A SPEECH DELIVERED BY Sir Francis Bacon, In the lower House of Parliament quinto JACOBI, concerning the Article of Naturalisation of the Scottish Nation.  
LONDON, Printed Anno, 1641.   

A SPEECH Used by Sir Francis Bacon in the lower House of Parliament, quinto Jacobi, concerning the Article of Naturalisation of the Scottish Nation.  
IT may please you (Master Speaker) preface will I use none, but put myself upon your good opinions, to which I have been accustomed beyond my deservings, neither will I hold you in suspense, what way I will choose, but now at the first declare myself, that I mean to counsel the House to Naturalise this Nation, wherein nevertheless I have a request to make unto you, which is of more efficacy to the purpose I have in hand, than all that I shall say afterwards: And it is the same request, which Demosthenes did more than once, in great causes of estate, make to the people of Athens, That when they took into their hands the Balls, whereby to give their voices (according as the manner of them was) they would raise their thoughts, and lay aside those considerations, which their private vacations and degrees might minister and represent unto them, and would take upon them, cogitations and minds agreeable to the dignity and honour of the estate.  
For (Master Speaker) as it was aptly and sharply said by Alexander to Parmenio, when upon their recital of the great offers which Darius made, Parmenio said unto him, I would accept these offers, were I as Alexander, he turned it upon him again, so would I (saith he) were I as Parmenio, so in this cause: if an honest English Merchant (I do not single out that State in disgrace, for this Island ever held it honourable, but only for an instance of a private profession) If an English Merchant should say, surely I would proceed no further in the union, were I as the King, it might be reasonably answered, no more would the King, were he as an English Merchant; and the like may be said of a Gentleman in the Country, be he never so worthy or sufficient, or of a Lawyer be he never so wise or learned, or of any other particular condition in this Kingdom, for certainly (Master Speaker) if a man shall be only or chief sensible of those respects which his particular affection, and degree shall suggest, and infuse into him, and not enter into true and worthy considerations of estate, he shall never be able aright to give counsel, or take counsel in this matter, for that if this request be granted, I account the cause obtained.  
But to proceed to the matter itself; all consultations do rest upon questions comparative, for when a question is de vero, it is simple, for there is but one truth, but when a question is de bono, it is for the most part comparative, for there be differing degrees of good and evil, and the best of the good is to be preferred and chosen, and the worst of the evil is to be declined and avoided, and therefore in questions of this nature, you may not look for answer, proper to every inconvenience alleged, for somewhat that cannot be specially answered, may nevertheless be encountered, and overweighed by matter of greater moment, and therefore, for the matter which I shall set forth unto you, will naturally receive the distribution of three parts.  
First, 
The answer to the inconveniencies objected concerning the Naturalivation.  an answer to these inconveniences which have been alleged to ensue, if we should give way to this Naturalisation, which I suppose you will not find to be, which I suppose will not be so great, as they have been made, but that much dross is put into the balance, to help to make weight.  
Secondly, an encounter against the remainder of these inconveniences, which cannot properly be answered, by much greater inconveniences, which we shall incur, if we do not proceed to this Naturalisation.  
Thirdly, an encounter likewise, but of another nature, that is by the gain and benefit, which we shall draw and purchase to ourselves by proceeding to this Naturalisation. And yet to avoid confusion, which ever followeth of too much generality, it is necessary for me (before I proceed to persuasion) to use some distribution of the points or parts of Naturalisation, which certainly can be no better, or none other, than the ancient distinction of jus Civitatis, jus suffragii vel tribus, Jus Petitionis sive honoris: for all ability and capacity is either of private interest, of Meum & Tuum, or of public service, and the public consisteth chief either in voice or in office, now it is the first of these (Master Speaker) that I will only handle at this time, and in this place, and refer the other two for a Committee, because they receive more distinction and restriction.  
To come to the inconveniences alleged on the other part, the first of them is, that their may ensue of this Naturalisation, a surcharge of people upon this Realm of England, which is supposed already, to have the full charge and contentment, and therefore there cannot be an admission of the adoptive, without a dismission of the former times, and conditions of all those, that are native subjects of this Realm. A grave objection, (Master Speaker) and very dutiful, for it proceeds not, of any unkindness to the Scottish Nation, but of a natural fastness to ourselves, for that answer of the Virgins, Ne forte non sufficiat vobis & nobis, proceeds not out of any envy, or malign humour, but out of providence, and the original charity, which gins with ourselves, and I must confess (M. Speaker) that as the Gentleman said, when Abraham and Lot, in regard of the greatness of their Families, grew penned, and straitened, It is true, that though they were brethren, they grew to difference, and to those words, Vade tu ad dexteram, & ego ad sinistram; But certainly, I should never have brought that example on that side, for we see what followed of it, how this separation ad dextram & ad sinistram, Caused the miserable captivity of the one brother, and the dangerous though prosperous war of the other, for his rescue and recovery.  
But to this objection, (Master Speaker) being so weighty, and so principal, I mean to give three several answers, every one of them being to my understanding by itself Sufficient.  
The first is, 
The opinion of the number of th● Scottish Nation.  that the opinion, of the number of the Scottish Nation, that should be likely to plant themselves here amongst us, will be found to be a thing, rather in conceit then in event, for (Master Speaker) you shall find these plausible similitudes of a tree, that will thrive the better, if it be remooved into the more fruitful soil, and of sheep or cattles, that if they find a gap or passage open, will leave the more barren pasture, and get into the more rich and plentiful, to be but arguments merely superficial, and to have no sound resemblance, with the transplanting or transferring of families, for the tree we know by nature, as soon as it is set in the better ground, can fasten upon it, and take nutriment from it, and a sheep as soon as he gets into the better pasture, what should let him to graze or feed, But there belongeth more I take it, to a family or particular person, that shall remove from one Nation to another, for if (Master Speaker) they have not stock, means, acquaintance, and custom, habitation, trades, countenance, and the like, I hope you doubt not, but they will starve in the midst of the rich pasture, and are fare enough from grazing at their pleasure, and therefore in this point, which is conjectural, 
Conjectural experience.  experience is the best guide for the time past, is a pattern of the time to come, I think no man doubteth (Master Speaker) but his Majesty's first coming in, was the greatest springtide for the confluence, and entrance of that Nation.  
Now I would fain understand in these four year's space, and the fullness, and strength of the Court and Tide, how many families of the Scotch men, are planted in the Cities, Burroughs and Towns of this Kingdom, for I do assure myself, then more than some persons of quality, about his Majesty's person here at Court and in London, and some other inferior persons, that have a dependence upon them, the return and certificate, if such a Survey should be made, would be of a number extremely small, I report me to all your private knowledges of the places where you inhabit.  
Now (Master Speaker) as I said, Si in ligno viridi ita fit, quid fiet in arido, I am sure there will be no more such spring tides; but you will tell me of a multitude of families of the Scottish nation in Polania, and if they multiply in a Country so fare, how much more at hand, for that (Master Speaker) you must impute it of necessity to some special accident of time and prace that draws them thither: for you see plainly before your eyes, that in Geneva, which is much nearer, where in France they are invited with privileges, and with the very privilege of naturalisation, yet no such number can be found, so as it cannot either be nearness of place, or privilege of person that is the cause. But shall I tell you (Master Speaker) what I think; In all the places of the world, near or fare of, they will never take that course of life in this Kingdom, which they content themselves with in Poland; for we see it to be the nature of all men that will rather discover poverty abroad then at home; There is never a gentleman, that hath over reached himself in expenses, and thereby must abate his countenance, but he will rather travel, and do it abroad, then at home, and we know well they have good high stomaches, and have ever stood in some terms of emulation, and therefore they will never live here except they can live in good fashion, so as I assure you (Master Speaker) I am of opinion, that the first which we now have, to admit them, will have like as that contention had between the Nobility and people of Rome, for admitting of a Plebeian Commonwealth, whilst it was in passage it was very vehement, and mightily stood upon, and when the people had obtained it, they never made any Plebeian Consul, not in 60 years after, and so will this be, for many years, as I am persuaded, rather a matter in opinion and reputation, then in effect, and this is the first answer, that I give to this main inconvenience pretended of surcharge of people.  
The second answer, 
England not peopled to the full.  which I give to this objection is this, I must have leave to doubt (Master Speaker) that this Realm of England is not peopled to the full, for certain it is, that the territories of France, Italy, Flanders, and some part of Germany, do in equal space of ground, bear and contain, a fare greater quantity of people, if they were mustered by the Poll, neither can I see, that this Kingdom is so much inferior, unto those foreign parts in fruitfulness, as it is in population, which makes me conceive we have not our full charge; besides I do see manifestly amongst us, the badges and tokens, rather of scarceness, then of press of people, as drowned grounds, Commons, Wastes, and the like, which is a plain demonstration, that howsoever there may be an overswelling throng and press of people, here about London, which is most in our eye, yet the body of the Kingdom is but thin swoon with people, and whosoever shall compare the ruins and decays of ancient Towns in this Realm, with the erectments and augmentations of new, cannot but judge that this Realm hath been fare better peopled in former times, it may be in the Heptarchy, or otherwise generally the rule holdeth, The smaller the State the greater the population Pro rato, And whether this be true or no, we need not seek further, then to call to our remembrance, how many of us serve here in this place, for desolate and decayed Burroughs,  
Again, 
Mediterrane, not Maritime Countries surcharged with people.  (Master Speaker) whosoever looketh into the principle of estate, must hold, that it is the Mediterrane Countries, and not the Maritime which need to fear surcharge of people, for all sea provinces and especially Islands have an other element besides the earth and soil, for their sustentation, what an infinite of people are, and may be sustained by fishing, carriage by sea, and merchandizing, wherein I do again discover, that we are not all pricked by the multitude of people, for if we were, it were not possible, we should relinquish, and resign, such an infinite benefit of fishing, to the Fleming, as it is well known we do, and therefore I see, that we have wastes by Sea, as well as by land, which still is an infallible argument that our industry is not awakened, to seek maintenance to any our great charge or press of people. And lastly, (Master Speaker) there was never any Kingdom in this World, had I think, so fair and happy means to issue and discharge them ultitude of their people, as this Kingdom hath, in regard of that desolate and wasted Kingdom of Ireland, which being a country blessed with all most all the dowryes of nature, as Rivers, Havens, Woods, Quarries, good Soil, and temperate climate, and now at last blest under his Majesty also with obedience, doth as it were continually call unto us, for our Colonies and Plantations, and so I conclude my second answer, to this pretended inconvenience of surcharge of people.  
The third answer (Master Speaker) which I give is this, I demand what is the worst effect that can follow of your surcharge of people, look into it and you shall find it none other than some honourable war, for the enlargement of their borders, which find themselves penned, upon foreign parts, with inconveniences, which in a warlike Nation, I know not whether I should term an inconvenience or Noah, for the saying is most true, though in an other lense, Omne solum forti patria. It was spoken of the patience of an exiled man, but it is no less true in the valour of a warlike Nation, and certainly (Master Speaker) I hope I may speak it without offence, that whensoever we should hold ourselves worthy, and whensoever just cause should be given, either to recover our ancient rights, or to revenge our late wrongs, or to attain the honour of our ancestors, or to enlarge the patrimony of our posterities, we would never in this manner forget the considerations of amplitude and greatness, and fall at variance about profit and reckon, fit a great deal for private persons, then for Parliaments, and Kingdoms, and thus (Master Speaker) I leave this first objection, to such satisfactions as you have heard of.  
The second objection is, 
The fundamental Laws of England & Scotland are divers and several.  that the fundamental laws of these Kingdoms, of England and Scotland, are yet divers and several, nay more that it is declared by the instrument, that they shall so continue; and that there is no intent in his Majesty to make innovation in them, and therefore that it should not be seasonable, to proceed to this Naturalisation, whereby to endow them with our Rights and Privileges, except they should likewise receive, and submit themselves to our laws, and this objection likewise (Master Speaker) I allow to be a weighty objection and worthy to be well answered, and discussed.  
The answer which I shall offer is this, 
The answer to the second objection.  It is true for mine own part (Master Speaker) that I wish the Scottish Nation governed by our Laws, for I hold our laws, with some reducement, worthy to govern, and it were the World, but this is that which I say, and I desire therein your attention, That according to true reason of estate, Naturalisation is in order first and precedent to union of Laws, and in nature separable, and in degree a less matter, and not inseparable from union of Laws, for Naturalisation doth but take out the marks of a Foreigner, but union of Laws makes them entirely as ourselves, Naturalisation taketh away separation, but union of laws doth take away distinction, do we not see (Master Speaker) that in the administration of the World under the great Monarch God himself that his Laws are divers, one Law in spirits, another in bodies, one Law in Regions celestial, an other in Elementary, and yet the Creatures are all one mass or lump, without any vacuum or separation, do we not likewise see in the state of the Church, that amongst all people, of all languages, and Lineages, there is communion of Saints, and that we are all fellow Citizens, and Naturalizants of the heavenly Jerusalem, And yet never the less, divers Ecclesiastical Laws, Policies and Heirarchies, according to the speech of that worthy Father, In veste varietas sit, scissura non sit, and these certainly (Master Speaker) as they are the bonds of love they are the more special and private bond, and the bond of Naturalisation, the more common and general, for the laws are rather Figura Reipublicae, then forma, and rather Bonds of perfection, than Bonds of entireness, and therefore we see in the experience of our own government, that in the Kingdom of Ireland, all our Statutes and Laws, 
Poynings Laws.  since Poynings Laws, are not in force, and yet we deny them not the benefit of Naturalisation, in Gersey and Jernesey and the Isle of Man, our common Laws are not in force, and yet they have the benefit of Naturalisation, neither need any man doubt, but that our Laws and Customs must in small time gather and win upon theirs, for here is the seat of the Kingdom, whence come the supreme directions of estate, here is the King's person and example of which the verse saith, Regis ad exemplum, totus componitur orbis.  
And therefore it is not possible, although not by solemn and formal acts of estates, yet by the secret operation of no long time, but they will come under the yoke of our laws, and so Dulcis tractus pari jugo, and this is the answer I give to the second objection.  
The third objection, is some inequality, 
Inequality in the fortunes between England and Scotland.  in the fortunes of these two Nations, England and Scotland, by the commixture whereof, there may ensue advantage to them, and loss to us, wherein (M. Speaker) it is well that this difference or disparity consisteth, but in the external goods of fortune, for indeed it must be confessed that for the goods of the mind and body they are alteri nos, or ourselves, for to do them but right, we know in their capacities and understandings, they are a people ingenious, in labour industrious, in courage valiant, in body hard, active, and comely, more might be said, but in commending them, we do but in effect, commend ourselves, for they are of one part, and continent with us, and the truth is, we are participant, both of their virtue, and vices, for if they have been noted, to be a people not so tractable in government, we cannot without flattering ourselves, free ourselves altogether from that fault, being indeed incident to all martial people, as we see it evident by the example of the Romans, and others, even like unto fierce horses, that though they be of better service than others, yet are they harder to guide and manage.  
But for this objection (Master Speaker) I purpose to answer it, not by the authority of Scriptares, which saith, Beatius est dare quam accipere, But an authority, framed and derived from the judgement of ourselves, and our ancestors in the same case; as to the point, for (Master Speaker) in all the lives of our Kings, none useth to carry greater commendation than his Majesty's noble progenitor King Edward the first of that name, and amongst his other commendations, both of war and policy, none is more celebrated, than his purpose and enterprise, for that conquest of Scotland, as not bending his designs, to glorious acquests abroad, but to solid strength at home, which nevertheless if it had succeeded, could not but have brought in all these inconveniences, of the commixture of a more opulent Kingdom, with a less, 
Laws nor Arms cannot alter the nature of climates.  that are now alleged, for it is not the yoke, either of our laws or arms, that can alter the nature of the Climate, or the nature of the soil, neither is it the manner of the Commixture, that can alter the nature of Commixture, and therefore (Master Speaker) if it were good for us then, it is good for us now, and not to be prized the lesser, because we paid not so dear for it. But a more full objection, I refer over to that, which will come after, to be spoken touching surety, and greatness.  
The fourth Objection (Master Speaker) is not properly an objection but rather a preoccupation of an objection of the other side, for it may be said and very materially, whereabouts we do contend, the benefit of Naturalisation is by the Law, in as many as have been, or shall be borne, since his Majesty's coming to the Crown, already settled and invested, there is no more then, but to bring the Antenati, into the degree of the Postnati, that men grown, that have well deserved, may be in no worse case, than children which have not deserved, and elder brothers in no worse case, than younger brothers, so as we stand upon quiddam non quantum, being but a little difference of time, of one generation from an other, to this (M. Speaker) it is said by some, that the Law is not so but that the postnatis are aliens as the rest. A point, that I mean not much to argue, both because it hath been well spoken, by the gentleman that spoke last before me, and because I do desire in this case, and in this place, to speak rather of Conveniency, then of Law, only this I will say, that, that opinion seems to me contrary to opinion of Law, and contrary to Authority, and experience of Law; for reason of Law, when I meditate of it, my thinks the wisdom of the Common Laws of England well observed, is admirable in the distribution of the benefit and protection of the Laws, according to the several conditions of persons in an excellent proportion, the degrees are four, but bipartite; two of Aliens, and two of Subjects.  
The first degree is of an alien borne under a King, 
The first degree of an alien.  or State, that is enemy, if such an one come into this Kingdom without safe conduct, it is at his peril, the Law giveth him no protection neither for Body, Lands, nor Goods, so as if he be slain, there is no remedy by any appeal at the party's suit although the party were an English woman, marry at the King's suit, the case may be otherwise in regard of the offence, to the peace, and Crown.  
The second degree is of an alien that is born under the faith and alleigeance of a King or state, 
The second degree of an alien born under a State, that is Friend.  that is a friend, unto such a person, the Law doth impart a great benefit and protection that is concerning things personal, transitory and movable, as goods and chattels, contracts and the like, but not concerning freehold and Inheritance, and the reason is because he may be an enemy, though he be not; for the State under the obeisance of which he is may enter into quarrel, and hostility, and therefore as the Law, hath but a transitory assurance of him, so it rewards him, but with transitory benefits.  
The third degree is of a subject who having been an alien is by charter and denisation, 
The third degree of an alien subject.  to such an one, the law doth impart, yet a more ample benefit, for it gives him power to purchase freehold and inheritance to his own use, and likewise to enable those Children, borne after his denization to inherit, but nevertheless he cannot make title, or convey pedigree from any ancestors peramount, for the Law thinks not good to make him in the same degree, with a subject born, because he was once an alien, and so might once have been an Enemy, Et nemo subito fingitur, affections cannot be settled by any benefit, as when from their Nativity, they are imbred, and inherent.  
And the fourth degree, 
The fourth degree the perfect degree.  which is the perfect degree, is of such a person, as neither is enemy, nor can be enemy in time to come, nor would have been enemy in time past, nor can be enemy in time to come, therefore the Law gives unto him, the full benefit of Naturalisation.  
Now (Master Speaker) if these be true steps and paces of the Law; no man can deny, but whosoever is borne under the King's obedience never could in aliquo puncto temporis be an enemy, and therefore in reason of Law, is natural, Nay, contrariwise, he is bound Jure nativitatis to defend this Kingdom of England, against all Innovators and Rebels, and therefore as he is obliged to the protection of Aliens, and that perpetually, and universally, so he is to have that perpetual and universal benefit and protection of laws which is Naturalisation.  
For form of pleading it is true that hath been said, that if a man, would plead an other to be an alien, he must not only set forth negatively, and primitively, that he was born out of the obedience of our Sovereign Lord the King, but affirmatively, under the obediense of a foreign King, or state, in particular, which never can be done in this case.  
As for authority, I will not press it, you know all what hath been published by the King's Proclamation, and for experience of Laws, we see it in the subjects of Ireland, in the Subjects of Gernsey, and jernesey, parcels of the Duchy of Normandy, in the Subjects of Calais, when it was English, which was parcel of the Crown of France, But as I said, I am not willing to enter into an argument of Law, but to hold myself to point of conveniency, so as for my part, I hold all, Naturales ipso jure, But yet I am far from opinion, that it should be a thing superfluous to have it done by.  
Chiefly in respect of that true principal of State, Principum actiones ad famam sunt Componendae, It will lift up a sign to all the World, of our Loves towards them, and good agreement with them, and these are (Mr. Speaker, the material objections, which have been on the other side, whereunto you have heard my answers, weigh them in your wisdoms, and so I conclude that general part.  
Now (Master Speaker) according as I promised I must fill the other balance, in expressing unto you the inconveniences, which we shall incur, if we shall not proceed to this Naturalisation, wherein that convenience above all others, and alone by itself, if there were none other, doth exceedingly move me, and may move you, is a position of estate, collected out of the Records of time, which is this, That whatsoever several Kingdoms or Estates, have been united in Sovereignty, if that union hath not been fortified, and bound in with a further union, and namely that which is now in question (of Naturalisation) this hath followed, that at one time or other, they have broken, being upon all occasions apt to relapse and revolt to the former Separation.  
Of this assertion, The first example which I will set before you, is of the memorable Union, 
The union between the Romans and the Latins.  which was between the Romans and the Latins, which continued from the Battle at the Lake of Regilla, for many years unto the Consulship.  
At what time, their began about this very point of Naturalisation, that war which was called Bellum Sociale, being the most bloody and pernicious war, that ever the Roman State endured, wherein after numbers of battles, and infinite sieges and surprises of Towns, the Romans in the end prevailed, and mastered the Latins, And ever as they held the honour of the war, so looking back into what perdition and confusion, they were near to have been brought, they presently naturalised them all, you speak of a naturalisation in blood, there was a naturalisation indeed in blood.  
Let me set before you again, 
Sparta and Poloponcsus.  the example of Sparta and the rest of the Peneloponesus their associates. The State of Sparta, was a nice and jealous state of this point of imparting naturalisation to their confederates. But what was the issue of it, after they held them in a kind of society and amity for diversyeers', upon the first occasion given which was no more than the surprisal of the Castle of Thebes, by certain desperate conspirators in the habit of Masters, there ensued immediately a general revolt & defection of their associates, which was the ruin of their State never afterwards to be recovered.  
Of latter times, 
The Union of the Kingdom of Arragon.  Let me lead your considerations, to behold the like events in the Kingdom of Arragon, which Kingdom was united with Castille, and the rest of Spain, in the persons of Ferdinando, and Isabel, and so continued many years, but yet so as it stood a Kingdom severed and divided from the rest of Spain in privileges, and directly in this point of Naturalisation, or capacity of inheritance, what came of this, Thus much, that now of fresh memory, not past twelve years since, only upon the voice of a condemned man, out of the grate of a prison, towards the street, that cried _____ which is as much as Liberties or Privileges, there was raised a dangerous rebellion, which was suppressed with difficulty with an army Royal, and their privileges disannulled, and they incorporated, with the rest of Spain, upon so small a spark, notwithstanding so long continuance, were ready to break, and sever again.  
The like may be said of the State of Florence, 
Florence and Pisa.  and Pisa, which City of Pisa being united unto Florence, but not endued with the benefit of Naturalisation, upon the first sight of foreign assistance, 
Charles the Eighth.  by the expedition of Charles the 8 th'. of France into Italy, did revolt, though it be since again reunited, and incorporated.  
The same effect we see in the most barbarous Government, 
The like effects in barbarous governments.  which shows it the rather to be an effect of nature, for it was thought a fit policy by the council of Constantinople, to retain the Provinces of Transylvania, Valachia, and Moldavia, which were as the nurses of Constantinople, in respect of their provisions, to the end they might be the less wasted, only under Vayvods, as Vassals and Homagers, and not under Bashaws, as Provinces of the Yurkish Empire, which policy we see by late experience proved unfortwate, as appeared by the revolt of the same three Provinces, under the Armies & Conduct of Sigismond Prince of Transilvania a leader very famous for a time, which revolt is not yet fully recovered, whereas we seldom or never hear of revolts of Provinces incorporate to the Turkish Empire.  
On the other part (Master Speaker) because it is true, which the Logicians say, Opposita juxta se posita magis, Let us take a view, and we shall find that wheresoever Kingdoms and States have been united, and that union incorroberate, 
Naturalisation a sure bond.  by the bond of Naturalisation mutually, you shall never observe them afterwards upon any occasion of trouble or otherwise, to break, and sever again, as we see most evidently before our eyes, in our Provinces of France that is to say Guienne, Province, Normandy, Britain, which notwithstanding the infinite infesting troubles of that Kingdom, never offered to break again.  
We see the like effect, in all the Kingdoms of Spain, which are mutually Naturalised as Leon, Castille, Valentia, Andaluzia, Granada, and the rest, except Arragon which held the contrary course, and therefore had the contrary success, as it was said of Portugal, of which there is not yet sufficient trial, and lastly we see the like effect, 
England never severed after once united.  in our own Nation, which never rend asunder after it was united, so as we now scarce know whether the Heptarchy were a Story or a Fable, and therefore (Master Speaker) when I revolve with myself, these examples and others, so lively expressing the necessity of a Naturalisation to avoid a relapse into a separation, and do here see many arguments and scruples on the other side, it makes me think on the old Bishop which upon a public disputation of certain Christian Divines, with some learned men of the heathen, did extremely press to be heard, and they were loath to suffer him, because they knew he was unlearned, though otherwise an holy, and well meaning man, But at last, with much ado he got to be heard, and when he came to speak, in stead of using Argument, he did only say over his belief, but did it with such assurance and constancy, that it did strike the minds of those that heard him, more than any Argument had done, and so (Master Speaker) against all these witty and subtle Arguments, I say I do believe, and I would be sorry to be found a prophet in it, that except we proceed with this Naturalisation, though not perhaps in his Majesty's time, who hath such interest in both nations, yet in the mean time of his Discendants, these realms will be in continual danger, to divide and break again, now if any man be of that careless mind, Maneat mors ea, ea cura nepotes.  
Or of that hard mind to leave things to be tried by the sharpest sword, sure I am, he is not of Saint Paul's opinion, who affirmeth that whosoever useth not foresight and provision for his family, is worse than an unbeliever, much more if we shall not use foresight, for these two Kingdoms, that comprehend in them so many families, but leave things open to the peril of future divisions, and thus have I expressed unto you, what inconveniences, of all others sink deepest with me, as the most weighty, neither doth their want other inconveniences (Master Speaker) the effects and influence whereof, I fear will not be adjourned to so long a day, as this that I have spoken of, But I leave it to your considerations, and wisdoms, to consider, whether you do not think, in case by the denial of this Naturalisation, any Pike, alienation, or unkindness, I do not say should be, but should be thought to be, or noised to be between these two Nations, whether it will not quicken or exite, all the envious, and malicious humours, wheresoever (which are now covered) against us, either foreign or at home, and so open the way to practice, 
A binding inconvenience.  and other Engines, and machinations, to the disturbance of this State. As for that other inconvenience, it is too binding and too pressing to be spoken of, and may do better a great deal in your minds then in my mouth, or the mouth of any man else, because as I have said it doth press our liberty too fare, and therefore (M. Speaker) I come to this third general part of my division, concerning the benefit which we shall purchase, by knitting this knot, surer and straighter, between these two Kingdoms, by the Communicating of Naturalisation.  
The benefits may appear to be two, the one surety the other greatness, touching surety (Master Speaker) it was well said by Titus Quintus the Roman, 
The benefit of Surety.  touching the State of Pelopenesus, that the Tortoise is safe within her shell, Testudo inter tegumen tutaest, but if there be any parts that lie open, they endanger all the rest, we know well, that although the state at this time be in a happy peace, yet for the time past, the more ancient enemy is the French, and the more late the Spaniard, and both these had as it were, their several postern gates, whereby they might have approach and entrance, to annoy us, France had Scotland and Spain had Ireland, for these were but the two accesses which did comfort and encourage, both these enemies to assail and trouble us, we see that of Scotland is cut off, by the Union of these two Kingdoms, if that it shall be made constant and permanent, that of Ireland is cut off likewise by the convenient situation of the North of Scotland, towards the North of Ireland, where the sore was, which we see being suddenly closed by means of this salve, so that as now there are no parts of the State exposed to danger to be a temptation to the ambition of Foreigners, but their approaches and avenues are taken away, for I do little doubt but these Forreners, which had so little success, when they had those advantages, will have much less comfort, now that they be taken from them, and so much for surety.  
For greatness (Master Speaker) I think a man may speak it soberly, 
The benefit of greatness.  and without bravery, that this Kingdom of England, having Scotland united; Ireland reduced, the Sea provinces of the low Countries Contracted, and shipping maintained, is one or the greatest Monarchies, in forces truly esteemed, that hath been in the World, for certainly the Kingdoms here on earth, have a resemblance with the Kingdom of Heaven, which our Saviour compareth not to any great Kernel or nut, but to a very small grain, yet such an one as is apt to grow and spread, and such do I take to be the Constitution of this Kingdom, if indeed our Country be referred to greatness and power, and not quenched too much with the consideration of utility and wealth, for (M. Speaker) was it not think you a true answer, that Solon of Greece made to rich King Croesus of Lydia, when he shown unto him a great quantity of Gold that he had gathered together in ostentation of his greatness and might, but Solon said to him contrary to his expectation, why Sir, if an other come that hath better Iron than you, he will be Lord of all your Gold; neither is the authority of Machiavelli to be despised, who scorneth the proverb of State, taken first from a speech of Mucianus, that moneys are the sinews of wars, and saith, there are no true sinews of wars, but the very Arms of valiant men.  
Nay more (Master Speaker) whosoever shall look into the seminary, 
The beginning of Monarchies founded in poverty  and beginning of the Monarchy of the world, he shall find them founded in poverty.  
Persia a Countery barren and poor in respect of Media whom they seduced. 
Macedon.   
Macedon a Kingdom ignoble, and mercenary until Philip the Son of Amintas.  
Rome had poor and pastoral beginning. 
Rome.   
The Tuoks a band of Sarmathian Scitheses, 
The Turks.  that in a vagabond manner made impression upon that part of Asia which is called Turcomania, out of which, after much varieties of fortune, sprung the Ottoman family now the terror of the World.  
So we know the Goths, Vandals, Alans, Huns, Lombard's, Normans, and the rest of the Northern people, in one age of the World, made their descent and expedition upon the Roman Empire, and came not as rovers to carry away prey and begun again, but planted themselves in a number of rich and fruitful Provinces, where not only their generations, but their names remain to this day, witness Lombardy, Catalonia, a name compounded of Goth and Alan, Andaluzia, a name corrupted from Vandelitia, Hungaria, Normandy, and others.  
Nay the fortune of the Swisseses of late years, 
The Swissers.  which are bred in a barren and mountenous Country, is not to be forgotten, who first ruined the duke of Burgundy, the same who had almost ruined the Kingdom of France, what time after the battle near Granson, The rich Jewel of Burgundy, prised at many thousands, was sold for a few pence, by a common Swiss, that knew no more what a jewel meant, then did Esopes Cock; and again, the same Nation in revenge of a scorn was the ruin of the French Kings affairs in Italy, Lewis the 12. for that King, when he was pressed somewhat rudely, by an agent of the Swissers, to raise their pensions, broke into words of choler, (what saith he) will these villains of the mountain put a task upon me, which words lost him his Duchy of Milan, and chased him out of Italy.  
All which examples (Master Speaker) do well prove Solon's opinion, of the authority and Majesty that Iron hath over Gold, and therefore if I shall speak unto you mine own heart, me thinks we should a little disdain, that the Nation of Spain, which howsoever of late it hath begun to rule, yet of ancient time, served many ages, first under Carthage, then under Rome, after under Saracens, Goths and others, should of late years take unto them that Spirit, as to dream of a monarchy in the West, according to that devise, vidi Solem Orientem in Occidente, only because they have raised, from some wild, and unarmed people, Mines and store of Gold, and on the other side, that this Island of Britain, seated and named as it is, and that hath, I make no question, the best Iron in the World, that is the best soldiers of the World, shall think of nothing but accounts and audits, and meum & tuum and I cannot tell what.  
(Master Speaker) I have I take it, gone through the parts which I propounded to myself, wherein if any man shall think I have sung a placebo, for mine own particular, I would have him know that I am not so unseen in the world, but that I discern, it were much alike for my private fortune a tacebo, as to sing a placebo in this business, But I have spoken out of the Fountain of my heart, Credidi propter quod locutus sum, I believed, therefore I spoke, so as my duty is performed, The Judgements is yours, God direct it for the best.  
FINIS.