; or else a disease is called simply acute, when it lasts fourteen, or it may be twenty days; or lastly acute ex decidentia, which lasts forty days at most.  Aden 
is a glandule, which is either conglobated as the glandules of the Mesentery of the Groin, and the Pinealis, whose office is to dispense the separated humour to the veins, or conglomerated, like a Cluster, as the salival glandules, the Pancreas, or Sweetbread, etc. which convey their juice by their own proper channels into some notable cavities of the body; they are made up several little bladders, and fibres, or little hollow conduits disposed in a confused manner: Aden sometimes also signifies the same with bubo.  Adephagia 
is the greediness of children, who ever now and then fall to fresh feeding before their former victuals are digested.  Adeps, or Pinguedo, 
fat is a similar part, made of earthy and sulphereous blood, white, soft, insensible, apt to preserve natural heat, and nourish the body in time of need: The eyelids, the lips, the yard, the Scrotum, or outward skin of the cod, the membranes of the testicles, the brain, the tendons, the nerves, the bones, etc. are destitute of fat by nature. Adeps and Pinguedo differ in this, that Adeps is a thicker, harder, and more earthly substance than Pinguedo, the fat which is particularly meant by Adeps, flows from the blood through vessels into little bags or bladders appropriate thereunto, as is plain from the observation of Malphighius.  Adiapneustia 
is a different perspiration through the insensible pores of the body.  Adnata tunica 
is the common membrane of the eye, called Conjunctive; it springs from the skull, grows to the exterior part of the tunica cornea; and that the visible species may pass there, leaves a round cavity forward, to which is annexed another tunic, without any particular name made up of the tendons of those muscles which move the eye; by reason of its whiteness 'tis called Albuginia.  Aegilops, Angilops, and Anchylops, 
is a little swelling about the glandule of the eye called Carancula major, for the most part accompanied with an inflammation; Anchylops, and Aegilops are often used indifferently; yet some for distinction's sake say, that Anchylops is a swelling betwixt the greater corner of the eye, and the nose, not yet open; but that aegylops is a swelling betwixt the nose and angle of the eye, which if it be not seasonably opened, the bone underneath grows putrified; Aegilops is often taken for the Fistula lachrymalis; it signifies likewise a sort of grass that is destructive of Barley.  Aeipathia 
is a passion of long continuance.  Aeromeli 
is Manna, or aerial honey; for in Calabria and other places the air is impregnated with several delicious particles which in the night time cleave to trees, leaves, or any other thing they meet with; and in the day time, are farther concocted and condensated by the heat of the Sun.  Aetas 
is part of the duration of life, wherein from the continual action and fermentation of the blood and spirits, the temperature of humane bodies undergo a considerable and sensible change; and it is sixfold, 

Pueritia, childhood, which is reckoned to the fifth year of our age, is distinguished into the time before, at, and after breeding of teeth.  
2. Adolescentia, Youth, reckoned to the eighteenth, and youth properly so called to the twenty fifth year.  
3. Juventus, reckoned from the twenty fifth to the thirty fifth.  
4. Virilis Aetas, manhood, from the thirty fifth to the fiftieth.  
5. Senectus, old age, from fifty to sixty.  
6. Decrepita Aetas, decrepit age follows, which at last is all swallowed up in death.    Aetiologia 
is the cause or reason which is given of natural and preternatural contingencies in humane bodies; whence Aetilogica is part of Physic, which explains the causes of diseases and health.  Aetiologica, 
see Aetiologia.  Affectio Hypochondriaca; 
see Hypochondriacus affectus.  Affectus, 
the same with Pathema.  Agerazia 
is a growing old.  Agonia 
is fear and sadness of mind.  Agonia 
is barrenness, or impotence of the Womb, whereby the man's seed corrupts.  Agrippa 
is one who is born with his feet foremost.  Agrypnia 
signifies watching, or a dreaming slumber which proceeds from a too great agitation, or attension of the animal spirits in the pores of the brain, whence it happens that the pores are not permitted to close and wet.  Agripnocoma, 
the same that Coma Vigil.  Agyrta 
is a Mountebank, one who vends his Empyrical Receipts to the Rabble that surrounds him.  Aisthesis, 
or Sense, is either external, as seeing, hearing, smelling, taste, and touch; or internal, as the common sensory, (as 'tis usually called) the Fancy, the estimative faculty, and the memory; but two of them will serve the turn, the fancy and the memory; Aisthesis or sense, is a reception whereby motion from external objects being impressed upon the slender strings or fibres of the nerves, is communicated to the common sensory, or to the beginning of the medulla oblongata in the brain, by the mediation or continued motion of the animal spirits in the same nerves.  Aisteterium 
is the common sensory: which Cartesius and others his Abettors make the glandula pinealis; but the common sensory aught rather to be placed where the Nerves of the external senses are terminated, which is not in the glandula pinealis, but (as the most ingenious Willis has demonstrated) about the beginning of the medulla oblongata (or top of the spinal marrow) in the Corpus striatum.  Alae, 
signify the sides of the Nose; the little sins, as it were, of the nymphae, or the lips of a Woman's private parts; the upper part of the ear, the Armpits, and the process of the bone, Sphenoides.  Alantoides, 
see Allantoides.  Albara●nigra, 
see lepra Graecorum. Albaras alba, see Leuce.  Albuginea oculi, 
is a white tunic of the Eye, which proceeds from the pericranium, grows to the tunica cornea, and leaves a hole forward for the opening of the Apple of the Eye: see tunica adnata.  Albuginea testis, 
is the membrane which immediately involves the testicles.  Albugo oculi, 
is the same with album oculi, the white of the Eye; it signifies also a white speck in the tunica cornea, which proceeds either from humours, or a scar, or ulceration.  Album oculi, 
is that part of the Eye, where the tunica adnata, and the albuginea grows to the tunica sclerotes.  Albumen oculi, or albugo, 
the same with album oculi.  Alcali, 
is all such Salt as is extracted from the ashes of any substance by a boiled lixivium, or Lie, proper for any thing liquid as well as solid. 'Tis said to borrow its name from the herb Kali, with whose Salt the Egyptians, as well as we, make glass.  Alchymia, 
is the same with Chymia.  Alcohol, 
is the purer substance of any thing separated from the impurer; it signifies also most subtle and refined dust; and sometimes a most highly rectified Spirit, in so much that if it be set on fire, it shall burn all away without any dregs or phlegm at the bottom.  Alcol, 
the same with Alcohol.  Alcool, 
the same that Alcohol.  Alembicus, 
or Alembicum, is a Chemical Instrument used in Stilling. It has the shape of an helmet, concave within, and convex without; and towards the bottom is placed a beek or nose, about a cubit long, by which the vapours descend; if they be made without a nose, they are rather used in circulatory vessels; they are made of Brass, Pewter, or Glass.  Alexipharmacum, 
is a medicine which expels poison, so that it shall not be hurtful to the Body; they are most commonly such things as attenuate the Blood, that it cannot be coagulated with Poison in the Air, as Acids.  Alexiterium, 
is a remedy which preserves the Body, that it take not Poison.  Algema, 
Pain, is a sad troublesome Sensation, impressed upon the Brain from a smart Vexatious irritation of the Nerves; it arises from either a sensible or insensible solution of the Continuum.  Algematodes, 
the same with Algema.  Alhasef, 
the same with Hydroa.  Alkahest, 
signifies an universal Menstruum or liquor, which resolves Bodies into their first matter, still preserving the virtues of their seeds and essential form: a thing of great fame, if of equal virtue, which every one estimates according to his success in the Operation. Some take it for prepared Mercury, others for Tartar.  Aliformes processus, 
are the prominencies of the Os Cuneiforme, from the fore part.  Alimentum, 
is a Body so convenient for, and adapt to the nature of an animal, that it may be digested by its heat and fermentation, and assimilated into its own nature; and it is either Meat or Drink. Upon the account of its different degrees, it is taken three ways by Hypocrates; one is for future nourishment, which passes from the Mouth into the Ventricle or stomach: another is for that which is as it were nourishment, and that is the arterious Blood and animal Spirits. The third is true or proper nourishment, that which fastens to the parts, and at last is assimilated into their nature.  Alindeses, 
is an exercitation of the Body, wherein people first anointed with Oil, were wont afterwards to roll themselves in the dust.  Alipasma, 
is a small dust, which mixed with Oil is used to be soaked into the Body to hinder sweeting.  Alitura, 
is the action of a live Body, whereby the perpetual waste of Blood, Spirits, and substance, is as continually repaired by the accession of new nutritious juice, rightly prepared and fermentated, and then stuck upon the parts that are to be nourished.  Allantoides, 
is the urinary tunic, placed betwixt the Amnion and the Chorion, which by the Navel and Urachus, (or passage by which the Urine is conveyed from the Infant in the Womb), receives the urine that comes out of the Bladder. 'Tis called likewise Farciminalis, because that in many brutes 'tis of the shape of a gut-pudding; but in man and some other few animals, it is round, and like the thin soft skin which wrappeth the Child in the Womb.  Allioticum, 
is a Medicine which by Fermentation and cleansing altars and purifies the Blood; boiled up for the most part of the root of Sowthistle, Cichory, Fennel, Endive, Lettuce, etc.  Allogotrophia, 
is a disproportionate nutrition, when one part of the Body is nourished disproportionately to another.  Alopecia 
is a shedding of the Hair, occasioned by the Pox, or otherwise. So called from a Fox, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, whose Urine is said to make places bald and barren for a year, as the Scholiast of Callimachus observes; or from a disease peculiar to a Fox. It is called likewise, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the figure, because that the parts smooth and destitute of Hair, look winding like a Serpent, in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. It's common to both these Distempers that the hair falls, of Areatem, by shedding, whence in general this Disease is called Area.  Alphus 
is described by Celsus, to be a Distemper wherein the white colour of the skin is somewhat rough, but not continued, like so many several drops: Sometimes it disperses itself wider, and with some intermissions. Alphus is likewise called morphaea; it differs from Leuce, in that it penetrates not so deep.  Alterantia, 
the same with Alliotica.  Alteratio 
is a depuration, or a preparation and expurgation of the Blood by breathing a Vein, or purging.  Alvearium 
is the cavity of the inward Ear, near the passage which conveys the sound, where that yellow and bitter excrementitious stuff is bred.  Alvi fluxus, 
the same with Diarrhaea.  Amalgamatio 
is the corrosion of metal by Mercury.  Amaurosis 
is a dimness of sight, whether the object be placed near or at a distance; but so, that no external fault appear in the Eye, if you inspect it never so narrowly; the defect consists in the obstruction of the optic nerve; it is called also gutta serena.  Ambe 
is a superficial jutting out of the Bones: also a Surgeons Instrument with which disjointed Bones are set again.  Amblotica 
are Medicines which make abortive, as are all diuretics.  Amblyopia 
is dulness of sight, which is-fourfold; Myopia, Presbytia, Nyctalopia, and Amaurosis, of which in their proper place.  Ambonae, 
the same with ambe.  Ambrosia 
is a solid Medicine, but prepared as grateful and pleasant as can be; it seems to take its name from the meat of the gods, because the gods eat Ambrosia, and drink Nectar.  Ambustio 
is a solution of the Continuum, caused by some external burning matter which offends the inward thin skin always, oftentimes the outward thick skin, and sometimes also the muscles, veins, arteries, nerves and tendons.  Amethodicum 
is that which is done without any methodical rational prescription, as your Empyricks, or Quacks do.  Amma, or Bracherium, 
is a sort of a girdle, useful to those who are troubled with a Rupture in the Belly, wherewith the privy parts are closely connected with the Abdomen, the Ribs, and the Loins, lest the intestines should fall out. It seems to have took its name of Bracherium, from the girdles which are made for the Reins and Loins, which Isidorus calls the Amber Monkish Bracelet; it is called Brachile or Brachiale, though it be not any girdle belonging to the Arms, but the Reins. Cassianus calls it rebrachiatorum, whence without doubt the Bracherium of the Chyrugeons had its rise; that girdle or swath which they use in Ruptures of the Belly.  Amnion 
is the membrane with which the faetus in the Womb is most immediately clad, which with the rest of the secundinae, the chorion and alantois, is ejected after the birth; it is whiter and thinner than the chorion. It contains not only the faetus, but the nutritious humour, whence the faetus by the Mouth and Throat sucks its nourishment. It is outwardly clothed with the urinary membrane, and the chorion, which sometimes stick so close to one another, that they can scarce be separated.  Amolyntum 
is a Medicine which will not defile the hands that touch it.  Amphemerinus 
is a Quotidian distemper.  Amphiblestroides, 
or the tunica retina of the Eye, is a soft, white, and slimy substance, which is so named, because that being thrown in the water, it resembles a net. It shoots from the very centre of the optic nerve; and expanding itself over the vitreous humour, is extended as far as the ligament of the Eyelids; this tunic, in that it is whitish and of a marrowy substance, seems to proceed from the very marrowy and fibrous substance of the optic nerve; so that it is as it were an expansion of nervous fibres, which are there gathered into one bundle, into a contexture made like a net; and indeed if the whole eye were taken for a flower which grows to the brain by the stalk, as I may call it, of the opticknerve, the tunica retina would be the very flower itself, and the two former by only in the nature of a stem; They receive the sensible species within the bed of the eye much after the same manner as a whited wall in a darkened chamber receives and represents the visible species which are intromitted through a little hole.  Amphibranchia 
are places about those glandules in the jaws which moisten the Aspera Arteria, Stomach, etc.  Amphidaeum 
is the top of the mouth of the Womb, like the lips of a cupping-glass.  Amphismela 
is an anatomical instrument, useful in the dissection of bodies.  Amulatum 
is the same with Periamma.  Amygdalae, 
the same with Antias and Paristhmia.  Amigdalatum 
is an artificial milk, or an emulsion made of almonds, and other things.  Ana 
is an equal portion of different ingredients in the same receipt.  Anabasis 
is the increase of diseases.  Anabatica, 
see Synochus.  Anabrochismus 
is when any thing superfluous and corrupted is taken up by the letting down of a band fit for that purpose; it is likewise a way of drawing out the inverted prickling hairs of the eyelids, by the help of a thread of fine silk in the eye of a needle; which when you have doubled, you put the hair through, and draw it out.  Anabrosis 
is a consuming or waist of any part of the body by sharp humours.  Anacatharsis 
is a medicine that discharges nature by some of the upper parts; as any thing that provokes to vomit, to sneezing, to salivation, etc.  Anacollema, 
is a sort of ointment, or dry medicine, either applied to the forehead and nostrils to stop bleeding; it signifies likewise a medicine that will breed flesh, and conglutinate the parts.  Anadiplosis 
is a frequent reduplication of Fevers.  Anadosis 
is whatsoever tends upward in the body, as the distribution of Chyle, or a Vomit.  Anaisthesia 
in defect of sensation, as in paralytic and blasted persons.  Analeptica 
are medicines which cherish and renew the strength; it signifies also a part of Hygieina, or art of preserving health, whereby weak persons are recovered.  Analgesia 
signisies indolency, or absence of pain and grief.  Analogia, 
see Analogismus.  Analogismus 
is a comparison and perception of causes that help by likeness.  Analysis 
is the reduction of a body into its first principles; also it is an Anatomical demonstration of the parts of man's body, which is performed by insisting upon the parts severally.  Anamnestica 
are medicines which restore the memory, as all spirituous things do.  Anaplerosis 
is part of Chirurgery, whereby that which either Nature has denied, or has by chance decayed, is restored by art.  Anarrhopus 
is the same with Anodosis.  Anasarcha 
is a white, soft, yielding tumour of the whole outward body, or of some of its parts, which dints in by compressing the flesh; it is caused by the blood upon a double account; first, when it does not rightly sanguisie, or assimilate the Chyle; and again, when it is not rightly accended in the Lungs. The blood thus perverted, pours forth the Serum at the extremities of the Arteries in greater quantity than it can receive and reduce by the Veins and Lymphducts, or expel by the Veins and Pores, and other passages that send it forth. If the humours be too viscous, it is called Leucophlegmatia.  Anastoichiasis 
is a Chemical resolution of bodies.  Anastomasis 
is an effluxion of the Blood, the Lympha or Chyle, at the meeting of Vessels that close not narrowly. It is also taken for the mutual opening of Veins and Arteries into one another, as some long ago dreamt, though they were awake; for this were to offer violence to the Laws of Circulation: yet it is not impossible neither, since Veins open into Veins, and Arteries into Arteries; as is plain in the Spermatick Vessels; the Plexus Choroides, rete mirabile, etc.  Anastomotica 
are Medicines which open the Pores and Passages, as Purgatives, Sudoriferous things, and Diuretics.  Anatasis 
is the extension of the Body towards the upper parts.  Anatica portio, 
See ana.  Anatomia 
is a neat Dissection of an Animal, especially Man, whereby the Parts are severally discovered and explained, for the use of Physic and Natural Philosophy.  Anatomicus 
is a Physician that is skilful in Dissections.  Anatripsis 
is a bruising or Comminution of the Stone, or a Bone.  Anchoralis processus, 
See Ancyroides.  Anchyle 
is a contraction of a Joint, or the back part of the Knee.  Anchylops, 
the same that Aegilops.  Ancon, 
or the top of the Elbow, is strictly taken for the backward and greater shooting forth of that Bone of the Cubit which is called Ulna.  Anconaeus, 
See in Ancon.  Ancyle 
is the contraction of the Ham. See Anchyle.  Ancyloblepharum 
is the growing of the Eyelid to the tunica cornea, or to the Albuginea, or when as it sometimes happens, both the Eye lids grow together: this concretion sometimes happens before the delivery of a Child, and then 'tis the fault of the Birth.  Ancyloglessum 
is when the little string under the Tongue is too straight tied, which causes difficulty of utterance.  Ancyroides 
is the shooting forth of the Shoulder-bone like a beek, which is called Coracoides, Anchoralis, and Cornicularis.  Androgynus, or an Hermaphrodite, 
is one who hath both Man and Woman's Members: also one who has had his Members cut out; also Effeminate.  Aneurisma 
is a dilatation or bursting of the Arteries, always beating, and swelling sometimes to the bigness of an Egg, which yields, if you compress it, but recoils presently.  Angina 
is an Inflammation of the Jaws or Throat, attended with a continual Fever, and a difficulty of respiration and swallowing: and it is twofold; either Supria or Exquisita, a bastard or a true squinsy: the later is again , Synanche, Parasynanche, Cynanche, and Parachynanche: of all which in their proper place.  Anhelatio, 
See Asthma.  Any procidentia, 
See Procidentia ani.  Animal is facultas, 
the Animal Faculty, is an Action whereby a man exercises Sense, Motion, and the principle functions of the Mind, which are three, Imagination, Ratiocination, and Memory.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 purgare, 
to discharge upwards, as in a Vomit, etc. opposite whereunto is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 purgare, to do it downwards.  Anodynum 
is a Medicine that allays Pain.  Anoea. 
is Madness, or an extinction of the Imagination and Judgement.  Anomeomeres 
is the same with Heterogeneus; or that which consists of several and different Particles.  Anorexia 
is a loathing of Meat, arising from an ill disposition of the Stomach.  Antagonista 
is the opposite Situation of Muscles, as may be seen betwixt the Adductor and Abductor, that which contracts and expands the Arm.  Antarthriticam 
is a Medicine against the Gout.  Antasthmatica 
are Medicines proper for Asthmatic people.  Antecedens causa, 
See Proegumena.  Antecedentia signa, 
Antecedent Signs are such as are observed before a Disease, as an ill disposition of the Pancreatic Juice, or the Bile, is an Antecedent cause to infinite Diseases.  Antemetica 
are such things as hinder Vomiting too much.  Antendaxis 
is a Countre-indication, or a contradictory indication, which forbids that to be used which the former indication suggested as proper: as for instance, abundance of ill juice in blood requires Evacuation; but then again the weakness of the Patient may forbid it.  Antepileptica 
are Medicines against the Falling-sickness.  Anthelix 
is the Protuberance of the Ear, or the inward brink of the outward Ear.  Antherum 
is any thing that's florid in our Bodies. Anthera are also the tops in the middle of Flowers, which lean upon little hairy threads.  Anthracosis oculi 
is a scaly corrosive Ulcer of the Eye, attended with a Defluxion and fear of the whole Body, especially about the Eyes. The Cause is now and then an Inflammation of the Eye from a Malignant Fever.  Anthrax, Carbo, Pruna, or Carbunculus, 
is defined to be a Tumour that arises in several places, surrounded with hot fiery and most sharp Pimples, accompanied with acute Pain, but without ever being suppurated; and when it spreads itself farther, it burns the Flesh, throws off lobes of it when it is rotten, and leaves an Ulcer behind it, as if it had been burnt in with an Iron.  Anthypnotica 
are Medicines which hinder Sleep.  Anthysterica 
are Medicines good against the Fits of the Mother.  Antias, 
in the Plural Antiades, Tonsillae, Glandules of the Neck, which Surgeons commonly call Almonds, which they do not too much resemble neither. They are two Glandules, which in reality make but up one Body, placed at the sides of the Epiglottis, or cover of the Windpipe; its substance is similar, and made like separate Grains, just like Honey or Oil, hardened with cold; but that they stick closer together, as if they were joined by a Membrane; 'tis of somewhat a yellowish Colour, and soft; it had on each side one common large oval hollow passage which opens into the Mouth within the skirt, whereof it contains two somewhat big, and several less Cavities. It's use is to collect the snotty viscous Matter, and to moisten the adjacent parts therewith. It signifies also, the Inflammations of these parts. See Paristhmia.  Antiballomena 
are Medicines of a like strength, which are now and then used in the defect of one another: Apothecaries call them quid pro quo.  Anticardium 
is a cavity in the Breast above the region or place of the Heart.  Anticnemium 
is the former part of the Leg.  Antidotum 
is a Medicine against deadly Poison.  Antinephritica 
are Medicines which Cure the Distempers of the Reins.  Antipathia 
is a Contrariety and Repugnancy in the Body, or in Medicines: also a loathing and abhorrence of any thing without a manifest cause.  Antiperistasis 
is the surrounding of the Air, as in Hay that is cocked and made up into Ricks too moist. Hypocrates the first great Author of Physic, says in his Aphorisms, That Bodies are hotter in Winter, and colder in Summer. I interpret it thus, That this does not come only from the Antiperistasis of the Air, but from the Nitre with which the Air in Wintertime is impregnated; especially, when the Northwind blows; so that when we come to breathe, the Sulphureous Blood is more fermentated and inflamed in the Lungs.  Antipharmacum 
is a Remedy against Poison; or a Remedy against any other Disease.  Antipleuriticum 
signifies any Remedy against a Pleurisy.  Antipyreuticum, or antipureticum, 
is a Medicine that temperates and allays too much heat in Fevers, as any acides do.  Antiqui morbi, 
old Diseases, are such as from the fourth day continue often many Years, and therefore they are called also inveterate.  Antipasis 
is a revulsion of a Disease; that is, when Humours which flow into some one part, are turned into another by the opening of a Vein in a remote part.  Antispasmodicum 
is a Medicine that hinders contractions.  Antispasticum 
is a Medicine that diverts Distempers to other parts.  Antitasis 
is an opposite placing of parts in the Body, as the Liver, and the Spleen.  Antrum buccinosum, 
the same with Cochlea.  Anus 
is the extremity of the intestinum rectum; it consists of Three Muscles, two called levatores, which distend and open it in time of necessity; and one called Sphincter, which shuts it, and keeps it so. It is also a cavity in the Brain, which arises from the contact of four Truncs of the Spinal Marrow; also the Skin which goes over the Navel, which when wrinkled, are a sign of old Age.  Aorta, 
or the great Artery, is a Vessel which proceeds from the left Ventricle of the Heart, consisting of four Tunics, a Nerveous, Glandulous, Muscular, and Membrancous, or Internal one; it beats continually, and distributes Blood into the whole Body for nourishment. The branches which creep from the Heart to the Brain, are called Carotites: those which run laterally towards the Arms, are called Humerar is: as the Trunc of it descends, the Branches extend themselves towards the Bowels: and going further on to the Thighs and Feet, it ends.  Apagma 
is the thrusting of a Bone or other part out of its proper place.  Apanthismus 
is the Obliteration of a part in the Body, so that it can be no more found; as it often happens to a little Arterious Pipe about the Heart.  Apathia 
is an utter want of Passions.  Apepsia 
is when the Stomach has no Concoction.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 
are Crude Wheals or Knobs in the Body, not yet ripe.  Aperientia, 
opening things, are those which consisting of sharp, small Particles, penetrate the Body profoundly, and by attenuating and expelling the more crass and gross, open the Pores and Passages of the Body and its Vessels.  Aperistatoes 
is a hollow Ulcer.  Aphoeresis 
is a part of Chirurgery so called; which teaches to take away superfluities.  Aphonia 
is want of Voice.  Aphorismus 
is a short determinative sentence.  Aphrodisius morbus, 
the same with Lues Venerea.  Aphthaes 
are Wheals or Pimples about the Internal parts of the Mouth; as also about the Ventricle and Guts, which when they come to be ripe, fall off by piece-meal, and are often accompanied with a Fever in those of riper Years. In newborn Children, I believe it arises from some Impurities which the Mass of Blood contracts in the Mother's Womb; for the Blood for want of Eventilation there, being more impure, presently after the birth of the Faetus gins to flourish and refine. Celsus' Aphthae are otherwise described; but, says He, There are extreme dangerous Ulcers in Children, which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for they often kill them. There is not the same danger in Men and Women. These Ulcers begin in the Gums, then by little and little spread over the Palate and the whole Mouth; and then at last descend to the Epiglottis, or cover of the Wind pipe, and the upper part of the Throat, which being once Infected, the Child hardly recovers.  Apnaea 
is a suppression of Respiration, either wholly, or at least to Sense.  Apochylisma, 
called Succago, Robub, and Rob, is the boiling and thickening of any juice with Sugar and Honey, into a kind of a hard consistence.  Apocope 
is the cutting off of a part.  Apocrusticum 
is any thing that helps by virtue of binding and repelling.  Apodacryticum 
is a Medicine that provokes Tears.  Apolepsis 
is the interception of Blood and Animal Spirits.  Apomeli, 
is Oxymel, or a Decoction of Honey and Vinegar.  Aponeurosis 
is the end, tail, or string of Muscles; it is called also a Tendon. Surgeons take it falsely for a Nerve.  Apoflegmatica, 
See Apophlegmatismus.  Apoflegmatismus, Commansum, some Physicians call it in Barbarous Language Masticatorium; 
it is a Medicine which being kept in the Mouth, and often also chewed, draws forth Pituitous Humours, which are excited at the Mouth, made of the Root of bastard Pellitory, Salt, Holly, Mastich, Wax, etc. when it is used in this solid Form, it is called Masticatorium: it is used also in a Liquid Form, and is of the Nature of a Gargarism, made up of Cephalics, and attenuating Ingredients, boiled and prepared.  Apophthora 
is an Abortion, or the Birth of a Faetus before its due time.  Apophysis, Probole, Echphysis, Processus, Productio, Projectura, & Protuberantia, 
is a part of a Bone that is not contiguous, as an Epiphysis is, but continuous with the Bone, and stretching itself beyond a plain surface.  Apoplecta 
is the Jugular Vein, which the Ancients falsely called, the Soporalis, or Sleepy Vein.  Apoplexia, Attonitus stupor, Sideratio, and Morbus attonitus, 
is a profound Sleep, wherein the Patient being vehemently shaken, tossed, and pricked, yet perceives nothing, nor affords any sign of Action; accompanied with a difficulty of Respiration for the most part, and sometimes with none at all: it arises frequently from viscous Blood, which obstructs the least Pores of the Brain: or from Blood Extravasated about the Basis of the Brain, which oppresses and straitens the Carotidal Arteries, or the Brain.  Aporrhoae 
are Vapours, and Sulphureous Effluviums which exhale through the pores of the body, and other breathing holes.  Apositia 
is a loathing of Meat.  Apospasma 
is when the unity of Organical compounded parts is dissolved, and those things which were of different natures, yet naturally compacted together, are disjoined by the Rupture of those Ligaments, and little Fibrous Threads or Filments which held them together: as when the Skin is separated from a Membrane, a Membrane from a Muscle, one Muscle from another; and in short, any one part from another, which naturally adhered to it.  Apostasis, 
see Apostema.  Apostema, 
which Pliny calls Apostasis, Hypocrates Metastasis, and Celsus, Abscessus; is an Exulceration left after a Crisis: but Apostasis, and Metastasis sometimes differ in this, That the former is meant of an Accurate Crisis, the later of the translation of a Disease from one part to another.  Aposurma 
is a shaving away of the Skin, or Bone.  Apotherapia 
is a Cure, or Remedy: also an Exercitation, which both Purges the Excrements, and secures from Weariness.  Apothermus, 
the same with Apochilysma.  Apozema, the Apothecaries call it a Decoction, 
is a Decoction of Roots, Woods, Barks, Herbs, Flowers, Fruits, Seeds, etc. which is boiled down commonly to Twelve, Fifteen, or Twenty Ounces. It is either Purging, Loosning, Altering, or Drying, Cephalic (for the Head) Stomachic, Diuretic, Splenetic, or Hepatic, (good for the Liver.)  Appetitus alimentarius, or Hunger, 
is a certain Constitution of the Fancy, arising from the Motion of a Nerve of the par vagum, and the Intercostal, which for want of Nourishment, is moved inordinately in the Stomach; whereby we are impelled for Animal Spirits, to those Motions of our Members which are most conducive to the procuring of Nourishment. It is occasioned in as much as the Animal Spirits being any way excited about the middle of the Brain, shoot thence towards the body of the Nerves: or it may be thus defined, appetitus alimentarius is an incitement to seek Nourishment, proceeding from an acid Humour which arises from a ferment in the Stomach, with which the Nerves being vellicated, they communicate the sense of want of Nourishment to the Brain; which want, the Brain naturally judges ought to be supplied.  Apsychia 
is a Deliquium of the Mind.  Aptystus 
is want of Spittle, so that a Man cannot spit.  Apyrexia 
is an intermission, or cooling of Fevers: the cause of it is, that all the Morbific Matter is spent in one Fit, and it intermits till new come, and begin to swell and ferment as the other.  Aqua distillata, 
distilled Water, is such as is drawn out by Distilling, consisting of Watery and Spirituous Parts, but more of Watery.  Aqua inter cutim, 
Water betwixt the Skin; the same with Anasarca.  Aqualiculus, 
or the lowest part of the Belly; the same with Hypogastrium.  Aquaeus' humour, 
the Watery Humour, see Humores Oculi.  Arachnoides 
is the Cristalyne tunic of the Eye; so called from its likeness to a Spiders Web.  Araeotica, 
see Rarefacientia.  Aranea tunica, or Cristalyna, 
is that which surrounds the Cristalyne humour, by reason of its light thin contexture, like the workmanship of a Spider, it has the name of Aranea.  Arcanum Theophrasto 
is the Quintessence of a thing most highly exalted, or, as He says, it is the virtue of a thing Refined by a thousand Exaltations. He boasts of four Arcana especially; 

1. The Arcanum of the First Matter.  
2. Of the Philosopher's Stone.  
3. Of the Mercury of Life.  
4. Of Tincture.   Others call it an Extract specially so called.  Arch 
is the beginning of a Disease.  Archaeus 
is the highest, and exalted, and invisible Spirit, which is separated from Bodies, is Exalted and Ascends, an hidden Virtue of Nature common to all things; an Artist, a Physician. Also Archiatios, or the Chief Physician of Nature, which distributes to every thing, and to every Member its peculiar Archaeus occultly by the Air. Also Archaeus the first in Nature, is a most occult quality, which produces all things from Iliastes, being only immediately sustained by the Divine Virtue itself.  Arcuatus Morbus, 
see Icterus.  Ardentes febres, 
burning Fevers, are those which are accompanied with a great Heat and Thirst, by reason of a too high Exaltation of the Sulphur; as in that called causus, and lipiria.  Ardour 
is a very intense acute Heat raised in our Bodies by a too high Exaltation of Sulphur or Spirits.  Ardour ventriculi, 
that which we call Heartburning, is a particular sort of Pain in the Stomach which at the same time molests the whole Gullet; some call it a Fervent Heat of the Stomach; some an Ebullition, and a boiling bubbling heat of the Stomach; when a certain fiery Pain is felt in the Ventricle, and the Throat, as if it burned; it happens often to people that are in good Health enough, and that either Feeding or Fasting; especially when they belch, as if there were a fiery sort of Blast closely penned up, and which could not break out. Yet it happens sometimes in Fevers too. It is caused by a certain effervescence of little, very sharp bileous particles, with Sulphureous, whence is perceived that Ebullition, or bubbling heat of the Stomach.  Area; 
Celsus reckons two sorts of Areas. This is common to both of them, that the uppermost little Skin being decayed, the hairs are first lessened, and then fall off: and if the place be beat, it sends forth a liquid matter of an ill savour; both of them spread in some swiftly, in others slowly; that is the worst that makes the Skin thick, fattish, and perfectly bald: That which is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dilates itself in any shape, it happens both in the Head, and in the Beard; the former is called, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from its resembling a Serpent, it gins at the hinder part of the Head, exceeds not the breadth of two fingers, spreads itself towards the Ears in two branches, in some to the Forehead, till they both join in the fore part of the Head: the one Distemper is incident to any Age; the other common to Infants. The former is scarce ever cured, the later often ends of his own accord.  Arena, 
Gravel, is a thing bred in the body of a great deal of Salt and Earth, which often grows up into a Stone.  Argemon 
is a little Ulcer of the Eye in that circle of it which is called Iris, comprehending part of the white and black.  Arilli, 
the same with acini.  Aroma 
is any Odoriferous Spice, as Cloves, Cinnamon, Galangal, etc.  Arquatus, 
the same with Icterus.  Arteria trachea, or Aspera, the Windpipe, 
is a Cartilaginous Vessel implanted in the Lungs, and consisting of various rings and parts: the forepart of it is full of ligaments, and depressed for the better passing of the Gullet; its upper part is called Larynx, and the lower Bronchius: its use is for the Voice and taking in breath.  Arteria aorta, or magna, the great Artery, 
is a Vessel that beats continually, fastened to the left Ventricle of the Heart: it consists of four tunics, and receives the Blood in the Lungs, which is sent from the Heart, and Elaborated by the Nitre in the Air, and diffuses it through the whole Body for its Nourishment.  Arteria caeliaca, 
see caeliaca arteria.  Arteriaca, 
see Arteria.  Arteriotomia 
is an Artificial opening of an Artery, for the Letting of Blood in an inveterate Headache, Madness, Falling-sickness, Pain and Inflammation in the Eyes and Ears. The Section is made in the Forehead, Temples, or behind the Ears: the manner of it is thus, After the ligatures made in the Arms or Neck, the Artery is cut just as a Vein is, and when the blood is Emitted, you apply a very Astringent Plaster, with a Leaden Plate, to the Orifice, and then swath it well; the Cure is performed in Seven or Nine days time.  Arthritica, 
see in Arthritis,  Arthritis, or Morbus articularis, the Gout, 
exercises its Tyranny about two or three, or more Joints; and it is defined to be a pain about the Joints, proceeding from an effervescence of the Nervous Acid Juice, with the fixed Saline Particles of the Blood, whence the Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments, the thin Membranes about the Bones, are contracted, and miserably Tormented; whence proceeds Swell, Redness, hard sandy concretions in several parts of the Body, and other symptoms that accompany it. It is fourfold, Chiragia, the Gout in the Hands; Ischias, in or about that Bone which is connected to the Os Ilium: Gonagra, in the Knees; and Podagra, in the Feet, almost an incurable Distemper.  Arthritis vaga, a Wandering Gout, 
is a Disease in the Joints that creates pain sometimes in one Limb, sometimes in another. It proceeds from a double cause. We may suppose in this Disease a great many heaps, as it were, of fixed Salt thrust out from the Mass of the Blood, to be placed like so many Nests here and there about the Limbs and Joints, which being treasured up in several distinct Cells, or Repositories, like the Spawn of Fish, or the Seed of Women; the lower recrements of the Nervous Juice comes afterwards, like the Man's Seed, and Impregnates them; and hence from the mutual Effervescence of these two, the Membranes and Nervous Fibers being vellicated and contracted cause an extraordinary quick and acute Pain. It is called vaga, wand'ring, because 'tis not constant to one and the same place, as the true Gout is.  Arthrodia 
is the joining of Bones, when the cavity that receives the Bone is in the Surface, and the little head or top of the Bone that is received, is depressed: as in the lower Jawbone, with the Bone of the Temples.  Arthon 
is a Joint, or Connexion of Bones, proper for the performing of Motion. Articuli are sometimes the Knuckles of the Fingers.  Anthropologia 
is the Doctrine of Man: which Batholine distinguishes into two parts: Anatomy, which Treats of the Body and its Parts; and Psucologie, which Treats of the Soul.  Arthrosis, 
the same that Articulatio.  Articularis morbus, 
see Arthritis.  Articulatio 
is a Conjunction of Limbs for the performing of Motion: and it is twofold, Diarthrosis, or a more lose Articulation: and Synarthrosis, or a closer.  Articulus, 
see Arthron.  Artomeli 
is Broth made of honey and bread.  Artus 
are Members growing to Cavities in the body, and distinguished by Joints.  Arytaenoides 
are two Cartilages, which with others make up the top of the Larynx; it is taken also for certain Muscles of the Larynx.  Arythmus 
is a Pulse lost to sense.  Ass, or Assis, 
is the least piece of Money that's Currant, and in Weight a Pound.  Asaphia 
is a lowness of Voice, which proceeds from a lose or ill constitution or contemporation of the Organs.  Ascaris, or Ascarides, 
are little worms which breed in the Intestinum rectum, and then tickle and trouble it. They are bred of some Excrements which stay longer than they ought, and there putrefy.  Ascites 
is a Dropsy or swelling of the Abdomen, and consequently of the Scrotum, Thighs, and Feet; proceeding from a Serous, and sometimes Lymphatic or Chylous Matter, like the washing of flesh, collected in the cavity of those parts.  Asef, 
the same with Hydrea.  Asema 
is a Crisis beyond hope, happening without any previous indication by signs.  Asitia 
is a loathing of Meat.  Asodes, 
see Assodes,  Aspera Arteria, or Trachea, 
is an Oblong Pipe, consisting of various Cartilages and Membranes, which begin at the Throat, or lower part of the Jaws, lies upon the Gullet, descends into the Lungs, and is dispersed by manifold Ramifications or Branches through their whole substance: the upper part is called Larynx, and the lower Bronchus, to which Malpighius adds a third, or lowest, called by him Vesicular: It is subservient to Speech and Respiration.  Asphyxia 
is a pulse that is sensibly decayed.  Assodes 
signifies a continual Fever, wherein the outward parts are moderately warm, but with a great heat within, an insatiable drought, perpetual tossing, watching, and raving.  Asthma 
is a frequent respiration, joined with an hissing, a sound, and a cough, especially in the Nighttime. The causes thereof are a sharp and scorbutic blood, which too much vellicates the Organs of respiration, and puts them into a mere convulsive motion, whereby the Lungs are puffed up, and the Circulation of the Blood is hindered; whence suffocations, 'swounds, and coughs easily proceed.  Astragalus 
is the first and most principal Bone, which together with other little bones in the Foot, make up that little part of the Foot which immediately succeedeth the Leg in Beasts, called the Pastern.  Astringentia, 
binding things, are those which with the thickness and figure of their Particles, force and bind together the parts of the body.  Astrologia 
is a reasoning about the Virtues of the Stars; not so necessary to Physicians, as the Ancients imagined.  Astronomia 
is a naming of the Stars, or a knowledge of the laws and rules of Stars and Constellations; or a knowledge concerning, or about the Stars.  Ataxia 
is a confounding of Critical Days.  Atecnia, 
the same with Agonia.  Atheroma 
is a tumour contained within its own coat, arising from a pappy humour, without pain, not easily yielding to the Fingers, nor leaving any dint after 'tis compressed.  Athymia 
is a Defection or Anxiety of Mind.  Atlas 
is the first Vertebre under the Head; so called, because it seems to hold up the Head; it wants Marrow.  At●mus 
is a Body so small, that it is not capable o● being divided into lesser parts, as are the Elementary Particles of Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Water, and Earth.  Atonia 
is a faintness, infirmity, defect of strength.  Atra Bilis 
is a sulphureous, and saline, earthy, adust and black blood, which is bred in the body, and gathered in the Spleen; for there it is volatilised, and exalted into a ferment fit to mix with the blood.  Atretus 
is one whose Fundament or privy parts are not perforated.  Atrophia, or Tabes, 
is when the whole body, or any one part of it is not nourished, but gradually withers and decays away. Tabes is often taken only for an Ulcer in the Lungs, whereby the whole body by little and little perishes and decays.  Atta, 
says Festus, is one who by reason of the tenderness of, or other defects in his Feet, touches the ground, rather than treads it.  Attenuantia, or incidentia, 
are those things which opening the Pores with their acute Particles, cut the thick and viscous humours in the body.  Attonitus morbus, 
the same with an apoplexy; Celsus takes it for Blasting.  Attrahentia, 
drawing things, are those which opening the Pores with their little Particles, and dilating the humours, and expelling them, where their resistance is weaker, not only swell the parts, and make them red; but by driving more vapours and humours out of the Skin and Flesh than can make their way through a thick inner Skin, gather them under it, and swell it into little bladders.  Auctio 
is Nutrition, whereby more is restored than was lost.  Auditus, Hearing, 
is a Sense wherein sounds from the various trembling Motion of the circum ambient Air, beating the Drum of the Ear, are communicated to the common sensory by the auditory Ne●ve, and are there felt and perceived.  Augme●tum Febricum, or incrementum, 
is a computation from what time the heat of a continual Fever has seized upon the whole Mass of Blood, till it hath arrived at the height.  Aureus 
is a sort of Weight amongst the Arabians, of a Dram, and a Seventh part; the same with Denarius.  Auricula infima, 
the same with Lobus auris.  Auricula cordis, 
Ear of the Heart; there are two of them, the right and the left; the right receives the blood from the vena cava, or great Vein, which is carried into the right Ventricle, and then enters the Lungs: the left is that which receives the blood rightly prepared and fermented by the Nitrous Air from the Lungs, that it may be discharged by the left Ventricle into the great Artery, and thence be distributed into every part of the body.  Aurigo, 
the same with Icterus.  Auris, the Ear, 
is the Organ of hearing, which is either External, whose upper part is called Pinna, or Ala; and the under Lobus, the Lobe, or Auricula infima, the lowest part of the Ear: its External circumference is called Helix; the Internal, Anthelix, or internal; in which you may consider the Drum, the four little Bones, with the little Muscles, the Concha, or Hollowness, the Foramen Ovale, the Oval hole, the Labyrinth.  Automatos 
is that which moves of its own accord, as the Motion of the Heart, the digestions and fermentations of the bowels.  Autopyros 
is bread made of whole Grains, without any bran taken from it, or added to it. This sort of bread is preferred before any other, because the Bran is cleansing.  Auxilium, or remedium, 
is whatsoever is good against a Disease by a contrary virtue; and it is threefold, Diet, Medicine, and Chirurgery.  Axilla 
is the Armpit, hairy in adult people.  Axioma 
is a proposition built upon the Authority of Hypocrates, or Galen; but of little validity, now that Physic is built upon Reason and Experience.  Axis 
is the third Vertebre from the Scull.  Axungia 
is the fat or tallow of an Hog.  Azoth 
sometimes signifies the Mercury of any Metallic body, sometimes an Universal Remedy, as 'tis thought, made of Mercury, and prepared with Gold and Silver; a few years ago, it was famous amongst the Vulgar, and Persons of Quality too; of different colour, according to the diversity of the preparation, which was often too troublesome, whence it begun to decrease both in price and repute.  Azygos 
is a famous Vein about the Heart, called sine pari, or jugo, which reaches to the Vertebres, and proceeds from the Vena Cava, the great hallow Vein.  Azymus 
is unleavened, unwholesome Bread.    


B.  BAcilli, 
are called those Medicines which are of a long, round Figure, like a stick or Pillar. Balanaeum, or Balneum, is properly a washing of the whole Body; yet it is sometimes taken for a washing of the lower parts only, which they commonly call Nisessus, and semicupia; and it is either dry, or moist; the dry are prepared of Ashes, common Salt, Sand, filled Steel, etc. the moist are either vaporous or watery. The former are made of the boiling of Roots, Herbs, Flowers, Seeds, etc. the Vapour whereof is all that's taken. The watery, are either artificial, which are made of Physical Decoctions; or Natural, which are called Thermae Baths, whose Waters are either Aluminous, Ironish, Copperish, Nitrous, Sulphureous, Bituminous, Vitriolie, etc. all which Waters are called Acidulae.  Balanus, or glans, 
is the Nut of the Yard, covered with the Foreskin; also the Clitoris of a Woman. Also all Fruits and Roots that have round Heads, as a Walnut; also an Acorn, an earth-Chesnut: also a Suppository.  Balneum, 
the same with Balaneum.  Balsamus, or balsamum; 
the Word Balsam is used very differently in the Shops. 

1. It signifies a certain sort of Presume, of somewhat a thick Consistence, like an Ointment; and this is its most usual signification; as for instance, Balsam of Roses, Apoplectic, and the like.  
2. There are a sort of Liquors distilled from Gum, and resinous Substances, with spirit of Wine, which are anointed outwardly, and these are called Balsams too; as Nervous Balsam, Sciatic, etc.  
3. It signifies a Liquor that is anointed into the Body, thicker than Oil, and more Liquid than an Ointment.  
4. Salt things funded and melted, are called Balsam, as the Balsam of Salt of Jewels.  
5. There are a sort of particular preparations called Balsams, as the balsam of Sulphur, etc.  
6. and Lastly, some Gums of Trees are called Balsams.    Bamma 
is a Tincture, or a Liquor, wherein any thing is tinged or moistened, as bread sopped in broth.  Barycoja 
is heaviness of hearing.  Basilareos, 
see basis.  Basilica 
is the inner Vein of the Arm, called Hepatica, the Liver vein.  Basilicum 
is a rich precious Medicine, that excels all others.  Basioglossum 
is a pair of Muscles that depress the Tongue.  Basis 
is the upper part of the Heart, which is opposite to the point; it is also the ground or foundation of the bone Hyoides, for the use of the Tongue: also the principal Ingredient in a prescription.  Bathmis 
is a Cavity in the bone of the Arm or Shoulder, on each side one; whereinto, when the whole hand is stretched forth and bended, the process of the undermost and lesser of the two long bones of the Cubit, enters.  Batrachus 
is a Tumour under the Tongue, which makes one croak like a Toad, when they speak.  Bechica 
are Medicines good against a Cough.  Belenoides 
is the process or shooting forth of a bone, called Aliformis, made like a wing, which is fixed in the Basis of the Scull.  Benignus morbus, 
a favourable disease, is that which has no dreadful Symptoms, but such as are consonant to its nature.  Bicongius 
is a measure which contains Twelve Sextaries, one of which is just our Pint and an half.  Bilis, the gall, 
is a Sulphureous Saline Excrement of the blood, separated in the Liver by means of little Glandules, and is sent either into the little bag that contains the Gall, or into the Gut called Dundenum, by the Ductus Hepaticus, that it may farther promote the fermentation of the victuals, and carry off the Dregs that are left behind when the Chyle is separated from the whole Mass. The Gall consists of Sulphur, Adust Salt, and a little Serum; it is naturally yellow: preternaturally it is of the Colour of the yolk of an Egg, green like a Leek, rusty, and skycoloured; all which variety of colours proceed only from different degrees of Heat and Fermentation. Silvius maintained, That the Bile ascended to the Heart by the ductus hepaticus; but this Opinion, as it is neither consonant to Experience, nor Reason, so nor to Truth neither; this excrement is not called Bile, but when it is separated from the Blood; and therefore the Opinion of the Ancients concerning this Bilious Humour, is quite out of doors, since that Circulation of the Blood was found out. See Humores Sanguinei.  Biolychnion 
is Natural Heat, which is communicated to the Faetus from the Parents; but when it is brought forth, the heat gradually decays, after that the Blood and Spirits of the Child are altered, fermented, and accended by nourishment and nitrous Air. They do but babble who tell us, that this Heat lasts for many years; for if it be Heat, it is in continual Motion, and is therefore dispelled as other Fires and Heats are.  Blaesitas 
is a stammering in speech, which proceeds from the ill make or temperature of the Tongue.  Blaesus 
is one that has an Impediment in his Speech. Also a Bandy-legged Person: or one whose Back bone is bended, either forward or backward; also a Paralitic Person.  Blenna 
is a thick Snot which distils through the little holes of the , and the Nostrils, and proceeds from the Ventricles of the Brain, by the Processes, called Maniformes, like Teats.  Bocium, 
the same with Bronchocele.  Bolus 
is a Medicine taken inwardly, of a consistence something thicker than Honey, and in quantity for one Dose, as much as may be conveniently taken at a mouthful.  Bovina fames, 
the same with Bulimus.  Bothor 
signifies Pimples in the Face, which don't spread, but are easily suppurated, and vanish. It is besides a general Appellation for Pimples in the Face, Lungs, or other parts. The Arabians also call the small Pox and the Measles Bothor.  Bracherium, 
the same with Amma.  Brachiale, 
the same with Carpus.  Brachiaeus, 
see Lacertus.  Brachium, or Lacertus, 
is a Member that consists of the Arm properly so called, the cubit, and the hand.  Brachylogia, 
of the same signification with Brachylogus.  Brachylogus 
is one who gives his positive Opinion in few words. Brachylogia is a curt expression: as for instance, the Aphorisms of Hypocrates.  Bradypepsta 
is slow digestion, proceeding from a depraved disposition of the Acid ferment in the Stomach.  Branchus 
is a hoarseness in the Throat.  Bregma, or Pregma, 
is the bone of the Forehead.  Brochi 
are blubber lipped persons: also a sort of Surgeons cord, or halter.  Bronchocele 
is a Tumour in the top, or the middle fistulous part of the Windpipe.  Bronchotomia, 
is a Section of the Windpipe, in a membranous part betwixt two of the Rings; it is used to prevent suffocation in people troubled with a Quinsy.  Bronchus 
is the middle Fistulous part of the Windpipe, whose forepart is made up of so many little Rings; the upper part is called Larynx, and the under Vesicularis; it is used in the voice, and in respiration.  Bubo 
is the Groin, or place from the bending of the Thigh to the Privy-parts: also a Tumour in the Groins, proceeding from the Pox, or Pestilence.  Bubonocele 
is a Rupture; when the Intestines fall into the Groin, or the outermost skin of the Cod: sometimes it is taken for a Bubo or Swelling.  Bucca 
is the inferior lax part of the Face, that may be swollen or puffed up, as appears in Trumpeters.  Buccinator 
is the round Muscle of the Cheeks, like a Circle, thin and membranous, interwoven with various Fibers, and inseparably girt about with the Tunic of the Mouth. Casserius has observed, a certain strong band that grows outwardly in the Centre of this Muscle, which spreading itself about the Cheekbone, is terminated in a little slender Muscle directly opposite to that part of the Face called Bucca: it arises from the upper Jawbone, and is fastened in the lower, at the Roots of the Gums. It's use is to move the Cheeks with the Lips; and serves as a hand to the Teeth, whilst it tosses the Meat to and fro, and throws it upon the Teeth, that it may be more exactly chawed.  Buccula 
is the fleshy part under the Chin.  Bulimia, 
the same with Bulimus.  Bulimiasis, 
the same that Bulimus.  Bulimus 
signifies an extraordinary Appetite, often accompanied with a defection of Spirits: it proceeds sometimes from a too sharp Ferment of the Stomach, whence the Membranous Tunics and Nerves being irritated, the Animal seeks after Nourishment for a remedy.    


C.  CAcatoria febris 
is an intermittent Fever, (so called by the famous Silvius de le Boe) accompanied with a violent Purging, which is sometimes griping, and very painful, extremely afflicting, and weakening the Patient when it comes.  Chachecticus 
is one that has an ill Habit of Body.  Cachexia 
is an ill Habit of Body, proceeding from an ill disposition of the Humours of the Body; whence lingering Fevers, Consumptions, and Dropsies are contracted: in this Disease the Face is often pale, and discoloured, and the Body big, and swollen: Cachexia taken in a large sense is opposed to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and as a good Habit of Body is common to all sound parts, so an ill one is propagated by all the ill parts. Strictly, Cachexia is only taken from an ill disposition of the Habit of the Body; and Euexia on the contrary for a good disposition of the Humours, or Blood, and Body.  Cacochymia 
is the abundance of ill Humours in the Blood: and it is either Ulcerous, Bilious, Pituitous, Melancholic, Acid, Salt, or Sharp.  Cacoethes, Chironium ulcus, or Telephium, 
is a Disease or Ulcer beyond Cure, which is called Malignant Ulcer; this happens when an Ulcer is callous, or sinuous, under which there sometimes lie little putrified bones that have fallen down.  Cacophonia 
is an ill voice, proceeding from an ill constitution of Organs.  Cacotrophia 
is an ill Nutriment, proceeding from a fault in the blood; as in a Leprosy, Ringworms, etc.  Caducus morbus, 
see Epilepsia.  Caesarea sectio, 
the same with Hystertomotocia.  Calamus Scriptorius 
is a certain Dilatation, about the fourth Ventricle of the brain, which is afterwards pointed, from which shape it has its Name.  Calcaneus 
is the same with Calx.  Calchoidea 
are three little bones in the Foot, which with others make up that part of the Foot which succeeds the Ankle: and Fallopius calls them Cuneiformia, made like Wedges.  Calcinatio 
is the solution of a mixed body into powder by fire, or any coroding things; as Mercury, Aquafortis, etc.  Caldarium, 
the same with Laconicum.  Calculus 
the Stone, is an hard preternatural concretion in a Man's body, which is often bred in the Reins, Testicles, and other parts, from Saline and Earthy Particles concreted together.  Calidum innatum, 
see Emphitum thermum, or Biolychnium.  Callicreas, or Pancreas, 
is a conglomerated Glandule, placed under the hinder part of the Ventricle, about the length of three or four fingers in a Man; it is clotted with a thin Membrane from the Peritonaeum: it is terminated in Man near the common Ductus, or Passage of the Bile into the Gut duodenum, and distils a volatile insipid sort of a juice: but Silvius de le Boe, and de Graaf affirm, That they have found an Acid and a somewhat Acid juice there; nay, sometimes an austere and a sweet one; thence also they bring the Original of all Diseases: but we must know, that this possibly was observed, when scarce one in twenty which they dissected was found exactly sound. Concerning this question, see my Anat. of things, l. 1. c. 21. It's use is, to temperate the Chyle, which is something Acid, and the bitterness of the Gall with its Volatile Juice, that is may at last enter the Lacteals with a sweet taste.  Callus 
is a kind of swelling without pain, like Skin contracted by too much labour.  Calor nativus, 
see Biolychnium.  Calva 
is the Scull, also the upper hairy part of the Head, which either by Disease, or old Age, grows Bald first.  Calvaria, 
the same with Calva.  Calvitium 
is that Baldness which is naturally incident to old Age.  Calx 
is the second Bone in that part of the Foot which succeeds the Ankle, bigger and stronger than the rest, oblong, and grows backward, that a man may stand more strongly upon it, and not fall so easily backward. Calx also is that which by Calcining, is either turned into Alcool, as Calx Saturni, or at least is made friable, as Hartshorn burnt.  Camarium, 
see Fornix.  Camarosis 
is a blow upon the Scull, whereby some part of the Bone is left suspended, like an Archippus  Cambium 
is a secundary humour according to Avicen, which yet is reckoned amongst the Humours, and its use was said to be to nourish the parts: the first was called the nameless humour: the second Glue; and the fourth, which was very near converted into Nourishment, was called Cambium: but these figments are quite Exploded since we found out the Circulation of the Blood, by the Fibres.  Cameratio 
the same with Camerosis.  Capulum 
is the Contortion of the Eyelids, or its Hairs.  Canales 
are passages by which the Juices of the Body flow: as those which serve for the Spittle, the Bile; that in the Liver, Pancreas, etc.  Canaliculus Arteriosus, 
is a Vessel betwixt that Arterious Veins of the Lungs, and the great Artery in Faetus'; for 'tis obliterated in Adult persons: its use in Faetus', is, that the Blood may be discharged by this Ductus out of the Arterious Vein, into the great Artery, because that the Blood is not accended in their Lungs, for want of Respiration in the Womb.  Cancer, 
see Carcinoma.  Canina appetentia, 
see Cynodes orexis.  Canina rabbiss, 
the same that Hydrophobia.  Canini dentes, 
the same with Cynodontes.  Canitieses 
is a hoariness of the Head before the usual time: it is twofold, the one is according to the ordinary course of Nature: the other is ill, and as Aristotle calls it, Diseased.  Canna major, 
the same with tibia.  Canna minor, 
the same that Fibulae os.  Canthus, or hircus, 
is the angle or corner of the Eye; which is either the greater or the Internal; or the less or External.  Capreolus auris, 
see Helix.  Capsulae artrabilariae, or Renes succenturiati, 
are Glandulous Bodies placed above the Reins; their use is to receive the Watery Substance called Lympha, into their Cavities, wherewith the Blood in its return from the Reins being thicker, and much destitute of Serum, may be diluted, and circulate more fluidly.  Capsula cordis, 
see Pericardium.  Capsula communis, 
which Glisson has observed in the Liver, is nothing but a Membrane which proceeds from the Peritonaeum, which includes both the Porus bilarius, and the Vena porta, or great Vein in the Liver.  Capsulae seminales 
are the Extreme Cavities of the Vessels which convey the Seed, dilated like little Coffers, which by two small holes emit the Seed received from the Testicles into the little seminary Bladders, that it may be either preserved there against the time of Coition, or be reduced into the Blood by the Lymphatic Vessels.  Caput mortuum 
is that thick dry matter which remains after the Distillation of Minerals especially: but most commonly it denotes that which remains of Vitriol.  Caput purgium, 
the same with Errhinum.  Carbo, 
see Anthrax.  Carbunculus, 
the same with Anthrax.  Carcinodes 
is a Tumour like a Cancer.  Carcinoma, Carcinus or Cancer, 
is a Tumour that arises from a Salino-sulphureous and sharp Blood; it is round, hard, livid, painful, at the beginning as big as a Pea, but afterwards 'tis surrounded with great swelling Veins, which resemble the Feet of a Crab, though not always.  Carcinus, 
see in Carcinoma.  Cardia 
is the Heart, or Principle Muscle ordained for the Circulating of the Blood.  Cardiaca 
is a Suffocation of the Heart from a Polypus, or Coagulated Blood.  Cardiacum 
is a Medicine which (as they formerly thought) corroborates the Heart: but it rather only puts the Blood into a fine gentle Fermentation, whereby the Spirits formerly decayed, are repaired and invigorated, whereupon the Blood by consequence Circulates more easily and briskly.  Cardialgia and Cardiogmos, 
is a gnawing or contraction of the Nerve called par vagum, and the Intercostal implanted in the Stomach, proceeding from a pungent vellicating Matter in the Ventricle; so that the heart being straitened and contracted by consent with the Stomach, occasions a swooning away.  Cardiogmos, 
the same that Cardialgia.  Caries 
is the corruption of a bone, from the continual Afflux of vicious humours, or from their Acrimony and Malignity; or from an occult quality: or from a bruise that some way affects the bone, or from sharp Medicines.  Caro, flesh, 
is a similar Fibrous part, bloody, soft, thick, together with the bones, the prop of the body, and what covers the Spermatic parts; and it is , Musculous, Fistulous or Fibrous, as in the Muscles, and the Heart; Par●nchymous, as the Lungs, Liver, Spleen; Viscerous, as the Guts; Glandulous, as the Pancreas, the Glandules of the Breasts, those for Spitting, etc. Spurious, as the Gums, Lips, the Nut of the Yard, etc.  Caro 
also signifies that soft pappy substance of succulent Fruits which we call the Pulp: as the Pulp or Flesh of a Quince, etc.  Carotidis arteria, 
is either External or Internal, the External which arises near the Heart, divides itself into two branches, the outermost whereof is variously distributed to the Jaws, the Face, the top of the Head, and behind the Ears; but the other, with a sort of Mechanical Preparation for its Reception, passes through the Os cuneiforme; for Nature has dug a peculiar Channel in both sides of it, wherein this Artery for its greater security is clothed with a new Adventitious and thicker Tunic, and there representing the Figure of an S. it goes double out of its Channel of bone, puts off its borrowed Coat, and tends toward the Brain, with its charge of Blood; ascending therefore about the Ocular Nerve, it spreads itself towards the sides, than to the foremost part of the Brain betwixt the passage of the Olfactory Nerves: Lastly, it tends backward, and taking leave of the Brain near the Medulla Oblongata, and the Spinal Marrow, waters it with its blood, as far down as the Os Sacrum. They formerly called this the Vertebral or Internal Artery, because they thought it ascended and joined with the Carotidal in the Brain; which yet is otherwise found by Experience, according to the accurate Dr. Willis; they are called Soporales, or Carotides; in as much as if they be tied, they immediately incline the person to sleep: but the Ancients mistake when they ascribed Natural Sleep to them.  Carpia 
is a Tent that is put into a Wound or Ulcer, to cleanse it.  Carus 
is a Sleep, wherein the person affected being pulled, pinched, and called, scarce shows any sign of either hearing or feeling; it is without a Fever, greater than a Lethargy, and less than an Apoplexy. It proceeds from an obstruction, or compression of the Pores and Passages which go towards the middle of the Brain, and are placed at least in the utmost Extremity of the Corpus Callosum.  Carpus, 
commonly Brachiale, the first part of the Palm of the Hand. Hesichius calls it that part of the Arm which is betwixt the lowermost part of the Cubit, and the Hand, the Wrist: it consists of Eight small bones, with which the Cubit is joined to the hand.  Cartilago 
is a white part, dryer and harder than a Ligament, and softer than a Bone; it is said to be Similar and Spermatic, but falsely; for 'tis no more made of Seed, than any other parts; it renders Articulation more easy, and defends several parts from injuries from abroad.  Carunculae Myrtiformes, 
are the wrinklings of the Orifice of a Woman's Vagina, or Membranous inequalities, not to be reckoned in any certain number, which in Women with Child and after Child birth are so obliterated, that they are altogether imperceptible, there are for the most part four of them.  Carunculae oculi, 
are Glandules placed at each greater corner of the Eye, which separate Moisture for moistening the Eyes, the same with Tears, which afterwards by the Puncta Lachrymalia, placed in the bone of the Nose, are discharged into the Nostrils.  Carunculae papillares 
are Ten little Bodies that are in the Reins: they are properly little bundles which arise from the centring together of a great many small Channels, which the Reins are in a great measure made up of; and these receive the Serum from the little ductuses, and convey it into the Pelvis.  Casus Uuulae, 
see in Cion.  Cataclida 
is the first Rib, called the Subclavian.  Catagma 
is the breaking of bones, or a separation of the Continuum in the hard parts of the body; which is effected with some hard Instrument forcibly impressed upon the part; whose differences are taken from the Form, the Part, and several accidents.  Catalepsis, or Catochus 
is an abolition of all the Animal Functions, wherein the Respiration remains entire, and the Patient preserves the same habit of body that he had before he fell sick: the cause of it seems to consist in the Obstruction or Angustation of the Corpus striatum in those Pores by which Objects are Represented in the brain, so that there's no perception of any Object; but the Pores, by which the Animal Spirits are Conveyed from the Brain to the Organs of Sense, are left free and open.  Catalotica, 
the same with Cicatrizantia.  Catamenia 
are women's Courses, which gathering every Month by the Fermentation of the blood, and being come to a Turgency by the Accession of a Ferment that is in the Womb, discharge themselves at their set-time; others say, they proceed from Seed bred in the Testicles, and communicated to the blood. Some ascribe the Courses to the motions of the Moon; but if this were true, than all Women would have them at the same time. They begin at Twelve, Thirteen, or Fourteen Years of age, and stop about Fifty; but this cannot be exactly determined: they are suppressed in breeding-Women, and Nurses; yet this is not a rule neither.  Catapasma 
is Fragrant Powder, which by reason of its Scent is strewed amongst clothes: also a fragrant Powder, which after anointing is applied to the Stomach or Heart.  Cataphora 
is the same with Coma; they only differ in this, that Cataphora is taken as the genus to all sorts of Stupors that are not attended with a Fever.  Cataplasma 
is a Topical Medicine of the consistence of a Pultise; it is usually prescribed two ways, either boiled, or without it; the former is more frequent, the latter of more efficacy. In the former, they are to take such Vegetables as are proper, as Roots, Herbs, Seeds, Flowers, Fruits, etc. adding proper Meals, or omitting them; all which are boiled up in a convenient quantity of Liquor, v. g. Water, Beer, Milk, Honey, etc. to the consistence of a Pultise: the latter is prepared commonly of Vegetables shred small with the Infusion of so much Liquor only as may make it of the former consistence. You may add here Meal, crumbs of Bread, Oils, Ointments, as in the former sort of Cataplasms too.  Catapotium, commonly Pillula, 
is a Medicine given inwardly, Purging Pills.  Cataptosis 
is one Symptom of an Epilepsy; when Men fall suddenly to the Ground.  Cataracta, 
is Twofold, either beginning, or a suffusion only, or confirmed, or a Cataract properly so called; the incipient is but a suffusion of the Eye, when little Clouds, Motes, and Flies seem to fly before the Eyes; but the confirmed Cataract, is when the Pupil of the Eye is either wholly or in part covered and shut up with a little thin Skin; so that the Sunbeams have not due admittance to the Eye. Confirmed Cataracts are cured with thrusting a Needle through the Albugineous and the horny Membrane as far as the Cataract, which is to be depressed with the Needle, and if it start back to be broken, than the Eye is to be tied up with Water of Roses, the white of an Egg, and Alumn, all shaken together.  Catarrhopus 
is when Humours, Vapours, or Wind, go downward.  Catasarca, 
the same with Anasarca.  Cataschesis 
is a good state of Body, opposite to an Hectic.  Catastasis 
is a disposition of Humane Body, or of time.  Catatasis 
is an Extension of the Body towards the lower parts.  Catheretica 
are Medicines that take away superfluities.  Catharma, 
the same that Catharcticum.  Catharrbus 
is a Defluction of Humours from the Head towards the parts under it, as the Nostrils, the Mouth, Lungs, etc.  Catharsis, 
the same with Catharcticum.  Catharticum 
is a purging Medicine, which cleanses the Stomach, the Guts, and whatsoever is vicious and heterogeneous in the Blood, and throws it into the Common-shore of the Guts. See Purgatio & Vomitorium.  Cathemerina 
the same with Quotidiana Febris.  Catheter 
is a Fistulous Instrument which is thrust up the Yard into the Bladder, to provoke Urine when it is suppressed by the Stone; or into whose cavity an Instrument called Itinerarium is thrust to find out the Stone in the Bladder, that then the Sphincter of the Bladder may be shown, and an Incision be made in the Perinaeum, i. e. betwixt the Fundament and the Privities.  Cathetetrismus 
is the Administration or Operation of Injecting any thing into the Bladder by a Catheter, or a Syringe.  Catholicum 
is a common Medicine that expels all ill Humours; which is kept in the shops.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 purgare, 
to Purge downwards.  Catoche, 
the same with Catalepsis.  Catochus, 
the same with Catalepsis.  Catopsis, 
the same with Myopia.  Catoretica 
the same with Purgantia.  Cavitates 
are the greatest Cavities in the Body, wherein some Principal part is contained, as the Brain in the Head; in the Chest, the Lungs, Heart, etc. in the Abdomen, the Liver, Spleen, Reins, Stomach, Intestines, Bladder, etc. and they are three, the Head, the Chest, the Belly.  Cavitates minores 
are the Ventricles of the Heart and Brain, of which in their proper place.  Cauledon 
is the breaking of the bones a cross, when the parts of the bones are so separated that they will not lay direct.  Causodes, 
the same with Causus.  Caustica, or Escharotica 
are those things which burn the Skin and Flesh into an hard crust, as burnt Brass, unquenched Lime, sublimated Mercury, and hot Iron, etc.  Causus, or a burning Fever, 
is that which is attended with a greater heat than other continued Fevers, an intolerable thirst, and other Symptoms which argue an extraordinary accension of the blood: and that which formerly discriminates it from other putrid Fevers, is, that the temper of the blood is hotter, i. e. abounds more with combustible Sulphur; and therefore when it gins to boil, is accended in a greater measure, and in its deflagration diffuses Particles of most Intense Heat through the whole body; its Motion is acute, it comes presently to its height, is accompanied with dreadful Symptoms, has a very difficult Crisis, and a dangerous Event?  Cauterium 
is a Surgeons Instrument, made of Iron, Silver, or Gold, which after 'tis healed, has an actual power of burning into any thing; they differ in Bulk, and in Form; it is sometimes taken for a potential cautery, prepared of Lixiviums, or Lime and Sope.  Cedmata 
are defluxions upon the Joints, especially the Hippias  Cele 
is a tumour in any part.  Cellulae intestini coli, 
the little Cavities of the Gut Colon, are where the Excrements lodge some while, that they may refresh some adjacent parts with their Heat, and digest and ferment any occurring crudities.  Cementium 
is a Powder by whose means Cementatory Calcination is performed: or as others say, it is an acute piercing Mineral Matter, wherewith Metals being strewed are Reverberated to cement, and it is either simple or mixed; and either in form of a Powder, or a Confection.  Cenchrias 
is a sort of spreading Inflammation which we call Wildfire, called Herpes Miliaris from the resemblance it bears to the Seed of the small Grain called Millet or Hyrse.  Ceneangia 
is an Evacution of the Vessels, by opening a Vein. 

1. It is expedient in a Plethora, to free Nature from too great a load.  
2. 'Tis expedient to draw back the blood when it rushes too plentifully towards any one part.  
3. To divert the blood from one part to another, though it be no way lodged there, nor be Extravasated.  
4. To Ventilate and Cool the Blood in Burning and in Putrid Fevers.    Centrum 
is the middle of a Body not taken Mathematically, but Physically, and that they say is the Heart; from which, as from a Centre, the blood continually Circulates round the most distant parts of the body.  Cephalaea 
is an obstinate Headache.  Cephalalgia 
is an Headache that proceeds from Intemperance, or ill Confirmation of the Parts.  Cephalartica 
are Medicines which purge the Head.  Cephalica 
are Spirituous and Volatile Medicines used in the Distempers of the Head. Also the outermost Vein in the Arm is called Cephalica, because it uses to be opened in Diseases of the Head.  Cephalopharyngaei 
signifies the first pair of Muscles of the upper part of the Gullet, which proceed from beside the Head and Neck, and are spread more largely upon the Tunic of the Gullet.  Cephalophonia 
is a pain or heaviness in the Head.  Ceraea 
are the Horns of the Womb in Bruits, wherein Generation is performed.  Ceratium, 
the same with Siliqua.  Ceratoglossum 
is the proper pair of Muscles belonging to the Tongue, proceeding from the horns of the Bone called Hyoides, and joined to the sides of the Tongue; their use is to move the Tongue strait downwards towards the inward parts, when they act jointly: but if either the one or the other be contracted singly, they move it to the right or left side.  Ceratodes, 
the same with Cornea Tunica.  Ceratomalagma 
is a softening Composition, prepared of Wax, and other ingredients.  Ceratum 
is a Medicine applied outwardly, made of Wax, Oils, and sometimes Dust mixed thicker than an Ointment, and softer than a Plaster.  Cerchnos 
is a certain Asperity of the Larynx, which is felt as it were like so many Juniper-berries, whence, proceeds a little dry Cough.  Cercis 
is the Second Bone of the Cubit, called Radius, because it is like the spoke of a Wheel.  Cerea, 
the same with Anchor.  Cerebellum 
is the hinder part of the Brain, consisting, like the Brain itself, of an Ashy or Barkie Substance, and a white Marrowie Substance, wherein the Animal Spirits which perform Involuntary and mere Natural Actions, are Generated. In Man, but not so in Beasts, it seems to consist of a great many thin Plates that lay upon one another.  Cerebrum, 
the Brain, is strictly taken for the foremost part of the Substance which is within the Skull; and it is a Substance of a peculiar sort to itself; outwardly it is covered with the Skin called Pia Mater; it is wrought with many turn and wind, its Exterior Substance is Ashy, wherein the Animal Spirits are Generated: the Interior is white, which receives the Animal Spirits from the former, and discharges them by the Corpus Callosum, and the Medulla Oblongata into the Nerves; upon which voluntary actions do chief depend. Likewise the Brain is the subject of Imagination, Judgement; Memory, and Reminiscence; for the Idaea's or Species of things being received from the Organs of the External Senses, are carried to the common Sensory, or the beginning of the Oblong-marrow, and then by the Corpora striata, and the Corpus callosum, there the judgement and imagination are form; but the Seat of the Memory is said to be in the Ashy Barkie Substance; and if the Ideas after some time chance to be called for out of the place of the Memory, than it is properly said to be Reminiscence, or Remembering; Sleep is likewise transacted in the Brain; concerning which, see in its proper place.  Cerelaeum 
is an Ointment made of Wax and Oil.  Cerevisia medicata, 
Physick-Drink, is wherein Medicines, proper for any Diseases, have been infused.  Ceria, 
the same with Favus.  Cerio, 
the same with Favus.  Cerotum 
the same with Ceratum.  Cerumina 
are the filth of the Ear, which seems to be sweat out from the Cartilages: others think it comes from the Glandules which border upon the Ears; it consists of abundance of salt and adult Sulphur, which gives it its bitterness: it is good to hinder Dust, Motes, or little Animals from getting into the Ear.  Chalastica 
are Medicines of a moistening Quality, which Relax the parts that are too hard bound up.  Chalazia 
is a little swelling in the Eye lids, like a Hail-stone.  Chalazae, 
every Egg has two of them, one in the Obtuse, and the other in the Acute end: there's more of them in the White; yea they stick closer to the Yolk, and are fastened to its Membrane. They are something long bodies, more Concrete than the White, and whiter; knotty, have some sort of Light, as Hail, whence they have their name: for each Chalaza consists as it were of so many Hailstones separated from each other by that White: one of them is bigger than the other, and farther from the Yolk; is extended towards the Obtuse-end of the Egg: the other is less, and extends itself from the Yolk towards the Acute-end of the Egg. The greater is made up of two or three Knots like so many Hailstones, which are moderately distant from each other, the less, in order succeeds the greater. It is also a Disease incident to Swine.  Chalinos, Aurelian 
says it is the Ultimate Angle, and joining of the Mouth, or that part of the Cheeks which adjoins upon the Lips.  Character 
is a Mystical Sign or Figure, which signifies or denotes something amongst Chemists.  Charta Virginia, 
the same with Amnios'.  Cheimetlon, 
the same that Pernio.  Cheironium, 
the same that Cacoethes.  Chemia, 
the same that Chimia.  Chemosis 
is the Tumour of the Albuginious Tunic, that makes the black of the Eye appear Concave.  Chimetlon, 
the same that Pernio.  Chiragra 
is a sort of Gout in the Hands, arising from the Effervescence of Acid Particles, and fixed Salt.  Chiromantia 
is a Divination from inspecting the hand, when men Predict futurities from the Lineaments thereof, not at all necessary to a Physician, since it is rather a Diabolical and deceitful art.  Chirones, 
the same with Sirones.  Chyronia 
is a great Ulcer, and of difficult Cure.  Chyrurgia, 
Chirurgery, is an Art, wherein by the help of our Hands or Instruments we endeavour to Cure Diseases. Or, it is a part of the Art Theraputic, wherein Diseases are Cured by Incision Burning, and Setting Joints. Or, it is a Science which teaches the manner and way of Operation upon Living Human Bodies; and it is ; though others choose rather to divide it into Four Parts. 

1. Synthesis, a setting together of things separate.  
2. Diaeresis, a separating of things that were continued before.  
3. Diorthosis, a correcting of things squeezed together and contorted.  
4. Exeresis, a taking away of Superfluities.  
5. Anaplerosis, a Restoring of that which was Deficient.    Chirurgus, 
one skilful in this art of Chirurgery.  Chlorosis, or Morbus virgineus' commonly Icterus albus, 
seems to be a kind of Phlegmatic Pituitous Dropsy, arising from an obstruction of the Courses, want of Fermentation in the Blood, and a Detention or Depravation of the Ferment in the Womb; whereupon the Muscular Fibres being obstructed, they become lazy, and unfit for Action.  Choana 
is a sort of Cavity or Tunnel in the Basis of the Brain, by which the serous Excrements are brought down from the Ventricles of the Brain to the Pituitary Glandulae: also the Pelvis of the Reins, of which in its proper Place.  Choenicis, 
the same with modiolus.  Choenix 
is a sort of Measure containing two Sextaries, which is Three Pints of our Measure.  Choeras, 
the same with Scrophula.  Cholagoga 
are Medicines which purge Sulphureous and Bilious Humours; as Rhubarb, Senna, etc.  Choledechus 
is the Ductus bilarius, or passage of the Bile, called Common, wherein the Bile from the Bladder that contains it, and the Ductus in the Liver, is carried on to the Gut called Duodenum.  Cholera 
is a depraved motion of the Ventricle and the Guts, whereby the Bilious Excrements are discharged in great plenty upwards and downwards: the cause of it consists sometimes in the very acrimony of the Gall, which meets and ferments highly with the juice of the Pancreas, as sharp and Acid as itself.  Chondros, 
see Cartilago.  Chondrosyndesmus 
is a Cartilaginous Ligament, or the joining of Bones by the intervention of a Cartilege.  Chorda 
the same that a Tendon, Nerve, or Gut, of which in their proper place.  Chordapsus, 
so Celsus calls it, barbarously called Miserere mei, by others Illiaca passio; by others, Volvulus, commonly Ileus, and it is an Ejection of the Excrements at the Mouth only, proceeding from an Obstruction of Excrements, from Wind, Inflammation, or Contortion, or Convulsion of the Guts; when the upper part of the Intestines are twisted with the lower; or on the contrary, whereupon the Peristaltic or Vermicular Motion of the Guts, whereby the Excrements are Excluded, becomes Inverted.  Chorea sancti Viti, 
is a sort of Madness, which formerly was very common amongst some People, wherein the persons affected laid not down, but ran hither and thither dancing to the last gasp if they were not forcibly hindered. Horstius says, That he hath spoke with some Women, who paying an yearly visit to the Chapel of Saint Vitus, which is near the City Ulme in Sweedland, have been taken with such a violent fit of Dancing Night and Day, together with a sort of Frantickness in the Mind, that they fall together like so many people in Ecstasies: and are sensible of little or nothing for a Year together, till next May, about which time they perceive themselves so tormented with a restlessness in their Limbs, that they are forced to repair to the same place again about the Feast of Saint Vitus, to Dance.  Chorion 
is the outward Membrane, which with the rest of the Membranes and Humours, contain the Faetus in the Womb. It is of an Orbicular Figure in Women, and its upper part is annexed to the Placenta, where it adheres to the Womb.  Choroides 
is the folding of the Carotidal Artery in the Brain, wherein is the Glandula Pincalis. It is also the Uvea Tunica, which makes the Apple of the Eye.  Chromatismus 
is the Natural Colour and Tincture; for Example, of Urines, Spittle, Blood, or Excrements.  Chronicus 
is a daily inveterate Distemper, that has continued above forty days, and a Quartane Fever, a Consumption, an Asthma, Dropsy, etc.  Chronius, 
the same with Chronicus.  Chrysocer aunius pulvis, 
is Aurum fulminans, which is prepared of Gold, dissolved in a Menstruum, impregnated with Armoniac Salt, infused in Oil of Tartar; the Calx is precipitated to the bottom, which is sweetened and dried for use.  Chus 
is a measure that contains four Sextaries, or two Chaenices, in our Measure six Pints.  Chylificatio 
is a Natural Action which makes Chyle.  Chylosis, 
the same with Chylificatio.  Chylus, 
Chyle, is a white Juice in the Ventricle and Intestines, proceeding from a light Dissolution and Fermentation of Victuals, especially of their Sulphur and Salt, with which Edible things abound, and which by the Intervention of the Acid Humour in the Ventricle, becomes white: for if you pour an Acid upon any Liquor that is impregnated with Sulphur and Volatile Salt, it presently turns Milky; as is obvious in preparing Milk of Sulphur, or the resinous Extracts of Vegetables. Nay, Spirit of Hartshorn, and of Soot, abounding with Volatile Salt, if it be Mixed with an Acid or but with plain Water, grows to be of a Milky Colour; at last the Chyle after a Commixion and Fermentation with the Gall, and the Pancreatic Juice, either Volatile, or Acid, passing the Lacteal Veins, etc. is mixed with the Blood. It is called in Latin also Chymus.  Chymetlon, 
the same with Pernio.  Chymia, or Chemia 
is a Resolution of Sublunary Bodies into their Elements; and again, a Coagulation of the same Elements into the Bodies which they constituted before, in order to the preparation of Medicines more grateful, more healthful, and more safe; there are two parts of it, Solution and Coagulation: by the addition of the Arabic Article 'tis called Alchymia, or Alkymia; it is called also Spagiria, Hermetica ars, ars perfecti Magisterii, ars Segregatoria, Seperatoria, and Destillatoria.  Chymica, or Chymicalia, 
are Medicines which the Chemists prepare, that they may be taken in a less or more grateful quantity.  Chymicus 
is one skilful in the Art of Dissolving and Coagulating one skilful in Chemistry  Chymosis, or Chemosis, 
is a Distortion of the Evelids, by an Inflammation: also an Inflammation of the Tunica Cornea in the Eye.  Chymus, 
the same with Chylas.  Cicatrisantia 
are such things as by drying binding, and contracting, fill up Ulcers with Flesh, and cover them with a skin.  Cicatrix, Cicatrices, Scars, 
are Marks which are left after great Wounds or Ulcers: some are simple, others accompanied with a cavity, Diminution, or Excrescence in the part Affected.  Cilia, and Supercilia, 
are the Eyebrows, hard Cartilaginous Bodies; but Supercilia properly the hair upon the Eyebrows, at the Extremity of the Forehead; they are like two hairy Bulwarks or Ramparts to the Eyes, to defend them from the sudden Incurse of any thing from the Head or otherwise.  Cion, Columella, Gargareon, Gurgulio, uva, uvula, uvigena, uvigera, epiglottis, sublinguium, 
is the cover of the Windpipe; it hangs betwixt the two Glandules, called Amygdalae, above the Chink of the Larynx, and is a Process from a Substance, as one would think, Glandulous, Spongy, and Red; which Columbus is of opinion, arises from the Tunic of the Mouth redoubled in that place. But Riolan says, it proceeds from some Muscles which are terminated there; it is a Figure roundly Oblong, in the upper part thicker, and ending Obtusely in an Acute. It's use is to attemperate the coldness of the Air, and to hinder the Drink from falling upon the Nostrils: sometimes this Uuula sticks out too far from the Humours that fall upon it, which cannot return by the Lymphatic Vessels, whence proceeds the falling of the Uuula, which we call Roof of the Mouth.  Cionis, 
the same with Cion.  Circuitus, 
the same with Periodus.  Circulatio sanguinis, 
see periodus.  Circulatio Chymica 
is the Exaltation of pure I iquor; by a Circular Distillation in an Instrument called a Pelicane, or a blind Alymbic, by the virtue of Heat.  Circulatorium 
is a Glass Vessel, wherein the Liquor infused by its Ascending and Descending, rowls about as it were in a Circle: there are several sorts of these Vessels, but two especially of moment and use, that called Pelicanus, and the other Diota.  Circulus 
is a round Instrument, made of Iron, for the cutting of Glass; which is performed thus: The Instrument being heated, is applied to the Glass, and is there continued till it grow hot, then with a drop of cold water, or a cold blast upon it, it flies in pieces.  Cirsocele 
is a swelling of the preparing Vessels about the Testicles, so that they sometimes look like a Third Testicle.  Cirsoes, or Varix, 
is a Dilatation and swelling of the Veins, crooked or winding, and arising in one or more parts of the Body, insomuch that the Veins threaten a Rupture.  Citta, or Pica, 
is a depraved Appetite, when people long for those things which are not fit to be, nor are ever eat, as Lime, Coals, Shells, Cloth, Hides, Sand, etc. that cause lies in the Depravation of the ferment of the Ventricle.  Claretum 
is an Aromatic Wine, impregnated with an Infusion, and sweetened with Sugar, it is otherwise called, Vinum Hypocraticum, Hippocras Wine: also a medicated Wine. It is so called, because it is percolated and purified by a Winesack through which it is drained from its dregs, called Manica Hippocratis.  Clarificatio 
is when Juices or thick Decoctions become clearer and finer: which is done three ways, by subsiding Fermentation, or the addition of Vinegar, white of an Egg, or Milk.  Claviculae 
are two little Bones which close the Chest of a Man, fastening the Shoulder-bone like a Key, with the Breast bone, that part where the Ribs join together: they are otherwise called, Ligulae, or Furcale, Furcala Superior, etc. they are placed transverse under the very bottom of the Neck, in the top of the Breast, on each side one.  Clavus 
see Helos.  Clavus, 
according to Tornamira, is a pain in a small part of the Head, commonly above the Eye in the Eyebrow, and seems as if that part of the Head were bored through with a little Auger, or Wimble.  Cleidion, 
the same with Clavicula.  Clitoris 
is a part in a Woman, resembling the Yard of a Woman, whose use is Titillation; it consists, like a Man's Yard, of two Nervous Bodies, which arise from the lower part of the bones of the Privities, and at the end is covered with a Nut, and a Prepuce, or foreskin; its substance is spongy, so that it is capable of increase and Relaxation, but is not perforated as in Men.  Clydon, 
is a Fluctuation in the Ventricle.  Clysma, 
the same with Clyster,  Clyster, and Clysterium, or Enema, 
is a fluid Medicine given inwardly, injected into the Bowels by the Fundament; some Clysters are softening and loosening, others scouring, others astringent, others which ease pain, and others for other uses. Clyster is sometimes taken in a larger sense, for Mehenchyta, Otenchyta, Ritenchyta, etc. which see in their proper places.  Cuismus, 
the same with Pruritus.  Coccyx, 
the last Portion of the Back, is made up of three little Bones, sometimes four, which are under the Os Sacrum, and serve for easier sitting.  Cochlea 
is the cavity of the inner part of the Ear, so called from its wind and turn, for it has three or four Rings which mutually succeed one another; it is girt about with a very soft and thin Membrane.  Coctio, 
Concoction or Digestion, is the fermentation of the smallest Particles which our Nourishment consists of, that they may be made fit and proper for the nourishment and increase of a Living Body. The first Concoction is made in the Stomach by a Ferment which partly remains there, from the relics of the former Meat, and partly flows thither from the Caeliac Arteries. The second is made in the Guts by the Gall and Pancreatic juice. The third is in the Glandules of the mesentery, from a Lympha or Water which mixes itself with the Chyle. The fourth is in the Lungs, from the Inspiration of Nitrous Air. The fifth is in the Vessels and Bowels, as in the Spleen, Liver, Testicles, etc. It is ill called coction, or boiling, because 'tis the property of Fire to boil: for if Heat were the cause of Fermentation, what should be then of Fish and other things, wherein there's no sensible heat at all.  Codia 
are the tops of Poppies, of which they make Syrup.  Cecum intestinum, 
is the Fourth, in order from the Stomach, and first of the thick Guts; in Children new born, 'tis found full of Excrements; but in Adult persons its cavity often disappears, and only hangs like a Worm.  Caelia 
is a great Cavity, as the uppermost, middle, and the lowest Region or Cavity.  Caeliaca Arteria 
is that which arises from the Trunc of the great Artery, and spreads itself towards the Ventricle and Liver with its Branches.  Coeliaca passio, or Affectio, 
is a Purging, wherein the Meat either wholly changed, or in part is ejected, without any Chilification; and it is twofold: the first, in which the Meat is only Digested in the Stomach; the other, when Concoction or Fermentation is performed in the Stomach and Intestines both at once; but by reason that the Lacteal Vessels, or little Teats of the Guts, are Obliterated through long Fasting, a Purulent dysentery or the like, the Chyle is not distributed.  Coeloma 
is a hollow and round Ulcer in the Horny Tunic of the Eye.  Coelum 
is the cavity of the Eye towards the Corners. The Palate is also called Coelum.  Cohobatio 
is when a distilled Liquor is poured upon its Menstruum again, and afterwards is Distilled.  Coindicantia 
are signs which do not indicate by themselves, but by another.  Colatura 
is that which after Boiling, or Infusion, is percolated through a Sieve or Cloth.  Colc●thar 
is the dry Substance which remains after Distillation, commonly called Caput mortuum.  Coals, 
see Penis.  Colica passio, 
the Colic is a vehement pain in the Abdomen, from an ill disposition of the Animal Spirits, begun in the Nervous foldings of the Mesenterio, and is sometimes falsely imputed to the Gut Colon. Others make this Disease to proceed from an Acid Pancreatic Juice; others, other ways, but falsely.  Colla 
is Glue.  Colletica 
are Medicines that Conglutinate.  Colliciae 
are the joining of the puncta Lachrymalia into one passage on both sides, which derive the humour of the Eyelids into the cavity of the Nostrils; the holes that are made in the very tops of the Eyebrows descend in little Channels, easily to be shown, unless the bones of the Nostrils be so cautiously broken, that the Tunics remain entire; for after they have penetrated the Bones (whither they are separated with a thin Membrane) they spread themselves into a larger Channel, and are continued to the Tunic of the Nostrils. The same holes or openings in Sheep, Hares, Calves, Rabbits, are not found in the very Eyebrows, but a little more inward; and most of all in Birds, where they are larger than in any other Creatures; the Membrane which separates the holes here, is very short.  Collutio 
is a washing of the Mouth, when we scour lose Teeth, the Gums, or Ulcers.  Collyrium 
was once an Oblong Medicine which was taken in Distempers of the Eyes; it is prepared in an Oblong, sometimes an Orbicular Form, and is dissolved in a convenient Vehicle for curing the Eyes.  Coloboma 
is a fault in the Lips, Eyelids, Ears, Nostrils, and the like, when one part either from the Nativity, or by some accident grows to another, which were either before actually loosened, or at least ought to have been so.  Colon, 
is the second of the great Guts; it is thus situate; it arises from the Caecum Intestinum, in the right Flank, and adheres to the right Kidney; than it tends upwards under the Liver, where sometimes it is annexed to the Bladder of the Gall, which dies it a Clayish Colour: it goes on further transverse under the bottom of the Ventricle, and on the left hand is joined to the Spleen; then again it is fastened to the left Kidneys, where it winds and turns very obliquely; and after that, descends in a right Line; it is commonly about Eight or Nine hand breadths in length; but the widest and largest Gut of all, it has a great many little Cells, or Cavities in it; a certain Ligament is twisted with it the breadth of the middle Finger about its middle upwards; and then by reason of its largeness it is guarded with two strong Ligaments, the one upwards, the other downwards, that it may be fastened to both the upper and under parrs: about the beginning it has a Valve that looks upwards, lest any thing should return from the great Guts into the small.  Colpus, 
the same with Sinus.  Columella, 
the same with Cion.  Colummanasi 
is the fleshy part of the Nose prominent in the middle, near the upper Lip.  Columma oris 
the same with Cion.  Coma somnolentum 
is a deep sleep, less than a Lethargy, without a Fever, wherein the Patient being awakened, answers to any Questions propounded to him, but falls into a profound Sleep again, with his Mouth open, and his under-Jaw fallen, liker to one dead than alive. It proceeds from an Obstruction of the Brain, when the Serum has invaded the Tegument of the wind and fold of the Brain, and the little streaks of the Marrow that is included therein. It is the same that Cataphora.  Coma vigil 
is a Disease wherein the Patients are continually inclined to Sleep, but scarce can sleep, being affected with a great drowziness in the Head, a stupidity in all the Senses and Faculties, and many times with a delirium too. If the reason of these things be demanded, we may solve them thus, That the Pores and Passages of the Brains, wherein the Spirits move, are very much stuffed up with a thick Soporiferous Matter from the Blood, whereby the Spirits being hindered from their usual Explosion and Commerce with one another, seem to induce a profound and almost  Drowziness upon the Person Affected; but in as much as there are some sharp nimble Particles, like so many Stings, intermixed with the Spirits, and which keep them in perpetual Motion, therefore some of them still force their way, and directly or obliquely, as they can find a passage, meet and exert; and this Motion, such as it is, confsed and wand'ring, though it do not perfect the complete Exercise of the Animal Function, yet easily interrupts its Rest; so that persons thus Affected, enjoy neither perfect day, nor perfect night, but live in a continual Twilight betwixt sleep and waking.  Comitialis morbus, 
the same with Epilepsia.  Composita 
are Medicines made up of many simple Medicines; as certain Waters, Syrups, Electuaries, Opiates, Trochies, Ointments, Plasters, etc.  Conarium, or Glandula pinealis, 
hangs in the folding of the Choroides in the Brain, so called from the shape of a Cone. It is seated betwixt the two beds of the Optic Nerves, and the Prominences of the Nates. We can scarce believe, that this Glandulae is the seat of the Soul; or that the Principal Faculties in a Man arise hence; because that several Animals which are in a manner wholly destitute of the Prime Faculties of the Soul, Imagination, Memory, etc. yet have this Glandulae very fair and ample: it ought therefore to be looked upon rather as a Sensorie, whence the Nerves arise; to wit, about the beginning of the Oblongated Marrow. It's use is, to receive and contain the Serous Humours which are Excerned from the Alterious Blood, till either the Veins being emptied, suck them again; or else the Lymphducts (if there be any at hand) convey them away. Yet the Learned F. boil doubts of its use, when he says, That it is not so easy to determine what its use is. Since I have observed this Glandulae to be always impregnated with an apparent and pretty sharp saltness in several Brains of Men, Oxen, and Sheep; I cannot but imagine, that it separates some Volatile Humour from the Blood, Analogous to a Volatile Armoniac Salt, which being diffused upon the Trunc of the Spinal Marrow, communicates some new Vigour to the Animal Spirits, and hinders their Coagulation.  Concha 
is the winding cavity of the inner part of the Ear.  Condensantia, 
see Incrassantia.  Conditum 
is a composition of Conserves, Powders, Spices, made up into the Form of an Electuary, with a convenient quantity of Syrup: it is taken also for a Simple Medicine, sweetened with Honey or Sugar; as candid Ginger, or Helicampane.  Condyloma 
is the knitting or joining of Joints. Also a certain Tumour in the little skin of the Fundament; an hard and Callous Swelling, growing from black Humours that flow thither. and rather troublesome than painful: sometimes also it is accompanied with an Inflammation.  Condylie 
are the joints and knuckles of the Fingers, thicker thereabout the Joints, than in other places.  Confecta, Confitures, 
are things (as Seeds, Almonds, Cinnamon, etc.) crusted over with dry Sugar.  Confectio 
is a Composition of Powders, Gums, Sugar, Honey, Syrups, etc. made up into one Substance, and it is Twofold; either dry, as Lozenges, etc. or moist, as Opiates, Preserves, Conserves, and all sorts of Antidotes.  Conformatio 
is an Essential part of Health, or Sickness; and therefore is either good or bad; it consists in these Six following Particulars, Number, Magnitude, Figure, cavity, Surface; and Situation.  Congius, or Choa, 
is a Measure that contains Six Sectaries.  Conjunctiva tunica, 
the same with Adnata.  Conoides, 
the same with Conarium.  Consensus, 
a Disease by Consent, is when one Disease is caused by another, as Respiration is hindered by a Pleurisy; it is likewise the correspondence of different parts, by the mutual and common Ligaments of both; to wit, Nerves and Tendons.  Conserva, a Conserve, 
is a Composition of Flowers or Herbs beat together, to every pound whereof, if they be dry, are added three pounds of Sugar; if moister, two pounds, so that they may be kept several years.  Consolidantia 
are those things which cleansing with a moderate heat and force, by taking Corruption out of Wounds, and preserving the temperature of the parts, cause the Nourishment to be fitly applied to the part Affected.  Contagium, 
is a Poison, which from one Subject is propagated to another; which happens two manner of ways, either at a distance by the Air, or by simple Contact.  Contemplabiles dies, 
see Critici dies.  Continens causa, 
is the Internal Cause of a Disease, with the matter of it, which ariseth elsewhere, which is so near a kin to the Disease, that if it be, the Disease is too; and if it be taken away, the Disease follows. As the Stone, which proceeds from ill Humours arising from ill qualities in Meats and Drinks, Obstructs the Ureters.  Continens febris 
is a Fever that continues without any Intermission: and it is Twofold, either primary, or secundary; the former proceeds from a too great Exaltation of Sulphur, as in a burning Fever, a Pleurisy, Quinsy, etc. the latter, which is also called Symtomatica, is caused by Wounds, Ulcers, etc. as in a Consumption, Wounds in the Head, etc.  Continua Febris, 
is a Fever (or Ague) which is continually troublesome, but with some intermission: and it is either Quotidian, Tertian, Quartane, or Erratic. The cause of its continuance proceeds from a too high Exaltation of Sulphur; as in the former sort of Fevers: but the Paroxysms, or Fits, proceed from that equal portion of Chyle which is continually added to the Blood.  Contraindicatio 
is an Indication which hinders that to be done which the first Indication suggested; and it is either Contra indicans, which hinders of itself; or Correpugnance, which is Secundarily Repugnant, and in Conjunction with other Indications.  Contusio ossis, 
a bruising of a Bone is when a Bone is so hurt with some hard blunt Instrument, that outwardly it appears whole, when as inwardly it is otherwise.  Convulsio, Convulsion, 
is a Motion whereby the Nerves or Membranes are contracted and remitted without the Will, as in the Falling-sickness, Cramp, etc. of which in their proper place.  Cophosis, 
is a Deafness.  Copos 
is a weariness of the Body, when the Muscles, or their Fibers rather, are loaden and obstructed with such Viscous Humours, that they are rendered unfit for Motion.  Coprocritica 
are Medicines which Purge away the Excrements in the Guts.  Cor, 
the Heart, is a Fleshy Fibrous Substance, made up of several Muscles and Tendons; it has two Auricles or Ears, and as many Ventricles; the Vena Cava, or Great Vein, is fastened to the right Auricle, and the Pulmonarie Vein to the left; the Pulmonarie Artery is joined to the Right Ventricle, and the great Artery to the left. It is clothed with a little Membraneous Bag, called the Pericardium, wherewith it is joined to the Mediastinum, and the Diaphragme; its Basis is upwards, and Point downwards, and is placed in the middle of the Chest, amongst the Lobes of the Lungs. It's use is only to receive and disperse the Blood to all parts in the Body; though others place I know not what Flame, others a Ferment in its Ventricles, which are all Fables, and no way consonant to Reason, as we have sufficiently Evinced in our Tract, concerning The Circulation of the Blood.  Coracohyoides, 
are Muscles which proceed from the Process of the Shoulder-bone, called Coracoides, and go on as far as the Bone Hiordes: their use is to move obliquely downwards.  Coracoides 
is the Process of the Shoulderblade in form of a Beek.  Cordialia 
are Medicines which are commonly thought to strengthen the Heart: but they only put the Blood into a fine gentle Fermentation, which Corroborates and Facilitates the Motion of the Heart.  Cornea oculi tunica, 
which is also called Sclerotes, and Dura, the hard Tunic, proceeds from a skin in the Brain called Dura Menix; it is pellucide forwardly, that it may transmit the visible Species; its sides are covered with the Albugineous tunic; inwardly it contains the Aquaeous Humour.  Cornicularis processus, 
see Ancyroides:  Cornua uteri, 
are two lateral parts of the Womb in some Bruits, as Cows, Hearts, Sheep, Goats, etc. yet some Authors have attributed the same parts to a Woman's Womb, from something which imitates them there; for at the sides of the bottom of the Womb, there is a sort of Protuberance on both sides, where the Vasa deferentia are inserted: a Woman's Womb is rarely bipartite, as it is in Bruits.  Coronalis sutura, 
is a Cleft in the Head, made like a Comb, and joins as if the Teeth of two Saws were closely compacted into one another; it is placed in the upper part of the Skull, from one Temple to another, and is circumscribed with the bones of the Forehead, and that particularly called Bregma, in the middle whereof the Suture, styled Sagitalis, is terminated.  Coronaria vasa 
are the Veins and Arteries which surround the Heart, to Nourish it.  Corone 
is an Acute Process of the lower Jawbone, from its likeness to the Beek of a Raven, called Rostriformis, in form of a Beek.  Corpus Callosum 
is the Marrowie part of the Brain, whose Complication makes the foremost Ventricle of the Brain; and it is wholly Marrowie, without any Membrane, and is fastened on both sides to the little Tuffs of the Oblongated Marrow; from which, as from its rise, this Medullarie Substance which overspreads the Arches of the Brain is expanded towards the hinder parts, and gradually diminishes; at length the Exterior Edge of this Expanded Substance is more narrowly contracted, and lower down is joined to the Trunc of the Oblongated Marrow, by the connexion of Membranes and Vessels: and farther, that the Connexion may be firmer, there arises a Medullary Process from its former part, near its little Tufts, which subtending the opening of the Brain, goes to the very Extremities of it; with which, as with two Arms folded, it is united on both sides: which Arms embrace the Trunc of the Oblongated Marrow, and so unite that Limbus of the Brain too more firmly to themselves.  Corpus glandulosum, 
the same with Prostata.  Corpus varicosum, 
see Varicosum corpus.  Corpus Pampineforme, 
see Varicosum corpus.  Corpus Pyramidale, 
see Varicosum corpus.  Corrosio Chymica, 
is a Calcination of mixed Bodies by Corrosives.  Corrosivum 
is a Medicine that has a power of Corroding, as Lime, Aquafortis, etc.  Corrodentia, 
Corroding things, are those which eat up and consume Excrescent Flesh, with their sharp Particles.  Corticalis substantia cerebri, 
is the outward Substance of the Brain, full of Labyrinths, and Meanders in the outside; it is covered with a thin skin, it is of an Ash grisly Colour, and full of little Vessels: inwardly the Medullary Substance is next to it. It's use is to generate Animal Spirits from the Blood, and hence they are conveyed by the Medullarie Substance to the Nerves, and distributed through the whole Body. Secondly, The Seat of the Memory, and Sleep is placed there.  Coryphe 
is the Crown of the Head; also the interior Extremity of the Fingers, near the Nails.  Coryza, or gravedo, 
is a defluction of a sharp, salt, and thickened Humour, into the Mouth, Lungs, and Nostrils, from the Ventricles of the Brain, by the Nerves of smelling; for when it grows thick, it can neither be Percolated by the Reins, nor pass from the Pitutarie Glandule, through the Infindibulum into the Veins, and therefore it Distils into the Nostrils by the aforesaid Nerves, which if it meet with an Accension of Sulphureous Particles, it produces a Fever, and consequently thirst. Hence comes that Coryza, either with or without a Fever.  Cosmetica 
are Medicines which whiten and soften the Skin, as Oil of Tartar, a dissolution of Sublimated Mercury, Sulphur, Camphor, etc.  Costae, the Ribs, 
are those Bones which with other parts make the Chest or Thorax: backward they are connexed with the Vertebres of the Back, forward with the Cartilages of the Breastbone; they are Twelve in Number on both sides; the seven upper are called true, the five lower spurious, the broader part of the Ribs is called Palmula, the straighter towards the Vertebres, Remulus.  Cotyla attica, 
is Nine Ounces, as an Italian Hemina; but Cotyla Italica contains Twelve.  Cotyle, the same with Acetabulum, 
is the cavity of the Hucklebone, which is appointed to receive the head of the Thighbone  Cotyledon, 
the same with Cotyle.  Cotyledones, or Acetabula uterina, 
are Glandules dispersed up and down the uttermost Membrane of the Faetus, called Chorion; which separate Nutritious juice from the Womb to nourish the Faetus; but this is found only in some Animals: the Placenta in the Womb supplies their place in Women. Also the gaping meeting of the Veins in the Womb, are called Cotylidones, and Acetabula; these Glandules are so called, from the resemblance they bear to the Leaves of the Herb Pennywort, in Latin Cotyledon.  Coxae os, the Hyp-bone, 
called otherwise Innominatum, and illium coxendix, because it contains the Gut called ileum; it is annexed to the sides of the Os Sacrum; in Infants it consists of Three Bones, Ilium, Ischium, and Os pubis, which are joined together by Cartilages till Seven Years of Age, than it is distinguished by a Triple Line; it grows into one continued Bone in Adult persons.  Coxendix, 
the same with Coxa and Ischium.  Crama, Croma, and Chrama, 
is a mixture of any thing, whether Medicines or Elements.  Cranium 
is the compages of the Bones of the Head, to which belong the Bones of the Forehead, of the sides of the Head, of the hinder-part of the Head, of the Temples, the Bone called Sphenoides, and another called Cribriforme like a Sieve: it is like a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an Helmet to the Head, which defends it from External Injuries; its upper part is double: some call it Calva and Calvaria. See Calva.  Crapula 
is an Headache proceeding from too much Wine.  Crasis, or temperamentum, 
is a convenient mixtion of qualities; temperament is either Simple, or Compound; Simple, is when only one quality exceeds the rest, as hot, cold, moist, dry, salt, sharp, etc. Compound, is when more qualities exceed, as hot and dry, hot and bitter, salt and sharp, acid and frigid, acid and acrimonious, and also one is inherent, which is fixed in the parts; another influent, which is derived upon the parts, from the Blood and Spirits; and it is either moderate, or immoderate; total, or partial; natural or acquired; permanent or transitory, to an equality in weight, or a just proportion; and so they make a great many distinctions, which signify little or nothing.  Craticula 
is a Chemical Instrument made of square pieces of Iron, as thick as ones Finger, placed so near one another in Acute Angles, that there's half a Finger's space betwixt them; it is used in making of Fires, to keep up the Coals.  Cremasteres, 
are two Muscles of the Testicles, called suspensores, hangers; they grow outwardly to the Membrane of the vagina, and proceed in men from the Ligament which is in the os pubis; and are fast connexed to the lower part of the Testicles.  Cribrosum os, 
see Ethmoides.  Cribrum benedictum antiquorum, 
the Ancients fancied Two Cavities, placed long-ways in the Reins; one uppermost, whereinto the Serous Blood was poured from the Emulgent Arteries; another lowermost, which they fancied was distinguished with a certain Transverse Membrane full of little holes like a Sieve; whence they called it Colatorium, a Strainer, and Benedictum Cribrum, a blessed Sieve, through which they would have the Serum Percolated into the Ureters, and the good Blood stay behind for the nourishment of the Reins.  Cricoarytaenoides 
are Muscles which proceed from the Cartilege, called Cricoides. and are inserted into the Arytaenoides, which whilst they draw backward and outwardly, the opening of the Larynx is Dilated.  Cricoides 
is the Cartilege of the Larynx Windpipe, which is in fashion of a Ring.  Cricothyroides 
signifies a pair of Muscles, which proceed from the Cartilege like a Ring, and are terminated in that which is called Scutiformis, or like a Shield; they Dilate the opening of the Larynx by moving a little obliquely.  Crimnoides, or Crimnodes, 
is Urine with thick Sediments at the bottom, like Bran.  Crisima 
are Signs by which one may discern and judge.  Crisis 
is a sudden Change in a Disease, either towards a Recovery, or Death. It sometimes signifies a Secretion of Humours; but is more frequently taken for a Judgement passed upon a Disease. One Crisis is called perfect, another imperfect; the perfect is that which frees the Patient perfectly and entirely from the Distemper; and it is either Salutary, or deadly. 1. It must be judged by very good Signs. 2. Be manifest. 3. Happen upon a Critical Day. 4. Be faithful. 5. Secure. 6. Suitable to the Disease, and the Distemper of the Patient. An imperfect Crisis, is that which does not clearly determine the Tendency of the Disease, but leaves room for another Crisis: and this is Twofold, either for the better, or for the worse: the former is that which does not quite take away the Disease, but enables the Patient to bear it better: the latter, is when the Disease becomes more violent and dangerous. That Crises depend upon the Motion and Influence of the Moon, and Stars, and follow their Quadrate and opposite Aspects, or their Conjunctions, is false and frivolous; for Critical Evacuations are determined only according to the store and turgescencie of Adust Matter, which is Expelled the Body sooner or later, according to the different Temperament of the Persons Affected: whereupon depends the variety of Critical days.  Cristae 
are Excrescencies of Flesh growing about the Fundament, from a preposterous use of Coition, the Roots whereof are often Chapped, and Cleft.  Christa Galli 
is the Third part of the Bone Ethmoides, or the inner Process, not much unlike the Comb of a Cock: it arises betwixt the Olfactory Nerves; and has the Extremity of the Third Cavity of the hard skin of the Brain, called Dura meninx, implanted in it.  Criterium, 
the same that Crisis.  Crithe, or Hordeolum, 
is a little Oblong Push, or Swelling, which grows to the Eyebrows where the Hairs are; so called from its resemblance to a Barleycorn.  Critici dies 
are those whereon there happens a sudden change of a Disease, and they are Threefold: some are called truly and perfectly Critical; others Indices; others Intercidentes. The perfectly Critical Days are called Principes, or Radicales; because that the Crisis which happen on these days have all the marks of a perfect Crisis: and these are the Seventh, the Fourteenth, and the Twenty-first Day. Indices which are called also Contemplabiles, and Internuncii, are those which Indicate, that the Crisis will be on the Seventh day: and these are Three: the Fourth, the Eleventh, and Seventeenth Day. Intercidentes, which are called also Intercalares, irrepentes, or provocatorii, and those which fall betwixt the days called Principes & Indices, and they only aim at an imperfect Crisis, and are the Third, the Fifth, the Ninth, the Thirteenth, and the Nineteenth; but all other Days which are neither Principes, nor Indices, nor Intercidentes, are called Vacui, and Medicinales, and they are the Sixth, the Eighth, the Tenth, the Twelfth, the Sixteenth, and the Eighteenth. The computation of Critical Days, is to be Instituted from that hour wherein the Patient first felt himself ill. We may observe by the by, That the computation of Critical Days in these Countries does not exactly correspond with Hypocrates his Accounts. All these days depend upon the sooner or later Fermentation and Maturation of the Morbific Matter.  Critica Signa, 
Critical Signs, are such as are taken from a Crisis, either towards Death, or a Recovery; and some of them are antecedent, which either foretell the time of a Crisis, or signify a kind of Crisis. Others are concomitant, which appear at the same time with the Crisis. And others, Lastly, are Subsequent, which show, whether an imperfect Recovery be to be expected; or there be fear of a Relapse.  Crotaphites 
are the Muscles, Veins, and Arteries about the Temples. Sometimes Crotaphium is taken for a pain in the Head.  Crotaphium, 
See in Crotaphites.  Crucibulum, 
a Crucible, is a Vessel for melting Minerals and Metals made of Earth, extraordinarily hardened by Fire, with an Acute Basis, but a larger top, round, or triangular. There is also a sort of Crucible made, commonly called Testa, which is sufficient to melt Metals.  Cruditas morborum, 
a Crudity in Diseases, is when the Blood (as in continued Fevers) is not yet duly sermented, and brought to a right consistence.  Cruditas Ventriculi, 
a Crudity of the Stomach, is when meat out of a defect of Nourishment, or some other cause, is not rightly fermented, and turned into Chyle: and it is Threefold, Apepsia, Bradypepsia, and Dispepsia: of which in their proper places.  Cruor, 
Blood, see Sanguis. Helmont makes a distinction betwixt Sanguis, and Cruor; the former whereof, he says, Is the Blood in the Arteries; the latter, that in the Veins.  Crus, or Magnus pes, 
is all that part of the Body which reaches from the Buttocks down to the end of the Toes; it is divided into the Thigh, Leg, and Foot.  Crusta lactea 
is a species of Anchor, a Scurf, or crusty Scab: only with this difference, that an Anchor Infects only the Head; but this, not only the Face, but almost the whole Body of an Infant at the time of its first Sucking. Crusta Lactea turns white, but Achors have another colour.  Crymodes 
is a cold shivering Fever, but many times accompanied with an Inflammation of the inn parts.  Crysorchis 
is an absconding of the Testicles in the Belly.  Crystalinus humour oculi, 
called also Glacialis, the crystalline humour of the Eye, within the opening of the Tunica Uvea, like a Glass put over a hole, collects and refringes the Rays which strike upon it from all parts; its Substance is like Glue, or the Gum of a Tree, very pellucide, and of a consistence like melting Wax, which though it be pressed, does not yet easily yield and separate. In Men it is shaped like a Lintel, whose outward Surface is pretty plain, but the inner gibbous and risting: this Humour, though it be not apt to spread abroad, yet is clothed with a small Membrane of its own, called Aranea, by reason of its thinness, like to a Spiders Web.  Crystalloides tunica, 
the same with Aranea Tunica.  Cubiforme, 
see Cuboides.  Cubitus, 
the middle part betwixt the Shoulder-bone and the Wrist; it consists of two Bones, one called Ulna, and the other Radius: the ends whereof meet indeed, but the middle parts are separate, though they be tied together a little by a Membranous Ligament.  Cuboides 
is the Fourth bone in that part of the Foot which immediately succeeds the Leg, and that in both Feet. It is called also Grandinosum, and Cubiforme.  Cucupha 
is a Cover for the Head, made of Odoriferous and Cephalic Spices beat to Powder, and stitched betwixt two pieces of Silk; or else, sowed within a Cap, and worn upon the Head against Catarrhs, and other Diseases of the Head.  Cucurbita 
is a Chemical pointed Vessel made of Earth or Glass, used in Distillations by an Alembic sometimes it is taken for Cucurbitula.  Cucurbitini lumbrici 
are broad Worms, like the seed of a Gourd.  Cucurbitula, or Cucurbita, 
a Cupping-glass, is a wide, hollow Vessel, made of Glass or Tin, which is applied to the Body with Scarification, or without it, to divert, to derive the Blood into another part, or to let it out; if it be applied without Scarification, it is called Cucurbita caeca & ventosa. Cupping-glasses are applied to the most fleshy parts, where the large Vessels and Nerves cannot be hurt. The drawing which is performed by these Glasses, is done thus: after the Skin is scarified, the Air in the Cupping-glasses is rarified, and dilated by the flame of the Tow that is fired within it, which after it is cooled and condensed, takes up less room than before; so that the External Air pressing upon the Flesh without, forces the Blood into the Glass. There are two sorts of Cupping-glasses, says Celsus, one of Brass, and the other of Horn: the former is open on one part, and shut on the other; the latter is equally open on one part, on the other has a little hole: burning Tow is thrown into the Brazen one, and so its mouth is applied, and forced upon the Body till it stick. That of Horn, is applied singly by itself, and by a violent sucking at the little hole, which must presently be stopped up close with Wax, it sticks as fast as the other: but if other things fail, than a little Cup or Goblet with a straight mouth may be very fitly applied to the same Effect; after it has stuck, if the Skin be scarified before with a Penknife, it draws out the Blood; if it be whole and entire, it draws out the Flatulent Matter; therefore where the matter within is hurtful and offensive, it must be applied the former way; where there's an Inflammation, the latter. The Egyptians at this day use those of Horn; as appear from Prosper Alpinus.  Cuneiforme os 
is so called from the resemblance they say it has to a Wedge; in Latin Cuneus; the Ancients called it Multiforme, of many Shapes, by reason of the various Processes' inside and outside, which render it rough and unequal: it is situate in the midst of the Basis of the Brain, and is placed under it like a Basis, so that it touches upon most of the Bones of the Head, and the upper Jaw.  Cuneiformia ossa, 
are those bones which make the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh bone of that part of the Foot which immediately succeeds the Leg: which Fallopius calls Sphenoidea, Innominata, and Calcoidea.  Cunnus 
is a Woman's Privy Parts, consisting of a Clytoris, Nymphae, etc.  Curatio 
is a right way or method of finding out by Symptoms and Indications, proper Remedies for any Disease, in order to the Recovery of Health.  Curativa indicatio, 
is an Indication which respects the Disease to be cured.  Curculio, 
the same with Cion.  Cuticula 
the little thin skin, is a cover of the skin without sense, extended outwardly over the whole skin like a Membrane, full of Innumerable small Pores, accommodated to the avoiding of injuries from abroad, to the shutting up of the Cutaneus Vessels, and to the more Accurate Perfecting of Tactile Qualities: It is nourished by the Blood; for if it be lost or perished, it comes again, though its Vessels be but little conspicuous. It is not condensed by Cold; for I have often shown it in Abortions; nor is it condensed by Oily Vapours, because that condensed Vapours easily slide off again.  Cutis 
is the skin in a living Man: but Pellis, is that which is flayed off, and it is the outermost cover of the whole Body, or a pretty thick Membrane wrought of several Filaments of the Veins and Arteries, Nerves, and Nervous Fibres, Complicated and Interwoven with one another, full of Glandules, and Limpheducts, or Vessels that convey away the Vapours and Sweat, abounding with a great number of Pores here and there, and sensibly Perforated in many places to let in and out, as occasion requires, as at the Mouth, Nostrils, Eyes, Ears, Privities, Fundament, etc. it is thickest of all upon the Head; moderately hard in the Neck and Back; finer in the Face, Yard, and outer skin of the Cod; thin on the sides; thinnest of all on the Lips; in some places, as the Elbow, Forehead, soles of the Feet, etc. it sticks very close together.  Cyathus, 
we English it properly a Beeker, is a Measure of Dry things as well as Liquids'; not as some think, a common sort of Cup; but the Eighth part of a sextary.  Cyclisci, 
are Surgeons Tools wherewith they scrape away Corrupt Flesh, or the like; made in the form of an Half Moon.  Cyema, 
the same with Embryo.  Cylindrus 
is a Plaster made oblong; which Physicians call Magdaleo.  Cyllosis, 
see in Cyllum.  Cyllum 
signifies a Leg put out of joint outwardly. Also one Lame and Crooked.  Cymbiforme os. 
see os Naviculare.  Cynanche and Lycanche, 
so called, because it is frequently incident to Dogs and Wolves, is an Inflammation of the inner Muscles of the Larynx, accompanied with a difficulty of breathing, and a continual Fever.  Cynantropia 
is Madness given by a Dog, wherein the Patient flies light, and any thing that is bright and splendid; fears Water, and trembles at the sight and remembrance of it; it proceeds usually from a poisonous bite, or the like, of some mad Creature, as a Dog, a Wolf, etc.  Cynodes orexis, 
is a Canine Appetite, or an Extreme hunger joined with Vomiting, or a Looseness: it arises from too much, or a too acid Ferment in the Stomach.  Cynodesmus 
is the band which ties the little skin of the Yard to the Nut.  Cynodontes 
are those Teeth betwixt the Axel Teeth and the Grinders, called Canini, Columellares, and Oculares, Eye-teeths, as we say.  Cyphosis 
is the bending of the Vertibres of the Back towards the Back parts.  Cyrtoma 
is a bunch on the Back, or a Tumour in any other part.  Cyrtosis, 
the same with Cyrtoma.  Cyssaros' 
is the Gut called Rectum, the lowermost of all: Also the Fundament.  Cystica 
are Medicines used against Distempers in the Bladder.  Cystis 
is the Bladder that holds the Urine, or the Gall.  Cystis choledochus, 
the same with Folliculus fallis.    


D.  DAcryodes 
are Ulcers which continually send forth Matter.  Danich, 
the same with Lupinus.  Darsis 
is an Excoriation of the Skin.  Dartus 
is the second Tunic of the common Coats which mediately cover the Testicles of a Man: it arises from the Fleshy Membrane; but in Women the Testicles are immediately covered with the Coat of the Peritonaeum.  Dasymma 
is a superficiary in equality of the inner part of the Eyelids, accompanied with a redness.  Debilitas 
is a weakness proceeding from Swooning, Fainting, Hunger, Disease, or otherways.  Declinatio morbi, 
the declension of a Disease is when it recedes from its height, and the Patient is beyond danger: for none dies in the declension of a Disease but accidentally. See Acme.  Decoctum, 
see Apozema.  Decussis, 
the same with Denarius.  Decussorium 
is a Surgeons Instrument wherewith the Dura Mater being highly pressed, is acurately adjoined to the Scull, that the puss or snotty Matter gathered betwixt the Scull and the Skin called Dura Menix, or Mater, may be Evacuated by a hole made with a Surgeon's instrument called Trepanum.  Defectio animi, 
see Lypothomia.  Deflagratio febrium, 
see Apyrexia.  Defluvium capillorum, 
see Alopecia.  Deflexus, 
the same with Catarrbus.  Deglutio, 
swallowing, is an Animal Action whereby Meat chawed in the Mouth, or any thing more Liquid, descends into the Stomach by the contraction of the Fibers of the Gullet.  Delirium 
is a Depravation of the imagination and judgement, arising from a Tumultuary and disorderly motion of the Animal Spirits; whereupon the Persons Affected speak several absurd and incongruous things, the antecedent cause whereof lies either in the Blood, or in the Animal Spirits; there are several species of it: some who speak little, some who dote in their talk; and not only think, but speak things ridiculous, strange, magnificent, and malicious; others again really execute what they think, and that either with laughter, or in great earnest: but all these orders of doting people, are reduced to certain destinctions.  Dejectio 
is an Evacuation of the Excrements by the  Motion of the Guts.  Deleterium 
is any Poisonous Medicine.  Deligatio 
is a part of Chirurgery that concerns the binding up of Wounds, Ulcers, broken Bones, etc. and it is either Simple or Compound. The Simple is either equal or unequal: the equal is only round, which swaths the affected Member without any Declension to either side: the unequal is divided into Ascia and Sima, which at least differ upon the account of one being greater, and the other less; Ascia declines little from a round, but Sima much. There are a great many distinctions of Swathing, taken from the likeness of the parts which are swathed, or from certain Animals and other things.  Deliquium animi, 
the same with Eclipse.  Deliquium chymicum, 
is a Distillation by the force of Fire: or a melting of the Calx which is suspended in moist Cells, and a Resolution of it into a Lixivious Humour.  Deltoides 
is a Triangular Muscle, like the Greek Δ, it proceeds from the Channel Bone, from the upper Process of the Shoulderblade, and from the Process of the same, which is called Spiniforme, or like a Thorn; and being fastened to the middle strong Tendon of the Shoulder, lifts up the Shoulder itself.  Denarius 
is the Seventh part of an Ounce.  Dentarpaga, 
see Forfex.  Dentes the Teeth, 
are little bones of both Jaws fastened one within another like so many Nails. Men are said to have Thirty, and Women Twenty eight; as far as they appear above the Gums there's no Membrane about them; they grow continually, otherwise they would be worn out by daily grinding, they are not only provided with Veins and Arteries, but with Nerves too; as the great pains which they are subject to, manifestly evince.  Dentiducum, 
see Forfex.  Dentifricium 
is a Medicine for whitening, scouring, and fastening the Teeth, and for strengthening the Gums.  Dentitio 
is the time that Children breed Teeth, which is about the seventh Month, or later; and usually the upper Teeth come first, in some the under; and amongst these, the foreteeth first: many times Fevers, Convulsions, Loosnesses, etc. attend Children in the time of breeding Teeth.  Derivatio 
is a means whereby blood that flows towards one part, but is not fixed there, is drawn away by a neighbouring part.  Derma, 
the same with Cutis.  Descensum, or per descensum destillare; 
See Delicquium.  Desiccatio 
is an Evaporation of superfluous moistness by heat.  Destillatio 
is an Extraction of the moist or unctuous parts, which are rarified into Mist, or Smoke as it were, by the force of Fire. Distillation is performed by a Bladder, by the Chemical Instrument called Cucurbita, (before described) by a Retort, by Deliquium, by Filtre, by Descent; etc. and that either in Balneo Mariae, Sand, Vapours, Dung, the Sun, a Reverberatorie, etc.  Detergentia, 
see Abstergentia.  Deuteropathia 
is a Disease that proceeds from another Disease; for Example, If the Headache from the Distemper of another part, the Morbific Matter being translated thither from its former repository.  Diabetes, 
so Galen calls it, and Agineta dipsacus, from the great Thirst that attends it: and as others will have it, from a certain sort of Serpent called Dipsacus, found especially in Lybia, which Poisons with its bite, and brings an unquenchable Thirst upon the person Affected. It is a rare Distemper, which Galen says, he has seen but twice. The Famous Doctor J. Van Dueren, and I, observed it once in a Reverend Pastor of the Church; and it is too great a Fusion of the Blood, whereupon the Serum, joined with a violent Thirst, passes the Reins, and is Excerned in great quantity by the passages of the Urine; it proceeds ordinarily from a too much exalted, or a too Acid Ferment in the Reins.  Diabrosis 
is a solution of the Continuum, by eating out of parts.  Diaclisma 
is a washing of the Mouth to cleanse it, or to strengthen the Teeth or Gums; the Washeses are made of several Astringents, as of the Herbs Britannica, Tormentil, bark of Pomegranates, Galls, Alum, Flowers, or Blossoms of wild Pomegranates, etc.  Diacopraegia 
is a Medicine made of Goats-dung, against Tumours in the Spleen, and Glandules behind the Ears, called Parotides.  Diacrisis 
is a distinction and dijudication of Diseases and Symptoms.  Diacritica, 
see Diacrisis.  Diadoche 
is a succeeding by a Crisis.  Diadosis 
is a distribution of Nourishment through all the parts.  Diaeresis 
is an Eating out, or consuming of Vessels, as Senertus says, when from some cutting corroding Cause, some ways and passages are made which naturally ought not to have been; or when some which really are, yet are dilated more than ordinary, so that the Humours which ought to have been contained in the Vessels, run out. For first, a Diaeresis may be occasioned by sharp Humours which dissolve the Unity, and cut away; which likewise sharp Medicines will do, if they consist of thick parts; for those of Minute parts are not Corrosive, because they stick not long enough. Again, plenty of Humours may occasion a Diaeresis, by distending and bursting the parts. Thirdly, There are several evident causes of a Diaeresis; to wit, all those which by Contusion and Stretching, do break the Unity of the Vessels; such as are Vehement Motion, Noise, great Weight, things that Wound, that Bruise, a Fall, a Leap, and the like; amongst which, you may reckon Wind, which being long penned up, does sometimes so forcibly distend the parts of the Body, that it does not only Dilate the natural Cavities which contain it, but make new, when it breaks our, and dissolves the Unity of the parts also; a Chyrurgical Operation, which either by Incision, Burning, Perforating, Shaving, Filing, Sawing, or Eating, solves the Continuity of parts.  Diaeta, Diet, 
is a method in sound Persons of living moderately; in Sick, a Remedy consisting in the right use of things necessary to life; and upon that account is either of a thick, moderate, or thin consistence: the first is done by a good quantity of firm solid Meats, and such as afford good nourishment; this sort of Diet is called simply full, and was formerly made of whole Barley-corns husked and boiled, like Furmety: or it is more full and thick, which is done by Pullet's flesh, and poch Eggs: or it is most full, which allows of eating of things Gelt: that of a moderate consistence, is which consists of Meats of a moderate quantity and substance; this was formerly done by Bread sopped in Pottage, or with young tender Flesh: that of a thin consistence is, which is done by little Nourishment, and that thin and weak; which for the most part is agreeable in sharp Diseases: and this is Threefold, either simply weak, which was formerly done by the juice of Ptisane: or more weak, when the Patient drunk Water and Honey boiled together: or weakest of all, when the Patient took no meat; but now-adays Diets are not so strictly observed as formerly; especially in these Countries.  Diaetetica 
is a part of Physic that prescribes the use and knowledge of Six things which are not Natural.  Diagnosis 
is the Knowledge of present signs: or a knowledge whereby we understand the present condition of a Distemper; and it is Threefold, either a right instigation of the part Affected, of the disease itself, or of its Cause.  Dialeimma, 
the same with Apyrexia.  Diapasma, 
according to Pliny, is a dry Medicine, made up of dry Powders, to be sprinkled upon something; as either upon Clothes to Pertume them, or upon Ulcers, and Wounds, several ways; or upon Drink, to make it more Delicious.  Diapedeses 
is an Eruption of the Blood, by reason of the thinness of the Vessels.  Diaphanum 
is that which is Transparent, as the Humours of the Eyes, the Tunica Cornea, etc.  Diaphoresis, Sweeting, 
is a Perspiration of all manner of Effluvia through the invisible pores of the Body.  Diaphragma, or Septum Transversum, and Disseptum, 
is a Transverse Muscle which separates the Thorax or Chest from the Abdomen; in the middle it is Membranous; the Gullet, the great Artery, and the great hollow Vein, all pass through it: it conduces to respiration with other Muscles, and pressing upon the Guts, helps forward the Secretion of the Excrements.  Diaphrattontes 
are Membranes called Pleura, which cover the inside of the Thorax, and leave a kind of partition in the middle, called Mediastinum.  Diaphthora 
is a Corruption of any part of the Body.  Diaplasis 
is the setting of a Limb out of joint.  Diaplasma 
is an Ointment or Fomentation.  Diapnoe, 
the same with Diaphoresis.  Diapyema, 
the same with Empyema.  Diapyetica 
are Medicines which ripen the Pus, or Crass snotty Matter.  Diaria febris, 
the same that Ephemera.  Diarrbaea 
is a looseness in the Belly which Ejects several Bilious, Pituitous, and other feculent Excrements.  Diarthrosis 
is a good constitution of the Bones, whereby they are apt to move easily and strongly; such as is in the Arm, Hands, Thigh, Foot, etc.  Diastole 
is the Dilatation of the Heart, when the Blood flows into it, from the place where it is accended, the Lungs.  Diateretica 
is part of the art of preserving Health, which is various according to the Age and Constitution of Men.  Diathesis 
is the Natural or Preternatural Disposition of the Body, whereby we are inclined to perform all Natural Actions, ill or well.  Dichophyia 
is a fault in the Hair, when it parts.  Dicrotus 
is a Pulse that beats twice.  Didymi 
are twins.  Dies Critici, 
see Critici dies.  Digastricus 
is a double-bellied Muscle, which arises from the Process called mammiformis, or like a Teat, and ends in the inner middle part of the Chin, and draws it downwards.  Digerentia, or praeparantia, 
are those things which change the qualities of fermenting Heat, which resist Action.  Digestio Chymica, 
a Chemical Digestion, is when things are Digested by an Artificial heat, just as they are naturally in the Stomach.  Digestiva, 
see Digerentia.  Dilatatio 
is when any Passages or Receptacles in the Body are too much distended, as in Veins that swell with Melancholy, corrupt Blood in the Temples, Legs, etc.  Dilatatorium 
is a Surgeons Instrument wherewith the Womb or the Mouth is dilated or opened. It is called likewise Speculum, because by it one may see into the Mouth, or Womb.  Dilutum, 
the same with infusio.  Dinus 
the same with Vertigo.  Diota 
is a Vessel that surrounds a thing; so called from its Two Ears, which Environ both Arms, applied to its sides: its Inferior part is made like a Cupping-glass, upon which an Alembic is put, wherein there is a Channel at the top which serves to pour Liquor in and it has besides two crooked Noses conveniently placed, which convey the Condensed Humour from the Head of the Instrument into the Cucurbite.  Dioptra 
is an Instrument whereby one may see into the Matrix, otherwise called Dilatatorium, wherewith the Womb is dilated and enlarged in the extraction of a dead Faetus out of it, or in inspecting any Ulcers that are in it.  Diplasiasmus 
is a Reduplication of Diseases: also Two Muscles of the Arm, which serve to turn it about.  Diploe 
is the lower thin plate or shell of the Scull: also a double Vessel usual with Chemists.  Diploma, 
the same with Diploe: sometimes it is taken for a complicated or folded cloth.  Dipsacus, 
the same with Diabetes.  Dislocatio, 
the same with Luxatio.  Dispensatorium, 
a dispensatory, is a Book useful for Apothecaries, wherein all Medicines, at least the most usual, are contained, and prescribed; that they may be prepared in the Shops all the Year round.  Dispositio 
is an Habit whereby we are well or ill disposed to perform an Action.  Dissimilares parts, 
Dissimilar parts, are such as can be divided into various parts different from one another; as the hand into Veins, Muscles, Bones, etc.  Dissolutio 
is when Electuaries and Powders are mingled and dissolved in water or a decoction.  Distentio 
is when parts are puffed up, dilated, or relaxed by any thing, as the Guts by Wind, raised from Effervencies within them, whence Oppressions and Pains frequently proceed.  Distorsio 
is when parts are ill placed, or ill figured.  Distributio Chyli, 
the Chyle is distributed when after a due fermentation in the Ventricle and the Guts, it soaks into the little Teats in the Intestines (which Dr. Willis calls the Glandulous Tunic) and passing through the Lacteal Veins, and its proper Channel along the side of the Thorax, at last falls into the Subclavian Vein, that it may Circulate with the Blood, and receive its Colour.  Districheasis 
is a double row of Hair on the Eyelids.  Dieuresis, 
is a Secretion of the Urine by the Reins; which is done after this manner: there are little Glandules placed near the Emulgent Arteries, wherewith the Serum is separated from the Blood, and is conveyed by little Channels (of which the substance of the Reins does principally consist) to the Carunculae Papillares, little Pappie pieces of Flesh, thence to the Pelvis, the Basin, thence to the Ureters, thence to the Bladder, and so out of Dores.  Diuretica, 
are those Medicines which by parting, dissolving, and funding the Blood, do precipitate the Serum by the Reins to the Bladder.  Dodecadactylum 
is the first of the small Guts, beginning from the Pylorous of the Stomach, and ending where the Gut jejunum gins: it is so called, as if it were the length of Twelve Fingers, which yet is never observed in any men amongst us; perhaps the Ancients mistake from inspecting the Guts of some Brutes.  Dogmatica Medicina, 
or rational: Hypocrates was its first Author, and after him Galen; who both added reason to experience.  Dolour, 
Pain, the same with Algema.  Dolour Nephriticus, 
the same that Nephritis.  Dorsum, or Tergum, 
the back, is the hinder part of the Thorax; The Dorsum, back, of the Hand or Foot, is their outside.  Dosis 
is a set quantity of Physic, or as much as is given at once.  Dothien 
is an hard swelling, or push, as big as a Pigeons Egg, accompanied with a grievous Pain, and proceeding from thick Blood.  Dracunculus 
is a Ulcer which eats through a Nerve itself: also, a long sort of Earth worm, white, plain, but not very broad; which frequently grows to Indians Legs.  Drachma, 
a Dram, is the Eighth part of an Ounce, it contains three Scruples.  Drastica 
are the most ready Medicines.  Dropacismus 
is that wherewith all the External Members being extenuated, loosened, cold and moist, are anointed; and it is either Simple or Compound: the Simple is made of a little Pitch melted with Oil: The Compound, besides that, has Pepper, wild Pellitory, Brimstone, and Rosemary-seed in it; and if there be occasion for drying, they add Natural Brimstone, as it is digged out of the Earth, Salt, and the Ashes of Vine-branches: but if it be to Vellicate, than you must add Euphorbium, (a Tree first found by King Juba) it is made up in different Forms; sometimes like an Emplastrum, other times like a Cataplasm.  Dropax, 
the same that Dropacismus.  Ductus bilarius, 
see Porus bilarius.  Ductus Chyliferus 
is a Vessel, in the lower part whereof, all the Lacteal Veins, and many Lymphducts are terminated: it arises about the Glandule of the Kidney on the left side; and ascending along the Thorax near the great Artery, ends at the Subclavian Vein on the left side; it is furnished with several Valves, that the Matter which ascends by it, may not fall down again: betwixt the Fourth and Sixth Vertebre it is variously forked as Nature has been pleased to sport. It's use is to convey the Chyle and the Lympha from the lower parts to the Heart.  Ductus pancreaticus, 
is a little Channel which arises from the Pancreas or Sweetbread, which is inserted into the Guts near, or not far off the passage which conveys the Bile; it runs with a Lymphatic juice, which it discharges into the Gut Duodenum, to ferment and volatise the Meat from the Acid ferment of the Stomach, and the mixture of Gall: The Learned Dr. Graaf knew how to get a juice out of it, that was something Acid; though other Physicians doubt of it, and of certain Diseases which the Excellent Silvius Attributes to the Effervescence of this Acid Pancreatic juice, with the Gall in the Duodenum. But we Affirm, That there is sometimes an Acid juice found in it, and often a salt and austere; but frequently an insipid volatile Liquor. See my Antomie Reform. Chap. 11. l. 1.  Ductus Roriferus, 
so the Noble Bilsius calls it; the same with Ductus Chyliferus.  Ductus Salivares, or Salivarii, 
are passages which proceeding from the Maxilarie Glandules, goes as far as the Jaws and sides of the Tongue, where they emit the juice we call Spittle, which conduces to the better chewing and swallowing of solid Meat, and something to its Fermentation too.  Ductus Thoracicus, 
see Ductus Chyliferus.  Ductus Umbilicalis, 
see Funiculus.  Duodenum intestinum, 
the same with Dodecadactylon.  Dura Mater, 
see Mater Dura.  Dysaesthesia 
is a difficulty of, or fault in sensation.  Dyscrasia 
is an unequal mixture of Elements in the Blood, or Nervous Juice.  Dyselces 
is one who is troubled with Ulcers that are very hard to be Cured.  Dysenteria 
is a Looseness, accompanied with Gripe in the Belly, wherein bloody and purulent Excrements, and Membraneous pieces of the Intestines too are Excerned, always or very frequently attended with a continual Fever, and a Drought.  Dysepulatica 
are great Ulcers, beyond Cure.  Dysodes 
is any thing that swells ill, as Excrements.  Dysorexia 
is want of Appetite, proceeding from an ill disposition of the Stomach.  Dyspathia 
is an Impatient Temper.  Dyspepsia 
is a difficulty of Digestion, or Fermentation in the Stomach and Guts, whereupon the Nourishment is often turned into Acidity, and smells ill.  Dysphonia 
is a difficulty of Speech, from an ill disposition of the Organs.  Dysphoria 
is an Impatience in Suffering.  Dyspnaea 
is a difficulty of Breathing, which proceeds from vitiated, obstructed, or irritated Organs.  Dystherapeuta, 
are Diseases of difficult Cure.  Dysthimia 
is a sickness of the Mind.  Dystichia 
is a double row of Hair on the Eyelids.  Dysthriachisis 
is a continual defluction of Tears, from the pricking of Hairs in the Eyelids, which grow under the Natural Hairs.  Dystocia 
is a difficulty of bringing forth; or a preternatural Birth; as when the Faetus comes forth Obliquely, Transverse, or with its Feet foremost; or when the Passages are straitened by Inflammation, or otherwise; or when the Faetus is very large, weak, fat, or dead.  Dystrichiasis 
is when the Hairs grow inverse.  Dysuria 
is a difficulty of Urine, proceeding from an ill disposition of the Organs, or from an Obstruction of them by the Stone, Gravel, or Viscous Clammy Humours, accompanied with an heat of the Urine.    


E.  ECbolica 
are Medicines which help the Delivery in hard Labour. Also Medicines which cause Abortions.  Eccathartica, 
see Cartharticum.  Ecchyloma, 
the same with Extractum.  Ecchymoma 
signifies Marks, and Spots in the Skin, from the Extravasation of Blood.  Ecchymosis, 
the same with Ecchymoma.  Eccope, 
the same with Extirpatio.  Ecchoprotica, 
the same with Catharticum.  Eccrimocritica 
are signs from particular Excretions.  Eccrisis 
is a Secresion of Excrements.  Eclegma, or Linctus, 
which the Arabians call Loch, and Lohoch; others Illinctus, is a Medicine applied inwardly, of a middle consistence, between a Syrup and an Opiate, made up of several Pectorals against the Distempers of the Throat, and the Lungs.  Eclipse 
is a Defection of Spirit.  Eclysis 
is when the strength is a little decayed, proceeding from a want of sufficient warmth, and spirits in the Body.  Ecphracticum 
is a Medicine good against Obstructions.  Ecphraxis 
is a taking away of Obstructions in any part, by opening cutting Medicines.  Ecphysesis 
is a breathing thick.  Ecphysis 
is a Process that coheres with the Bone.  Ecpiesma 
is a juice squeezed out: also dregs which remain of any thing that is squeezed: likewise a fracture of the Scull, wherein the broken parts press upon the meanings or Skins of the Brain.  Ecpiesmus 
is a very great Protuberance of the Eyes.  Ecplexis 
is a fright or Stupor.  Ecpneumatosis, 
see Exspiratio.  Ecptosis, 
the same that Luxatio.  Ecpuctica 
are condensing Medicines, see Incrassantia.  Ecpyema, 
the same with Empyema.  Ecpyesis, 
see Ecpyema.  Ecrythmus 
is a Pulse which observes no method, nor Number incident to any age.  Ecstasis, 
an Ecstasy, is a commotion of the Mind: also a dimotion of any thing from the state wherein it was, into another.  Ecthlimma 
is an Ulceration arising from a violent compression in the Surface of the Skin.  Ecthymata 
are Pimples, or certain break out in the Skin, as the small Pox, etc.  Ecthymosis 
is a Commotion and Intumescencie of the Blood: also a cheerfulness of mind.  Ectillotica 
are Medicines which consume Callous parts, and pull out hairs.  Ectropium 
is a growing of the Eyelids, when the lower is shorter than the upper.  Eczemata 
are red hot, and burning Pimples; some take Hydroa for Eczema, but 'tis a mistake.  Effervescentia 
is an Intestine Motion of Particles of different nature and qualities, tending to sudden Destruction; sometimes attending with heat, and a flame, as in unquenched Lime, Hay laid up moist, Chemical mixtures, etc.  Egestio, 
the same with Dejectio.  Elastica vis, 
is an Explosion of Animal Spirits, as is frequent in Cramps, Convulsions: also an Intestine Commotion of the Air.  Elaterium 
is the Juice of wild Cucumbers made up in a thick and hard consistence: also any Medicine that purges the Belly.  Elctica, 
see Attrahentia.  Elcus, 
see Helcus.  Electuarium 
is a Confection of Simple Ingredients, Paps or Pithes, Gums mixed with Syrup, or Honey, of a Consistence like a Conserve; and it is either Simple, or Compound; the Simple consists only of the Pith of Cassia, Tamarinds, or Prunes; but the Compound, for the most part of several Simple Ingredients, Pulps, condensated Juices, Gums, etc. made up with Honey or Syrup. Electuaries are Digestive, Loosning, Purging, Strengthening, Alexipharmic, etc.  Elementa, or Principia, 
are the Simplest Bodies that can be, which are neither made of one another, nor of any thing else, of which all things are made, and into which they are ultimately resolved. There are Five Elements, Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Water, and Earth; the two last whereof are called Passive, the rest Active. Others reckon Three only, Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury; but not so well. The Peripatetics reckon Four, Fire, Air, Water, and Earth. Cartesius supposes a First Matter, a Second, and a Third; but all those Elements are compounded of others; wherefore to say, that any thing consists thereof, is as if one should say, That a Tree is compounded of a Root, Trunc, Branches, Leaves, Flowers, etc.  Eleosaccharum, 
is nothing but Distilled Oil, mixed with Sugar.  Elephantiasis Arabum, 
of which the Greeks speak nothing, but the Arabians do frequently, is a kin to a varix, or crooked swelling in the Veins; and proceeds from thence, and is only a Tumour in the Feet. Avicenna Treats of this Distemper, where he speaks of the varices: yet Rhases differs from him, and Haly Abbas follows the Greeks; who says, That an Elephas is a Disease, which corrupts all the Members of the Body, and is as it were an Universal Cancre: but neither is he consistent with himself when he Writes, That Ulcers in the Legs and Feet are called Elephas; and that Elephanticus Morbus is an Aposthume proceeding from Melancholy, in the Legs and Feet: and a sign of it, is that the shape of the Foot is like the figure of an Elephant. All the rest Treat separately of a Leprosy, and an Elephantia, and make the latter to be a swelling of the Feet, proceeding from Melancholy and Pituitous Blood, and the crooked swelling of the Veins, whereby the Feet resemble the Feet of an Elephant in shape and thickness, and this sort of Tumour is often seen in Beggars who wander much.  Elephantiasis Grecorum, 
which the Arabians call a Leprosy: it is called also Elephas, Elephantiasis, and Elephantia, from an Elephant; as some think, because it makes People big like an Elephant: which is a foolish notation of the Word; for the Body is no bigger, though the Disease be. Others think it so called, because the Distemper lying in the Legs, makes them stiff and equal, like an Elephant: or because 'tis a strong vehement Disease like an Elephant; with such like stuff. Galen in his Fourteenth Chapter of Tumours says, That this Disease is called Saturiasmus, when it first gins, because it makes the face like that of a satire. For the Lips are thick, the Nose swells, the Ears decays, the Jaws are red, the Forehead is set with tumors, like so many horns. Though others think it is called Saturiasmus, because the Persons Affected are much inclined to Lechery at the beginning, as Satyrs are. Celsus Describes it thus, The whole Body, says he, is so affected, that the very bones may be said to be Corrupted: the upper parts of the Body are full of Spots and tumors, the Redness whereof is gradually turned into Black: the top of the Skin is unequally Thick, Thin, Hard, Soft, Rough, as if it had Scales on it; the Body decays, the Bone, Calves of the Legs, and Feet swell: when the Disease is old and inveterate, the Toes and Fingers are hid in the swelling, and a small Fever arises which easily consumes a man loaden with so many Infirmities.  Elevator, 
the same with Elevatorium.  Elevatorium, 
so called from lifting up, is a Chirurgeons Instrument wherewith Sculls that are depressed are raised up again.  Elixir, 
so called from the Arabic Word Elecschir, or Elieschir, or Eleschus; is the Essence of any thing Extracted with the Spirit of Wine, or something of that Nature; it is the same that a Tincture.  Elminthes 
are little Worms bred in the Guts; especially that called Rectum, the lowermost.  Elodes 
is a continual Fever, wherein the Patients are almost melted through moisture.  Elythroides, or Vaginalis, 
is the second proper Tunic which mediately involves the Testicles.  Embrocatio, 
the same that Embroche.  Embrocha, 
the same that Embroche.  Embroche, 
an irregulation, or instillation, is a sort of Fomentation, when a Liquor is distilled from on high, like Rain, upon a part, which is either done by a Vessel with a Nose that inclines, or by distillation, or out of an Ewer. First, it is used in Distempers of the Brain, where the Liquor is first poured upon the Suturs called Coronalis, and is permitted to run by that called Sagittalis. Secondly, it is applied to the top of the Spinal Marrow, in Diseases of the Nerves, and is permitted to run down the whole ridge of the Back. Thirdly, it is used to warm or dry the Ventricle, and the Liquor is suffered to run through the whole Abdomen; and if the Bowels be weak, they apply a Cerecloth of Santalum (some English it ) to the Liver, when they apprehend it may be overheated. The matter whereof these Embroches are made in common  water, a Decoction, Milk, and Oil, according as the Distemper of the part, and necessity require.  Embryon 
is the Rudiment of a Child in the Womb.  Embryatomia 
is an Anatomical Dissection of a Faetus.  Emetica or Vomitoria, 
are Medicines which with their Pungent Particles contract the Fibres of the Stomach upwards, and so Eject at the Mouth whatsoever is offensive to the Stomach; they are made of Decoctions, Tinctures, and Infusions, etc. and therefore for the most part are Liquid.  Emetologia 
is a description of things that provoke Vomiting.  Emmenagoga 
are Medicines which excite the Courses.  Emmoton 
is a Liquid Medicine, which is injected into Ulcers, with a little Instrument which they use in Wounds, fashioned like a Man's Yard.  Emollientia, 
softening things, are such as with a moderate heat and moisture, dissolve the parts, which before cohered close, and dissipating others, make them lose and soft.  Empasma, 
the same with Catapasma.  Emphraxis 
is Obstruction in any part.  Emphractica, 
the same with Emplattomena.  Emphysema 
is an Inflammation, proceeding from an Effervencie, or otherwise.  Emphyton Thermon, 
is the innate heat, or heat first sown in the Faetus from the Parent's Seed, which afterwards, when Respiration is begun, and the Faetus subsists of itself, decays by degrees. Both Philosophers and Physicians call this heat an innate and native Spirit, and say that it consists of Three parts, of a primogenial moisture, an innate Spirit and Heat. Whence Fernelius defines innate heat, to be a primogenial moisture every way qualified with an innate spirit and heat: but these toys of the Ancients are nothing to us; for 'tis certain, that Heat belongs only to newborn creatures.  Empirica Medicina, 
quacking, is Curing the Sick by guess, without reason. Acron Agrigentinus was the first Author of it, who neglecting the reasons of things, contented himself with bare Experience. Quacks first flourished amongst the Egyptians; from this Trade came Mountebanks.  Emplastica, 
the same with Emplattomena.  Emplastrum a Plaster, 
is a Medicine applied outwardly to the skin, spread upon Linen, or Leather; it is commonly made of Oils, or of those things which are of a like consistence with Oil; as Swines-grease, Butter, Slimy viscous extractions from Gums, Roots, etc. also of Powders and Wax, or those things which are of a like consistence with Wax; as Rosin, Pitch, Gum, etc. the Mass whereof being yet hot, is form into a Cylindriacal Figure.  Emplattomena, or Emplastica, 
are Salves which so constipate and shut up the pores of the Body, that Sulphureous Vapours cannot pass.  Empneumatosis 
is an alternate dilatation of the Chest, whereby the Nitrous Air is continually breathed in, and by the Windpipe, and its Bladdery parts is communicated to the Blood to accend it: but if we inspect the matter narrowly, Inspiration does not seem to depend principally upon the Thorax, but upon the contraction of the Membrane which covers the Windpipe, the upper part of the Gullet, and the Nostrils; for take this away, and you take away the motion of the Chest, the Lungs, and the Abdomen.  Emprosthotonos 
is the continual Contraction of the Muscles of the Neck towards the foreparts.  Empyema, 
properly so called, is a Collection of Purulent Matter in the Cavity of the Thorax; but largely taken, signifies the same in the Abdomen too.  Empyreumata 
are little Feverish remains after a Crisis: also that thick Viscous Matter which subsides to the bottom in Distilled Waters.  Emulgentia vasa 
are the Arteries and Veins which pass under the Reins.  Emulsio, 
an Emulsion is a Medicine to be Drunk, made of the Kernel of some Seeds, infused in a convenient Liquor.  Emuncteria 
are Cavities into which something is emptied, as the Pituitous Humour of the Brain into the Nostrils; the yellow thickish Humour, which we call Earwax, into the Ears, the Excrements into the Bowels; the Urine into the Bladder, etc.  Enarthrosis 
is jointing, when the cavity that receives is deep, and the head of the bone that's inserted is Oblong; as may be seen in the Hucclebone, and its cavity; in the principal Bone of that part of the Foot which immediately succeeds the Leg, with the Bone called Cymbiforme, or like a Boat.  Enaemen 
is a Medicine which stops the Blood, or which by binding, cooling, or drying, closes the passages of the Vessels which were open, stops or diminishes the fluidity and violent Motion of the Blood.  Enaeorema 
is that crass Substance which is suspended in the middle of Urines.  Encanthis 
is the Caruncula Lachrymalis, or an Excrescence & Swelling of the inner angles of the eye.  Encathisma, 
the same with Insessus.  Encephalos 
is whotsoever is within the compass of the Scull: as the Brain, the Cerabellum, the Oblongated Marrow, etc.  Encharaxis, 
see Scarificatio.  Encheiresis Anatomica, 
is a readiness in Dissections; when an Anatomist shows the parts of a Carcase dexterously.  Enchymoma 
is an Afflux of the Blood, whereby the External parts are rendered black and blue; as in the Scurvy, Blood shot Eyes, & e. also an Afflux of Blood, by the quickness and suddenness of its Motion, as in Anger and Joy.  Enchyta 
is an Instrument wherewith Liquids are instilled into the Eyes, Nostrils, or Ears.  Enclysma, 
the same that Clyster.  Encope 
is an Incision of any part, as in a Gangrene.  Encranium, 
the same that Cerebellum.  Endeixis 
is an indication of Diseases, whereby is shown what is to be done: as for Example, a Plethora, too much fullness of blood, indicateth the opening of a Vein.  Endemius, or Morbus Vernaculus, and Communis, 
is a Disease which always infects a great many in the same Country, proceeding from some cause peculiar to the Country where it reigns. Such is Scurvy to the Hollanders.  Endemus, 
the same with Endemius.  Enema, 
the same with Clyster.  Energia 
is an agitation or operation of the Animal Sp●rits and Blood.  Engizoma 
is a blow upon the Skull, wherewith the bone descends to the inner Membrane of the Brain, and presses upon it. Also an Instrument which we use in such like cases.  Engonios' 
is the bending of the Arm or Leg.  Ensisormis Cartilago 
is the lowest part of the Breast bone, pointed like a Sword.  Entera 
are long Membraceous Winding-pipes, annexed to the mesentery, that they be not confounded with one another; and they are six (unless you reckon the Gullet, the Stomach, and the Bladder amongst the Intestines, which I should not stand upon, since they have the same substance, and almost the same action) the Gut Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Caecum, Colon, and the Rectum; the Three uppermost are called small Guts, the lower great Guts, they are clothed with Four Tunics; the outermost is Membranous, which arises from the Paeritoneum: The Second is Fibrous or Fleshy, whose Exterior Fibres are long, the Interior round, placed upon one another at Right Angles: The Third is Nervous, and contains the meetings of both Lacteal and sanguinary Vessels, to which there inwardly adheres a Fourth Tunic, which is Glandulons, or rather of a pappie Substance, whereby the Chyle is imbibed and communicated to the Milky Veins. The Intestines, for the most part are about six times as long as the Man whose they are. Some take Lactes to signify the small Guts only; others take them for fat Guts, as particularly Persius.  Enterenchyta 
is a Clyster-pipe, which is also called Siphon, and Syringa.  Enterocele, or Hernia Intestinalis 
is the fall of the Intestines, especially of the Ileum, through the Processes of the Peritoneum Dilated, into the Groins or outer skin that covers the Cod.  Epacmastica 
is a Fever that continually grows stronger.  Epaphaeresis 
is an iterated Phlebotomy.  Epar, 
see Hepar.  Eparmata 
are Tumours of the Glandules called Parotes', behind the Ears.  Ephaebeum 
is the place from the Hypogastrium, or lower part of the Abdomen, to the Secret Parts.  Ephelscis 
is that Bloody substance which is brought up in spitting of Blood: also a shell or crust that is brought over Ulcers.  Ephelis 
is a dewy Spot, we call it a Freckle, which proceeds most commonly from Sun burn; they grow especially in Spring and Summer, and chief in those who have very thin Skins; but about Winter they disappear again: they are about as big as Fleabites, and often disfigure the whole face.  Ephemera, or Diaria, 
is a continued Fever which lasts but a day, arising from a Commotion and Accension of the fine parts of the Blood: if it last above a day, it is called Synochus Simplex.  Ephialtes, or Incubus, 
the Nightmare, is a depraved Imagination, whereby people asleep fancy that their Windpipe is oppressed by some superincumbent body, that their breath is stopped, and they are excited to Venery: this proceeds from a compression of the Cerebellum, when the Ventricles are too full of moisture: or, if those who are thus Affected lie upon their backs, than the whole bulk of the Brain lies upon the Cerebellum, whereupon all the Pores and Passages being stopped by so much weight, the Spirits are hindered from Influencing the Nerves, called par vagum, and the Intercostal Nerve, which being thus destitute of Spirits, the Lungs are oppressed, and flag, and cannot perform their Office.  Ephidrosis 
is Sweeting.  Ephippium, or Sella Equina, or Tursica, 
is part of the Bone Sphenoides, wherein the Pituitarie Glandulae is placed.  Epiala 
is a continued Fever, wherein the Patient feels both Heat and Cold at once.  Epialtes, 
the same with Ephialtes.  Epicarpium 
is a Medicine applied outwardly, like a Plaster or a Cataplasm, applied to the Pulse or Wrist of the hand to drive away intermitting Fevers.  Epicauma 
is a Crusty Ulcer that sometimes happens to the black of the Eye.  Epicerastica 
are Medicines which obtund and temperate sharp Humours.  Epicheiresis, 
the same with Encheiresis.  Epicolicae regiones, or Laterales, or Lumbares. 
Glisson calls that part Epicolica which lies upon the parts of the Gut Colon: whence it has its Name.  Epicrasis 
is a gradual Evacuation of ill Humours in the Bood.  Epicrisis 
is a judging of a Disease.  Epicrusis 
is a percussion of the soft parts, with light Ferula's, an usual Custom amongst the Japanese.  Epicyema 
is a Superfaetation, which rarely happens.  Epidemius 
is a common Disease, proceeding from a common Cause, spreading itself over divers Countries, at divers times; such are the Plague, Malignant Fevers, etc. the reason is, that the Nitre of the Air, with other particles that are in it, acquire the Virtue of an Arcenic, or a Sublimate, as we see in making Sublimates; for the Particles of which that consists, if they be given severally, are not so destructive; but taken together, they make a deadly Poison.  Epidermis, 
see Cuticula.  Epedeses 
is the Injection of a Ligament, to stop the Blood.  Epidesmus 
is a tying of Swaths underneath.  Epididymis, or Paristata, in Latin Supergeminalis, 
and it is a winding Vessel, making a Figure like the winding of crooked Vessels that are swollen with ill Blood, and is affixed to the back of the Testicles: it's greater Globe is annexed to the Testicles, consisting of one Vessel or Passage above five els long: the lesser Globe is connected to the Vessel that carries the Seed.  Epigastrium 
is the forepart of the lowermost Belly, whose upper part is called Hypochondrium; the middle part Umbilicalis; and the lowermost Hypogastrium.  Epigennema 
is that which happens to a Disease like a Symptom: also the order of parts in Generation, which is done successively.  Epiginesis, 
the same that Epiginema.  Epiglottis 
is the Fifth Cartilege of the Larynx, the cover of the opening of the Windpipe: it is also, called Sublinguium.  Epigonatis 
is the Whirl-bone of the Knee.  Epilepsia, or Morbus Caducus, 
because that the persons Affected fall down on a sudden: or Herculeus, because it is hard to be cured; also Lues Deifica, Sonticus, Comitialis, Sacer, etc. and it is an Interpolated Convulsion of the whole body, which hurts all Animal-Actions, proceeding from an Explosion of Animal Spirits in the Brain, whereby the persons Affected are suddenly cast upon the ground. This Explosion arises either from an irritation or pricking in the Spirits: or when something Heterogeneous is intermixed with the Animal Spirits.  Epilogismus 
is the Vote of Physicians.  Epinyctides 
are Pimples that send forth matter, and are painful, especially in the Night.  Epiparoxismus 
is when a Patient endures more Fits in a Fever than usual, which happens in inordinate Fevers.  Epiphaenomena 
are signs which appear afterwards in Diseases.  Epiphisis, Appendix, Adnascentia, Additamentum, 
signify one Bone that grows to another by simple and immediate Contiguity, though not with so even a Surface, but with some kind of ingress of one Bone into the cavity of the other, like that Coarticulation wherewith the Bones form the Joints, but without any Motion.  Epiplasma, 
the same with Cataplasma.  Epiplocele 
is a Rupture when the Cavile falls into the outward Skin of the Cod.  Epiplocomistae 
are fat bigbellied Men, who have fat huge Cawls; which Writers say, has sometimes hindered Conception in Women; and therefore they are named Cawl-bearers.  Epiplomphalum 
is a Navel Rupture, when it juts out by reason of a swollen Cawl that is fallen down.  Epiploon, Omentum, or Reticula, 
the Cawl, is a cover spread over the Intestines, arising from the bottom of the Ventricle, and the back of the Gut Colon; to wit, from the doubling of the Peritonaeum; it is shaped like a Net, or a Fowler's Bag; and abounds with several Sanguinary Vessels. It's use is to cherish the Stomach, and the Guts with its fat.  Episarcidium, 
the same with Anasarca.  Episemasia 
is the very time that a Disease first seizes a Person, and is properly called Significatio.  Epision 
is the place of the Secret Parts, or Aqualiculus.  Episphaerid 
are windings and turn in the outer substance of the Brain, that the Sanguiferous Vessels may pass more securely.  Epispastica, 
the same with Attrahentia.  Epistomia 
are the utmost gapings and meetings of Vessels.  Epistropheus, or Cardo, 
is the second Vertebre of the Neck; so called from turning, because the Head turns upon it.  Epithema 
is a Medicine applied outwardly to the more Noble parts of the body, especially to the Heart and Liver.  Epneumatosis, 
the same that Expiratio.  Epomis 
is the upper part of the Shoulder, called also Acronium.  Epomphalum 
is a Plaster, or any such thing applied to the Protuberances of the Navel.  Epsema 
is a Decoction of new Wine till half be boiled away.  Epulis 
is an Excrescence in the Gums which reaches the farthest Axel-teeths; so that it hinders the opening of the Mouth.  Epulotica 
the same with Cicatrizantia.  Erodentia 
are Medicines which gnaw and pray upon the Flesh, with their Acute Particles.  Erpes', 
see Herpes.  Errhinum, 
barbarously called Nasale, is a Medicine which being made like a Pyramid, is put up the Nostrils, and cleanses the Brain of Viscous Humours, especially without sneezing: and it is either Liquid, Soft, or Solid. The Liquid is made of the juices of Cephalic cleansing Herbs, Extracted by Wine or other Liquor, to which Spirit of Wine is sometimes added. Or of a Decoction offit Simples, to which are added sometimes Juices, Honey, Syrup, and Powders too. The soft is made of Powders, with Honey, Oil, or Juices, boiled to a kind of Ointment. The Solid, is given either in form of a Powder, and that has place especially in Medicines which provoke sneezing; or in form of a Pellet, and it is called Nasale, and is prepared of fit Powders mixed with Viscid Extractions from Seeds, Gums, Roots, etc. with Wax, or with Turpentine.  Erysipelas, Wildfire, 
is a swelling in the Skin, or any other Fleshy or Membraneous part, red, broad, not spreading high, nor beating, but attended with a pricking sort of a pain, arising from a sharp, and frequently a Sulphureous Blood. I take the cause of it not to be the Blood, but a serous sweeting, which is sharp and sulphureous, and flows from the Fibres themselves.  Erysipelatodes 
is a swelling like an Erysipelas, or a bastard Erysipelas.  Erythremata 
are red spots like Fleabites, common in Pestilential Fevers.  Erythroides 
is a red Membrane of the Testicles, the first of the proper Tunlcs.  Eschara 
is a crust or shell brought over an Ulcer, or ralsed with a Searing Iron.  Escharoticum 
is a Searing Iron, Fire, or the like, which burns the Skin and Flesh into a crusty Substance.  Essentia, 
Essence, in accurate speaking signifies the Balsamic part of any thing separated from the thicker matter, so that when ever this is done by means of Extraction, the Balsamic part is called Essence by way of Eminence; otherwise sometimes, thickened juices are called Essences. But 'tis better to call these by their own Name, to avoid Confusion. Some call Compounds of Oil and Sugar, Essences: but it is an abuse of the word.  Essentia Quinta, Quintessence, 
is a Medicine made of the entire Energetical and Active Particles of its Ingredients.  Essere, Sora, & Sare, 
they are little Pushes or Wheals, something red and hard, which quickly Infect the whole Body with a violent itching, as if one were stung with Bees, or Wasps, or Flies, or Nettles; yet they vanish after a little time, and leave the Skin as smooth and well-coloured as before. This Disease differs from an Epinyctis in this, that an Epinyctis Sweats out Matter; but an Essere does not.  Esthiomenos 
is a Winding Inflammation that consumes the parts: it proceeds from this, that the little Pappie Substance of the Skin, keeps a certain sharp Humour in it, which for want of Perspiration, corrupts and gnaws not only the Skin with its acrimony, but the parts which are under it.  Ethmoides 
is the Bone which resembles a Sieve, placed above the inner part of the Nose, and full of little holes to receive the Serous and Pituitous Humours from the soft Pappie Processes of the Brain.  Evacuatio, Evacuation, 
is either of the Blood, when it abounds too much, as in a Plethora, where opening a Vein is requisite. Or of ill Humours in the Blood, and the Primae Viae, as they call them, which is done by Purging or Vomiting.  Euchroa 
is a good colour and temper of the Skin.  Euchymia 
is an excellent temper of the Blood.  Eucrasia 
is an excellent temper of the parts of the Body.  Euectica, 
the same with Gymnastica, or that part of Physic which teaches how to acquire a good Habit of Body.  Euelces, 
one that is troubled with Ulcers, easy to be cured.  Euexia 
is a good sound Habit of Body.  Eugeos 
is the Womb; so called from its Analogy to fruitful Ground; the Hymen is also so called.  Euodes 
is a sweet smell of Excrements.  Euosma, 
the same with Euodes.  Eupathia 
is an easiness in suffering.  Euphoria, 
the same.  Eupncea 
is a right natural Respiration.  Eurythmus 
is an excellent natural Pulse.  Eusarcus, 
one that is well fleshed.  Eusema 
is a Crisis excellently well judged.  Eustomachus 
is a good Stomach; as also Meat convenient for it.  Euthanasia 
is a soft easy passage out of the World.  Euthyporos 
is a straight Gate.  Euthropia 
is a due Nourishment of the Body.  Exacerbatio, 
see Paroxysmus.  Exaltatio, or Sublimatio, 
is an Operation whereby a thing being changed in its natural qualifications, is elevated to an higher degree of Virtue and Substance; or it is a Subtilizing of things by gradually Dissolving them, and Exalting them into a purer and higher degree of their own qualities: and it is done either by Circulation, or Ablution.  Exanastomosis 
is an opening of the Extremity of Vessels.  Exanthema 
is a certain Efflorescenae upon the Skin of the Head, like those which appear in the skin of the whole Body; it is described two ways by Senertus; one is, that at least it changes the colour of the Skin, as in continued Malignant Fevers; wherein the skin is spotted as with Fleabites; the other is, when certain little swell break out in the Skin, which may be called Papillae.  Exarthrema, 
the same with Luxatio.  Exceptio 
is the Incorporation or Mixture of dry Powders with some moisture or other; thus Electuaries are made, Powders and Pulps are mixed with Honey, or Syrup: and the powder of Pills with Syrup, Honey, Wine or Juice.  Excrementa, Excrements 
are whatsoever is separated from the Aliments after Concoction, and is to be thrown out of the Body; as the moisture in the Mouth, Spittle, Snot, Milk, Bile, Sweat, the Wax of the Ears, the Excrements of the Belly and Bladder.  Exelcismus 
is a bringing of the Bones from the surface downward.  Exercitatio 
is a vehement and voluntary Motion of Humane Body, attended with an Alteration in Breathing, undertook either for preserving, or acquiring Health.  Excercitium 
is a Motion whereby the Body is agitated in order to Health; and it is Threefold. 

1. What proceeds only from things Extrinsic; as in Riding, Navigation, etc.  
2. What proceeds partly from other things, partly from those who are moved, as in Gladiators, and Wrestlers.  
3. What comes from those only who exercise, as in walking, and the Ball; and best of all in Hand-ball: the end of Exercise is Threefold likewise; either Heat, Sweat, or Breath, and this is sufficient.    Exomphalos 
is a Protuberance of the Navel, common to Infants.  Exophthalmia 
is a protuberance of the Eye, out of its natural Position.  Exostosis 
is a Protuberance of the Bones out of their Natural place.  Expiratio 
is an Alternate Contraction of the Chest, whereby the Air, together with Fuliginous Vapours is expelled by the Windpipe; the cause of Expiration does not seem to consist in the contraction of the Chest, but in the Relaxation of the Tunic of the upper part of the Gullet, and the Windpipe; for take that away, and you take away the Motion of the Chest, and Abdomen.  Explosio 
is an action of the Spirits, whereby the Nerves are suddenly Contracted; the reason is, That some Heterogeneous Particles are mixed with the Animal Spirits, or that they are driven into a confusion, like Gunpowder out of a Gun.  Expulsio, 
the same with vis Expultrix.  Expultrix vis, 
according to the Ancients, was that faculty which expelled the Excrements: but we need not have recourse to those blind Faculties, since we know that this is performed by the Animal Spirits, which cause the Peristaltic Motion of the Guts.  Exstasis 
is a depravation of the Judgement and Imagination, familiar to Mad and Melancholy Persons.  Extasis, 
the same that Exstasis.  Extirpatio 
is the cutting of a part, by reason of a Cancre, or Blasting; it is best to cut it off Two, Three, or more Fingers breadths from the Joint, unless the Mortification have reached the upper parts of the Arms, or Thigh; for here we are forced to choose the Joint itself: it is a surer way to make the Excision in a sound part, though it be more painful.  Extractio 
is a Separating of the subtle parts of a mixed Body, from the more gross: for Example, when the strength of any Medicine is Extracted by Spirit of Wine, that which is left after the Evaporation of the Menstruum is called the Extract.  Extractum 
is that pure, unmixed, and efficacious Substance, which by the help of some Liquor is separated from the duller and more unactive parts.  Exulceratio 
is a Solution of continued parts, proceeding from some gnawing Matter, and in soft parts of the Body, attended with a loss of their quantity; it differs from an Abscessus in this, that an Abscessus is occasioned by a Crisis. An Exulceration is either great, little, broad, short, narrow, straight, transverse, winding, equal, inequal, deep, etc.    


F.  Fancies Hyppocratica 
is when the Nostrils are sharp, the Eyes hollow, the Temples low, the Laps of the Ears contracted, and the Lobes Inversed, the Skin about the Forehead hard, and dry; the Complexion pale, livid, of a leaden Colour, or Black.  Facultas 
is an action in Man, which is performed, either by the Body alone, or by both Body and Mind: Faculties are either Natural, which depends upon the Cerebellum: or Animal, which depend upon the Brain. The Ancients made three Faculties, Natural, Vital, and Animal: but the Vital belongs to the Natural.  Faeces, 
see Excrementa.  Falx 
is a doubling of the Dura Mater, like a Sickle, annexed below to the Third cavity whereby the Brain is divided into the right and left Hemisphere.  Fames, Hunger, 
is either Natural, which is a desire of Food, when an Animal from a Vellification of a Nerve of the par vagum, and the Intercostal in the Stomach, which proceeds from an Acid Humour, carried thither by the Caeliac Arteries, or Glandulous Tunic, is excited to seek for Food as a Remedy to allay that Vellication; or it is preternatural, which is either depraved, as longing in Women with Child; or it is a Canine Appetite, want of Appetite, etc.  Fames Canina, 
see Cynedes Orexis.  Farciminalis Tunica, 
the same that Allantoides.  Fascia, 
a Swath, is a long Band, moderately broad, which Surgeons use: Swaths are wound up; long, and all of a breadth; others are cut, which are indeed of one piece of Linen, but that cut either at the ends, or middle: others sewed together, which consists of Swaths and Thongs of several ends, and like several Swaths. Others are longer, some shorter; and others broader, some narrower.  Fasciatio 
is a binding of Swaths about a Limb that is to be Cured.  Fasciculus, 
see Manipulus.  Fastidium Cibi, 
the same that Anorexia.  Fauces and Frumen, 
the same that Pharynx.  Favus, 
see in Anchor.  Febris a Fever, 
is an inordinate Motion, and too greatan Effervescence of the Blood, attended with Cold first, and afterwards with Heat, Thirst, and other Symptoms, wherewith the Animal Oeconomie is variously disturbed. Fevers in general are divided into Intermittent, Continued, Continent, and Symptomatical. Scotus in his Magic assures us, That the Blood in a Fever has Worms in it.  Feculae 
are Dust that subsides in the squeezing of certain Vegetables, as in bryony, Ramp, etc.  Fell, 
see Bullis.  Femur, and Femen, 
the Thigh, the part from the Buttocks to the Knee; it is so called from bearing, because it holds up, and sustains an Animal; it consists but of one Bone, but that the greatest and longest in the whole Body, whose External and fore part is gibbous or rising; but the Internal hinder part flat and bending. Grammarians make Femen to be the hinder fleshy part; and Femur the former outward part.  Fermentatio 
is an Intestine Motion of Particles, or of the Principles of any Body, tending to Perfection, or a Change: and it is either Natural, which comes of its own accord, as in Natural Actions; or Artificial, which we make, as we see in Beer, Wine, Bread, etc.  Ferulae 
are little light chips or planes, which are made of different Matter, according to the nature and necessities of the places to which they are applied, as of Barks of Trees, of the Bark of the Herb Sagapene, in Latin Ferula; whence they have their Name: they are made of Fir, Paper glued together, Leather, etc. which are applied to Bones that have been loosened, or disjointed, after they are set again.  Fibra Auris, 
the same with Lobus Auris.  Fibrae, Fibres, 
are little, round, oblong Vessels; and are either Musculous or Nervous: the Nervous are such as have no Valves, and by which the Spirits flow conveniently from the Nerves to the several parts: the Musculous Fibres receive the Blood from the Arteries, and discharge themselves into the Veins, and have a great many Valves, they are called long, round, or obliqne from their Situation; some small threads interwoven with Trees and Leaves are called Fibres too: and so are the small threads which stick to their Roots.  Fibula, 
the Ancients mention them; for if there be a Wound in the Flesh, says Celsus, that gapes, and cannot easily be closed, it is improper to sew it, you must apply a Fibula; but because this way of closing the gaping of Wounds, by Fibula's was so usual amongst the Ancients; they have not been at all solicitous in describing either their Matter or Form. Guido tells us, That they made these Fibula's of Iron Circles as it were, or Semicircles crooked backward on both sides, the hooks whereof being fastened on both sides to the gaping Wound, answered exactly one another; but since this must be an unsupportable pain to the poor Patient, it is hardly credible, that they meant any such thing by their Fibula's. The Opinion of Fallopius is more probable, who tells us, That is was only a sowing up the Wound with a Needle and Thread, which is commonly used at this day. Sanctorius writes thus, We need not Discourse much of Fibula's, since the use of them is almost out of doors; and though the Ancients have not described them, yet they forbear not to acquaint us how to use them; as Argenterius falsely imagines. For not only Physicians but some of the Ancients knew the form of them, since Cern. Celsus has informed us. That Fibula's as well as Sutures were made of a Needlefull of soft untwisted silk or thread, wherewith they sowed the gaping Lips of the Wound together. Some call Acia, or this needlefull of Thread, Vinculum, Ligatura, Colligatio, Obligatio, Ligamentum; all which signify tying or binding. Whoever would be farther informed in this particular, may consult the Incomparable Rhodius in his Discourse about Acia.  Fibula 
is the lesser Bone of the Shank, it seems to join the Muscles of the Leg like a Button, or Clasp, in Latin Fibula; it is the hinder bone betwixt the Knee and the Foot, smaller than the other Bone, called Tibia, and fastened outwardly to it; as the Bone called Radius in the Arm is to the Cubit: its round head does not extend as far as the Knee upward, but downward, it goes farther than the other Bone called Tibia, and therefore is altogether as long a Bone as the Tibia. They part in the middle, because the Muscles of the Feet are placed there; in which interval, a slender broad Ligament joins them together lengthways. It is joined likewise to the Tibia with a common Ligament above and below; as it tends acutely downwards it has an Appendix belonging to it, which growing thicker and thicker, makes a Process, called Malleolus Externas.  Ficus 
are Excrescencies about the Fundament and other parts, like Figs; if they grow big, than they are called Ficus, or Sycoses.  Filtratio 
is the Percolating any Liquor through a woollen Cloth, or course Paper.  Filtram 
is a woollen Cloth, or blotting Paper, through which Liquors are strained to Clarify: as through a Mancha Hippocratis, a Winesack which draws Wine from the dregs.  Fissura ossis 
is a fracture of a Bone lengthways.  Fistula 
is a straight long Cavity, or a winding, narrow and callous Ulcer, of difficult Cure; proceeding for the most from an Aposteme. Fistula's differ from winding Ulcers in this, that Fistula's are callous and hard, but Ulcers are not.  Fistula Lachrymalis 
is when the Punctum Lachrymale, the little hole in the bone of the Nose, through which the Liquid Matter passes to the Nostrils, is grown hard and callous, from an Ulcer of a Caruncula, Glandules placed at the greater corners of the Eye, by which means there happens a continual Defluxion of Tears.  Fistula Pulmonis, 
the same that Aspera Arteria.  Fistula Sacra, 
is that part of the Backbone which is Perforated.  Fistula Urinaria, 
the same with Urethra.  Flatus 
are Effervescencies excited in the Body from wind let in, or from Flatulent Meats, or from the Bile and Pancreatic juice mixed together, whence wind and noise.  Flores Chymici 
are the Subtler parts of the Body separated from the grosser by Sublimation, in a dry Form.  Fluor Albus, or Fluor Uterinus, 
is a continual Evacuation of corrupt Humours from the Womb, or the Pores in the Vagina.  Fluor Muliebris, 
see Fluor Albus.  Fluor Uterinus, 
the same.  Fluxio, 
the same with Catarrhus.  Fluxus Chylosus, 
the same with Caeliaca passio.  Fluxus Hepaticus 
is a kind of Dysentery, wherein black shining blood, and too long roasted as it were, is driven out of the Guts by the Fundament: it is sometimes taken for a Dysentery wherein serous sharp Blood is evacuated.  Focile Majus 
is the greater Bone of the Cubit called Ulna; or the greater bone of the Leg called Tibia.  Focile Minus 
is the lesser Bone of the Cubit called Radius; or the lesser bone of the Leg, called Fibula.  Focus 
is some place in the Misenterie and other parts, whence they formerly deduced the Original of Fevers.  Fodina 
is the less Labyrinth in the bone of the Ears.  Faecula 
signifies a Powder which subsides to the bottom in certain strainings of Vegetables; for it is prepared of some green, washed, and pared Roots beat together, with a little water, then strained, that there may subside a white sort of Powder which is to be dried lightly.  Faetor oris, 
a stinking Breath, procceds from the filth about the Teeth, and Gums: sometimes from the Lungs, and a Consumptive or Scorbutic Blood.  Folliculus Fellis 
is a little Bladder fastened to the Concave-part of the Liver, which receives the Bile, which in proper time empties itself into the Gut Duodenum, by a Ductus, or Passage called Cheledochus.  Fomentum, 
that which applied to the Body cherishes and warms it; and it is Twofold, either wet, or dry; the latter is a Decoction applied to several parts of the body for to cherish it, by the help of a linen, or  Cloth, a Sponge, Bladder, etc.  Fontanellae, Issues, 
are little Ulcers which Chirurgeons make in sound parts of the Body, to Evacuate bad Humours, Cure Diseases, or prevent them. Issues are made either with an Actual or a Potential Seering-Iron, with a Lance, and a pair of Scissors: You must always observe to make Issues betwixt two Muscles.  Fonticuli, 
the same.  Forceps 
is an Instrument wherewith dead and corrupt parts, (also things besides, or against Nature) are seized, cut off, or pulled out; they are of several shapes, as long, crooked, with Teeth, with Beeks, in fashion of an half Moon, such as will open the Mouth, or the Womb; and by which you may see into either of them; which according to the difference of their shape, are of different use.  Forfex 
is an Instrument to pull out Teeth with.  Formula 
is a Physician's Prescription, which the Apothecaries prepare accordingly.  Fornix 
is the Callous Substance of the Brain; so called, because it seems to sustain the Cavities of the Ventricles, and the bulk of the impending Brain, like an Arch or Vault.  Fotus, 
the same with Fomentum.  Fovea Cordis, 
the same with Anticardium.  Fractura Ossis, 
the breaking of a Bone, is a Solution of the Continuum in the hard parts of the Body, which is done by a hard External Instrument, forcibly impelled upon the part; the differences whereof are taken from the Form, the Part, and the Accidents of it.  Fraenulum 
is a Membraneous Ligament under the Tongue; in newborn Children, it sometimes spreads over the whole under side of the Tongue, that the Midwife sometimes is forced to pull it asunder with her Nails (which yet ought not to be allowed of) or the Chirurgeon with his Penknife.  Froenulum, or Froenum penis, 
is a Membrane which ties the foreskin to the Nut of the Yard.  Frons, 
the forehead is the upper part of the Face.  Frontale 
is an External Medicine, frequently applied to the Forehead, for a pain or heat in the Head: it is made for the most part of Herbs, Flowers, Seeds, Meal, moistened with Vinegar of Roses.  Fumigatio Chymica 
is an erosion of Metal by smoke, or Vapour.  Functio, 
the same that Aclio.  Funda Galeni 
is a Swath divided into Four parts; useful in Accidents that happen to the Jawbone.  Fungus 
is soft spongy Flesh which grows upon Wounds.  Funiculus, Intestinum, Laqueus, or Ductus Umbilicalis, the Navel-string, 
is a Membraneous Channel or Conduct in a Faetus which reaches from the Navel to the Placenta in the Womb; it contains Two Arteries, one Vein, and the urinary passage in the Faetus.  Furcale os, 
the same with Furcula.  Furcula Superior 
is the upper bone of the Sternum, or Breastbone, others call it Jugulum.  Furcella, 
the same that Furcula.  Furfuratio 
is when Dandruff falls from the Head in Combing; it comes for the most part from that skin which is under the Hair; also from the Beard, and Eyebrows.  Furnuss, 
a Furnace, is a place where a Fire is conveniently kept for Chemical uses: and it is either open or covered.  Furor 
the same with Manea.  Furor Uterinus 
is an unseemly Distemper, which is wont to seize upon Maids; especially those of riper Years, and sometimes Widows too. They who are troubled with it, throw off the Veil of common Modesty, and Decency, and Delight only in lascivious, obscene Discourses: they covet a man greedily, and even furiously, and omit no inviting Temptations that may induce them to satisfy their desires. The cause seems to be in the Seminal juice, which being Exalted to the highest degree of Maturity, drives the Maids into a kind of Fury; which is conspicuous every year in some Bruits; as in Cats, Bulls, Bucks, Does, Harts. There is another Distemper akin to this, which the Ancients called, the Fervour of the Womb, or the Matrix, when the whole substance and body of the Womb is extreme hot, accompanied with a pain and heaviness of the Loins; a roughness by the growth of Hair, Loathing, and a suppression of the Urine, and Excrements: and the Woman all the while covets to be laid with, but by reason of pain is still afraid of it.  Furunculus 
a Boyl, is an acute swelling, as big as a Pigeons Egg, attended with an Inflammation, and Pain, especially when it gins to Corrupt, and Putrify: when it is opened, and the Matter let out, part of the Flesh underneath is turned into Corruption, of a whitish, and reddish Colour, which some call the Ventricle of the Furunculus: there is no danger in it, though you apply no Remedy to it; for it ripens of itself, and bursts; but the pain makes it more Eligible to apply a Remedy, because that frees the Patient sooner from his trouble.  Fusio 
is a melting with heat.    


G.  GAllactophori, 
are Ductus' which carry Milk, convey the Chyle (as some Modern Authors have fancied) a straight way from the Guts to the Glandules of the Breasts: yet the Arteries were more properly so called, because they carry the Chyle along with the Blood to the Breasts, wherein Milk is reserved for the use of the Faetus.  Galactopoietice Facultas 
is nothing but an Aptitude to sequester Milk in the Breasts: of the seParating of Milk. See in the Word Lac.  Galenica Medicina, 
is that Physic which is built upon the Principles of Galen, and therefore they are Galenists who embrace the Foundation of their Art, which are fetched from Galen and the Philosophers, proved by Reason, and confirmed by Experience.  Galea 
is a pain in the Head, so called from the likeness of the place, because it takes in the whole Head, like an Helmet; in Latin Galea.  Galea 
is likewise when the Head of the Faetus is clothed with part of the Membrane called Amneos, as it comes into the World.  Galreda, or Gelatina, Jelly, 
is a Thickened, Viscous, and Lucid Juicy Substance; it is commonly made of the Cartilaginous parts of Animals boiled, as of Calf's Feet, etc.  Ganglion 
is an Humour in the Tendinous and Nervous parts, procecding from a Fall, Stroke, or otherwise; it resists if stirred, if pressed upon its side is not diverted, nor can be turned round.  Gangraena, 
a Gangrene, is a Cadaverous Corruption of a part, attended with a beginning of Stink, Blackness, and Mortification.  Gargareon, 
See Cion.  Gargarisma, 
a Gargarism, is a Liquid Medicine which cleanses the Mouth, and the Adjacent parts by Gargling, without swallowing; and it is either a Decoction, wherein convenient Syrups are dissolved, or distilled Waters mixed with Syrups, and sometimes with Mineral Spirits.  Gastrocnemium 
is the Calf of the Leg, whence its Muscles are called Gastrocnemii, from their swelling like a belly.  Gastrocnemii Musculi, 
see Gastrocnemium.  Gastroepiploica 
is the Vein and Artery which goes to to the Ventricle and the Cawl.  Gastrorhaphia 
is a Connexion or a Suture in the wounds of the Abdomen.  Gaudium 
is a cheerfulness proceeding from the apprehension of some good obtained, or to be obtained.  Gelatina 
is almost the same with Galreda, but that is of a more general signification, and is taken for any Pellucide Glutinous Juice, which used first to be made of the juice of Fruits, as of Apples, etc. as the Jelly of Quinces, etc.  Gena Mala 
is part of the Face from the Nose to the Ears. Also the Chin, the Jawbone, which is either upper or lower.  Generatio 
is a natural Action, whereby an Animal begets another like it of the same Species, of convenient Seed, in Generation; the first thing we see is a red Speck, which is clothed with a little bladder, next a little Heart, whence Veins and Arteries flow, at the Extremity whereof you see the Viscera, the Bowels, etc. afterward the whole Faetus is form and clothed with Membranes; before Generation the Seed of the Male being cast into the Womb, enters and prepares its Pores, afterwards sweats out a Viscous Substance, like the white of an Egg, which moves the Egg out of the Testicles and Tubes; for the Woman's Eggs are impregnated by the influence of the Seed, are emitted out of the Testicles, and received by the Fallopian Tubes.  Genioglossum 
is a pair of Muscles proceeding inwardly from the Chin under another pair called Geniohyoyides, and are fastened in the Basis of the bone Hyoides.  Geniohyoides 
are Muscles reaching from the internal and lower Seat of the Chin to the Basis of the Bone Hyoides, which is placed at the Basis of the Tongue.  Gercomia 
is a part of that part of Physic called Hygieina, or Preservation of health, which teaches the way of living for old Men.  Gingipedium, 
the same with Scorbutus.  Gingiva, 
the Gums, is a hard spurious sort of Flesh, which surrounds the Teeth like a Rampart, and in people that want Teeth helps to the chewing their meat, which being either eat out, relaxed, or too dry, the Teeth shake or fall out.  Ginglymus 
is a Conjunction of Bones, when the Head of one is received into the cavity of another, and again the head of this into the Cavity of that.  Glacialis Humour, 
see Humoris Oculi.  Glandula, 
a Glandule, is a Substance of a peculiar nature, fleshy, white, or grey, and Friable; and it is twofold, adventitious, as those Kernels which are sometimes under the Armholes, and in the Neck, the King's Evil; a swelling in the Larynx and middle of the Windpipe, etc. or perpetual and natural, as the Thymus, Pancreas, Glandula, Pinealis, etc. the perpetual is again Twofold, either Conglobated in one entire piece, which sends the separated Humour into the Veins, as the pituitarie Glandule, the Pinealis, the Glandules of the mesentery, of the Groins, etc. or Conglomerated in a cluster, which convey the juice by their own Channels into some notable Cavities of the body, as the Pancreas, the Glandules of the Breast, the Salival Glandules, etc.  Glandula Guidonis 
is a Tumour like a Glandulae, soft, single, Movable, without Roots, and separate from the adjacent parts.  Glandula Pinealis, 
see Conarium.  Glandula Pituitaria 
is a little body in the Sella Equina, a place in the Brain so called, covered over with the Rete mirabile in many Brutes, but not in Man; it receives the serous Humour from the Infindibulum and the Rete Mirabule▪ which it sends into the Jugular Veins, and the Lymphatic Vessels.  Glandulosum Corpus, 
the same with Prostata.  Glans, 
the same with Balanus and Suppositorium.  Glaucoma 
is a fault in the Eye, or a Transmutation of the Chrystaline Humour into a grey or skye-colour.  Glaucosis 
the same with Glaucoma.  Glene 
the same with Pupilla: also the cavity of a Bone which receives another within it.  Glenoides 
are two Cavities in the lower part of the first Vertebre of the Neck.  Globulus Nasi 
is the lower Cartilaginous movable part of the Nose.  Glossocomium 
is a Chirurgeons Instrument for broken Limbs, so called from the shape of a Merchants little Casket which was formerly carried upon the back.  Glottis 
is the Chink of the Larynx which is covered by the Epiglottis.  Gluten 
says Avicen is a Secundary Humour, and is so called, when that dewy Humour is Agglutinated to the parts: there were reckoned four of them, Humour Innominatus, that had no name: Ros Glutea, and Cambium; but those Names are now out-dated.  Glutei 
are six Muscles which move the Buttocks, on each side three.  Glutia 
are two Prominences of the Brain, called Nates.  Glutos' 
is the greater Rotator (an Apophysis in the upper part of the Thighbone so called) of the Buttock, and the Thighbone named Trochanter, Gomphoma, the same that Gomphosis.  Gomphos 
is when the Pupil of the Eye going beyond a little skin of the Tunica uvea is like that swelling of hard Flesh in the corner of the Eye, called Clavus.  Gomphosis, or Conclavatio, 
is when one Bone is fastened into another like a Nail, as may be seen in the Teeth.  Gonorrhaea 
is a too great Effusion of Seed: and it is either Simple, when Crude thin Seed, which is not white neither, is Emitted, and that rather from the Prostates than the Seminary Vessels: or Virulent, when a Poisonous liquid Substance, of a white or yellowish Colour, is Ejected.  Gramma, 
the same with Scrupulus.  Graudo, 
see Chalasia.  Granum, 
a Grain, is the least weight we use: they take instead of it sometimes white Pepper Corns, twenty make a Scruple.  Graphoides 
is a Process like the Pen for a Table-book, about the Basis of the Brain it inclines backward.  Gravedo, 
the same with Coryza.  Gula, 
see Pharynx.  Gumma Gallicum 
is the eating out a Bone in the French Pox.  Gurgulio, 
the same that Cion.  Gustus, the Taste, 
is a Sense whereby the Soul perceives the Taste of things from the Motion of the Nerve inserted into the Tongue and Palate for that purpose.  Gutta rosacea 
is a redness with Pimples wherewith the Cheeks, Nose, and whole Face is deformed, as if it were sprinkled with red drops: these Pimples or Wheals often increase, so that they render the Face rough and horrid, and the Nose monstrously big.  Gutturis os, 
the same that Hyoides os.  Gymnastica, 
the same that Evectica.  Gynaecia 
in general are the Accidents incident to Women; but Hypocrates. takes them more strictly for the Courses.  Gynaecomastum 
is a growing of the Breasts.  Gynaecomystax 
is a Tuft of Hair at the upper part of a Woman's Secrets; from this some take their estimate of the temperament of the Womb and the Testicles.    


H.  HAbitus, 
the same with Hexis.  Haematosis, or Sanguification, 
depends principally upon the Fermentation, Dissolution, and Union of Particles; to wit, Spirit, Sulphur, and Salt; especially, upon the inspiration of Nitrous Air, which accends the Sulphureous Blood in the Lungs. Sanguification is performed in all the parts of the Body, and not in any peculiar part, as the Heart, Liver, or Spleen.  Haemodia 
is a great pain in the Teeth, which proceeds from Acid and austere Particles, which penetrate the Pores of the Teeth; whence the Nerves being Vellicated and Contracted, cause pain.  Haemophobus 
is one who fears to be let Bood.  Haemoptysis 
is the Spitting up of Blood from the Lungs, which proceeds either from a sweeting out at the Glandules of the Larynx. with which its Tunic is clothed within; to wit, when the openings of the Arteries are too much Relaxed: or from some great Vessels that are broke, or out of the little bladders of the Lungs themselves.  Haemorrhagia 
is a Flux of Blood at the Nostrils, Mouth, or Eyes.  Haemorrhoides 
are swelling Inflammations in the Rectum, or about the Fundament, red and painful, which sometimes send forth Blood or Matter.  Haemorrhoidis vena, 
is a Branch of the Vena Portae, the great Vein of all, extending to the Rectum and the Fundament.  Halo 
is a red spot of flesh which surrounds each Nipple in the Breasts.  Hama, 
when a Dose is took off at once.  Harmonia 
is a joining of Bones by a plain Line; as may be seen in the Bones of the Nose and Palate.  Haustus, or Potio 
is a Liquid Medicine taken inwardly, made into one Dose, of several Ingredients, mixed with a suitable Liquor, by Decoction, Infusion, or Dissolution, to Purge, altar, or Sweat.  Hectica 
is a continued Fever arising from the very habit of the body, and introduced in a long time, and has so rooted itself into the very Constitution that it is infinitely difficult ever to Cure it: for the most part it is accompanied with an Ulcer of the Lungs, Leanness, and a Cough.  Hedisma 
is any thing that gives Medicines a good scent.  Hegemonicae 
are the principal Actions in Human Body, as the Actions Animal and Vital.  Helcydria 
are certain little Ulcers, thick and red, in the skin of the Head, like the Nipples of Breasts, which send forth Matter.  Helctica, 
see Attrahentia.  Heliosis 
is a Sunning.  Helix 
is the Exterior brim of the Ear, so called from its Winding. The Interior is called Scapha.  Helminthes, 
see Elminthes.  Helodes, 
see Elodes.  Helos, or Clavus, 
is a round, white, callous swelling of the Foot, like the head of a Nail, and fixed in the Roots of the hard Skin of the Foot.  Haelesis 
is a reflexed inversion of the Eyelid.  Hemeralopia, or Acies Necturna, 
is when one sees better in the Night than in the Day.  Hemicrania 
is an Headache in either part of the Brain.  Hemina Italica 
is a Measure containing half an Attic sextary, and nine Ounces: So much is a Cotyla Attica, and a Cotyla Italica is Twelve Ounces.  Hemipagia, 
the same that Hemicrania.  Hemiplegia 
is a Palsy on one side below the Head, proceeding from an Obstruction in one part or other of the Spinal Marrow; or from a blow; whence it comes to pass, that the Animal Spirits are Obstructed in their passage.  Hemiplexia, 
the same that Hemiplegia.  Hepar, the Liver, 
is a Parenchymous Substance placed under the right side of the Diaphragme, considerably thick and big in a Man; it is clothed with a thin Membrane, which proceeds from the Peritonaeum; and is fastened to other parts with three strong Ligaments. 1. To the Abdomen, by the Navel-vein. 2. Upwards, to the Diaphragme, by a broad thin Membranous Ligament, on the right side. 3. To the Diaphragme likewise, by a round and exceeding strong Ligament, the Bladder of the Gall, and the Ductus Hepaticus are in the low flat part; it is of a reddish Colour: its substance seems to be compounded of several Membranes and clusters, or Glandules joined together like Concreted Blood, which I observed from frequently washing it. The Blood of the Spleen which is carried thither by the Vena Portae does in some measure Ferment in the Liver, with the Arterious Blood, which the Caeliac Artery affords, (to wit, when after Nutrition it is discharged into the Veins again) and dissolves the Contexture of the Blood; whereupon its Saline Sulphureous Particles, which constitute the Gall, are Segregrated by the Glandulous Clusters, and conveyed to the Gut Duodenum by the Bladder of the Bile, and the Ductus in the Liver called Hepaticus. There are no Lobes in a Man's Liver; but in Brutes it is divided into several. Portions, which they call Lobes, the Fibres of the Liver, etc. The Ancients believed, That the Chyle was elaborated and Sanguified in the Liver, whilst only its bilious Recrements are separated there.  Hepatica vena, 
the same with Basilica.  Hepaticus Merbus 
is a Dejection of a watery sharp Blood, like the washing of Flesh, when the Nervous Juice, or Watery Blood, being not rightly Concocted, but sharp, is discharged into the Guts. Also when black, shining, dried Blood is driven into the Gut: the Disease is so called, because they attributed Sanguification to the Liver.  Hepiala, 
the same with Epiala.  Herculeus Morbus, 
the same with Epilepsia.  Hermephroditus 
is one of both Sexes: but they only use the Woman's Instruments, they are seldom Men, this abuse in Nature happens, when the Clitoris hangs out too far.  Hermetica Medicina, 
which the Egyptians falsely fetched from Mercury, refers the Cause of Diseases to Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury; and prepares most noble Medicines, not only of Vegetables and Animals, but of Minerals too.  Hernia, or Ramex, 
is properly the falling of the Intestines, Cawl, etc. by the Processes of the Peritonaeum Dilated into the Groin: also, a Protuberance of the Navel. The falling down of the Womb is improperly so called; swelling in the Larynx; winding tumors of the Spermatic Vessels; Distentions from Flatulent Matter; Watery Humours, or Swell.  Herpes, a spreading, and winding Inflammation, 
is Twofold, either Miliaris, or Pustularis, like Millet Seed, which seizes the Skin only, and itches; or Exedens, Consuming, which not only seizes the Skin, but the Muscles underneath: The cause of it is, That the Glandules of the Skin are too much stuffed with salt Particles, which are kept there by others that are Viscous, whence proceed the little Ulcers like Millet Seed, that occasion an Itching in the Skin, which if the Peccant Matter abound; they grow into a Crust, and eat the parts they lie upon.  Heterocrania 
is a pain in one part or other of the Head.  Heterogeneum 
is when any thing disproportionate is mixed with the Blood and Spirits, as in Fevers, Swimming in the Head, Explosive Motions, and the Apoplexy.  Heterorythmus 
is a Life unsuitable to the Years of those who live it; as if a Young Man should live an Old Man's Life, and on the contrary: this Word is said of Pulses too, when in Diseases the Pulse beats diversely.  Hexis 
is a Habit, or Habitude of Body.  Hidroa 
are Pimples about the Secret parts, proceeding from a sharp Humour.  Hydrocritica, 
are Critical Judge of Distempers, taken from Sweeting.  Hidronosus 
is a Fever, wherein the Patient sweats Extremely. The English call it the. English Swear.  Hydros 
the same with Sudor.  Hidrotica, 
things that provoke Sweeting, are those which by Fermenting, and Attenuating parts penetrate the closest Pores of the Blood, cut into things, rarify them, and turn them into a kind of Vapour, whatsoever they meet carry along with them, and drive it to the Surface of the Body; where being condensed into an insensible Liquor, it makes its way out.  Hiera Picra 
is an Electuary of Aloes, Lignum Aloes, Spikenard, Saffron, Mastic, Honey, etc.  Hieroglyphicae Notae, 
are foldings and Wrinkles in the hand, from which vain curiosity pretends to predict strange things.  Hippus 
is an Affection of the Eyes, wherein they continually shake and tremble, and now and then twinkle, as it happens in Riding.  Hircu, Hirci, or Hirqui, 
the corners of the Eyes.  Hirquus, 
the same with Canthus.  Holippae 
are little Cakes or Wafers made of a Medicinal Infusion, with Wheat-flower and Sugar.  Haeme●meres, 
see Similares Parts.  Homogeneae Particulae, 
are such Particles as are Pure, Entire, Unmixed, and altogether like one another.  Homoplata, Scapula, Spatula, Scoptula aperta, 
the Shoulderblade, is a broad and Triangular Bone which constitutes the breadth of the Shoulder, thin, especially in the middle, but thick in its Processes, on each side one, lying upon the upper Ribs behind, like a Target; it has Three Processes, Acromium, or the Shoulder point; Carocoides, or Anchoralis; and Cervix; its use is to strengthen the Ribs, to joint the Shoulder and Neck Bones, and to implant Muscles therein.  Homotona 
is a continued Fever that acts always alike.  Hora an Hour, 
signifies the determinate space of a Year with Hypocrates.  Horaea 
are seasonable or Summer-Fruits, as Apples, etc.  Hordeatum 
is a Liquid Medicine taken inwardly, prepared of Barley beat and boiled sore, with the addition of suitable and strained Liquors; to which are frequently added Almonds, and the Seed of white Poppies, etc.  Hordeolum, 
the same with Crithe.  Horrifica Febris, 
see Phricodes.  Horror 
is a Vibration and Trembling of the Skin over the whole Body, with a Chillness after it.  Humectantia, 
moistening things, are such as can insinuate their moist Particles into the Pores of our Bodies.  Humidum Primogenium 
may be properly called the Blood, which is seen in Generation before any thing else.  Humores Oculares, 
the humours of the Eye, are Three: 

the Watery, which is contained between the Tunica Cornea, and Urea.  
2. The Chrystaline, or Icy Humour, which is contained in the Tunica Uvea, and is thicker than the rest.  
3. The Vitreous, or Glassy humour, bigger than any of the rest, fills the backward cavity of the Eye.    Humores, 
the Ancients made Four Humours in the Blood, the Bilious, Pituitous, (Yellow, and Black Choler) Melancholic, and the Blood, properly so called; and that according to the Four Peripatetic Elements: but this Opinion is Cashiered, since the invention of the Circulation of the Blood. Yet they are sound, when the blood preternaturally departs from its due Temperature; but they do not constitute an integral part of the blood; for the blood is only one humour; if otherwise, Tartar in Wine, and Dregs in Beer were constituent parts of Wine and Beer. In Blood that is let, there appear only Three different species of bodies; for in the Surface you see a kind of a Fibrous Crust of Coagulated Blood, which spreads itself over all the whole Mass; than you see certain Red Particles amongst the Fibres, which grow black about the bottom, by reason of their fewness; lastly, you see the Serum wherein it swims. But if any one will proceed more acurately, Distil the Blood, and Dissolve it Chemically, he shall find Five pure bodies in it: to wit, Spirit, Sulphur, or Oil, Water, Salt, and Earth. There are Three General Bumours which wash the whole Body, Blood, Lympha, (a sort of pure Water) and the Nervous Juice; but there are several particular Humours, as Chyle, Bile, Spittle, Pancreatic, Juice, Seed, etc.  Humores in Secundinis, 
Humours in the Three Membranes that clothe the Faetus in the Womb, are Three in those Animals which have Bladders: at the beginning, when the Eggs falls down from the Testicles into the Womb, the Humours which are to this purpose in the bottom of the Womb; first sink into the Membrane called Chorion, and then into the Amnium: but in progress of time, when the Faetus is Form, and the Navel Vessels are extended to the Chorion, and the Amnium, we imagine that the Nutritious Humour being received by the opening of the Veins, is carried to the Faetus, and thence by the Arteries some part of it is carried into the Amnium, as into the Child's Storehouse; so that at the said time, the Liquor of the Membrane Amnium may be increased upon this double account. At last, when the time of delivery draws near, that way of Sweeting through seems to cease, and the other only to take place: unless (as Wharton Writes) The Nutritious Humour descend from the Placenta by the Navel-string, and by the little soft Protuberances thence pass into the Cavity of the Amnium: The use of these Humours is to nourish the Faetus at the Mouth. The Third Humour is the Urine, which flows from the Bladder by the urinary Passage, into the urinary Membrane.  Hyaloides 
is the Vitrous Humour of the Eye, contained betwixt the Tunica Retina, and the Aven.  Hybona 
is an Incurvation of all the Vertebres.  Hydatides 
are little Watery Bladders in the Liver, Spleen, or some other Viseus, common to Hydropical Persons: also an increase of Fat about the Eyelids.  Hydatoides 
is the Watery humour of the Eye, contained betwixt the Tunica Cornea, and Uvea.  Hyderos 
the same that Hydrops.  Hydragia, 
see Venae Lymphaticae.  Hydragoga 
are Medicines which by Fermentation and Precipitation purge out the Watery Humours.  Hydrelaeum 
is a mixture of Water and Oil.  Hydrenterocele 
is a falling of the Intestines, together with Water, into the outward Skin of the Cod.  Hydroa 
are certain little, broad, moist, itching Pimples, like Millet-Seed; sometimes without itching, which render the Skin Ulcerous and rough: the occasion of them is, that Nature endeavouring to expel the sweat by the Skin, is hindered sometimes by its thickness; so that the Matter being lodged there, and the Subtler parts being either carried back, by the Lymphatic Vessels, or Evaporated, the Skin swells. This Distemper is familiar and common to Boys, and Young Men; especially of a hot Constitution, when they use too much Exercise in Summer; it infects the Neck, Shoulderblades, Breast, Arms, Thighs; yet more frequently the Secret Parts, and the Fundament.  Hydrocele 
is a swelling of the outermost Skin of the Cod, proceeding from a Watery Humour.  Hydrocephalum 
is a swelling of the Head, by reason of a Watery Humour, whence the Sutures of the Brain are forced asunder; it proceeds sometimes from a Bursting of the Lymphatic Vessels.  Hydromel, Mead, 
is a Decoction of Water, and Honey.  Hydromphalum 
is a Protuberance of the Navel, proceeding from Watery Humours in the Abdomen.  Hydrophobia 
is a Distemper highly Convulsive, accompanied with Fury, and shunning of all things that are Liquid, and Splendid; sometimes with a Delirium, a Fever, and other Symptoms, not without great danger of Life, proceeding from a By't of a Mad Dog, or a Contagion analogous to it.  Hydropica 
are Medicines that expel the Watery Humours in a Dropsy.  Hydrops 
is a Stagnation of a Watery Humour in the habit of the Body, or some other Cavity; and it is either general, as an Anasarca and Ascites, to which some add a Tympany, but ill: Or particular, confined to one part, as a Dropsy in the Head, Breast, Hand, Foot, etc. of which in their proper place severally.  Hydrops ad Matulam, 
the same that Diabetes.  Hydrosaccharum 
is a Syrup boiled of Water, and Sugar.  Hygieia 
is health, which consists in a good temperature, and right confirmation of Parts. Health is a disposition of the parts of humane body, fit for the performance of the Actions of the Body. Signs of Health are Three, due Actions, suitable Qualities, and when things taken in, and let out, are proportionable.  Hygieina 
is that part of Physic, which teaches the way of preserving Health: some divide it into Three parts, Prophylactic, which takes notice of future imminent Diseases; Synteretic, which preserves present health: and Analeptic, which recovers the Sick.  Hygrocyrsocele 
is a branch of a Winding Vein swollen with ill Blood, accompanied with other Moisture.  Hymen 
is properly a Membrane; it is taken also for the Private Membrane in a Virgin, which arises from the wrinkling of the lower part of the Vagina; and in Women with Child, when the Womb grows thicker, it disappears.  Hyoides 
is a bone placed at the Basis of the Tongue.  Hyothorides 
are Two Muscles of the Larynx, proceeding from the Bone Hyoides into the Cartilege called Scutiformis, like a Shield, and destined to contract, or shut up the opening of the Windpipe.  Hypercatharsis 
is a Purge that works too much.  Hypercrisis 
is a Critical Excresion above measure.  Hyperephidrosis 
is a too great Sweeting.  Hyperoon 
are two holes in the upper part of the Palate, which receives the Pituitous humours from the Mammillary Processes; and after they are sepatated, discharges them at the Mouth.  Hypersarcosis 
is an Excrescence of Flesh in any part.  Hypnotica 
are those things which by fixing the Spirits, by straitning and shutting up the Pores of the brain, cause Sleep.  Hypochondriacha Affectio, 
see Hypochondriacus Affectus.  Hypochondrium, or Subcartilagineum, 
is the upper part of the Abdomen, under the Cartilages of the Chest.  Hypocondriacus Affectus, 
is a purely Flatulent and Convulsive Passion, arising from Flatulent and Pungent humours in the Spleen, or Sweetbread which Afflict the Nervous and Membranous parts.  Hypochyma 
is a depraved sight, whereby Gnats, Cobwebs, little Clouds, or such like, seem to swim before the Eyes: the cause of it seems to consist in turbid humours, or sometime in the Optic Nerves, whose little Pores are obstructed by the Matter that is thrust into them.  Hypochysis, 
the same with Hypochyma.  Hypocratis Manica, 
see Manica Hypocratis.  Hypogastrium 
is the outermost part of the Abdomen, betwixt the Hypocondres and the Navel.  Hypoglossis or Ranula 
is an Inflammation, or Exulceration under the Tongue: also a Medicine that takes away the Asperity of the Larynx.  Hypophaulum 
is a vulgar Diet which observes a mean betwixt a plain and an exquisite Diet.  Hypophorae 
are deep and Fistulous Ulcers which gape like Ulcers, and cavities in the Flesh.  Hypophysis, 
the same with Hypochyma.  Hypophthalmia 
is a pain in the Eye under the Horney Tunic.  Hypopyon 
is a gathering of Matter under the Horney Tunic of the Eye.  Hyposarca, 
the same with Anasarca.  Hyposarcidium, 
the same.  Hyposphagma 
is a bloodshot, from a stroke upon the Eye.  Hypostasis Urinae 
is that thick Substance which generally subsides at the bottom of Urine.  Hypothenar 
is the space from the fore to the little Finger.  Hypothesis 
is the supposition of a thing.  Hypozoma 
is a Membrane that parts two Cavities, as the Mediastinum in the Thorax.  Hyposiloides, 
see Hyoides.  Hysteralgia 
is a pain in the Womb, proceeding from an Inflammation, or otherwise.  Hysterica Passio, 
Fits of the Mother, is a Convulsion of the Nerves of the Par Vagum, and Intercostal in the Abdomen, proceeding from a Pricking Irritation, or Explosion of Spirits: this Distemper does not always depend upon the Womb, as is commonly thought; we have seen it more than once in Men, because the Spleen, Pancreas, and other adjacent Bowels, are often the cause of it.  Hysterica 
are Medicines against the Diseases of the Womb.  Hysterotomotocia, or Sectio Caesarea, 
is a cutting the Child out of the Womb, which is done thus; You make a Semilunar Section under the Navel, along the White line, the cavity whereof looks towards the said Line; then according to the leading of the Fibres, the Faetus being extracted after the Section, the wound in the Womb contracts of itself, so that the Blood scarce flows more plentifully than in a Natural Birth; but if the Mother be dead, choose the most convenient place you can.  Hysterotomia 
is an Anatomical Dissection of the Womb.    

A Catalogue of the Authors which have been consulted and made use of in this DICTIONARY.  

AVenzoar.  
Acta Societ. regiae in Anglia.  
AEgineta.  
Agellius.  
Agricola.  
Ammonius.  
F. ab Aquapendente  
Arantius.  
Aretaeus.  
Aristoteles.  
Asellius.  
Atheneus.  
Averrhoes.  
Avicenna.  
de Back.  
Bapt. Porta.  
Barbette.  
Casp. Bartholinus.  
Th. Bartholinus.  
Bauhinus.  
Beguinus.  
Beverovicius.  
Blasius.  
Bontius.  
Boyleus.  
Budaeus.  
Calepinus.  
des Cartes.  
Cardanus.  
Cassianus.  
Castellus.  
a Castro.  
Celsus.  
Charleton.  
Cicero.  
Columbus.  
Columella.  
Conringius.  
Cordus.  
Decker.  
Deusingius.  
Diemerbroekius.  
Dodonaeus.  
Ent.  
Erotianus.  
Euripides.  
Eustachius.  
Everhardi.  
Fallopius.  
Fannius.  
Fernelius.  
Foesius.  
Fontanus.  
Forestus.  
Galenus.  
Gemma.  
Glissonius.  
Gorrhaeus.  
de Gradibus.  
Grammatici.  
de Graef.  
Guido.  
Harvaeus.  
Helmontius.  
ab Heers.  
Herodotus.  
Herophilus.  
Hesychius.  
Hesiodus.  
Otto Heurnius.  
Joh. Heurnius.  
Higmorus.  
Hildanus.  
Hypocrates.  
Hoboken.  
Hofmannus.  
ab Hogelande.  
Hollerius.  
Homerus.  
van Horn.  
Horstius.  
Isidorus.  
Junius.  
Johnsonus.  
Kircherus.  
Krollius.  
Kyperus.  
Langius.  
Laurentius.  
Liddelius.  
L. de Bills.  
van der Linden.  
Lowerus.  
Marchette.  
Malpighius.  
Martialis.  
Massarias'.  
Moebius.  
Mercurialis.  
Minsicht.  
Needham.  
Nicander.  
Oribasius.  
Ovid.  
Owenus.  
Pacuinus.  
Paracelsus.  
Paraeus.  
Passeratius.  
Pavius.  
Pecquer.  
Philotheus.  
Piso.  
Pindarus.  
Pinaeus.  
Platerus.  
Plautus.  
Plempius.  
Plinius.  
Plutarch.  
Pollux.  
Primerosius.  
Quercetanus.  
Regius.  
Renodaeus.  
Reusnerus.  
Rhodiginus.  
Rhodius.  
Riolanus.  
Riverius.  
Rolfinkius.  
Rondeletius.  
Roussettus.  
Reubekkius.  
Ruisch.  
Sala.  
Sanctorius.  
Salius Diversus.  
Saxonia.  
Scaliger.  
Schapula.  
Schenkius.  
Scheinerus.  
Schola Salernitana.  
Schroderus.  
Scultetus.  
Senguerdus.  
Sennertus.  
Severinus.  
Spigelius.  
I. Silvius.  
D. Le boe Silvius.  
Stenonius.  
Suida.  
Swaluwe.  
Swammerdam.  
Swelfer.  
Tertullianus.  
Tulpius.  
Valverda.  
Varro.  
Vesalius.  
Veslingius.  
Virgilius.  
Walleus.  
Wekkerus.  
Whartonus.  
Willisius.  
Wormius.  
Et alii plures.    


I.  JAnitor, 
the same that Pylorus.  Ichor 
is a sulphureous and watery Humour which flows from Ulcers.  Ichoroides 
is a moisture like Corruption.  Icterus, the Jaundice, 
is a changing the Skin into a yellow Colour from an obstruction of the ductus choledochus, or the Glandules of the Liver, through the weakness, obstruction, or Schirres of the Liver, or because the Gall abounds more than can be conveniently excerned, so that it stays in the Blood. It takes its Name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, a Ferret, whose Eyes are tinged with the like Colour. Or from a Bird called Icterus of the same Colour, which the Latins call Galbulus, which if one sick of the Jaundice sees, says Pliny, the Party is cured, and the Bird dies. The Latins call it Regius Morbus, the Kingly Disease, because it is easily cured in Courts with the Pastimes and Divertisements there which cheer the Mind. It is also called a Suffusion of Gall.  Idea morbi 
is the Propriety and Essence of a Disease.  Idiopathia 
is a primary Disease, which neither depends on, nor proceeds from any other.  Idiosyncrasia 
is a Temperament peculiar to any Body.  Jecur, 
the same with Hepar.  Jecur uterinum, 
see Placent alteri.  Jejunum intestinum 
is the Second of the small Guts, so called, because it is frequently empty: The little glandulous Nipples in it imbibe the Chyle, and convey it to the Milky Veins. Varro calls it Hilla.  Ignis actualis, actual Fire, 
is that which burns at first touch, as Fire itself, and searing Irons.  Ignis potentialis, potential Fire, 
is a Medicine which after it has laid sometimes upon the part, exerts itself.  Ignis persicus, 
the same that Gangraena: It is taken also for a Carbuncle.  Ignis sacer, 
the same that Erysipelas: yet some take it for an Herpes.  Ignis sylvestris, 
the same that Phlyctaena.  Ignitio 
is Calcination made by Fire.  I'll 
is the Cavity from the Thorax to the Bones of the Thighs: Pliny observes, that all the Intestines in all Animals, except a Man and a Sheep, are called I'll.  Ilia 
are the lateral parts of the Abdomen, betwixt the last Rib and the secret Parts.  Ilingus, 
see Scotomia.  Ilium 
is the Third of the small Guts: It gins where the Jejunum ends, and ends itself at the Gut called Caecum: It is one and twenty Hand-breadths in length.  Ilium, 
is a Disease, for the most part, of the Gut Ilium, and is called Volvulus, when the upper part of any Intestine is involved in the under, and on the contrary.  Ilium os 
is part of the Bone Innominatum, without any particular Name: It is so named because it contains the Gut Ilium. It's Circumference is circular, the upper broadest, it is connected to the os Sacrum: The upper part of it is called Spina, the interior Costa, and the exterior Dorsum: It is larger in Women than Men.  Iliaca passio, 
the same that Ilium Morbus.  Iliaca vasa 
are those double forked Vessels of the Truncs of the great Artery, and the great Vein of the Abdomen, about the place where the Bladder and the Womb are situate.  Imaginatio 
the same with Phantasia.  Imperfecta crisis, 
see Crisis.  Impetigo Celsi, 
the same that Lepra Graecorum. Celsus makes four sorts. The most harmiess, says he, is that which is like a Scab, for it is red and harder, and exulcerated and gnawed: But it differs from it, in that it is more exulcerated, and is accompanied with speckled Pimples: And there seem to be in it certain Bubbles, from which after a certain time there fall, as it were, little Scales, and it returns more certainly. Another sort is worse, almost like a sort of Meezles, or hot Pimples in the Skin, but more rugged, and redder, and of different Figures: In this Distemper little Scales too fall from the surface of the Skin, and it is called Rubrica. The third sort is yet worse, for it is thicker and harder, and swells more, and is cleft on the top of the Skin, and gnaws more violently: It is scaly too, but black, and spreads broad and slow: It is called Nigra. The fourth sort is altogether incurable, of a different colour from the red; for it is something white, and like a fresh Scar, and has pale Scales; some whit●●, some like the little Pulse called Lintell, which being taken away, sometimes the Blood follows: Otherwise the Humour that flows from it is white, the Skin hard and cleft, and spreads farther. All these sorts arise especially in the Feet and Hands, and infest the Nails likewise. Impetigo some reckon the same with Lichen.  Impetigo Plinii, Pliny's Impetigo 
is the same with Lichen Graecorum.  Inappetentia, 
is want of Stomach, for want of Ferment in it.  Inceratio 
is a mixture of Moisture with something that's dry, by a gentle soaking till the substance be brought to the consistence of soft Wax.  Incidentia, 
the same with Attenuantia.  Incineratio 
is the reducing the Bodies of Vegetables and Animals into Ashes by a violent Fire.  Incisores dentes, 
the same that Primores.  Incisorii, 
the same with Primores.  Incorporatio 
is a mixture whereby moist things are contemperated with dry into one Body, as into a Mass, therefore here is no lingering Nutrition, but as much moisture is added as is requisite to the consistence of the mixed Body, so that it becomes like a Pudding as it were; whence it may be called also Impastatio, and in some things Subactio, a Kneading. Things thus incorporated must be left in a digestive Heat, that by mutual Action and Suffering they may get one temperature common to them both.  Incrassantia, 
thickening things, are those which being endued with thick ropie parts, and mixed with thin liquid Juices, bring them to a thicker consistence by joining and knitting their parts.  Incubus, 
see Epialtes.  Incus 
is one of the Bones in the inner part of the Ear: It is like a Grinder, and lies under the Bone called Malleus. It has two Processes below; one shorter, which leans upon the scaly Bone; another longer, which sustains the top of the Stapes or triangular Bone, that bears upon the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear, whilst it immerges itself into the place called the Oval Window with a pretty broad Basis.  Indicans 
is nothing else than something observed in the Body, upon whose account something is said to be done that aught to contribute thereunto.  Indicantes dies 
are those days which signify that a Crisis will happen on such a day, which are therefore called indicant and contemplable: Such are 4, 11, 17, 24.  Indicatio 
is that which demonstrates what is to be done in Diseases, and it is threefold, praeservatorie, which preserves Health; Curative, which expels a Disease that has already seized upon a Person; and Vital, which respects the Strength and way of living.  Indicatum 
is that which is signified to be done in order to the recovery of Health.  Indices dies, 
see Critici dies.  Indurantia, 
see Sclerotica.  Indusium, 
see Amnios'.  Inedia 
is abstaining from Meat, when one eats less than formerly.  Infimus venture, 
see Abdomen.  Inflammatio, 
see Phlegmone.  Inflatio 
is the distension of a part from flatulent matter.  Infundibulum cerebri, 
the same that Choana.  Infundibulum renum 
is the Pelvis or Basin through which the Urine passes to the Ureters and the Bladder.  Infusio 
is an Extraction of the Virtue of Medicines with a convenient Liquor, which if it be purgative, it may be taken at once; and to this the Name properly agrees.  Inguen, 
is the place from the bending of the Thigh to the secret parts.  Injectio intestinalis, 
the same that Clyster.  Inium 
is the beginning of the oblongated Marrow, which is the common Sensory, because the Species which are received from the external Organs are conveyed thither by the Nerves.  Innominata tunica oculi, 
the Tunic of the Eye that wants a Name, is a certain subtle Expansion of the Tendons from the Muscles which move the Eye to the circumference of the Iris or horny Membrane.  Innominatum os, 
others call it os Coxae, or Ilium, is placed at the side of the os Sacrum, consisting of three Bones, Ilium, os Pubis, and Ischium, joined by Cartilages, and appear distinct by three Lines till seven years old, but grow all into one Bone at riper years. They are called also Cuneiformia, and Ossa Innominata, nameless Bones.  Innominatus humour, or Insitus, 
is a secondary Humour, as the Ancients call it, wherewith they thought the Body was nourished: For those nutritious Humours they talked of are four; Innominatus, Ros, Gluten, Cambium.  Insania, or Amentia, Madness, 
is an Abolition or Depravation of Imagination and Judgement.  Insessus 
is a Bath for the Belly, proper for the lower Parts, wherein the Patient sits down to the Navel. They are for several uses, as for easing of Pain, softening of Parts, dispelling flatulent matter; and frequently for exciting the Courses.  Inspiratio 
is an alternate Dilatation of the Chest, whereby the nitrous Air is communicated to the Blood to accend it by the Windpipe, and its Vesicular parts. The cause of Respiration does not seem to consist only in the Dilatation of the Thorax, as is commonly thought, but in the Contraction of the Tunic which covers the upper part of the oesophagus, and the most close Recesses of the Windpipe.  Intellectus, 
is Cogitation, whereby a Man apprehends an Object: It seems to be transacted in the Corpus Callosum, from the expansion of Spirits there.  Intemperies 
is a Disease which consists in inconvenient qualities of the Body, and these are either manifest or occult: The Manifest are either simple or compound; the Simple is when one Quality is peccant; as an hot, thin, hard, acid, salt Disposition, etc. the Compound is when more Qualities than one are peccant; as an hot and salt, a cold and acid Disposition, etc. An Occult ill Disposition or Distemper is such as proceeds from some poisonous Qualities, as from the Air, from poisonous Animals, etc. It comes from the Air, when the Nitre in it becomes contagious by reason of standing stinking Waters, daily Droughts, Earthquakes, etc. whence malignant pestilent Fevers, and Plagues themselves arise: For the Vapours being taken away, that which remains of the Air (by reason of the Sulphur and Salt in it) contracts an ill Savour, whereupon the Air and its Nitre degenerate from their due Temperature and Crasis. And I believe the same happens from very dry Grounds, for sulphureous and saline Particles intermix with the watery ones above, which render the Nitre of the Air sharp and pointed, like Arsenic, sublimated Mercury, or Aqua stygia, which being sucked into the Lungs do coagulate, and corrode the Mass of the Blood and make its Spirits vanish; whence proceed Quinzies, Pleurisies, Pestilential Swell, etc.  Intercalares dies, or intercidentes, 
which others call Provocatorii, are those Days wherein Nature, either by reason of the vehemency of the Fit, or some external cause, is excited to expel her Load unseasonably: Such are the 3d, 5, 9, 13, 19  Intercidentes dies, 
see Intercalares.  Intercus, 
see Anasarca.  Inter for amineum, 
the same that Perinaeum.  Intermissio febrium, 
see Apyrexia.  Internuncii dies, 
see Critici dies.  Intermittens morbus 
is a Disease which comes at certain times, and then remits a little. Intermittent Fevers, or Agues, proceed not from any fictitious Focus, but only from a wrong Assimilation of the Chyle.  Inter scapularia 
are the Cavities betwixt the Shoulderblade and the Vertebres.  Intertrigo, or Attritus, 
is an Excoriation of the parts near the Fundament, or betwixt the Thighs; or a Flaying of the Skin proceeding from a violent Motion, especially Riding: It happens frequently to Children, that the Cuticula in their Thighs and Hips is separated, and as it were shaved off from the true Skin, which pains them so that it makes them restless.  Intestina, 
see Entera.  Involucrum cordis, 
see Pericardium.  Jonthus, or varus, 
is a little, hard, callous swelling in the Skin of the Face.  Iris 
is that fibrous Circle next to the Pupil of the Eye, distinguished with variety of Colours.  Isatodes 
is a blew Bile, like the Herb Woad wherewith Cloth is died blue.  Ischaema 
are Medicines that stop the Blood, which with a binding, cooling, or drying Virtue close up the opening of the Vessels, or diminish and stop the Fluidity and violent Motion of the Blood.  Ischias 
is the Gout in the Hip.  Ischium 
is the Hip, or Hucklebone.  Ischophonus 
is a small Voice.  Ischuretica 
are Medicines which thicken the Blood in difficulty of Urine, so that the Urine stops.  Ischuria 
is such a Suppression of Urine in the Bladder that little or nothing of it can be discharged.  Isthmus 
is that part which lies betwixt the Mouth and the Gullet, like a Neck of Land: Also the Ridg that separates the Nostrils.  Ithmoidea ossa, 
see Ethmoides.  Itinerarium 
is a Chirurgeons Instrument, which being fixed in the Urinary Passage shows the Neck or Sphincter of the Bladder, that an Incision may be more surely made to find out the Stone.   
Jugale os, 
the same that Zygoma.  Jugularis vena 
is that Vein which goes towards the Scull by the Neck.  Jugulum, 
the same that Furcula.  Julap, 
see Julepus.  Julapium, 
the same.  Julep, 
see Julepus.  Julepus 
is a Liquid Medicine taken inwardly, of a grateful taste and clear, made of a convenient Liquor with Syrup or Sugar without any boiling, and of the quantity of three or four Doses, to alter or refrigerate. A Julep consists commonly of one pound and an half of Barleywater, or of distilled Waters, rarely of Wine, of the cooling Syrup of red Goose-berries, Berberies, Violets, etc. to which they commonly add some drops of Sulphur, Vitriol, Salt, etc. to give it a good taste. Juleb, whence the word Julepus comes, is a Persian word, and signifies a sweet Potion.    


L.  LAbia leporina 
are such Lips as by reason of their ill make will not come together, which some call rostra leporina.  Labyrinthus 
is a Body full of wind and turn, as may be seen in the inner part of the Ear, and in the outer surface of the Brain.  Lac, Milk, 
is made by separating of Chyle from the arterious Blood by the Glandules of the Breast. Milk gins to be made for the most part after the going with Young, or a little before the Birth; but it ceases in old Creatures, in those with Young, and in menstruous Persons.  Lacertus, 
see Brachium.  Lachrymale punctum 
is an hole made in the Bone of the Nose, by which the matter that makes Tears passes to the Nostrils; if the hole grow hard and brawny from an Ulcer in one of the Glandules at the Corners of the Eyes, thence arises a Fistula Lacrymalis.  Lachrymae 
are a moisture which is separated by the Glandules of the Eye to moisten the Eyes, which if it be too much so that it cannot be received by the Punctum Lachrimale, they fall from the Eyes and are called Tears.  Laconicum, Caldarium, and Assa, or Balneum aereum, 
was formerly a Cellar without any Water, made to provoke Sweat, which was done by an hot Vapour, or a dry Heat included therein.  Lactea vasa, 
see Vasa lactea.  Lactes 
some take for the Pancreas, or for the mesentery, others for the Milky Vessels.  Lactucimina, 
the same that Aphthaes.  Lactumia, 
the same that Achores.  Lacunae 
are little Pores or Passages in the Vagina of the Womb, but no where greater than in the lower part of the Urinary Passage: There flows a certain serous pituitous matter out of these Ductus' which lubricitates the Vagina, and is looked upon as Seed; it flows out in a great quantity in the Act of Coition.  Lagochilus 
one who has cloven Lips, see Labia leporina.  Lagophthalmus 
one who has Hares Eyes.  Lambdoides 
is the backward Suture of the Brain, so called from its likeness to the Letter Λ Lambda.  Lanceta 
is a Chirurgeons little Knife, straight, pointed, two-edged; used in opening of Veins, cutting of Fistula's, opening of the Fundament, Yard, or Womb that is shut.  Laqueus 
is a Band so tied, that if it be attracted, or pressed with weight it shuts up close: Its use is to extend broken or disjointed Bones, to keep them in their places when they are set, to bind the parts close together; the differences of these Laquei, or Bands, are several, having their Names either from the Inventors, or from their Use, or from their likeness to or shape of any thing, or from the manner of lying, or their Effect, which unless they were here delineated, can scarce be understood by a bare Description.  Laryngotomia, 
the same that Bronchotomia.  Larynx, Guttur, 
according to Galen Larynx is properly the head or top of the Windpipe, which consists of five Cartilages. The first pair is called Scutiforme, like a Shield, which constitutes the protuberance in the Neck called Adam's Apple: The second pair is called Annular, because it is round like a Ring: The third and fourth Cartilege some reckon but one, but if the Membrane be took off, it appears to be two, and is called Guttalis and Glottis. The fifth is called Epiglottis, which covers the opening of the Windpipe at the top. It's use is in the Voice and Respiration.  Lassitudo, 
see Copos.  Lavamentum, 
the same that Fotus.  Laudanum 
is meant only of a Medicine made of Opiate, and that they call an Opiate Laudanum, from its excellent Qualities. Authors give several descriptions of it. It allays the most unsupportable Pains, and stops any Flux.  Laxantia, 
loosening Medicines, are those which with their benign Particles softening and scouring the Intestines cleanse them of their Excrements.  Lenientia, 
the same with Laxantia.  Leno and Linon 
is that part of the Brain called Torcular Herophili, that place where the third Cavity of the Meninx is joined to the first, second, and fourth.  Lentigines, Freckles, 
are little Spots especially in Women, and chief in their Faces, but sometimes in their Hands, Arms, and the upper part of the Chest which is exposed to the Air; the Skin is sometimes spotted thicker sometimes thinner with them, like as with so many drops, but without any Trouble or Pain; in some they appear only in Summer, and disappear in Winter, in others they continue the Year round.  Lepidoides 
is the scaly Suture of the Scull, see Mendosa.  Lepra, a Leprosy, 
is a dry Scab, whereby the Skin becomes scaly like Fish: It differs from Leuce and Alphus, in that a Leprosy is rough to the touch, and causes an Itching; for the Skin is the only part affected, and therefore that being flayed off, the Flesh underneath appears sound and well.  Lepra Arabum, 
the same that Elephantiasis Graecorum.  Lepra Graecorum, or Impetigo Celsi, 
is the highest degree of Scabbedness; but it must be observed, lest any should be graveled in the reading of Authors, that we here speak of the Leprosy of the Greeks, not the Arabians. That which the Arabians call a Leprosy is the Elephantiasis of the Greeks, which is nothing else than an Universal Canker of the whole Body. A Leprosy is a Disease proceeding from black Bile diffused through the whole Body, whence the Temperature, the Form and Figure, and at last the very Continuity of the Body is corrupted, and it is a Canker common to the whole Body. The Arabians call the Leprosy of the Greeks Albaras nigra, which is the same with a kind of Ring-worm or Tetter which fleas the Flesh, and is a rough violent Scab in the Skin, accompanied with Scales like Fish and itching. There is a greater Corruption of Humours in a Leprosy than in a Scabbedness, and from the latter there only fall little flakes like Dendriff from the Head, but from the former as it were Scales of Fish; so that one passes from Itching to a Leprosy by the Scab. For Pruritus, or Itching, is a certain small Asperity of the Skin, wherein, unless you scratch very hard, nothing falls from the Skin: When it is grown to a scab the Humour is more apparent, and certain little Particles like Dendriff fall off, whether it be scratched or no. For in a Scab the matter is thinner, and at least preys upon the Surface of the Skin: But then in a Leprosy the matter is thicker, and not only feeds upon the Surface but the inner parts of the Skin. Celsus doubtless meant this Leprosy of the Greeks by the Word Impetigo, but not the Lichen of the Greeks, which some call Impetigo.  Leptuntica 
are attenuating cutting Medicines, which part the crass and viscous Humours with their acute Particles.  Lethargus, a Lethargy, 
is a Drowziness like another Disease causing an heavy sleep called Coma, accompanied with a Fever and a Delirium; and it is nothing else but an heap of too much or incongruous moist Matter within the Pores of the barky substance of the Brain. This Distemper does not seem to come of itself, but rather from the demigration of Fevers.  Leuce 
is when the Hairs, Skin, and sometimes the Flesh underneath turns white; the Flesh being pricked with a Needle is not sensible, nor emits Blood but a Milky Humour. It differs from Alphus in that it penetrates deeper and changes the Skin so that the Hairs are changed too.  Leucoma 
is a white Scar in the horny Tunic of the Eye.  Leucophagum 
is made of Almonds macerated in Rose-Water, and of Capon or Partridge boiled, bruised and strained through a Sieve made of Bristles: It is used in a Consumption.  Leucophlegmatia 
is a pituitous Dropsy, or a Dropsy that has seized the whole Body.  Lichen 
barbarously called Serpigo or Zerna, Halliabbas calls it Petigo and Sarpedo; the vulgar Voliatica. Lichenes are certain Asperities of the Skin, and as it were Tumours, which itch much and send forth Matter: The Greeks and Arabians have made two sorts of Lichens, the one mild and gentle, the other fierce and cruel. And according to Avicen, some are moist, which being rubbed send forth a kind of Dew, others are dry; and the moist are more safe, but the dry is made of salt pituitous Matter turned into Melancholy Blood. And again he writes, that one Manginess (Impetigo) brings off the Skin by reason of its great Dryness, and another does not; and that one is ambulatory and malignant, another fixed and standing; as also one is old, another fresh. Hence it appears, that the Scabies of Corn. Celsus was nothing but these Lichenes of the Greeks, and the Impetigo of the Arabians. It comes in any part of the Body, but especially in the Face and Chin, as Galen has it; for a Lichen, says he, is a most ungrateful Distemper in the Chin, because it makes it itch exceedingly, and stretches out the parts affected: It is not a little dangerous, it spreads over the whole Face, and sometimes reaches the Eyes, and at last makes the Person affected extreme filthy and loathsome. Lichen of the Greeks is Pliny's Impetigo, or an Inequality of the Skin, extending itself to the neighbouring parts, and accompanied with an extraordinary Itching and dry Pimples. Lichen is also the callous part in an Horse's Foot; likewise a sort of green Moss.  Libra medica, 
a Physicians Pound, is twelve Ounces; for as often as they prescribe a Pound they mean so many Ounces.  Lain, 
see Splen.  Lienteria 
is a Looseness when the Meat is sent out before it be altered.  Ligamentum, a Ligament, 
is a solid and very fibrous part, proceeding almost from Matter like a Cartilege, different in size, number, and situation, broad or round, cold, as it comes near the constitution of a Membrane or a Cartilege, dryer or moister, harder or softer, more or less tough and flexible, and designed by Nature for the connecting of Parts, especially Bones, that they may better perform their Motions.  Ligula, 
the same that Clavicula.  Linea alba 
is a concourse of the Tendons of the Muscles of the Abdomen, excepting the Tendons of the straight ones. For the Tendons of the Obliqne Muscles unite, and meet so on both sides, that they make a kind of Tunic that covers the Abdomen, as if they were all but one Tendon. It is white and not fleshy, proceeding from the pointed Cartilege to the os Pubis; and is narrower below the Navel than above.  Lingua, the Tongue, 
is an oblong, broad, thick Member, and thicker at the Roots and thinner and sharper at the end; of a moderate bigness, that it may move more quickly. In the Exterior and upper part of the Tongue there are a great many little Bodies which break out from the Surface of the Tongue, and crooking moderately incline backwards towards the Root, so that they look like a Comb that cards Wool. These Cartilaginous Bodies in an Ox especially seem to resemble the Figure of a Boare's Tooth; in the lower part they have a certain Cavity: They are made of a thick tenacious fibrous Matter, which seems like a heap of little Rods: About the sides of the Tongue they grow smaller and smaller, so that they almost disappear, and certain membranous Bodies are placed at their Basis, which look like a Conical, and then by and by a more obtuse pappy Substance: All the little Protuberances are clothed with the Membrane of the Tongue; they are firmly implanted in a certain tenacious Tunic of the Tongue, there being under them a crass viscous, or nervous Substance, especially in those places, where there are remarkable Pits in the Tongue disposed in like order and manner, so that in the inner part of the Tongue there are a great many of them, which are firmly implanted in a certain viscous sort of Body. When the Membrane that covers the whole Tongue is taken off there appears a certain glutinous Substance; then a nervous pappy Body something yellow, which spreads like the Membrane, and discovers remarkable nervous Protuberances disposed of in a wonderful order. The next thing that appears are little Nipples in greater abundance than those spoke of and of another order; for as many little Protuberances as cover the outside of the Tongue, so many nervous Nipples of this sort are found within; these proceed from the common pappy Substance, grow tolerably high, and shoot out farther into nervous Sprouts from the top of them, about which you discover innumerable little Protuberances proceeding from the same Stock, and of an equal height, only slenderer, like a Cone, and which go within their proper Cavities ready made in the crass viscous Substance before mentioned, and at last end towards the outermost Membrane. Furthermore the Substance of the Tongue is Musculous. The Centre of the Tongue consists of several sorts of Fibres, long, transverse, and obliqne, which being mutually interwoven with one another look like a Coverlet or Blánket: It owes its Motion to peculiar Muscles of its own, wherewith it is contracted and abbreviated. The pairs of Muscles are the Styloglossum, Basioglossum, Genioglossum, Ceratoglossum, and Myloglossum.  * Lithontriptica, 
are Medicines which break the Stone.  Lithotomia 
is a cutting the Stone out of the Bladder, and is thus performed. The Operator lays the sick Person upon a soft Pillow in the Bosom of some strong Man, after he has leapt three or four times from on high, than he ties the Hands on each side fast to the sole of the Foot, and two People standing on each side hold the Knees as open as possible: After this the Operator moistening one Finger of his left Hand, or if necessity require, the two foremost, with Oil of white Roses, thrusts them up into the Fundament, and with his right Hand presses the upper parts of the Secrets lightly, that by this means the Stone may be brought to the Perinaeum, which when he has forced thither with his Fingers, he cuts with a two edged Knife proportionably to the bigness of the Stone, in the left side betwixt the Testicles and the Fundament, near to the Suture of the Perinaeum, bringing the Stone towards the Knife: And if the Stone come not out either of its own accord, or by the thrusting of the Fingers, he draws it out with Pincers, or some such Instrument of Art. The Stone being drawn out, and all the Bands being loosed, he closes the Wound duly, applies Remedies to stop the Blood, and takes care that the Wound be closed up, lest the Urine should continually drop through. This way is called Apparatus minor, and is used especially in Boys, though it be frequently practised too in adult Persons in these Countries. But in the Apparatus major, or the greater Operation, the Patient bound as before is set upon a Table and held there, than the Chirurgeon thrusts in his Instrument called Itinerarium by the Urinary Passage into the Bladder as far as the very Stone, and cutting an hole as before, He putteth another Instrument called Conductor into the hollow part of the Itinerarium through the Wound, than the Itinerarium being taken out of the Urinary Passage, he puts in his Instrument called Forceps (a sort of Pincers) or any other sit to pull out the Stone, through the Wound he made, that he may lay hold of the Stone and bring it out. This being done, the Wound is bound up and consolidated as 'tis in Children, only if it be large, it is saved, and an Instrument of Silver applied to it for two or three days, which is useful to let out concreted Blood, Phlegm, and gravelly Urine. There is yet another way of taking out the Stone, to wit, by making an hole in the Abdomen by which the Stone is taken out of the bottom of the Bladder, and in this way no dribbling of Urine need to be feared.  Lithotomus 
is a Chirurgeon who is skilful in cutting out the Stone.  Lobus auris 
is the lower part, or teap of the Ear.  Localia Medicamenta 
are those which are applied outwardly, as Plasters, Ointments, Salves, etc.  Loch, and Lohoch, 
the same that Eolegma.  Lochia 
are those things which are evacuated by Women in Childbed, after the Birth of the Foetus and the Membranes called Secundinae.  Lohoch, 
the same that Eclegma.  Loimographia 
is a Description of contagious Diseases.  Loimos 
is pestilent Poison, which proceeds from the Nitre of the Air too highly exalted and pointed with heterogeneous Particles, which being taken into the Lungs infects and corrupts the Blood and the animal Spirits.  Longanon, 
the last Gut, see Intestinum rectum.  Lopidoides, 
the same that Lepidoides.  Lordosis 
is the bending of the Backbone forward.  Lotio 
is in a manner a particular Bath, wherein the Head, Armpits, Hands, Feet, and natural Parts are washed, and that with physical Decoctions: Some Medicines are also thus washed, by reason of their Saltness and Acrimony, as in Calx, and the heavier Soil of Brass that sticketh to the higher places of Furnaces or Melting-houses.  Lotium, 
see Vron.  Lozongae, Lozenges, 
the same that Morsuli.  Lues Venerea, Morbus Gallicus, 
the French Pox, is a malignant and contagious Distemper, communicated from one to another by Coition, or other impure Contact, proceeding from virulent Matter, and accompanied with the falling of the Hair, Spots, Swell, Ulcers, Pains, and many other direful Symptoms.  Lumbaga 
is a Pain in the Muscles of the Loins clogged with Scorbutic Matter, so that the Patient is forced to stand upright.  Lumbrici 
are little Worms or Animals produced by Corruption in humane Bodies; they are of different Shapes, round, etc.  Lupia 
is a Tumour, or Protuberance, about as big as a sort of Bean. Some take it for a Meliceris, others for a Ganglio.  Lupinus 
is equal to half a dram.  Lupus 
is a sort of Canker in the Thighs and Legs.  Lutatio 
is a Cementing of chemical Vessels.  Luxatio, disjointing, 
is when a Bone goes out of its own Cavity into another place, which hinders voluntary Motion.  Lycanthropia, rabbiss Hydrophobica, 
a Mandness proceeding from a mad Wolf, wherein Men imitate the howling of Wolves.  Lycoides 
is a Madness like that of Wolves, proceeding from the Retention of Seed.  Lygmos, the Hickets, 
is a couvulsive Motion of the Nerves which spread up and down the Gullet, returning after short Intermissions: It proceeds from some truoblesome Matter that vellicates the AEsophagus.  Lympha 
is a clear limpide Humour, consisting of the nervous Juice and of Blood, which being continually separated by the Glandules, is at last discharged into the Blood again by Vessels peculiar to it. The Lympha comes not immediately from the Blood or nervous Juice, as some think, but it is the Superfluity of each, which was more than enough for the Nourishment of a part, like the Marrow in Bones: It is taken sometimes for that Water which flows from the Pricking of Nerves and other Wounds, and which does not really flow from the Nerves themselves, but from the Lymphatic Vessels which are cut and wounded.  Lymphatica vasa, 
see Venae Lymphaticae.  Lynx, 
the same that Lygmus.  Lyteria 
is a sign of the loosening of a great Disease.    


M.  MAcrocosmus 
is the whole Universe.  Macula epatica 
is a Spot of a brown, or of a sad yellow Colour, about an hand's breadth broad, chief seizing upon the Groins, the Breast and back; nay sometimes it covers the whole Body, is attended with a certain sleight Asperity of the Skin, which lets fall Scales, or a sort of Dendriff from it, which yet do not stick altogether, but are disseminated here and there, and sometimes disappear, sometimes break out again.  Macula Matricalis 
is a spot with which a Child is born, of brownish Colour.  Macula volaticae 
is a red or purple Spot here and there in the Skin, which if it touch any Orifice in the Body, as the Mouth, Nostrils, Eyes, Ears, etc. and pierce so far, it becomes mortal; fatal to Children.  Madarosis 
is a Baldness of the Head.  Magdaleones 
are pieces of Plaster made up in form of a Cylender.  Magisterium 
properly signifies a Powder prepared by Solution and Precipitation, improperly a resinous Matter made the same way, which is more truly called an Extract. Magisteria as they are various, so are they variously prepared; a solvent Liquor is always poured upon a dry Matter, reduced to durst, if it can be had, or (if necessary) calcined, which is different according to the Diversity of the Magisterium, plain or distilled Vinegar, both by itself, and sharpened with Spirit of Nitre, Vitriol, Salt, etc. These are only in Minerals and Animals; a Lixivium prepared of Salt of Tartar and Water in Vegetables, Spirit of Wine in things sulphureous, that is, endued with an oily part; Yet these things belong rather to Extracts. There is a precipitating Liquor poured upon dissolved Bodies, commonly Oil of Tartar per deliquium, Urine, salt Water, Spirit of Vitriol, Nitre, etc. in Minerals and Animals common Water, or Allum-water in Vegetables; and there will subside at the bottom of the Glass a coagulated Substance which must be dried, and if necessity require, first sweetened and then burned.  Magistralia medicamenta 
are those Medicines which Physicians use to prescribe in the Shops for several uses, they are commonly called usualia, usual, because they ought to be used frequently, once a Week, twice a Month, or the like.  Magma 
signifies the Dregs that are left after the streining of Juices.  Malacia 
is a depraved Appetite which covets those things which are never eat: Also a Tenderness of Body.  Malactica, or Emollientia 
are those things which soften parts with a moderate Heat and Moisture, by dissolving some of them, and dissipating others.  Malagma 
was the same with our forefather's, as Cataeplasma.  Malagma, 
the same that Malacticum.  Malignus Morbus, 
a malignant Disease, is that which rages more vehemently and continues longer than its Nature seems to pretend to, as a pestilent Fever, etc.  Malleus 
is one of the four little Bones in the Ear.  Malleus pedis, 
see Malleolus.  Malleolus, or Malleus, 
is twofold, external, which is the lower Process at the foot of the Bone of the Leg called Fibula: Or internal, which is the lower Process of the Bone of the Leg, called Tibia, these make the Ankle.  Malthacode 
is a Medicine softened with Wax.  Malum mortuum, 
the dead Disease, is a sort of Scab, so called because it makes the Body appear black and mortified: It is accompanied with Colours black and blue, and with a crusty sort of Pimples, black, and filthy, but without Matter, Sense, or Pain. It infects the Hips and Legs especially.  Mamma, Mammilla, Vber, the Breast, Dugs, etc. the Grammarians 
call the inner part Vbera, and the outward Protuberances Mammae. A Breast or Dug is a globous, white, and soft Body, laying upon the pectoral Muscle on both sides, made up of conglomerated Glandules in the inside, by the mediation whereof the Milk is separated from the arterious Blood, and is conveyed out by very little Pipes, which pass through the Nipples.  Mammiformes processus 
are two Apophyses of the Bone of the back part of the Scull.  Mammilla, 
the same that Mamma.  Mandibula, Maxilla, 
the Jaw, is either upper or lower. The upper is made of twelve Bones, on each side six. The first is at the external corner of the Eye, which joined with the fore-process of the Bone of the Temples produces the jugal Bone. The second constitutes the inner corner of the Eye, has a large Passage in it, by which the superabundant Moisture of the Eye descends to the Nostrils. The third is within the circle of the Eye, interposed betwixt the other two. The fourth, the greatest of all, makes the greatest part of the Cheeks and the Palate, and is elaborately carved for the Reception of the Teeth. The fifth helps to make the Nose. The sixth with another Bone along with it terminates the extremity of the Palate: And all these are joined rather by a plain Line than by Sutures. The lower Jaw at riper Years grows into one continued Bone, extreme hard, and thick, and consequently very strong: It has two Processes, one acute, called Corone, the other in the form of a little Head, called Condylus. It has two Holes within, and as many without which make way for the Nerves; the under Teeth are implanted in it, and it is jointed with the inner side of the Bone of the Temples called Os petrosum.  Mania, 
a sort of Madness, is a deprivation of Imagination and Judgement, with great Rage and Anger, but without a Fever and Fear: It proceeds from sulphureosaline Animal Spirits, like Aqua stygia, which cause strange furious Impulses in the Body, not by consent of Parts, but by their own Strength.  Manica Hypocratis, 
is a woollen Sack, in form of a Pyramid, wherewith Aromatic Wines, Medicines, and other Liquors arestreined.  Maniodes 
is a Frenzy, like the Madness which is meant by Mania.  Manipulus 
is a dry Measure, usual with Physicians in their Prescriptions; for it is a determinate quantity, to wit, as much as can be held in one hand; meant for the most part of Herbs. Fasciculus is a different quantity from Manipulus, an handful, for it properly signifies an armful.  Manus Christi 
is a sort of Sugar, so called because it is put into Cordials for very weak People.  Marasmodes 
is a Fever which at last ends in a Consumption.  Marisca, 
the same that Ficus.  Marmarygae 
are the Glisten and Corruscations of the Eyes.  Marmelata, Marmelate, 
is the Juice of Quinces condensated into a Jelly with Sugar; and is either plain or spiced, for the use of Families.  Marmorata aurium, Earwax, 
is a certain Excrement of the Ears, laid there in the auditory Passage from the openings of the Arteries, or sweat out from the Cartilages.  Masseteres 
are Muscles of the lower Jaw, produced from the upper, and the jugal Bone, they are connected to the lower Jaw, and can move it rightside, left-side, and forward by reason of the various Disposition of Fibres.  Masticatio, chawing, 
is an Action whereby we mince the Meat, and mix it with the Spittle cated Juice in the Mouth.  Masticatorium 
is a Medicine which is mastito provoke spitting.  Mastoidei 
are Processes like Breasts or Dugs, which from a broad Basis end in an obtuse top, and are shaped like Tears in a Cow's Udder: Also Muscles which bend the Head, proceeding from the Neckbone and the Breastbone, terminating in the Process Mammiformis, i. e. like a Dug or Pap.  Mastos, 
the same that Mamma.  Mater dura 
is a Membrane which sticks close to the Scull within in some places, and mediately covers both the Brain and Cerebellum, or little Brain; it has four Cavities which supply the place of Veins, and come together betwixt the Brain and Cerebellum, which Conjunction Herophilus calls torcular.  Mater tenuis 
is a Membrane which immediately clothes the Brain and Cerebellum, extremely full of sanguinary Vessels, made to keep in the Spirits generated in the Brain and Cerebellum, that they fly not away.  Matracium 
is nothing but a little Sack, wherein is calcined Tartar or the like, pricked here and there for the emission of Liquor.  Matrix, 
the same that Vterus.  Maxilla superior, 
the upper Jawbone, has eleven Bones belonging to it, five on each side, and one without a fellow. 

1. In the lesser Corner of the Eye.  
2. In the greater Corner of the Eye.  
3. Which is the greatest of all, constitutes the whole Palate, and contains the upper Teeth.  
4. With its Partner constitutes the ridge of the Nose.  
5. Is placed at the extremity of the Palate, where the Holes of the Nostrils tend towards the upper part of the Gullet: See Mandibula.    Maxilla inferior, 
the lower Jaw-borne is that which contains the under-teeths; it has a Process on each side, the foremost, called Corone, the hinder Condylus.  Meatus auditorius, 
the auditory Passage gins from the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear, and is clothed with a thin Skin as far as the brim of the Tympanum, or drum of the Ear: It's use is to receive the Air and audible Species, and to contain the Earwax.  Meatus urinarius, 
see Vrethra.  Meconium, Opiate, 
or the condensed Juice of Poppies. Also the Excrements of a Faetus, which stick to the Intestines after the Birth, so called from the Blackness of Poppy-Juice.  Meconologia 
is a Description of opium.  Mediana Vena 
is the middle Vein in the bending of the Cubit betwixt the Cephalick and Basilick: It is safely opened, because there's neither Nerve nor Artery under it.  Mediastinum 
is a doubling of the Membrane of the sides, which divides the Lungs and other Viscera of the Breast into two parts. It proceeds from the Vertebres of the Back, and going on forward reaches the Breastbone, and makes this Partition.  Medicamentum, a Medicine, 
is a convenient help, whereby Diseases are repelled for the recovery of Health; and it is either actual, which affects the Body at first touch with that Quality it is endowed with, as hot Iron, cold Water: Or potential, whose Efficacy is not perceived till it be stirred up from some stay in the Body, as Pepper, Radish, sharp Salts, etc. Again, a Medicine is endowed with first, or second, or third Qualities, all which depend upon the Temperament and the various Motion of Particles in our Bodies. Medicine is threefold, Chirurgery, Physic, strictly so called, and Diet.  Medicina, Physic, 
is an Art assistant to Nature, and preserving Health in Human Bodies as much as is possible by convenient Remedies. Senertus and others rightly divide it into five parts: 

1. Physiologia, which treats of Human Constitution, as it is sound and well, to which belongs Anatomy too.  
2. Pathalogia, which treats of the preternatural Constitution of our Bodies.  
3. Semiotica, which treats of the signs of Health and Diseases.  
4. Hygieina, which delivers Rules of the Regimen to be observed in the Preservation of Health.  
5. Therapeutica, which teaches Diet, Chirurgery, and Medicine. The general Division of Physic is only into two parts; the Theory and the Practice; the Subject of Physic is human Body, as curable; and its end and design Health. Hypocrates calls it a long Art, and Paracelsus a short one; and certain Arabians a little one, but in reality it is a long, a great, and noble Art.    Medicinalis dies, 
see Criticidies.  Medicus, 
a Physician, is a Man highly skilful in the art of Physic, modest, sober, and courteous. Scaliger describes a Physician thus, That he ought to be a learned, honest, mild, diligent, a fortunate Man, and of ripe Years, one that relies upon God, not arrogant with his Knowledge, Labour or Success, nor covetous.  Medius Venture; 
see Thorax.  Medulla 
in Mineralogia in the Description of Minerals, is that softish part which is found in some Stones in Phytologia, or Description of Plants, it signifies the middle, softer and more excellent part, which they call also Cor and Matrix.  Medulla cerebri 
is a white soft Substance, covered on the outside with the barky Substance, which is more of an ashy Colour; it makes that which is called the Corpus callosum, or callous Body, within: Imagination and the Distribution of Animal Spirits are performed there. Malpighius' asserts that it consists of innumerable Threads or Filaments.  Medulla oblongata 
is the beginning of the Spinal Marrow, whence arise the Nerves within the Skull, it descends to the Os sacrum, through the Hole of the hinder part of the Head and the Vertebres. It sends out ten pair of Nerves to the Chest, the Abdomen, and the Limbs. It is called also the common Sensory, because that where the Original of the Nerves is, there is the common place of the Reception of Species from the external Senses.  Medulla Ossium, 
Marrow in the Bones, is a fat Substance laid up in the Cavities, or Porosities of the Bones by the Arteries; it is kept in a Membrance, and is quite destitute of all Sense; it is red in the greater Cavities, white in the less, soft and succulent in spongy Bones. We may imagine likewise, that it is but a sweeting of the Bones, in that they receive more sulphureous fat Matter than they can convert into Nourishment, which afterwards flows to the inner part of the Bones by Ductus' and little Cavities for that purpose, after that is received by the Veins, and communicated to the Blood.  Medulla spinalis, 
the spinal Marrow, or the tail of the Brain, is that part which goes down the middle of the Back by the Vertebres, and is terminated at the Os sacrum; it is also of the same nature and use with the Brain; it is a Coagmentation of Nerves, and has the use of them; upwards it is forked; hence if either party be obstructed there arises a Palsy of one side. It sends out thirty pair of Nerves on each side to the Limbs, great Cavities, and other parts of the Body. If it be washed with a convenient Liquor, it 'twill sever into a great many little Fibres.  Megalosphlanchnus 
is one who has great swelling Bowels.  Mela 
is a Surgeons Instrument, called Specillum, the vulgar call it Tenta, a Tent, from trying. It is made for the most part of Silver, or Ivory, and that to probe Ulcers, or to draw the Stone out of the Yard, etc. It is of different Shapes according as it is differently used.  Melanagoga 
are Medicines that expel black Choler.  Melancholia 
is a Sadness without any evident Cause, whereby People fancy terrible and sometimes ridiculous things to themselves: It proceeds from the Degeneracy of the Animal Spirits from their own spirituous saline Nature into an Acide, like the Spirit of Vitriol, Boxtree, Oak, etc. Also it is called black Choler, or black Blood, Adust, and Salino-sulphureous.  Melas, 
see in Alphus.  Meliceri 
is a Tumour shut up within a Tunick, proceeding from matter like Honey, without Pain, round, yielding if pressed, but quickly returning again. It seems to proceed from Lymphatic Particles which do not circulate right, and which when the Moisture is evaporated, leave a honyish-kind of Substance.  Melicratum 
is a Drink made of one part Honey, and eight parts Rain-water.  Membrand 
is a nervous, fibrous, broad, plain, white, and dilatable Substance, which covers the Bowels, the great Cavities of the Body, the Muscles, etc. and is endowed with an exquisite Sense.  Membrana carnosa, 
the same that Panniculus carnosus.  Membrana Vrinaria, 
the same that Allantois.  Membrum, a Member, 
is an organical Body, made up of several similar parts, designed for the performance of voluntary Actions.  Memoria, 
Memory, is the retention of Marks or Footsteps impressed in several places in the barky Substance, or folding Fibres of the Brain by the motion of Objects. Memory resides in the substance of the Brain, called Corticalis, like Bark.  Mendosa Sutura, or Squammea, 
is a scaly Connexion of Bones, as may be seen in the Bone of the Temples, and the Bone of the fore part of the Head.  Meningophylax 
is that which preserves the Meninx or Membrane of the Head, as thin Gold or Silver Plates, which are applied when the Skull is opened.  Meninx, 
see Mater dura & tenuis.  Mensa 
is the broader part of the Teeth called, Grinders, which chaws and minces the Meat.  Menses, the Courses, 
are Excretions of Blood every Month from the Womb, and not from its Neck or Passage called Vagina. The cause thereof consists in a fermentative Matter, generated in the Substance of the Womb; or a seminal Matter, infused into the Blood from the Testicles, or Ovaria in a Woman, which being mixed with the mass of the Blood, ferments it into such a motion, that it is forced to discharge itself every Month. They begin usually when young Maids grow ripe, at twelve or fourteen, but cease naturally in Women with Child, past Children, and those that give suck.  Menstrua alba, 
see Fluor albus.  Menstruum Mulierum, 
see Menses.  Menstruum 
is that which is to be distilled, or a Liquor which corrodes Metals, and dissolves Stones, as Vinegar, Aqua fortis, Spirit of Wine, etc. It may be taken also for the Caput mortuum, which is left after Distillation.  Mentagra 
is a sort of wild Tetter or Ring-worm, which was not known in Claudius' days.  Mesaraeum, 
the same that Mesenterium; whence its Vessels are called as well Mesaraick, as Mesenterick.  Mesaraica vasa, 
see in Mesaraeum.  Mesenteria vasa, 
see Mesaraeon.  Mesenterium 
is the Membrane of the Peritonaeum doubled, enriched with Glandules, Nerves, Arteries, Veins, Chyliferous and Lymphatic Vessels; it is in the middle of the Abdomen, and contains the Intestines in a wonderful manner. It has a great Glandule in the middle called Pancreas Asellis; about which are several other less Glandules, to which the milky Vessels of the first rank tend from the Intestines, and Lymphatic Vessels from the Liver and other Parts; from these Glandules again the milky Vessels of the second rank ascend to the Vessel that carries the Mass of Chyle, and discharge themselves into it.  Meseraeum, 
see Mesaraeum and Mesenterium.  Mesocolon 
is that part of the Mesentery which is continued to the great Guts.  Mesonuctium 
is the middle of the Night.  Mesopleurii 
are the intercostal Muscles, twenty two on each side, eleven external, and as many internal.  Metabole 
is a change of Time, Air, or Diseases.  Metacarpus and Metacarpium 
is the back of the Hand, made of four oblong little Bones, which expand the Palm of the Hand, and they are called Postbrachialia.  Metacondyli 
are the utmost Bones of the Fingers.  Metalepticus 
is a Metaleptick Motion of the Muscles.  Metallum, Metal, 
is a solid, rigid Substance, found in Mountains and subterraneous Cavities. The several sorts of them are comprehended in this Verse. Sol, Mars, Luna, Venus, Saturnus, Jupiter, Hermes.  Gold 
is the most solid Metal, the Tincture whereof is highly extolled by the Chemists.  Metallurgus, or Metallicus, 
is one who searches after Metals, as the Chemists.  Metapedium, 
the same in the Foot, that Metacarpus is in the Hand.  Metaphrenum 
is that part of the Back which comes after the Diaphragme.  Metaptosis 
is the degenerating of one Disease into another, as of a Quartane Ague into a Tertian; and on the contrary, of an Apoplexy into a Palsy, etc.  Metastasis 
is when a Disease goes from one part to another; which happens to Apoplectic People, when the Matter which affects the Brain is translated to the Nerves.  Metasyncrisis 
is the Operation of the Medicine externally applied, which fetches out the Humours from their closest Recesses.  Metatarsus 
are the five little Bones of the Foot, connected to the Bones of the first part of the Foot, which immediately succeeds the Leg.  Methodica Medicina 
is that which was invented by Themison Laodiceus, and improved by Thessalus Trallianus, who said that the Art might be learned in six months' time.  Methodus 
is a part of Physic whereby Remedies are found out by Indications for the Restauration of Health.  Metopum 
is the Forehead.  Metrenchyta 
is an Instrument wherewith Liquors are injected into the Womb.  Miasma 
is a contagious Infection in the Blood and Spirits, as in the Plague and Scurvy.  Microcosmus, Man 
is called the little World as a Compendium of the greater.  Microphthalmus 
is one who has little Eyes from his Birth.  Miliaris herpes, 
see Herpes.  Miserere mei, or Chordapsus, 
is a most vehement Pain in the Guts, proceeding from an Inflammation of them, or Involution and the peristaltic Motion inversed; whence the Excrements are discharged by the Mouth. It is called also Volvulus.  Mitella 
is a Swath that holds up the Arm when it is hurt or wounded.  Miva 
is the Flesh or Pulp of a Quince boiled up with Sugar into a thick Consistence.  Mixtura 
is a solid or liquid Substance mixed together of several Medicines. Mixtures are very different according to the scope of the Physician; they are taken especially in Drops or Spoonfuls, and sometimes in Draughts. They are made either of Liquors only, such as are distilled Waters, Spirits, and Oils, any way mixed together, as Waters with Waters, Oil with Oil, Waters with Spirits, etc. or of Liquors with convenient Syrups, Powders, Consections, Opiates, all of them together, or only some.  Mna, or Mina, an Attic Mna 
contains an hundred Drams, or twelve Ounces and an half; the Roman, ninety six Drams, or twelve Ounces; the Alexandrian, an hundred and sixty Drams, or twenty Ounces.  Modiolus, Trepanum, or Anabaptiston, 
is an Instrument which they use in profound Corruptions, Contusions, Cuts and Fractures of Bones, not easily, though to be, applied; unless, 1. The Chips and Prominences of the Bones prick, 2. When the upper Table is entire, but depressed, and the lower broken. 3. When the extravasated Blood would choke a Man with Corruption. The manner of perforating is thus: When the Hairs are shaved off, the Skin is to be cut to the Pericranium, avoiding as prudently as may be the Muscles of the Temples and the Sutures, and for this time the Wound is to be bound up, unless there be so little Blood spilt, that the Membrane, called Pericranium, may at the same time be pulled off from the Scull: Then after a few Hours you may stop the Ears of the Patient, and take one of these Instruments called a Masculine Modiolus, whose point is to be fixed in the Skull, but so far off the Fracture, that it touch it not, much less the Suture, with its Teeth; though some never avoid the Sutures, and assure us that they have perforated them as successfully as any other part: Then hold the Instrument fast with the lefthand, and turn it round with the right, till you have cut out a pretty deep Circle: After this take a Feminine Modiolus (which has no point in the middle) and turn it round as before: In the mean time take away the Dust that proceeds from the Perforation, and moisten the Instrument in Oil and Water to make it cool and slippery: The Blood that appears with show that you are now gone as deep as the second Table, i. e. beyond the Scull to the Meninx, and then you must press very gently, lest the Membrane of the Brain be unadvisedly hurt; when the Bone gins to wag, put something in betwixt the sides of the Wound, loosen it, and take it out with a pair of Surgeons Pincers.  Mola, Patella, or Rotula, 
is a round and broad Bone, at the jointing of the Thigh and Leg, where the Knee, excepting this Bone, is begirt with a Membranous Ligament.  Mola carnea, 
is a fleshy, and sometimes a spongy Substance without Bones, or Bowels; it is often black like concreted Blood; and sometimes extreme hard, preternaturally brought into the World instead of a Faetus.  Molares, or Maxillares Dentes; 
see Dentes.  Mollientia; 
see Emollientia.  Melopes', Vibices, Enchymoma, Sugillationes, 
all signify the same thing; red Spots like those which remain in the Skin after beating, in malignant and pestilential Fevers.  Molynsis, 
the same that Miasma.  Monocolum 
is the Gut Caecum.  Monohemera 
are Diseases that are cured in one day.  Monopagia, 
see Monopegia.  Menopegia 
is a sharp Pain in the Head, afflicting one single place.  Mons Veneris 
is the upper part of a Woman's Secrets, something higher than the rest.  Morbilli, the Measles, 
are red Spots which proceed from an aerial Contagion in the Blood, they neither swell nor are suppurated, and differ only in degree from the Smallpox.  Morbus, a Disease, 
is such a Constitution of Body as renders us inapt for the due performance of our Actions: Or, it is an ill Constitution in a Man which hurts any of our Faculties, according to Silvius de le Boc. Diseases are twofold, either from an ill Conformation, or an Indisposition: An ill Conformation is six-fold, for it sonsists in Number, Magnitude, Figure, Cavity, Surface and Situation: Indisposition is either occult or manifest; the Occult is poisoned, contagious, and pestilent; the Manifest s either simple, as hot, cold, moist, dry, etc. or compound, when more Qualities than one are peccant at once, as cold and moist, hot and moist, etc. There's a Disease by Idiipothia, peculiar to one's self, by Protopathia, when one has it first, by Deuteropathia, at second hand, and by Sympathy. Also Diseases are simple or compound, gentle or malignant, short, long, acute, continued, intermittent, hereditary, native, Pituitous, bilious, melancholy, Summer, Winter, Autumnal, Epidemic, etc.  Morbus Regius, 
the same that Icterus.  Moretum 
is a sort of Drink which our Women use much when they think they have conceived, for they are persuaded that it spoils a false Conception and strengthens a true one: It is so called from the Mulberries they put in it.  Moria, Dulness or Folly, or Stupidity, 
is a defect of Judgement and Understanding; it proceeds chief from lack of Imagination and Memory.  Morosis, 
the same that Moria.  Morphaea, 
the same that Alphus.  Morselli, 
the same that Morsuli.  Morsuli, Tabellae, 
they are Medicines of a square Figure for the most part, made of Powders and the like mixed with Sugar dissolved and poured upon a wooden, stone, or brazen Table, to be consolidated.  Morsus canis rabidi, 
the same that Cynanthropia.  Mortariola, 
are the Caverns wherein the Teeth are lodged.  Morum, 
the same that Pladarosis.  Motos 
is a piece of Linen teezed like Wool, which is put into Ulcers, and stops a Flux of Blood.  Motus Peristalticus, 
see Peristalticus.  Muccus, 
the same that Mucus.  Mucago 
is a viscous Extraction, made of Seeds, Gums, Roots, etc. with Water.  Mucilago, 
the same that Mucago.  Mucro cordis, or Apex, 
is the lower pointed end of the Heart.  Mucronatum os, 
see Ensiformis Cartilago.  Mucus, 
we call it Snot, is a liquid, thick, and viscous Excrement, which flows from the Processus Papillares by the Os Cribriforme to the Nostrils and Palate.  Muliebria, 
see Cunnus.  Muscae caput, 
the same that Myocephalum.  Musculus, a Muscle, 
is an organical part furnished with two Tendons, and a fibrous or fleshy Belly or middle part: Its Office is to move the Members that are contiguous to it. This Motion or Contraction is performed by the flowing of the Animal Spirits from the Brain to the Tendons by the Nerves, and thence to the middle of the Muscles, where they contract them, and when that is done, recede to the Muscles again. The Ancients divided the Body of a Muscle into the Head, Belly, and Tail; in which division they called the Extremity of the Muscle, connected to that part towards which the Contraction was made, the Head; the end or part of the Muscle, inserted into that part which was to be moved, the Tail; and lastly the intermediate part of the Muscle, which is more swelled with Flesh, they called the Belly; and then in the performance of Motion they supposed the Muscle was swelled about the Head and Belly, and consequently shortened in its length, so that it drew the Member, to which it was fastened, near to it. But how this was done they say not. Muscles are destined either to the use of Cavities, or Limbs, and are diversely denominated from their Shapes, Places where they are, and Actions they perform.  Mycteres 
are the Nostrils, or the Receptacles of pituitous Humours, which distil out of the Brain by the Processus Papillares, the Extremities of the Olfactory Nerves.  Mydeses 
is Corruption or Rottenness from too much moisture.  Mydriasis 
is a too great Dilatation of the Pupil of the Eye which makes the Sight dim.  Myelos 
the Marrow of the Bones, or of the Brain, or Spinal Marrow.  Myle, 
the same that Molagenu.  Myloglossum 
is a pair of Muscles which arise about the back side of the grinding Teeth, and are inserted into the Ligament of the Tongue, and are said to turn the Tongue upwards.  Mylphae 
signify the falling off of the Hairs of the Eyelids: Also Medicines against the falling off of Hair.  Myocephalum 
is the falling of the Tunica uvea just begun, like the Head of a Fly, whence it has its Name.  Myodes platysma 
is a broad musculous Expansion in the Neck, proceeding there from a sort of a fat Membrane.  Myologia 
is a Description of Muscles.  Myopia, 
is a certain Dimness of sight in distant Objects, and yet a Perspicacity in things near at hand. Purblindness.  Myopiasis, 
the same that Myopia.  Myops' 
is one that is Purblind; which is occasioned by this, that the Sunbeams, entering in too great a quantity, represent the Object confusedly in the Brain.  Myrach, 
is an Arabian Word, and signifies the same that Epigastrium.  Myracopum 
is an Ointment that takes away Weariness.  Myrmecia 
is a sort of Wart; they are harder and lower than those fleshy Tumours called Thymi, take deeper Root, and occasion greater Pain, broad below, small at top, and emit less Blood. They are scarce ever bigger than a sort of Pulse called Lupins. They breed in the Palms of the Hand, or the sole of the Foot.  Myrinx, 
the same that Tympanum.  Myron, 
the same that Vnguentum.  Myropola, 
is one that sells Ointments.  Myrtum 
is a little piece of Flesh in a Woman's Secrets, about the Cleft, proceeding from a Corrugation of the Vagina.  Mystax 
is the upper Lip and the Hairs upon it.  Myurus 
is a mutilated Pulse, increasing or decreasing gradually.  Myxa 
is Snot, a pituitous Humour, which descends from the Extremity of the olfactory Nerves to the Nostrils.    


N.  NAevi, 
Moles, are certain native Spots, and are twofold, either plain, or protuberant, different in shape and colour. They happen to Childbearing Women from a false Imagination, Drunkenness, Ecstasy, etc.  Narcosts 
is a privation of Sense, as in a Palsy, or in taking of Opium, etc.  Nacrotica 
are Medicines that stupify, and allay Pain.  Nascalia, 
the same that Errhina.  Nascalia, 
are little globular Bodies which are put into the Neck of the Matrix, made of the same substance as Pessaria: see Pessaria.  Nata, 
the same that Natta.  Nates cerebri 
are two round Prominences, behind the Beds of the Optic Nerves, which grow to the upper part of the Marrowy Substance, they are small in Men, and larger in Brutes.  Natta 
is a great soft Tumour, without Pain and Colour, which grows especially in the Back, yet sometimes in the Shoulders; its Root is slender, yet it increases so prodigiously that it will grow as big as a Melon, or a Gourd; it is made of fat Matter; and therefore aught to be reckoned amongst the Steatomata. See Steatomata.  Natura, 
the same that Cunnus.  Naturalis facultas, a natural Faculty, 
is an Action depending chief upon the Cerebellum, whereby the Body, without our notice, is nourished, increased, and preserved by the Blood and Animal Spirits; upon which likewise all Excretions, Digestions, and Generations depend.  Naviculare os, 
called also Cymbiforme, is the third Bone in each Foot, in that part of it which immediately succeeds the Leg.  Necrosis 
is a black and blue Mark in any part.  Nectar 
is the drink of the Gods, as Ambrosia is their drink. But with Physicians it signifies rather a Medicinal Drink, but with a most delicious colour, taste and smell.  Nemomena, 
see Nomas.  Nepenthes, Opiate Laudunum, 
a Medicine worthy indeed of Praise. It signifies as much as without Pain and Trouble, and by reason of the incomparably admired Effects it produces, highly deserves the Name of Laudunum (a Word importing Praise.) Nepenthes they say was Helen's Remedy, wherewith she expelled all Sorrow from her Heart, and waxed merry and cheerful.  Nephelae 
are small white Spots upon the Eyes. Also little Clouds as it were that swim in the middle of Urine; likewise little white Spots in the surface of the Nails like little Clouds.  Nephritica 
are Medicines against the Diseases of the Reins.  Nephriticus 
is one who is troubled with a Disease in the Reins.  Nephritis 
is a Pain in the Reins, proceeding either from an ill Disposition, or an Inflammation, or from the Stone and Gravel, accompanied with Vomiting and Stretching of the Thigh.  Nephros 
is a Kidney, on each side of the Abdomen one, placed about the Loins under the Liver and Spleen; it is shaped like a Kidney Bean: Its Substance is made up of a great company of little Conduits. On both sides it receives the Serum from the Glandules which border upon the Arteries, and carries it to the little Bodies in the Reins called Carunculae Papillares (which see) that so it may be discharged by the Pelvis, the Basin, the Ureters, the Bladder, etc.  Nervus, a Nerve, 
is a fibrous, round, long, white, porous Substance like an Indian Cane, which conveys the Animal Spirits to make the parts of the Body movable and sensible. Ten pair of Nerves proceed from the oblongated Marrow within the Scull: As the Odoratory, and Opthalmick Nerve, that which moves the Eyes; the Pathetic, the Gustatory, or that which perceives Tastes; the Nerve called Timidus or fearful, that which serves the Organ of Hearing; the Parvagum, that which moves the Tongue, and the Muscles of the Neck. The Ancients only acknowledge Seven pair within the Scull. Below the Scull they reckon Thirty pair; seven from the Spinal Marrow in the Neck; twelve from the same in the Back; five from the Loins, and six from the Os Sacrum: All the Nerves below the Scull proceed from the Spinal Marrow, which pass through the holes in the sides of the Vertebres, and are designed for the use of the Limbs and great Cavities. A Nerve, a Tendon, and a Ligament are impertinently taken for one and the same thing by Surgeons.  Neurodes 
is a sort of lingering Fever, so called by the most Learned Willis; because that the nervous Juice, departing from its own right natural Crasis, becomes the occasion of an Atrophae.  Neurologia 
is an elegant Description of the Nerves, which Willis has performed beyond any Man whatsoever.  Neuron, 
the same that Nervus.  Neurotica 
are Remedies against the Diseases of the Nerves.  Neurotomia 
is an Anatomical Section of Nerves; also a pricking of Nerves.  Neurotomus 
is one who is troubled with a pricking of the Nerves. Or one who dissects them Anatomically.  Neuritica, 
the same that Neurotica.  Nidrosa Dyspepsia; 
see Dyspepsia.  Nidus, 
the same that Focus.  Noctambulo, or Noctambulus, 
is one who walks in his Sleep, opens Doors and Windows, and goes over the highest and most dangerous Places without perceiving it: The Cause of it is hardly to be given, unless Sleep be divided into Total and Partial; the Total is common ordinary Sleep, but the Partial takes place in this case, because that Objects are seen indeed, and are offered to the common Sensory, but penetrate not to the place of Imagination, so that they may be perceived.  Nodulus, Nodus, 
is a Bag of suitable Ingredients as the Disease requires, put into Beer or Wine, the Tincture whereof the Patient is to drink.  Nodus, 
the same that Ganglion and Nodulus.  Noli me tangere 
is a sort of Canker in the Face, especially above the Chin. There arises a Tumour or Ulcer about the Mouth and Nose, like an exulcerated Canker, which grows slowly at the beginning, like a little Pimple; it remains a whole Year, otherwise is less troublesome than a Canker, which gnaws and eats more in one Day than a Noli me tangere doth in a Month.  Nomas 
is a putrid Ulcer that feeds upon the parts.  Nosocomium 
is an Hospital for poor sick People, where they are attended, and cured, if possible.  Nosologia, 
the same that Pathalogia.  Nosos, 
the same that Morbus.  Notae maternae, 
the same that Naevius.  Nothae costae 
are the five lowest Ribs on each Side, called Bastard Ribs, so called because they do do not join with the Breastbone as other Ribs, nor are as the others Boney but Cartilaginous. Diseases are likewise called Nothi, or Bastard, which exceed the ordinary and common Rule; as tertain, quartane, or quotidian Bastard Agues; a Bastard Plurify. etc.  Nothis 
is the Back, the back part of the Chest.  Novacula 
is a Surgeons Knife, the shape whereof differs according to the difference of Operations: And therefore can hardly be described.  Nubeculae 
are little light Particles which mutually, but loosely, close with one another, and swim upon the Urine.  Nucha 
is the hinder part, or nap of the Neck, called Cervix.  Nuciositas, 
the same that Myopia.  Numero, 
not only Fruits and Seeds are measured by Number, but likewise the parts of Animals, as Yolks of Eggs. It is commonly noted thus, Nᵒ or Num.  Nutrimentum, 
the same that Alimentum.  Nutritio 
is a natural Increase, whereby that which continually decays of any corporeal Substance, is repaired by convenient Nourishment.  Nux 
is a sort of Pain in the Head, which afflicts a place about as big as a Nut; as an Ouum, a Clavus, and other sorts.  Nychthemerum 
is four and twenty hours' space.  Nyctalopia 
is twofold: the first is a Dimness of Sight in the Night, or in dark Places, without any Impediment in the Light: The other is a Dimness in the Light, and clear Sight in the Night, or in Shades.  Nymphae 
are little pieces of Flesh in a Woman's Secrets. So called because they stand near the Water that comes out of the Bladder. Also the hollowness or void space in the nether Lip.  Nymphomania, 
the same that Furor Vterinus.  Nymphotomia 
is a cutting off the Nymphae, the too great Protuberance whereof in marriageable Virgins sometimes hinders the Enjoyment, or at least renders it difficult. The Egyptians cut them frequently.    


O.  OBelaea 
is the Sagittalis Suture in the Scull (see Sagittalis) which touches the Coronalis Suture forward, and the Lamdoides backward; for it is made of the mutual Conjunction of the Bones of the Forehead.  Oblatae Laxativae & Purgantes 
are made of Meal with Sugar and purging Ingredients.  Oblivio, Forgetfulness, 
is a loss of the Ideas of Things once perceived out of the Brain. Which happens when things make but a light Impression upon the Brain; as a light Motion is scarce perceived, so a light Impression easily decays.  Obolus 
is half a Scruple; it weighs ten Grains. Physicians mark it thus ∽, but now the Hollanders do not use this Character.  Obstructio 
is a shutting up of the Passages of the Body either by Contraction, or by some foreign Body that has entered within them.  Occiput 
is the hinder part of the Scull.  Ochema 
is a Liquor or Vehicle wherewith Medicines are mixed.  Ochthodes 
are Ulcers whose sides are callous, or of the nature of Warts, but not malignant.  Oculares dentes, 
the Eye-teeths: The same that Cynodontes.  Oculus, the Eye, 
is the external Organ of Sight; it is compounded of six Muscles, to wit of two Direct, and as many Transverse, to which a seventh is added in Brutes. It has seven Tunics, the Adnata, Innominata, Cornea, Wea, Retiformis, Chrystallina, and Vitrea. It has also the Optic Nerve, the Iris, and the Pupilla. See them singly in their proper places.  Oculi 
are the forerunners of Flowers, which are likewise called Gemmae, Buds.  Odaxismus 
is the itching of the Gums, when Children breed Teeth.  Odontagra, 
see Forfex.  Odonthalgia 
is the Teeth-ach; which is caused by black rotten Teeth, or an Effervescence of fixed and acid Salt; and therefore it is called the Gout in the Teeth. Cold also will cause it.  Odontiasis, 
the same that Dentitio, and Odontophyia.  Odontica 
are Medicines against Pains in the Teeth.  Odontoides, 
that which is like a Tooth; as the Tooth of the second Vertebre, and of other Bones.  Odontophyja, 
breeding of Teeth.  Odoramentum 
is a Medicine applied for its Smell. It is compounded of Laudunum, Storax, Benzoin, Musk, Civet, etc.  Odoratus, the Smell, 
is a Sense whereby odoriferous Effluviums are offered and represented to the common Sensory, from the Motion and Irritation of Nerves, implanted in the Membranes of the Nose.  Oeconomia 
is the management of Family-Concerns.  Oedema 
is sometimes taken in a large Sense by Hypocrates, for any Tumour, but strictly for a white, soft, insensible Tumour proceeding from pituitous Matter heaped up together. It has no Pulse, and yields easily to the Fingers. It may proceed likewise in some measure from the Lympha or nutritious Juice extravasated and turned into a Jelly.  Oenoides 
is diluted Wine, or a Liquor Analogous to Wine.  Oenomel 
is Wine and Honey.  Oesophagaeus 
is a Muscle that closes the Gullet, called Sphincter.  Oesophagus, 
the Gullet, is a membranaceous Pipe reaching from the Palate to the Stomach, whereby the Meat, chawed in the Mouth and mixed with the Juice there, passes to the Ventricle: It has three Tunics; the outermost or membranaceous Tunic, which comes from the Peritonaeum, or inner rind of the Belly, and clothes the Ventricle. The innermost is Musculous; the whole Oesophagus seems to consist of two Muscles, which with their opposite Fibres crossing one another make four Parallellograms. The Third is altogether Nervous, which is covered on the inside with an hairy sort of Coat, and which may pass for a fourth Tunic.  Oesypus, 
the Filth and Greasiness of Sheep, proceeding of Sweat, and cleaving fast to their Wool. Therefore they are mistaken who take it to signify the little Clods of Dung that stick to their Wool.  Olecranum, or Ancon, 
is the greater Process of the first Bone of the Cubit called Vlna. Also the upper part of the Shoulder.  Olecranus, 
the same that Anconaeus.  Olfactus, 
the same that Odoratus.  Oligophoros 
is a small Wine, with few Spirits.  Oligotrophia 
is a Decrease of Nutrition.  Oligotrophus 
is Meat that nourishes little, to which is opposed Polytrophus, that which affords much Nourishment.  Omentum, Reticulum, 
the Cawl, is a double Membrane spread upon the Intestines, interwoven with Fat and Vessels like a Fisher's Net, enriched also with two or three Glandules, annexed to the Stomach, the Gut Colon, and the Pancreas, and useful to cherish the Intestines with its warmth: It hath some milky and Lymphatic Vessels, as also a great many Ductus' and little Bags of Fat, concerning which see our Reformed Anatomy.  Omoplata, and Homoplata, 
the same that Scapula.  Omphalocele 
is a Rupture about the Navel, to wit, when the Cawl or Intestines are protuberant in that part: Which happens from a Relaxation, or bursting of the Peritonaeum, the inner rind of the Belly.  Omphalos, 
see Vmbilicus.  Onyx, 
see Vnguis.  Ophiasis 
is when the Hairs grow thin and fall off here and there, so that they leave the Head spotted like a Serpent.  Opthalmia 
is an Inflammation of the Tunics of the Eyes, proceeding from arterious Blood, collected and extravasated there, because it cannot return by the Veins.  Opiata, or Electuarium, 
is a Medicine taken inwardly, of a consistence like to those Opiates in the Shops, (treacle or Mithridate) and is made up into several Doses of several Ingredients mixed with Honey or Syrup.  Opiatum 
is a Medicine in form of an Electuary with Opiate mixed in it: As treacle, Mithridate, Diascordium, etc.  Opiologia 
is a Description of Opium.  Opisthotonus, or Tetanus, 
is a kind of Cramp, or stretching of the Muscle of the Neck backwards; which proceeds sometimes from a Palsy of the Muscles in the Neck, whereupon the Antagonists or opposite Muscles move the intermediate parts too much; or from a sharp and serous Matter in the Tendons; or from the Animal Spirits which enter the Fleshy Pipes more than is usual and will not easily recede, so that the parts are swelled and wrinkled up.  Opium 
is the condensed Juice of Poppies; the purest Opium is made of white Drops.  Opticus Nervus, or Visorius, the Optic Nerve 
is that which carries the visible Species from the Eye to the common Sensory. The Nerves of both Eyes proceed from the Thalami of the Optic Nerves, afterwards these Nerves come together, and as they enter the Scull separate again. Optica are Medicines against Distempers of the Eyes.  Orchis 
is a Testicle, whose Substance in Men is nothing else but a Contexture of very little Vessels which make the Seed: But it is quite otherwise in Women; where they are made of several Membranes and little Fibres loosely united to one another, betwixt which several white Bodies are found, which are there either naturally or preternaturally: The Testicles of Women breed Eggs, and therefore they are rightly called Ovaria. They are also called Testes, Colei.  Orchotomus 
is a Gelder: One who gelds Animals that they cannot copulate.  Orexis 
is a Natural Appetite of Meat, which proceeds from an acid Ferment in the Ventricles that comes from the Caeliac Arteries, with which the nervous Tunic of the Stomach and its Nerves are extraordinarily moved to covet Nourishment.  Organum 
is a part which requires a right and determinate and sensible Conformation to its constitution and the performance of its Actions; as an Arm, Muscle, Heart, etc.  Orgasmus 
is an Impetus and quick Motion of Blood or Spirits; as when the Animal Spirits rush violently upon the Nerves.  Oroboidcs 
is a subsiding in Urine, like to a kind of Pulse called Vetches.  Orthocolon 
is a preternatural Rectitude of a Joint.  Orthopnaea 
is an ill Respiration, when the Person affected cannot breathe but with his Neck erect.  Os, a Bone, 
is an hard, dry, and cold Substance, consisting especially of earthy and saline Particles, designed for the upholding of the Body, to render its Motion easy, and for a Fence for several parts. Some make their Number 249, others commonly 304, and others as many as the Days of the Year. Yet the number of them is uncertain, because the Bones of Infants differ from those of Adult Persons. Also because the Bones called Sesamoidea (see them in their proper place) and the Teeth are not determined to a certain number in old Men and Adult Persons. They are of different Shapes, some are round, others plain, acute, obtuse, hollow, spongy, solid, oblong, triangular, etc. A Nutshell is also called Ossiculum.  Oscitatio, Yawning, 
is a certain light convulsive Motion of Muscles which open the lower Jaw of the Face. Some look upon it as a light Motion whereby Excrementitious and Halituous Matter, which irritates the neighbouring parts, is expelled.  Oscula 
are the openings of Vessels at the end.  Osculum uteri 
is the Cavity where Conception is made and the Man's Yard enters; it is so small in Maids that it can only receive the bigness of a small Pen we use for Writing Tables, and you cannot thrust your least Finger into it by any means; the Courses flow out of it. It sticks out in the Vagina, and is like the Mouth of a Tench, or, as Galen will rather have it, like the Nut of a Man's Yard; it has a transverse cleft; in Virgins 'tis very small, but grows bigger in Women who have had many Children; if it be too much stretched, or exulcerated, covered over with a Scar, or too moist, Barrenness follows thereupon.  Osteologia 
is a Description of Bones.  Osteon, 
see Os.  Ostocopi, 
are Pains in the Bones, or rather in the Membranes and Nerves about the Bones: For Bones as such are insensible.  Otalgia 
is a Pain in the Ears, whencesoever it proceeds.  Otenchyta 
an auricular Clyster. Celsus calls it, Oegin. A little Syringe or Squirt which injects Medicines into the Ears.  Otica 
are Medicines against Distempers in the Ears.  Ovarium 
is a Woman's Testicle.  Oviductus, 
the same that Tuba Fallopiana.  Ouum 
is a sort of pain in the Head affecting a place about the bigness of an Egg.  Oxelaeum 
is a mixture of Vinegar with Oil.  Oxycratum 
is a mixture of Vinegar with Water, called Pusca or Posca.  Oxydercica 
are Medicines which quicken the Sight.  Oxygala 
is sour Milk.  Oxymel 
is a composition of Vinegar and Honey, like a Syrup.  Oxyregmia 
is an acid sour Belch from the Stomach.  Oxyrhodinum 
is Vinegar of Roses, mixed with Rose Water, or so.  ὈΣY NO'ΣHMA, 
the same that Morbus acutus.  Ozoena 
is an Ulcer in the inside of the Nostrils that smells ill.    


P.  PAchuntica 
are Medicines of a thickening nature, but withal cold, and full of thick and boughy parts, which if they are mixed with a thin Juice, by joining and stifning the Parts one with another, make a more Dense and firm Composition as , Mill-dust, Water-lillies, Almonds, Poppies, etc.  Paedotropica 
is a part of Hygrena that concerns the Management of Boys.  Palatum 
the Palate is the upper part of the Mouth, which because it somewhat resembles the upper part of an House, is thence called the Roof of the Mouth.  Palliatio, or Cura Palativa, 
is a Medicine which helps (as much as is possible) incurable Diseases by the Application of present Remedies.  Palindrome 
is a Disease into which one relapses.  Palma 
is the inside of a Man's Hand, which we call the Palm.  Palmus 
is a Shivering, or palpitation of the Heart, caused by a Convulsion, or Irritation of the Nerves; the cause whereof consists in the Blood or nervous Juice, or in the Water in the Membrane that covers the Heart.  Palpebrae 
are the Cover of the Eyes, made up of a Skin, a fleshy Membrane, Muscles, a Tunick, and another little Skin called Tarsus, with Hair upon the uppermost Skin: They are either the upper or the under Eyelids.  Palpitatio cordis naturalis, 
the natural Palpitation of the Heart, is in the Systole thereof, whilst the Cone and the Sides are pressed together, the Basis and the Roots of the Vessels, being blown up with the Blood that gathers there, grows big and swollen. It oft proceeds from an extraordinary Contraction of the Heart, or a thick and irritating Matter which sticks in the Heart.  Panacaea 
is a general sort of Physic for all Diseases indifferently; but I question if there be any such thing. Many People brag much of Tobacco, Tincture of the Sun, the Philosophers-stone, vitriolated Tartar, etc.  Panaritium, 
vid. Paronychia.  Pancaenus, 
vid. Pandemius.  Panchymagoga 
are purgative Medicines that expel all corrupt Humours.  Pancreas, the Sweetbread, Pancration, Pancreon, Callicreas, Callicreon, & Lactes, 
are all synonimous. It is a conglomerated Glandule in the Abdomen, placed behind the Ventricle, and fastened to the Gut Duodenum, and reaches as far as the Liver and the Spleen; the Use and Office thereof is to convey a volatile, Insipid, and Lymphatic Juice, or as others will have it (for 'tis a disputable Point) a something acid Juice, by its own Ductus to the Gut Duodenum, in order to a farther Fermentation and Volatilisation of the Chyle, and to attemperate and allay the Qualities of the Gall: It is the biggest Glandule in the whole Body, but bigger in a Dog than a Man.  Pandalea, 
as the modern Physicians call it, is the same with a solid Electuary, but that it remains entire, for the Sugar being rightly boiled is let grow hard; the Patient takes a piece of it like a Lambative; it only in the shape differs from Rolls and Morsels.  Pandemius 
is a Disease which is rife in some places or other.  Pandiculatio 
is a certain Dilatation and convulsive Distension of the Muscles, by which the Vapours that annoy them are cast off.  Panicus 
is a sudden Fear or Consternation.  Panniculus Carnosus 
is a fat sort of Membrane, in some parts thick and musculous; in other parts thin, with many Ductus' of Fat in it; it covers the whole Body.  Panus 
is a sort of Botch or Sore under the Armpits, Jaws, Ears, and Groins, to wit, in the Glandulous Parts. It is also taken for Phygethus.  Papillae Intestinorum 
are little Glandules wherewith the inmost Tunick of the Entrails is full, they soak in the percolated Chyle, and dispense it to the lacteal Veins.  Papilla 
is a red Excrescency in the middle of the Breast, in the Pores whereof are received all the milky Tubes or Pipes, proceeding from the Glandules of the Breasts.  Papillarum processus 
are the Extremities of the Olfactory Nerves, which convey the slimy, viscous Humours by the Fibres, which perforate the Os cribriforme to the Nostrils and Palate.  Papulae, vid. Pustulae, 
also a kind of small Pox. See Exanthemata.  Paracelsistica Med. 
vid Hermetica.  Paracentesis, or Punctio, 
is a Perforation of the Chest and Abdomen through a cuspidate Channel: It hapens in the Breast when it is stuffed with putrified Matter, or Water, and then there's a pricking in the side between the fifth and sixth Vertebre. It happens in the Abdomen, when it is swelled by a Dropsy near the white Seam in the Abdomen, in the Muscles that either ascend right or obliqne. If a Man be strong and has taken a Purge, and also his Lungs, and the rest of his Entrails be uncorrupted, when the Navel doth protuberate, don't look another way, for there you must make the Incision; don't let Purulency and Water come out both together, for that were to kill the Patient, but one after the other, as in seven days a pound, or a pound and an half as the Patient can endure it: After the Operation is finished, draw the Wound up with an astringent Plaster: If the inward Vessels and Passages be broke through this pricking, it's to no purpose to endeavour the Cure.  Paracheteusis, 
vid. Derivatio.  Paracmastica 
is a daily declining Fever, also declining Age.  Paracme, 
vid. in Acme.  Parachynanche 
is an Inflammation with a continual Fever and difficulty of Breathing, excited in the outward Muscles of the Larynx.  Paralysis 
is an Aboition of voluntary Motion, or Sense, or both, either in all the Body, or only some part. It comes by either an Obstruction, Obscission, Contusion, or pressing of the Nerves, or by an Indisposition, or ill Conformity of the Muscles.  Paramesus 
is the next Finger to the middle one, called the Ringfinger.  Paraphimosis 
is a fault of the Yard, when the Praeputium's too short; also a Narrowness and Contraction of the Womb.  Paeraphrenitis 
is Madness accompanied with a continual Fever through the Inflammation of the Midriff, with difficulty of breathing as the Ancients dreamed. But Dr. Willis has confuted this Opinion of it, and says the matter of it lies in the Cerebellum, whereby the Animal Spi-Spirits cannot flow, and thence the Midriff and Lungs are troubled.  Paraphrosyne 
is a slight sort of Doting in the Imagination and Judgement.  Paraphlegia 
is a Palsy which seizeth all the parts of the Body below the Head, through an Obstruction of the spinal Marrow.  Paraplexia, 
idem quod Paraplegia.  Pararythmus 
is a preternatural Breathing.  Parastatae, 
vid. Epididymis.  Parasananche 
is an Inflammation of the Muscles of the upper part of the Aesophagus with a continued Fever.  Paremptosis 
is a falling, as when Blood slides from the Heart into the great Artery.  Parencephalos, 
idem quod Cerebellum.  Perenchymata 
are Entrails by which the Blood passes for better Fermentation and Perfection, as the Lungs, Liver, Heart, and Spleen, etc. Sometimes Parenchyma is taken in a large Sense for all the Entrails.  Paristhmia, or Amygdalae, 
are two Glandules tied together by a broad slender Production, they have one common Cavity large and oval, opening into the Mouth; the Use they serve for is, to transmit a certain slimy or pituitous Matter into the Jaws and Mouth: They are called also Tonsillae.  Paronychia 
is a preternatural Swelling in the Finger's end very troublesome; it rises from a sharp, malign Humour; which can gnaw the Tendons Nerves, the Membrane about the Bone, and the very Bone itself.  Parotides 
are Glandules behind the Ears, also a preternatural Swelling of those Glandules.  Paroxysmus a Fit, 
is part of the Period of Diseases, whereby they increase and grow worse. It is either Ordinate, which returns at certain times, as in a Tertian Ague; or Inordinate, that has no certain time, but comes sometimes one day, sometims another, as the Erratic Ague.  Pars, a part, 
is a Piece of the whole serving each for their proper Uses. The Parts are either sensible or insensible, spermatick or bloody, similar, or the contrary; organical or inorganical, principal or inservient.  Partus 
is the bringing forth of a Mature Faetus, or Young, in natural Births. The Faetus having broken the Membranes, turns his Head forward, and inclining it towards the neck of the Womb, strives to get forth; the usual manner is after nine Months; yet I have known some at Amsterdam born at seven Months, who have lived to fifty or sixty.  Partus Caesareus 
is when Children are forced for want of Passage to be cut out.  Partus difficilis, 
idem quod Dystocia.  Parylis 
is an Inflammation, Rottenness, or Excrescency besides the Gums.  Passio, 
vid. Pathema.  Pastillum 
is a sweet Ball composed of sweet Dust, Wax, the Gum-Storax, and India-Balsam with a little Goats-flower and Turpentine; it serves for Swelling.  Patella, 
vid. Mola Genu.  Pathema 
is all preternatural Conturbation wherewith our Body is molested.  Patheticus 
is the Nerve of the fourth pair within the Scull, as Dr. Willis saith, though Fallopius reckons it one of the eighth pair.  Pathognomonicum 
is a proper separable Sign, which agrees only to such a thing, and to all of that kind, and tells the Essence of its Subject, and also lasts from the beginning to the ●nd; as in a true Pleurisy, there's always a continual Fever, hard Breathing, and Stitches, and a Cough.  Pathologia 
is a part of Physic that teacheth us the preternatural Constitution of a Man's Body.  Pathos, 
vid. Pathema.  Pectoralia pectoral Medicines, 
are such, as either by attenuating, or thinking, or allaying, render the Matter which causes coughing fit to be expectorated.  Pectus 
is the fore-most part of the Thorax reaching from the Neckbone down to the Midriff.  Pedicularis Morbus, 
vid. Phthiziasis.  Pedium, 
vid. Tarsus.  Pelicanatio Chymica, 
vid. Circulatio Chymica.  Pelidnus 
is a black and blue Colour in the Face, frequent in Melancholic Men.  Pelvis 
is the place at the bottom of the Belly, wherein the Bladder and Womb are contained.  Pelvis Aurium, 
vid. Cochlea.  Pelvis Cerebrs, 
vid. Choana.  Pelvis Renum 
is a membranous Vessel or Receptacle in either Vein, which receives the Urine and pours it into the Bladder.  Pemphigodes Febris 
is a Spotted Fever; some say a windy, a flatulent Fever.  Penis 
is the Yard, made up of two nervous Bodies, the Channel, Nut, Skin and Foreskin, etc.  Penis Muliebris, 
vid. Clytoris.  Pepansis 
is a rectifying and bringing to order of the vitiated and corrupt Humours.  Pepasmus 
is a Concoction, or rather a Fermentation, or ripening of preternatural Humours; which is twofold, One tends to an end, as in an Inflammation; the Other hath no Fermentation, as when it cannot conquer the Disease.  Pepasticum 
is a Medicine that allays and digests the Crudities.  Pepsis 
is the Concoction or Fermentation of the Humours and Meat in a Man's natural Constitution, as when Meat is turned into Chyle, and that into Blood.  Peracutissimus Morbus, 
vid. Acutus M.  Peracutus, 
vid. Acutus.  Perfecta Crisis, 
vid. Crisis.  Periamma 
is a Medicine which being tied about the Neck, is believed to expel Diseases, especially the Plague.  Periaptum, 
vid. Periamma.  Pericardium 
is a Membrane which surrounds the whole Substance of the Heart, and contains a Liquor in it to refrigerate the Heart.  Pericholus 
very Choleric.  Pericranium 
is a Membrane which infolds the Scull.  Perinaeum 
is the ligamentous Seam betwixt the Cod and the Fundament.  Periodus Morborum 
is the space betwixt the coming of fits of Sickness in intermitting Diseases.  Periodus Sanguinis 
is a continued Circulation of the Blood through the Body, which is thus. The Blood is carried out of the Arteries by Fibres, either of the Flesh or of the Entrails, or the membranous parts to the Mouths of the greater Veins. Now we say that those Fibres are terminated at the Mouths of the Veins, and implanted in them, as we see many other little Channels in the Veins; so the Blood, passing through these out of the Arteries, is presently sent to the Veins, that it may be carried back again to the right Ventricle of the Heart; and thence by an arterious Vein to the Lungs, in which after the Blood has been accended by some nitrous Particles, breathed in thither by the Air, it goes into the veinous Artery, thence into the left Ventricle of the Heart; which again empties itself into the Aorta or great Artery; so that the Body may be nourished and enlivened, it goes into every part of it.  Periosteum 
is a thin Membrane that encloses immediately the Bones, except a few.  Peripheria 
is the Circumference of the Body, or any Entrail thereof.  Periphimosis, 
vid. Phimosis.  Peripneumonia 
is an Inflammation of the Lungs accompanied with a sharp Fever, hard Breathing, a Cough, and an heavy Pain.  Perisistole 
is the time of Rest between the Contraction and Dilatation of the Heart.  Peristalticus Motus 
is a Crawling as it were of the Entrails, whereby the Excrements are voided. Also the motion of the Vessels whereby Humours, as Water, Chyle, the Blood, etc. ascend and descend.  Peristromata 
are the sick Man's Bed-clothes; also the Tunicks about the Entrails.  Peritonaeum 
is a Membrane which clothes the whole Abdomen on the inside, and its Entrails on the outside: It consists of two Tunicks.  Perittoma 
is an Excrement in the Body, lest after Digestion: Also the Relics of Diseases.  Pernio 
is a preternatural Swelling caused by the Winter Cold, especially in the Hands and Feet, which at last breaks out.  Perona 
is also called Fibula, because it joins the Muscles of the Leg, whence the first and second Muscle in the Leg is called Peronaeus. It is the less and slenderer Bone, which is fastened outwardly to the greater Bone of the Leg, called Tibia.  Peronaeus, 
vid. Perona.  Perperacutus, 
vid. Acutus.  Passarium 
is an oblong Medicine, which being made like the middle Finger, is thrust up into the neck of the Womb, and is good against several Diseases incident to it.  Pessulus, 
the same.  Pessus, 
the same.  Pestis the Plague, 
is an epidemic contagious Disease, arising from a poisonous and too much exalted Nitre in the Air, which secretly takes a Man, extinguisheth the Spirits, clods the Blood, deads' the sound parts, and is accompanied with Botches, Boils, and a train of other dreadful Symptoms.  Pestaloides 
is a sort of Urine which seems to have little Leaves or Scales in it.  Petechialis 
is a malignant Fever, called also Pulicaris, because it makes the Skin look as though it were Fleabitten.  Petia 
is Stuff that certain Physicians Bags are made of.  Petigo, 
vid. Lichen.  Petrosum Os 
is the inside of the Bones of the Temples, so called from the Hardness thereof.  Phacia, 
vid. Lenticula.  Phacoes 
is a Spot in the Face like a Nit, whence it is called Lenticula and Lentigo.  Phacotos 
is a Chirurgical Instrument.  Phenomaena 
are preternatural Appearances in the Body.  Phagadena 
is an exulcerate Cancer.  Phalacrosis 
is a falling off of the Hair.  Phalangosis 
is a fault of the Eyelids, when there are two rows of Hair, or when the Hair grows inward and offends the Eyes.  Phalanx 
is the Order and rank observed in the Finger-Bones.  Phantasia 
is an internal Sense or Imagination, whereby any thing is represented to the Mind, or impressed in it. It seems to be a certain Undulation, or waving of the Animal Spirits in the middle of the Brain, which are afterwards expanded towards its Circumference.  Phantasma 
is the same with Phantasia.  Pharmacum 
is any sort of Medicine against a Disease.  Pharmaceutica 
the same that Pharmaca.  Pharmacia 
is an art of collecting, choosing, and compounding Medicines: The Apothecary's Art.  Pharmacopaea 
is the Doctrine, or a Description of things physical in order to cure.  Pharmacopaeus 
is a Man that understands to make up Medicines; he is called the Right-hand of a Physician, and a Surgeon the left.  Pharyngetrum 
is sometimes used for the Pharinx, sometimes for the Bone Hyades.  Pharyngotomia, 
vid. Laryngotomia.  Pharynx 
is the upper part of the Gullet, consisting of three pair of Muscles.  Philtrum 
is the hollow dividing the upper Lip; also a Love-cup.  Phimosis, 
the same that Paraphimosis; also the Inversion of the Eyelids through an Inflammation.  Phleborragia 
is the breaking of a Vein.  Phlebotomia 
opening of a Vein.  Phebotomus 
the Blood-letter; also an Instrument called a Phleme.  Phlegma 
is a slimy Excrement of the Blood, caused often by too much nitrous Air: It is likewise a watery distilled Liquor, opposite to spirituous Liquor; also those Clouds which appear upon distilled Waters. Hypocrates uses it often for an Inflammation: It is also the Disease of Hens, called the Pip, and is sometimes taken for a viscous Excretion.  Phlegmagoga 
are Medicines to drive away the Phlegm.  Phlegmasia 
an Inflammation, Heat or Burning.  Phlegmatici 
those that are much troubled with Phlegm.  Phlegmone 
is a Tumour of the Blood in the Flesh or Muscles, causing Heat, Redness, Beating and Pain.  Phlegmonodes 
is an Inflammation like the former.  Phlogosis 
the same that Phlegmone.  Phlyctaena 
is a Pimple in the Skin; also a little Ulcer in the corneous Tunick of the Eye.  Phlyctenodes 
are hot watery Pustules, like the former.  Phaenygmus 
is a Medicine that makes the Skin red.  Phrenes, 
vid. Diaphragma.  Phrenesis 
the same with Phrenitis.  Phrentiasis 
the same.  Phrenetici Nervi 
are those which belong to the Midriff.  Phrenetis 
is a Dotage with a continual Fever, often accompanied with Madness and Anger, proceeding from too much Heat in the Animal Spirits, not from the Inflammation of the Brain, as the Ancients thought. Willis thus defines it, namely, an Inflammation of the whole sensitive Soul and Animal Spirits.  Phricodes 
is a dreadful Fever, whereby besides the Heat, Men fancy terrible things.  Phtharticum 
is a corrupting Medicine.  Phthirasis 
is the lousy Disease; also a skaly Scab of the Eyebrows.  Phthisicus, 
a Man in a Consumption.  Phthisis 
a Consumption of the whole Body, rising from an Ulcer in the Lungs, accompanied with a slow continued Fever, smelling Breath and a Cough.  Phthoe, 
the same.  Phygethlon 
is a Swelling proceeding from an Inflammation of the Glandules, wherein Nature expels something; as in the Plague about the Groins.  Phyma 
is a Swelling: There are five sorts, Verrucae, Calianax, Vari Farunculi, & Hydroa, or Desadationes. Of which in their order. Others reckon it a Tumour in the Glandules only, which quickly suppurates.  Phymatodes, 
like the former.  Physema 
an Inflammation in any part of the Body, as a Tympany; also the Rosine of the Pine.  Physesis, 
the same.  Physiognomica 
are Signs whereby we conjecture something by the Countenance.  Physiognomia 
is the Art of knowing Natures.  Physiologia 
is a part of Physic, that teaches the Constitution of the Body, so far as it is sound.  Physocele, 
vid. Pneumatocele.  Physodes 
that which is very flatulent.  Pia Mater, 
vid. Mater tenuis.  Pica, 
vid. Citta.  Picatio, 
vid. Iropacisinus.  Picra, 
vid. Hiera picra.  Pichrocholus 
a Man troubled with a black Bile.  Pilula 
is a solid Medicine, made like a little Ball of Powder, Gums, Extracts, etc. mixed with a glutinous Liquor.  Pili, the Hairs, 
are round, oblong, slender Bodies, consisting of much Sulphur and Earth; and of different Colours according to the difference of the Constitution: They grow out at the Pores of the Skin, that the vapours may may more easily exhale through them, as through so many little Tubes or Pipes. I have discovered through my Microscope several little Knots or Valves in them.  Pinealis Glandula, 
vid. Conarium.  Pinguedo, 
vid. Adeps.  Pinna Auris 
is the upper and broader part of the Ear, called the Wing.  Pittacium 
is a little Cloth spread with a Medicine, and applied to the part affected.  Pituita, 
vid. Phlegma.  Pituitaria Glandula, 
vid. Glandula pituitaria.  Pityriasis, 
vid. Fupfurratio.  Pityroides 
a settling in the Urine like Bran.  Placenta Vterina 
is a red Substance, like the Liver, full of Glandulous Kernels: It has an Artery and a Vein from the Navel-string, and perhaps lymphatic Vessels from the neighbouring parts; outwardly sticks to the Womb, to either side indifferently, yet more commonly to the middle; within it is covered with the Chorrium. It has its nourishing Moisture from the Porosities of the Womb, (as it happens with the Papillae of the Guts which drink in the Chyle and communicate it to the milky Vessels) which through the Navel-vein feeds the Young. The superfluous part whereof the Arteries lodge in the Ammion, that the Young may be nourished by its Mouth. The Placenta together with the Membranes is expelled after the Birth, and are called Secundinae, Secundines.  Pladarosis 
are little soft Tumours which grow under the Eyelids.  Plagula, 
vid. Splenia.  Planta Noctis, 
vid. Sudamina & Hydroa.  Plastica Virtus 
is that which can form or fashion any thing; it's an old saying and a sure Refuge of Ignorance, for what the Ancients could not explain they called a plastic Virtue.  Platisma 
is a broad Linnen-cloth put upon Sores.  Platysma Myodes, 
vid. Myodes.  Plectrum, 
vid. Cion.  Plenitudo 
is when a Man has too much Blood: The same that Plethora.  Plerotica 
are Medicines that breed Flesh and fill up Wounds.  Plethora, 
when there's more good Blood than's requisite. It happens either to the Vessels, when they are stretched out and cannot hold all; or to the Strength, for sometimes though the Vessels be not over full, the Strength is over loaded.  Plethoricus, 
a Man troubled with a Plethora.  Pleura 
is a Membrane that encloses the Breasts and its Entrails.  Pleuritis 
a Pleurisy, is a Inflammation of the Membrane Pleura, and the intercostal Muscles, attended with a continual Fever and Stitches in the Side, difficulty of Breathing, and sometimes spitting Blood, and it's either a true Pleurisy, this which we have described, or a bastard Pleurisy.  Pleuritis Notha 
a bastard Pleurisy, that differs in some things from the other.  Plexus choroides 
seems to hang over the pineal Glandule, as it were over a Button. It is an admirable Contexture of small Arteries in the Brain like a Net.  Plexus nervosus 
is when two or three Nerves meet together and jut out.  Plexus reticularis, 
vid. Choroides.  Plica 
is an epidemical Disease in Polonia, when their Hairs grow together like a Cow's Tail; besides, they are crook'd-backed, have lose Joints, it wrenches their Limbs and loosens them, breeds Lice, with other Symptoms.  Pleumaceola, 
vid. Splenia.  Pneumatocele 
is a windy Rupture, when the Skin of the Cod is distended with Wind.  Pneumatodes 
is a short Breathing.  Pneumatosis 
is the Generation of Animal Spirits, which is performed in the barky Substance of the Brain; the little Arteries there are emptied, and the Spirits distil, which after they are come as far as the middle of the Brain, they actuate and Invigorate all the Nerves.  Pneumatomphalus 
is a swelling in the Navel, got by Wind.  Pneumon, 
the Lungs.  Pnigalium, 
vid. Epialtes.  Pnigmus, 
Strangling or Choking.  Podagra, 
vid. Arthritis, the Gout in the Feet.  Pollutio nocturna 
is an involuntary Pollution in the Night, caused by lecherous Dreams.  Polychronius 
is a Disease that holds a Man many Years or Months.  Polygophora 
are Drinks or Wines full of excellent Spirits.  Polypus 
is a Swelling in the hollow of the Nostrils, and is twofold; either like a Tent, and goes by the general name of Sarcoma; or such a one that has a great many distinct Branches or Feet, which extend either to the outside of the Nose or the inside of the Mouth: Their Colour is white, oftentimes reddish, and sometimes black and livid. Excrescencies of this nature happen not only in the Nostrils, but sometimes in the Heart and in the Cavities of the thicker Membrane of the Brain.  Polytarcia, 
Corpulency.  Pompholigodes, 
Urine with many Bubbles upon it, which are frequent if the Body be puffed up or pained.  Pomum Adami 
is a Protuberance in the foreside of the Throat; so called, because 'tis commonly thought a piece of the Apple stuck in his Throat as part of his Punishment, and hence derived to his Posterity.  Pondo 
a Poundweight. Joh. Rhodius writes, That of all the Roman Weights and Measures, a Pound was the chief and Standard of the Rest.  Poplitea Vena, 
a Vein that consists of a double crural Branch, which being covered with Skin, reaches down the Back of the Leg even to the Heel.  Pori, Pores, 
are little unperceptible Holes in the Skin, through which Sweat and other vaporous Effluviums perspire through the Body.  Porocele 
is a Rupture proceeding from callous Matter, or the Stone.  Poromphalus 
is a brawny piece of Flesh, or a Stone protuberant in the Navel.  Porosis 
is the breeding of callous Matter.  Porotica 
are Medicines which by drying, thickening, and astringent Qualities turn part of the Nourishment into brawny callous Matter.  Porus bilarius, or Hepaticus, 
is a Channel which transmits' the Bile from the Liver, by the common Ductus or Passage, into the Gut Duodenum, which Bile is segregated in the Liver, by the Intervention of some small Glandules.  Porrigo, 
vid. Furfurratio.  Portae Vena, 
vid. Vena.  Posca, 
vid. Oxycratum.  Postbrachiale, 
vid. Metaca pus.  Potio, 
vid. Haustus.  Praecipitatio 
is a certain Subsiding and Reviviscence of very small Particles dissolved in a convenient Liquor, by the Infusion of another Liquor.  Praecordia 
are all the Entrails in the Chest, or Thorax.  Praefocatio Vterina, 
vid. Hysterica passio.  Praeparantia Med. 
vid. Digerentia.  Praeparantia vasa, 
the preparing Vessels, are Veins and Arteries which go to the Testicles and Epididymes (which see;) so called by the Ancients, thinking that they prepared the Seed: The Vein has several Branches and anastomosis; the Artery goes straight on, but for two, or at the most three Divisions, or Branches.  Praeputium 
is the foreskin, also the Prominency of the Clytoris.  Praesepia 
the holes of either Jaw, wherein are contained the Teeth.  Praeservatoria Indicatio 
is a way whereby we prevent Diseases.  Pregma, 
vid. Bregma.  Presbytia 
is a dimness of Sight in things nigh at hand, though a Man see tolerably well things at a distance: Usual with old Men.  Priapismus 
is a continual Erection of the Yard without Lust: Also the Yard itself.  Primores Dentes 
the foreteeth, wherewith we chaw our Meat, and which we show in laughing.  Principes dies, 
vid. Critici dies.  Principia, 
vid. Elementa.  Probole, 
vid. Apophisia.  Procatarctica 
is the pre-existent Cause of a Disease, which co-operates with others that are subsequent; whether it be external or internal, as Anger, or Heat in the Air, which beget ill Juice in the Blood, and cause a Fever.  Procatarxis, 
the same.  Processus, 
vid. Apophysis.  Processus Peritonaei 
are as it were two oblong Pipes or Channels, reaching to the Skin of the Cod through the Holes of the Tendons of the obliqne and transverse Muscles, in which Productions, or Didymi, as the Ancients called them, the seminary Vessels descend and return towards the Stones they grow under and cover them.  Procidentia Any, 
is a falling of the Gut Rectum by reason of too much looseness through the Fundament.  Procidentia uteri, 
is a relaxing of the inner Tunick of the Vagina of the Womb, which falls through the Privities, and was cut off by Physicians: Formerly, and even still some think the Womb may fall down, but the Ligaments of the Womb hinder any such fall.  Procondyli 
are the Bones of the Fingers next the back of the Hand.  Prodromus 
is a Disease that comes before a greater, as the straitness of the Breast predicts a Consumption, or the Rickets.  Productio, 
vid. Apophysis.  Proegumena 
is an antecedent internal Cause of a Disease in the Body occasioned by another, and so causing the Disease, that if it be taken away, the Disease may still continue; as a Plethora, or ill Juice in the Blood, produced by an ill way of Diet, whence proceeds an Obstruction of Vessels and Passages, and a Constipation of the Entrails.  Prognosis & Signa prognostica 
are Signs whereby we know what will become of the Patient.  Projectura, 
vid. Apophysis.  Prolabia 
the outmost prominent parts of the Lips.  Prolapsus uteri, 
vid. Vteri prolapsus.  Prolepticus 
is a Disease always anticipating; so as if the Ague come to day at four of the Clock, then to Morrow one Hour sooner, and so on.  Prophasis 
is a Foreknowledge in Diseases; also an Occasion or antecedent Cause.  Prophylactica 
is a part of that part of Physic called Hygieina, (or what respects the Preservation of Health) which gives notice of future but imminent Diseases.  Prophylaxis, 
the same.  Propoma 
is a Drink made of Wine and Honey, or Sugar.  Propotisma 
is the taking a Dose.  Proptosis 
is the falling down of some part, as of the Eye, the Caule, etc.  Prospheromena 
are Meats or Medicines taken inwardly.  Prosphysis 
is a Coalition, or growing together, as when two Fingers are connected to each other.  Prostatae, Adstantes, or Corpora glandulosa, 
are two Glandules under the seminal Bladders, near the Passage of the Seed, which (as may be guessed) Lubricitates the common Passage of the Seed and Urine, and is a Vehicle to the seminal Matter, and are said to provoke the Titillation in Coition: Their Moisture being conveyed by certain little Tubes, which terminate in the Passage near where the Seed is ejected, is emitted at the same time with it: The Learned Bartholine has observed some such thing in Women.  Prostethis 
is the fore-side of the Breast; also a fleshy part in the Hollows of the Feet and Hands, and betwixt the Fingers.  Prostesis 
a part of Surgery which fills up what is wanting; as we see in hollow and fistulous Ulcers filled up with Flesh by Chirurgery.  Protopathia 
is a primary Disease, not caused by another.  Protuberantia, 
vid. Apophysis.  Provocatorii Dies, 
see Critici Dies, and Intercalares.  Pruna, 
see Carbunculus.  Pruritus, the Itch, 
is a dry Unevenness of the Skin caused by Saline fixed Particles, pricking the Skin, and kept in by others more retentive which cannot exhale.  Psammismus, 
a Bath of dry and warm Sand, wherewith the Feet of Men in the Dropsy are dried.  Psammodea 
are sandy and gravelly Matter in the Urine.  Psammos, 
a Gravel which breeds in men's Bodies, and is voided in Fits of the Stone.  Psilothron 
is a Medicine wherewith Hairs are either taken out of the Body, or thinned, if they be extreme rough.  Psoas 
are Muscles of the Loins, which proceed from about the two lowermost Vertebres of the Thorax, and the three uppermost Vertebres of the Loins or Flank: They descend obliquely upon the Rotator minor of the Thigh, and bend the Thigh.  Psora 
is a wild Scab that makes the Skin Scaly.  Psoriasis 
is a dry itching Scab of the Cod, which is often accompanied with an Exulceration.  Psorica 
are Medicines against the Scab.  Psorophthalmia 
is an itching Scab of the Eyes.  Psyctica 
are cooling Medicines.  Psydracia, 
according to Paulus and Alexander, are little Ulcers of the Skin of the Head, like those which are wont to burn the Skin. Celsus says, they are an hard sort of Pustle something whitish, and acute, out of which is squeezed a moist Matter.  Psydraces, 
according to others, are little Pustles or Pimples, which break out upon the Skin, like Bubbles, by reason of the Winter cold.  Psylothrum, 
see Psilothron.  Ptarmica, or Sternuta loria, 
are those things which being endowed with a more piercing Acrimony than their Errhinaceous Medicines, do so extremely irritate and shrivel up the Membranes of the Brain, that it sends forth the pituitous Humour at the Nostrils in an extraordinary Measure.  Pterna, 
see Calx.  Pterygium 
is the Wing or round Rising of the Nose or Eye, or the Process of the Bone Sphenoides which is like a Wing. Also a membranous Excrescence above the horny Tunic of the Eye, called Vnguis and Vngula, growing for the most part from the inner corner towards the Apple of the Eye, and often obscuring it: Also the Nymphae of a Woman's secret Parts.  Pterygoides 
are the Processes and Muscles of the Wedg-like Bone.  Pterystaphylini 
are Muscles of the piece of Flesh in the Roof of the Mouth called Gargareon, which proceed from the Wing-like Processes, and are terminated in the sides of the Wula, or Gargareon.  Ptylosis 
is when the Brims of the Eyelids being grown thick the Hairs of the Eyebrows fall off.  Ptisana, 
Ptisan, is a Decoction of Barley husked, Liquorish, Raisins.  Ptyalismus 
is a too great Spitting.  Ptyalon 
is Spit, or that Matter which is brought up from the Lungs by Coughing; for Saliva (which we English Spittle too) properly signifies the Moisture which is excerned by the Ductus Salivales.  Ptysma, 
see Ptyalon.  Pugillus 
is an handful of any Herbs. Others interpret it as much as may be taken up with three Fingers.  Pulmones, the Lungs, 
are Organs of Respiration. The Famous Malpighius makes the Substance of the Lungs (excepting the Nerves, a few Vessels, and the Branches of the Windpipe) to be nothing but an Heap of little Bladders, the contexture whereof is so ordered, that there's a Passage into them from the Windpipe, and into one another; till they all open into the Membrane which clothes the Lungs. The use of the Lungs is to breathe withal, and to mix and accend the Blood with the Nitre they suck in.  Pulpa 
is the fleshy part of Fruits, Roots, or other Bodies, which is extracted by Infusion or Boiling, and passing through a Sieve: As the Pulp of Tamarinds, Cassia, Althaea, Dates, etc.  Pulsus, the Pulse, 
is the immediate Index of the Heart, by the mediation whereof the Blood is diffused through the whole Body, and is differently affected thereby according to the different Influx of the Animal Spirits; the Motion whereof is chief to be attributed to the circular and direct Fibres. Others affirm it to be the Dilatation and Contraction of the Heart and Blood. A Pulse is either natural or preternatural; of the former we have spoken already; the latter is such as is different according to the different Circumstances of the Fibres and Animal Spirits, to wit, strong, weak, swift, slow, equal, unequal, intermittent, etc.  Pulvilli, 
the same with Splenia.  Pulvis, 
see Species.  Punctum lachrymale, 
see Lachrymale punctum.  Punctum saliens, 
in the growth of an Egg you see a little Speck, or Cloud as it were, in the innermost Tunic of it, called Amnios', which growing gradually thicker, acquires a kind of slimy Matter, in the middle whereof you see first this Punctum saliens (a little Speck that seems to leap;) afterward the rude Body of an Embryo, just like a shapeless kind of Maggot; which tends every Day more and more to Perfection.  Pupilla, or Pupula, 
is the opening of the Tunic of the Eye, called Wea or Choroides; it is round in Man, and is wont to be contracted or dilated like a Muscle, according to the different Influx of the Animal Spirits.  Pupula, 
see Pupilla.  Purgantia, 
Purging Medicines are those, which by reason of a peculiar disposition of their parts irritate the fleshy Fibres of the Ventricle, which become swollen and consequently contracted at the right end, so that the whole Substance of the Stomach is drawn up together and inclined towards the Pylorus, whence follows an Excretion downwards.  Purgatio, Purging, 
is an Excretory Motion quick and frequent, proceeding from a quick and orderly Contraction of the carneous Fibres of the Stomach and Intestines; whereby the Chyle, and Excrements, and corrupted Humours, either bred or sent there from other parts, are protruded from part to part, till they be quite excluded the Body.  Pus, 
see Pyon.  Pustulae, Pimples, 
are the Recrements of ill Blood that shoot forth in the Skin, and for want of Perspiration, or too viscous a Matter, stick there and cause an unequal Surface.  Putrefactio Chymica, 
is the Dissolution of a concrete Body, by natural Rottenness, in a moist Heat which corrupts the very Substance of it, and penetrates its most intimate Parts.  Pyon, or Pus, 
is putrified Blood concocted into white Matter.  Pycnosis, 
see Pycnotica.  Pycnotica, 
see Incrassantia.  Pyelos, 
see Choana.  Pylorus, or Janitor, 
is the right Orifice of the Ventricle, which sends the Meat out of the Stomach.  Pyosis 
is a Collection of Pus in any pa●● of the Body.  pyramidals Musculi 
are placed in the Abdomen, and lie upon the lowest Tendons of the right Muscles. They are not parts of the right Muscles, as Vesalius and Columbus are of opinion, but distinct, as Falopius proves, though with some pertinent some impertinent Arguments. The peculiar Membrane wherewith they are clothed, and the order of their Fibres, show them to be different from the right Muscles. They proceed from the external Os Pubis, and the higher they climb the narrower they grow, and end about the Navel in the white Seam; sometimes they are wanting, or the left is less than the right, or the right than the left.  Pyramidalia 
are Vessels which prepare the Seed, of which in their proper place. Also Muscles of the Nostrils and of the Abdomen called pyramidals, or of a Pyramidical Figure. Also two Strings of Marrow about the Basis of the oblongated Marrow.  Pyretologia, 
is a Description of Fevers: Of which Dr. Willis has writ most accurately.  Pyrotechnia, 
the same that Chymia.  Pyrotica, or Vrentia, 
are Medicines virtually hot, which being applied to Human Bodies, grow extremely hot; because that having Particles and Pores so ordered, that Vapours and Humours insinuating into them, the subtle Matter finds such Passages, that it being moved extreme violently, forces certain earthy, hard, and acute Particles, which slote in the Passages, upon the neighbouring parts with great Impetuosity, and so excites an Heat which corrupts, or changes differently, according to the diversity of its Motion, and the Particles which are moved. Such are things that cause Redness, that blister, that ripen or rot, that close up and bring Wounds to a Crust, and that pull Hairs out of the Body.  Pyulcus 
is an Instrument wherewith Pus, or corrupted Matter, is evacuated.  Pyxis 
is the Cavity of the Hipbone, which is called Acctabulum.    


Q.  QVadrans, 
Physicians reckon a Weight of three Ounces, that is the fourth part of a Roman Pound.  Qualitas 
is a Disposition or Contexture of little Particles, whence our Bodies may be any way denominated of such a Quality. Quality is manifest, hidden, poisonous, contagious, Pestilent, etc.  Quartana febris intermittens, a Quartan Ague, 
which the Ancients called Saturn's Daughter. It is at this Day a Scandal to Physicians, because it is so hard to be cured by those who follow the old way. It is a preternatural Effervescence of the Blood, which attaques a Man every fourth Day, and then leaves him. It is caused by an acid austere Blood, and nutritious Juice hindered in its Assimilation.  Quartarium, 
the same that Quadrants.  Quid pro Quo 
is when a Medicine of one Nature and Quality is substituted for another, which is not to be done without the consent of Physicians.  Quinta Essentia, 
see Essentia quinta.  Quotidiana febris intermittens, an intermitting Quotidian Ague, 
is that which returns every Day, and proceeds from crude Blood and an ill Assimilation of Chyle.    


R.  RAbdoides, 
the same that Sutura Sagittalis.  Rabbis Hydrophobica, 
see Hydrophobia.  Rachitae and Rachiaei 
are Muscles belonging to the Back.  Rachitis, 
see Rhachitis.  Radicales dies, 
see Critici dies.  Radius 
is the less Bone of the Cubit, called Focile minus; it is more obliqne than the great Bone called Vlna, and is distant a little from it in the middle, where there occurs a small Ligament: Above the Vlna receives the Radius, and below the Radius receives it. The upper part of the Radius is jointed with the outward Process of the Arm by Diarthrosis (which see); the lower by way of Appendix with the wrist Bone at the middle Finger. It's upper end is small, and the lower thick. It is also the greater Bone of the Leg.  Ramex, 
see Hernia.  Ranula, 
see Hypoglossum.  Ralph, 
see Sutura.  Rarefacientia, 
rarifying Remedies, are such as by dissipating a little the Vapours and Humours make the Pores of Bodies larger.  Rasetta, 
the same that Carpus.  Raspatorium, or Scalprum Rasorium, 
is a Surgeons Instrument to scrape or shave filthy and scaly Bones with.  Raucedo, 
the same that Branchus.  Recidivus morbus, a Relapse, 
is when the morbific Matter, that was left in the first Distemper, gins to work and ferment again.  Rectificatio 
is a repeated distillation of Liquors, to exalt and purify them the more.  Reduvia 
is a certain light Cleft or Chap in the Skin at the Roots of the Nails.  Refrigeratorium 
is a wooden Vessel, full of Water with a straight or spiral Pipe in it of Tin or Lead, which distilled Water is to flow through to cool it.  Regius morbus, 
see Icterus.  Relaxantia, 
see Chalastica.  Relaxatio 
is a Dilatation of Parts or Vessels.  Reminiscentia, Remembrance, 
is a Perception whereby the Ideas of things before perceived, and impressed upon the Mind by Sensation or other Perception, are again offered and represented to the Soul, by the Mediation of Animal Spirits, in the common Sensory; either by their former Footsteps and Images impressed upon the Brain, or by some Words or other Signs which awakened and stirred them up. Or Reminiscence is an arbitrary drawing out of things, which were before impressed upon the Brain, for its own use.  Remissio Febrium, a remitting of Fevers, 
is a boiling down of hot and overboiling Blood, which is Absolute in intermittent Fevers, and but Partial in continued ones.  Renes, the Reins or Kidneys; 
there are two of them in the Abdomen, placed under the Liver and Spleen; the right Kidney is lower in a Man than the left: They are chief made up of little Channels, or Conduits, which arise from the Glandules that lie about the Extremities of the Arteries, whence they receive the Serum, which passes on to the Carunculae Papillares, or little pieces of pappy Flesh, to the Pelvis, (or Basin) to the Ureters, the Bladder, and so out of Doors.  Renes succenturiati, 
see Capsulae atrabilariae.  Repellentia 
are such things as by stopping the Heat and Afflux of Humours, and by shutting up the Pores with their cold or binding Qualities, decrease the swelling of a part, and drive the Humours another way.  Res naturales, 
Natural Things are three; Health, the Causes of Health, and its Effects. Others reckon seven, as the Elements, Temperaments, Humours, Spirits, Parts, Faculties, Actions; but Elements and Temperaments belong to natural Philosophy; Humours, Spirits and Parts are reckoned amongst the Causes of Health, which consist of a good Temperature and a due Conformation; Faculties and Actions are comprehended under the Effects of Health.  Res non naturales, 
Things that are not Natural are Six: Air, Meat and Drink, Motion and Rest, Sleep and Waking, the Affections of the Mind, Things that are let out of, and Things retained in the Body. They are so called, because that if they exceed their due Bounds, they often occasion Diseases.  Res preter Naturam, 
things beside Nature are Diseases, their Causes, their Symptoms and Effects.  Resolventia, 
dissolving Remedies are such as are apt to dissipate or scatter Particles, that are driven into the Body or any part of it, with their own spirituous and sulphureous Particles.  Respiratio, Breathing, 
is an alternate Dilatation and Contraction of the Chest, whereby the nitrous Air is taken in by the Windpipe for the accension of the Blood, and by and by is driven out again with other vaporous Effluviums. The Cause of Respiration does not seem to consist in the Dilatation and Contraction of the Thorax, as is commonly thought, but in the Contraction of the Tunic which covers the upper part of the Oesophagus and the Windpipe as far as its Closest Recesses.  Rete mirabile, 
the wonderful Net, in the Brain, is so called by reason of its admirable Structure; it consists of several small Arteries; it is under the Basis of the Brain, and comprehends the pituitary Glandule, by the sides of the Bone Ophenoides: The Use of it is, that the Blood may cast off its serous parts into the pituitary Glandule, that it may afford finer and purer Spirits: Secondly, lest the Blood by rushing too suddenly upon the Brain, should in some measure suppress it; it is not so found in a Man and an Horse, which perform noble things.  Reticularis plexus, 
the same that Choroides.  Reticulum, 
the same that Omentum.  Retiformis plexus, 
see Plexus retiformis.  Retiformis tunica 
is a certain Expansion of the inner Substance of the Optic Nerve in the Eye, which is to the Eye like a whited Wall in a dark Chamber, which receives and represents the visible Species that are let in by a hole in a darkened Room.  Retina tunica, 
see Retiformis and Amphiblestroides.  Retorta, a Retort, 
is a Chemical Vessel, made of Glass, Stone, or Iron; of a round Figure, to the side whereof there is fastened a bended, retorted, and hollow Beak or Nose, whereby the things that are to be distilled are put in and out.  Reverberatio chymica 
is a Burning, whereby Bodies are calcined by an actual Fire in a Furnace called Reverberium.  Reverberium 
is a Chemical Oven or Furnace, wherein Bodies that are to be burned or distilled are calcined.  Revulsoria, 
V S. is whereby the Blood that gushes upon one part is diverted a contrary way, by the opening of a Vein in a remote and convenient place.  Rhachitis 
is the Spinal Marrow, which see in its proper place: Also a Disease common amongst the English, which is an unequal Nourishing of parts accompanied with Looseness of parts, Softness, Weakness, Faintness, Drowzyness, a great swelling Head, with Leanness below the Head, with Protuberances about the Joints, Crookedness of Bones, Straitness of the Breast, Swelling of the Abdomen, Stretching of the Hypochondres, a Cough, etc. The English call it the Rickets: But because the occasion of it often lies in the Spinal Marrow, the Famous Glisson calls it appositely enough Rhachitis.  Rhagades, the Latins say Soissurae, Eissurae, Rimae, Chinks, Clefts, 
which as they happen in other parts of the Body, Hands, Feet, Lips, the entrance of the Womb; so they may happen in the Fundament, in the Extremity of the Gut Rectum, and in the Sphincter or Muscle which closes the Fundament. Rhagades in the Fundament are certain oblong little Ulcers, without Swelling, like those which are sometimes occasioned in the Hands by great Cold. Some are superficial, others deep: Some are not hard nor callous, others are: Some are moist and send forth Matter, others dry and cancrous.  Rhegma 
is a Breaking or Bursting of any part, as of a Bone, the inner Rind of the Belly, the Eye, etc.  Rheuma, Rheum, 
is a Defluxion of Humour from the Head upon the parts beneath, as upon the Eyes, or Nose.  Rheumatismus 
is a wand'ring Pain in the Body, often accompanied with a small Fever, Swelling, Inflammation, etc.  Rhexis, 
the same that Rhegma.  Rhinenchytes 
is a little Syringe to inject Medicines into the Nostrils.  Rhodinum 
is Rose-Vinegar, or any thing made of Roses.  Rhomboides 
is a pair of Muscles proceeding from the three lowermost Vertebres of the Neck, and as many upper Spinal Processes of the Vertebres of the Back: By and by they descend, and being fleshy at the beginning and end, go as far as the Basis of the Shoulderblade, which they move backward and obliquely upward.  Rhyptica 
are scouring Medicines which cleanse away Filth.  Rhythmus 
is a certain proportion of Pulses, Time, Life, Age, etc.  Rhythidosis 
is a Wrinkling of any part.  Rigour 
is a Vibration and Concussion of the Skin and Muscles of the whole Body, accompanied with Chillness.  Rima pudendi, or Fissura magna, 
is so called, because it reaches from the lower part of the Os Pubis almost as far as the Fundament, so that the space betwixt the one and the other, which is called Perinaeum, or Interforamineum, is scarce a Finger's breadth. By frequent Coition it grows larger. The use of it is for Generation, Excretion of Urine and other Excrements, and for the bearing of Young.  Risus Sardonius 
is a Contraction of each Jaw.  Rob, 
see Apochylisma.  Robub, 
the same.  Roriferus ductus, 
the same that Ductus chyliferus.  Ros, 
in the account of the Ancients, was the first Moisture that falls from the Extremities of Vessels, and is dispersed upon the Substance of the Members. Ros, says Galen, is a third sort of Moisture whereby the parts of our Body are nourished, and is contained in all the parts of an Animal, like a certain Dew sprinkled upon them: This is the Opinion of the Ancients.  Rosa, 
the same that Erysipelas.  Rostriformis processus, 
see Coracoides.  Rotator major & minor, 
are two Apophyses in the upper part of the Thighbone, called Trichanteres, in which the Tendons of many Muscles are terminated.  Rotula, 
the same that Mola genu.  Rotulae, 
see Tabellae.  Rubrica, 
see Impetigo.  Ructatio, Belching, 
is a depraved Motion of the Stomach, occasioned by an Effervescence there, whereby Vapours and flatulent Matter are sent out at the Mouth. And it is either acid, or stinking, or savours like something burnt or roasted.  Ructus, 
see Bombus and Ructatio.  Rugitus 
is an Effervescence of Chyle and Excrements in the Blood, whereby Wind and several other Motions are excited in the Guts, and roll up and down the Excrements, when there's no easy Vent nor upwards nor downwards.  Ruptio, 
see Rhegma.  Ryas 
is a too plentiful and preternatural falling of Tears.    


S.  SAccus 
is the Gut called Rectum.  Sacculus Chyliferus, or Roriferus, 
is the lower part of the Passage of the Chyle, into which are inserted all the Lacteal Veins of the second sort, and a great number of the Lymphatic Vessels.  Sacculus Cordis, 
see Pericardium.  Sacculi Medicinales, 
are▪ when several Simples, according to the Nature of the Disease, are compounded and beaten together, and tied up in a little Bag, to be applied to the part affected. The Bag is to be sewed or quilted down in several places, that the Ingredients run not altogether in a Lump.  Sacer Ignis, 
see Herpes Exedens.  Sacer Morbus, 
see Epilepsia.  Sacrum Os, the Holy Bone, 
consists of the six lower Vertebres, to which are joined the Ossa Coccygis, or Hippolito Bones; in the hinder part of the Abdomen it makes that Cavity which is called Pelvis or the Basin.  Sagittalis Sutura, or Veruculata, 
is that Suture of the Scull, which gins at the Coronal or Crown Suture, and ends in the Lambdoidal Suture.  Saliva & Salivum, Spittle, 
is an insipid Liquor, which being separated in the Maxillar Glandules or Glandules of the Jaws, and by proper Passages flowing into the Mouth, serves to moisten its Mouth and Gullet, and assists to the chewing of Meat, and in some measure to the Digestion and Fermentation of it in the Stomach.  Salivatio, Salivation, 
is an Evacuation of Spittle by Salivating Medicines, of which sort principally are Mercurial Preparations. Salivation is sometimes taken for a preternatural Increase of Spittle.  Salvatella, 
is that Vein which from the Veins of the Arm is terminated in the little Finger.  Sanguificatio, 
see Haematosis.  Sanguis, Blood, 
is a red florid Liquor contained in the Veins and Arteries, and consists of all those parts of the Chyle which pass through the Papillae, the little soft rise of the Intestines. This is that which gives Nourishment, Life and Strength to all the parts of the Body. The Microscope discovers that the parts of the Blood are round or globular naturally, but that in Fevers 'tis full of Worms.  Sanies, 
is a thick and bloody Pus, or Matter.  Sanitas, 
see Hygieia.  Sapa, 
see Apochylisma.  Saphaena 
is the Vein of the Leg, or Crural Vein.  Saphatum 
is a dry Scurf in the Head, see Anchor.  Saponea 
is a Lambitive made of Almonds.  Sapor, 
see Gustus.  Sarcocele 
is a Rupture, which consists in a fleshy Excrescence of the Testicles.  Sarcoma 
is a fleshy Excrescence.  Sarcomphalum 
is a fleshy Excrescence of the Navel.  Sarcophagum, 
see Cathaereticum.  Sarcosis, 
see Sarcoma.  Sarcotica 
are those Medicines which fill up Wounds with Flesh, such as by their moderate Heat and cleansing qualities keep Wounds and Ulcers free from Filth and preserve the natural temper of the Parts, so that the Aliment easily supplies the Solution of the Parts.  Sare, 
see Essere.  Satyriasis, sive Priapismus, 
is an immoderate desire of Venery, which upon Coition vanishes. 'Tis taken sometimes for the Leprosy, because in that Disease the Skin acquires the Roughness of a satire: 'Tis likewise used for the Swelling of the Glandules behind the Ears.  Satyriasmus, 
see Satyriasis.  Scabies, the Itch: 
'Tis of two sorts, moist and dry; the Moist is an inequality or roughness of the Skin with moist and purulent Pustles, accompanied with a constant Itching; the Dry Itch is fourfold Pruritus, Impetigo, Psora, and Lepra, which see.  Scalenum, 
is that pair of Muscles which extend the Neck. They are perforated to make way for the Veins and Arteries, and the Nerves of the hinder part of the Neck as they go to the Arm.  Scalpellum Vmbilicarium, 
is the Knife with which the Midwife cuts off the Navels of Children.  Scalprum Chirurgicum, 
a Lancet.  Scalprum Rasorium, 
see Raspatorium.  Scamnum Hypocratis, Hypocrates' Bench, 
is an Instrument of six els long, 'tis used in setting of Bones.  Scapha, 
is the Inner Rim of the Ear.  Scaphoides, 
is the Third Os Tarsi in the Foot, 'tis joined to the Ancle-Bone and the three hinder Bones: 'Tis called also Os Naviculare from some resemblance it has of a Boat.  Scapula, 
see Homoplata.  Scarificatio, Scarification, 
'tis an Incision of the Skin with a Penknife or Lancet: This is done either with or without Cupping-Glasses; without Cupping-Glasses if there be any Mortification or Gangrene, because the Separation is by all means to be hastened; with Cupping-Glasses, if there be a necessity of taking away Blood.  Sceletum, a Skeleton, 
is when the Bones are dried and put together according to Art in their natural Order and Position.  Scelotyrbe, 
is a wand'ring Pain in the Legs, proceeding chief from the Scurvy. Hence the Water proper for this Distemper is called Aqua Scelotyrbitis.  Schesis, 
is the Disposition of the Body.  Schetica febris, 
is opposed to the Hectic Fever, because it is seated mostly in the Blood and is easily cured, but a Hectic Fever is fixed in the very Habit of the Body, and not to be removed without great difficulty.  Schisma, 
a Cut in any part either hard or soft.  Schiatica, 
see Arthritis.  Schirrosis, 
see Schirrus.  Schirrus & Schirroma, 
is a hard, livid Swelling, that resists the touch and is without Pain.  Scleriasis, 
is a Hardness of any part.  Scleroma, 
the same.  Scleropthalmia 
is a hard Blearedness of the Eyes accompanied with Pain, a slow Motion of the Eyes, with redness and dryness of 'em.  Sclerotica, 
see Cornea.  Sclerotica, or hardening Medicines, 
are such as unite the parts more firmly amongst themselves, and that either by dissipating the thin and soft parts, or else sometimes by retaining them; the first by hardening the Matter into a Schirrus by too hot Medicines, the latter is done when the part affected acquires a Hardness by cooling and astringent Medicines, such are Sengreen, Nightshade, Porcelan, and Water-Lintels. Therefore these Sclerotic Medicines are either healing, or else cooling and astringent.  Scleruntica, 
the same with Sclerotica.  Scoliasis, 
is a Distortion of the Backbone to one or t'other side.  Scolopomachaerion, 
is a Surgeon's Knife, with which Wounds of the Thorax are widened; 'tis used also in opening larger Swell; as also in opening the Abdomen.  Scorbutus, the Scurvy, 
is a Disease that is Epidemial to the Hollanders. The Symptoms of it are generally, livid Spots on the Hands and Feet, weakness of the Legs, stinking Breath, looseness of the Teeth, bleeding of the Gums, Convulsions, Pains, running Gout, Colic, etc. This is of two kinds, either Salino-Sulphureus, when the Sulphur is predominant to Salt; or Sulphureo-Salinus, when the Salt is predominant to the Sulphur; this is likewise either in the Blood or nervous Juice.  Scriptulus, 
see Scrupulus.  Scotoma, 
the same with Scotomia.  Scotomia, Dizziness or Swimming of the Head, 
is when the Animal Spirits are so whirled about that the External Objects seem to run round.  Scrobiculus Cordis, 
see Anticardium.  Scroptula, 
are preternatural hard Glandules, or preternatural Swell of the Glandules of the Neck and Ears; they are contained in a proper Tunic.  Scrotum, the Cod, 
is a Bag which contains the Testicles of the Male, it consists of a Skin fleshy Panniculus, the two Tunics Erythrois and Elythrois. In the middle of it is a Line extended in the length, which divides the right part from the left. For more easy Distension or Contraction 'tis void of Fat.  Scrotum Cordis, 
see Pericardium.  Scrupulus, a Scruple, 
it is the third part of a Drachm and contains twenty Grains.  Scutiforme Os, 
see Mola Genu.  Scutiformis Cartilago, 
see Ensiformis.  Scutum, 
see Mola Genu.  Scybala, 
are Sheep's, or Goats, etc. Buttons, or Excrement.  Scypho, 
is the Infundibulum in the Brain: Likewise those Passages which convey the Spittle from the Os Cribriforme to the Pallat.  Sectio Caesaria, 
see Hysteratomotocia.  Secundinae, 
the Secundine, or Afterbirth, are the three Membranes, Chorion, Alantois, and Amnion, which with the Placenta, are excluded after the Birth.  Sedimentum Vrinae, 
the Sediment of Urine, are parts of the nutritious Juice, which being separated from the Blood, with the Serum, because of their gravity, sink to the bottom of the Urine.  Sella Equina, seu Turcica, 
it is compounded of four Processes of the Bone Sphenoeides, or Wedg-like Bone; it contains the Pituitarian Glandule, and in Brutus' the Rete Mirabile.  Sella Sphenoeidis, 
the same with Sella Equina.  Sella Turcica, 
the same.  Semeiosis, 
see Diagnosis.  Semeiotica, 
is that part of Physic which treats of the Signs of Health and Sickness.  Semen, Seed, 
is a white, hot, spirituous, thick, clammy, saltish Humour, which is made out of the thinnest parts of the Blood in the Testicles and Epididymides, and by proper Passages is ejected into the Womb of the Female. There is also in the Female a Matter which is called Seed, which proceeds from the Prostates, and frequently in their Lechery is emitted forth: The use of this is to raise Titillation, and render the Coition more pleasant.  Semicupium, 
is a Bath in which the Patient is only up to the Navel in Water.  Sensorium Commune, or the Seat of common Sense, 
is that part of the Brain in which the Nerves from the Organs of all the Senses are terminated, which is in the beginning of the Medulla Oblongata.  Sensus, Sense, 
is when the Motion impressed by the outward Objects upon the Fibres of the Nerves is conveyed, by the help of the Animal Spirits in the Nerves, to the common Sensory or Medulla Oblongata.  Sephyros, 
is a hard Inflammation of the Womb.  Septa, 
the same with Septica.  Septica, sive Putrefacientia, 
are those things which by a malignant Heat and sharpness rot and corrupt the Flesh.  Septum Lucidum, 
is a Partition, upon the account of its thinness Diaphanous, which distinguishes the Ventricles of the Brain.  Septum Transversum, 
see Diaphragma.  Serpigo, 
see Lichen.  Serapium, 
see Syrupus.  Serra, 
a Saw.  Serum, 
is a watery, thin, yellowish, and saltish Humour, which consists chief of Water, with a moderate quantity of Salt and a little Sulphur: The Use of it is to be a Vehicle to the Blood.  Sesamoeidea Ossa, 
are 16, 19, 20, and sometimes more little Bones, so called from the likeness they have to Sesamum Seeds, which are found in the Joints of the Hands and Feet.  Setaceum, 
is when the Skin of the Neck is taken up and run through with a Needle; and the Wound afterward kept open by Bristles, a Skean of Silk, etc. that so the ill Humours may vent themselves.  Sextans, 
is the sixth part of a Pound, containing two Ounces.  Sialismus, 
see Ptyalismus.  Sialochus, 
see Ptyalismus.  Sialon, 
see Sielos & Saliva.  Sideratio, 
see Spacelos.  Sief Album, 
see Collyrium.  Sigmoides, 
are the Apophyses of the Bones, representing the Letter C of the ancient Greeks. Also the three Valves of the Great Artery that hinder the Blood from returning back to the Heart.  Signum Morbi, 
the Symptom of a Disease.  Siliqua, 
is half a Lupin, of which six weigh a Scruple. This is to be understood of the Seed contained in it.  Similares parts, 
Similar Parts, are such as are throughout of the same Nature and Texture.  Simplicia, Simples, 
are Medicines unmixed and uncompounded.  Sinapismus, 
is a Medicine applied to the Head, and is prepared of Mustard, wild Radish, Salt, and Leven.  Sinciput, 
the sides of the Head.  Singultus, 
see Lygmus.  Sinus Meaning is, 
are those Cavities which Galen calls the Ventricles of the Thick Membrane. The first and second, or the lateral Sinus', are seated between the Brain and the Cerebellum, and end in the Vertebral Sinus'. The third gins from the Os Cribiforme, and ends in the middle of the former Sinus'. The fourth arises from the Pinealis Glandule, and ends in the middle of the lateral Sinus'. The Insertion of these Sinus' is called Torcular Herophili. The Sinus' after they have passed through the Skull, are partly continued with the Jugular Veins, and partly descend through the whole length of the Spinal Marrow down to the Os Sacrum. The Use of them is to supply the place of Veins, for they convey the Blood from the Brain and Cerebellum, partly into the Jugular Veins, and partly into the Vertebral Sinus'.  Sinus Ossium, 
are those Cavities of the Bones which receive the Heads of other Bones.  Sircasis, 
is an Inflammation or rather great Heat of the Brain and its Membranes, occasioned by the heat of the Sun: This is frequent in Children, because of the thinness of their Skulls.  Sirones, 
are a sort of Pustles which arise in the Palms of the Hands and Soles of the Feet, and contain in them a very little sort of Worms or Lice.  Sitis, Thirst, 
is a Defect of the Salival Juice which occasions the fancy and desire of Drink.  Solutio chymica, 
is a resolving any Body into its Chemical Principles; which are, Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Water and Earth.  Solutio continui, 
is a Dissolution of the Unity and Continuity of the Parts: As in Wounds, Ulcers, Fractures, etc.  Somnambulo, 
see Noctambulo.  Somnifera, or Sleeping Medicines, 
are such which consisting of faetid Sulphureous parts, dissipate and extinguish the Animal Spirits, and hinder their increase, whence follows Sleep.  Somnus, Sleep, 
is a straightening of the Pores of the Brain, caused by the Rest of the Animal Spirits, by which means the outward Senses rest from their Operations.  Somnolentia continua, 
is a constant Drowsiness and Inclination to Sleep; this comes to pass when the Pores of the outward or Cortical Substance of the Brain are quite closed up by some viscous Matter, so that the Animal Spirits cannot freely pass.  Spagyrica Medecina, 
see Hermetica.  Sparadrapum, 
is a piece of Linen tinged of both sides, either with a thick Ointment, or Plaster, and is made this way; after you have melted your Ointment, or Plaster, dip your Linen in it; extend it and keep it for use.  Sora, 
see Essere.  Sparganum, 
see Fascia.  Sparganosis, 
is a Distension of the Breasts, occasioned by too much Milk.  Spasma, 
see Spasmns.  Spasmodica, 
are Medicines against Convulsions.  Spasmologia, 
is a Treatise of Convulsions.  Spasmus, 
is any Convulsive Motion. Cardan makes two sorts of Convulsive Affections, viz. Tetanus and Spasmus; by the former he understands a constant Contraction, whereby the Member becomes rigid and inflexible; by the latter he understands sudden Concussions and Motions, which cease and return alternately.  Spatha, 
is an oblong Instrument, broad at the lower end: Its Use is to take up Conserves and Electuaries without fouling the Hands.  Spathomela, 
is an oblong Instrument, made of Silver or Iron, which Surgeons and Apothecaries use.  Species, or Powders, 
are those Simples which are designed to make Compounds with. So Species of Treacle are those Ingredients of which Treacle is compounded: By the same Name are called the Species of ordinary Decoctions. This Name is chief given to some Aromatic and Purging Powders: Perhaps because heretofore they were made up into Electuaries, Bolus', &c.  Specifica Medicamenta, 
are those Medicines which have a peculiar Virtue against some one Disease.  Specillum, 
a Probe.  Speculum lucidum, 
see Septum Lucidum.  Speculum Oculi, 
the Apple or Pupil of the Eye: see Aranea Tunica Oculi.  Speculum Oris, 
see Dilatatorium.  Spermaticae Parts, 
are those Arteries and Veins which bring the Blood to and convey it from the Testicles: Likewise those Vessels through which the Seed passes: Likewise all whitish parts of the Body, which because of their whiteness were anciently thought to be made of the Seed: Of this sort are Nerves, Bones, Membranes, Grissles, etc.  Spermatocele, 
a Rupture caused by the Contraction of the Vessel which ejects the Seed, and its falling down into the Scrotum.  Sphacelodes, 
like to the Apoplexy.  Sphacelus, 
is a sudden Extinction of Life and Sense in every part.  Sphagitides, 
are the Jugular Veins in the Neck.  Sphenoeides, 
see Sphenois.  Sphenois, 
see Os Cuneiforme.  Sphenopharyngaeus, 
is a pair of Muscles arising from the Sinus of the inner Wing of the Os Cuneiforme, or Wedg-like Bone, and going obliquely downward, is extended into the sides of the Gullet; it dilates the Gullet.  Sphincter, 
is a Muscle that contracts the Gullet, Anus, Bladder, etc.  Sphygmica, 
is that part of Physic which treats of Pulses.  Sphygmus, 
the Pulse.  Spina Dorsi 
are the hinder Prominences of the Vertebrae's.  Spina Ventosa, 
is an Ulceration in which the Bones are eaten by a malignant Humour without any pain of the Periostium, or Membrane that covers the Bone, after that a Swelling being risen without any Pain, the part affected is quite eaten out with the Ulcer, from whence frequently follows a necessity of Amputation.  Spinalis medulla, 
see Medulla spinalis.  Spiritus, Spirits, 
are reckoned of three sorts, the Animal Spirits in the Brain, the Vital in the Heart, the Natural in the Liver; but late Authors distinguish'em only into two kinds, the Animal in the Brain, the Vital and Natural (which are accounted the same) in the Mass of Blood. The Animal Spirits are a very thin Liquor, which distilling from the Blood in the outward or Cortical Substance of the Brain, are by the proper Ferment of the Brain exalted into Spirits, and thence through the Medullar Substance of the Brain, the Corpus Callosum, and Medulla Oblongata, are derived into the Nerves and Spinal Marrow, and in them perform all the Actions of Sense and Motion. The Vital or Natural Spirits, are the subtlest parts of the Blood which actuate and ferment it, and make it fit for Nourishment.  Splanchnica, 
are Medicines proper against Diseases of the Intestines.  Splanchnon, 
see Intestina.  Splen, five Lien, the Spleen, 
is a Receptacle for the Salt and earthy Excrements of the Blood, that there, by the assistance of the Animal Spirits, it may be volatilised, and returning again into the Blood may concur to its farther Fermentation. The Spleen consists of a great number of little Bladders, between which the Glandules are scattered up and down and supply the place of Veins: The Spleen has likewise an Artery, Nerves, and Lymphatic Vessels, first discovered by Fr. Ruisch. It's very like the Sole of the Foot, and in Cows is exactly like a Beefs Tongue.  Splenia, 
are Bolsters made of Linen, three, four, or five times doubled, even to the thickness of the Spleen, they are used upon Wounds, Ulcers, and Fractures. The Figure is threefold according to the manner of Application, viz. at length, obliquely, or transversely: They are called also Plumaccoli and Plagulae.  Splenica, Splenical Medicines, 
are such as by attenuating and volatilizing the grosser parts, remove the Distempers and Obstructions of the Spleen.  Splenii Musculi, 
arise partly from the five lower Vertebrae's of the Neck, and partly from the points of five of the upper Vertebrae's of the Thorax; the Fibres of these Muscles tend obliquely, and are fastened to the hinder part of the Head: The Use of 'em is to draw the Head backward.  Spongoeidea Ossa, 
see Cribroformia.  Sporadici morbi, 
are those Diseases which (different in Nature) seize several People at the same time, and in the same Country.  Sputum, 
Liquor thicker than ordinary Spittle.  Squammosa Sutura, 
see Lepidoides.  Stagma, 
are Juices of Plants mixed together in order to Distillation.  Stalagma, 
is that which is distilled from the Stagma.  Staltica, 
see Sarcotica.  Stapes, 
see Incus.  Staphyle, 
see Cion.  Staphyloma, 
is a Disease of the Eye, in which the two Tunics of the Eye Cornea and Wea, being broken, fall outward in the shape of a Grape.  Status Morbi, 
see Acme.  Steatocele, 
is a Rupture or Tumour in the Scrotum of a Fatty or Suet-like Consistence.  Steatoma, 
is a preternatural Swelling, which consists of a Matter almost like Suet, of the same Colour throughout, soft, and though not easily yielding to the touch, yet suddenly returns, the Fingers removed, to its proper shape and bigness.  Stegnosis, 
is a Constriction and stopping up of the Pores.  Stegnotica, 
see Astringentia.  Stercus, 
is that Excrement which is voided by Stool; it consists of those parts of the Aliment and Bile which is unfit for Nourishment.  Sterilitas, 
see Agonia.  Sternum Os, the Breastbone, 
is joined to the Ribs in the foremost part of the Breast; it consists of 3 or 4 Bones, and frequently in those that are come to ripeness of Age grows into one Bone; to this is joined in the lower part of it the Cartilago Ensiformis.  Sternohyoides, 
is that pair of Muscles which from the uppermost part of the Breastbone, goes outwards and ascends up to the Basis of the Os Hyoeides.  Sternothurocides, 
is a pair of Muscles of the Cartilago Scutiformis which draw it downward; this arises from the uppermost and inward part of the Breastbone, and is inserted into the lower side of the Cartilago Ensiformis.  Sternutatio, Sneezing, 
is a forcible driving out of the Head some sharp Matter which vellicates and disturbs the Nerves and Fibres: 'Tis defined likewise an involuntary Motion of the Brain, which also contracts the Muscles of the Thorax and Abdomen, to the intent that the Matter which vellicates the Nostrils and Brain may be driven out.  Stigma, 
a Scar.  Stoma, the Mouth, 
as also the Mouths of any Vessels.  Stomachus, 
is properly the left Orifice of the Ventricle, or Stomach, by which Meats are received into it. To this part descend Nerves from the par Vagum, and intercostal Nerves, and are mixed and woven with one another.  Strabilismus, 
see Strabismus.  Strabismus, Squinting, 
is occasioned by the Relaxation, Contraction, Distorsion, too great Length, or too great Shortness of the Muscles which move the Eye.  Strabositas, 
see Strabismus.  Sternutatorium, five Sternutamentum, 
a Sneezing Medicine, or Snuff.  Stillicidium Vrinae, 
see Stranguria.  Stranguria, the Strangury, 
is a difficulty of Urine, when the Urine comes away by Drops only, accompanied with a constant Inclination of making Water.  Stratificatio, 
is a corroding of Metals by corrosive Powders. The Operation is performed in this manner: Put first in the bottom of the Crucible some of the corroding Powder; then some of the Metal you are to corrode beaten into thin Plates; then some of the Powders, and upon them some more Plates of your Metal, and so on till the Crucible be full; then make Ignemrotae, or a Fire round your Crucible to the top, or else place it in a Reverbatory, according as the Operation shall require.  Struma, 
see Scrophula.  Stryphna, 
see Astringentia.  Stupefacientia, 
see Narcotica.  Stupea, seu Stupa, 
is a piece of Linen dipped in a Liquor, and applied to the part affected.  Stupor, 
Numbness.  Stylocer athoeides, 
are the Muscles of the Os Hyoeides which draw upwards: They arise from the outward Appendix of the Os Styliforme, and are extended to the Horns or Points of the Os Hyoeides.  Styloglossum, 
is that pair of Muscles which lift up the Tongue; they arise from the Appendix of the Os Styliforme, and are inserted about the middle of the Tongue.  Styloeides, 
are Processes of Bone fashioned backward like a Pencil, fastened into the Basis of the Skull itself.  Stylopharyngaeus, 
is a pair of Muscles that dilate the Gullet, descending from an Appendix of a Bone in fashion of a Pencil, and which reaches the sides of the Gullet.  Stymma, 
is that thick Mass which remains after the steeping of Flowers, Herbs, etc. and pressing out their Oil.  Styptica, 
see Astringentia.  Subcartilageneum, 
see Hypocondrium.  Subeth Avicennae, 
see Coma.  Sublimatio, 
is a dry Extract, consisting of the more subtle parts raised above the Mass, and sticking to the Sides and Neck of the Vessel.  Sublaxatio, 
a dislocation, or putting out of Joint.  Subsidentia, 
see Sedimentum.  Succago, 
see Apochylisma.  Succedaneum, 
see Antiballomenon.  Succenturiati Renes, 
see Capsulae atrabilariae.  Succus Pancreaticus, 
see Ductus Pancreaticus.  Sudamina, 
are little Pimples in the Skin, like Millet Grains; this is frequent in Children and Youths, especially those that are of a hot Temper, and use much Exercise: They break out in the Neck, Shoulders, Breast, Arms and Thighs, and mostly about the Privities.  Sudationes, 
the same with Sudamina.  Sudor, Sweat, 
is a watery Humour which consists of Water chief with a moderate quantity of Salt and Sulphur: This is driven through the Pores of the Skin by the Heat and Fermentation of the Blood, and sometimes by its Weakness and Colliquation.  Sudorifera, 
see Hydrotica.  Suffimentum, 
the same with Suffitus.  Suffitus, 
is a thickish Powder, prepared of odoriferous Plants, Gums, etc. which thrown upon Coals produces a pleasant Smell.  Suffocatio Vterina, 
see Hysterica passio.  Suffumigium, 
see Suffitus.  Suffusio, 
see Hypochyma & Cataracta.  Sugillata, 
see Enchymoma.  Sugillatio, 
see Enchymoma.  Summitates, 
the tops of Herbs.  Supercilium, 
see Cilium.  Superfoetatio, 
is when after one Conception another succeeds, so that both are in the Womb together: Sennertus makes mention of frequent Cases of this Nature.  Superpurgatio, 
see Hypercatharsis.  Supplantalia, 
are Plasters applied to the Feet; these for the most part are made of Leven, Mustard, wild Radish, Salt, Soap, Gunpowder, etc.  Suppositorium, a Suppository, 
it is compounded of Honey, Salt, and Purging Powders.  Suppuratio, 
see Abscessus.  Sura, 
the same with Os Fibulae.  Sutura Ossium, a Suture 
is the Juncture of Bones (of the Scull) like the Teeth of Saws meeting together.  Sutura, 
is a Connexion of the Sides or Lips of a Wound: This is of two sorts, Actual, which is done with a Needle of a triangular point, a Pipe, or Cane, and waxed Thread, first in the middle of the Wound you must sew it together with a double Thread, and having made a knot, cut it off; the rest of the Wound must be sewed up with a single Thread; care must be taken that the Stitches are not set too wide, nor too close, especially not too close, that there may be room for any corrupt Matter bred in the Wound to work out: The other sort of Suture is much like the way that Skinner's use to sew Skins together; this is proper in Wounds of the Intestines, and in Cuts of the Veins and Arteries.  Sycosis, 
is an Excrescence of the Flesh about the Fundament. 'Tis also an Ulcer so called from the resemblance of a Fig; this is of two kinds, one hard and round; the other soft and flat: Out of the hard issues a very small quantity of glutinous Matter; out of the Moist proceeds a greater quantity, and of an ill Smell: These Ulcers grow in those patts only which are covered with Hair; the hard and round chief in the Beard, the moist for the most part in the Scalp.  Syderatio, 
see Apoplexia.  Symbebecota, 
are Accidents which happen to those that are well, to distinguish 'em from Symptoms which happen in Diseases.  Symmetria, 
is a good Temper.  Sympasma, 
see Phaenigmus.  Sympepsis, 
is a Coction of those Humours which are growing into an Imposthume.  Symphysis, 
is the Joining of two Bones of which neither has a proper distinct Motion: This is either without any Medium, or else with it, as with a Cartilege or Gristle, a Ligament or Flesh.  Symptom, 
is a preternatural Disposition of the Body occasioned by some Disease: This is either a Disease caused by another Disease; or else the Cause of a Disease proceeding from another Disease; or else simply a Symptom: This last is either some Action of the Body hindered or disturbed, some fault of the Excrement, or change of the natural Temper.  Synactica, 
are Medicines that contract any part.  Synaitia, 
see Continens causa.  Synanche, 
is a sort of Squinancy, which quite stops the Breath; or a preternatural Inflammation of the Muscles of the Jaws.  Synarthrosis, 
is a joining of Bones by a Gristle.  Synch●ndrosis, 
is the joining of Bones by a Gristle.  Synchysis, 
is a preternatural Confusion of the Blood or Humours in the Eye.  Syncope, 
is a sudden Prostration or Swooning with a very weak or no Pulse, and a Depravation of Sense and Motion.  Syncritica, 
are relaxing Medicines.  Syndesmus, 
see Ligamentum.  Syndrome, 
is a Concurrence of several Symptoms in the same Disease.  Synedrevonta, 
are common Symptoms which accompany the Disease; and yet neither flow from the Nature of the Disease, nor are necessary Concomitants of it; but do notwithstanding signify the Greatness, Continuance, etc. of the Disease.  Synocha, 
is a continued intermitting Fever; this lasts for many days with a great Heat, sometimes Putrefaction of the Blood: It is either quotidian, tertian, or quartan.  Synochos, 
is a continued Fever without any Intermission or Abatement of the Heat, which continues for many days: This is either Simple, or accompanied with Putrefaction.  Syntasis, 
is a preternatural Distension of the parts.  Synteretica, 
is that part of Physic which gives Rules for the Preservation of Health.  Syntexis, 
is a Consumption and Colliquation of the Body, in which first the Flesh is wasted, and afterward the Substance of the more solid parts.  Synthesis, 
is either the Frame and Structure of the whole Body; or more strictly the Composure of the Bones.  Synulotica, 
see Cicatrisantia.  Syringa, a Syringe, 
is an Instrument which is used in injecting Liquors into the Fundament, Womb, Ears, etc.  Syringomata, 
are Surgeon's Knives which they open Fistula's with.  Syringotomia, 
is the Incision of the Fistula.  Syringotomus, 
the same.  Syrupus, 
Syrup.  Sysarcosis, 
is the connexion of Bones by Flesh.  Sysygia, 
is the Natural Temper.  Systema, 
the same that Synthesis.  Systole, 
is the Contraction of the Ventricles of the Heart, whereby the Blood is forcibly driven into the great Artery.    


T.  TAbella, 
is a solid Medicine taken inwardly, made of Powder, and three or four times as much Sugar, dissolved in a convenient Liquor, boiled to the Consistence of a Syrup, and made into little round Cakes upon a Marblestone.  Tabes, 
see Atrophia.  Tabes dorsalis, 
a Consumption in the spinal Marrow, most incident to Lechers, and fresh Bridegrooms; they are without a Fever, eat well, and melt or consume away: If you ask one in this Disease an account of himself, he will tell you, that there seem so many Pismires to fall from his Head down upon his spinal Marrow; when he eases Nature either by Urine or Stool, there flows thin liquid Seed plentifully; nor can he generate, but when he sleeps, whether it be with his Wife or no; he has lascivious Dreams. When he goes or runs any way, but especially up à steep place, he grows weak and short breathed, his Head is heavy, and his Ears tingle: So in progress of Time being taken with violent Fevers; he dies of a Fever called Lipyria, wherein the external Parts are cold, and the internal bourn at the same time.  Tabula, 
see Tabella & Morsuli.  Tabum, 
is a thin sort of Matter that comes from an ill Ulcer.  Tactus, 
the Touch, is a Sense whereby the tactile Qualities of Bodies are offered to the common Sensory (and there perceived) by the different motion of Nerves diffused through the whole Body, the Skin being intermediate: Or Touch is the Sense of a thing touched, offered to the common Sensory by the Nerves, the Skin being intermediate, and there perceived.  Talpa, 
is a Tumour, so called, because that as a Mole (in Latin Talpa) creeps under ground; so this feeds upon the Scull under the Skin: It may be referred to the Species of Atheromas; which see.  Talparia, 
the same that Talpa.  Talus, 
see Astragalus.  Taraxis, 
is a Perturbation of the Humours of the Eye, the Stomach, or the Entrails.  Tarsus, 
is a cartilaginous Extremity of the Eyelids, whence the Hairs spring, called Cilium. Also eight backward Bones of the Foot, ordered like Grates.  Tecmarsis, 
is a Conjecture at Diseases.  Telephium, 
is the same Ulcer with Chironia, which see; it is so called from Telephus, who was a long time troubled with this Disease.  Temperamentum, Temperament, 
is a Quality that results from the Union and Mixture of Elements: See Crasis.  Temperies, 
see Crasis.  Tempus, the Temple, 
is a lateral part of the Scull in the middle betwixt the Ears and Eyes, where Cephalick Plasters are applied for the Toothache, and Headache.  Tendo, a Tendon, 
is a similar nervous part annexed to Muscles and Bones, whereby the voluntary Motion of the Members is chief performed: The generality of Surgeons scarce ever distinguish betwixt a Tendon and a Nerve.  Tenesmus, Tenasmus, 
is a continual Desire of going to Stool, yet attended with an Inability of doing any thing, but bloody slimy Matter.  Tentigo, 
see Priapismus.  Terebrum, 
see Modiolus.  Teredum, 
the same that Caries.  Teretrum, 
see Modiolus.  Tergum, 
see Dorsum.  Terminthus, 
is a swelling in the Thighs with a black Pimple at the top, as big as the Fruit of the Turpentine-tree.  Terra mortua, 
is the earthy part that remains after Elixivation, destitute of all active efficacious Qualities.  Tertiana Febris intermittens, a Tertian Ague, 
is an Effervescence of the Blood every third day, which with its various Symptoms, comes exactly at a set time. The Cause of it is Nitro-sulphureous Blood; and it is either a true Tertian or a spurious.  Testes Muliebres, 
see Orchis.  Testes viriles, 
Mens Testicles, consist of several small Vessels wherein the Seed is generated: It is covered on the outside with several Tunicks.  Testes Cerebri, 
are two backward Prominences of the Brain, called Testes, from the likeness they have to Testicles: They are bigger in Men than in Brutes.  Testudo Cerebri, 
see Fornix.  Testudo, 
is a soft, large Swelling, or not very hard, in the Head, broad, in form of an Arch or Tortoise, from which Resemblance it takes its Name. At the beginning it grows like a Chest-nut, afterwards like an Egg, wherein is contained a soft Matter clothed with a certain Tunick (whence some refer this sort of Tumour to Meliceres, which see) which sticks so close to the Scull, that many times it infects and corrupts it.  Tetanus, 
is a constant Contraction, whereby a Limb grows rigid and inflexible. The Cause of it is, sometimes a Relaxation or Palsy in some other Muscles, which when they are relaxed, the opposite Muscles act too strongly, so that they draw the part wholly to themselves, which ought to consist as it were in an Aequilibrium betwixt both: Yet sometimes such a permanent Contraction may proceed, from the Tendons being loaded and obstructed with serous Matter, which thereupon grow rigid and stiff: This Distemper is frequent in the Scurvies, that the Patient can extend neither Joint nor Limb: The Tendons in the Back are sometimes contracted into a round globular Form, which by reason of such an Afflux of Humours upon them, draw the Bones out of their due place, and cause an hunched Back, or a stooping and bending of it: It is usually distinguished into Universal, of which there are three sorts, Emprosthotonos, Opisthotonos, and Tetanoes, properly so called; and Particular, which respects a certain Member, or a particular Joint.  Tetrapharmacum, 
is a Medicine consisting of four Ingredients, as Vnguentum Basilicum.  Theorema, 
see Theoria.  Theoretica, 
see Theoria.  Theoria, 
is the speculative part of Physic; whence Theorema, a Speculation, and Theoretica, those things which belong to the speculative part of Physic.  Therapeutica, 
is that part of Physic which delivers the Method of Healing.  Theriaca, 
treacle, is a Medicine that expels Poison.  Therioma, 
is a wild cruel Ulcer, like Carcinoma, which see.  Thermae, 
are natural Baths.  Thermantica, 
are healing Medicines.  Therminthus, 
see Terminthus.  Thermomethron, 
is natural Heat, which is perceived by the Pulses.  Thlipsis, 
is a Compression of Vessels.  Thorax, or medius Venture, the Chest, 
is all that Cavity which is circumscribed above by the Neck-bones, below by the Diaphragme, before by the Breastbone, behind by the Back-bones, on the sides by the Ribs; it is of an Oval Figure, contains the Heart and Lungs, and is covered on the inside with a Membrane called Pleura. Hypocrates and Aristotle took all that space from the Neckbone to the very Secrets, both the middle and lowermost Cavity, for the Thorax.  Thorexis, 
is the drinking of a generous Wine, which warms the Breast.  Thrombus, 
is the Coagulation of Blood or Milk into Clots or Clusters.  Thymiama, 
see Suffitus.  Thymus, 
is a Glandule in the Throat, which separates the watery Humour, called Lympha, from the Blood, and empties it by the Lymphatic Vessels. It is also a fleshy Tumour that hangs upon the Body like a Wart, of a Colour like the Flower of Time, whence it has its Name.  Thyroarytaenoides, 
is a pair of Muscles that proceed from the Cartilege called Scutiformis, and extending themselves forward to the Sides of the Arytaenoides (the fourth and fifth part of the Larynx) serve to contract and close the opening of the Larynx.  Thyroidaeae Glandulae, 
are two, of a viscous, solid, bloody Substance, wonderfully adorned with Vessels of all sorts, and hard Membranes, almost of the bigness and shape of an Hen's Egg, situate about the lower seat of the Larynx, at the sides of the Cartilages of the Thorax, Cricoides, and some first rings of the Windpipe, upon which Parts they immediately lie; yet so as they may be easily separated, unless where they stick something obstinately, about the beginning and the end; Nature has placed them in those parts, that they may warm them when cold, receive superfluous Moisture, and contribute to the Ornament of the Neck.  Thyroides, 
is the Cartilege, called Scutiformis, of the Larynx: Also the Hole of the Os pubis.  Tibia, the Leg, 
is the part betwixt the Knee and the Ankle. It consists of two Bones: One outward, called Focile minus; another Inward and larger, which has usurped the Name of the whole, and is called Tibia, Focile majus others call it, & Canna major. The upper end has a Process which is received by a Cavity in the Thigh, and two oblong Cavities to admit the Heads of the Thighbone, the Depth of which Cavities is increased by a Cartilege that is annexed thereunto by Ligaments: This Cartilege is movable, soft, slippery, moistened with an unctuous Humour, thick in its Circumference, and smaller towards the Centre, whence it is called Lunata, made like an Halfmoon; there are rugged sharp Ligaments before, which Increase the Lunary Cartilages. The fore part, which is acute and long, is called Spina: There is below a prominent and gibbous Process in the inner side, nigh the Foot, and is called Malleolus externus; one of the Ankle-bones.  Tinctura, a Tincture, or Elixir, 
is the Extraction of the Colour, Quality, and Strength of any thing.  Tinea, 
if running Sores in the Head full of little Holes, called Achores, continue long, or be too slowly or ill cured, they grow into Tineas, crusty stinking Ulcers of the Head, which gnaw and consume its Skin; therefore it is deservedly reckoned amongst the Diseases of Children, but when they are a little grown; for though Adult Persons are sometimes troubled with this Disease, yet they contracted the Rudiments and Seeds of it in their Infancy. It is called Tinea, which signifies a Moth, from those little Worms which eat and consume Clothes; because those Ulcers pray upon the Skin of the Head, as those Animals upon Clothes. What the Greeks called this Distemper is not so obvious.  Tinnitus Aurium, 
is a certain Buzzing or tingling in the Ears, proceeding from Obstruction, or something that irritates the Ear, whereby the Air that is shut up is continually moved by the beating of the Arteries, and the Drum of the Ear is lightly verberated, whence arises a Buzzing and Noise.  Tometica, 
the same that Attenuantia.  Tomotocia, 
the same that Hysterotomia.  Tonica, 
are those things which being externally applied to and rubbed into the Limbs, strengthen the Nerves and Tendons.  Tonotica, 
the same that Tonica.  Tonicus, 
the same that Tetanus.  Tonsillaes, 
see Paristhmia.  Tophus, 
is a stony Concretion in any part.  Topica, 
are Medicines applied outwardly, as a Plaster, Cataplasm, etc.  Topinaria, 
the same that Talpa.  Torcular Herophili, 
is that place where the four Cavities of the thick Skin of the Brain are joined.  Tormina alvi, 
the same that Colica Passio.  Toxica, 
are poisonous Medicaments, wherewith Barbarians use to anoint their Arrows.  Trachea, 
the same that aspera Arteria.  Trachoma, 
is a Scab, or Asperity of the inner part of the Eyelid.  Trageae, 
differ not from Powders, but that the Ingredients whereof they are prepared, are not beat so small: And they are applied externally to the Body, either put to or resolved into Smoak, or they are put into a Linen Bag, and then into Wine or other Liquor, that they may communicate their Strength and Qualities to it. Yet sometimes they are compounded of some sort of Antidotes, or Counterpoisons, and other odoriferous things, and of simple Medicines reduced into a Powder, with an Addition of Sugar. In the making these, they commonly take one Ounce of Sugar to every Dram of Ingredient, especially those which are bitter and unpleasant.  Tragema, 
the same that Tragaea.  Tragus, 
is the extreme Brim of the Ear.  Traulus and Traulotes, 
is a Stammering, or fault in pronouncing the Letters L and R.  Trauma, 
see Troma.  Traumatica, 
are those things, which being taken in Decoctions and Potions, fetch the serous and sharp Humours out of the Body, and so attenuate the Blood, that it may be conveniently driven to the wounded, broken, or bruised parts.  Tremor, 
see Tromos.  Trepanum, 
the same that Modiolus.  Triangulare ossiculum, the triangular little Bone, 
is that which is placed betwixt the Suture called Lambdoides, and another called Sagittalis; which they say conduces too to the Falling-Sickness.  Trichiasis, 
the same that Phalangosis: Also hairy Urine, such as by reason of pituitous Humours Hairs seem to swim in.  Tricongius, 
is a Measure that contains eighteen Sextaries, a Sextary being about a Pint and an half.  Triens, 
is the Third part of a physical Pound, containing three Ounces.  Tripsis, 
is Contrition, or Contusion.  Trismus, 
is the grinding of the Teeth, or a Convulsion of a Muscle of the Temples, whereby the Teeth gnash whether one will or no.  Tritaeophyes, 
is an Ague that comes every Third day.  Tritaeus, 
the same that Febris Tertiana intermittens.  Trituratio, 
is a Pounding, whereby Medicines are reduced to Powder, that they may be the better mixed.  Trochanter, 
the same that Rotator.  Trochisci, Trochies, 
are round marked things made of Powders, mixed with viscous Extracts and made up into Paste, and then into round little Bodies, which are to be dried up in the Shade: They are called also Pastilli.  Trochlea, 
the same that Bathmis.  Trochlearis, 
is the upper, or greater obliqne Muscle of the Eye.  Troma, 
is a Wound from an external Cause.  Trombosis, 
is a Coagulation of Milk or Blood in Human Bodies.  Tromos, 
is a Trembling, or a Depravation of the voluntary Motion of Members.  Trysmus, 
see Trismus.  Tubae Fallopianae, 
are two slender Passages, proceeding from the Womb, which when they are a little removed from it, grow gradually wider; they have large Holes or Orifices, which almost lie shut, the extreme Edges falling flat; yet if they be diligently opened and dilated, they represent the extreme Orifice of a brazen Pipe. Their Use is to receive the Eggs from the Testicles and carry them into the Womb, according to the excellent R. de Graaf. the Truth whereof is evident from the Inspection of Rabits dissected.  Tubercula, 
the same that Phymata.  Tulus, 
the same that Callus.  Tumour, Swelling, 
is when the parts of humane Bodies are enlarged and extended beyond their due Proportion, so that they cannot perform their Operations.  Tunica, 
the same that Membrana.  Tunica retiformis, 
see Retina and Amphiblestroides.  Turunda, 
the same that Turundula.  Turundula, 
signifies a Tent put into Wounds or Ulcers.  Tussis, a Cough, 
is a vehement Efflation of the Breast, whereby that which is offensive to the Organs of Breathing is expelled by the Force of the Air.  Tympanias, 
the same that Tympanites.  Tympanites, Tympanias, Aqua intercus sicca, a Tympany, 
is a fixed, constant, equable, hard, resisting Tumour of the Abdomen, which, being beat, sounds: It proceeds from a stretching Inflaation of the parts, and of the membranaceous Bowels, whose Fibres are too much swollen with Animal Spirits, and hindered from receding by the nervous Juice which obstructs the Passage; to which Distemper there is consequently added, as the Compliment of all, an abundance of flatulent Matter in the places that are empty.  Tympanum, the Drum of the Ear, 
is a small, thin, orbicular, transparent Membrane, stretched over the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear, which contains the natural congenite Air: Its Use is Hearing. There is also a Cavity in the Ear, called Concha.  Typhodes, 
is a symptomatical, continued, burning Fever; as if it were from the Inflammation of the Bowels.  Typhomania, 
is a Delirium with a Frenzy, and a Lethargy.  Typhonia, 
the same.  Typus, or Periodus and Circuitus, 
is an Order of Fevers, consisting of Intention and Remission, or increasing and decreasing.  Tyria, 
the fame that Ophiasis.  Tyroides, 
see Thyroides.  Tyrosis, 
is when Milk which is eaten curdles into a Substance like Cheese.    


V  VAcuatio, 
see Evacuatio.  Vacui dies, 
are those Days wherein an imperfect and ill Crisis frequently happens; and those are 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18. to which some add, 22, 23, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39 these are called medicinal Days, because Medicines may be given on them.  Vagina uteri, 
it is called also Matrix, Vteri Ostium, Vteri Cervix, is that Passage in which a Man's Yard is sheathed as it were in Coition; it is placed in the Hypogastrium, and is of an oblong Figure, and of different Magnitude according to the Age of the Woman, and her Use of Men; its upper part is as thick as the breadth of a Straw, but the lower twice or thrice as thick again: it is about as broad as the Gut Rectum, nervous and wrinkled within: It is perforated with a great many little Pores, especially in the lower part, about the end of the urinary Passage.  Vaginalis tunica, 
see Elythroides.  Valetudo, 
is either a good or ill Disposition of the Parts of the Body.  Valvulae, 
are little thin Membranes in Vessels or Fibres, like Folding-doors as it were; they have received different Names, according to the Diversity of their Figuration, as Sigmoides, like the Letter Sigma, Semilunares, like an Halsmoon, etc. They are found in Veins, Arteries, Lymphatic and Lacteal Vessels, and in musculous Fibres, which were first discovered by our Curiosity, and of which we have discoursed in a particular Tract: The Use of them is to hinder the Blood and other Liquors, from returning the same way they came.  Valvulae, Valves, 
are also found in the Intestines, in the small and great Guts, especially in the Jejunum, and about the beginning of the Ileum, which are called Semicircular from their Figure. These Valves or Folds grow more and more obliqne by little and little the nearer you come to the Ileum, and at the beginning of the Ileum they are less obliqne than farther on. In like manner near the end of the Jejunum, they are gradually more and more distant from one another; and so in the Ileum too. At the beginning and in the middle of the Jejunum, they are scarce distant half a Thumbs breadth; in the Ileum a whole Thumbs breadth and more. They yield a little if thrust with your Finger, and move here and there: At the beginning of the Colon there is a fleshy and circular Valve, besides several others in that Gut. The Use of them is to stop the Meat a little, that it may be the better fermented, the Chyle distributed, the adjacent Parts be cherished with Heat, and lastly, that it ascends not again.  Vaporarium, 
is when the Patient does not sit in Liquor, but receives Vapours through an Hole, under which there is placed a Pot full of apposite and boiling hot Ingredients, which cooling, fresh Matter is added.  Varicosum corpus, 
is that Contexture of Spermatick Vessels which enters the Testicles.  Variolae, 
the small Pox, consists in a contagious Disorder of the Blood, contracted from the Air, or otherwise; accompanied with a continued wand'ring Fever, which sometimes increases, sometimes decreases, with a Pain in the Head and Loins, Anixety and Inquietude, and with a breaking forth of Pimples or Wheals, which swell and suppurate. The famous Willis attributes the Cause of this Distemper to some filthy and fermentative Matter, which is communicated to the Faetus, together with the Nourishment, from the Womb; but how this can hold in Adult Persons, whose Blood has undergone so many Alterations, I could never yet understand from his Writings. It seems rather to consist in a depraved Temperature of Air, with a peculiar Disposition of the Blood and the nervous Juice towards this Distemper. This poisonous Quality of the Air first infects the nervous Juice (whence proceeds the Pain of the Head and Loins) wherewith the Blood boils and ferments, and parts into little Pieces or Clots, which in the Course of Circulation stick to the outward Parts, and to the inner Viscera too; after a while they grow ripe and suppurate.  Varix, 
see Cirsos.  Varus, 
see Jonthus.  Vas breve, 
see Breve vas.  Vasa, the Vessels, 
are Cavities through which the Liquors of the Body pass, as a Vein, an Artery, lymphatic Vessels, the Ductus that conveys the Chyle, and those of the Spittle.  Vasa lactea, 
the Milky Vessels, in the Mesentery, they which reach from the Guts, especially the small Guts, to the Glandules in the Mesentery, are said to be of the First sort; and they which reach from those Glandules to the Bag that carries the Chyle, are of the Second sort. Their Use is to convey the Chyle from the Guts to the little Bag that holds the Chyle, and thence to the Ductus, which conveys it along the Thorax. Asellius was the first who discovered them, and the dextrous F. Ruischius afterwards discovered Valves in them.  Vasa Lymphatica, 
see Venae Lymphaticae.  Vena, a Vein, 
the Species of them are the Vena cava, the Vena portae, the lymphatic and milky Veins. Arteries are sometimes taken for Veins. They consist of four Tunicks, a nervous, a glandulous, a muscular, and a membranaceous one. The Branches of the Vena cava above the Heart, are called Jugular Veins, which go towards the Head; they which go towards the Arms, are called Axillary; that about the Heart Coronary; in the Lungs Pulmonary; in the Liver Hepatick, or Liver-Vein; in the Diaphragme Phrenica; in the Thighs Crural; in the Reins Emulgent; and so from its various Ramification, it is variously denominated.  Vena portae, 
is only in the Abdomen, and extends its Roots to the Liver, Spleen, Ventricle, Mesentery, Intestines, Pancreas, Cawl, etc. The Office of the Vena cava and portae, is, to convey the Blood that is more than what seryes for Nourishment, to the Liver, or Heart, or Lungs.  Venae Lymphaticae, 
the Lymphatic Veins, receive the Lympha from the conglobated Glandules, and discharge themselves either into the Sanguinary Veins, or into the Receptacle of the Chyle.  Venae lacteae, 
see Vasa lactea.  Venae sectio, 
is the Opening of a Vein, which is either for Evacuation, or to derive the Blood to another part, etc. In Bleeding respect must always be had to the Strength of the Person. There never ought to be taken away above a Pound; but the better way is, to take away first six or eight Ounces, and if Occasion require, to repeat the Operation. A Vein is to be cut according to the length of the Fibres, and not Across or Traverse.  Veneris OEstrum, 
the same that Clitoris.  Venture infimus, 
see Hypogastrium.  Ventosa, 
see Cucurbitula.  Ventres, 
see Cavitates.  Ventriculus, 
the Stomach, is a membranous Bowel in the Abdomen, under the Diaphragme, betwixt the Liver and the Spleen, consisting of four Tunicks; a nervous, fibrous, glandulous, and membranous one: It has two Orifices, one on the Right-hand, called Pylorus or Janitor, whereat the Meat is sent out into the Guts; another on the Lefthand, at which the Meat enters: Its Office is to concoct or ferment the Meat; it is called also Stomachus and Aqualiculus.  Ventriculi cerebri, 
the Ventricles of the Brain, are four; the Use of them is to receive the serous Humours, and to bring them by the Pelvis to the Pituitary Glandule; or into the Processus mammillares by the Os cribriforme to the Nostrils. They are nothing but Complications of the Brain, which happened there as 'twere by accident.  Ventriculi cordis, 
the Ventricles of the Heart, are two; the first or Right Ventricle receives the Blood from the Vena cava, and sends it to the Lungs; the Left receives the Blood from the Lungs, and sends it through the whole Body by the Arteria Aorta: In the Systole or Contraction of the Ventricles the Blood is sent out: In the Diastole or Dilatation it is let into the Heart: Yet others explain it on the contrary, because they understand not Greek.  Vermes, 
see Lumbrici.  Vermiformis processus, 
is the Prominence of the Cerebellum, so called from its shape.  Vertebra, 
see Spondylus.  Vertigo, 
see Scotomia.  Verrucae, Warts, 
are a sort of Tubercula; they are called also Porri, because if you look into the tops of them, they seem to resemble the Capillaments, or little Threads of Onions: They are an hard, high, callous, little Tuberculum, or Swelling, which break out of the Skin, and breed in any part of the Body.  Vertex, 
the Crown of the Head, is the gibbous middle part of the fore and back part of the Head.  Vesica, the Bladder, 
is an hollow membranaceous Part, wherein any Liquor that is to be excerned, is contained; as the Bladder that contains the Urine, the Gall, the Seed.  Vesica, destillatoria, 
is a Brazen or Copper Vessel, which contains any thing that is to be destilled.  Vesicatoria, 
are Medicines which act upon and rarify the Spirits and serous Particles, gather them betwixt the Skin and Cuticula, the thin fine Skin, and consequently separate them, and raise little bladders full of serous Matter.  Vesicula fellis, 
see Folliculus fellis.  Vespertilionum alae, Bats Wings, 
are two broad membranous Ligaments, on each side one, wherewith the bottom of the Womb is loosely tied to the Bones of the Flank. Aretaeus likens them to Bats-wings.  Veternus, 
see Lethargus.  Vibex, 
see Enchymoma.  Victus ratio, 
is a way Living, whereby Health is preserved, and Diseases repelled by things convenient: It consists in the Use of things called non Naturales, not natural (which see in their place;) and it is in Diseases threefold, thick, moderate, thin; the thin is again either simply thin, more thin, or the thinnest of all.  Vigilia, Waking, 
is an Agitation and Expansion of animal Spirits in the Pores of the Brain, whereby the Motions of Objects are easily represented to the common Sensory by the external Organs; which Spirits if they be too much expanded and agitated, they cause an obstinate long Wakening.  Vigour Morbi, 
see Acme.  Vinum Cos, 
is a Wine of good Colour, Smell, and Taste.  Vinum Hypocraticum, 
is a Wine wherein Sugar and Spices have been infused, and is afterwards strained through a Bag, which they call Manica Hypocratis, which see.  Vinum Medicatum, 
is a Wine wherein Medicines have been infused for the use of sick People.  Virga, 
see Penis.  Virginale claustrum, 
see Hymen.  Viscera, 
are Organs contained in the three great Cavities of the Body: They are called also Exta and Interranea.  Visus, Sight, 
is a Sense whereby Light and Colours, are perceived from the Motion of subtle Matter upon the Tunica retina of the Eye.  Vitalis facultas, 
the Vital Faculty, is an Action whereby a Man lives, which is performed, whether we design it or no; such are the Motions of the Heart, Respiration, Nutrition, etc. It depends chief upon the Cerebellum. It is the same with Natural Faculty, though the Ancients distinguished them, placing the Natural in the Liver, and the vital in the Heart.  Vitalis Indicatio, 
is a way whereby Strength and Vigour are continually renewed and preserved.  Vitiligo, 
a sort of Leprosy; there are Three kinds of them. Alphus where the Colour is white, something rough, and not continued, like so many Drops here and there; but sometimes it spreads broader, and with some Intermissions. Melas differs in Colour, because it is black, and like a Shade; in the rest they agree. Leuce has something like Alphus, but it is whiter, and descends deeper, and in it the Hairs are white, and like Down: All these spread, but in some quicker, in others slower.  Vitreus Humour, 
see Humores Oculi.  Vlceratio, 
see Exulceratio.  Vlcus, an Uucer, 
is a Solution of the Continuum, proceeding from a consuming Matter, in the soft parts of the Body, and attended with a Diminution of Magnitude.  Vlna, or Focile majus, 
is the greater Bone betwixt the Arm and the Wrist, which is jointed upward with the Shoulder by Ginglimus (which see,) and therefore it has there both Processes and Cavities: Two oblong Processes, and as it were triangular, and rugged, that the Ligaments may knit it strongly. The fore-most and upper-most is less, and goes into the Cavity of the Shoulder: The backward Process is thicker and larger, ends in an obtuse Angle, and enters the hinder Cavity of the Shoulder; the Latins call it Gibberus: In the middle of these there's a great Cavity like a Semicircle. It has yet another external lateral Cavity for the Head of the Radius, or lesser Bone of the Cubit; it is jointed at the lower end with the Wrist, both by a Cartilege in the middle, and by an acute Process, and therefore called Styloides (or like a sharppointed Pen used in Writing-Tables) whence there arises a Ligament, which fastens the Cubit and the Joint of the Wrist together.  Vlomelia, 
is a Soundness of the whole Body.  Vmbilicus, the Navel, 
is a Boss in the middle of the Abdomen, to which the Navel-string in a Faetus is joined, which is cut off after Delivery.  Vncia, an Ounce, 
is the Twelfth part of a Physicians Pound, containing eight Drams.  Vndimia, 
the same that Oedema.  Vnguentum, an Ointment, 
is a Medicine outwardly applied, of a Consistence something thicker than a Linimentum: It is called also Vnguen.  Vnguis, a Nail, 
is a similar, flexible, white, and hard part, which defends the Fingers from external Injuries, and in some measure adorns them. The root of it is joined to a certain Ligament, and by reason of the neighbouring Tendons it becomes sensible: They seem to be made of a Collection of very little Pipes, which adhere extremely thick to one another, and shoot out into length. Where they begin, there you find certain nervous Fibres like so many small Nipples lengthened, the lengthened parts whereof are seen as far as the Nail: If they be forcibly torn off, they leave divers Holes, so that the Horney Substance of the Nails looks like a Net. Under the Nails there is a pappy sort of Body, which has its Vessels of Excretion. The Apices, or tops of the Nails, are they which grow beyond the Flesh; the Parts which are cut, are called the Segmina, the parings of the Nails, the parts under the Nails, are the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the hidden parts; the White semilunar part next the Root, is the Rise of the Nail; the very beginnings that grow into the Skin, are called the Roots of the Nails; the Sides, the Clefts; the white Spots, Nubecula, little Clouds, etc.  Vngula, 
is a sort of hooked Instrument to draw a dead Faetus out of the Womb.  Vngula Oculi, 
the same that Pterygium.  Vola, 
is the Palm of the Hand; also the Cavity of the Foot.  Volatica, 
the same that Lichen.  Volsella, or Vulsella, 
is an Instrument to pull up Hairs with by the Root, Tweezers: Or a Chirurgeons little Tongues, which are of different shape according to the Diversity of their Use.  Volvulus, 
see Ileon and Chordapsus.  Vomica, 
is a fault in the Lungs, from Heterogeneous Blood, which being lodged perhaps in one of the little Bladdery Cells there, occasions neither a Fever nor a Cough; but afterward when it is increased, it oppresses the neighbouring Sanguiferous Vessels, and impregnates the Blood as it passes along with its Effluviums; whereupon there succeeds a small Fever, accompanied with Inquietude and Leanness; at last when it is full grown and concocted into Matter, it makes a Nest as it were and lodges there.  Vomitorium, 
is a Medicine taken inwardly, made of Emetics, or things that provoke Vomiting, infused, dissolved, or decocted.  Vomitus, a Vomiting, 
is a violent and inverse Motion of the Ventricle, wherein its fleshy Fibres being irritated, and contracted towards the left Orifice, send out at the Mouth whatsoever is contained in the Stomach.  Vrachus 
is the urinary Passage in Faetus', reaching from the Bladder to the Membrane called Allanitodes; which after the Faetus is born becomes like a Ligament, and is that which suspends the Bladder; it is joined with the Navel and the bottom of the Bladder.  Vranismus, 
the same that Palatum.  Vrentia, 
see Pyrotica.  Vreter, 
is a fistulous membranaceous Vessel, which proceeds from both Reins, and opens between the Membranes of the Bladder, by which the Urine passes from the Reins to the Bladder: Celsus calls it the White Vein.  Vrethra, or Fistula, 
is the urinary Passage, whereby the Urine is discharged at the Yard in Man, and in like manner in Women: It serves also for the Ejection of Seed. The seminal little Bladders, empty themselves into it by two Holes at the beginning of it, when there is occasion; which Bladders or Vessels are surrounded with glandulous Prostates, perforated with several Holes; to which there is a little piece of Flesh affixed.  Vrinaria Fistula, 
the same that Vrethra.  Vretica, 
the same that Diuretica.  Vrina, 
see Vron.  Vrocrisis, 
the same that Vrocritica.  Vrocriterium, 
is a Judgement upon Urine.  Vrocritica, 
are Signs which are observed from Urines.  Vromantia, 
see Vrocriterium.  Vromantis, 
is one who can divine something from Urines.  Vron, Vrina, Lotium, 
is a serous Excrement conveyed from the Blood, that passes the Reins by the Ureters to the Bladder, and so is excerned when occasion requires: It consists of much Salt, a little Sulphur, of Earth and Spirit.  Vroscopia, 
is the Inspection of Urine.  Vteri osculum, 
see Osculum uteri.  Vteri Procidentia, 
see Procidentia uteri.  Vsnea, 
is Moss which grows upon Bones or Trees.  Vterus, the Womb, 
is an organical part placed in a Woman's Abdomen, which is divided into the Bottom, the Neck, and the Sheath: It has two broad Ligaments, and two round: It is of a nervous and fibrous Substance; and is of different Thickness according to the difference of Age, and time of going with Child. At the bottom within, there is a Cavity whence the Courses flow, wherein likewise Generation and Conception are made: Before it is the Bladder; behind it is the Gut Rectum.  Vulneraria, 
see Traumatica.  Vulnas a Wound, 
is a Solution of the Continuumu with some external Instrument. It is different, as well according to the place or part whence it is inflicted, as upon a Nerve, or the Flesh, as according to the Instrument which inflicts it; so that if it be done by a sharp keen Instrument, it is called Sectio & Incisio, cutting or Incision; if by pricking, 'tis called Punctura or Punctio.  Vulsella, 
see Volsella.  Vulva, 
is a Woman's secret Parts: See Gunnus.  Wula, 
see Cion.  Wea Membrana, or Choroides, 
is almost altogether Continuous on the inside to the Tunica Scelerotis; it is perforated in the fore part, and leaves a space for the Apple of the Eye, which may be contracted or dilated.    


X.  XErophthalmia, 
is a dry Bleardness or Bloodshot of the Eyes.  Xerotes, 
is a dry Disposition of Body.  Xiphoides, 
is the pointed Cartilege of the Breast.  Xyster, 
is an Instrument to shave and scrape Bones with.    


Z.  ZErna, 
the same that Lichen.  Zirbus with the Arabians, 
is the same that Omentum the Cawl.  Zone, 
is that part of the Body where we are begirt; also a sort of Herpes called Holyfire.  Zoogonia, 
is a Generation of perfect Animals born alive.  Zootomia, 
is an artificial Dissection of Animals.  Zotica, 
is the vital Faculty.  Zygoma, 
is the jugal Bone about the Temples.  Zymoma, 
is a Ferment, as the nitrous Air, the Watery Juice in the Mouth, the acide Liquor in the Stomach, the Blood in the Spleen, etc.  Zymosis, 
see Fermentatio.    
The END.   

These Books sold by John Gellibrand, at the Golden Ball in St. Paul's Churchyard.  
Theoph. Bonnetti Anatomia Practica, Fol. 2 vol.  
Baudrandi Geographia, ordine Litterarum disposita, Fol. 2 vol.  
Zodiacus Medico-Gallicus, in tribus Tomis, in Quarto.  
The Morals of Plutarch translated from the Greek Original, by several Hands in Octavo, now in the Press.  
Publ. Virgilii Maronis Opera, cum Notis Selectissimis Johannis Minellii, in Twelves.