Vade Mecum: OR, A COMPANION FOR A CHIRURGEON: fitted for times of peace or war.  
Compendiously showing the young Artist the use of every several Instrument belonging to a CHIRURGEON; and the virtues and qualities of all such Medicines as are needful and necessary, with the manner of compounding them, according to the most approved Authors.  
As also the perfect cure of green wounds, either incised or contused, Ulcers, Fistulaes', Fractures, and Dislocations.  
To which is added the manner of making Reports before a Judge of Assize, of any one that hath come to an untimely end.  
By THO. BRUGIS Doctor in Physic.  
LONDON, Printed by T. H. for THOMAS WILLIAM at the sign of the Bible in Little Britain, 1652.   


T. Cross sculpsit   several scenes: a doctor examining a patient, preparing medicine, tools   

The Preface.  
EVery thing in the world is a natural vision, which we ought to see and understand, for the more clear apprehension of the invisible Majesty of God, but of all these man is the most to be admired, being the worthiest & most excellent of all the Creator's works, for whom God made all that was made. There are some that hold an opinion that only Nature was the first cause of things, and that there is no other God than Nature, but they are easily overthrown if they consider, That Prima causa quod superiorem non agnoscat a qua suum esse acceperit, ipsa sui ipsius causa est, natura verò non a seipsa sed a principio superiori existit, cum enim finita sit (ut ex Coelorum motu patet) ab alio certè definita est, nihil siquidem seipsum definite, ad haec si natura seipsum fecerit (quae primae causae proprietas est) certe seipsum fecit naturaliter, quae vero naturaliter fiunt ex praeexistente materia fiunt, ut si natura facta sit naturaliter eam ex materia praeexistente fieri oportuerit, quod si statuatur natura nondum existente consequiter aliquid factum esse naturaliter, & naturam aliquid fecisse priusquam ipsamet existent, non est ergo natura prima rerum causa.  
That God made man and all things else in the world, and subjected them to the power of man, cannot be denied, and why he did this Plato tells you: Ut a Deo bono opera bona fierent, si ergo quaerimus, saith one, quis faecerit, Deus est, si per quod, dixit fiat, & facta sunt, si quare fiat, quia bonus est, nec enim auctor est excellentior Deo, nec ars efficacior Dei verbo, nec causa melior quam ut bonum crearetur a Deo bono. Now although all these things were created of divers natures and properties, yet by the incomprehensible wisdom of the Creator, they were appointed to tend to one certain and common end, namely, to serve man, and in him to show forth the infinite power and greatness of their work master. But in man alone the treasures of his heavenly graces are without comparison more liberally unfolded, and that in all fullness and bounty as well in regard of the goods and commodities of this life, as also in respect of the assured happiness and eternal felicity, which by the especial grace of God is purchased and assured to him only in the immortality of the second life.  
And forasmuch as every Country is not furnished with all sorts of things (God having so disposed thereof) that some should abound with those things which others greatly want and stand in need of, the omnipotent providence hath taught us the means of transporting by water from one country to another, with small loss, trouble, & charges, so that one Nation may communicate those commodities to another, which the Creator hath bestowed upon them all, each granting mutual help to the other by this means.  
Now this great masterpiece of the Creator, the best part of nothing, for whom all these were made, through his disobedience, pride, ambition, intemperance, incredulity, curiosity, from whence proceeded original sin, and that general corruption of mankind, as from a fountain flowed all bad inclinations, and actual transgressions which cause our several calamities inflicted upon us for our sins, and are the impulsive causes of all the miseries attending man; these cause the privation and destruction of God's image, the cause of death and diseases, of all temporal and eternal punishments; from hence likewise proceed the instrumental causes of our infirmities, which are as divers as the infirmities themselves, stars, heavens, elements, etc. and all the creatures which God hath made are armed against sinners; they were indeed once good in themselves, and that they are now many of them pernicious to us, is not in their nature but our corruption which hath caused it, as an ancient Philosopher notes to us by a comparison of those that sail in a Ship upon the water, who are not above two or three fingers distant from death, namely so far off as the thickness of the planks and timber of the Ship is, in which they are carried into the Sea, for if that timber were taken away from under them, they cannot avoid drowning; but we have death a great deal nearer to us, we carry it about us by infinite causes and means, whereby we are every hour in danger of stifling, poisoning, drowning, etc. and that both waking and sleeping, eating and drinking, at all times and in all places wherever we become. It hath pleased the omnipotent Creator out of his own mere mercy, and great providence, to give knowledge and understanding of the virtues and qualities of the creatures which he hath placed in the world, and of them to compound Medicines to withstand all such diseases as shall happen upon the bodies of this most noble Fabric. Next therefore to God, we ought in all our extremities to seek to and rely upon the Physician, who is Manus Dei, and to whom he hath given knowledge, that he might be glorified in his wondrous works; read Ecclesiasticus the thirty eight Chapter, where you may find what honour and respect belongs to the Physician, but not meaning every one that steals the name of a Physician, for there be many Mountebanks, Quacksalvers, Empirics, in every street almost, and in every village, that take upon them this name, and make this divine, noble, and profitable Art to be evil spoken of, and contemned, by reason of such base and illiterate Artificers.  
You have heard what the subject is the Artist hath to work upon, the excellency whereof I would have him diligently to consider, by contemplating the Heavens, the Earth, the Seas, and all the creatures therein, their excellency and admirable beauty, which were only created for the use of man, and are maintained and preserved in their being, and moving, by one and the same divine providence always like unto itself.  
Next let him consider with what care, diligence, and respect, he ought to behave himself towards this noble piece of workmanship, and to that end let the Artist be honest, having a good conscience, doing nothing in his profession negligently, or rashly, which may be offensive either to God or man; but let him be godly, pitiful, affable, courteous, pleasant, bountiful, merry, and mild towards his poor Patients, and profitable to the ignorant, not being moved to passion by their peevishness, but regarding wholly what they stand in need of, always having God the searcher of all hearts and judge of all actions, before his eyes, who to those that do well, and discharge a good conscience towards their Patients, will crown with greater and more precious rewards then ever can be had from any mortal man. Let him have his Latin tongue at least, and that not only for a little matter of discourse, as many in these days conceive themselves to be thought scholars, if now and then they tumble out some short sentence of Latin, which they pronounce bad, and understand worse; but let him have it after the purest manner, that he may not only understand any Latin Author, but also any Physician's Bill, and may be able to write a Bill himself; neither let him think it sufficient to be knowing in the ancient and modern rules of his Art, but he must apply himself to handle those things Artist-like which shall come in his way beyond the old precepts; for we every day meet with new things, and therefore he must endeavour himself to gain the knowledge of Simples, their nature and quality, and the goodness of them, both by the sight, taste, smell and touch, to know the good from the indifferent, and the indifferent from the bad, as also at what time he should gather his Roots, Herbs, Flowers, Seeds, and Fruits, and how to dry them and lay them up, that they may be kept from putrefaction; he must also observe the due boiling of Emplasters, Unguents, etc. to know what medicines shall be boiled in Brass, what in Tin, and what in Iron, and what are to be stirred with iron Spatulaes', what with wooden, as you shall find in divers Compositions; let the Artist also have a strong, stable, and intrepide hand, and a mind resolute and merciless; I mean so as that when he takes any to heal, he be not moved to make more haste than the time requires, or to cut less than is needful, but let him do all things as if he were nothing affected with their cries, not giving heed to the judgement of the vain common-people, and idle prating women, who speak ill of Artists merely out of ignorance.  
Let him eschew all bad qualities especially pride, gluttony, covetousness, which as they are odious in any person, so they are most detestable in Chirurgeons, he being so much drawn from his practice by these vices, that he ruins the bodies of many, yea and of divers the souls also; I would wish the Artist to be so free from the first, namely, pride, and that he vouchsafe to do for the meanest and poorest of people, as much as for the greatest and richest, for they are all alike in the sight of God; if thou seest a poor wretch lying in misery wanting the painful hand of some Artist, let him not be nice, lazy, or disdainful, but compassionate to the meanest creature, as he would desire others to do to him; and let him not refuse this in any manner of disease as fearing infection, but let him go on boldly, in the fear of God, his calling being lawful; let him encourage himself with this, that no disease is infectious to him, that he is bound to visit the diseased, which who so neglecteth, God will find him out with that disease or a worse; and know this that the meanest of thy Patients dying, through thy neglect, their blood will cry to God for revenge.  
Gluttony is a vice which extremely hinders the Artist from following his Calling as he ought, being given up so much to the excess of meat and drink, that they are not capable of doing any thing that is good: A great many there are who term themselves Artists, who mind nothing but their bellies; some cannot pass away the day unless they begin in the Alehouse assoon as they rise out of their beds, and so continue until night; some think they cannot entertain their friends, nor be accounted good fellows, nor good company, unless they drink so long as they can stand, which indeed not only overthrows their own healths, but the healths also and lives of others, who sending to them for help, run in a drunken fit and fall to cutting, burning, and torturing, the poor Patient to their utter undoing, not knowing what they do, nor how to do any thing aright, and this course of life is it which makes them so sottish, stupid and blockish, that they are not fit to undertake or do any thing about a Christian, yet will they venture upon any thing though never so drunk, and from hence happen so many evil accidents as are daily seen by Patients receiving Physic, blouding, dressing, etc. from drunken Artists; as convulsions, palsies, pricking of nerves, distempers in wounds, and from thence fevers, and death itself. And this many will not be sensible of, but if they stand in need of the Artists help they find him at the Alehouse, where his discourse is scurrility, his summum bonum a pot of Ale; and to the first demand, he answers with three or four great oaths, and speaks high with some strange terms, neither understood by his Patient, nor himself, enough to fright him; O that's a brave man, a learned man, I warrant him, and ready in his work! when indeed he is skilful in nothing but unskilfulness; for how can a man expect any good from him who spends his time in such a manner? whereas our ancient Chirurgeons laboured day and night to attain to the perfection of the Art, as diligently as Tully speaks of himself, Nullus mihi per otium dies exit, partem noctis studiis dedico, non vero somno sed oculos vigilia fatigatos, cadentesque in operam detineo; yet could gain the depth of it. And this let the Artist observe, that though he be ever learning, yet he shall never learn half of that he ought to know, for vita brevis ars longa, let him therefore follow his practice and study, laying aside the pot and pipe, which will but render him odious and contemptible in the sight of God and man, and unapt and unprofitable to prosecute any good thing, either in his Calling, or otherwise; I need not herein enlarge myself, what I have rehearsed, is too well known, I will only give you the true description of them in a few words, Atlantes videri volunt, quum sint statuae lapideae, fungi forsan & bardi, nihil a saxon differentes, viles scurrae, idiotae, circumforanei, vagi asini, praeter in verecundum frontem adferentes nihil, vulgares quisdam quisquilius & scholarium quaedam nugamenta, indigna quae vel recipiantur in triviis; quum interim docti viri, & vitae sanctioris ornamentïs prae ditibis iniqua sorte serviant puris nominibus nuncupati, humiles, obscuri, multoque digniores licet, egentes inhonorati, vitam privam privatam agunt.  
Covetousness is as ill beseeming an Artist as any other vice, being the root of all evils; from it arise all the mischiefs in the world, quarrels, strifes, suits, hatred, envy, thefts, polings, sackings, wars, murders, poison, etc. from hence it is that God is forgotten, our neighbour hated, and many times the son forgiveth not his Father, neither the Brother his Brother, merely for the desire of gain. Truly I must needs say thus much for myself, that finding i● so detestable in all men, but especially in a Physician, I have (to mine own power) vowed the utter ruin thereof, neither shall I ever be reconciled to it with any persuasion, whatsoever: Hipocrates in his Epistle to Cratena an Hearbarist, gives him this good counsel, that if it were possible amongst other Herbs he should cut up that Weed of Covetousness by the roots, that there be no remainder left, and then know this for a certain, that together with their bodies thou mayst quickly cure all the diseases of their minds. John Maria Duke of Milan chastised very justly though severely the Covetousness of a Curate who denied the burial of a dead body, because his Widow had not wherewithal to pay him the charges of the burial, the Duke himself going to the funerals of the dead, where he caused the Priest to be bound to the coarse, and so cast them both into one pit. And truly I could wish that all Artists who do deny their help or their medicines to the poor should have some such punishment inflicted upon them, for it is the ruin of many a poor wrech, who lieth languishing, and perisheth for want of means to send to the Physician or Chirurgeon.  
But be thou neither careless nor covetous Harpey-like, to make a prey of thy Patient by prolonging and wyer-drawing thy cure so long as there is any hope of pay: Non missura cutem nisi plena cruroris hirudo: But as I have said endeavour thyself to live chastely, soberly, and civility in thy conversation, that thou mayest be blameless before God and man; let him always give care to the discourses of the Learned; for Aristotle's rule is, that the more knowledge a man hath, the greater occasion of doubting is offered. Be sure thou search into the nature and cause of the grief thou undertakest, else will it be impossible for thee to prescribe a remedy to the sick party: a disease known (saith the proverb) is half cured.  
Never administer any medicine, but first make thy supplication to the Almighty for his Assistance to thine endeavours: and whensoever thou hast cured any patiented, forget not to give him humble thanks for making thee the instrument of his glory in restoring health to the sick. These two are so often omitted by Artists, that many times they miss of their purpose, and the divine Art is thereby scandalised; Multa in homine bona fiunt quae non facit homo, nulla vero facit homo quae non Deus praestet ut faciat homo, saith a learned Divine.  
Presume not too much on thy own wisdom and virtue, lest thou be'st lifted up with a vain confidence, and puffed up with pride, for when men are carried with an inordinate and blind love of themselves they are soon persuaded that there is nothing in them worthy to be despised, yea they think that their ignorance is wisdom, insomuch that knowing nothing, they suppose they know all things, and having no dexterity to perform any one commendable work, they presume very inconsiderately to set their hand to every great matter; but the more care and diligence they bestow, being led with a desire to show great skill, and thinking to win honour and renown, so much the more they discover their ignorance and blockishness, purchasing to themselves shame and infamy: For a man to know himself to be ignorant, is the best science, and so necessary for men, that without it they cannot be truly skilful; for as I said before, the ignorant person that knoweth not himself to be such an one, but supposeth he knoweth that which he doth not, indeed is as unteachable a beast as can be. There are held to be two main defects of wit, error and ignorance, to which all others are reduced; by ignorance we know not things necessary, by error we know them falsely; ignorance is a privation, error a positive act; from ignorance comes vice, from error heresy. Socrates who by the oracle was declared to be the wisest man then living, was greatly commended by the Ancients, because he said he knew but only one thing; namely, That he was ignorant, and knew nothing. These things being observed, I doubt not, but the Artist may proceed in his work boldly, and with good success. But I know what some will answer to all this I have said, they will me as Phaedra did her Nurse, quae loqueris vera sunt, sed suror suggerit sequi pejora.  
Now a word or two to the Patient: Thou seest in every Village a sort of Mountebanks, Empirics, Quacksalvers, Paracelsians (as they call themselves) Wizards, Alchemists, Poor-vicars, cast Apothecaries, and Physicians men, Barbers, and Goodwives that profess great skill, go with the name of Doctor, which title perhaps they bought at some beyond-sea University, where they bestow this degree upon such people for their money; the phrase they use is, Accipiamus pecuniam, demittamus asinum, and so with this title of Doctorasse, away he flies into all Countries possessing the people with stories and false tales, and leads them to the destruction of their bodies, if not of souls too, that an able Physician or Chirurgeon, who hath undergone a great deal of hardship to benefit himself in his Art, can scarcely mantain himself, or know who shall be his Patients, and these kind of creatures will give a dram, and promise to restore a maidenhead, and do it without danger, make an abort if need be, keep down their paps, hinder conception, procure lust, make them able with provocatives, and how and then step in themselves.  
But beware of these kind of creatures, and if thou needest the Artist help, find him out by these rules I have before prescribed, and conform thyself as much to him as is possible, and be content to be ruled by him, else all his endeavours will be to no good end. Be not too niggardly miserable of thy purse, or think it too much thou bestowest upon thyself, for in seeking to save charges thou mayest endanger thy health: Do not conceal thy grief through bashfulness, but fully disclose it, otherways thou dost thyself great injury; have a strong desire to be cured, and a great conceit that thou shalt receive cure; defer not too long before thou seekest out for help, venienti occurite morbo, for by this means many times, or through thy ignorance in not taking notice of thy disease, and the danger of it, contempt, shamefastness, supine negligence, extenuation, wretchedness, and peevishness, they undo themselves, and often out of a foolish humour of shamefastness, they will rather die then discover their disease; on the other side do not entertain that foolish fancy of aggravating thy grief, that upon every small passion, slight imperfection, or petty impediment, if their finger do but ache, presently run, ride, send for the Doctor, and when he comes, all is not worth speaking of; be constant to him thou beginnest with, not changing upon with every slight occasion, or disliking him upon every toy, aeger qui plurimos consulit medicos plerumque in errorem singulorum cadit; again, nihil ita sanitatem impedit ac remediorum crebra mutatio, nec venit valnus ad cicatricem in quo diversa medicamenta tentantur. I have known those that have been so much guilty of this, that when things have not fallen out according to their mind, or that they have not present ease, to run to another, and another, twenty, one after another, and they still promise all to cure them, try a thousand remedies, and by this means they increase their malady, and make it most dangerous and difficult to be cured. Be not bold in trying conclusions upon thyself without a Physician's advice and consent; if thou readest a receipt in a book makes thee believe a certain cure, yet trust it not, for many instead of Physic, have this way taken poison, operari ex libris absque cognition & solerti ingenio periculosum est.  
Think not the worse of the Artist if what he prescribes work not an immediate effect, for divers things may hinder the operation of a well applied medicine. 1. As if the Patient through the extraordinary corruption of his body, and the decay of the humidum radical be come to the last period of his life. 2. The Artist may chance to send his Bill to an unknown Apothecary, who through negligence or ignorance may alter the medicine. 3. The working of the medicine is hindered by the Patients staying too long before he seeks for help, and so the disease hath got so much hold that it hath too much over mastered nature. 4. Because the Patient obeyeth not precisely the rules prescribed. 5. Because every body is not so fit to receive medicines at all times as may happen by the evil influence of some star, or the natural averseness of the patiented. 6. The miserableness, and covetousness of the Patient, who thinks much to give or bestow any thing either upon the Artist, or upon himself, when to say the truth, no wages is gotten more honestly, nor earned more painfully. 8. Imagination as I have told, is a main matter, for the conceit and confidence of the Patient towards the Artist, will forward or hinder the cure of a malady. Possess not thyself with an opinion, that many have who when they are sick refuse to send for the help of the Artist, saying, That if their time be come they die, that if they shall be ordained to cure, they shall be cured without the help of Art, and with Pliny say, Omnis morbus laethalis aut curabilis in vitam desinit aut in mortem. Vtroque igitur medicina inutilis, si laethalis curari non potest, si curabilis non requirit medium natura expellet. But if this Dilemma should hold good, God had given the medicinal knowledge in vain, had also created divers things in vain which is not to be disputed, for Physic is Donum Dei, and as great as any that ever God bestowed upon man, and by it the life of man is preserved, and the radical moisture nourished, even as the fire is increased and nourished by adding combustible matter. I shall not enlarge myself in discoursing the excellency of this Art, nor which of the three is most honourable, to wit, Physic, Pharmacy, or Chirurgery, but only add thus much, that they are all three so depending one upon another, that they cannot be separated, and in times past they were all performed by one man, though now pride and idlensse hath made them three Professions; yet to say truly, whosoever professeth one, must be skilful in the other two, else he cannot perform his work aright.  
Now a word or two to the Reader concerning my writing this Book, and so I shall conclude, I know I must undergo the censures of many; some will say, Why did I publish any thing in our mother tongue concerning the Art of healing, that it will not be accounted of any worth, because none will imagine that an Artist will publish his knowledge in so easy a way, that every one may be made as knowing as himself, and especially in this scribbling age, when there are so many Pamphlets of Physic, Surgery, Pharmacy, Receipts, etc. thrust forth every day; as one very well said, Tenet insanabile multos scribendo Cacoethes. Indeed I must confess, I do venture my credit upon a great uncertainty; but I must tell you, tnat perusing the books that have lately issued into the public, I find them so poor, barren, and indeed nothing at all to that purpose, they pretend by their titles, either some kind of foolish Empirical receipts collected out of old manuscripts, or else invectives against the divine Art of healing, and the sons thereof merely out of a devilish mind, casting base scandalous aspersions upon that reverend Society of Professors, whereby ignorant people are extremely abused; now that I might discover the errors and abuses which these base companions have hatched in these times, and withal considering that bonum quo communius eo melius, I have taken the pains to publish this Book, wherein I have plainly and truly (though briefly discoursed) the most part of the practice of Chirurgery in a more easy and certain way then ever yet was published in the English tongue, and that way which I myself used for seven years in these late unnatural Civill-wars according to the method of our Ancients, not rejecting their medicines because they were old, and therefore obsolete, for by these few which I have here mentioned, being careful and diligent, thou mayst cure any wound, Ulcer, or Fistula that is curable by Art, without any new devises which many use, that they may be thereby counted famous, because they have something of their own invention which they count beyond any of Galen or Hypocrates, to the overthrow, and utter undoing of many a person; and therefore I do with Dido Queen of Carthage, haud ignara malis miseris succurrere disco. But you will object, that I might as well have waved this employment, being it is but actum agere, that there are divers elaborate pieces written by judicious men concerning this Art, so that what I have written is merely stolen from others, the cream of other men's wit, flowers taken out of other men's gardens: Truly I cannot deny but for the most part it is, only give me leave with Terence, Nihil dictum quod non dictum prius, methodus sola artificem ostendit, saith weckerus, so that I may justly say, Omne meum, nihil meum. I have laboriously collected these few flowers into one bundle, the Composition only mine, and after that manner as never any yet was published in English, though it is the true method of all our Ancient Artists.  
As for the rudeness of the language, and the several faults which some I know will find with it; I answer only thus, Non dubito multos lectores hic fore stultos, and a time may come wherein I may do as much for them. Well be it how it will, when all is done, Laudamur ab his, culpamur ah illis, my great occasions employing me other ways, were the cause that, Feci nec quod potui, nec quod volui; howsoever let me desire the Reader to accept of my good will, who have not written, ad ostentationem, as I have before told you, and at the next impression I shall enlarge myself to the great benefit of the diligent Artist. Farewell.  
From my Chamber at Rickmersworth in Hertfordshire, this 20. of September, 1651.   

VADE MECUM: OR, A Companion for a Chirurgeon.  
THE Artist being armed with these and the like Instructions, let him be provided with a handsome Plaster Box, and Salvatory; his Instruments in his Plaster Box kept clean, bright, and sharp, his Salvatory furnished with these Unguents following, and his Plaster Box with these Instruments, viz.  

An Incision knife  
A pair of Sizzers  
A Spatula  
2. Small Probes  
An Uuula spoon  
A Levatory  
A capital Instrument  
A stitching quill with three square pointed needls of several sizes, well set.  
A Director.  
A pair of Forceps.  
A Spatula linguae.  
A phlegm.  
A small razor.   
His Salvatory shall be furnished with these Unguents following: 

Basilicon,  
Arcaeus liminent,  
Golden Ointment,  
Apostles Ointment,  
Lucatullies' Balsam,  
Diapompholigos,  
Nutritum,  
Red desiccative,    
In time of War let hrm provide these Instruments following, which are seldom used but then.  
Crow's Bills, Terebellium, Catch Bullet straight and crooked, Incision shears, screw, probe.  
His Study I would have furnished with these things following, that may be ready upon occasion.  

A dismembering knife,  
A Trafine,  
A Headsaw,  
A Dismembering saw,  
A Speculum oris,  
A clyster syringe  
A Cathaeter  
Cupping glass'  
Blood porringers  
Spatula Mundana  
Splintes  
Junkes  
A Speculum avi,  
Cauterizing irons,  
Large spatulaes,  
Forceps for teeth, & a punch, a small siring.  
Diet pot  
Clyster pot  
Mortar and pestle  
Weights and scales  
Searces, strainers.  
Tape  
Tow.  
Sponges  
Clouts  
Rulers  
Thread and Needles to make rulers  
A case of Lancets always ready in his pocket.   

Emplasters.  
Stictick Paracelsus  
Diacalciteos  
Bettony plaster  
Mellilote plaster  
The lesser diachyl  
Griseum  
Oxycroceum  
Great Diachylon with gums  
Red lead plaster  
Ceroneum  
Vigoes great basilicon  
Diasulphuris  
Nicotian  
Sir Philip Paris plaster.   

Unguents.  
Aegyptiacum  
White ointment with Camphire  
Populeon  
Dialthaea  
Hony and Soap  
Arregon  
Martiacum  
Agrippae  
Tutia  
Spleen Ointment.   

Oils of  
Roses  
Dill  
Camomile  
Worms  
Lilies  
Elder flowers  
Rue  
Pepper  
Fox  
Castoreum  
Euphorbium  
Linseed  
Amber  
Nutmegs chim  
Costus  
Wax  
St. John's wort comp.  
Eggs  
Whelps  
Olives, Bays  
Sweet almonds  
Bitter almonds  
Vitriol  
Sulphur  
Antimony  
Myrtells  
Origanum.  
Bricks  
Turpentine  
Spike.   

Waters of  
Mints  
Sassafras  
Holy thistle  
treacle  
Roses red, dam. white  
Plantain  
Balm  
Angelica  
Wormwood  
Anniseeds  
Cinnamon  
Celestial Water  
Doctor Stevens  
Common Lotion.  
Strong Lie  
Vinegar  
Vinegar of Roses  
Ver juice  
Spirit of Wine.   

Syrups of  
Wormwood  
Lymons  
Poppies  
Roses solutine  
Violets.  
Diamoron  
Sloes  
Oxymel simple  
Honey of Roses.   

Conserves of  
Red Roses, Sloes  
Rosemary flowers  
Borage flowers  
Barberries  
Quinces  
Woodsorrel.   

Electuaries.  
London treacle  
Venice treacle  
Diatessaron  
Diaphaenicon  
Confectio Alkermes  
Electuary of the Egg  
Mithridate.  
Diacatholicon.   

Opiates.  
Diascordium  
Laudanum Paracelsi  
Philonium Romanum, & persicum.   

Pills.  
Aureae sine quibus de Euphorbio.  
Cochiae Ruffi de Euphorbio.   

Laxatives.  
Confectio Hamech  
Pulvis Arthreticus  
Aloes simple, Jobeb.  
Benedicta laxativa  
Aloes Rosata   

Simples.  
Rhubarb  
Polypody  
Hearts horn casped  
Heart's horn burnt  
Euphorbium  
Saffron  
China  
Salsaparilla  
Guiacum  
Licorice  
Juice of Licorice  
Licorice powder.  
French Barley  
Anniseeds  
Fennel seeds  
Carraway seeds  
Cummin seeds  
Fenugreeke seed  
White starch  
Sugar  
Nutmegs  
Myrrh  
Mastic  
Pitch  
Rosin  
Turpentine  
Wax, yellow and white  
Heart's suet  
Hogs suet  
Sperma Caeti  
Dragons blood  
Cantharideses  
Bolus  
Allome  
Allome burned  
Linseed  
White copperess  
Album Graecum  
Wheat bran  
Mildust.   

Flower of  
Beanes  
Barley  
Wheat.   

Corrosives.  
Trochisks of red Lead  
Praecipitate  
Quicksilver  
Lapis Medicamentosus  
Burnt Copperas.   

Honey.  
NExt I shall show you how to use every several instrument before mentioned, together with the composition of all these rehearsed medicines, with the natures, qualities, and operations of every one of them, according to the most approved Authors, and the best modern practice.  

Certain instructions concerning the use of such instruments as I have mentioned in this Book.  
And first of the Incision knife.  
THe use of this instrument is to cut the skin, or flesh upon needful occasions, in paring away the putrid part of a gangrenous member, after dismembering in making fontanellas, or issues, in opening apostemes, in scarifications, in using the cuppinglasse, etc.  
Let this Instrument be always kept clean and bright, by being rubbed dry after it hath been used, and sharp as any razor. Let the Artist ever hid it from the Patient's sight with a cloth, and also all other sharp Instruments, for divers reasons.   

Of the ordinary Sizzers.  
THe Sizzers be very useful to cut cloth for Roulers, Lint, and Emplasters, to cut, and clip off proud flesh, lose skin, putrid flesh, or ends of sinews.   

Of the Spatula.  
THe Spatula is used to spread Emplasters, to mingle your Unguents on your palm of your hand, to cover your Pledgets, also to mingle and stir Unguents and Emplasters in the composition; and of these I wish the Artist to have divers sorts of several sizes, of Iron and of wood kept very clean and handsome.   

Of the small Probes.  
THe Probe cannot be missing in the Surgeons Plaister-box, for without it can nothing be done artificially. The use of it is to arm the eye with soft lints, and with the other end to sound, or make probation of the depth of a wound: sometime the small end armed with lint, is dipped in some Oil, or liquor, and conveyed into the bottom of an Ulcer, or Fistula, thereby to mundify, corrode, or heal the grief, according as occasion shall offer itself.   

Of the Uuula Spoon.  
THis Instrument serveth so put pepper, Salt, and fine Bowl in, and putting it under the Uuula, or palate of the mouth, being fallen, and blowing the powder into the cavity behind it throw the hollow pipe: It also serveth to warm a medicine in, as Unguents, to dip in Tents when you want an ordinary spoon, also to pour scalding Oil, or liquor into a wound, whereto I do constantly use it in green wounds as hereafter you shall find in the ensuing discourse of curing of wounds.   

Of the Levatory.  
THe Levatory is a necessary Instrument to elevate a depressed Cranium, or Skull, but the Artist shall in no wise be over curious, or hasty in the using it; for if he see no evil symptoms appear he may expect natures work, by which he shall perceive the skull depressed to rise and scale admirably. It may also serve many times to take off a scale of a bone after amputation of the fingers, or toes.   

Of the stitching Quill and Needles.  
THese are instruments that cannot be miss in your Plaister-box; you shall therefore have in your stitching Quill at least three needles of several sizes or bigness, with square points, well set, and ready armed with green, or red silk oiled, your needles always kept oiled, and clean from rust, in want of silk at any time upon necessity you may use thread, rubbing it with some kind of emplaster: You must also have in your said stitching Quill a Tailor's needle or two with thread to sow your rollers, & make them fast in the rolling of wounds, fractures, or dislocations.   

Of the Director.  
THe Director is an Instrument to guide and direct the Incision knife, in dilation or enlarging a wound, when you are near any vessels. They are also used in cutting for the stone.   

Of the Forceps.  
THese are used to take of Emplasters, Pledgets, and Tents, to take out a spill of a bone, to hold up any piece of superfluous flesh or skin, thereby, the better to cut it with the sizzers, or incision knife, to take out any thing that may chance into the ear, nostrils, mouth, or throat, to take out a bullet lying within reach, or any thing that is offensive in a wound, and is an Instrument of continual, and very necessary use in Chirurgery.   

Spatula Linguae.  
THe Spatula linguae, or speculum linguae is much like an ordinary spatula at one end, only it is perforated and cut through, the better to hold the tongue down without slipping off; the other end is made to scrape the tongue that is furred in Fevers, Cankers, or other affects of the mouth, it is used to hold down the tongue when you inject any liquor into the throat, or apply any medicine to the mouth or throat, or when you would make inspection into the mouth or throat in any affects of the Uuula, or in Quinces, Cankers, or excoriations of the mouth or gums.   

The Phlegm  
IS an Instrument used to open the gums, and separate them from the tooth you intent to pull out, compassing the tooth with the round sharp end thereof close to the tooth, piercing deeper by little and little, until you feel it as low as the jaw bone: Some use to open a vein with this instrument, but for mine own part, I do, disallow it as very uncertain, and dangerous for touching the Nerves, or greater, vessels.   

Next we must look into the Salvatory to see what Unguents we have there, to declare the Composition of them, their Virtues and Uses.   

Of first of Basilicon.  
BAsilicon is an Unguent used almost in all kinds of wounds, ulcers & apostumes, either per se or mixed with other unguents, for it hath the virtue to heat, humect, and mitigate pain: it digesteth & incarnateth wounds and ulcers, and suppurateth apostumes, either hot or cold, being somewhat thick spread upon cloth or leather, and it mitigateth the pain thereof. It is likewise very fitly used with Praecipitate, Aegyptiacum, or any corroding medicine, making them work with more case, and better mundifies: it is also good for burn and scaldings; and is thus made.  

℞. Cerae flavae.  
Resinae pinguis.  
Picis graecae, of each half a pound.  
Olei, two pounds four ounces.   
Melt the Rosin and the Pitch, in the Oil, then add the Wax and boil them to a just consistence.   

Lineament of Arcaeus.  
THis Arcaeus Lineament is a sovereign balm, not to be sufficiently commended in all wounds whatsoever, especially in those of the head, where it doth, merely of itself, all the intentions of healing, the Flux of blood being first stayed; for it digesteth, mundifieth, incarnateth, and cleatrizeth, it defendeth from accidents, and is very avodine: I have divers times applied it mixed with other unguents to painful ulcers, and fistulas with good success: it is made as followeth.  

℞. Gummi elemni. Of each 1. ounce and half.  
Teribinthinae abietinae. Of each 1. ounce and half.  
Sevi veruecini antiqui & liquefacti, 2 ounces.  
Pinguedinis Porcinae antique, & liquefactae, one ounce.   
Dissolve the Gum in Sack, and evaporate the Sack, then put in the fats, and lastly the terebinte, and mingle them well together.   

The golden Ointment.  
THis unguent is used to incarn wounds and ulcers, being first mundified, and it is a most precious balm to heal them; it is a good healer of burn and scaldings, the fire first taken out; the composition is as followeth.  

℞. Cerae flavae, one pound.  
Olei, two pound and half.  
Terebinthinae, two ounces.  
Resinae pinae Of each one ounce and half.  
Coloplioniae Of each one ounce and half.  
Thuris Of each one ounce.  
Mastices Of each one ounce.  
Croci, one dram.   
Dissolve the Mastic in Sack, then put in the Oil, Rosin, Colophony, and Frankincense, and when they are well melted scrape in the Wax, melt that, and then add the Turpentine, and lastly the Saffron when you take it off.   

Unguent Apostolorum.  
WE commonly use this Unguent to cleanse and scour foul Ulcers and Fistula's, and to make a good ground for healing; it abateth spongeous flesh, and is of temperature hot and dry; and is made as followeth.  

℞. Terebinthinae Of each fourteen drams.  
Resinae Of each fourteen drams.  
Cerae albae Of each fourteen drams.  
Ammoniaci Of each fourteen drams.  
Rad. Aristolochiae longae of each six dams.  
Thuris masculi of each six dams.  
Bdellii of each six dams.  
Myrrhae, Galbani Of each half an ounce.  
Oppoponax, Floris aeris Of each two dams.  
Lithargyti Nine dams.  
Olei, If it be Summer, two pounds,  
If Winter, three pounds.  
Aceti, as much as will suffice to dissolve the Ammoniacum, Galbanum and Oppoponax.  
Make the Ointment according to Art.    

Lukatullies' Balsam.  
IT is good for burns, inflammations, fresh wounds, ulcers, fistulas, being poured in scalding hot; for so I use it to incarn fresh wounds. In bruises, ulcers of the reins, stone in kidneys, or bladder, with difficulty of making water, I use to give one drachma in Sack for bruises, in white wine for tha stone: it is made as followeth.  

Olei, one pound and half.  
Vini Hispanici, one pound.   
Boil them to the consumption of half the Sack, then scrape in   

Cerae albae, three ounces.  
Boil them until all the wine be consumed: take it from the fire and put in  
Terebintinae,  
Venetae purae, washed in Rose water six ounces.  
Boil them a little, then take them from the fire, & sprinkle in half an ounce of red  in powder, and stir it until it be cold, lest the  lie in the bottom.   

Unguent Diapompholigos.  
IS good to heal painful ulcers in any part of the body, especially of the yard, or betwixt glans and preputium, as also any fretting, or painful ulcers of the legs, or elsewhere. It is very much used before all other unguents in ulcers of the yard, and against all violent, painful, and corrosive ulcers, there is scarce a better known. In Noli me tangere in the face, it hath been well experienced. and is very useful in divers occasions: it is made as followeth:  

Olei Rosati, sixteen ounces.  
Succi Solavi, six ounces.   
Boil them until the juice be consumed: then add 

Cerae alba, five ounces.  
Cerussae lotae, two ounces.  
Plumbi usti & loti One ounce.  
Pompholigos prae. One ounce.  
Thuris puri One ounce.    
Make them into the form of an Unguent according to Art.   

Unguent Nutritum, or Triapharmacum.  
THis Unguent is used in curing Erisipula's, excoriations, or bladdering of the skin, and such as are called the shingles It is good to take out the fire in burn and scaldings, and it hindereth the falling down of any moist humour to any ulcer in any part of the body, being spread upon cap paper thin, and laid over the whole distempered part; also against any slight scabbiness or itching humour whencesoever it is. It is an especial good defensative against any scalding, or vicious humour flowing to any ulcer; I do often mix it with other unguents in curing ulcers, the composition is as followeth.  

lethargy auri, seared very fine, half a pound.  
Olei Rosati one pound  
Aceti four ounces.   
Put the lethargy into a mortar, power into it now a little Oil, than a little Vinegar, working them up and down very well, until the lethargy hath drunk up all the liquor, and come to the consistence of an Ointment, and white.   

Desiccativum rubrum  
IS used to dry up and siccatrize ulcers, that by reason of their moisture are hard to siccatrize; it is used spread on Lint, either by itself, or mixed with a little Diapompholigos: it is thus made.  
℞ Olei Rosati omphacini, one pound and half.  
Cerae albae, five ounces.  
Melt them together, and put them into a leaden mortar, and sprinkle into them:  

Terrae lemniae, or boli armeni of each four ounces.  
Lapidis calaminaris, finely beaten of each four ounces.  
Litargyri auri,  
Cerussae, of each three ounces.  
Camphorae, one dram.   
Work them all very well together in the mortar to the form of an Unguent.  
These are for the Salvatory; next I shall show you the making of the Emplasters, and then take the rest in order.    

Emplasters.  

And first of Sticticum Paracelsi.  
IT is an admirable Emplaster for the curing wounds and stabs, and also in the cure of all dangerous wounds whatsoever: it hath the precedence aswell for contused wounds, as incised; for it assuageth pain, defendeth from accidents, discusseth, mollifieth, attracteth, incarneth, digesteth, consolidates, and is good for any old ache, proceeding of a cold cause; it is especial good for ulcers on the legs, or elsewhere, in any part of the body. It is very excellent in wounds of the head: it separateth the foul from the good flesh, as I have experienced in members amputated in the putrid part, and hinders the growth of that which is naught.  
It is a sure remedy for cut nerves, or bruised.  
It draws out iron, wood, or lead from wounds being only laid upon them.  
It cures the biting and sting of venomous beasts, and draws out the poison.  
It maturates apostumes of any sort, being laid upon them.  
It is an especial remedy against cancers, fistulas, scrophula, Ignem Persicum.  
It easeth all pains of wounds or strokes.  
It is good for ruptures.  
Where the head is, inflated shave away the hairs, and lay on this Emplaster and it cures it.  
It easeth the pains the back being applied.  
It will last in full force at lean fifty years: the composition which I use is thus made:  

℞ Minii of each half a pound.  
Lapidis calaminaris of each half a pound.  
Lithagyri auri & argenti of each three ounces.  
Olei lini & olivi, of each one pound and half.  
Olei laurini, half a pound.  
Cerae, Colophoniae, of each one pound.  
Vernicis, terebinthinae, of each half a pound.  
Oppoponax of each three ounces.  
Galbani of each three ounces.  
Serapini of each three ounces.  
Ammoniaci of each three ounces.  
Bdellii of each three ounces.  
Succini flavi of each, one ounce.  
Olibani of each, one ounce.  
Myrrh Alexandrinae of each, one ounce.  
Aloes epaticae of each, one ounce.  
Aristolochiae longae, rotundae, of each, one ounce.  
Mummiae transmarinae, of each one ounce and half.  
Magnetis, Hematitis of each one ounce and half.  
Corallorum alborum & rubeorum.  
Matris Perlarum of each one ounce.  
Sanguis Draconis of each one once.  
Terrae medicatae strigensis of each one ounce.  
Vitrioli albi of each one ounce.  
Florum Antimonii two dams.  
Croci Martis as much.  
Camphurae one ounce.    

The manner of preparing it is thus.  
THE five gums must be steeped in Vinegar, melted, and the Vinegar evaporated, and the gums strained through a pretty thick canvas, than boiled again, and again strained; and because of the dregs which will be strained out, therefore must the dose of your gums be increased: being thus used, let them be put into a clean pan, upon a gentle fire, until they be thick.  
Put your Linseed oil and Salad oil into another pan and put to them the litarge of gold and silver, and let them boil ever stirring them, until the oil be coloured, then put in the Calaminaris in powder, and a little after add the red lead working them together for almost two hours, and until they be almost boiled enough, which you may prove by putting a drop upon your nail, and if it congeal and run not abroad, than it is enough.  
Then add the varnish, oil of bays, wax, and colophony, and when they be all well mixed, and melted, then warm your pan with the gums, and presently pour into it all that is in the second pan, stirring it very fast, that it may incorporate as it runs into the gums, and let your pan stand all this while on warm coals, but beware of boiling, for then your gums will go one way, and your oils another: afterwards put in the powders by degrees, still stirring it for about an hour. Lastly, add your Camphor dissolved in oil of Juniper; if it be too hard, then put in a little more wax and Colophony.  
Yond shall know when it is boiled enough, by putting a stick with some drops of the Emplaster on it into cold water; if it be soft and stick to thy fingers, than it must be boiled longer, until it wax harder. Then take it from the fire, and pour it into a great vessel full of fair water, and work it out with your hands anointed with the oils of camomile, roses, juniper, earthwormes, Hypericon, of each a like quantity mingled together, work it thus about three or four homes, and make it up in rolls, and keep them in soft leather.  
In the composition of this Emplaster, you shall according to Paracelsus, observe three intentions: viz.  
1 The healing by reason of the wax and Colophony.  
2 The taking away of accidents, which is by gums: viz. Oppoponax, Galbanum, Sagapenum, Bdellium, Ammoniacum.  
3 The putrefaction (for there is no wound without accidents, but is subject to putrefaction, as worms, and evil flesh growing up) which is taken away, and hindered by those things which do so greatly consolidate, at the mastic, mirth, and the like.  
4 That the part be preserved from filth, sands, dry scales, cramp, convulsion, Rupor, and the like accidents, which is done through the strength of the minerals, to wit the lethargy, and Led Antimony, Cerase, Merchas●e, Calaminaris, and the like. And so much coming concerning Pa●●●elsi.   

Diacalciteos or Diapalma,  
IS an Emplaster that mitigateth pain, and is a good defensative against all venomous humours, and is used last in wounds, and ulcers, to induce a cicatrice, which it is very good for; also it hath a very good quality to assuage the pain in the small of the back, proceeding from distempered kidneys coming of a hot cause, as well concerning the stone, and gravel, as in the gonorrhoea: and dissolved or relented with oil of roses, or elders, or of linseed: it is a very good medicine to heal burn and scaldings.  
I do use it in fractures after the first opening, covering the member at least two hands breadth upon the fracture, with the Emplaster spread upon cloth, and in great inflammation in summer time, I do dissolve it in oil of roses, and so apply it to the fracture: it is thus made:  

℞ Axungiae porcinae insulsae, vetustae, à membranis purgatae, two pounds.  
Olei veteris, argenti spumae ritae & cretae, of each three pounds.  
Chalcitidis ustae levigatae, four ounces.   
Make it after this manner:  
First boil the lethargy, oil, and fat, a good while, ever stirring it with an oaken stick newly cut, and the skin peeled off, and when it is grown thick, then take it from the fire and put in the white vitriol in want of true Chalcites, and work and incorporate them well together, and thou shalt have a good Emplaster, which must be cooled, and made up in rolls.   

Emplaster of Bettony,  
IS an especial plaster for wounds in the head.  
It is good in green wounds and ulcers in any part of the body.  
It mitigateth inflammation.  
It detergeth, agglutinateth, and incarneth, and also cicatrizeth: and is thus made: 

℞ Succi Bettonicae Of each one pound.  
Plantaginis Of each one pound.  
Appii Of each one pound.  
Cerae Of each half a pound.  
Picis Of each half a pound.  
Resinae Of each half a pound.  
Terebinthinae Of each half a pound.   Boil the Wax and Rosin in the juices, always stirring them, until the juices be wasted, then add the Teribint and Pitch, incorporating them well, by stirring.   

Emplaistrum Griseum, or of Lapis Calaminaris.  
THis Emplaster I do commonly use in healing Ulcers, which are hard to be cicatrized, and it is marvellous good in curing Buboes, as well Venereal as Pestilential. It is also the most incarnative of any Emplaster that is in use. The composition is after this manner.  

℞. Lapidis calaminaris prae, one ounce.  
lethargy, two ounces.  
Caerussae, half an ounce.  
Tutiae, one dram.  
Terebinthinae, six dams.  
Cerae albae, one ounce and half.  
Sevi cervini, two ounces.  
Thuris electi, five dams.  
Mastiches, three dams.  
Myrrhae, two dams.  
Caphurae, one dram and half.  
Cerae, & Sevi Cervini, as much as will serve of each to reduce the rest of the ingredients into form of an emplaster.    

Of the compound melilot Emplaster.  
THis Emplaster is good in green wounds, for it draweth, and healeth well; also it attracteth and bringeth forward a cold apostume, and the Emplaster melilot Simplex, which is made of the juice of melilot, Camomile, and Wormwood, with Rosin, Turpentine, and Wax, is an especial secret, and the best, and onlyest thing I ever knew in curing kibed heels, and chilblains, either broken or before they are broken; I do use it often upon gunshot wounds to keep the orrifice open, and to warm and comfort the part. The compound Emplaster is made as followeth: 

℞. Florum Meliloti, six ounces.  
Florum Camomeli, Of each three dams.  
Seminis Faenugraeci, Of each three dams.  
Baccaram Lauri, Of each three dams.  
Radicum altheae, Of each three dams.  
Majoranae, Of each three dams.  
Comarum absinthii. Of each three dams.  
Sem. appii, Of each one dram and half.  
Ireos, Of each one dram and half.  
Cyperi, Of each one dram and half.  
Spicae nardi, Of each one dram and half.  
Cassiae ligneae, Of each one dram and half.  
Sem. ameos, Of each one dram and half.  
Amoniaci, ten drams.  
Styracis calamitae, Of each five drams.  
Bdellii, Of each five drams.  
Terebinthinae, one ounce and half.  
Ficuum pinguium, N. twelve.  
Sevi Hircini, Of each two ounces and half.  
Resinae, Of each two ounces and half.  
Cerae, six ounces.  
Olei Sampsuchini nardini, Of each as much as shall suffice.  
℞. Meliloti novi, Of each as much as shall suffice.  
& Fenugraeci, Of each as much as shall suffice.  
& Camomeli, shall suffice.   Boil them in two pound of water to the half, then strain them and put to the Liquor those of the former ingredients finely powdered, which are to be beaten, adding the roots, and Figs first boiled and pulped; then boil them again continually stirring them lest they burn; lastly add your Oils. Turpentine, Wax, Fat, and Rosin, all first melted together, and the gums dissolved in vinegar, and so boil them altogether a little, incorporating them well with your spatula.   

Of Dyachilon parvum.  
THis Emplaster is very good to dissolve schirrhous tumors of the Liver, spleen, reins, belly, or else where, as the composition will show, being all of mollifying and discussing ingredients; it serveth generally for hot or cold causes, but chief for hot. It is much used to women's breasts in childbed, when they desire to dry up their milk, being spread upon linen cloth, and applied over all the breast, and towards the armepit. It is thus compounded.  

℞. Mucilaginis Faenugraeci, Of each 1 pound.  
Sem. Lini, Of each 1 pound.  
Rad. Altheae, Of each 1 pound.  
Olei veteris clari, three pound.  
lethargy, one pound and half.   
Let the lethargy be finely beaten, and put to the Oil, and boiled with a gentle fire, stirring it well with a splatter, until they be well mixed, take them from the fire and let them cool a while, than power into the pan your mucilages, and mingle them well, and boil them to an Emplaster of good consistence.   

Dyachilon magnum, with gums.  
THis Diachylon dissolveth, maturateth, and mollifieth hardnesses, and is principally good in apostumes; and is compounded after this manner: 

℞. lethargy auri tenuissime pulverissat, one pound.  
Olei Irini Of each eight ounces.  
Avethini Of each eight ounces.  
Camomelini Of each eight ounces.  
Mucilaginis rad. Altheae Of each 12 drams and half.  
Sem. lini Of each 12 drams and half.  
Fenugraeci Of each 12 drams and half.  
Uvarum passarum Of each 12 drams and half.  
Caricarium pinguium Of each 12 drams and half.  
Icthyocollae Of each 12 drams and half.  
Succi Ireos Of each 12 drams and half.  
Scillae Of each 12 drams and half.  
Oesypi vel Olei ex pedibus ovillis, Of each 12 drams and half.  
Terebinthinae, three ounces.  
Resinae pinae Of each two ounces.  
Cerae flavae Of each two ounces.   Mingle them and make up your Emplaster, S. a. then ℞. these gums following: 

Bdellii Of each one ounce.  
Sagapeni. Of each one ounce.  
Amoniaci Of each one ounce.   Dissolve the gums in Wine, strain them, and boil them to the thickness of honey, and put them to the aforesaid lump of Emplaster: and so you have Diachylon magnum cum gummis.   

Emplastrum Oxycroceum,  
IS avodine, attracting, mollifying and comforting; assuageth pains of the Gout proceeding of a cold cause, and is good in cold aches, and by the attracting virtue it hath, it draweth out vapours, per poros cutis, or the sweat vents in the skin, whereby it often unladeth the body of vicious and naughty humours, which otherwise might endanger the Patient. It is thus made: 

℞. Croci Of each four ounces.  
Picis navalis Of each four ounces.  
Colophoniae Of each four ounces.  
Cerae Of each four ounces.  
Terebinthinae Of each one ounce and three dams.  
Galbani Of each one ounce and three dams.  
Ammoniaci Of each one ounce and three dams.  
Myrrhae Of each one ounce and three dams.  
Olibani Of each one ounce and three dams.  
Mastices. Of each one ounce and three dams.   Compound it after this manner: first melt your Wax, Colophony and Turpentine together, then take it from the fire, and put in the Pitch while it is yet hot, then add your Galbanum ammoniacum, Frankinscence and Myrrh dissolved in vinegar; next put in your Mastic in fine powder, and lastly your Saffron steeped in vinegar and powdered; and so make your Emplaster according to Art.   

Emplastrum de minio.  
THis red Lead plaster discusseth humours, assuageth pains, mollifieth, repelleth; and is commonly used upon wounds and ulcers to further good healing, and induce a cicatrize; it is used in bruised and wrenched joints, if you use Mr. GALES composition, which I have made use of several times, and also both to mundify, incarnate and cicatrize.  

The composition of the ordinary Minium Plaster sold in shops is as followeth:  
℞. Minii, nine ounces.  
Olei Rosati, one pound and half.  
Aceti vini albi, six ounces.   
Boil them to the just consistence of an Emplaster, let your red Lead be beaten, and fearced very fine, boil your Oil and vinegar together till half the vinegar be wasted, then put in your Minium, and boil it till the vinegar be quite consumed, and the Plaster look blackish.  

It is also prepared without Vinegar in this manner.  
℞. Minii, one pound.  
Olei Rosati, one pound and half.  
Wax, four ounces.   
First put your Oil on the fire with your Minium finely powdered, boiling it with stirring until the colour change to blackish, then slice in the Wax, and boil it to the just consistence.  

The other of Vigoe is thus:  
℞. Olei Rosati oderiferi, one pound and half.  
Olei myrtini, Of each four ounces.  
Unguenti populei, Of each four ounces.  
Pinguedinis Gallinae, two ounces.  
Sevi castrati, Of each half a pound.  
Vaccini, Of each half a pound.  
Axungiae porcinae, seven ounces.  
lethargy auri argenti, three ounces and half.  
Cerussae, four ounces.  
Minii, three ounces.  
Teribinthinae, ten ounces.  
Cerae, as much as shall suffice.   
Melt all your fats in your Oils, then put in your minerals finely fearced, and boil them until they begin to turn blackish, then add your Turpentine and Populeon, and lastly scrape in your Wax and boil it up.   

Emplaistrum Ceroneum.  
THis Emplaster is very good against any grief of the shoulders, or breast; it easeth the Liver, Spleen, and guts, helpeth the three sorts of Dropsies; cures the pains of the upper guts, and the extreme fits of the Colic; comforts the reins, and bladder; applied to the Loins and breast often, it amendeth the distempers of them, it availeth much in the griefs of the matrix; it helps the Gout, Sciatica, and pain in the joints; apply it to the stomach of those that have cold Fevers, and it helps them; it cures the bitings of mad Dogs, and the stingings of Serpents, Snakes, or other venomous creatures, and is made as followeth: 

℞. Picis (Navalis i. ex navibus vetustis derasae quae multiplicem aquae marinae loturum sunt expertae.)  
Cerae flavae illotae, of each seven drams.  
Sagapeni, six drams  
Ammoniaci Of each four drams.  
Terebinthinae Of each four drams.  
Colophoniae Of each four drams.  
Croci Of each four drams.  
Aloes Of each four drams.  
Thuris masculi Of each three drams.  
Myrrhae Of each three drams.  
Stiraces Calamitae  
Mastiches  
Oppoponacis Of each two drams.  
Galbani Of each two drams.  
Alluminis Of each two drams.  
Sem, Fenugreci Of each two drams.  
Confitae i faecis liquidae Styracis  
Bdelli, of each one dram.  
lethargy, half a dram.   The manner of compounding I need not set down, because there is not any ingredient in this, nor any the ensuing Emplasters which is not repeated in the former Recipes, with the ordering of them severally.   

Basilicon magnum Vigo.  
THis Emplaster of Vigo I have found singular for fresh cuts, and very incarnative in Ulcers, and all sorts of wounds; and is good in fractures after the seventh day, and is made as followeth: 

℞. Pinguedinis porcinae  
Sevi vitulini  
Castrati, of each half a pound.  
Sevi Hircini  
Vermium terrest. prae.  
Picis navalis.  
Resinae pineae, of each two ounces.  
Olei Rosati, eight ounces.  
Succi mellifoliis  
Caprifolii, of each three ounces.  
Foliorum & sem. Hyperici, of each one handful.   Seethe them until the Juices be wasted, then strain them and put to the Liquor, 

Minii  
Terrae sigilatae, finely beaten. of each one ounce and half  
lethargy utriusque, of each three ounces and half.   Seethe them, ever stirring them until they become blackish, and then add to them, 

Terebinthinae oped. six ounces.  
Mastiches tenuis. pulv. ten drams.  
Cerae albae, as much as shall suffice.   And boil it to an Emplaster, or cerot, which you will, for indeed VIGO calls it a cerot, but I use to put in as much wax as will make it an Emplaster.   

Emplaistrum Diasulphuris.  
THe Emplaster Diasulphuris is most excellent in the cure of all ulcers, of what sort soever, and is made as followeth: 

℞. Olei Sulphuris, three ounces.  
Cerae, half an ounce.  
Colophoniae, three drams.  
Myrrhae, as much in weight as all the rest.   Melt the Wax and Colophony in the Oil, and mix them well, then sprinkle in your Myrrh finely powdered, and boil them with a gentle fire, ever stirring it with a spatula until they are well mingled, then take it from the fire and make it up.   

Emplaistrum necotianis.  
THis Emplaster is hot and dry, it digesteth, resolveth, and drieth up humours that are cold, moist, thick, and clammy in the Scrophula, and other hard tumors springing from a cold cause; it mightily softens and resolves the Strumae, and all other hard tumors having their beginning from cold humours. The composition follows. 

℞ Succi Necotianae majoris, half a pound.  
Succi absinthii pontici majoris, three ounces.  
Oleorum hyperici  
Irini vel sambuci, of each one ounce and half.  
Foliorum absinthii pontici majoris  
Prunellae  
Scrophulariae majoris matthioli, of each one handful.  
Vini albi, one ounce and half.   Boil them altogether to the consumption of almost all the wine, and juices in a vessel of brass, always stirring it with a wooden spatula, then strain it in a press, then melt together these things following: 

Cerae flavae, four ounces.  
Sevi Hircini  
Terebinthinae, of each two ounces.  
Mastices of each one ounce finely powdered.  
Myrrhae of each one ounce finely powdered.  
Thuris, of each one ounce finely powdered.   and put them all together to the other Liquor, and boil them a little, then cool it, and make it up.   

Sir Philip Paris Emplaster,  
THis Emplaster is excellent for divers things, if you lay it upon the stomach it provoketh appetite, and taketh away any grief from the same; laid to the belly, it easeth the Colic speedily, laid to the reigns it stoppeth the bloody flux, running of the reins, heat of the kidneys, and weakness of the back; it healeth swell, aches, bruises; it breaketh felons, and aposthumes, and healeth them; it draweth out humours without breaking the skin: it healeth the diseases of the fundament: laid upon the head it helpeth the headache, uvula, and eyes: laid to the belly, it provoketh the months, and apteth the matrice for conception. The composition is as followeth: 

℞. Olei communis, two pounds.  
Minii of each one pound beaten small.  
Cerussae of each one pound beaten small.  
Saponis castilianis. twelve ounces.   Incorporate these well together in an earthen pan, Well glazed before you put them to boil, than put them upon a gentle fire of coals for one hour, ever stirring it with a spatula, then increase fire till the red turn grayish, continuing your stirring; drop a little upon a trencher, if it cleave not thereto, than it is enough; dip linen  therein and smooth them with a sleekstone, the rest make up in rolls, it will last twenty years.  
Let the Artist observe a true boiling of all Emplasters; for over much boiling not only makes the Emplaster too hard, but also evaporates the virtues of divers ingredients: likewise, too little boiling doth not incorporate them, neither will they stick upon the place, besides the inconvenience of carrying them; let all your gums in any Emplaster be finely powdered, dissolved in sack or Vinegar, and strained through a canvas, and the vinegar or sack evaporated at the fire, and then put to the rest, where turpentine or saffron are added it must be when the rest are boiled enough, giving them but two or three walmes after you have put them in; and with those emplasters which I have here set down, you need not fear to dress any wound whether incised or contused, or any ulcer of what sort soever.  
Next I shall show you what oils and unguents it is needful to have in readiness for store, and how ●ou shall make them, and they are these.  

Unguentum  
Aegyptiacum,  
Album camphoratum,  
Populeon,  
Mel saporis,  
Dialthaea,  
Arregon,  
Martiatum,  
Agrippa,  
Tutia,  
Spleneticum.    

And first of Aegyptiacum.  
THis unguent doth scour and mundify all rotten ulcers, and is best used scalding hot, for then the usual pain and corrosion it procureth will be the sooner passed over; in like manner, it is to be used in any venomous wounds made either with poisoned shot, or bitten with mad dogs, or any other venomous creature, or in great contused wounds, wherein for preventing them from the fear of a gangrene it excelleth; it serveth also to be used alone, or mixed with any lotion for ulcers of the mouth or throat, especially in the scurvy. This unguent drieth vehemently, and is abstersive of temperament hot and dry, and is made as followeth: 

℞. Eruginis, five drams.  
Mellis, fourteen drams.  
Aceti fortis, seven drams.   Boil them altogether to an ointment thick and red.   

Album Camphoratum.  
THe white ointment with Campheire is good to cool and heal any hot moist pustles; it cureth excoriation of the skin in any place, but chief in the yard, betwixt glans and praputium; it also healeth burn and scaldings very well, and is good to be applied to any painful ulcer, for it assuageth pain, and healeth well; it is cold, avodine, molificative, and attractive. It is made as followeth: 

℞. Olei Rosati, nine ounces.  
Cerussae bonae in aqua rosarum lotae, 3 ounces.  
Cerae albae, two ounces,   Make it into an ointment according to Art, if you will have it with Camphire, then add to this proportion of Camphire two drams.   

Vnguentum Populeon.  
THis Ointment serveth well to assuage the pains of the Scurvy, by anointing the parts grieved therewith, it assuageth pain in any part of the body, and it easeth the dolour of a caustick medicine by being applied cold upon a plegent to the place grieved: It procures sleep in Fevers, if you anoint the temples, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet therewith: it is cold and moist, and is made as followeth. 

℞ Occulorum populi arboris one pound and half.  
Recentium one pound and half.  
Axungiae porcinae recentis & insulsae three pounds.   Beat the buds and macerate them in the grease until such time as you may get these herbs following 

Foliorum papaveris nigri  
Mandragorae  
Cimarum rubri tenerimarum  
Foliorum hyosciami, of each three ounces. 

Solavi, of each three ounces.  
Lactucae, of each three ounces.  
Vermicularis, of each three ounces.    
Sedi seu sempervivi majoris, of each three ounces.  
Violarum, of each three ounces.  
Umbilici Veneris, of each three ounces.  
Burdanae, of each three ounces.   Beat them all and mingle them with the fat, and buds, and so let them stand ten days, than power to them a pint of Rosewater, and boil them with a gentle fire until the water and all the Liquor be consumed; cool it a little, and strain it, and if need be boil it again until it come to an ointment. In want of Mandrake take a double quantity of Henbane.   

Unguentum Dialthaea.  
THE Unguent of Draschaea, or Marshmallows is good against all pains of the breast, of a cold cause, and against the pleurisy; it warmeth, mollifieth, and comforteth all parts of the body, which are evil disposed through cold infirmities; it is good against stiffness, and pains in the joints in the scurvy. It is good for cut nerves, pains in the sides, and hardness of the sinews, and is resolutive: and is thus made.  

℞. Radicum altheae, two pounds.  
Sem. Lini,  
Faenugraeci, of each one pound.  
Scillae pulpae, half a pound.  
Olei, four pounds.  
Cerae, one pound.  
Terebinthinae of each two ounces.  
Gummi hederae of each two ounces.  
Galbani of each two ounces.  
Colophoniae Of each half a pound.  
Resinae Of each half a pound.   
Let the Roots be well washed and bruised, as also the Fenugreeck seed Linseed, and sea Onion, and then put them to macerate for three days in eight pound of water, the fourth day boil them, and strain out the Mucilage, or thick slime, and the, 

℞. of this Mucilage, two pounds.   And boil it with the Oil, until the juice be consumed, then put in the Wax, Rosin, and Colophony, and when they eaten melted, add your Turpentine, lastly your Galbanum and Gum of Ivy dissolved in vinegar must be put in, and so boil them all a little, then take it from the fire and stir it until it be almost quite cold, that all may well be incorporated together.   

Mel saponis.  
THis is made of Honey and Soap mixed together of each equal parts, and is applied for the first medicine to burn or scaldings to take out the fire, and is for that purpose exceeding good.   

Vnguentum Arregon.  
THis Ointment is called one of the four hot Ointments, and is generally good against all cold affects of the outward parts of the body; it much warmeth and comforteth the sinews; it is good against Convulsions, and Cramps; it is good to anoint the ridge bone of the back, and the Parts near the kidneys against the pains thereof, and also to anoint the stomach and belly, upon any cold grief; it is also good to anoint the body of them which have the quartane Fever, the falling sickness, the pains of the joints, and the like cold diseases: and is thus made: 

℞. Rosmarini, of each four ounces and half.  
Majoranae, of each four ounces and half.  
Serpylli, of each four ounces and half.  
Rutae, of each four ounces and half.  
Rad. Ariosto, of each four ounces and half.  
Rad. cucumeris agrestis, of each four ounces and half.  
Fol. Lauri, Of each four ounces.  
Salviae, Of each four ounces.  
Rad. bryoniae, Of each four ounces.  
Pulicariae, Of each four ounces.  
Laureolae, nine ounces.  
Fol. cucumeris asinini,  
Nepetae, of each half a pound.   Let all these be gathered in the month of May, and well cleansed, and beat them green, and macerate them seven days in six pound of the best Oil and one pint of Aqua vitae, then boil them until they be shrunk, and the water consumed, then strain the Oil in the which you shall melt these things following. 

Cerae, sixteen ounces.  
Adipis Ursini  
Olei Laurini, of each three ounces.  
Olei Moschelini, half an ounce.  
Petrolci, one ounce.  
Butyri, four ounces.   work these all well together, then strew into them these powders following. 

Mastiches, of each one ounce.  
Olibani, of each one ounce.  
Pyrethri, of each one ounce.  
Euphorbii, of each one ounce.  
Zinziberis, of each one ounce.  
Piperis, of each one ounce.   These being all finely powdered, must be sprinkled into the former, and so reduced into the form of an Unguent.   

Unguent Martiatum.  
THis Unguent as it is composed of many ingredients, so it is good for many griefs: for it discusseth cold causes in the head, sinews, and joints; it removeth pain from the breast, and stomach proceecing from cold, it prevaileth against convulsions, it helpeth the resolution of the sinews, dead palsy, and the hip-gout, the gout in the hands, or feet, and other joints of the body; it mollifieth hard pustles and tumours in the flesh; it assuageth the hard swell of the liver and spleen, easeth the pain in the small guts, and cureth the ache in the reins, and is chief used in Dropsies, and affects of the spleen: and is thus made. 

℞. Fol. Lauri, of each eight ounces.  
Rorismarini, of each eight ounces.  
Rutae, seven ounces.  
fol. tamarisci, six ounces.  
Ebuli  
Esbrii, vel Majoranae  
Sabinae  
Balsamitae, vel menthae aquaticae  
Salviae  
Ocymi  
Polii montani  
Calaminthae  
Artimesiae  
Enulae  
Betonicae  
Brancae ursinae  
Spargulae vel aparines  
Herbae venti,  
Vel parsetariae  
Pimpinellae  
Agrimoniae  
Absinthii  
Herbae Paralyseos  
Herbae sanctae Mariae  
Cymarum sambuci  
Crassulae majoris  
Sempervivi  
Millefoliis  
Chamedryos  
Centaurii minoris  
Quinque nervii, i. Plantaginis majoris  
Fragariae  
Tetrahit  
Quinque folii,   Of each of these four ounces and half.  

Radic. Altheae, of each three ounces.  
Sem. Cymini, of each three ounces.  
Myrrhae, of each three ounces.  
Fenugraeci, one ounce and half.  
Sem. Urticae majoris  
Violarum  
Papaveris rubri  
Mentastri  
Menthae Satinae  
Acetosae  
Pollitrichi  
Carduncelli  
Matrisylvae  
Butyri, ten drams.  
Adipis Ursini, Of each one ounce.  
Gallinacei, Of each one ounce.  
Mastiches, Of each one ounce.  
Thuris, Of each one ounce.  
Olei Nardini, two ounces.  
Cerae, two pounds.  
Maturellae  
Herbae moschatae  
Alleluiae  
Linguae Cervinae  
Crispulae  
Camphoratae  
Medullae Cervinae  
Styracis calamitae  
Of each half an ounce.   
Your herbs being all fresh shall be shred, and infused seven days in eight pound of Oil, and odoriferous Wine, on the eighth day boil them to the consumption of the Wine, cool it a little and strain it; then put in again your Oil into the pan and heat it on the fire gently, and being pretty warm put into it your butter, suet, fats, oil, and wax, next your storax dissolved in Wine, and a little Turpentine mingled with it, then powder your Mastic, Myrrh, and Frankincense, and sprinkle them into the rest, then mingle and incorporate them all well together with a spatula, and put them up.   

Vnguentum Agrippae.  
THis Ointment is good against the Dropsy, affects of the spleen, and pain in the belly; it doth mollify, attenuate, divide, and dissipate Oedemata corporis, as saith PHILIP BARROW; it is good in old affects of the sinews, easeth pain of the kidneys, and by anointing looseth the belly. It is thus made. 

℞. Rad. Bryoniae, two pounds.  
Rad. Cucumeris agrestis, one pound  
Scillae laminarum, half a pound.  
Rad. Ireos recentis, three ounces.  
Rad. filicis maris, of each two ounces  
Ebuli, of each two ounces  
Tribuli aquatici, vel Ariosto, of each two ounces   Beat them all fresh, and steep them in four pound of white sweet Oil the space of six or eight days, then boil them with a gentle fire, until the roots begin to shrink, then strain them, and put to your Oil of white wax ℥ ux. and melt them together to the consistence of an Unguent.   

Vnguentum Tutiae.  
THis Ointment is a good drier, and is used in distillations of the eyes, and is astringent, cooling, stopping, and filling up. It is thus made. 

℞. Tutiae praeparatae, two ounces.  
Lapidis calaminaris saepius usti & in aqua plantaginis extincti, one ounce.   Powder them very fine, then take. 

Axungiae porcinae, one pound and half.   Wish it in Rose water three or four times, then put into it your powders, and work them well together to an ointment. Instead of hog's grease you may make the ointment with unguent of Roses, and that willbe the best.   

Vuguentum Splenicum,  
IS used in affects of the spleen, and very necessary to be in readiness, and is made as followeth: 

℞. Olei Capparum, one ounce.  
Olei Lilliorum, of each half an ounce.  
Chamomelini, of each half an ounce.  
Butiri recentis, of each half an ounce.  
Succi brioniae, of each half an ounce.  
Cyclaminis, of each half an ounce.   Boil them to the consumption of the juices, and then add these things following.  
Ammoniaci aceto soluti, two drams and half. 

Pinguedinis gallinae, of each half an ounce.  
Medullae cruris vituli, of each half an ounce.  
Oesypi, of each half an ounce.  
Corticum rad. tamarisci, of each one dram.  
capparum, of each one dram.  
Ceterach, of each one dram.  
Rad. filicis, of each one dram.  
Pulv sem. Agnicasti, of each one scruple.  
Genistae, of each one scruple.  
Cerae, as much as will serve to make them up in the form of an Unguent.    
These are all Unguents very necessary for a Surgeon to have continually in store, for with these he may be able through his own practice to dress any wound, from the first to the last. Next we will look what Oils are fitting to be had, and those I conceive may be such as follow, that is,   

Oil of Roses.  
THis Oil is avodine, and doth refrigerate, and corroborate, and therefore is good against hot diseases, as Erysepilas etc. also with Mel Rosarum, it is a good balm for wounds in the head, and elsewhere, and hath divers other worthy uses in Chirurgery, and is thus made. 

℞. Oil Olive, one pound.   In the which you shall infuse four ounces of red Roses (gathered, blown and stamped in a mortar) in a glass vessel, and set them in the Sun for seven or eight days; then boil it a little, and strain it, and add as many more Roses, and Sun and strain them as you did the former, shaking them every day; do thus three several times, but let the last infusion stand forty days in the Sun, and then you may either set them up so, or strain them out which you will.   

Oil of Dill,  
IS avoydine and comforting; it concocteth crude tumors, causeth sleep, mitigateth the headache, refresheth the wearied members, strengtheneth the sinews, discusseth wind, is profitable for Convulsions, and assuageth aches, easeth pains, and hath many other good uses: and is thus made.  
℞. Oil Olive one pound.  
Flowers and leaves of Dill four ounces. Make three several infusions, as you did your Roses, to the last infusion you shall put four ounces of the juice of Dill, and boil the Oil gently until the juice be consumed.   

Oil of Camomile.  
Oil of Camomile resolveth moderately, and calefieth by anointing the parts grieved; it is good for the Colic, Stone, weariness, and for Aches, Fevers, and for all other things with the former; it is also very convenient in Clysters for all gripe and torsions of the guts, and yieldeth grtat comfort to the entrails by the good odour and warmth thereof. It is made by infusion forty days, with the flowers and oil olive, as before you did your Dill.   

Oil of Worms.  
THis oil of Earthworms helpeth the aches of the joints, in any part of the body and doth strengthen and comfort well the sinews weakened and pained; and is good against convulsions, and cramps, and is also a good balm for wounded sinews, and is made as followeth.  
℞ Vermium terrest●ium, half a pound. wash them well in white wine, and then put to them 

Olei communis, two pounds.  
Vini, eight ounces.   Boil them in a well g●afed vessel, until the wine be consumed, then strain it, and put it up.   

Oil of Lilies.  
THis oil doth moderately warm, and resolve, assuageth pain, mollifieth hard tumours, doth much mitigate the violence of diseases, and is very effectual against pains of the breast and stomach, and allayeth all the inordinate heat of the reins and bladder, and is good with other unctuous things to be used to anoint the lower parts of women in travel; it is made as your former oils of Lily flowers and oil, but the yellow spikes in the midst of the flowers must be thrown away.   

Oil of Rue,  
IS good for the pain in the knees, and greines, for the gout, pain of the head and midriff, sprung from a hot and dry cause. It warms and comforts the bladder, matrice and sides, and helps their griefs, and is made of rue bruised, and oil olive, as oil of roses is made.   

Oil of Pepper.  
Oil of pepper is good in any cold grief of the nerves, as the palsy, cramp, convulsion, trembling, and luxation; it helpeth the falling sickness, hip-gowt, and pains in the joints; it easeth the pains of the bacl, and colic, opens obstructions, and wonderfully helps the matrice; by calefying it and drying up the humidity thereof; it helpeth the cold griefs of the fundament, the diseases of the kidneys and bladder, and breaks the stone, and is made as followeth. 

℞ Piperis longi, of each three dams.  
Nigri, of each three dams.  
Albi, of each three dams.   

Myrobal.  
Chebularum of each five dams.  
Belliricarum of each five dams.  
Emblicarum of each five dams.  
Indarum, of each five dams.  
Rad. Apii, of each three dams and half.  
Faeniculi, of each three dams and half.  
Sagapeni, of each two dams and half.  
Opoponacis, of each two dams and half.  
Ammoniaci, of each two dams and half.  
Hyosciami, of each two dams and half.  
Turpeti, two dams.  
Zinziberis, th' ee dams.  
Surculorum Thymi recencium of each one handful  
Rutae viridis, of each one handful   steep them according to Art in sufficient quantity of Aquavitae, and oil of walflowers, two pound, then boil them to the consumption of the Aqua vitae.   

Oil of Fox.  
THis Oil is good for pain in the joints, gout, sciatica, and cureth the ache of the kidneys and back, and is compounded after this manner.  
℞ The fattest Fox you can get of a middle age, and well hunted, and newly killed, and garbage him quickly, and flay him, and cut him in small pieces, and break all his bones well, then boil him in 

White wine and  
Spring water, six pound.   Let him boil thus until half the liquor be wasted, very well scumming it at the first boiling, then put into the vessel.  

Olei antiqui dulcissimi, four pounds.  
Salis communis, three ounces.  
Florum salviae,  
Thymi, of each one pound.   
Then boil it again until almost all the water be consumed, and then pour into it eight pound of water wherein hath been well boiled one good handful of Dill, and another of Time, then boil them altogether her with an easy fire until all the water be wasted, then strain it, and separate the oil from the moisture, and keep it for thy use.   

Oil of Castoreum.  
THE oil of Castoreum, or Beavercod is good in all cold affects of the brain and nerves, if you anoint the back bone with it, it will cure the extreme shaking of Agues; it availeth much in the palsy, cramp, convulsions, and all joint ache; the composition is as followeth.  

℞. Castorei, Of each three drams.  
Stiraces Calamitae, Of each three drams.  
Galbani, Of each three drams.  
Euphorbii, Of each three drams.  
Cassiae ligneae, Of each three drams.  
Croci, Of each three drams.  
Opoponacis, Of each three drams.  
Carpobalsami sive cubebara, Of each three drams.  
Spicae nardi, Of each three drams.  
Costi, Of each three drams.  
Cyperi Of each two drams and half.  
Scaenanthus, Of each two drams and half.  
Piperis longi, Of each two drams and half.  
Nigri, Of each two drams and half.  
Sabinae, Of each two drams and half.  
Pyrethri, Of each two drams and half.  
Olei, three pounds.  
Vini Hispanici, two pounds.   
Dissolve the Galbanum and Oppoponax in the Sack, and beat all the rest, and put them and the Oil altogether into the Sack, and boil them in a double vessel; then strain them, and put to the Liquor the Gums being dissolved, and strained, and boil them again often stirring them, that the Gums may not stick in the bottom; let the storax be dissolved in wine by itself, and then put to it one dram and a half of Turpentine, and so mingle them altogether.   

Oil of Euphorbium  
Oil of Euphorbium is very excellent in all cold griefs of the Nerves, and pains in the joints caused by cold, it helpeth the pains of the Liver, and spleen, and is a good head purge against the megrim, Lethargy, and swimming in the head, and is thus made.  

℞. Stavidis agriae, of each half an ounce.  
Struthii vel saponariae, of each half an ounce.  
Pyrethri, six dams.  
Calaminthes' Montani siccae, one ounce & half.  
Costi, ten dams.  
Castorei, five dams.   
Bruise them and macerate them three days in three pints and a half of sweet wine, then boil them with one pint and a half of the oil of wall gillyflowers until the wine be almost wasted, then sprinkle into it of white fresh Euphórbium finely powdered half an ounce. Mingle them well together, and boil it to the just consistence.   

Oil of Amber.  
THis Oil is made by distillation, and is very good for the pain of the head, resolution of the sinews, and falling evil, if one drop or two be taken with water of Betony or Lavender, or in fair water it preserveth from poison, and mixed with parsley water, or malmsey, it is a singular remedy in discussing diseases of the Reins and Bladder, bringing forth the stone, and opening the passage of the urine; it profiteth in the Colic and strangullion; four drops put into a little Angelica water, and so given to a woman in travel, refresheth all the weak faculties of the body, confirmeth and openeth the brain; and is extolled by CROLLIUS for the admirablest medicine in the Apoplexy and Epilepsy; also for the Plague, if one drop be rubbed on the nostrils morning and evening, it preserveth the party; to one infected it is given from one scruple to two in Cardus water; you may also make up little cakes with sugar and some appropriate water, as Lavender water, betony water, water of lived flowers, and mingle with it some few drops of this oil, and let them be eaten by those that have the palsy, apoplexy, or falling sickness: In the fit of any of the aforesaid diseases, it is good to anoint the nape of the neck, and nostrils, or to cast a drop or two upon the coals, and hold the patient's head over them: if you anoint a few drops of it upon the breast, and nostrils of women affected with the diseases of the mother, it helpeth it and keepeth it in its place, and this the aforesaid cakes will do being eaten: it is available in fainting, or the passion of the heart; in agues three drops being taken in Cardus water at the coming of the fit, and so sweat upon it, and the ague willbe gone: it is good to dry a catarrhous rheum: it cures the toothache, proceeding from cold defluxions, if you mingle it with plantain water, and gargarise it. In the yellow jaundice given with water of endive, chicory, or selandine; in retention of women's months seven or eight drops in balm water helpeth: in vomiting of blood three drops given in colts foot water, turmentill water, or water of sloes it stayeth it; it cures the vertigo in the head, the megrim, and astonishtnes; taken in fennel water it mendeth the sight, and it helpeth the stitch in the side, and is thus made.  
℞. Amber powdered, twelve dams. Put it into a large glass, or a retort, and power to it as much of the sharpest white wine vinegar, let them digest in horsedung for eight days, then put to it twice so much dry sand or stints out of the river beaten to powder, and distil it according to Art with your retort in sand, increasing your degrees of fire as you see cause. This oil must be rectified out of sand or salt, and then washed with rain water.   

Oil of Nutmegs.  
THis oil being drunk with wine driveth down women's months, and also the quick and dead fruit; the same it doth if it be given in a spoon with a little sugar; being taken with wine it takes away all pains of the head coming of cold; it comforts the maw, and opens the liver, milt, and kidneys; it is excellent against beating of the heart, and faintness and swooning, if ye drink thereof, and anoint the region of the heart therewith; it makes good blood, and expelleth phlegmatic and melancholic humours, and makes a man merry; being used at night it takes away all fancies and dreams: if any had a wound or a broken rib by a fall or stroke let him drink this oil with any wound drink, and it will help marvellously: it is good in all filthy sores, and for all cold diseases of the joints and sinews; it makes sweet breath, it helps the spleen if the left side be anointed; it helps all affects of the bladder if it be drunk, and is thus made.  

℞ Nucis moschatae contusae, five pounds.  
Aquae fontanae, fifty pounds.   
Macerate them the space of four and twenty hours, then distil them in a large Limbeck with a cooler.   

Oil of Costus.  
THis oil warmeth and comforfeth the nerves, and sinews and opens their oppilations; it also comforts all the nervous parts; it is good for the stomach, liver, and the falling of the hair, hinders baldness, and makes a good colour, and smell of the whole body; it is made as followeth.  

℞. Costi amari, two ounces.  
Cassiae ligneae, one ounce.  
Summitatum sampsuci, eight ounces.   
Bruise them and macerate them two days in sufficient wine, then boil them in three pounds of oil olive washed with wine, in a double vessel, until the wine be wasted.   

Ole of Wax.  
Oil of Bee's wax healeth wounds contused, and incised, laying a cloth wet therein on the wound, being first joined together by stitching; taken one dram with white wine, it stayeth the shedding of the hair on the head or beard, the place being anointed therewith; it provokes urine being stopped; it helps stitches, and pains in the loins, taking the said quantity in white wine; it helpeth the cold gout, or sciatica, and all other griefs coming of cold, and is thus made.  

R. Yellow wax, one pound.   
Melt it and put to it powder of tile shards three pound, mingle them and put them in a retort, and draw out the oil with a convenient heat; you may rectify it in a retort without tiles, by adding water. Your fire shall be made above the retort until it leave hissing, then make it under your retort.   

Oil of St. John's wort compound.  
THis is an admirable balm for wounds, being used as hot as it can be endured, and at the first dressing, hotter: it is a sure medicine for all venomous wounds, all bitings of mad dogs, or of venomous worms, very hot applied, and the parts about anointed therewith warm, and a good cordial given inwardly: it is good in wounds either incised, contused, or stabbed, and is indeed so excellent that you need use no other oil; it is a comfortable medicine against all pains, aches, and witherings of the outward limbs proceeding of cold causes, using it warm with good friction, and a plaster of Burgundy pitch spread on leather, and applied thereon, or rather the stiptict plaster of Paracelsus▪ the composition is as followeth.  

℞. Vini albi potentis three pounds.  
Summitatum Hyperici maturarum, four handsfull.   
Bruise them, and macerate them in the wine, in a glass vessel well stopped for two days, then boil it in a double vessel, and strain it hard and put to the liquor mote flowers and tops of S. John's wort as you did before, do this three times, and then strain it, and put to the liquor for every pound.  

Olei veteris, four pound.  
Tereb nthmae, six ounces.  
Olei absinthii, three ounces.  
Dictamni, of each two dams.  
Gentianae, of each two dams.  
Cardui benedicti, of each two dams.  
Tormentillae, of each two dams.  
Carlinae vel cardui Mariae, of each two dams.  
Calami aromatici, of each two dams.  
Lumbricorum pluries in vino lotorum, two ounces.   
Bruise them all and put them to the rest, and stop them close, and scum them forty days, than put them up.   

Oil of Elders.  
THE Oil of Elder flowers doth lenify and purge the skin, jam good for the obstructions of the liver, helpful for the joints and nerves pained, the parts grieved being anointed therewith; given in Clysters it provoketh stools, healeth the yellow-jaundise, amendeth belly-ache, and easeth the pains thereof, and is made as followeth.  
R. Elder-flowers and oil-olive infused as you do oil of Roses.   

linseed-oil.  
linseed-oil, or oil of Flax-seed is avodine, cureth convulsions, mitigateth the hardness of the arteries, muscles and nerves, assuageth the pain of the piles or hemorroides, and helpeth the unnatural clefts, chaps and fussures of the fundament; it is used with good success to anoint the secret parts in childbirth, and in poultices for women's sore breasts; it is made by expression bruising your seeds, and putting them in Balneo four or five hours, and then strain them with a Scruepress.   

Oil of Eggs.  
THis Oil cleanseth the skin, and taketh away the filthiness, and all the sears thereof occasioned by cuts and bitings, or at the least much diminisheth them so that they can hardly be seen; it cureth burn, killeth ringworms, healeth excoriations, and is prevalent against any ulcer, chaps, or ill matter, arising our of the flesh, either in the hands, feet, arms, or legs, or in any other part of the body, and is made as followeth,  
R. Yolks of Eggs sodden hard, put them into a glazed vessel, and heat them well at the fire, but so as they burn not, then hot as can be, put them into a canvas bag, and press out the oil.  
Note that whilst you heat them it will make your oil the better if you sprinkle them with a little aromatic wine warm.  
oil-olive is made of ripe olives by pressing them.   

Oil of Whelps.  
THiS Oil is of wonderful force to assuage pain, to bring shot wounds to suppuration, and cause the falling away of the escar; it is thus made,  
Olei lilliorum vel violarum four pound.  
Boyl in it two Whelps newly whelped, until the flesh part from the bones, then put into them of  
Vermium terestium praparat. one pound.  
Boyl them again, and strain them hard, and put to the oil.  
Terahinthinae veneta four ounces.  
Spiritus vini one ounce.  
Mingle them according to Art.   

Oil of Bays.  
Oil of Bayes is a Medicine callifying, mollifying, opening, and discussing, and doth much mitigate the Colic delivered into the body by Clyster: It is a present remedy against cold griefs of the brain, nerves, arteries, and loins, the parties anointed therewith: It is good for the palsy, sciatiea, the hardness, and pains of the spleen, and is much used, as well to cure the scab and ring-worm, as the scurvy; and is thus made,  
R. Bay-berries ripe and fresh gathered. q s. Beat them, and boil them with sufficient water until the fat swimmeth on the top ten press them, and separate the oil from the water according to Art.   

Oil of Sweet-Almonds,  
DOth lenify the roughness of the breast and throat, as also the haroness and dryness of the joints: It is good against the consumption of the lungs; it is also of good use to be drunk in the hectick-feavers; it stayeth the cough, and assuageth the heat of urine, healeth ulcers by injection, is very good in collica or illica passio to be drunk, and administered in Clysters, and is thus made.  
R. Sweet-Almonds dry, not mouldy, and well rubbed, q. s. Beat them well, and put them in a Press, and press out the oil without heat.   

Oil of Bitter-Almonds.  
THis Oil doth open obstructions, discusseth wind and vapours, but chief it healeth deafness, the hissing and pain of the ears, lenifieth the hardness of the sinews, and maketh the face and hands fair, and is made as the oil of Sweet-Almonds.   

Oil of Vitriol.  
THis Oil comforteth the stomach after a wonderful manner, and stirreth up the appetite; it defendeth the whole body from apostumes and inflammations, and therefore it is used with good success in the pleurisy, and also in vulnerary drinks, it is approved good: It helpeth the infirmities of the lights taken with the water of fennel or fumetory: it cutteth away the melancholy humours from the stomach, being taken with balm-water: It consumeth phlegm, cures the colic and the looseness of the belly: It quencheth the thirst in fevers cures the hickock and loathing of meat: It attenuateth the blood, defendeth wounded parts grieved from fear of gangrene, or putrefaction of the blood: It conglutinateth ruptures as well of bones as veins, and doth exceedingly comfort and corroborate all the parts of man's body, and may well be numbered as a principal amongst cordial medicines: It is also a very good medicine, not only in preventing the scurvy taken inwardly, but also in the cure of the scurvy many ways, both inwardly taken with any comfortable wine, or with beer for need, or to make a beverage therewith and daily to use is in small quantity, namely four drops for a dose: In the calenture it excelleth all other Medicines taken in plantain, sorrel, or any other water, or only in fair water: It is good to rub foul black teeth to make them clean and white, but use it not often for then it will consume them: In ulcerations of the mouth, throat, or uvula that resist ordinary medicines, touch the ulcerated part but once with this oil, and the ulcerations will heal very fast afterward with any ordinary medicines and helps remembering as cause shall require to use due evacuations or phlebotomy: It is good in the squinancy or augina used certain drops in a fit gargarism or lotion, namely to make it somewhat sour, and then gargarise warm therewith, for it mightily quencheth inflammations, and tempereth well the blood, and being likewise a little thereof given to drink, namely six drops in such a case it is much the better, always remembering that in all such diseases there be looseness of the belly, and sometimes phlebotomy: Moreover, in Ulcers and Fistulaes', scarce a better medicine is found to enlarge a strict orifice, remove a calow, or truly to correct and prepare any inveterate Ulcer to good healing, only by touching it with lint on the end of a probe, thereby putting the medicine to the place where the cause is: It is a good corrective in all purging medicines, and helpeth them, to do they office; for it comforteth the whole body and giveth a grateful taste almost to any medicine: It is also good to a weak stomach oppressed with phegme or slime, and helpeth appetite taken in Conserve of Roses; There is no medicine more precious in pstilential Fevers. The true and utmost dose cannot justly be set down, but must be made by the taste, putting in so much as may make the vehicle or medicine sharp, or sourish; for your purges they shall only b a little sharpened with certain drops thereof, only to alter a little the taste; but in the Calenture, strong Fevers, or pestilential Fevers a greater dose may well be taken according to discretion and judgement; but note this, That if you put any of it into any liquid medicine, as Barleywater, Juleps or such like, which you intent to divide in several doses, let the glass be always shaken well before you pour it out, else the oil will lie all at the bottom, and make the last dose not only too sharp to be taken, but also dangerous: The making of it is as followeth,  
℞ Of Hungarian-copperas, or of the best English-copperas, what you will.  
Melt it in a skillet, then divide it into thicker pieces, which you shall calcine upon the coals until they look a little radish, and then powder them and sprinkle them with the best spirit of wine, than put it into a retort that will endure the fire, and keep your fire by degrees to the height of heat for three days, or until the receiver being before full of fumes do become clear; let the distilled liquor be rectified, and separate them one from another, that is to say the spirit of wine, the sharp spirit of vitriol, and the strong heavy oil.   

Oil of Sulphur.  
THis Oil is good to make the teeth white, to take away the morphew, cureth venereal ulcers, expelleth diseases arising from wind or cold: It is good against the falling-sickness, shortness of breath, evil affections of the lungs, easeth the Toothache, and is, being well prepared, a true cordial medicine: The manner of making it is after this sort;  
℞ A bell of glass, holding at the least sixteen pints, for the larger it is the better, put it upon a great earthen vessel containing about\ nine or ten gallons, with three or four stays to rest the bell upon; let your earthen-pot be so well nealed as that it will endure the fire, then put in your brimstone into the pot, and set it on fire, and whelm over it the bell, casting in now and then fresh brimstone as the first wastes; you shall have more store of oil if you put your earthen vessel into a furnace with fire under it, that the brimstone may be always melted: This must be done best in rainy-weather, and in a cellar; and before you kindle your brimstone you shall smoak your bell with sage.   

Oil of Brickbats, or Tile-stones.  
THis Oil is also called Oil of Philosophers, the oldest is the best, it doth attenuate, and penetrate upward, digesteth and consumeth all excremental matter, and is profitable for cold affections of the spleen, veins, bladder, nerves, womb, joints, and for the Lethargy, Apoplexy, and Falling-sickness, and many other the like griefs, and is thus made,  
℞ Old bricks digged out of the ground, and broken in pieces to the bigness of an apple, heat them red hot in the fire, and quench them in Oil of Rosemary, or clear old oil-olive, until they be full of Oil; then beat them small, and put the powder into a glass retort, or cucurbite well fitted in a furnace, and surely luted, and distil it by sublimation.   

Oil of Turpentine.  
Oil of Turpentine is taken inwardly for shortness of breath, the Ptisick, against the Stone, the Colic, cold, and windy affections of the breast; it is outwardly used to heal sinews wounded, or troubled with any intemperature, also to fill ulcers with flesh and knit them up, leaving not cicatrize in them: it is made in this manner: 

℞. Venice turpentine twenty eight pound.  
Fair Water ninety six pound.   Put them into a copper vessel with a cover, and a cooler, and distil a thin white oil; increase the fire and you shall have it yellow; make your fire yet hotter, and it will come red; these three liquors would be separated by distillation again.   

Oil of Spike.  
Oil of Spike doth calefie, attenuate, discuss, and is very profitable to them that have the gout proceeding of a cold cause, or to comfort any member benumbed, also it is good against the falling sickness, and convulsions, the temples, and nape of the neck, yea and the whole head to be anointed therewith is very profitable; it is made as follweth: 

℞. Lavender Spike ℥ iij.  
Sweet Oil lb. j ss.  
Wine and water ana ℥ ij ss.   Boil them in a double vessel to the consumption of the wine and water, and keep it for thy use.   

Oil of Antymony.  
THis oil is good for them that have convulsions, or any astonishing disease, and other evil affections of the brain, four grains thereof drunk; it assuageth the pain of the gout, and colic, cureth fevers, helpeth the bladder ulcerate, and wonderfully helpeth the canker, fistula, phagadena, the fretting or eating pox, the wolf, and all other sorts of ulcers, and it is thus made.  

℞. Crude Antimony of each one pound.  
Mercury sublimate of each one pound.   
Make them into powder, and put them into a glass retort with a large neck, and set it in a furnace of reverberation, well and close, and make your fire by degrees, and a fatty substance will distil into the receiver hanging to the neck of the retort, which by putting under a gentle fire will melt; that fatty liquor must be rectified and put up close.   

Oil of myrtles.  
Oil of myrtles refrigerateth, astringeth, and comforteth, but properly the heart, stomach, and brain, and the nerves; it is good in fractures, for it cools, and resists putrefaction, it is made as followeth.  

℞. Myrtle berries bruised, and sprinkled with astringent wine lb. i.  
Juice of the leaves lb ss.  
Oil of unripe Olives lb iij.   
Steep the Berries in the Oil for the space of eight days, then boil them and strain them, and put in more berries; do thus three times in a double vessel, after the third straining add the juice, and boil it to the consumption of that juice, and put it up.   

Oil of Origanum.  
THis Oil of Origanum cureth melancholy, helpeth the dropsy, and cureth the Cough, the quartane Fever, and the tooch-ach, and is made as the rest of the Oils of Vegetables.    

Of Waters.  

And first of Mint Water.  
MInt-Water doth warm and stengthen the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, or Milt, helpeth concoction, stayeth vomit, and is very cordial, and is distilled of spear mints, and white wine, adding if you please a Clove or two, and a blade of Mace.   

Sassafras Water.  
THis water openeth all obstructions, or stops of the body, namely of Liver, Lungs, kidneys, and Spleen; and thereby it is found by many experiences, excellent against the Scurvy, the French Disease, and the Yellow-Jaundise; it is an approved remedy against all cold Fevers, and the Dropsy, or for those that are inclining thereunto for it provoketh Urine, and sweat in a very mild, and natural manner, and driveth out many diseases by the pores of the skin; it hath infinite more virtues ascribed to it, for which I refer the Artist to Doctor MONARDUS his Book, and will only set down the making of it, according to his description.  

℞. Of the bows of Sassafras half an ounce, cut as swall as may be.  
Water twelve pounds.   
Put them into a new earthen pot, and let them steep together two hours, then seethe it until two parts be consumed, and after it is cold, let it be strained and kept in a glass vessel, and power to the wood three pottles more of water, and let it seethe until half a pottle be consumed, strain it cold, and keep it as the former; let the best water be taken in the morning fasting half a pint hot, and then keep yourself warm and procure sweat, then change yourself into hot clothing and rub off the sweat, and eat of a Hen roasted, and drink of the second Water at dinner, and supper, and in the day time; eat no flesh at night but dry fruits, and conserveses: and thus you may do so long as you find yourself grieved.   

Water of Cardus benedictus.  
THis water easeth the pain of the head, confirmeth the memory, cureth a quartane, provoketh sweat, and comforteth the vital spirits, and is made by distillation.   

treacle Water.  
treacle Water is good in the Plague, or Pestilential Fever, the French disease, killeth Worms, helpeth the trembling of the heart; and is good to be mingled in Diaphoreticks; the manner of making it is as followeth.  

℞. Succi putaminis viridis nucum juglandium, four pound.  
Succ●rulae, three pounds.  
Succorum Cardui benedictae, of each two pounds.  
Calendulae, of each two pounds.  
Mellislae, of each two pounds.  
Rad. Petassitae recentium, one pound and half.  
Rad. Ba●danae, one pound.  
Rad. Angelicae, recentium, of each six ounces.  
Imperatoriae, recentium, of each six ounces.  
Fol. Scordii, four handful.  
Theriacae Andromachi veteris & probatae, of each eight ounces.  
Mithridatis, of each eight ounces.  
Vini canarini generosissimi, twelve pounds.  
Aceti vini albi accerrimi, six pounds.  
Succi limonum, two pounds.   
Digest them two days in horse dung: or Balneo in a vessel well closed, then distil it in sand.   

Water of Damask Roses.  
DAmask Rose water doth refrigerate, and comfort the heart, is good against swooning, and causeth sleep.   

Red Rose Water,  
DOth refrigerate, bind, and corroborate the vital and animal faculties, benefiteth the head, easeth the pained ears and eyes, and doth good in inflammations, and is profitable in medicines against: Disentery   

White Rose water.  
THe Water of White Roses is good to put in Colliries for the eyes.   

Plantain Water,  
IS astringent, and sanative, good for them that are in a Consumption of the Lungs, in a Dropsy, or that have the bloody flux; good also against the quartane ague; it cureth the Ulcers of the veins, bladder, and excoriations of the passage of the yard; and being drunk, helpeth against ardent urine, or the sharpness of the water.   

Balm Water.  
THis water hath a great respect to the heart, a great cordial, and of a good smell, and taste, it is more proper to women than men, for it much respecteth the infirmities of the mother, and is in the times of their pains very profitable to take a little of it, for the safer provoking of a speedy delivery; distil it with spirit of wine.   

Angelica Water.  
ANgelica Water may serve instead of treacle and Mithridate, for a preservative against the Plague, or any infectious air, for there is no one thing more commended by ancient and modern Writers in that kind, then angelica is, whereof there is good experience; it is also very stomachical and cordial, and being truly made will retain his strength and virtue forty years and more; it is made as the former.   

Wormwood-water.  
THis water is very grateful in the stomach, for it is a balsam thereunto, it consumeth, and breaketh wind mightily, and killeth worms, hindereth vomiting, provoketh appetite; is very good against pains in the head proceeding of a cold cause, and is very cordial; It is made as the former.   

Anniseed-water,  
IS very excellent against wind in the stomach, or elsewhere in the body, and against Asthma, Ptisick, and shortness of breath, it also breaketh phlegm, and warmeth the stomach, and is distilled from Anniseeds well macerated in Spirit of wine.   

Cynamon-water.  
Cinnamon water doth comfort and strengthen the stomach, the liver, the milt, the lungs, the heart, the brain, and the sinews, sharpeneth the sight, is good against venom, as also the stingings, and bitings of venomous beasts, helpeth a bad or evil savouring breath, is good against loathing of the stomach, and where you desire to warm, to open, to attenuate, digest or corroborate, in all such cases this precious liquor excelleth and is made as the former.   

Aqua-Coelestis.  
THe Heavenly water is a principal antidote or preservative in all poisons, or poisoned and infectious airs whatsoever, for that either received into the body, or but only smelled unto, it helpeth much against infection, and doth very admirably restore again one fallen either of the Dead-palsey or Falling-sickness, and is also good either in the Colic, or any gripe of the guts, as also in any the weaknesses of the stomach, and against any cold fluxes of the guts, or belly, two spoonfuls thereof given in a Clyster, and hath many more special good uses and virtues; It is made as followeth.  

℞ Cinamoni, one ounce.  
Zinziberis, half an ounce.  
Santalorum omnium, of each six drams.  
Caryophyllorum, of each two drams and half.  
Galangae, of each two drams and half.  
Nucis Moschatae of each two drams and half.  
Macis, cubebarum of each one dram.  
Cardamomi utriusque, of each three drams.  
Sem. Melanthii of each three drams.  
Zedoariae, half an ounce.  
Anisi, of each one dram and half.  
Sem. Faeniculi dulcis, of each one dram and half.  
Pastinacei silvestris, of each one dram and half.  
Ocymi, of each one dram and half.  
Rad. Angelicae, of each two drams.  
Caryophyllatae, of each two drams.  
Glyrynhicae, of each two drams.  
Calami odorati, of each two drams.  
Phu minoris, of each two drams.  
Foliorum sclareae, of each two drams.  
Thymi, of each two drams.  
Calaminthae, of each two drams.  
Pulegii, of each two drams.  
Menthae, of each two drams.  
Serpylli, of each two drams.  
Majoranae, of each two drams.  
Florum rosar. rubrarum, of each one dram and half.  
Salviae, of each one dram and half.  
Rorismarini, of each one dram and half.  
Betonicae, of each one dram and half.  
Staechadoes, of each one dram and half.  
Buglossi, of each one dram and half.  
Boraginis, of each one dram and half.  
Corticum citri, three drams.   
Bruise what are to be bruised, and macerate them for the space of fifteen days in twelve pounds of the best Spirit of wine in a glass vessel well closed, then distil them in B. M. according to Art, afterwards add to the distilled water.  
Specierum 

Diambrae,  
Aromaticum rosat.  
Diamoch. dulcis,  
Diarcargarit. frigid.  
Diaruhodon Albatis,  
Electuaris de gemmis,   of each 3 drams.  

Santali citrini contusi, two drams.  
Moschi, of each 1 scruple.  
Ambrae griseae in tela rara ligatorum, of each 1 scruple.  
Julepi rosati clari, one pound.   
Shake them all well together, that the Julep may incorporate well with the water, then stop up the glass with wax and parchment, and let it stand until the water be cleared.   

Doctor Stevens his Water.  
IT is a notable cordial-water, comforts the head and heart, yea and all the principal faculties of the body, both animal, vital, and natural, if it be truly prepared; it helpeth all cold diseases, palsies, convulsions, barrenness, toothache; It killeth worms, cureth the dropsy, stone, stinking breath, and prolongeth life, and is made as follow, 

℞ Cinamoni, of each one dram.  
Zinziberis, of each one dram.  
Galangae, of each one dram.  
Caryophillorum, of each one dram.  
Nucis moschatae, of each one dram.  
Granorum paradisae, of each one dram.  
Sem. Anisi, of each one dram.  
Faeniculi, of each one dram.  
Carni, of each one dram.  
Herb. Thymi, of each one handful.  
Serpylli, of each one handful.  
Menthae, of each one handful.  
Salviae, of each one handful.  
Pulegi, of each one handful.  
Parictariae, of each one handful.  
Rorismarini, of each one handful.  
Flor. rosar. rubrarum, of each one handful.  
Chamemeli, of each one handful.  
Origani, of each one handful.  
Lavendulae, of each one handful.   Infuse them all twelve hours, then distil them in a Limbeck, and take of the strongest water three pounds.   

The common Lotion,  
IS used in ulcerations of the mouth or gums, in griefs of the yard, as well within the passage, as also between glans and Praeputium, there are divers sorts according as occasion offers, but that which I mean here is only made of Sage, Rosemary, Woodbine, and brier tops boiled in water, adding honey, and allome; fortifying it as you see cause with Mercury dulcified, put a rag on your finger or on a stick, and dip it into the lotion warmed, and rub the gums hard therewith, and the ulcerated parts until they bleed; or you may make a lotion for the mouth thus, 

℞ Copperas, green, white, or blue ℥ ij.  
Water lb j or thereabouts.  
Honey one spoonful.   Boyl these to the consumption of one third, or half, then take of lapis medicamentosus, or Salt-peter ℥ sss. and if you have no honey, take sugar, or juice of liquorice, or liquorice boiled therein to make it pleasant in taste, or without, for a need, you may well use it.   

Strongly.  
THis is Capital-lees, and is very necessary to mollify the White-caustick when it groweth dry, as also if need be, by decoction to make a lapis internalis for to make Issues, or break Apostumes: The Liquid-caustick is made of unslaked-lime, and capital-lees, boiled together to the thickness of an unguent, and applied as hereafter shall be shown.   

Vinegar of Wine.  
VInegar helpeth the unnatural swell of the belly, and also cureth the fluxes of the stomach, the parts grieved being fomented therewith: It stayeth the inordinate menstrual-fluxes, the region of the liver, or the bearing parts fomented therewith warm, namely with stuphes wet therein: It is good against vomiting, the stomach outwardly fomented with warm stuphes wet therein: It also discusseth and dissipateth violent hot tumours in their beginnings, yea even those which are named Pavaritiae, or as some term them felons. Good wine vinegar excelleth in Cataplasms, as also in fomentations where avodine medicines are to be used, provided the place be not excoriated, as namely, in hervia humorali; in the falling down of the fundament it is approved good, sometimes with wine used warm to foment the part withal, as also to be cast on bricks to receive the fume thereof: In the hot gout, and in all inflammations as the Rose or Ignis sacer, or as some call it St. Antony's fire by way of fomentation with wine vinegar; it is a precious help also by way of gargarism, it is an approved remedy against Squinantia auginae, or any sudden inflammation of the columella, or the amygdales of the throat, and if you mingle with it Oil of Roses, you make it the better for all the aforesaid uses, and the more cordial.   

Vingar of Roses.  
VInegar of Roses is very cordial, helps the stomach, refresheth nature weakened, and is good against the faintings, and great weakness of the spirits; but if the Artist have not Vinegar of Roses ready, he may infuse in Wine-vinegar, a little Rose-water, and it will do almost as well: It is thus made,  
℞ Red-rose-buds almost blown, being fresh, and the leaves clean picked from them that are clean withered and naught, gathered very dry, and then spread abroad in the shade to dry about three or four day's lb j Wine-vinegar eight sextaries.  
Set them in the Sun forty days, then strain the vinegar and put it up. but if you will have it more strong of the Roses, then make a second infusion of fresh leaves.   

Spirit of Wine.  
SPirit of Wine of all vegetables is the most precious thing, it is the truest of all cordials; it preserveth the body from putrefaction, and in every cold oppression of nature it is a true helper; for the cough and all distillations of Rheums, and Fluxes it is a perfect help; it comforteth the stomach and provoketh appetite. It helpeth those which are thick of hearing, one drop daily put into the ear; it preserveth a man in health, if every morning and evening he take certain drops thereof, and defendeth the body that taketh it from the oppression of infectious air, and (being sick) almost in any disease, it may safely be given as a true restorative medicine; it is good in wounds, Ulcers, Fistulaes', and Fractures, of which another place hereafter will make mention. It is thus made.  
℞ Of good white, Claret Wine, or Sack, which is not sour nor musty, nor otherwise corrupt, that quantity which may serve to fill the vessel wherein you make your distillation to a third part, then put on the head furnished with the nose or pipe, and so make your distillation; first in ashes drawing about a third part from the whole: as for example, six or eight pints out of four and twenty, then distil it again in B. M drawing another third part, which is two pints, so that the oftener you distil it, the less Liquor you have, but the more strong; some use to rectify it seven times.    

Of Syrups.  

And first, Of Syrup of Wormwood.  
THis Syrup corroborates the stomach, helpeth concoction, causeth an appetite, discusseth wind, openeth the veins, moves urine, and killeth worms, and is thus made, 

℞ Absinthii romani sive pontici, half a pound.  
Rosarum rubratum, two ounces.  
Spicae Indicae, three drams.  
Vini albi antiqui generosi of each two pounds and half.  
succi cydoniorum, of each two pounds and half.   Macerate them in an earthen vessel four and twenty hours, then boil them until half be wasted, strain it and put to the straining two pounds of Sugar, and boil it to a syrup.   

Syrup of Lemons.  
THe Syrup of Lymons is cordial and refrigerating, it doth please and profit the appetite, and comforteth all that are sick of the pestilence, or continual and contagious Fevers, as also all diseases on which exceeding great heat attendeth, it cheereth up the heavy heart, and dispelleth sorrow therefrom, and against all obstructions of the spleen it is a good help, and also well approved in the cure of the Scurvy: It is made as followeth; 

℞ Juice of Lemons purified by going through a  strainer without crushing, 7 pounds.  
White-sugar, five pound.   Boyl them with a soft fire to a syrup.   

Syrup of Poppies.  
SYrup of White-poppies hath an astringent quality; it procureth sleep, helpeth the cough, hindereth the humours which distil from the head into the throat, causing a tickling, and is of precious use against the palsy, if it be used in the beginning thereof: It is made thus, 

℞ Capitum cum seminibus of each fifty drams.  
papaveris albi & nigri, of each fifty drams.  
Capillorum veneris, fifteen drams.  
Glycyrhicae, five drams.  
Jujubarum, in number thirty.  
Sem. lactucae, forty drams.  
Sem. malvae & cydoniorum in linteo raro ligatorum, of each one dram and half.   Boyl them in eight pints of water, until half be wasted, strain it, and to every three pounds of liquor put of 

Penidiorum, sacchari, of each one pound.   Boyl them to a syrup.   

Syrup of Roses solutine.  
THis Syrup is used as a gentle & safe purge both to old & young, when they are molested either with burning, or pestilent Fevers, or any ho distemper of the body, and is thus made, 

℞ Of Damask-roses, one pound.  
Fair water, four pound.   Infuse them together, then strain them, and add as many fresh Roses, do this nine times, then take of the last infusion six pound.  

Sugar, four pound.   
Boyl it according to Art to a syrup.   

Syrup of Violets.  
THis Syrup doth break the acrimony of melancholy y, tempereth the heat of the bowels, bringeth down the belly by purging; it helpeth the diseases of the throat, as hoarseness, and the dry cough, and is a chief aid to the curing inflammations of the breast, it helpeth the pleurisy, and quencheth the thirst in Fevers, being put in cooling Juleps, and is cordial: It is thus made, 

℞ Violet flowers picked, one pound.  
Spring water hot, one pound and half.  
Or a sufficient quantity.   Put them in an earthen vessel glazed, and close covered, and let them infuse four and twenty hours, then strain them hard, take of this liquor one pound.  

White-sugar, two pound.   
Mingle them, and dissolve the Sugar with a continual equal heat, and put it up for your use.   

Oxymel simple.  
OXymel simple is of great use for the cure of inflammations of the lungs and throat, helpeth expectoration, and difficult breathing, cutteth and attenuateth thick and slimy humours, purgeth the entrails without trouble, and is good both in cold and hot affections, and is made as followeth, 

℞ Of the best Aromatick-honey dispumed, four pound.  
Clear spring-water, and of the best vinegar, of each two pound.   Boyl them according to Art until they come to a liquid syrup, but take heed you boil it not too much lest you spoil the taste.   

Diamoron.  
THis syrup is profitable in gargarisms against the eating ulcers of the mouth, it cutteth away phlegm, and cleanseth the mouth and throat, and by reason of the pleasant taste thereof, it is the more comfortable to the diseased: It is made after this manner, 

℞ Succi mororum celsi, & rubri immaturorum, of each one pound and half.  
Mellis, two pound.   Boyl them with an easy fire to the thickness of honey.   

Syrup of Sloes.  
SYrup of Sloes doth refrigerate and comfort the stomach, stoppeth Fluxes, healeth the excoriations of the entrails, and is made with the Pulp of sloes and sugar.   

Honey of Roses.  
Honey of Roses strengtheneth and cleanseth the stomach, purgeth clammy humours, helpeth concoction with the temperate heat thereof, allayeth and stoppeth hot fluxes, the phlegmone of the mouth, gums, and jaws; it is singular good with Oil of Roses for wounds in the head, and putting to them some Aqua vitae, makes them good to heal wounds in the joints, where the joint water gleereth out. It is made as followeth.  

℞. pure white Honey dispumed, ten pounds.  
Fresh juice of red Roses, one pound.   
Put them into a skillet, and when they begin to boil, throw into them of fresh red Rose leaves picked four pounds, and boil them until the juice be wasted, always stirring it, then strain it, and put it up in an earthen pot.    

Conserves.  

And first of Conserve of red Roses.  
THe Conserve of red Roses is good for the heart, and head, strengtheneth and comforteth both, as also the bowels mitigating their heat, and stoppeth fluxions, and is much the more profitable in any grief, if a few drops of Oil of Vitriol be mixed therewith, but beware of too much: and is thus made.  

℞. Of red Rose leaves not fully blowed, all the withered and corrupt leaves clipped away, two pounds.  
White sugar, six pounds.   
Put your leaves and half your sugar into a stone mortar, and beat them till they be almost enough, then put in the rest of the sugar, and beat it up to a Conserve.   

Conserve of Rosemary flowers,  
OR Conserve of Anthos, hath great force in comforting the brain, and coroborating the sinews, and it is given with good success in the falling sickness, Apoplexy, Lethargy, dead and shaking palsy; and is made as the Conserve of Roses is.   

Conserve of Borage flowers.  
THis Conserve is a great cordial, comforting the heart and all the vitals, it makes a man merry, glad, and cheerful, and chaseth away all heavy sadness and dull melancholy; and is made of Borage flowers picked, and sugar, as the former.   

Conserve of Berberries,  
DOth refrigerate, and is astringent, it quencheth thirst and the heat of the stomach, and bowels, it causeth appetite, removeth the waterish humour of choler, cureth the bloody flux, the flux of the Liver, the often gnawing and wring of the guts caused by choler, healeth the small pox; and resisteth drunkenness; and is made by stewing the fruit picked from the stalks in a pot, set in a skillet of water, afterwards strained and the pulp set in an earthen and well glazed vessel on the fire, that the waterish humidity may gently evaporate, stirring it with a wooden spatula, then put to it for every six pound of pulp ten pound of sugar, according to Art, boil it to a good consistence.   

Conserve of Quinces.  
THe conserve of Quinces doth bind and comfort the stomach, is good for choler, stoppeth all kind of bloody fluxes, and helpeth digestion; and is thus made.  

Juice of Quinces clarified six pounds.  
Boil it until two parts be wasted, then put to it,  
Of white sugar two pounds.  
Then boil them to the thickness of Honey.    

Conserve if wood-sorrel.  
THis Conserve doth recreate and comfort the heart, removeth putrid humours, refrigerateth, and profiteth much in continual and contagious Fevers, being very cordial, and is made of the herb, as the Conserve of Roses.   

Conserve of Sloes.  
THe conserve of Sloes is of a styptic comforting force, very profitable to comfort a weak stomach oppressed with crudities, it is good against all fluxes of the belly, and also good to heal all inflammations or excoriations, occasioned by the same, either taken on a Knife in form of a bolus, or given in Clysters: and is made as Conserve of Berberries.    

Of Electuaries.  

And first of London treacle.  
THis was first apppointed by the Doctors of the College of London, as a thing very requisite, for that the price was reasonable for the poorer sort, the ingredients thereof being nevertheless cordial, and yet such as are easy to get; it may be used well in place of Mithridate, but because the fresh is the best, I hold it most convenient for the Artist to keep the species ready, and when he hath occasion to use any of it, he may put to every ounce three ounces of Honey, and warm it upon the fire, stirring it well until it be perfectly incorporated: it is thus made.  

℞. Cornu cervini lima derafis, two ounces.  
Sem. citri, of each one ounce.  
Oxalytis, of each one ounce.  
Paeoniae, of each one ounce.  
Ocymi, of each one ounce.  
Scordii,  
Corallinae, of each six drams.  
Rad. Angelicae,  
Tormentillae,  
Peoniae,  
Foliorum dictamini,  
Baccorum Juniperi,  
Lauri, of each half an ounce.  
Flor. Calendulae,  
Caryophyllorum seu  
vetonicae rubrae,  
Anthos,  
Summit. Hiperici,  
Nucis moschatae,  
Croci, of each three drams.  
Rad. Gentianae,  
Zedoariae,  
Zinziberis,  
Nucis,  
Myrrhae,  
Foliorum scabiosae,  
Succisae,  
Cardui benedicti, of each two drams.  
Cariophilorum,  
Opii, of each one dram.  
Vini canarini, as much as shall suffice to incorporate them.  
Mellis, triplum.   
Mingle them on the fire, as I shown you before.   

treacle Andromache.  
THis treacle doth the effects of Mithridate, Dimocrati, and is good against the hoarseness of the voice, against the Jaundice, Dropsy, for wounds in the intestines, to bring forth the young birth dead to expel and take away the Leprosy, and Measles, to revive every decayed sense, to confirm wounds healed, to kill all kinds of worms, to dissipate wind, to comfort the heart and stomach, and to keep the body incorrupt, and sound; and is thus made. 

℞ Trochiscorum scilliticorum, 48 drams.  
Trochiscorum è viperis, of each four and twenty drams.  
Piperis longi, of each four and twenty drams.  
Opii Thebacii, of each four and twenty drams.  
Magmatis Hedychroi sicci, of each four and twenty drams.  
Rosarum siccarum resectis unguibus,  
Iridis illiricae odorae,  
Succi glycyrrhizae,  
Sem. napae dulcis,  
Comarum scordii,  
Opobalsami,  
Cinamoni,  
Agarici, of each twelve drams.  
Myrrhae,  
Costi odorati seu zedoariae,  
Croci.  
Cassiae ligneae verae,  
Nardi Indicae,  
Schaenanthi,  
Piperis albi,  
nigri,  
Thuris masculi,  
Dictamni Cretici,  
Rhei,  
Staechados,  
Marrubii,  
Sem. petroseluci macedonici,  
Calaminthes' siccae,  
Terebinthinae,  
Rad. pentaphyllae,  
Zinziberis, of each six drams.  
Comarum polii cretici,  
Chamaepyteos,  
Nardi celticae,  
Amomi,  
Styracis calamitae,  
Rad. Mei,  
Com. chamaedryos,  
Rad. Phu Pontici,  
Terrae lemniae,  
Foliorum malabathri,  
Chalcitidis assae vel ejus,  
Loco calcanthi romani usti.  
Rad. gentianae,  
Gum. Arabici,  
Succi Hypocistidii,  
Carpobalsami vel nucis moschatae,  
vel cubebarum,  
Sem. anisi fricti,  
Cardamomi,  
Sem. faeniculi,  
Seseleos,  
Acaciae vel ejus loco succi,  
Inspissati prunellorum acerborum,  
Sem. Thlaspeos,  
Succ. Hyperici,  
Sem. Ammeos,  
Sagapeni, of each four drams,  
Castorei,  
Rad. Aristolochiae longae,  
Bituminis Judaici,  
Sem. dami,  
Opoponacis,  
Centauri minoris,  
Galbani pinguis, of each two drams.  
Vini antiqui canarini, as much as shall suffice to dissolve the ingredients.  
Mellis optimi, thrice the weight of the dry species.  
Mingle them according to Art.     

treacle Diatesseron.  
treacle Diatesseron, or the poor man's treacle, is good against poison drunken, and against the bitings of venomous beasts or worms: It is also good against all the cold affects of the brain, as convulsions, resolution of the sinews, falling-sickness, cramp, spasme, the inflation of the ventricle, or stomach, against the defect of concoction therein, and against venomous wounds both inwardly drunk, and outwardly applied; also it openeth the obstructions of the liver and spleen and thereby preserveth the body from the disease, called the scurvy: It procures sweat very well being taken in sack, but is mighty hurtful to women with child, as may be easily known by the ingredients which are as follow, 

℞ Gentianae, baccarum lauri of each two ounces.  
Myrrhae of each two ounces.  
Aristolochiae rotundae of each two ounces.   Husk your Berries, and powder and searce them, and your gentian and aristolochy must be slicked and dried in a folded paper and so powdered and seared, then dissolve your myrrh in a little sack, and put to it, 

Mellis optimi dispumati, two pound.   And then sprinkle in your powders, and incorporate them well on the fire.   

Confection of Alkermes.  
THis Confection is a preservative from Apoplexies arising from cold and melancholy humours, doth very much comfort the brain, and heart, and is sometimes used very profitably for them that languish away by reason of a long sickness, and are subject to swoon, but beware you give it not to any having a flux of the belly, by reason of the azure stone that is in it, which is purging: It is thus compounded, 

℞ Succi pomorum fragantium of each one pound and half.  
aqua rosarum odoratissimae of each one pound and half.   In the which you shall infuse for four and twenty hours, 

Scrici crudi four ounces.   Then strain it hard, and put to the liquor, 

Succi granorum kermes ad nos adjecti puri, one pound.  
Sugar, two pound.   Boyl them to the thickness of honey, then take it from the fire, and put into it of crude ambergreese cut small half an ounce, and when it is well melted cast in these following finely powdered, 

Cinamomi electi,  
Ligni aloes optimi,  
Lapidis lazuli usti in crucibulo,    
Then powdered, and washed first in fair water, then in Rose-water or Burrage-water four or five times, letting it dry between every washing until the water come from it clear, of each six drams.  

Margaritarum pellucidarum  
Praeparatarum three drams.  
Fol. auri,  
Moschi optimi of each one dram.   
Make it up according to Art.   

The electuary of the Egg.  
THis electuary is excellent above all other Antidotes in preventing and curing the plague, and all pestilent disease, in expelling the infection from the heart, and is compounded after this manner, 

℞ A new laid Egg.   Draw out the white at a little hole in the top, and stuff the Egg full of the best saffron, then cover it close with another Eggshell, than put it into an oven after bread is drawn out, and let it lie so long until the shell begin to look all over black, but take heed the saffron burn not, for then all that Egg is spoilt; then take it out of the shell & powder it very small, and put to it as much white mustard seed in powder at it weigheth, than 

Pulu. rad. dictamni albi,  
sive Fraxinellae,  
Tormentillae, of each two drams.  
Myrrhae,  
Cornu Cervini,  
Rad. Petasitae, of each one dram.  
Rad. Angelicae,  
Pimpinellae,  
Gravorum Juniperi,  
Zedoariae,  
Camphorae, of each one ounce.   Mingle them altogether in a mortar, and add to them of the best treacle the weight of all the other, and then mingle them well with the Pestle for at least three hours, pouring in now and then a little syrup of Lemons, until it come to the form of an Electuary.   

Mithridate.  
MIthridate is in quality and virtue like unto treacle, but more hot and forcible against the poison of Serpents, mad Dogs, wild Beasts, creeping things; being used as a plaster or drunk, it cureth all the cold affections of the head, helpeth the melancholic, or those that are fearful of waters; them also that have the falling sickness, Megrim, pain in the bowels, ears, toothache, and weeping eyes, helpeth the evils of the mouth and jaws, being plasterwise laid to the temples, by discussion giveth ease to the troubled with the Squinancy, Apoplexy, Cough, spitting of blood, Impostumes, or inflammations of the Lungs, or any griefs within the body; and is good against the bloudyflux, flux of the stomach, obstructions of the guts; and against wring, and tortions in them; being taken with Aqua vitae, and the decoction of Baulastians', it remedieth Convulsions and Palsy, helpeth the Midriff, wind in the hypocondria, the pains of the reins, and bladder; breaketh the stone, provoketh Urine, and monthly flowers, expelleth other vices of the matrix; yieldeth a singular benefit for the Gout; profiteth not a little in quotidians and quartanes a quantity drunk in wine being first warmed and then taken an hour before the fit: it is made as followeth.  

℞ Myrrhae Arabicae,  
Croci,  
Agarici,  
Zi●ziberis,  
Cinamomi,  
Spicae nardi,  
Thuris,  
Sem. Thlaspeos, of each ten drams.  
Sescleos,  
Opobalsami, seu ol. Nucis,  
Moschat. per express.  
Junci odorati,  
Staechados,  
Costi veri,  
Galbani,  
Terebinthinae,  
Piperis longi,  
Castorei pontici,  
Succi hypocystydos,  
Styracis optimae,  
Oppoponacis,  
Fol. malabathri recentium, vel in ejus defectu, Macis, of each one ounce.  
Cassiae ligneae verae,  
Polii,  
Piperis albi,  
Scordii,  
Sem. dauci cretici,  
Carpobalsami, vel Cubebarum,  
Trochisci Cypheos,  
Bdellii, of each 7 drams.  
Nardi celticae purgatae,  
Gummi Arabici,  
Sem. Petroselinae Macedon.  
Opii,  
Cardamomi minoris,  
Sem. Faeniculi,  
Gentianae,  
Fol. Rosar. rubrar.  
Dictamni cretensis, of each five drams.  
Sem. Anisi,  
Asari,  
Acori, seu calami Aromatici,  
Ireos,  
Phu. majoris,  
Sagapeni, of each three drams.  
Mei Athamantici,  
Acatiae,  
Ventrum Scincorum,  
Summitat. Hyperici, of each two drams and half.  
Vini, quantum sufficit ad solutionem gummi & succorum mellis deinde triplum ad omnia praeter vinum.   
Mingle them according to Art as before.   

Diaphaenicon.  
THis Electuary is most used in Clysters in long and sharp Fevers purging Choler and phlegm, it is good in the Colic, belly-ach, and griefs of the ventricle that arise from crudities, the dose is six drams; and is thus made.  

℞ Pulpae Palmularum mundatarum ex hydromelitae coctae & cribro cretae,  
Penudiorum recentium, of each hafe a pound.  
Amigdalarum duleime expurgatarum, three ounces and a half.   
Bruise them and mix them with two pounds of clarified honey, and boil them a little, then sprinkle in, 

Zinziberis,  
Piperis,  
Macis,  
Cynamoni,  
Fol. rutae siccorum,  
Sem. Faeniculi, Dauci, of each two drams.  
Turpeti tenuissime triti, four ounces.  
Diagredii, one ounce and half.   Mingle them according to Art.   

Diacatholicon.  
DIacatholicon purgeth gently all humour, it is conveniently used in Clysters in Fevers, and other diseases which arise from a certain evil disposition of the Spleen and Liver, the dose is as the former; the composition is as followeth.  

℞ Pulpae Cassiae,  
Tamarindorum,  
Fol. Sennae. of each two ounces.  
Polipodii,  
Violarum,  
Rhabarbari,  
Sem. Anisi,  
Pejudiorum,  
Sacchari candi, of each one ounce.  
Glycirrhicae rasae,  
Sem. Cucurbitae,  
Citruli,  
Cucumeris,  
Melonum, of each two drams.   
Pound those that are to be pounded, then take 

Polipodii recentis, three ounces.  
Sem. Faeniculi, six drams.   Boil them in four pounds of rain water, or ordinary water to the wasting of a third part, strain them and put to the Liquor two pounds of the best sugar, boil them again with the Pulps, and when it is almost enough, add the rest finely powdered, and make it into an Electuary.    

Of Opiates.  

Of Diascordium.  
DIascordium is helpful in Fevers, as well contagious as otherwise; it is good for the headache, and for the plague; avaylet in fluxes of the belly, and tertian Agues, and is made after this manner, 

℞. Cinamomis,  
Cassiae ligneae, of each half an ounce.  
Scordu veri, of each one ounce.  
Dictamni Cretici,  
Tormentillae.  
Bistortae,  
Galbani,  
Gummi arrabici, of each half an ounce.  
Opii, one dram and half.  
Sty●acis calamitae, four drams and half.  
S●m acetosae, one dram and half.  
Gentianae half an ounce.  
Boli Armeni, one ounce and half.  
Terrae sigilatae lemniae half an ounce.  
Piperis longi  
Zinziberis, of each two drams.  
Mellis aibi dispumati, two pounds and half.  
Conservae rosa●um. one pound.  
Viniis cana●ini aromatici, half a pound.   Dissolve the gums in the wine, and then mingle the rest according to Art to the form of an electuary.   

Laudanum Paracelsi.  
THis worthy Medicine I have often used, as it h●●h been commended by the Author himself, and also by Osnaldus Crollius, and lately by that learned man Mr. John Wooddal, who hath set down the virtues thereof at large in his Surgeons Mate, whose method I follow in this book, as I have before shown; and because the v Authors are too great a price for every one, and in such languages which divers understand not, and my desire being to fit my book as near as I can to the title of Vade mecum: I will out of the said Authors, and mine own practice set down both the virtues, and composition of this truly Laudanum: And first, in all sharp pains whatsoever hot, or cold within, or without the body, yea even when through, extremity of pain the parties are at death's door, or almost mad with the vehemency of the same; this precious Medicine giveth ease presently, yea and quiet sleep, and that safely, but much better the body being first soluble either by nature or art, I mean by suppository, or clyster which is better: In the Colic with Mint-water it easeth the griping pains thereof: In the pains, and gravel of the Kidneys, it giveth present ease, and likewise in the Pleurisy: In pains of the joints it is very good: It is good to stay umes, as toothache, and other like defluxions, in the beginnings, as namely in the toothache, dissolve four grains thereof in Plantine-water, and put it into the ear of the aching side, and take three grains into the body, and lie to rest; it is a sure help: In all fluxes of the belly, whether they proceed of sharp and slippery humours, or whatsoever else offending cause, taken with Mastic, terra sagillata, fine bowl, or with any other appropriate good medicine, it is exceeding sure, for it fortifieth the other medicine, and doubleth their forces, adding his own also thereto: In extreme watch, and want of rest either inwardly or outwardly taken, it is profitable; if outwardly you would use it, take four or six grains with three drops of oil of Nutmegs made by expression, mix them together, and bind them in two little clouts, and put it into the nostrils, it will marvailously assuage pains in the head, and cause quiet rest: In the extreme bleeding of the nose called haemorragiss, it is an approved secret, that sixteen grains thereof divided into two pills, and thrust up into the nostrils into each nostril one part, helpeth the same: In all kind of Fevers it is good to be given with water of Wormwood or pill-wise alone, and if the heat remain after six hours, you may give it the second time, and after that again in like time safely, not exceeding the dose; yet let your own experience lead you, that where you see three grains will not cause rest, in the next potion you may give one grain more, and so increase paulatim, but increase not but upon good deliberation: In burning Fevers it assuageth thirst, and provoketh sleep, chief in those Fevers in which the party seemeth to have some show of rest, with tedious dreams and slumbers mixed: In the disease called Asthma, and in the Ptisick, if it be used in water of hyssop it will preserve the diseased Patient a long time: It conserveth the natural heat, strengtheneth the spirits, repaireth strength lost: It is also effectual to be given to melancholy people, which are void of reason, and are troubled with the passions of the heart: It is likewise used with good effect against vomiting, and the hickeck proceeding of wind, faintness or debility of the ventricle: In the superfluous defluxions of the excremental, or menstrual blood it is an excellent remedy with crocus martis, or red coral: In frenzies, and madness, both inwardly and outwardly it is good mixed with Aqua vitae, and the temples anointed therewith: In the falling-sickness, with Spirit of Vitriol or the quintessence of Camphire, with alo oil of Almond it is usually taken; but beware you use not this medicine to any which are feeble through a great cough, being oppressed with tough phlegm, and shortness of breath, for there it is not good. The dose is, two three, or four grains; if there be looseness of the belly, as is rehearsed it worketh much better. It is best given in any occasion accompanied with waters, or other medicines which are most appropriate to the diseases, and parts diseased, and yet may very well be given alone in a Pill, which I willingly do, for that the Patient than is least troubled with the taste thereof; the composition is as followeth, 

℞ Opii Thebaici,  
Succi Hyoscyami debito tempore? one ounce and half.  
Collecti & in sole prius inspissati one ounce and half.  
Spec. diambrae & diamoschi fideliter  
Dispensatorum, of each two ounces and half.  
Mummiae transmarinae selectae, half an ounce.  
Salis perlarum,  
Corallorum, of each three drams.  
Liquoris succini albi per alcohol vini,  
Extracti,  
Ossis de cord cervi, of each one dram.  
Lapidis bezoartici,  
Unicorni animalis vel mineralis, of each one dram.  
Moschi,  
Ambrae, of each one scruple.   In want want of right potable gold not sophisticated, you shall add these things, 

Oleorum Anisi,  
Carvi,  
Arautiorum,  
Citriorum,  
Muistae,  
Caryophillorum,  
Cinamomi,  
Succini, of each twelve drops.   Make of all these a mass, or extract according to Chemistry, out of which you may form your pills, as hereafter shall be shown; As first,  
℞ The roots and rinds of the younger hemlock, casting away the inward woody part thereof; the time of the gathering thereof is in Summer, the Moon being in the sign Aries or Libra, and before the full of the Moon, and if it might be done, it were best to be gathered in the very hour the Moon enters into one of the said signs; this observed, let the juice thereof be pressed out, and filtered, and coagulated, then set in the Sun to harden, which done, extract the tincture thereof with Spirit of wine; the opium must be purged in some distilled water, as of hyssop or the like, as you would wash aloes, and then extract the tincture thereof with Spirit of wine; as also the tincture of the species of Diambrae, must be extracted with Spirit of wine.  
The juice of henbane with the extract of opium mingled together, with the Spirit of wine whereinto they are extract before, is to be evaporated from them ere that they be mixed with the rest of the ingredients, also the opium and juice of henbane must be digested in chemical manner for a month at least, that thereby their sulphurous, venomous, and dangerous vapours they have may be well corrected, which vapours have a yellowish froth, or scum seen in the superficial parts of them, and are very obnoxious and dangerous, which I thought not amiss to advise the studious and industrious Chemist of; let all the extractions be done in the true spirit of wine well rectified, and then the longer the extract remaineth in the digestion, the better will by your medicine.  
He that intendeth any part of this composition for women, must forbear the Musk and Ambergris, and use with it rather four grains of good Caster●um. I mean in that one dose he intends to give the women; the Faeces of the Opium, Henbane, species of Amber, etc. after their tinctures are extracted from them, are to be calcined, and brought into salt, namely by infusion in some fitting Liquor after calcination, with all due filteration, evaporation, and coagulation, with Cohobs convenient, and added to the rest of the Composition.  
And concerning the tinctures mentioned to be extracted in spirit of Wine, after one month digestion, the spirit of Wine is to be evaporated by Balveum Maria, the residence be almost of the thickness of honey, which done and gathered into one convenient glass porringer, or the like instrument, then add the salt of Coral and pearls, and the Mummy beaten fine, and also the Bezoar and Hearts, Musk, and Amber all in fine powder, and well mixed the said extracts, then add the aforesaid salts of the recited faeces, and also the former recited Oils, all of them first mixed together with Liquor of Amber well shaken together in a glass viol, with a few drops of spirit of wine, for that the said spirit of wine causeth the recited Oils well to incorporate; which done, and that they are all mixed in one, and added to the former▪ the Laudanum is ready, only if you could forbear your medicine so long, that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glass with a blind head one month, it would be much the better.  
I have the rather mentioned this medicine in my book, because so many dangerous Compositions are daily sold for currant, Laudanum Paracelsi Opiati, to the extreme hazard of the lives of very many, and to the great prejudice of the Commonwealth; and for that the young Artist be not deceived with the false Compositions. though indeed it is impossible to espy some cunning deceits, which are in this medicine, yet these rules following will instruct the buyer.  
First therefore see the Laudanum be even, not having any course, greety, or gross thing in it, but that it will clearly dissolve, as juice of Licorice will that is well made.  
2. If there be either honey or sugar in it, it is false.  
3. If it be not much after the consistence of juice of Licorice well made, it is either false, or foolishly compounded, and will not keep.  
4. If it retain the strong loathsome favour of Opium, it is not to be trusted.  
5. If it be not merely of one colour, that you can see none of the ingredients appear at all, it cannot be good.  
This Composition well and truly made, must be smooth, and well smelling, of such indifferent hardness, that without additions you may roll it into Pills, and is not greatly ponderous, or heavy, but it is of an unpleasant taste, and therefore best given in a Pill, except necessity urge the contrary, or in outward means.   

Philonium Romanum.  
THis Opiate is good in the pleurisy, Colic, and any internal pain or grief, it causeth sleep, stayeth flux of blood in the inward parts, and sneesing; allayeth the griefs of the belly, spleen, Liver, and Reins caused by cold wind and crude humours; and taketh away the hicket: the dose is one scruple, and is augmented or decreased, as years and strength of the patiented require. It is thus made.  

℞. Piperis albi,  
Sem. Hyasciami albi, of each five drams.  
Opii, two drams and half.  
Cassiae ligneae, one dram and half.  
Sem. Apii, one dram.  
Sem. Petroselini macedonici veri,  
Feniculi,  
Dauci Cretici, of each 2 scruples 5 grains.  
Croci, one scruple and half.  
Spicae Indicae,  
Pyrethri,  
Zedoariae, of each fifteen grains.  
Cinamomis, one dram and half,  
Euphorbii,  
Myrrhae,  
Castorei, of each one dram.  
Mellis dispumati, pondus triplum.   
Mingle them, and make them into an Electuary.   

Philonium Persicum.  
THis is good against the overmuch flowing of women's natural visits, and the Haemorrhoids, and against the flux of the belly, against vomiting, and spitting of blood, it doth also consolidate Ulcers and veins; it is made as followeth.  

℞. Piperis albi,  
Hyoscami albi, of each twenty drams.  
Opii,  
Terrae Lemniae, of each ten drams.  
Lapidis Haematit. praeparat.  
Croci, of each five drams,  
Castory.  
Spicae Indicae,  
Euphorbii,  
Pyrethri,  
Margaritarum,  
Succini,  
Zedoariae,  
Doronici,  
Trochiscorum Ramich, of each one dram.  
Camphorae, one scruple,  
Mellis rosati optimi triplum.   
Mingle them, and make them into an electuctuary.    

Pills.  

Pillulae aureae, or Golden-pilles.  
THese Pills are cholagogal, attracting choler, yea and phlegm too from the superior and inferior venture, and therefore purge the head, senses and eyes, and restore the eyesight; their dose is one dram: they are thus made, 

℞ Aloes,  
Diagredil, of each five drams,  
Rosarum rubrarum.  
Sem. apii, of each two drams and half.  
Feniculi,  
Anisi, of each one dram and half.  
Mastiches,  
Croci,  
Trochiscorum alhaudal, of each one dram.   Powder them, and make them up into a stiff mass with honey of Roses strained.   

Pillullae Cochiae.  
THese purge choler, and phlegm from the head, the liver and all other parts, wherein such humours are contained, the ordinary dose is one drachma; They are made as followeth, 

℞ Specierum Hiera Picrae Galeni, ten drams  
Pulpae Colocynthides three drams, one scruple  
Diagredii, two drams and half.  
Turpeti,  
Staechados, of each five drams,   Make them up with syrup of stachoes into a mass.   

Pills sine quibus, or without which I would not be.  
THey wonderfully purge choler, phlegm, and melancholy, they are most properly good against the cataract and dimness of the eyes, preserving the sight, and curing the griefs of the ears, they also help the pains and griping of the upper guts; they are thus made, 

℞ Aloes lotae, fourteen drams.  
Myrabol. Citrinarum,  
Myrabol. Chaebularum,  
Myrabol. Emblicarum,  
Myrabol. Indarum,  
Myrabol. Bellericarum,  
Rhabarbari,  
Mastiches,  
Absinthii,  
Rosarum rubrarum,  
Violarum,  
Sennae,  
Agaricae,  
Cassuthae, of each one dram.  
Diagredii, six drams and half.   Make them into a mass for Pills with syrup of the juice of Fennel with honey.   

Pills of Ruffus.  
THese Pills are called pestilential, because they are usually given in the pestilence, or plague, rather to prevent infection then cure the infected, the body being freed from excrements by the Aloes, from putrefaction by the myrrh, and by saffron the vital faculties are quickened; they are very stomachical; and where any oppression of the stomach doth require gentle purging, these Pills excel; their dose is ℥ j s. They are thus made, 

℞ Aloes optimae, two ounces.  
Myrrhae electae,  
Croci, of each one ounce.   Make them up with the syrup of the juice of Lemons according to Art.   

Pills of Euphorbium.  
THese are very good against the Dropsy and Scurvy, for they calisie the stomach, and entrails, purge water abundantly, prevail also in removing the cause of humours, and bring aid for the pains of the loins, and gout, proceeding from too much humidity; the dose is from ℈ j to ℥ s. mixed with Pills of Cochia; they are thus made, 

℞ Euphorbii,  
Colocynthidos,  
Agarici,  
Bdellii,  
Sagapeni, of each two drams,  
Aloes, five drams.   Make them up with syrup of the juice of Leeks.    

Laxatives.  

Pulvis arthreticus.  
THis is a very safe, and good general purging medicine: It purgeth all podagrical defluxions, and generally any humour or reflection of the body downwards, being given in waters appropriate to the quantity of one dram; and it is thus made, 

℞ Hermodactyllorum,  
Turpeti oped.  
Diagredii,  
Sennae,  
Rasurae cranii humani,  
Sacchari, of each of these one ounce powdered.   Mingle them, and keep them close in a glass.   

Confection Hamech,  
PUrgeth choler, melancholy, and salt phlegm, and is therefore with great benefit used against diseases arising from the same, the canker, leprosy, or dry scarf, madness, ring-worm, itching, scabs, and the like, the dose is six drams in fumaterry-water; it is thus made, 

℞ Cort. myrabolanorum,  
Citrinarum two ounces.  
Myrabol Chebularum,  
jugrarum,  
Violarum,  
Colocynthidos,  
Polypodii quercini, of each one ounce and half.  
Absynthii,  
Thymi of each half an ounce.  
Sem. anisi,  
Faeniculi,  
Flor. rosarum rubrarum, of each 3 drams.   Beat them, and steep them in two pints of Whey one day, then boil them to one pint, rub them with your hands, and strain them, and to the liquor add, 

Succi fumariae,  
Pulpae prunorum & Uvarum passularum, of each half a pound.  
Facchari albi,  
Mellis dispumati, of each one pound.   Boyl them to the thickness of honey; when it is almost boiled enough sprinkle into it 

Agarici trochiscati,  
Sennae tritorum, of each two ounces.  
Rhabarbari triti, one ounce and half.  
Epitymi, one ounce.  
Diagredii, six drams.  
Cinamoni, half an ounce.  
Zinziberis, two drams.  
Sem. fumariae,  
Anisi,  
Spicae nardi of each one dram.   Make them into an electuary, s. a.   

Benedicta laxativa.  
BEnedicta laxativa purgeth out slimy humours, most especially such as are in the joints; it draws from the head, reins, bladder, and every part, it is most used in Clysters, the dose six drams; it is thus made, 

℞ Turpeti electi, ten drams.  
Diagredii,  
Cort. rad Esulae praep.  
Hermodactyllorum,  
Ros. rubrarum, of each five drams,  
Cary ophillorum  
Spicae nardi,  
Zinziberis,  
Croci,  
Saxifragiae verae,  
Piperis longi,  
Amomi vel ejus defectu,  
Calami aromatici,  
Cardamomi minoris,  
Sem. Apii,  
Petroselini,  
Carni,  
Faeniculi,  
Asparagi,  
Rusci,  
Millii solis,  
Salis gemmei  
Galangae,  
Macis, of each one dram.  
Mellis dispumati triplum.   An electuary s. a. It is best to keep the powders well thrust together into a pot, and close covered, and when you use them put the honey to them.   

Aloe Rosat.  
PUrgeth the head, and stomach very well, and killeth worms, being made up into Pills, and so swallowed; the dose is one dram: it is thus made.  

℞. Aloes succotrinae lucidae pulv. four ounces.  
Succi rosarum damasc. depurati, one pound.   
Put them together to the Sun, or in Balneo until all the moisture be exhaled, then add more juice, and again evaporate it, thus do four times, and then put up the made in a pot close covered.    

Simples.  

And first of Aloe.  
IT removeth cold phlegmatic and choleric humours by purging, digesting, and driving them out; it is a Sovereign medicine for the stomach, and outwardly applied it stayeth blood amongst other astringent powders, and is incarnative. It is the juice of a plant: the dose is one dram or more.   

Joleb.  
THis root powdered fine, will purge very well watery humours, and opens the Liver, is given in the Dropsy, Scurvy, and the like to the quantity of one dram.   

Rhubarb.  
Rhubarb is hot in the first degree, dry in the second, of an astringent nature, is good for the stomach, and Liver, and against the bloody flux; purgeth downwards choleric humours, and therefore very profitably used against hot Fevers, inflammations, and stops of the Liver; the dose that binds is half a dram with Conserve of Roses; to purge take from one dram to half an ounce.   

Polipody of the Oak,  
IS dry in the second degree, openeth the body, and bringeth away black choler and phlegm, helpeth the Colic, and gripping of the belly, and also the obstruction of the Spleen.   

Heart's horn rasped.  
THis is a cordial simple, given in want of Unicorns horn, and not unfitly, it comforteth the heart, and is good against poison, provoketh urine, openeth obstructions, easeth the Colic, disperseth wind, killeth worms in the body, is good against pains in the reins, or bladder, and being taken upon each occasion in Liquors proper to the former griefs, it is much the  in force. Heart's horn burned, and powdered, is good against the bloody, or any other flux of the belly.   

Euphorbium,  
IS hot and dry almost in the fourth degree, and besides his extreme, and notable acrymony, it hath a certain faculty of purging, whereby tough and cold phlegm with choler, and water, are taken away.   

Saffron,  
IS hot in the second degree, dry in the first, is good for the brain, quickeneth the senses, cheereth the heart, causeth digestion, helpeth the diseases of the breast, lungs, and liver, it mollifieth all hardnesses, and ripeneth all tumors.   

China.  
CHyna roots prevail much in the cure of the French pox; and are good for the giddiness of the head, taketh away the pain of the stomach, and obstructions, and are profitable for the dropsy, Colic, and gripe of the belly, moveth urine, causeth sweat, and are helpful against Convulsions, the Palsy, and pains of the joints, and a singular remedy against a Consumption.   

Salsaparilla,  
IS of a hot quality, causeth sweat, specially extinguisheth the heat of venereal poison, and is good for the articular diseases, ulcers, and phlegmatic humours, and principally it is good against the French pox.   

Guiacam,  
DOth exsiccate, attenuate, open, purge, move sweat, resisteth contagion, and infection, and doth wonderfully cure the French Pox, old ulcers, scabs, and Ringworms; the best use is by decoction in fair water.   

Licorice.  
IS in all his qualities temperate, yet inclining more to heat, it is agreeable to the lungs, and breast; rotteth phlegm, moveth expectoration, cureth the cough, helpeth breathing, and is profitable for the reins, taking away the sharpness of urine, dissolveth the stone, and healeth the sores of the kidneys, and bladder.   

Juice of Licorice,  
IS likewise temperate in all his qualities, but exceeding somewhat in heat, somewhat it doth lenify the throat, and mitigate the asperities of the Arteries, cleanseth the bladder, and is good for the cough, moveth expectoration, and is very profitable against all vices of the Lungs, and throat.   

Powder of Licorice,  
IS of the same nature with Licorice, it is much used to roll Pills in when they are too soft.   

Frenchbarly,  
IS cold and dry in the first degree, digesteth, softeneth, and ripeneth all hard swell; Is good for inflammations, excelleth against the soreness of the throat, refrigerateth, comforteth, strengtheneth, is abstersive, and provoketh utine: I commonly use it thus, Put a heaped spoonful into a pint of running water, boil it a walm or two, pour out that water into a basin, and use it when it is cold, either for Juleps or emultions, or any other ways.   

Anniseeds  
ARe hot and dry in the third degree, doth discuss the windiness of the stomach and bowels, stoppeth the bloodyflux, lask of the belly, moveth urine, and monthly-visits in women, breaketh and bringeth away the stone, helpeth obstructions of the liver, amendeth the breath, and is good for the falling-sickness.   

Fennel-seeds  
ARe hot in the third degree, dry in the first, corroborateth the stomach, openeth the obstructions of the lungs, liver, and kidneys, and causeth abundance of milk in women's breasts.  
These two seeds are used in carminative Cylsters.   

Caraway-seeds.  
CAraway-seeds are of the same nature, and virtue with Anniseeds, and are used in Clysters to break wind.   

Cumin-seeds  
ARe hot and dry in the third degree, they attenuate, digest, resolve, discuss wind, dissipate phlegmatic tumors, and are good against the colic, and tympany.   

Linseed.  
LInseed is hot in the first degree, temperate in moisture and dryness, softeneth all cold tumours, ripeneth and breaketh impostumes, draweth out thorns sticking in the body, expelleth wind, and gripping of the belly, and cleanseth the flesh from spots.   

Fenugreek,  
IS hot in the second, dry in the third degree, doth mollify, discuss and mundify; helpeth cold hard swell, impostumes, and gout in the feet, wasteth and lenifieth the hardness of the milt, mitigateth heat, profitable for the matrix in women, and cleanseth the skin from many evils, as itch, scurf, pimples, wheals, and the like.   

Sugar.  
SUgar is hot in the first degree, looseth the belly, is convenient to the stomach, doth cleanse, digest, take away the asperity or roughness of the tongue and siccity, thirst or drought in Fevers, helpeth the reins and bladder, and is profitable for eyes dim of sight.   

White-starch,  
IS moderately hot, levigateth the parts exasperated; it is effectual against defluxions of humours into the eyes, against pustles and hollow ulcers, it filleth with flesh, stoppeth spitting of blood, helpeth the roughness, and soarnesse of the breast and throat, and easeth the cough: it is very good in the fluxes of the belly to be given in Cluysters against inflammations, and excoriations in the entrails.   

Nutmegs  
ARe hot, and dry in the second degree, helpeth the stops of the liver, milt, stomach, windiness of the belly, lask, weakness of the kidneys, and stopping of the urine, comforteth the heart and aromatizeth the stomach.   

Myrrh.  
Myrrh chosen fragile or brittle, light, splendent, of little drops, bitter, sharp, which smelleth sweet, full of whitish veins being broken, is hot and dry in the second degree; it openeth the womb, procureth women's monthly visits, bringeth forth speedily the birth and is good for the cough, stitch, flux and bloody flux; it killeth worms, amendeth the breath, closeth up wounds, confirmeth the teeth lose, and slayeth the hair from shedding.   

Mastic.  
MAstick sweet in smell, white, splendent, brittle, old, and very dry, is hot in the second degree; it helpeth concoction, stoppeth vomiting, confirmeth the power of retaining sustenance, is abstersive; it is profitable also to them that spit blood, or that are troubled with a cough; it attracteth phlegm from the brain, and is good for the breath.   

Pitch.  
PItch is hot and dry in the second degree, it discusseth, conglutinateth, mollifieth, maturateth, suppleth the hardness of the matrix, and hard tumors, cureth ulcers, filleth them that are hollow up with good flesh, and helpeth cold aches, and the gout.   

Rosin.  
ROsin is hot, mollifying, discussing, and cleansing, and being taken inwardly is good against the cough, mendeth the breast, provoketh urine, concocteth crude matters, looseth the belly, expelleth the stone and gravel, and is excellent for the cure of green and fresh wounds.   

Turpentine.  
TUrpentine is hot in the second degree, it is cleansing, mollifying, and operative; it is good taken inwardly for the shortness of breath, ptisick, stone, colic, cold, and windy affections of the breast; it provokes urine, and sends forth gravel; it avails much in the running of the reins, used outwardly it is good in wounds in sinewy places, it fills wounds and ulcers with flesh, and is used much in Emplasters and Unguents.   

Wax yellow and white.  
YEllow wax doth mollify, and heat, moisteneth temperately; it is good to amend the milk in Nurse's breasts coagulated, it assawageth pain healeth wounds and ulcers, and hath commonly a place in all good Unguents and Emplasters; it is good medicine to be drunk or eaten, and so swallowed down for to cure the exulceration of the stomach or entrails in fluxes, where inward exulcerations are to be feared; white-wax is colder than yellow.   

Harts-suet.  
HEarts-suet is of a hot nature, doth assuage aches, resolveth and mollifieth hard tumors in any part of the body, and by experience is found very good administered in Clysters, to heal the excoriations of the right gut; for it is avodine, and very sanative.   

Hogs-suet.  
IT hath a lenifying, and avodine quality, and therefore it is not unprofitably used for mitigation of sharp humours, assuaging of pain, healing of burn with fire, and very fitly mixed with Cataplasms appointed for that purpose.   

Sperma-ceti,  
IS sour in taste, spongy, and white in show, unsavoury in smell, and weighty, having a sharp quality; it is of a cold faculty, cleanseth, and digesteth; it is good against inward bruises taken inwardly, and the place contused anointed therewith, and a Paracelsus plaster put over it, or Greek-pitch; it is also good for spots and morphew in the skin.   

Dragon's blood.  
IS cold and dry in the first degree; it is of an astringent quality, it closeth up wounds and confirmeth the weak parts, and stayeth the flux of blood inward or outward; it is used outwardly, with other astringent powders.   

Cantharideses  
ARe used outwardly to raise a blister, and sometimes inwardly to move urine, but not without danger.   

Bole-armeny  
IS very dry and astringent; it is a good medicine in resisting the fluxes of blood, helping the Catarrh, dysentery, and ulcers of the mouth: It is good, in the Pestilence, and all other like infections.   

Allome  
Is astringent, mendeth putrified ulcers drieth the moist, consumeth proud superfluous flesh, taketh away the itch, and cureth the scab, and is very profitable in lotions for ulcerations of the mouth, throat, or elsewhere: Being burnt, it is most used to dry up ulcers, and induce a cicatrize.   

White Coperas,  
IT is good for Collyriums, or lotions for the infirmities of the eyes, namely against itchings, achings, smartings, defluxions, and opthalmiaes of the eyes.   

Album graecum,  
OR white dogs turd, is hot and astringent, stayeth the Lask, cureth the Squinancy, helpeth the Dysentery, and driveth away Fevers, that come by course; and is very good to strew the fundament, fallen down withal, being powdered and sifted through a Lawn or Sarsenet.   

Trochisks of Red-lead.  
THese trochisks consume proud flesh, mundify sordid ulcers, as also callous or hard flesh, and wonderfully cures Fistulaes'. They are thus made.  

℞. Medullae panis crudl bene fermentati, four drams.  
Sublimati electi, one dram.  
Minii, half a dram.  
Aqua Rosarum, as much as will suffice to incorporate them into a stiff paste.   
Make them up into what fashion you please with the Rose water, and dry them in an Oven, and keep them for your use.   

Praecipitate.  
THis Mercurial medicine is of the same quality with Mercury, and for killing and curing gives way to no other; it is good to cleanse and dry old ulcers, being mingled with Basilicon; it brings new or old sores to digestion, and stays blood being applied upon Lint; it is given in pills against the French pox, but not without great danger, unless it be done with good advice.   

Quicksilver.  
IT corrodeth, killeth Lice and Nits, and also the itch; woundeth the intestines, suppresseth urine, swelleth the body, hurteth the stomach, and belly; resolveth, penetrateth, and purgeth.   

Lapis medicamentosus.  
THis stone being dissolved one ounce of it in a pint of Rain-water, or Riverwater (not Well-water) and filtered from the dregs, so as it remain clear, and so wash any old sore with it morning and night, and a linen cloth wet in it, and laid upon it, and it will heal it in what part soever it be; it stays all defluxions, cleanseth and comforteth the part affected; it fastens the teeth, and keeps the gums from putrefaction; it is good for redness and heat in the eyes, or humours, if the corners of the eyes be moistened with a feather; it taketh away St. Anthony's fire, Shingles, etc. if a cloth wet in it be laid upon them, and renewed as soon as it is dry: it heals the scabs of the hands or body, it they be washed at night; it is good against the Cancer in the breast, or mouth, or any ulcers of the mouth, or throat, being gargarised; it dries Blisters, or weals on the feet; it heals all sorts of burninqs, if a cloth wet in it be laid upon them, it is thus made.  

℞. Vitrioli virid. one pound.  
Vitrioli albi, half a pound.  
Alumnis, one pound and half.  
Salis nitri, of each three ounces.  
Salis communis, of each three ounces.  
Salis Tartari,  
Absinthii,  
Artimesiae,  
Chicoriae,  
Persicariae,  
Plantaginis, of each half an ounce.   
Put the mall into a new earthen pot, and put to them a little Rose Vinegar, and boil them on a gentle coal fire, ever stirring them until they begin to grow thick, then add 

Venice Ceruse, half a pound.  
Bole armeny, four ounces.   Mingle them well together, until it grows to the hardness of a stone, then let it cool and break the pot and take it out, and keep it to your use; If you will put in gums, as Myrrh and Frankinscense, you must boil them very gently lest they burn, and the strength vanish away.   

 Coperas,  
IS made as burnt Alom is, of any sort of Coperas, and is used to abate spongy flesh in ulcers, and also in all restrictive powders for staying of fluxes; and it helpeth well with other fitting Simples to cicatrize, and also in lotions and gargarisms it is of good use.   

Honey  
ENglish Honey being yellow, the favour and odour pleasant, sharp, pure, sincere, clear, fast, or stiff, yielding little scum in decoction, is good and very profitable for those that are coctive, as also for the stomach, if one drink it with water, it helpeth the bladder, and reins, it is good for the eyes, it mundifieth openeth and healeth; as for burn and scaldings it cureth them without scar, and is very good to heal ulcers of the ears.   

Beane meal,  
IS cold, and moist, dissolveth all swell, is very good for ulcers, evils, and blast of the genitors, and taketh away inflammation of women's paps, made into a poult is with beer and vinegar, it helpeth the swelling of the legs.   

Barley meal.  
IT is cold and dry in the first degree, dissolveth hot and cold tumours, digesteth, softeneth, and ripeneth hard swell, stoppeth the lask, and humours falling into the joints, discusseth wind, is good against the scurf, and leprosy, and allayeth the inflammations of the Gout.   

Wheat flower,  
IS hot in the first degree, stoppeth spitting of blood, distillations of subtle humours, helpeth the cough and roughness of the sharp artery, dissolveth tumours, and cleanseth the face from Lentils and spots, appeaseth hunger and thirst, and is the principal natural upholder of the life and health of man.   

Mill-dust.  
MIll-dust is used in compositions, to stay fluxes of bleeding wounds.   

Wheat-bran.  
IS good against the scurf, itch, and spreading scab, dissolveth the beginnings of hot swell, doth suage and slake the hard swell of women's breasts, and the decoction thereof is singular good, to cure the painful exulcerations in the entrails given by Clysters.   

Of the Crows-bills, Catch-bullets, and Terebellum.  
THese Instruments are used severally to draw out bullets, arrow-heads, broken bones, pieces of Armour, or Mail, or whatsoever else of unnatural things gotten into any part of man's body; In the use of them great care and respect must be had not to use extreme violence on the sudden to draw out the offending thing; for it is not always necessary to draw it out by the way of the first wound, but perhaps it may with far less danger be thrust quite through the member, and taken out on the other side.  
Sometimes a bullet, or arrow-head may be fixed in a bone, or between bones, and then it is far better not to move it, then to offend the part wherein it is lodged or settled; for in such cases oftentimes nature doth better cast it forth, than the Artist can devise to do,   

Incision-sheers.  
THis Instrument is to dilate, and enlarge the orifice of a wound, for divers respects, though many instead thereof do use the Incision-knife, yet upon several occasions you shall find the Incision-sheers to be needful and necessary.   

The Scrue-probe,  
IS an Instrument as long again as an ordinary probe, made to unscrue in the middle, and is used where the small probe is too short to make sufficient probation.   

Dismembring-knife.  
THis Instrument is used in dismembering; as namely to amputate or cut any offensive part, or member in man's body; I mean the fleshy parts or whatsoever else may be incised close to the bone, or between the bones, the better to make way for the same, having always in a readiness an Incision-knife to cut asunder in all places as the knife cannot come at.   

Of the Trafine.  
THis Instrument was first devised by Mr. John Woodal, a very learned man, whom I do chief follow in the method of this Book, as I have declared in my Preface, and is of more use than the Trapan, as I have divers times experienced, and I use it according to the said Mr. Woodals' direction in his book, which because it is not in every place, therefore I shall rehearse his own words whereby the Artist may find the use of it, and by practice come to gain more knowledge of it.  
It is first to be considered that the pin thereunto belonging (which is in the midst of the head) being placed truly in the Centre, be artificially made of good steel, and that it be triangular also, that it be sharp each way, well pointed, and stand fast in the instrument, and also that it stand no lower, but always somewhat higher than the circumferent teeth of the head of that instrument do; for because the said pin in the centre guideth the circumferent tooth-headed-saw to the beginning of the work, and in the agitating and moving the Trafine with the hand to and fro in this work, the said pin may first take hold ere the teeth of the instrument touch the scull, for the said pin is not only appointed as a rule and guide, and also as the stay to the work; which done, namely when the tooth, head, orb, or saw, hath taken round hold, than the sooner the better, the Artist is to take up the instrument to wipe and cleanse the teeth thereof, and draw out the said pin in the center, the which he may no ways omit; which done, he is by the agitation of his hand only to and fro to pierce, and having pierced, as it were half through, he is again to take up his instrument, and cleanse it, and then again to proceed in piercing by the motion of his hand to and fro, until he have in all parts gone through the cranium, which if he diligently regard in the tender observant motion of his own hands; I mean, he that pierceth shall sensibly feel when the bone is penetrated through on each part, which considered, then drawing of his instrument, he shall find the piece of the cranium so removed, fixed with the head of the instrument.  
But note, nevertheless there is a great care to be taken by the Artist in the manner of the piercing, and taking out the piece of the frustrated bone divers ways.  
And first, let him be sure ever to place the broding head of the Instrument that pierceth so, that the triangular pin in the centre thereof be set upon a firm part of the cranium or scull, yet always provided it be as near the fractured part thereof as may be.  
Secondly, the Artist is to consider, that as he which pierceth the cranium with a small straight head, such as the Trapans were accustomed to have, as is said, by the giving way of the small screw that fasteneth the head of the Trapan, the patient's life may be endangered, namely if the cranium be throughly pierced, the instrument casually should slip down upon the dura mater, as myself to my grief once saw; even in like manner he that useth a ragged taper-head of a Trafine, how safe soever, may be guilty of endangering his patient, if he be not careful in the manner of his piercing; namely that after his instrument hath taken hold round with the teeth, if he either leave the pin untaken out, the said pin being longer than the teeth of the instrument, he may wound the pannicle dura mater before the piece intended to be taken out be pierced through in each part, or that he do not at the least twice or thrice in the time of his piercing the cranium, take up and cleanse the teeth of his instrument with a clout, thereby as it were to mistrust himself, as fearing whether it have in all parts pierced through, or no, or how much, or in which part he is wanting for fear of going too deep, otherwise he may kill his patiented ere he doth find or perceive he is through; for a work so seldom used, and the errors thereof being of so dangerous a consequence, the Artist, though otherwise discreet, by omission oblivion, or other improvidence, be wanting in some observation highly worthy of regard; wherefore it behooveth him to suspect himself, and be cautions, for that a man can never be too wary in such a business: for although the piece every way may be pierced, and removed out of his place, yea and contained within the Trafine head, yea and stick to the same, yet the Artist may by his hand be mistaken, and think it not to be through, for that the instrument sticketh as firmly, and as fast in the place when the piece is out, and within the orb● of the Trafine, as it did ere it was divided, and as if it had not gone through: hereby if the Artist observe not his intermissions by forbearing now and then his piercing, as is said, and sometimes view his work, and cleanse the teeth of the instrument ere it be through he is subject to go too deep, and wound the dura mater by the continued motion of his hand, notwithstanding the piece of the cranium is completely removed, and resteth within the head of the said instrument.  
Further he adviseth the young Artist to make trial on a Calves-head, or the like subject, before he put it in practice upon a man; for indeed a Surgeon can never be too fearful of omission, or of overdoing, for hereby he doth often run himself into divers inconveniences to his great reproach and damage.   

Of the headsaw.  
THe headsaw is an instrument by which a vent may be given sometimes through the cranium, and thereby the use of the Trapan, and also of the Trafine may be forborn. I do use this instrument made about the length of a finger, and about half an inch broad, well toothed, but not too rank, the point turning upward like the top of a falchion, and toothed all the way, so that with the compassed top I can divide what I see good in the cranium, and with it also I can take off a finger or toe as occasion shall serve; and this way I use rather than cutting mullets or chissels, they being so apt to shatter the bones, and with this of the member be steadfastly held, or bound to some piece of wood, it is taken off very cleanly.   

Of the dismembring-Saw.  
THis is the instrument which the Artist shall never use without terror, knowing that the subject whereon he is to work is the most precious of all the creatures of God. The use of it is to cut in two a bone, either of the arm leg, or thigh, after that the flesh is separated from it by the amputation-knife, and the periostaen scraped away with the back of the same knife, that the Saw may the more surely and firmly take hold upon the bone.   

Of the Speculum oris.  
THere are two sorts of these instruments, that is to say, a Speculum oris plain, which taketh hold under the chin, and holdeth the mouth open and the tongue down both at one time, and is very necessary in applying medicines to the root of the tongue, Uuula, or roof of the mouth. The other is a Speculum oris with a screw, thereby by degrees to force, and wrest open the jaws in the Lethargy, Convulsions, Scurvy, and many other dangerous diseases, and for conveying nourishment into the mouth of the Patient; and these two instruments cannot well be missing in a Chirurgeons closet.   

Speculum Ani.  
THe name of this instrument declareth to what use it serveth, namely to the fundament, only to open the same as occasion shall be offered upon any disease happening in that part, as excoriation, ulceration, fistula, etc. Let him that useth this instrument have a care not to force needless dilation, lest he bruise the muscles of the sphincter, which divers times will mightily resist the opening instrument, yea and the patients own will, and then if the Artist desist not from his purpose, he may make dangerous consequences.   

Of the Cauterizing-irons.  
THese instruments have been far more used of the Ancients, then now they are, they being terrible to the patients, and therefore forborn in many cures. But they are very necessary to cauterize, or sear the end of any vein or artery in a great flux of blood, which cannot otherwise be stayed; and to cauterize the end or stump of a bone after dismembering, and also the ends of the veins, and arteries; and truly, although there are other ways practised by some, yet I hold this way far better and surer, because the heat of the instrument doth consume the venomous humidity abiding in the part, and draweth it outwards, and comforteth much the parts adjacent; they are used very fitly to open Apostumes, and to make fontanels or issues behind on the head, or in the neck in the apoplexy, epilepsy, etc.   

Of large Spatulaes'.  
LArge Spatulaes' of wood and iron, must be always in a readiness to stir either Emplasters, or Unguents in the compounding, or any other liquid composition whatsoever.   

Forceps for Teeth.  
THe forceps of several forms are to pull out a tooth, of which the Artist shall be stored with two or three of several sizes and fashions, and a punch to force out a stump of a hollow tooth, which cannot be laid hold on by the other instruments.   

Of the small syringe.  
THe small syringe, though many pretend to have the true knowledge of the use thereof, yet they fail very grossly.  
Your syringe ought to be of tin or silver, kept very clean, having one for watery injections, another for oily, well armed with tow, the spouts sound, without flaws, and very smooth, and going very steady, not delivering the liquor by jumps; and in using this instrument for the gonnorrhaea, when you have put it into the passage of the yard, your best way is to rest both your elbows on the Patient's thighs, he sitting somewhat high, or standing bowing forwards; strive not to fill the syringe too full at once, for than it will not so easily be delivered, as being too far from thy reach, let the first be delivered between glans and praeputium holding the praeputium close together if it may be, only to wash the passage; the next bout thou shalt take the yard in thy left hand about the middle, not pressing it hard, and then put in thy syringe as far as thou canst leisurely, and resting thy arms as aforesaid, and then deliver the injection, holding thy left hand so as it may not come out again, but be conveyed to the neck of the bladder, getting another to fill the syringe again, and deliver that as the other was, not removing thy hand, and then the water will come into the bladder, and this way thou mayest inject as much water as thou wilt into the bladder without pain.  
Let not the medicines to be injected be too hot, nor too cold, a little warmer than piss is the best temper, and use no mercury, sublimate, or precipitate in the lotions, for though they have good qualities, yet to a young Artist they may prove very dangerous, used by way of injection into the yard.  
The syringe is not here limited, but is necessarily used in wounds, ulcers, and fistulas, for griefs in the mouth and throat, as shall be declared when we come to speak of the curing of such diseases.   

Of the Clister-siringe.  
THis is is a very necessary instrument, and therefore I would advise the Artist ever to have one in readiness well armed with tow, with two or three pipes well fitted, that it be kept very clean, drawn out and hanged up in two or three parts to keep it sweet and the tow from rotting, there is also belonging to this instrument, a crooked neck like an elbow, that in what manner soever the Patiented lie, the medicine may be administered to him, and therewith also a man may give himself a clyster without the help of another. You must be sure to have the tow put on even close and full that when you pour in the liquor, not one drop can come out by the staffs end, and you must also have a Clyster-pot of pewter, or rather of brass for melting, with a spout, the better to deliver into the syringe the liquor without a funnel, and this pot must contain at the least one pint and a half; when you put in the liquor into your syringe, you shall draw down the staff close to the end, having a cork ready to stop the other end, and so lay it down till you be ready to use it: when you are ready to use it, you shall pull out the cork, holding the syringe upright for spilling, and then serve on the head, and dip the end of it in some fat thing, and put it up as far as you can, laying it in as even position as you can, and then deliver it until all be in the gut, and then let the Patient turn himself on his back, forcing himself by all possible means to keep the medicine given him for one hour if he can. Sometimes it falleth out that by reason of the hardness of the excrement in the gut, the holes of the siringe-pipe are like to be choked and hindered from delivering the medicine, in such a case (the excrement being made clammy and not hardened) put upon the end of your siringe-pipe that first entereth the gut over the holes of the same pipe, a thin oily clout that may cover all the holes, and so put it in clout and all, thrusting the same as aforesaid, up to the thick part or head of the pipe, than a very little as it were draw back your hand, and deliver your Clyster with a very good force, thrusting the pipe in the delivery close up to the body that nothing come back.  
But if you find such a resistance in the gut, that the medicine by the aforesaid means will not enter, then with the hereafter mentioned spatula mundanum, draw out part of the hard excrements which hinder, and then proceed as aforesaid to give your Clyster; moreover many are grown so weak, that they are not able to retain the medicine cast into their bodies the due time, you shall then in this case make use of some soft clout, tow, or the like to hold it in, whereby they may take the benefit of the clyster administered.  
Concerning the quantity of a Clyster to be given, we usually give a full pint, about as warm as piss newly made, and observe that in dangerous fluxes when we give comfortable Clysters, we oftentimes force them up as far as we can, I mean the liquor by thrusting the staff harder; when you draw out your syringe, let it be washed and wiped clean, and the staff drawn out of the barrel, and hung up, and this you shall find to be a more cleanlier, easier and safer way to administer a Clyster, both for the Chirurgeon, and also the Patient, than the ancient Clyster-bag and pipe, which are often rotten and putrified, that when they are used, do break in the work, and so spoil all.   

Of the Cathaeter.  
THe Cathaeter is an instrument very necessary amongst the rest, that if any obstructions happen, either in the passage of the urine or neck of the bladder, through slime, gravel, the stone, or the like accident, which by the artificial use of a syringe cannot be removed, then is this needful instrument to be used, as also to make search for the stone in the bladder.  
If therefore you have occasion to use it, put it in gently, as followeth namely with the crooked or dependent part downward, so far as it will be put in, being first anointed with a little oil of Almonds, or some fresh grease, or some oil, for want of the afore-rehearsed▪ and being put in as you can without much force, then feel by the root of the yard near the fundament with the forefinger anointed with butter or oil (or the middle-finger of thy other hand) where the end of the Cathaeter resteth, or beareth out, then put in the Cathaeter, yet further towards the fundament, pressing or bearing down as it were, a little, the lower part of the said instrument with the upper hand, which stayeth the Cathaeter, then, together with the help of the lower finger of the other hand, turn the Cathaeter upwards, putting it also withal forwards a little, and it will slip into the bladder, then draw out the wire within the instrument, and the urine will come forth, still keeping the instrument carefully within the bladder, till all be run out, that gently will come without forcing.  
Moreover you may by putting in the longest finger into the Patient's fundament (the Cathaeter being in the bladder, and the water drawn out) feel easily if any stone be in the bladder, the party grieved standing, and bending his body likewise forward.  
It willbe also necessary to have searching candles of wax, to be used in caruncles, or ulceration of the neck of the bladder, or passage of the urine, and by that you shall find out the place where the said grief is, and also be able to convey apt medicines to the place grieved; but indeed it is a work that requireth good deliberation well to effect it, for an expert workman may easilly be seen herein to err, except he take good regard.  
Wherefore when by the candle you have found the certain place of the grief, which you shall perceive when you thrust the candle into the yard by the stops and stays which it will find in the said passage: be careful to observe the just length to the further end of the said stop of place aggrieved, and there if you mark your candle well, you shall perceive the full length and breadth of the disease, then upon the said candle you shall fasten the medicine you intent for the grief; as namely, if the disease be a kind of spongy flesh, as often it is, than a little alumen ustum, or vitriolum ustum will be fitting medicines, or what else you know most fit for such an occasion, and print it according to the depressed part of the wax into the wax-candle, and convey it warily to the place, and let the candle remain in the yard, but have a care you keep it not in till the wax melt too much, then draw it out, and arm it as before, and put it in again, and ever alter your medicine upon the searching candle, as you see cause; and forget not to use good injection also, which will help much.   

Of the Cupping-glasses.  
YOu shall find these to be very useful in many businesses; namely, to fasten upon a bubo to bring it forward, for which they are very good; sometimes also to set upon the upper part of the shoulder blade to draw back humours, which oppress the head, eyes, or teeth or against Lethargy, or on the thighs against aches or pains there, and to bring down women's courses, or for the cure of the Sciarica they are very good; or to draw blood or spirits to a member withered or benumbed with the dead palsy, sometimes also they are applied without scarifying to attract humours to a place; at another time they are set with scarification to draw blood and choler out of any member offended with them.  
They are used divers ways, some with tow, some with a small wax light fastened to the bottom, some with a great candle: but for myself, I have used all those ways yet find none better than to fasten a little dry tow to the bottom of the g●…ss with a little wax, and then rub well the part with hot water, and a sponge where you will set your glass, then light your tow with a candle and clap it upon the place, and it will stick fast, and draw up a great bump, then press the skin with your finger close to the glass and it will come off, then if it be fitting, take a lancet, and lightly scarify the place, and then set on your glass again, and draw as much blood as you shall think fitting, then wish the place with fair water, and dry it well with a sponge, and anoint it with a little fresh butter, and it will be whole; scarify not to deep, for that is dangerous and needless, you must have several Cupping-glasses, some bigger than others, for the greater are for the thighs, a little less for the arms, and the least for the hands and feet; for if your glasses be too wide, they will not take hold.   

Of Blood-porrengers.  
BLood porringers are necessary for any Chirurgeon, thereby to be the more certain of the quantity of blood which is let forth; for since the blood of man is so precious, it behooveth to be very careful how, and what proportion is taken away. The Porringers which we ordinarily use, hold about three ounces, and to fill two and a half of these at a time, although the Patient be very strong, is enough, although you be forced to open the vein again the next day; for it is always better to take away a little blood at a time, then to let forth so much as to the swooning of the Patient, by which happen many dangerous accidents, except the party have a pleurisy, or some such urgent occasion shall offer itself; for I hold it a great deal better to offend in taking away too little blood, then too much, but indeed our Country is now so stored with a company of empirical Idiots, who (whatsoever the disease be) presently upon sight of the urine by which they discern as much as in a glass of beer, cry out to open a vein, and then they must either bleed twelve, fourteen, or sixteen ounces, or else they think their Patient counts not his money well given, and thus people are abused, feeling either ache, numbness, or a chilling cold in that part so long as they live after.   

Of the Spatula mundana.  
THis instrument I have divers times used, though it be but lately invented, and with good success in extreme costiveness, when no purging medicine, either upward or downward would do any good; you may if occasion offer, open the fundament with a Speculum ani first, but most commonly it is easily forced into the fundament of itself being anointed with grease, and so put up the spoons end, and therewith draw out the hard and overdried excrements, by which means the body will return again to his natural habit.   

The Diet-Pot,  
IS made either of brass, or earth, and serveth for boiling drinks of several sorts or kinds, in Fevers, Calentures, etc. for boiling Lotions and other Decoctions upon several occasions.   

Weights, and Scales.  
THese are things in a manner slighted by many, yet they are the things upon which depends oftentimes the life or death of the Patient: let the Artist therefore be stored with two pair of Scales, one for ounces, the other for grains, with two good even beams, both them and the pans kept clean scoured; now because many having Scales and weights scarce have the true knowledge of them, I will therefore set down what kind of weights we ordinarily use.  
There are two sorts of weights now used, the Troy weight containing twelve ounces, and that is it which the Goldsmith's use, and we also divers times. The other is Averdupois weight, which contains sixteen ounces, and is used by the Grocers and others, and is indeed generally used amongst the Apothecaries.  

A pound of Avoir dupois weight hath sixteen ounces, and is marked thus, lb.  
An ounce hath eight drachms, and is marked thus, ℥.  
A drammne hath three scruples, and is thus marked, ʒ.  
A scruple hath twenty grains, and is thus known ℈.  
And a Barley corn, Wheat, or Pepper come may be used for a grain, which is known by this mark, gr.  
Two drams is the weight of eighteen pence in money, one dram of nine pence.  
And our measures agreeing with our weights most usually are as followeth.  
A wine gallon of water containeth eight pound.  
A pottle four pound.  
A quart two pound, and hath this mark, qr.  
A pint one pound, and is thus noted, pi.  
And of ordinary Salet oils, seven pound and a half is accounted a gallon. And thus much I thought good to write concerning the weights and measures, that there may be no mistake in the Artist.    

Of the Lancet.  
Next I would advise the Artist to be always provided with a Case of good Lancets, which he shall ever carry in his pocket, that they may be ready upon any occasion, and also the better to keep them from rusting; let them be clean and well set, not too spear pointed, nor too thin, for if they have either of those faults, they will not make a good orifice.  
When you come to use them, you shall (after you have taken notice of the vein you intent to open) make a ligature about the arm some three fingers breadth above the place you purpose to cut, in this manner: take a yard of your worsted gartering, or a strong List, or in want of these a woman's Fillet will serve (but linen and silk are apt to slip) put your bandage upon the arm, and turn the ends both round the arm and meet them together on the outside, so that it come twice about the arm, and then tie them on a single bow knot, which will easily be loosed upon occasion; then put a thick staff in the patients stand to gripe fast, and with your hand chafe well the vein that it may rise full, if it lie deep and be small, you shall foment it with warm water, rubbing the place hard with a linen cloth until the vein appear; make your orifice large, not deep, for the larger the orifice is (so that it be not too large to spend the spirits by tumbling out the blood too fast) the less danger there willbe of apostumation: when your orifice is too small, the place will presently puff up with wind: always strike the vein in a little cross, not just along the vein, nor quite overwart, but slanting, and if you go not deep enough at the first stroke, thrust in your Lancet quickly in the same orifice a little deeper; but if you chance to strike besides the vein, then strike presently a little higher; when you have well noted the place you intent to cut, you shall lay your thumb gently upon the vein just by that place, and with your Lancet between your finger and thumb of the other hand, and your little finger leaning upon the arm, to rest your whole hand the more steddier, gently thrust in your Lancet as far as you shall think will reach the vein; a little stretching up your hand, whereby you shall gently enlarge the orifice: you may partly feel when the Lancet hath entered the vein; then take forth as much blood as you shall see convenient, then pull one end of your ligature, and by the slacking of that the blood will stay, then with your fingers crush out the lappered blood out of the orifice, and lay on a pledget of Lint dipped in cold water, and a linen cloth twice double upon that, both which ought to be laid in a readiness before the ligation be made, and then with the band bind up the arm, going cross above and below the elbow, still making the band to cross upon the boulder, and pin or tie it fast, but not too hard, but so as the patient may easily endure it, neither over the elbow, for then the arm cannot be bended, and this binding must remain until the next day, and with a garter or linen cloth let the arm be tied to the breast.  
If the patiented chance to faint in the bleeding, let him put his finger far into his mouth and press down the root of his tongue, and force himself to keck as if he would cast, and it will help, but it he swoon then bow him forward, and clap your palm of your hand close upon his mouth, stopping his nose between your finger and thumb, and he will come to himself again presently.  
Let none blood, if he have not had a stool that day or the day before.  
If any come to thee to be let blood, do it not without good advice where the Physician adviseth, and thou dost according to his directions whatsoever happens thou shalt go blameless.  
Many will upon the least distemper run to a Barber to be blooded, which to get twelve pence he refuses not to do against all sense and reason divers times; for he neither weighs the age, nor considers the disease, but fills the Porringers, the patiented going away perhaps a little eased for the present, perhaps worse, but most of them grow to such maladies afterwards, that they are scarce able to help themselves.  
You shall have also young females that have been a little too bold with their sweetheart's, will come to you desiring to be blooded in the foot, and tell you they want their natural purgation, when indeed just cause they have, therefore have a great care in such cases, and do it not without advice either from some learned Physician, or thy own judgement and good consideration.  
The veins usually opened are in number eight, three in the arm, one in the hand, one in the forehead one under the tongue and two in the foot.  
The first in the arm is called the Cephalica, or head-veine, and lieth uppermost on the outside the arm, and is opened for affects of the head and eyes, and without danger of touching either nerve or artery.  
The next is the mediana or middle, or common vein, and lieth in the midst of the arm, and is opened instead of the cephalick, or basilick vein, when they are difficult to be opened: It is cut generally in any affect of the body, but beware of going too deep for fear of pricking the nerve or tendon of the two-headed muscle lying under it.  
The third is the basilica, epatica, or liver-veine, and lieth lowest on the inside of the arm, and is opened for to breathe the liver and spleen, and hath an artery lying under it.  
And because all veins have their original in the liver, therefore if the two first will not easily be taken, than you shall bleed the median or middle vein, or as the general rule amongst Physicians, is to take the fairest appearing vein in the arm, except some principal occasion alter their mind.  
The fourth vein is betwixt the ringfinger, and ●●e little finger, and breatheth the liver, spleen, and head, and may be opened safer in weak bodies than any vein in the arm; you shall make a ligatu e about the wrist, and put the hand in warm water until the vein appear, chase it a little to make it rise the fuller, and then with your lancet open it aslant, and let it bleed in the water.  
The fifth is the vein in the forehead, which is opened for pains in the head, rheums▪ distillations of humours, and the like; but have a care of going too deep for hurting the perioranium, and it is opened in good success in the frenzy.  
The sixth is the vein under the tongue, and is opened in the squinanzy, inflammation and swelling of the amigdals, or Almonds of the throat, Apostumes of the mouth or throat, or root of the tongue; but if the Artist be not ready in the taking this vein, let him open the Cephalica of the side affected.  
The seventh is the Saphana lying under the ankle, and is opened in warm water as the vein in the hand is, and chief to draw down women monthly visits.  
The eight last is the vein on the outside the leg called popletica, and is opened in the sciatica and pain in the joints, and is opened in water as the former.  
The Artist having all his instruments thus fitted, shall keep them all very clean, oiled, and rolled up in oily clouts, and chose that have edges shall be ever well set and sharp, remembering always when he hath used any of them to rub them very clean, and dry before he lay them up; have also in a readiness these things following, viz.  

A Clyster-pot,  
Searces of hair and lawn,  
Splints,  
Tape,  
Sponges,  
Rowlets,  
A mortar and pestle,  
strainers,  
Junckes,  
Tow,  
Clouts,  
Thread and needles to make Rulers.    

Of Wounds.  
BEcause I will not seem tedious, I shall not rehearse the definition of wounds, which is so much treated of already in all Authors, but show the Artist what he ought to do, when he is called to a wounded Patient.  
First, than the Artist must know that all wounds are either external, or internal and penetrating.  
The external wounds are discerned by sight, or handling.  
Those which are internal and penetrating are either in the head, breast, or lower belly, and are discovered also by sight, feeling, or by searching them with an instrument: Now to know what internal parts are wounded by the symptoms, you shall observe,  
That if the membranes of the brain be hurt, there follows sneezing, vomiting, bleeding at nose, or ears running, and the like; but if the substance of the brain be hurt, those signs are increased, and bilious or sharp vomiting is seen, also a Fever, dull understanding, with alteration of favour, and countenance, stupidity also, and dumbness.  
If the breast be wounded, the air cometh out of the wound, the Patient feeleth the taste in his mouth of the things applied to the wound.  
If the lungs be hurt, the Patient breatheth hardly with a rattling sound, and his spittle is frothy, pale, and raw.  
If the perecranium, that is the skin covering the skull be hurt, sudden, and often sounding sometimes ensues.  
If the heart be wounded, there follows a coldness of all the members, extinction of natural beat and speedy death.  
If the great veins and arteries in the breast be hurt, an immoderate flux of blood, defection of virtue in all the faculties, a cold, and unsavoury sweat doth ensue, and death within few hours.  
The Diaphragma or midriff wounded in the sinewy part, causeth convulsion, hard breathing, sharp fever, raving, and death; but if it be only in the fleshy part it hath no such symptoms, and is capable of remedies.  
If the recurrent nerves be wounded, there followeth loss of speech, suppression of motion, and sense without recovery.  
If the Liver be hurt, there followeth vomiting, ejections of blood, much pain, continual fever, raving, resolution of the spirits, cold sweat, and consequently death.  
The Liver and the Spleen are alike affected, when they are wounded, only the symptoms of the Spleen are on the left side the Livers on the right.  
If the Stomach be wounded, there follows frequent vomiting, swooning, fainting, and death.  
If the Guts are wounded, the excrements will come through the wound unsavoury and putrified.  
If the Reins or Kidneys be hurt, there follows suppression of urine, with a sore pain in the groin and stones, with swelling even to death.  
If the Bladder be hurt, the like symptoms happens as in wounds of the Reins, unless the sinewy parts be grieved, for than follows distension of the belly, pissing of blood, vomiting, voiding of urine at the wound, suppression of the faculties, doting, and death.  
when the marrow of the backbone is hurt, there followeth resolution of the sinews (which hindereth the function of sense and motion) voluntary evacuation of the excrements, putrefaction of the intestines, and death.  
A vein cut bleeds thick red blood.  
An Artery cut, sends forth yellowish, subtle blood, thin, hot, beating, and flying out by jumps with great violence.   

Wounds dressed.  
THe manner of dressing wounds, shall be first to view well the part wounded, and to remove such things as may hinder consolidation, as hairs, broken bones, iron, lead, wood, or whatsoever is besides nature, with fitting instruments, and with as little pain as may be, not tearing, or breaking any adjacent vessel, but clear the wound so, as nothing may be left to hinder the good application of medicines to the grief. Next you shall reduce the dislocated, and disjoined parts, setting and composing the veins and nerves in their right order and places, that the beauty and due office of the member may not be diminished and that it may conglutinate the easier, these being thus united must be kept so together by ligature, future, and such other due, and artifical means as occasion shall offer Then let the flux of blood be stayed if any be, by application of the astringent powder following; first making a pledgent of tow, dip it in the white of an egg well beaten, and strew it over with the powder, and lay it on the wound, and roll it up decently. The astringent powder is thus made, 

℞ Aloes,  
Boli Armeni,  
Sanguis draconis,  
Thuris,  
Myrrhae, of each one ounce.   Powder them finely, and put to them the hairs of the belly of an old Hare cut small, and keep it for your use.  
If the flux of blood be great, you shall not open it again until two or three days be past; but if the wound be slight, you may dress it again the next day: In all slight wounds (I mean such as are only in the flesh without loss of substance) close them as soon a possible, and heal them according to the first intention, that is by agglutination, by applying such things as have power to comfort, and consolidate, not to suppurate. If the wound be great with laceration of some vessel, whereby follows a great flux of blood; if it be an Artery, the surest way is to cut it in two, and cauterize it at both ends with a cauterizing button or else take it up and tie it, and then cauterize it; if the wound be accompanied with a shattered bone, you shall not apply any thing that is unctuous near the bone, but you may dress it with Spirit of wine and honey of Roses very hot, either by injection or tents until digestion, or dissolve in your Spirit of wine a little myrrh and storax, and this dressing must be likewise hot, afterwards by degrees you may use Arcaeus lineament, and Lukatullies' balsam pretty warm, keeping upon it a mellilote plaster, or Paracelsus; if the wound be in the head with fracture of the scull, you shall next the scull lay a pledgent of dry lint, next that a pledgent armed with Arcaeus lineament hot, over that another dry pledgent to keep the lips of the wound from closing until the scull be closed, and over all these a plaster of bettonica, or Paracelsus, or melilot simple.  
If it be a shot wound, then at the second dressing, you shall use this oil in case it be a fleshly wound 

℞ Ol. Catullorum, two ounces.  
Ol. Terebinthinae, half an ounce,  
Ol. Hyperici, one ounce.    
Dip in tents, and apply them hot.  
But if it be a nervous part, or the bone splintred, then use this following 

℞ Spirit of wine or strong Aqua vitae ℥ ij.  
Honey of Roses ℥ ●●.   Mingle them, and use it warm till perfect digestion, and this you shall use in wounds of the head till perfect digestion, and then use Arcaeus lineament with a little basilicon, when it is mundified, add to them the Golden-ointment, always applying them pretty warm.  
Make not your tents above the length of half a finger, and twist th' m not too hard, that the savies be not hindered from flowing forth.  
When you pull out your tent out of the wound, m●r●●…el the end of it, whether it digests or incarnates. If the wound become to perfect digestion, you shall perceive the end of the tent covered with matter of good consistence, neither too thick nor too thin of a whitish yellow colour; when it incarnates, than you shall see a small spot of a reddish matter, something like the Chylus as it issues from the bottom of the ventricle, and you shall shorten your tents until the wound be filled up with flesh, and then use Diapalma or De minio plaster.  
I knew some that never used any medicines to either incised, or contused wounds save Basilicon and the Red-lead plaster, yet cured many.  
When you stitch a wound, you shall not set your stitches too thick, but after this following manner: set you stitching quill to one side, and with your needle armed with green, or red silk oiled, you shall pierce the skin through on both sides the wound, not taking too much hold for causing of pain, nor taking up too little lest the hold breaks before the edges be agglutinated; then tie your silk (drawing he edges of the wound pretty close) with two knots for slipping▪ and cut off the ends, about an inch from that you may make such another stitch; and thus do so often, until you have joined the wound.  
When you come to dress a wound, let all your instrument plasters and tents, or pledgents be laid orderly in a fair platter, with your bolsters and rulers; your probe armed over the eye with fine lint, either to dry the edges of the wound when you make probation, or to make the wound clean from the sanies that shall be in it, but in this you shall be very careful that your lint be very fine, and do it very lightly, for the new flesh that grows is as thin as a spider's web, and will easily be removed.  
Warm your unguents in your uvula spoon, or any other spoon, and dip in your tents so that they may be covered all save the head.  
If the wound be dressed with pledgents than you shall fill it up with one pledgent upon another, until you have made it level with the member, and then lay on the plaster, and next a bolster of fine cloth of three folds, and then roll it up.  
You shall not need to dress any wound oftener than once in four and twenty hours, except upon necessity.  
In wounds of the head you shall use this method following,  
First, shave away this hair, and if any lose bones be, you shall take them out gently without forcing; if the cranium or scull be depressed, raise it gently with the levatory, but if it will not be done gently, let it remain two or three days before you try again, for I have seen nature raise a depressed scull of itself; next stay the flux of blood, and roll it up for two days, in which time (if the patiented hath not bled much at the wound) you shall open a vein in the arm, and if he hath not had the benefit of nature, it will do well to give him a carminative Clyster, made as followeth, 

℞ Decoct. come. Clysterum, one pound.  
Spec. Benedict. laxat. two drams.  
Mellis, two ounces.  
Bactyri, as much as a nutmeg.  
Salis, one dram.    
Mingle them all, and give it warm about four a clock afternoon.  
Let him eat thin broths, and drink small beer, lying in a good temperate air, and free from noise.  
But if there be a contusion without a wound, so that symptoms arise with a tumour, than dilatation is needful that the contussd blood may issue out, and this must not be delayed; where the scull is broken, be su e to take out clean all spills, or splinters of bones that may lie upon the membranes covering the brain, and at every dressing with a little sponge take out the blood, or matter that shall fall upon them, keeping coals near the wound all the time of your dressing for fear of cold.  
If the spirits be weak, it will not be amiss to give the Patiented a cordial made after this manner, 

℞ French-barley, one heaped spoonful.  
Running-water, one pound.    
Boyl them a walm or two, and pour out that water, and when it is cold put to it, 

Syrup violarum, two ounces.  
Confect Alkermes, one scruple.    
Shake them well together, and give him a spoonful every three or four hours.   

Ulcers.  
When you first see an Ulcer, with an intention of undertaking the cure of it, you shall observe whether the Ulcer pierce through the joint, whether the ligaments be rotten, or the ends of the bones, and the like, whereby you shall plainly see tokens of incurability; if you perceive none of these then in the name of God go forward on this wise following:  
First, give him a potion to purge him made thus: 

℞ Pulu. Arthritici, one dram.  
Trochis. alhaud. four grains.  
Rad. Jalapi praep. one cruple.  
Syrup. ros. sol. two ounces.  
Vini albi, one ounce and half.   Shake them well together in a glass, and give it the Patiented a little warm, if he be strong, and his body be soul, else you must lessen the quantities of the powders; after he is well purged, you shall go forward with your dressing; and the first thing you shall use shall be basilicon mingled with precipitate and laid upon lint, and over it a diacalciteos plaster, this will bring it to digestion, and thicken the humour; when you perceive the Ulcer to be clean, than you may use diapompholigos and nutritum, or the red desiccative, either of which will both incarnate, stop the humour and cicatrize; but it will not be amiss in the mean time to lay a defensative above the Ulcer, round about the member made after this manner, 

℞ Boli armeni, half a pound,  
Aceti,  
Succi plantaginis, of each half a pound.  
Ol. rosarum, four ounces.  
Mytellorum, one ounce.  
Albanien ovi unius.   Mingle all together in a mortar to an Unguent, and lay it upon cap paper pretty thick, and apply it.  
Three or four days after you have purged your Patient, you shall give him a good sweat, which you may do with eight grains of Antimony diaphoretic made into a Pill with a little Mithridate.  
It will be convenient likewise to give him a diet-drink of China, sarsaparilla, polipodium, and the like, as you shall find in the compositions, but this you need not do, unless it be an old foul Ulcer in abody full of gross humours.  
When you find the Ulcer begin to incarnate, you may dress it three or four days with only dry lint, and then three or four days with unguent, and then to dry lint again, keeping still over it either a plaster of Red-lead, or diacalciteos.  
If the Ulcer have any cavities, it will be the surest way to lay them open by incision, and fasten a cupping-glass upon it to draw out the filthy humours that are gathered to the place.  
Never suffer an Ulcer to be round, for that will either hardly or never heal; and if you see the edges grow thick like lips, than you shall scarify them with a lancet, and let out the gross blood which hinders the healing.  
To correct proud and spongious flesh in Ulcers or Fistulaes', you have Trochisks of Red-lead.  
But to cleanse and hea● Ulcers, or Fistulaes' that are troublesome, I will give you one receipt of Feruelius, which you will find to be worthy the taking notice of and it is this, 

℞ Of the best sublimate, twelve grains,  
Plantain water, six ounces.   Boyl them in a well glazed vessel close covered, until half be wasted, and with this wash the Ulcer or Fistula, with a probe armed with line, as occasion shall offer.  
I will not much enlarge myself in directions concerning Wounds and Ulcers, because I have already in my Compositions shown you the virtue the quality of medicines fit for the purpose, and the Artist must endeavour to know the true way of application of them by his practice; only thus much I thought good to publish (out of mine own practice) for the benefit of the younger sort of Chirurgeons, and so I will proceed to Fractures and Dislocations which I shall touch very briefly.   

The Cure of fractures and dislocations.  
First let the Artist lay the patiented in a fitting posture, that he may conveniently extend the member, then let him appoint one man to take the end of the member in both his hands extending it by degrees, not on a sudden and by jumps: let him place another to hold the patiented that he move as little as may be; the Artist standing by the patient shall grasp the fractured part with both his hands, and as the other extends the member, he shall with his fingers reduce all the fractured bones to their places.  
But before he gins to reduce them, he must make ready such things as are needful, and necessary for the work, as first a plaster of Diapalma about six inches broad, or so big as will cover something more than the fracture, and long enough to compass the member; two  three double of the same length, three or four splints armed with Tow, a large cloth lo lay over them, and four or five lengths of broad Tape; and lastly a junck of straw to lay the member in, and bolsters of cloth and tow to put in the hollow places, that the member may lie level.  
When the Artist hath reduced all the fractured bones, then let him lay on the plaster, and two men holding the part steady, let him put on his two folded , one a little above the fracture, the other a little below, so that the edges of them may meet, then lay on the splints so near one another, as there may be the breadth of a splint betwixt every one: let them not be so long as to gall the next joints, then put under your Tapes and type on the splints gently, neither too hard for fear of gangrene, nor too slack because then the fractured bones may fall asunder; next you shall cover all with a large cloth, and then put it into a junck and bind it on fast putting bolsters into the hollow places, and then lay the member upon a pillow or cushion as straight and level as may be.  
Lay all the clothes on very smooth, without wrinkle or seam, and so broad as that the ends of the splints may rest upon them and not on the bare member, and so let the Patiented rest in his bed at least six days, unless there be pain, or any other cause whereby you are forced to open it; than you may open it to give it air, and so bind it up again as before until fourteen days, when you may renew your plaster.  
See that the Patient have every day a stool either by Nature or Art, and let him have a cord fastened to his bed to raise himself by to air his back and hips, lest they excoriate with too much lying.  
If the fracture be with a wound, you must so order your clouts and splints that you may dress the wound, and not unbind the member, use no unctuous medicine near the bone, but dress it, as I have showed you in the discourse of wounds.  
You may do well to give the Patiented a spoonful or two of the juice of the root of Salamons' seal in White-wine every morning fasting during the first six days.  
As for Dislocations, the manner of reducing them would be too tedious for my intended brevity, I will therefore set down some short instructions which will be necessary concerning the handling of a Dislocation after it is reduced.  
You shall therefore presently anoint the joint with oil of Camomile, Dill, Earthworms, or the like, and lay over it a plaster of Diacalcitheos', and so roll it up artificially, and let it have rest.  
Some use to lay upon a joint after it is reduced a Cataplasm of bolus, and the white of an egg, which is very good, as I have divers times experimented.  
For tumors arising in a Dislocation, whereby the reducing of the joint will be something troublesome, to assuage them you may make use of a Cataplasm made of oatmeal, and Linseeds boiled in beer, or water, with a little oil of Elders; but if the tumour be not above three days standing, then if you reduce the bone, the tumour will presently cease.  
Thus much shall suffice for this Discourse, wishing the Artist as he meets with Authors to his purpose, to collect notes of what he finds wanting here, for if I should set down all particulars, I should increase my book far beyond the bounds of a pocket book, for which I intended it, that it might be ready upon all occasions to re-in-force a weak memory.    

The operations of sundry Simples.  

Repercussives.  
FAir water.  
Verjuice.  
Aloome water.  
Acasia.  
The yellow in the midst of the Rose.  
Clay.  
Flowers of Pomegranates.  
Bole armony.  
Orpin.  
Berberries.  
Shephards-purse.  
Knotgrass.  
Coriander.  
Liverwort.  
morel.  
Nightshade.  
Houseleek.  
Sowthistle.   

Astringents.  
White-starch.  
Asarabane.  
Shephards-purse.  
Knotgrass.  
Wall-flowers.  
Dragons.  
Horse mint.  
Grommel.  
Mace.  
Mother of pearl.  
Maden hair.  
Manna.  
Cypresse-nuts.  
Dovesfoot.  
Cinque-foil.  
Raspeberries.  
Crainsbill.  
Sealed earth.  
Burnt-bones.  
Lindtree  
Cobwebs.  
Quinces.  
Camphire.  
Endive.  
Oade.  
Groundpine.  
Greatburre.  
Bastard-saffron.  
Rib-wort.  
Dog-bane.  
Heart's tongue.  
Mints.  
Yarrow.  
Mulberries.  
Goose-foot.  
Paper.  
Monk's rhubarb.  
Sanicle.  
Saxifrage.  
Salamons-seal.  
Meddlers.  
Tamarisk.  
Periwinkles.  
Dragons-bloud.   

Abstersives.  
Wormwood.  
Sothernwood.  
Celandine.  
Mulleine.  
Avens.  
Assa fetida.  
Garden smallage.  
Mouseare.  
Goatsbeard.  
Castoreum.  
Gentian.  
Devils-bitt.  
Docks.  
Bays.  
Balm.  
Barley.  
Radish.  
Rosemary.  
Agrymony.  
Roots of daffodils.  
Roots of bryony,  
Onions.  
Caraways.  
Euphorbium.  
Lie of ashes.  
Pitch.  
Madder.  
Cammock.  
Rye.  
Sene.  
Verjuice.  
Ginger.   

Mundificatives.  
Smallage.  
Beets.  
Cucumbers.  
Cubebs.  
Capers.  
Bettony.  
Wood of Cassia.  
Showbread.  
Coloquintida.  
Diagredium.  
St. John's wort.  
Lupins.  
Honey.  
Palma Christi.  
Tumarinds.  
Rosin.  
Agrimony.  
Fumatory.  
Beans.  
Hermodactils,  
Hyssop.  
Polipody.  
Turbith.  
Gith.  
Ground-pine.   

Aperitives.  
Vinegar.  
Mugwort.  
Almonds.  
Germander.  
Cubebs.  
Brookelime.  
Angelica.  
Smallage,  
Root of Asarabacce.  
Rue.  
Caraways.  
Showbread.  
Hyssop.  
Laurel.  
Horehound.  
Grommel.  
Watercresses.  
Parsnip.  
Parsely.  
Savin.   

Maturatives.  
Avens.  
Bearfoot.  
Hemp.  
Flax-seed.  
Pitch.  
Grease.  
Faenugreek.  
Licorice.  
Fats.  
Orage.  
Butter.  
New-figs.  
Devilsbit.  
Rapes.  
Briony.  
bugloss.  
Lilly-roots.  
Barley.  
Violets.   

Stupefactives.  
Mandrake.  
Garden-poppy.  
Houseleek.  
Oppium.  
Henbane.  
Lettuce.  
Nightshade.  
Fleabane.   

Consolidatives.  
Aloes.  
Borax.  
Balausties'.  
Cypress.  
Dragant,  
lethargy.  
Dross of Iron.  
Grains.  
Juniper.  
Mother-pearl.  
Burnt-lead.  
Cobwebs.  
Dragon's blood.  
Myrrh.  
Olibanum.  
Pimpenel.  
Asphaltum.  
Ceruse.  
Hors-tayl.  
Bloodstone.  
Acorns.  
Milk.  
Med'ers.  
Plantain.  
Bramble-bush.  
Frankinscence.  
Sugar.  
Wine.   

Conglutinatives.  
Silver, and the dross.  
Comfrey, both sorts.  
Ceruse.  
Mill-dust.  
Gum, Arabic.  
 barley.  
Spunge-stone.  
Sarcocall.  
Colophony.  
horsetail.  
Glue.  
Plaster.  
Primroses.  
Cypress nuts.   

Restrictives.  
Aloes.  
horsetail.  
Puffs.  
Gum of the pine.  
Sorrell.  
Copperas.  
Galls.  
Willow-bark.  
Dragon's blood.  
Sealed earth.  
Juice of Brier-bush.  
Green Nut shells.  
 paper.  
Sumach●  
Frankincense.  
 Lead.  
Oak bark.  
Cobwebs.   

Resolutives.  
Dill.  
Ox-eye,  
Germander.  
Ground Pine.  
Diagredium,  
Fearne.  
Bran.  
Hyssop.  
Sponge-stone.  
Lesser Comfrey.  
Dates.  
Orris.  
Labdanum.  
Pellitory of the wall.  
Bread.  
Water-Bettony.  
French Lavender.  
Agarick.  
Saffron.  
Venus' hair.  
Danewort.  
Fennell.  
Faenugreek.  
Mellilote. Elder.   

Attractives.  
Aristolochie.  
Garlic.  
Mouseare.  
Showbread.  
Beavercod.  
Dog's turd.  
Ammoniacum.  
Leaven.  
Mummy.  
Dove's dung.  
Stavisacre.  
Galbanum.  
Hare's suet.  
Pepper.  
Polipody.  
Mustard.  
Assa faetida.  
Calamint.  
Knotgrass.  
Leeks.  
Brimstone.  
pennyroyal.  
Wheat.   

Corrosives.  
Root of Daffodil.  
Vinegar.  
Onions.  
Gall of creatures.  
Mercury and his kinds.  
Ink.  
Garlic.  
Copperas.  
Flower of Brass  
Root of Hermodactils.  
Mustardseed.  
Salt niter.   

Adustives.  
Aristolochy.  
Anacardus.  
Cantarides.  
Coperas.  
Stavisacre.  
Garlic,  
Quicklime.  
Capital Lees. Pellitory   

Vlceratives.  
Onions.  
Garlic,  
Figs.  
Rue.  
Wild smallage.  
Cantharideses.  
Arsesmart.  
Nettles. Sea Onion.    

NExt because divers times such things as the Artist intends to use, are not at hand, therefore I shall show him briefly what things he may use instead of those he hath not, which are comprehended in the aforesaid Compositions.  
And first for Agarick use Coloquintida, in a lesser quantity, or seed of bastard Saffron double or triple the dose.  
For Anchusa in ointments, use red , or painters lack.  
For Sugar, Honey or Manna in Laxatives, but not in binder's.  
For Bdelliumuse Myrrh in Pills and unguents, but not in Pills of Bdellium, because it purgeth blood.  
For Wormwood, Roman or Pontic, you may use the Wormwood of the place you live in.  
As likewise for Parsley.  
For Rhapontick use Rhabarb.  
For Costus use bastard Pelitory.  
For Aristolochia, use one for the other.  
For Acorus use Calamus Aromat. in Purgers and movers of urine and months, but in Vomits use Elebor or broomseed.  
For Marsh-mallow roots, use Garden-Mallow roots.  
For bark of Caper roots, take Bark of Tamarisk root, Elder root, Danewortroot, Popular root, or Bays root.  
For gentian, take the half of Asarum and root of Capers.  
For Turbith take Agarick in trosses or Coloquintida in a lesser quantity.  
For Indian leaves, and malabathrum, take the leaves of Citron, Cinnamon, Mace, or Spike.  
For Laurel leaves, take the leaves of Citrons.  
For white Poppy, take the leaves of Nightshade or black Poppy in lesser quantity, or white Henbane.  
For Lettuce, use Garden endine, & contra.  
For wild Savory use Lions tooth.  
For Agrimony, use Asarabaccae, and half of Wormwood.  
For Fuller's Herb, take vomit nut and a third part of pepper.  
For ground Pine, use leaves of Agrimony.  
For Field-Mallowes, take them of the Garden.  
For Thlaspi, or wild Cresses, use water-Cresses.  
For Mints, use Balsamint.  
For Myrtel leaves, take the berries, or filberts half ripe.  
For wild Rue, use Garden Rue dry in great quantity, & contra.  
For Lavender spike, use the kinds of Garden Lavender.  
For Adianthus, use Polytrichum in the short cough, with the like quantity of Violets, and a little Licorice.  
For Turpentine-leaves, take Lentisk-leaves.  
For Elder-leaves, take Danewort-leaves, & contra.  
For Bettony, use Verven.  
For Balm, use Horehound, Citron peels, & contra.  
For Mountain smallage, use that of the Garden dry in greater quantity.  
For leaves of the Wild-fig-tree, take those of the Garden-fig, & contra.  
For Savoury, use Time, or Wild-time.  
For leaves of Coriander, use Garden-parsly, but in outward medicines use Wildcarrot-leaves, Parsnep-leaves, either wild or tame.  
For Housleek, use the little Navelwort, & contra.  
For Savine, take Cypress.  
For Dorycnium, take Mandrake, & contra.  
For Fir-leaves, take the leaves of Poplar.  
For leaves of Muncks' Rhubarb, take leaves of Docks.  
For Spurge, take Tythimal.  
For White-water-lillies, use the Yellow, & contra.  
For leaves of petty spurge, take Tythimal.  
For Female fearn, use the Male.  
For Smyrnium, use Smallage or Parsely.  
For Garden-nightshade, use Winter-cherry.  
For Acacia, use juice of Sloes.  
For opium, use juice of wild-lettice, or tame, but in a greater quantity.  
For Opobalsome, use liquid Styrax, or oil of Myrrh.  
For licorice, use the juice or decoction, or the juice of Raisins of the Sun.  
For juice of Citrons, take juice of Lemons.  
For Thymelaea take Chamaelaea.  
For Showbread, take Orris.  
For Aloe, take juice of Wormwood.  
For Rain-water, use rather Riverwater than Well-water.  
For Carpobalsome, use seed of Lentisk or Turpentine, or Cubebs in a lesser dose.  
For the liquour of the Cedar tree, use the oil of Juniper bows, or gum of Juniper.  
For Xylobalsome, use the tendrels of Lentisk.  
For Galbanum, use Sagapenum.  
For Sagapenum, use Oppoponax half the quantity.  
For Ammoniacum, use Beeglew.  
For Oppoponax, use Ammoniacum, Bdellium, or Galbanum.  
For Frankincense, use Mastich or Rosin of the pine dry.  
For liquid Pitch, use Pitch dissolved in oil.  
For Pissasphaltum, use Pitch and Bitumen.  
For Mummy, take Pissasphaltum.  
For Lacca, take Myrrh.  
For Bears-grease, take Fox-grease.  
For Goose-grease, take Ducks or Hens-grease.  
For Capons-grease, take Hens-greas.  
For Antimony, take burnt lead, & contra.  
For Lithargy, take burnt-lead.  
For lead, take Pewter.  
For spodium, take burnt Hearts horn.    

The manner how to make Reports.  
FOrasmuch as upon divers occasions, the Artist maybe called to deliver his opinion, either of the death of any person, or of the weakness and deprivation of any member in the function or execution of its proper office and duty, and to give his testimony and report to a Magistrate or Coroners Enquest which may be a matter of great concernment, I have for the benefit of young Artists, and the good of the Commonwealth taken out of Ambrose Paraus these following rules, to which I have added what I have found by mine own practice.  
I shall therefore wish the Artist to observe that exhortation which he gives, that is, That he have an honest mind, and a careful regard of true piety, the fear of God, and love to his neighbour before his eyes, that he be not carried away with favour or affection, nor corrupted with money or rewards, but to declare the truth wholly and without partiality.  
Let the Artist be careful in the searching of such wounds as are brought to him, that he be not deceived in making his probation, but let the Patient be placed in the same posture he was in when he received the hurt, otherwise a wound may seem by the probe to be small, when indeed it is mortal. If therefore he be doubtful, then let him suspend his judgement from the first day to the ninth, by which time the accidents and symptoms will manifest the condition of the wound.  
The general signs whereby we judge of diseases are four; for they are drawn either from the nature and essence of the disease, or from the cause or effects thereof, or else from the similitude, proportion and comparison of those diseases, with the season, or present constitution of the times; Therefore if we are called to the cure of a green wound, whose nature and danger is no other but a simple solution of continuity in the musculous flesh, we may presently pronounce that wound to be of no danger, and that it will soon be cured. But if it have an Ulcer annexed to it, that is if it be sanious, than we may say it will be more difficult and long in curing, and so we may pronounce of all diseases taking a sign of their essence and nature. But of the signs that are taken of the causes, let this be an example: A wound that is made with a sharp pointed and heavy weapon, as with an Halberd, being stricken with great violence, must be accounted great, and also mortal, if the accidents be correspondent.  
But if the Patiented fall to the ground through the violence of the stroke; if a choleric vomiting follow thereon, if his sight fail him, together with a giddiness, if blood come forth at his eyes and nostrils, if distraction follow with loss of memory and sense of feeling, we may say, That all the hope of life remaineth in one small sign, which is to be deduced from the effects of the wound. But by the comparing it unto the season that then is, and diseases that assault man's body, we may say. That all those that are wounded with Gunshot are in danger of death, as it happened in the Castle and Town of Wallingford in Berk●, a Garrison of the late King, which being infected with the Plague by those that fled from Abingdon which was fore visited, the air became so disturbed, that very few wounds made by Gunshot, but proved mortal.  
If the Patient fall down with the stroke, if he lie senseless, as it were asleep if he void his excrements unwittingly, if he be taken with a giddiness, if blood come out of his ears, mouth and nose, and if he vomit choler, you may understand that the scull is fractured, or pierced through by the defect in his understanding or discourse. You may also know when the scull is fractured, by the judgement of your external senses, as if by feeling it with your finger you find it elevated or depressed beyond the natural limits, if by striking it with the end of a probe, when the pericranium or nervous film that investeth the scull is cut crosse-wise, and so divided there from it, yield a base and unperfect sound like unto a potsherd that is broken, or like an earthen pitcher that hath a crack, or by a thread holden betwixt the teeth, and the other end in your fingers, and strike upon it as upon a Fiddlestring.  
But we may say that death is at hand if his reason and understanding fail, if he be speechless, if his sight forsake him, if he would tumble headlong out of his bed, being not at all able to move the other parts of his body, if he have a continual fever, if his tongue be black with dryness, if the edges of the wound be black or dry, and cast forth no sanious matter, if they resemble the colour of salted flesh, if he have an Apoplexy, Frenzy, Convulsion or Palsy, with an involuntary excretion, or absolute suppression of the urine and excrements.  
You may know that a man hath his throat, that is, his weasand and windpipe cut; first by the sight of his wound, and next by the abolishment of the function or office thereof both ways, for the Patient can neither speak nor swallow any meat or drink, and the parts that are cut asunder, divide themselves by retraction upwards or downwards one from another, whereof cometh sudden or present death.  
You may know that a wound hath pierced into the breast or concavity of the body, if the air come forth at the wound making a certain whizzing noise; if the Patiented breath with great difficulty, if he feel a great heaviness or weight, on, or about the midriff, whereby it may be gatherered that a great quantity of blood lieth on the place or midriff, and so causeth him to f●el a weight or heaviness which by little and little will be cast up by vomiting. But a little after a Fever cometh, and the breath is unsavoury and stinking, by reason that the putrifying blood is turned into sanies, the Patient cannot lie but on his back, and he hath an often desire to vomit, but if he escape death his wound will degenerate into a Fistula, and at length will consume him by little and little.  
We may know that the lungs are wounded by foaming and spumous blood coming out both at the wound, and cast up by vomiting, he is vexed with a shortness of breath, and a pain in his sides.  
We may perceive the heart to be wounded by the abundance of blood that cometh out at the wound, by the trembling of all the whole body by the faint and small pulse, paleness of the face, cold sweat, with often swooning, coldness of the extreme parts, and sudden death.  
When the Midriff (which the Latins call Diaphragma is wounded, the Patient feeleth a great weight in that place, he raveth and talketh idly, he is troubled with shortness of wind, a cough and fit of grievous pain, and drawing of the entrails upwards. Wherefore when all these accidents appear, we may certainly pronounce that death is at hand.  
Death appeareth suddenly by a wound of the hollow vein, or the great Artery, by reason of the great and violent evacuation of blood and spirits, whereby the functions of the heart and lungs are stopped and hindered.  
The marrow of the backbone being pierced, the Patient is assaulted with a Palsy, or Convulsion very suddenly, and sense and motion faileth in the parts beneath it, the excrements are either evacuated against the Patients will or altogether stopped, the intestines putrify and rot, and death suddenly follows.  
When the Liver is wounded, much blood cometh out at the wound, and pricking pain disperseth itself even unto the sword like gristle, which hath its situation at the lower end of the breast bone called Sternon, the blood that falleth from thence down into the intestines, doth oftentimes infer most malign accidents, yea and most commonly death.  
When the stomach is wounded, the meat and drink come out at the wound, there followeth a vomiting of pure choler, then cometh sweeting and coldness of the extreme parts, and therefore we ought to prognosticate death to follow.  
When the Milt or Spleen is wounded, black and gross blood cometh out at the wound, the patient will be very thirsty, with pain on the left side, and the blood breaks forth into the belly, and there putrifying causeth most malign and grievous accidents, and oftentimes death to follow.  
When the guts are wounded, the whole body is gripped and pained, the excrements come out at the wound, whereat also oftentimes the guts break forth with great violence.  
When the reins or kidneys are wounded, the patient will have great pain in making his urine, and the blood cometh out together therewith, the pain commmeth down even unto the groin, yard, and lesticles.  
When the bladder and Ureters are wounded, the pain goeth even unto the entrails, the parts all about, and belonging to the groin are distended, the urine is bloody that is made, and the same also oftentimes cometh out at the wound.  
When the womb is wounded, the blood cometh out at the privities, and all other accidents appear, like as when the bladder is wounded.  
When the sinews are pricked or cut half asunder, there is great pain in the affected place, and there followeth a sudden inflammation, flux, abscess, Fever, Convulsion, and oftentimes a gangrene, or mortification of the part, whereof cometh death unless it be speedily prevented.  
If a Nurse through drowsiness or negligence, lies upon her infant being in bed with her, and so stifles or smothers it to death, which we call overlaying; if the judgement and opinion of the artist be required, whether it died by default of the Nurse, or by some violent disease lurking in the body, these rules following shall show the truth of the matter.  
If the infant were in good health before, if he were not froward nor crying, if his mouth and nostrils now being dead, be moistened or bedewed with a certain foam or froth, if his face be not pale, but of a violet or purple colour, if when the body is opened, the lungs be found swollen and puffed up, as it were with a certain vaporous foam, and all the other entrails sound; it is a token that the infant was stifled, smothered, or strangled by some outward violence,  
If the body or dead corpse of a man be found lying in the field, or house alone, and it be questioned whether he were slain by lightning or some other violent death, these signs following will show the certainty thereof.  
For every body that is blasted, or stricken with lightning, doth cast forth or breathe out an unwholesome stinking, or sulphureous smell, so that the Birds, or Fowls of the air, nor dogs will not once touch it, much less prey or feed on it; the part that was stricken oftentimes sound, and without any wound but if you search it well, you shall find the bones under the skin to be bruised, broken, or shivered in pieces.  
But if the lightning hath pierced into the body which making a wound therein (according to the judgement of PLINY) the wounded part is far colder than all the rest of the body. For lightning driveth the most thin and fiery air before it, and striketh it into the body with great violence, by the force whereof the heat that was in the part is soon dispersed, wasted and consumed, Lightning doth always leave some impression, sign of some fire, either by ustion or blackness; for no lightning is without fire.  
Moreover whereas all other living creatures, when they are stricken with lightning fall on the contrary side, only man falleth on the affected side, if he be not turned with violence toward the coast or region from whence the lightning came.  
If a man be stricken with lightning while he is asleep, he will be found with eyes open: contrariwise, if he be stricken while he is awake, his eyes will be closed (as PLINNY writes)  
Also it may be inquired in judgement, whether any that is dead and wounded, received these wounds alive or dead, Truly the wounds that are made on a living man if he die of them, after his death will appear red and bloody, with the sides or edges swollen or pale round about: contrariwise, those that are made in a dead man, will be neither red, bloody, swollne, nor puffed up; for all the faculties and functions of life in the body do cease and fall together by death; so that thenceforth no spirits nor blood can be sent, or flow unto the wounded place. Therefore by these signs which shall appear, it may be declared that he was wounded dead or alive.  
The like question may come in judgement when a man is found hanged, whether he were hanged dead, or alive. Therefore if he were hanged alive, the impression or print of the rope will appear red, pale, or black, and the skin round about it will be contracted or wrinkled, by reason of the compression which the cord hath made; also oftentimes the head of the Aspera arteria is rend and torn, and the second spondile, and the neck luxated or moved out of his place: also the legs and arms will be pale, by reason of the violent and sudden suffocation of the spirits: moreover, there willbe a foam about his mouth, and a foamy and filthy matter hanging out at his nostrils, being sent thither, both by reason that the Lungs are suddenly heated and suffocated, as also by the convulsive concussion of the brain, like as it were in the falling sickness. Contrariwise, if he be hanged dead, none of these signs appear; for neither the print of the rope appears red or pale, but of the same colour as the other parts of the body are, because in dead men the blood and spirits do not slew to the grieved parts.  
Whosoever is found dead in the waters, you shall know whether they wore thrown into the water alive or dead, by these following signs. All the belly of him that was thrown in alive, will be swollen and puffed up by reason of the water that is contained therein; certain clammy excrements come out at his mouth and nostrils, the ends of his fingers will be worn and excoriated, because that he died striving and scraping in the bottom of the River se●king some what whereon he might take hold to save himself from drowning. Contrariwise, if he be thrown into the waters being dead before, his belly will not be swollen, because that in a dead man all the passages and conduits of the body, do fall together, and are stopped and closed, and for that a dead man breathes not, there appeareth no foam nor filthy matter about his mouth and nose and much less can the skin of the tops of his fingers be rubbed off, for man is already dead, he cannot strive against death.  
But as concerning the bodies of those that are drowned, those that swim on the upper part of the water being swollen or puffed up, they are not so by reason of the water that is contained in the belly, but by reason of a certain vapour, into which a great portion of the humours of the body are converted by the efficacy of the putrifying heat: Therefore this swelling appeareth not in all men which do perish, or else are cast out into the waters, but in them which are corrupted with the filthiness or muddiness of the water long time after they were drowned, and are cast on the shore.  
Many are stifled and suffocated by burning Charcoals in a close room, and sometimes recovered, if taken in time, else quite smothered. These you shall perceive their faces wan and pale, no pulse beating, all the extreme parts cold, speech and motion cease, so that there is little hopes of recovering, only as thus, put your hand to the region of the heart, and if you find any heat and pulsation, than there is life remaining, else not, therefore if your judgement be required concerning any persons found dead in any close room, you shall inquire whether there were any Charcoals burned there, or observe whether the walls or flours be new whitelimed, and the cause of their deaths will appear.  
You shall know that a person is poisoned, when as he complains of a great heaviness of his whole body so that he is weary of himself; when as some horrid and loathsome taste sweats out from the orifice of the stomach to the mouth and tongue, wholly different from that taste that meat, howsoever corrupted, can send up; when as the colour of the face changeth suddenly, sometimes to black, sometimes to yellow, or any other colour, much differing from the common custom of man; when nauseousness, with frequent vomiting, troubleth the Patient, and that he is molested with so great unquietness, that all things may seem to be turned upside down, when the Patient 'swounds often, and with cold sweats.  
Those poisons which exceed in heat, cause a burning in the tongue, mouth, throat, stomach, guts, and all the inner parts, with great thirsts, unquietness and perpetual sweats but if to their excess of heat, they be accompanied with a corroding and putrifying quality, as Arsenic, Sublimate, Roseager, or Ratsbane, Verdigrease, Orpiment and the like, they then cause in the stomach and guts intolerable pricking pains, rumblings in the belly, and continual and intolerable thirst. These are succeeded by vomitings, with sweats sometimes hot, sometimes cold, with swoundings whence sudden death ensues.  
Poisons that kill by too great coldness, induce a dull and heavy sleep, or drowsiness, from which you cannot easily rouse or waken them; some imes they so trouble the brain, that the Patients perform many undecent gestures, and antic tricks, with their mouths and eyes, arms and legs, like as such as are frantic; they are troubled with cold sweats, their faces become blackish or yellowish, always ghastly, all their bodies are benumbed, and they die in a short time, unless they be helped; poisons of this kind, are Hemlock, Poppy, Nightshade, Henbane, Mandrake, etc.  
Dry poisons are usually accompanied by heat with moisture, for although sulphur be hot, and dry, yet hath it moisture to hold the parts together, as all things which have a consistence have, yet are they called dry, by reason that dryness is predominant in them; such things make the tongue and throat dry and rough with unquenchable thirst, the belly is so bound, that so much as the urine cannot have free passage forth; all the members grow squalid by dryness, the Patients cannot sleep; poisons of this kind are lethargy, Ceruse, Lime, Scales of brass, Filings of lead, prepared Antimony, etc.  
Poisons that are moist induce a perpertual sleep, a flux or scouring, the resolution of all the nerves and joints, so that not so much as their eyes may be faithfully contained in their orbs, but will hang as ready to fall out, the extreme parts, as the hands, feet nose, ears corrupt and putrify, and at which time they are also troubled with thirst by reason of their strong heat, always the companion of putrefaction, and ofttimes the author thereof: now when this cometh to pass death is at hand; of this kind are the bitings of Serpents, the venenate and putrifying humidity of the air, the Lues venereae and the like.  
Being to make report of a child killed with the mother, have a care that you make a discreet report whether the child were perfect in all the parts and members thereof; that the Judge may equally punish the author thereof, for he meriteth far greater punishment, who hath killed a child perfectly shaped, and made in all the members, that is, he which hath killed a live chide, than he which hath destroyed an Embryon, that is, a certain concretion of the spermatick body; for Moses punisheth the former with death, as that he should give life for life, but the other with a pecuniary mulct.  
I. A. B. Chirurgeon of London, being called this tenth of August instant, to visit T. W. I found him in his bed, wounded on his head with a wound on the left temple, piercing the bone with a fracture, and depression of the bone into the meanings and substance of the brain, by means whereof, his pulse was weak, he was troubled with raving, convulsion, cold sweat, and his appetite was dejected, whereby may be gathered that certain and speedy death is at hand. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.  
I. A. B. Chirurgeon of London, entering the house of J. R. this twentieth of March, found him hurt with three wounds, one on the hinder part of his head cross the future Lambdoides, the other overthwart his right hand, cutting the veins, arteries, and nerves, the third in the leg, from the juncture down by the minor facile to the breadth of four fingers; all the danger I can report is, That he will be lame of his hand though never so diligently dressed and healed. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.   

A direction to know by the daily judgement of the Moon, the danger of falling sick upon any of those days.  

1. HE that happeneth to fall sick on this day of the Moon, if his sickness be fierce or tedious, shall quickly die.  
2. He shallbe cured, though sore sick.  
3. With good care and physic he may be cured.  
4. He shall soon be restored to health.  
5. He shallbe restored after 10. day's sickness.  
6. He shall not be in danger.  
7. He will hardly live above 3 months.  
8. His sickness and languishing will continue a long time.  
9 After 9 days he shall have health.  
10. After 10 days he shall amend.  
11. He shall at last recover, though he be long sick.  
12. After 12 day's sickness he shall recover.  
13. He shallbe vexed with a long and tedious sickness.  
14. No doubt of his recovery.  
15. No fear but easily to escape death.  
16. Keep him from open air, and he shallbe in the less danger.  
17 No Physic will do him any good.  
18, 19 20. Good days.  
21. Mortal and incurable.  
22. After three months he shall escape.  
23. In few days he shall die.  
24. He shall remain sick a long time.  
25, 26, 27, 28 29 All good days.  
30. The sick shall hardly escape, though he use many good medicines.   Invideunt alij non imitentur idem. 
Soli Deo Gloria.  
Finis Libri.   

A Table of the Contents of several things contained in this Book.  

A  
APostumes. pag. 11  
Aloe Rosat. pag. 121  
Aloe. ibid.  
Anniseeds. pag. 125  
Alum. pag. 131  
Album Graecum. pag. 132  
Artery or Vein hurt. pag. 163  
Astringent Powder. pag. 166  
Astringents. pag. 170  
Abstersives. ibid.  
Aperitives. pag. 181  
Attractives. pag. 184  
Adustives. pag. 185   

B  
BAsilicon. pag. 11  
Burn and scaldings. pag. 13. 12  
Balsam of Lukatully. pag. 14  
Bladdering of the skin. pag. 16  
Basilicon magnum. pag. 34  
Benedicta Laxativa. pag. 119  
Bole-armony. pag. 131  
Burnt Coperas. pag. 135  
Bean meal. ibid.  
Barley meal. pag. 136  
Blood Porringers. pag. 153  
Brain wounded. pag 163  
Breast wounded. ibid.  
Bladder hurt. pag. 165   

C  
Conserveses to be in readiness. pag. 4  
Corrosives. pag. 9  
Camphoratum album. pag. 37  
Conserve of red Roses. pag. 89  
Conserve of Rosemary Flowers. ibid.  
Conserve of Borage Flowers pag. 90  
Conserve of Berberries. ibid.  
Conserve of Quinces. ibid.  
Conserve of Wood Sorrell. pag. 91  
Conserve of Sloes. ibid.  
Confection of Alkerns. pag. 97  
Confection Hamech. pag. 118  
China. pag. 123  
Carraway seeds. pag. 126  
Cummin seeds. ibid.  
Canthaides. pag. 131  
Crow-hills, Catch bullets, and Terebellum. pag. 137  
Cauterizing irons. pag. 144  
Ca●h●●●r pag. 149  
●●●…ng-grasses. pag. 152  
〈◊〉 of Fractures and dislocations. pag 175  
Consolidatives. pag. 182  
Conglutinatives. pag. 183  
Corrosives. pag. 185   

D  
DIrector. pag. 10  
Diapompholigos. pag. 15  
Desiccativum rubrum. pag. 16  
Diacalciteos. pag. 22  
Diachilon parvum. pag. 26  
Diachilon magnum. pag. 27  
Diamoron. pag. 87  
Diaphaenicon. pag. 101  
Diacatholicon. pag. 102  
Dioscordium. pag. 103  
Dragon's blood. pag. 131  
Dismembering knife. pag. 138  
Diet pot. pag. 155  
A Direction to know by the daily judgement of the Moon, the danger of falling sick upon any of those days. pag. 207   

E  
Emplasters. pag. 3  
Electuaries to have in readiness, pag. 5  
Erisepela, the cure. pag. 16  
Excoriations. ibid.  
Emplaster of Bettony. pag. 23  
Emplaster Griseum. ibid.  
Emplaster melilot. pag. 24  
Emplaistrum Ceroneum. pag. 31  
Emplaistrum Diasulphuris. pag. 33  
Emplaistrum Necotianis. pag. 34  
Emplaistrum Sir PHILIP PARISH. pag. 35  
Emplaistrum Oxicrocium pag. 44  
Emplaistrum de Minio. pag. 45  
Electuary of the Egg. pag. 98  
Euphorbium. pag. 123   

F  
FOrceps. pag. 10  
phlegm, the use. pag. 11  
Fistula's. pag. 14. 13  
Flesh spongeous abated. ibid.  
French Barley. pag. 125  
Fennell seeds. ibid.  
Fenugreek. pag. 126  
Forceps for teeth. pag. 145  
Forehead vein. pag. 161   

G  
GUiacum. pag. 124  
Guts wounded. pag. 164   

H  
HOney. pag. 9  
Humours stopped. pag. 16  
Honey of Roses. pag. 88  
Hearts horn rasped. pag. 122  
Harts Suet. pag. 130  
Hogs Suet. ibid.  
Honey. pag. 135  
Headsaw. pag. 142  
Head-veine. pag. 161  
Hamme-veine pag. 161  
Heart wounded. pag. 163   

I  
INstruments. p. 1. 2.  
Incision knife. p. 7  
Itching. p. 16  
Joleb. p. 121  
Incision shears. p. 137   

K  
Kidneys wounded p. 164   

L  
LAxatives to be in readiness. p. 5  
Levatory the use. p. 9  
Lineament of Arcaeus. p. 12  
Lotion the common. p. 79  
Lie strong. p. 80  
Lungs hurt. p. 163  
Laudanum Paracelsi. p. 104  
Licorice. p. 124  
Juice of Licorice. ibid.  
Powder of Licorice. p. 125  
Linseed. p. 126  
Lapis medicamentosus. p. 133  
Of the Lancet. p. 156  
Liver vein p. 160  
Liver hurt. p. 164   

M  
MEl saponis. p. 40  
Mithridate. p. 99  
Myrrh. p. 128  
Mastic. ibid.  
Mill dust. p. 136  
Middle vein. p. 160  
Midriff wounded. p. 164  
Mundificatives. p. 180  
Maturatives. p. 181   

N  
Needle's the use. p. 9  
Noli me tangere. p. 15  
Nutritum Unguent. p. 16  
Nutmegs. p. 127  
Nerves hurt. p. 164   

O  
Oils. p. 3  
Opiates to be in readiness. p. 5  
Golden Ointment. p. 13  
Oil of Roses. p. 47  
Oil of Dill. p. 48  
Oil of Camomile. ibid.  
Oil of Worms. p. 49  
Oil of Lilies. ibid.  
Oil of Rue. p. 50  
Oil of Pepper. ibid.  
Oil of Fox. p. 51  
Oil of Castoreum. p. 52  
Oil of Euphorbium. p. 53  
Oil of Amber. p. 54  
Oil of Nutmegs. p. 56  
Oil of Costus. p. 57  
Oil of Wax. ibid.  
Oil of St. John's Wort. p. 58  
Oil of Elders. p. 59  
Oil of Linseed. p. 60  
Oil of Eggs. ibid.  
Oil of Whelps. p. 61  
Oil of Bays. p. 62  
Oil of sweet Almonds. ibid.  
Oil of bitter Almonds. p. 63  
Oil of Vitriol. ibid.  
Oil of Sulphur. p. 66  
Oil of Brickbats or Tilestones. p. 67  
Oil of Turpentine. p. 68  
Oil of Spike. ibid.  
Oil of Antimony. p. 69  
Oil of myrtles. ibid.  
Oil of Origanum. p. 70  
Oximel simples. p. 87  
The Operations of sundry Simples. p. 178   

P  
PLaister box. p. 1  
Pills to be in readiness. p. 5  
Probes small the use. p. 8  
Pain in Apostumes mitigated. p. 11. 12  
Philonium Romanum. p. 112  
Philonium Persicum. p. 113  
Pillulae aureae. p. 114  
Pillulae Cochiae. p. 115  
Pills sine quibus. ibid.  
Pills of Ruffus. p. 116  
Pills Euphorbium. p. 117  
Pulvis arthrecticus. ibid.  
Polipody of the Oak. p. 122  
Pitch. p. 128  
Precipitate. p. 133  
Peri●anium hurt. p. 163   

Q  
Stitching Quill the use. p. 9  
Quicksilver. p. 133   

R  
Rhubarb. p. 122  
Rosin. p. 129  
Rep●cussives. p. 178  
Restrictives. p. 183  
Resolutives. ibid.  
The manner how to make Reports before a Judge of Assize, of any one that hath come to an untimely end. p. 191   

S  
SAlvatory. p. 2  
Syrups to be in readiness. p. 4  
Simples to be in readiness. p. 5  
Sizzers. p. 7  
Spatula the use. p. 8. 10  
Stone in the Kidneys. p. 14  
scabbiness. p. 16  
Shingles. ibid.  
Spleen vein. ibid.  
Spirit of Wine. p. 82  
Syrup of Wormwood. p. 84  
Syrup of Lemons. ibid.  
Syrup of Poppies p. 85  
Syrup of Roses solutine ibid.  
Syrup of Violets. p. 86  
Syrup of Sloes. p. 88  
Saffron. p. 123  
Sallaparilla. ibid.  
Sugar. p. 127  
Sperma-ceti. p. 130  
Scrue-probe. p. 138  
Of the dismembering Saw. p. 143  
Of the Speculum oris. ibid.  
Speculum ani. p. 144  
Of large Spatulaes'. p. 145  
Of the small Syringe. ibid.  
Of the clyster Syringe. p. 147  
Of the Spatula Mundana. p. 154  
Saphaena vein. p. 161  
Spleen wounded. p. 164  
Stomach wounded. ibid.  
Spinall marrow hurt. p. 165  
Stupefactives. p. 182   

T  
treacle of London. p. 91  
treacle Andromache. p. 93  
treacle Diatesseron. p. 96  
Turpentine. p. 129  
Trochisks of red lead. p. 132  
Of the Trafine. p. 138.  
Tongue vein. p. 161   

V  
UNguents. p. 3  
Uuula spoon the use. p. 8  
Ulcers in the reins. p. 11  
Ulcers. p. 13. 14  
Ulcers cleansed. ibid.  
Ulcers in the retnes. ibid.  
Ulcers painful. p. 15  
Ulcers in the yard. ibid.  
Ulcers in the legs. ibid.  
Ulcers cicatriced. p. 16  
Uuguent Dialthaea. p. 39  
Unguent Populeon. p. 38  
Unguent AEgyptiacum. p. 37  
Unguentum Arregon. p. 41  
Unguentum Martiatum. p. 42  
Unguentum Agrippae. p. 45  
Unguentum Tutiae. p. 46  
Unguentum Splenicum. ibid.  
Vinegar of Wine. p. 81  
Vinegar of Roses. p. 82  
Ulceratives. p. 185   

W  
Waters to be in readiness. p. 4  
Wounds in the head. p. 11  
Wounds incarned. p. 13. 14  
Water of Mint. p. 70  
Water of Sassafras. p. 71  
Water of Carduus benedictus. p. 72  
Water of treacle. ibid.  
Water of Damask Roses. p. 73  
Water of Red Roses. ibid.  
Water of White Roses. ibid.  
Water of Plantain. ibid.  
Water of Balm. p. 74  
Water of Angelica. ibid.  
Water of Wormwood. p. 75  
Water of Anniseeds, ibid.  
Water of Cinnamon. ibid.  
Aqua Caelestis. p. 76  
Water of Doctor STEVENS. p. 78  
White starch. p. 127  
Wax yellow and white. p. 129  
White Copperas. p. 132  
Wheat flower. p. 136  
Wheat bran. ibid.  
Weights and Scales. p. 155  
Wounds dressed. p. 165    

Reader, before thou perusest this Treatise, correct these Erratas.  
PAge 2. line 4. read lineament. line 9 Terebellum. l. 10. deal comma. p. 3. 14. martiatum. 21. add Colon, ad chim. p. 4. l. 22 solutine. p. 5. 16 Joleb. l. 20. rasped. p. 8. 13. lint. p. 11. 2. quinzes. p. 13. 2. Terebint. p. 15. 4. Terebinthinae, delendo comma. l. 22. solani. p. 16. 4. Erisepela's.   

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