A TOUR IN France & Italy, Made by an English Gentleman, 1675.  
LONDON, Printed for the Author, 167●.   

ERRATA.  
Page. Line. Errors. Corrections. 17. 3. Appear, Appearing. 18. 5. Hand, End. 20. 2. Tower, Town. 35. 16. Duae, Dux. 47. 5. Calacumes, Catacumes. 63. 8. Capital, Capitol. 68 25. Vnitage, Vintage. 72. 19 Carso, Corso. 79. 6. Monta, Monte. Ibid. 8. Fontana, Fontane. 80. 9 Capital, Capitol. biId. 13. Corile, Cortile. 82. 16. Of the some Pillars, etc. Of the Emperor Nerva, some Pillars, etc. 83. 25. Are seven, etc. The set Sale are 7. 84. 21. di Bave, di 'Bove. Ibid. 26. Auma, Numa. 85. 16. The Colonna is, The Colonna Triana is. 86. 25. Guglio, Guglia Vaticana, etc. Ibid. Ult. a paret loco, a patre looo. 87. 28. Teaching, touching spiritual matters, etc. 99 28 & 29. Are Denominicon 1020 are 1020. put into 16. Troops, etc. Ibid. 30. The Foot of the same, 25078. The Foot of the same denomination, 25078. 111. In the Margin. Pope obliged. Pope obeyed. 114. 5. Publicly, Politicly.   

A TOUR IN France & Italy.  

DIEPPE, a Town, but indifferently Fortified, 
Dieppe.  the Walls old, has an ancient Fort that commands the Port, and a Castle of the same Date, that does the like to the Land: The Harbour pretty safe, but very small: The little Trade they have, is Fish, yet most of it comes from Rye, Hastings, etc. Is worse built than Calais; has several Monasteries, and a Preschè (as they call it) or Huguenots Church, which has a very great Congregation.   

ROVEN, A large Timber-built Town, not much unlike 
●●u●n.  London within the Walls, before the Fire; The Situation within Hills, that hang over it on every side; has a good Wall on three parts of it, and the River Seine on the other, which there is pretty large, the Tide rising in it to a considerable height, so that great Vessels come up to the Quay, which is the most beautiful Street it has, being broad, and just the length of the Town: The River formerly had a Stone Bridge, and some of the Arches are still remaining, but its rapidity and the great shoals of Ice destroyed it: At present, it has a Bridge of 19 large Boats, which is the most extraordinary thing in France, and a Duty on Merchandise maintains it: Beyond the River is a place set with some Trees, where the Ladies in the Evenings make their Tour: It has a Parliament, is an Arch-Bishops Seat, has 70. Churches and Monasteries, and 32. Parishes; Their best Ghurch was built by the English, and their finest Monastery is now of English Women: It is esteemed to have in it 600000. Souls; by which crowd of Sluttish People, ill Situation, and narrow Streets, it is most abominable filthy: It has an ill favoured Bourse, hung with ugly Pictures of their French Kings; a small Trade for all sorts of Merchandise, but the most considerable Commodity is English Lead: The Country thither, indifferent Fertile and Pleasant, most of it Corn, with some scattered Woods, Copses, and Apple Trees set in order on every side the Road, which serves in lieu of Vines.   

PARISH, Is a great City, yet not above half as big 
Paris.  as London; the Building high, most of Stone, the Streets narrow, the Windows, Doors, and Shops, not very good; the Paving inconvenient for Horses at all times, and men in moist weather; being of large slippery stones of near a foot broad; has abundance of Palaces which have no back Yards, nor stately Entrance; their Coaches stand in the Court, and their Stables under their Lodgings; their Rooms of State, all with the deformity of great unproportioned Timber appearing on the Ceiling, nor excused by gilding, and the Churches neither beautiful nor neat: The River Seine runs through part of it, but is there so shallow, that it serves for nothing in the Summer but to wash their , which they do upon long flat Boats: The Situation is upon a level, excepting a little assent at the East-end; the Air so good, that it was never known to have the Plague, though there be ill Scents enough to make it continually suspected: The principal Traffic of this City, is, their Language, Dancing, Fencing and Riding-Masters, Babies, Toys, etc. with which they supply all Europe, yet have enough left for their own use.   

LOWRE, Has only one end, and one side of 
Lowre.  it finished; and when the rest shall be added, will be one of the most extraordinary Palaces in the World, both as to its Greatness and Figure, not any in Italy resembling it in either: Behind it is the great Garden of the Tuilleries, which is near half as long as St. James' Park: Is prettily planted with Firr-Trees, Cypress, etc. and would be very fine, were they grown up, and that it had Gravelwalks. Beyond this, is the Cour de la Rein, a place by the Riverside, set with Trees about a Mile long, like the great Walk in St. James' Park; wherein the Coaches take the Air in the Evening, and with some jostling, pass and turn, there being in the middle, and at the end, round places for that purpose. The end of the Lowre has this Prospect, wherein is the Kings own Apartment, which contains these Rooms; Guard-Chamber, Ante-Chamber, Dressing-Room, Bedchamber, a Closet for Private Council, another for Devotions, a large Chamber for his Toys or Bijous, a Room built Gallery-wise to give Audience to Ambassadors, a grand sal for Ballets, and a Chamber for Comedies, with Theatre and Benches: Upon the same Floor is the Queen's Apartment, which in every respect is as rich and large; but has one Room more, which is a Bedchamber distinct, for them to lie together; Under these (the Ground-Chambers) is the Dauphins, which are the same with those above: In these Lodgings there is much Gild and Painting, Cabinets of Ebbony, inlaid with Brass-Work, some Statues, etc. In one of the lower Rooms, is all the Models of the Towns in Holland and Flanders, with their exact Fortifications, Rivers, etc. In another, are ten thousand Poppits, representing so many French Soldiers for the Dauphin to exercise, being made to turn and charge at Pleasure: To this, which makes one side of the Lowre, is a Gallery about 800. yards long, and 10 broad, seeming to have been designed for a Sumptuous Rope-House, and as such the Architecture Merits praise; under it are the King's Stables, conveniently placed for the River.   

GARDEMEUBLE, In the Old Lowre, is the 
Gardemeuble.  great Wardrobe kept, wherein are several Rich Beds, Canopies, etc. his extraordinary Chair of State, the glorious Rigging of his great Ship, Damask Sails embroidered with Gold, and Cordage suitable, Hang for the exceeding long Gallery, many great pieces of white Plate, two large Cisterns used for Baptising of the Dauphin, 24. mighty Dishes or Basins for Cupboards, 24. for Orenge-Trees, as many for Perfuming, two Candlesticks of prodigious height and weight; several Stands near as big; 24. great frames for fruit and Banquets; a great Table with Figures embossed upon it of the Chariot of the Sun, etc. Some great Ewres, with other Plate of less weight and show, but none of Gold: Next to this is a little Armoury, where the most remarkable suit of Arms is that, was given the King by the Venetians, very finely engraved with the Figures and Prospects of the Conquered Towns in Flanders, etc. Is exceeding light, yet Musket proof, as appears by the dint in it; there is besides several strange Weapons, Armour of China, etc.   

ARCH TRYUMPHAL, Of Wood, and painted; 
Arch Tryumphal.  but the exact Model of what is intended to be in Marble; in beauty exceeding any of the Ancient Romans, erected by this present great Emperor of France, in honour of himself; upon which is to stand his famous Statue by Bernino's hand.   

GOBLINS, A House built for the King's Artificers, 
Goblins.  such as Inlayers of Cabinets, Statuaries, Sculptors, Painters, Silversmiths, Tapistry-makers, etc. in all which, both great and small, the design is still the King's Triumphs, etc.   

OBSERVATOIRE, A Building not quite finished 
Observatoire.  for the King's Chemists and Mathematical experiments, which besides the sinking, it has below the Surface of the ground, there is a descent of 171. large steps; which go so low into the Rock, that at one side you meet the River Seine; from the bottom of this, by a hole quite through the Building, the Stars may be seen at Noonday; round about it are Labratories in two degrees or Stories: The Building is Stone, without any Timber; the Chambers Arched as well as the rest; the Quaries just by it, which yield a Stone so soft, that at first digging, they work almost as easy as Wood   

INVALIDES, A sumptuous Hospital not quite finished, 
Invalides.  designed for the maimed Officers of the Army, and is therefore very large; it has two Courts, besides the Outhouses for Offices, etc. The first is equal to the Building of the Lowre itself, and the Quadrangle as big as that of Christ-Church; for to honour it, the King, Queen, Duke, and Duchess reserve Lodgings to themselves in it.   

PLACE-ROYAL, A square like Covent-Garden 
Place-Royal.  on Portico's, but neither the Arches nor Building so good; into the Piazza but one entrance, which makes it melancholy as a Convent.   

PALAIS, A great old Building which serves their 
Palais.  Parliament, their Booksellers and Milliners for an Exchange, their Merchants and Bankers for a Bourse, etc. but no room in it comparable to Westminster-Hall.   

PONTNUEF Crosses the Seine at the point of an 
Pontneuf.  Island where the River divides, and therefore has seven Arches one way, and but five another; 'tis broad and open, and raised on the sides for conveniency of walking: At every twenty yard's distance, an Iron-beam to hold a Lantern; at the end, next the Lowre, stands a Clock that moves by the Water; in the middle, the brass Statue of Henry the Great on Horseback, sent from Florence by Ferdinand the First.   

QUATRE NATIONS, A Church and Schools 
Quatre Nations.  built by Cardinal Mazarin; the Building pretty good, but the Cupola most remarkable, having much gild about it; and like other French things, finer without than within.  
VALDEGRACE, A Monastery built by the 
Valdegrace.  Queen-Mother, and the finest Structure they have; the Church little, but paved with Marble; the Choir railed with Iron, the Cupola lined with painting, the Pillars of the Tabernacle, well wrought Marble, adorned with Gilding, etc.   

PALAIS ROYAL, Monsieurs House, the building 
Palais Royal.  low, within abundance of gross carving and gild; the most remarkable thing, a suit of white Satin Hang, painted in flowers, which they say came from China; the Bed railed in with Balustres of Massy Silver, which they boast to be worth 20000. l.   

LUXEMBOURG, Both the House and Garden, the 
Luxembourg.  best in Paris; equalling to their bigness, the Lowre itself, but by piques between Mad le d'Orleans and the Duchess of Guise, (the present Possessors) suffered to run to ruin.   

BASTIL, A little old square Castle with four 
Bastil.  Towers, serving for great men's Prison, like the Tower of London, but more fatal to its Prisoners.   

PALAIS MAZARIN, Esteemed one of the first 
Palais Mazarin.  Houses in France; resembles the first Court of Monsieurs, but the building higher.   

THEATRES, Much worse than ours, so are their 
Theatres.  Plays: In their Operas their Scenes are infinitely inferior to those of Venice, as well as their Voices and manner of singing, being as unlike as Frogs and Nightingales.   

FOIRE St. , A large piece of ground 
Foire St. .  under an ordinary cover of posts and tiles, divided into eight small Walks, or Streets; and the pleasure and benefit of it, is to cheapen, and then play for a Toy: It belongs to the Abbot, and yields him a very great Rent.  
TOWNHOUSE, Has a good Front, one great Room, 
Townhouse.  with several Drawing-rooms, Offices for Clerks, etc.   

SORBONNE, The only College that deserves 
Sorbonne.  taking notice of, Rebuilt by Cardinal Richelieu Alamoderna.   

St. DENYS, An old Church and Counent, remarkable 
St. Denys.  for its great Treasure of Gold, Jewels, Relics, Robes of Coronation, and for being Sepulchre to so many Kings and Saints.   

St. GERMAINS, Has a fine Situation, but the 
St. Germains.  House out of fashion; stands upon a Hill, and the River Sein running by it; on one side of it a Forest which is well Wooded, and Pleasant; on the other an agreeable Country of Vineyards and Corn; has but one Court, is not large, nor any Rooms in it excellent; only the King's Closet is pretty, being lined with Looking-glasses, painted with Cupid's on them, and what there is of wood, covered with Gilding, the Roof being a Cupola, the Glasses very prettily deceive the eye, and the Floar in proportion of beauty to the rest; the Garden not extraordinary, but suitable to the House.   

St. CLOUD, A House of Monsieurs, not large, but 
St. Cloud.  pretty; stands upon a Hill, and the Garden (which is not yet in order) all the way descending to the Riverside, the Cascade very good, which is owed to the Situation; has a great deal of Wood, but can never have any good Walks.   

RUEL, A House so little, that it can only serve 
Ruel.  the King to Collation in; the Gardens and Walks the most & pleasantest in France; the whole enclosure of it, being 300. Acres of ground, gives such room for variety, that there are Cornfields as well as Cascades and Fountains in it.  
VERSAILLE, Though it seem to be situate in a 
Versaille.  hole, being overlooked on every side with Hills, yet nevertheless stands on a little rising ground; the Front has wings, which by a new addition, are become much too long for the body; 'tis stone, coloured as brick; not high, and covered with blue slate; the ridge with Iron gilded, which lies on each side in Flowered luces, etc. Between the Windows little heads in niches; and for yet greater Ornament, the Roof is adorned with Pinnacles; to approach the Door, there are two ascents of Marble Diamond cut; on the last a little gilded jette d'eau; and in each corner, at the setting on of the wings, two gilded Volleries, or Cages, stuck against the Wall like Martin's Nests: It affords not above three Apartments; the Kings, the Queens, and Dauphins; has some rich Furniture, and much painting; but his Majesties Bedchamber is most Bizzare, being meubled principally with Purslain, which it has in greater quantity and variety than any Potter's Shop in Europe; adjoining to this, and the Queen's Apartment, is a Terrase paved with Marble, supported with Pillars, and a Basin in the midst of it: The Garden is very large, and being a continued descent from the House, makes that side of it to appear higher, and more beautiful; has many Fountains, Basins, Statues, and great Walks, with tall Trees and Hedges; at the lower end a Canal, in which is a Yacht with all her Rigging: The King and all the Court enjoy the pleasure of it in their Coaches; the Deep-loose Sand, rendering it not agreeable to walk in. The Ministers and Nobility have Houses set at some distance on a piece of ground waste like Common.   

TRIANO, half a mile from Versailles, stands a 
Triano.  very fine Summer-House with Walks and Statues almost as beautiful as the other; the Roof all covered with Purslain Pots, or their Counterfeits; within furnished with Pictures, and paved with Marble.   

REGALIO, At the bottom of one of the great 
Regalio.  shady Walks was an Amphitheatre, made of Boughs and Flowers, wherein was concealed three sets of Music, with which the King did entertain the Ladies: In another open part of the Garden, amongst the Fountains, was an infinite number of Trees, set with their branches full of Candles; in the midst of them, a Table with a Machine upon it, whereon was most artificially hung, all manner of Fruit, as if it were natural, with branches, leaves, etc. In the middle of it, abundance of Wax-Candles, and round about the bottom, places for dishes and covers.   

COUNTRY, Towards Orleans has several agreeable 
Country.  Hills, with pretty Houses on them, and two or three walled Towns, not much inferior to those upon the Loire.   

ORLEANS Is large, ill built, ill paved, not one 
Orleans.  good House or Gentleman living in it, and yet has about forty Churches; it stands on the River Loire, which is very broad and beautiful, but very shallow; its chiefest Trade is Wine and Corn; the Fortifications gone to ruin.   

AMBOIS, A little wretched Walled Town, remarkable 
Ambois.  for a Staggs horn, killed by Francis the First in the Forest of Ardenne, which are fifteen foot high; his ribs they show seven foot long, and of a prodigious thickness, and the joint of his neck, which is a solid bone, is a foot diameter, all kept in the old ruinous Castle there; in which there is nothing else to be observed, but a winding Staircase, made for Coaches to run up, 35. fathoms to the Chambers; the Prospect of the Country from it is extreme pleasant, the River very large, which having forsaken his old Channel, has there two stone Bridges.   

BLOIS Has nothing good in it but its Situation. 
Blois.    

MARMOUSTIER, A large Abbey, wherein is kept 
Marmoustier.  the St. Ampoule, that anointed Henry the Fourth; it ebbs and flows with the Moon, and was sent from Heaven to cure St. Martin's Leg, which the Devil made him break by stealing away the Staircase from his Chamber (now a pretty Marble Chapel on the side of the Church;) they also show a vast Tunn, wherein he kept his Wine, which probably was the Friend that stole away the Stairs.   

TOURS Is not near so big as Orleans, though 
Tours.  pretty large; the Houses are most of them covered with blue slate, as well on the sides as roof; the Streets narrow, the best Church (St. Gratian) built by the English, and has the Windows painted as if they were Enamell'd; by the Rampart is a long Walk or Maille well set with Trees: It had a Castle, but now Ruins; along the Riverside, is a Rock, under which there are infinite numbers of Burroughs of People, like those of Coneys; the Trade is Spinning, Weaving, and ordering of Silks; it is an Arch Bishop's Seat, the Situation in that part of the Country which they call the Garden of France.   

SAUMURE, A little Walled Town under a Hill, 
Saumure.  close by the Loire, not bigger than Windsor-Castle; the Walls very clean and free from Buildings: In the Suburbs, which is much larger than the Town, is a pretty new Cloister of Nostre dame d'Ardilliers, wherein is every day wrought Miracles: From the brow of the Hill, on which stands an old Ruinous Castle, there is a Prospect of a Country something like that about Windsor; it has abundance of Huguenots and their Churches, as in other Cities, without the Walls, and Subsists by being a School to Germans and English.  
In the Road to Richelieu are two eminent Convents, 
2 Convents.  of the Order of St. Benoist, of Men and Women remarkable, in that the Men are subject to the Women, and receive their Orders from them; the Lady Abbess is Sister to Madam Montespan, and in her Chapel lie two Kings of England Buried, who were Benefactors to it, Henry the Second, and Richard Cordelyon.   

RICHELIEU: The famous Palace of Richelieu 
Richelieu.  is much less, and much lower Situated than Audlyend; has a Mote about it, and a Canal at 50. yard's distance again from that, which with several Cutts and Ditches, go a second time round it; in breadth it is a single House, has but one chief Court, the Stables and Offices placed on each hand in the approach to it, the Chambers are pretty square Rooms, but their Roofs all too low, which their heavy Timbers make to appear worse; there is great store of carved work on the Chimneys, Doors and Joice, and much French painting on the Ceelings: The Park exceeds the Garden, being very fine in its kind; has some Stags in it, a thing so rare in France, that they wonder at them there as Monsters: Near to this Palace, is a Town built by the same Cardinal, and exactly Uniform, Walled and Moted too; it consists of one Street and two broad places at each end, whereof the one is a Market, but is so desolate and poor, that one would suspect the Plague were in it.  
Angers Stands upon the Main, a River that runs 
Angers.  into the Loire, and almost as fair; 'tis Walled, ill built, not large, has an old Castle almost ruinous, which is yet a Garrison, and they show in it a Cage of wood, in a Dungeon, wherein was formerly kept Prisoner a Queen of Sicily 21. years; it has a very good Maille set with double rows of Trees on each side, near as long as that in St. James' Park; not far from it a little Forest, the Country about it, low, yet Wooded, Fertile, and Pleasant.   

NANTS, Is less than Angers, but rather better Biult, 
Nants.  they have an old Castle little worth, which with suitable Walls is all their Fortification: In the Carmelites Church, there is a Tomb of Francis the 2 d. Duke of Bretagne, wrought by Mich. Colombus, which has many Figures about it, and all perfect; the Country is flat and woody, stands near the Sea, and upon the Loire, but its principal Trade is Brandy; near the Town, the Prince of Conde has a House which has a good Prospect.   

ROCHEL Is less than Nants, has two or three 
Rochel.  Streets built with low. Arches, under which are all their Tradesmen, like an Exchange, and excepting those, and some few Houses, the Town is very ordinary, not having one good Church: The Harbour is little, and too shallow at flowing water for any Ship of burden; it has towards the Sea, two Blockhouses for its defence, which is in effect all its Fortification: 'Tis almost all Huguenots, and their principal Trade, Salt: The Country from Nants thither, something resembling England, being Enclosure and Pastorage, excepting a Fen of seven Leagues next Rochel; the Sheep very remarkable, being most black, with white foreheads and tails.  
ROCHFORT, The place where the King builds 
Rochfort.  and lays up his lightest Ships of 40, 50, 60, and 70. Guns; the Charante a little dirty River, or rather Ditch, not so large as Puddle-dock, being the Harbour wherein they ride; and so shallow, as well as narrow, that they cannot sail with their Guns in them; at the mouth of it is a little Fort, and by the side of it is a fine Storehouse built of Freestone, the length of 20. Ships, with several Apartments for such a number which lie every one over against their own dressing-room, and have their Terrible Names upon black Marble, in Golden letters over every door: The Country thereabouts Marshy and bad.   

BLAYE, A great old Castle upon the River Giron; 
Blaye.  the use of it to examine such Ships as pass to Bourdeaux, and the place where the English Trading for Wine were to leave their Guns; with this River, two Leagues nearer Bourdeaux the Garonne and Dordogne join, all which are muddy and troubled as a Torrent or Land-flood.   

BOURDEAUX Stands upon the Garonne, a River 
Bourdeaux.  more like Earth than Water, being near the Sea, is there very broad: It has one good Street with two or three good Houses in it; the rest of the Town narrow and ill built: It has 12. Parishes, but never a good Church; is governed by a Mayor, and six Jurats or Aldermen, is an Arch-Bishops Seat, and has a Parliament: Close to it stands a new Citadel called Chasteau Trumpet, designed more to awe the City than defend it, which makes the Inhabitants hate the name of it; 'tis very regular and beautiful, has two Ditches; within the outwardmost is conveniencies for Horse, and in the other for Foot: The Country about it is a flat, covered with Vines; their sole Trade, Wine, which scarce any but the English buys.  
POITIERS, A straggling ill Situated Town, low 
Poitiers.  Marshy ground about it, and no good Water in it; the circuit of the Walls shows it has been larger much than it is; the best Building is the Church of St. Peter, by Harry the 2 d. King of England; 'tis a Bishop's Seat, and governed by a Mayor.   

CADILLIAC, A little infignificant Walled Town, 
Cadilliac.  but the Duke of Espernons House there is not much inferior to that of Richelieu, being of the same sort of Building, and has a better Situation, has finer Gardens and Orengery; but the dispute by his Nephews about the Title, makes it very much out of Repair.   

AGAIN, A Walled Town, stands upon the Garonne, 
Agen.  neither well built, large, nor otherwise considerable, only that Scalligers House is there to be seen, and is a Bishop's Seat; on the side of a Hill near it, is the Habitation of five Hermits, who have very good Apartments hewn out of the solid Rock; as also a Church, in which is a Spring that does wonders, produced there by the Tears of a Female Saint 13000. years ago; the Father that showed it me, has been there 45. years, and is the most Devout, most Reverend, and most Simple Old Man I have seen; from hence is easily discerned the Pyrenees, and a Country both fertile and pleasant.   

MONTAUBAN, A little Town, pretty well built; 
Montauban  the Market place has all the Houses upon Arches, and under them their Shops; in one part of it, is a public Fountain, which no Town else in France can boast, nor so good Wine and Provisions; 'tis a Bishop's Seat, but consists most of Huguenots.   

TOULOUSE Stands on a flat, is not bigger than 
Toulouse.  Roven, but esteemed the second City of France; is generally built of a pale soft brick, and so are the Churches, which might be demolished by scratching; it has divers Monasteries, and some very large; a fine Townhouse, and at the West-end, a very good bridge, almost equal to Pontneuf, but the River under it not to be praised in the Summer: The Soil is so hot, that in three months the Dead are dried and taken up again, and put into Vaults, where they may be Visited: It has an Archbishop and a Court of Parliament, who glory in the privilege of raising such money as the King requires themselves, and not to have the Officers of the Taille among them: It swarms with Lawyers, and is Poorer than any other part of France; yet the Country from Bourdeaux thither, the most fertile of the Kingdom, lying between two Rivers, and two ridges of Hills.   

CARCASSONNE Is in two parts, both distinctly 
Carcassonne.  Walled, called the City and the Town, but neither of them worth notice, nor yet the Castle; the Country here is stony and barren, and about this Town are the first Olive-Trees I found.   

NARBONNE Is the Frontier Town to Spain, 
Narbonne.  stands low and unhealthfully, but pretty well Fortified; is an Arch-Bishops Seat, whose House is the best there; it has some pieces of Bridges, Aquaduets, etc. remaining of the ancient Romans; has no River, but a cut out of the Aude.   

BEZIERS' Has a Situation upon a little Hill; and 
Beziers.  the little River Orb by it, with a pretty good Bridge over it; the Country still Barren, but full of Olive-Trees, which here either breed, or some way draw a Quicksilver to their roots, that in time destroys them.   

MONTPELIER Is one of the best built Towns 
Montpelier.  in France, though one of the least, all of Stone, and most of it uniform, but the Streets insufferably narrow; it stands on the side of a little Hill, so that coming from Toulouse all the Towns is seen, every House appear one behind another; is Walled, and has a little Citadel, built about 40. years ago, something like Chasteau Trumpet; has Physick-Schools and Garden, and at some certain times the Apothecaries make the famous Confection of Alkermes in the presence of the Magistrate; and next to that, their most considerable Trade is whiting of Wax, and making of verdigris: The Country about it is a little wild, as the rest of France, having no Enclosure, Meadow, or Pasturage, nor other Shade nor Tree but Olive; nor River, nor Water worth mentioning; and which is a greater defect, for the Ladies, there is wanting an agreeable Walk, who having neither Park nor Garden, on the Ploughed ground do Trespass every Evening: At a League's distance on one side, is the Sea, and on the other Mountains.   

FRONTIGNAN, A little ill-favoured beggarly 
Frontignan.  Town, yet Walled, remarkable for the Vines.   

PORTSETTE, Where the King is making a Harbour 
Portsette.  in the Mediterranean, and has advanced a Mole already 600. yards, designs another Parallel to it, and the entrance to be just in the middle; the Stone they blow up out of a Mountain close by it, which is very good Marble: Here the famous Canal falls in, which is to join both Seas, but is scarce so large or deep as that in St. James' Park; the Garonne that runs that way, has saved a great expense, yet is never the less excessive, but so wisely placed upon the Provisions that Country spends, that his Majesty is a gainer by it: There are two or three Basins and Reservers, one prodigious, being a Valley stopped up at one end, but the art to get water into them, is not yet known.   

NISMES, Where there is an Amphitheatre built 
Nismes.  by the Emperor Trajan; the Walls the least ruin'd of any the Romans have left; it has 63. Arches, and 470. paces in compass; there is also a House on Corinthian Pillars, 10. in front, and 6. at each hand, supposed to have been a Capitol, and the Ruins of a Temple to Diana upon the head of a Rivelet: The Town is not for any thing else considerable, the Trade making of Stuffs, and the Country thereabouts Rocky: The Huguenots have a Temple in it, which is large and well contrived, and no less than 1200. Communicants belonging to it; near a third part of the people in these parts of France being of that Religion.   

PONT du GARDINER, An Aquaduet made by the 
Pont du Gard.  Romans 82. foot high, between two Hills cross a River, almost perfect still; it has three rows of Arches, one upon another, and the lowermost serves for a Bridge.   

AVIGNON Is the Popes, bought for a safe Retreat 
Avignon.  upon occasion, is Governed by a Vicelegate, has the best Walls of any Town in France, though but little good Building in it; stands upon the rapid River Rome, half of which being the Kings, the Bridge between the two Owners remains broken: The greatest Curiosities are the Altar-piece in the Celestines Church, given by a King of Cecilly, which has 40. Figures, all cut in one Marble, and Laura's Tomb (Petracks' Mistress) in the Cordeliers Church, with the Verses found in it written by him, and the Medaille of a Fortune with it: In this City are abundance of Poor Jews, which for distinction wear yellow Hats, and to them an equal number of Whores, which are the greatest part of the Inhabitants; the Country thus far stony with many rows of Hills.  
ORANGE, A little Town very ancient, as the 
Orange.  Ruins of the Antiquities there do show: It has now lost its Walls and Castle; the principality extends about 8. miles in length, and 6. in breadth, and is very Fertile.   

VIENNE, A little City standing likewise upon the 
Vienne.  Rhosne, remarkable for pilate's having dwelled there, and the old Tower of the Gatehouse, from which he threw himself into the River.   

VALENCE, Another Walled City not worth notice, 
Valence.  unless the breeding Lawyers can make it valueable: It has a Bishop, who is Count of Valence and Die, two Bishoprics united; and is temporal Lord not only of that, but of several other places in that Country.   

LION'S Is Scituate between two Hills, and lies 
Lions.  about the belly of the biggest, in form of a half Moon, so close crowded up, that some part of it is crept upon them: It stands on the Rhosne and Saone; two Rivers, that by the help of the Mountains furnishes it with Fogs, that for most part of the Winter conceal the Sun; the Buildings are high, Streets large, Shops better, People neater and richer much than in Paris: It Trades considerably with Germany and Italy; Prints Books and exchanges Money for all Europe: It has an Archbishop that esteems himself Primate of France; Eleven Parishes, and in the great old Church of St. John, a ridiculous Clock mightily valued there; which, besides twenty other tricks, has little brass Angels that appear when it strikes; a Cock that is to be supposed to Crow, etc. but the Closet of Monsieur Ceruiere does ten times exceed it: The most extraordinary thing is the Townhouse, which is equal to that at Amsterdam, with pretty Walks behind it: It is rather less than Roven, and may be termed the fourth great Tower of France; the Country about it not very fertile, but from Beauvoysin thither, seems pleasant, by reason of its ugly Neighbour, Savoy.   

GRENOBLE Stands at the foot of a great Mountain, 
Grenoble.  and upon the little River Isere, besides the Torrent called the Drac: It has the Fortification of 8. Bastions, is the place where the Parliament of the Province Assemble, and is famous for Gloves.   

GRAND CHARTREUX, Scituate in the most 
Chartreux.  Solitary place that can be found in the World, amongst horrid Mountains, worse than the Alps, and the way from Chambery, hewn out of the side of Rocks in steps, with continual Precipices, a roaring Torrent in the bottom, and through the melancholy shade of Pines and Fir-trees; the House large, but far from being beautiful or regular; has about 50. Fathers, and half as many Brothers, which are necessary Tradesmen, that work continually for the others; none else being admitted. A Stranger that is so Foolishly curious as to come there, is Lodged for a Night; and a Father, whose particular business it is, entertains him; and in the Morning he Records himself in a Book at his going away. On the top of the Hill, in the Desert, is the Chapel of St. Bruno, once his Habitation, which he finding very cold, resolved t'abandon; but St. Peter appeared to him, and would never be quiet till he had promised the contrary, which is the sole reason that all these wise Fathers remain in this miserable place, though they have many pleasanter in that and other Provinces; the King of France, Duke of Savoy, and other Princes, having been so great Benefactors to them, that 'tis thought they are now able to ransom almost any one of them.  
ROHANNE, NEVERS, MOULINS, BOURBON, 
Rohanne, Nevers, Moulins, Bourbon, Briare.  BRIARE, etc. Are not worth notice, nor the Country comparable to that part of the Loire, below Orleans.   

BEAUVOIS, ABBERUILE, MONTREVILLE, 
Beauvois, Abberuile, Montreville, Boulonne.  BOULONNE, are pretty well Fortified, but not in good Repair; best towards Paris, which seems to have been the work of the English; the Buildings resembling our Market-Towns, low Timber Houses, with some few Brick amongst them; the Country like the rest, open, bears Corn, but not Fertile.   

CALAIS Is strong both to Land and Sea, has 
Calais.  Ramparts, Ditches, Citadel, Blockhouses, etc. and is a prettier Town, though less than the four former.   

FRANCE in general Would be a very pleasant 
France in general.  and agreeable Country, had it Enclosures and Pasturage; is neither so Fertile generally as Italy or England, nor yet has no ground altogether so Barren as either of them; very few Woods, Parks, or Forests, and fewer Villas, or noble Country Houses; Rivers not many, and of those scarce any Navigable; much Corn, but not plump and large, Wines in good quantity, but without any flavour, and most of them tart and crabbed; Provisions of no kind excellent, their Poultry lean, little or no Fish, scarce any Beef, Mutton, nor Veal that's good.  
Their Horses little, and so strangely put together, that scarce any of them can either Trot or Gallop, and 'tis easier to teach an English Horse to dance, than one of them to amble, for they can only go the Pas, whence their Coaches, and all manner of Veiture, is so slow, as 'tis intolerable.  
Dogs of no kind worth a farthing, and to conclude, such is the nature of the Clime, or Soil, that it produces no Animal in perfection, but Asses.  
The People nevertheless, the most gentile of any, giving Laws to us and others; for Fashions and Behaviour, and yet not careful to be exact in either, but do all things as it were by chance, with a becoming negligence that extremely pleases— observable in their Linen, , Houses, etc. in all which, they abhor exactness.  
Nor has their Language any certain Pronounciation, but varies continually, as he that speaks affects, so that they do not understand, but guess at each others meaning, yet is esteemed the sweetest in the World, allowed th'advantage of the Nose and Lisping.  
Their Complexions generally yellow and swarthy, the Men withered, the Women thick lipped, flat-nosed, a little turning up, which gives an air to faces, and is emulated by our English Ladies.  
If they have any defects, they are abundantly supplied by their good Mien and admirable Deportment, which gains them access before all other Nations, and above the rest are happy in this, that they can never mistake or commit absurdity by gestures or otherwise, a Frenchman being every where a Master of Ceremonies.  
The Nobles are most extravagantly Courteous, and so Impartial in their Friendship, that they never express, or show, more to one man than another.  
Are naturally Choleric, which together with extreme Poverty and Misery, makes them so brave, as not to regard any danger, a Valour the Gentry are brought to by Fatigue and Service; the Vulgar by continual Taxes.  
Are of an humour airy, and very diverting, always in motion, and ever making some kind of noise or other, Talking, Dancing, or Singing, being very like those impertinent harmless Flies that are always busy about you, though neither to sting nor suck you.  
Generally Amorous, but the Men rarely Jealous, and who will enjoy their Women, may do it at their Perils.  
Are very Apprehensive, or Eucillè (as they term it) understanding what you mean, before they know what you will say.  
All naturally Poets, so that they cannot write a Letter without some Verses in it.  
No less Historians, Printing every Man's History, or Memoire that is not hanged in Effigy, for being great lovers of their own fame and glory; their own impartial Pens does Immortalize it.   

GENEVA, A little Town, stands in a Flat, with 
Geneva.  Mountains at some distance on every side, being the several Territories of France, Savoy, Swiss Valesians, etc. by whose quarrels and emulation, it preserves itself; has pretty slight works about it, and an Arsenal not very considerable; has no good Building, and is only famous for its Religion; there is a Lake which is 18. Leagues long, and 5. in some places broad, has admirable Trout in it, and giveth Birth to the rapid Rhone.   

CHAMBERY, The chief City of Savoy, is about 
Chambery.  the size of Saumure, but better Built; stands environed with great Mountains, and is the place where the Parliament resides.   

MONTMELIAN, A little Town, by which upon 
Montmelian.  a Rock stands a very strong Castle that commands the Passage, and has the River Isere running by it.  
MONT-CENIS, The highest of all the Alps, is 
Mont-Cenis  a League up, two upon the top, (which is a kind of Plain or Valley between the Peaks) and in the midst of it, a Lake; the descent two Leagues more, which is troublesome and horrid in respect of the rude Rock and Stones which lie as if carelessly all at once there thrown and tumbled down the Hill; at the foot of it is Novalese and Suza, where Savoy ends, and Piedmont gins.   

TURIN Stands at the foot of the Hills, on part of 
Turin.  the same tract of Land with Lombardy; is lately enlarged by new regular Walls and Ditches; has a Citadel on the back of it, and the River Po running by it; the Buildings are of Brick, plastered over, not excepting the Duke's Palace, from which there is a very fine new Street, with a square at each end, on Porticoes like Covent-Garden.  
The Old Palace has two or three good Rooms in it, and joining to it, in the great Church, a black Marble Chappel now building, to keep our Saviour's Winding-sheet in; but the prettiest thing in the House is the Duchess her Bathing-Room, from which to her Bedchamber, she goes up and down by Counterpoise.   

LAVENERIE, A pretty little House three or four 
La Venery.  miles distant, in which the Duke delights for Huntingsake, a new strait Street leads to it; at the end of which is an Oval Building, and two high Marble Pillars with Statues on them: In the Court immediately before it, is a brass Stagg in the midst of a Basin, with Dogs about it: The House has abundance of Painting and Gild; the Gardens very fine, and a high Semi-circular-wall with heads in Niches finishes the first, and then descending, there are two noble Grotta's, a Fountain, and a Semi circular wall, bend the other way, at the end of this last, is designed a Temple to Diana, of which I saw the Model.   

LA VALENTINE, A little neat House of the 
La Valentine.  Old Duchess'; on the other side of Turin, upon the banks of the River Po, and therefore stands pleasantly; it has much Gild, and better Pictures than any of the other.  
The Duke calls himself Royal Highness, and 
Duke.  glories in having continued there a thousand years, and in all probability he may continue there a Million yet; for except Piedmont, which is not above a days Journey in length, and very narrow; none would covet any of his Territories: Savoy being so Horrid, Barren, and Cold, that one would think it could never have other Inhabitants than Bears; yet he has in it many miserable Villages, and 'tis said, could raise 20000. Men; but his Country being almost Inaccessible, needs neither Arms nor Policy to preserve it; and therefore 'tis no wonder if its Duke have not the latter, since Nature gives nothing in vain.  
His Principal Revenue is Salt, which he 
Revenue.  sells after the French fashion to his People, and in all things Governs like them; his Court and little flat Country, being France in Minature, all speaking, clothing, and living as they do; with all sorts of Gabels and Impositions he is esteemed to have a Million of Crowns yearly, besides his Pension from the French, to let them into Italy upon occasion.   

GENOA, One of the Stateliest Cities of Italy, 
Genoa.  stands close under the Barren Appennines, and washed by the Sea (Gli sand Corona i Monti e Specchio il Mare) from whence it appears like a half Moon, and at each point two stout Ramparts, besides little Forts, as that at the foot of the Pharos, etc. Has an admirable Mole, a Block house to secure its Galleys, and a noble Enclosure, with abundance of Docks to build them in: The Streets are generally narrow, but the Buildings most Magnificent, consisting in effect of Palaces, of which the chiefest are those of the Imperiali of the Prince d'Oria, of the Duke d'Oria Marchese Durazzo, and Sig re. Balbi.  
The Churches are beautiful beyond expression, 
Annunciata  and in particular that of the Annunciata, which is supported with Pillars of white and red Marble, like Ivory stained, and so polished, that they may pass for Jasper; the Roof all Carved, Gilded, and curiously painted; the Altars finer yet, having such peculiar Ornaments as one might think impossible in Nature; and all this at the Charge of two Brothers; the Lomellini Merchants that give a third part of their gains to the Adorning of it.  
The Jesuits, and that of St. Ciro, are not 
St. Ciro.  much inferior, the last exceeding it in Painting and Pillars.   

DUOMO Is large, and has black Marble Pillars, 
Duomo.  but not so fine as the former.   

St. DOMENICO Is long and pleasant, its Pillars 
St. Domenico.  and Arches black and white.   

St. PIETRO E PAOLO, Is plain, but well built, 
St. Pietro e Paolo.  most remarkable for its Figure, being almost round, and having five Cupola's.   

SPEDALE MAGGIORE, A great Hospital built 
Spedale Maggiore.  at the public charge (except some few Benefactors) for poor Whores, Old Men and Bastards, wherein 4. long Galleries with Iron Beds in them, they have distinct Apartments, as many over them again to work in, and as many Rooms about the Chapel to hear Mass. PALAR-  
In the Dogs' Palace, which is great, is the 
Palazzo del Doge.  Armoury which can furnish 30000 men, and there is kept the Armour, their Women wore in the Holy War.   

St. PIETRO del ARENA, Is a Village by the Seaside 
St. Pietro del Arena.  of Villas, and fine Gardens, which are made more pleasant by the great number of Orange-Trees, Myrtles and Fountains.  
The Genovese Territories are but small, yet 
Revenue.  their ordinary Revenue is said to be half a Million of Crowns yearly, and every Town pays besides its Soldiers, Officers, and Magistrates.  
The City itself has a good Wall, besides the security 
Strength.  of the Hills at its back, and 20. Ships and Galleys upon occasion at Sea.  
Their Interest is altogether Spanish, obliged to 
Interest.  it, not only by their present profit of returning all their money, etc. but by a great sum, long ago lent the Spaniards, which will never be repaid, to keep them in awe, and by their Estates in the Kingdom of Naples, which they are not permitted to sell to other than Genoveses.  
Their Trade is Satins, Velvets, Taffetas, etc. but 
Trade.  their best, Exchange of Money.  
Their Government is by a Doge, chosen every 
Government.  two years, and eight Senators; but on occasions of making War or Peace, the Grand Counsel Assembles, which consists of 400. Elected out of the Families of the best Citizens.   

NOVI: Their Frontier Town to the Millanese, is 
Novi.  little and inconsiderable; the Country from Genoa thither, all Mountains.   

TORTONA, The Frontier to the Genoveses, like 
Tortona.  Novi.  
PAVIA, A better Town than either of them; has 
Pavia.  a fine Statue in Brass of Antoninus Pius on Horseback; and in one of the Churches lies Buried the famous St. Augustine, a Duke of Suffolk, and Bishop Parker.  
At a little distance from Pavia, is the Carthusian 
Carthusian Monastery.  Monastery, the second of the Order, and the finest they have; on the Frontispiece of the Church is abundance of Carving, besides Marble Statues, Heads, etc. Within 'tis magnificent, though not built strictly a la-moderna: On the sides are particular Chapels for each Religious, all along railed with Brass of great height and beauty, as also is the face of it before the Choir; the Alter-pieces are the hands of excellent Painters, and the Pillars to them curious Marbles, Lapislasuli and Jasper; the great Tabernacle so rich, that 'tis valued at 20000 l. In the Sacristy is the back of an Altar of Ivory, in which is rarely cut in Figures the History of the New Testament given by a Queen of Sicily: The Tomb of the Founder Giovanne Galeszzo Visconti, Duke of Milan, in a very fine white Marble, with Fame and Victory at head and feet; a great quantity of Plate, Jewels, etc. Their Cloister large, their Cells neat, and Gardens vast, and a great Pond in the midst to keep their Fish in, which has a little current running through it, all faced with Stone and other Ornaments about it.   

MILAN Is only to be praised by saying 'tis great, 
Milan.  being full ten miles in compass; has few good Buildings or Streets; the Houses generally of Brick, the Churches which of all sorts are reckoned to be near 200. are inferior to those in other parts of Italy, excepting so much of the Duomo as is built, which is all of white marble, with a abundance of Statues of the same, standing upon the Walls on the out side; within, the Pillars suitable, exceeding other Churches, in that the Marble is solid, and not crusted; the Floor is the most beautiful of all, being the finest Pavement I have seen; the Church is more than half finished, and has Scaffolds standing as if intended to go on, and a man or two kept knocking there to excite Charity.   

SPEDALE MAGGIORE, The great Hospital is a 
Spedale Maggiore.  Princely Building, standing upon stone Pillars in a large Quadrangle, has Conveniencies and Endowments for 4000 Poor.  
The Lazaretto is as extraordinary in its kind, being 
Lazaretto.  a square of near a mile about, and a little Rivelet running round it.  
In St. AMBROGIO, is the Brazen Serpent 
S. Ambrogio.  upon a Marble Pillar, which the Children of Israel Worshipped, and the place where St. Ambrose himself lies Buried.  
The Closets of Sig re. Canonico Setali, in which are 
Curiosities.  all manner of Rarities: In the first, great variety of Burning-glasses and Reflecting-steels of great breadth, and several other Instruments for Solar and Mathematical experiments: In others are all sorts of Stones, Minerals, Shells, Horns, Beasts, Fishes, etc. that are rare, as Chameleons, Rhinoceras, Sword-fish, etc. Cloth of the stone Abestos, that is made clean by throwing into the fire; a Load stone but of two ounces weight, that takes up 25. pound of Iron; in another all manner of Clocks and Watches, as those of perpetul motion, with Bullets, of local motion, etc. In others Arms of India, China, etc. with their Kings and Priests hahits, curious Figures in Ivory, Anatomies of Abortives, fine Cabinets, Collections of Medails, etc. strange Looking-glasses, Nuts, China Manuscripts, etc.   

CITADEL Is larger than that of Antwerp, and 
Citadel.  is esteemed one of the best in Europe, has all sorts of Conveniencies, and Shops within itself to Accommodate the Soldiers, which are all Spaniards; it stands close by the Town, but the Government independent of him that governs Milan.  
The City has twelve Senators chosen by the King, 
Government.  whereof three must be always Spaniards; these make and alter Laws, determine all Causes Civil and Criminal without appeal; the Governor has the privilege of being a Judge amongst them, and such is their respect to him, that they never reject any thing he propounds.  
The Revenue Spain draws from it yearly, is not less 
Revenue.  than a 100000. l. Sterl.  
Their Dominions so large in this fertile Country of 
Strength.  Lombardy, that they can raise 50000. Men.  
It ahounds with Artisans of all sorts, in so much, 
Artisans.  that 'tis thought to have more than all Italy.   

Lodi, Piacenza, Two pretty little Towns; the first 
Lodi, Piacenza.  frontier to the Venetians; in the latter stands an excellent brass Statue of Alexander Farnese, the great General, on Horse back; the Country about these Towns a perfect Garden.   

PARMA Has a pretty River runs through it, and 
Parma.  is esteemed to be three miles in compass; the Walls very good and regular. The Duke's Palace has two square Courts, and the Theatre for Operas in it, the finest in the World, being able to receive 14000. persons, and may hear from the extremities of it distinctly; by the side of it is a less for Comedies, which is very pretty: At some distance he has a Summer House with Gardens, Fountains, Orangery, etc. but out of order: His Stables are very good, and his Coaches excel all Christendom in Richness and Ugliness, the one all of Plated-silver embossed, as also the Carriage and Naves; another of Velvet Embroidered, so massy and gross, that it seems as rich, but more detestable in its shape, being as big as a Chamber, having four great armed Chairs in it, besides the usual Seats behind them again; and the Gilding is equal to the rest of the foolish cost, of which the Wheels have their proportion.  
The Cupola of the Duomo is Painted by the hand 
Duomo.  of Carreggio, but faded very much, and the Floor is paved with large Marble.  
The Duke's Revenue is said to be 400000. Crowns 
Revenue.  a year, of which he spends much in Guards, never going abroad without one of Halberds, and one of Carabines, and his Mother and Duchess have the like.  
In all his Dominions he can raise about 20000. 
Strength.  Men, having other little Territories, besides that rich Cauntry about Parma.  
The Government of his Towns is by Podesta's, 
Government.  which have Power in all civil matters, and a Governor has the care of the other, but all Appeal (upon occasion) to the Council of State at Parma, of which, Marquis Vigolino is the principal.  
His Interest is French. 
Interest.    

REGIO is the Duke of Modena's Frontier and 
Regio.  best Town, of which Prince Lewis is Governor.   

MODENA: In the Palace is an Apartment of 
Modena.  six Rooms, as richly gilded and furnished as any in Italy; the Duke's Stables and Horses better much than Parma; close by the Town he has a good Citadel, and in the rest of his State he has two more.  
The chief Manufacture of this City, is making of 
Trade.  Vizard-Masks, and Masquerading Habits, for which they have a very good return, and the Duke (though but 16. years old) is a great encourager of Trade and Protector of Virtuosos.  
His Revenue is about 300000. Crowns a year, including 
Revenue.  his little Mountainous Country of Garfagna, next Tuscany, which supplies him with Oil.  
His Interest and Government is exactly the same 
Interest.  with Parma, and his chief Councillor is Secretary Gatti: When he goes abroad, in the same manner attended too; has the same Guards; can raise as many Men upon occasion, and has very near as many Acres as his Neighbour Duke.   

BOLOGNA Stands at the end of that rich Tract 
Bologna.  of Land, that scarce the World cau equal; is large, well built, most of it upon Porticoes like Covent-Garden; has several fine Monasteries, but that of St. Dominick is the greatest, nourishing 150. Friars: That of St. Michele in Bosco, being on a Hill with admirable Prospect, excels all the rest, and has the finest Dormitory.  
The City is rather under the Protection, than Government 
Government.  of the Pope; for though he have a Cardinal-Legate there, he can act nothing of Consequence without the consent of the Senate, who have the Militia in their own hands, which in the State consists of ten thousand Foot, and a thousand Horse, besides six thousand Citizens, Commanded by a Maestro di Campo of their own, for all which, they have Magazines of Ammunition, etc. and can as easily re-take the Government into their hands, as they did unwisely part with it: Though they Coin their Money with the Pope's Arms upon it, they also impale their own device of Libertas with it; and as a further mark of liberty, they constantly maintain at Rome an Ambassador, but the Legate lives in greater State amongst them, and at their charge too, having Guards of Horse and Foot which continually attend him, and besides the charge of Vicelegate and other Officers sends the Pope yearly a hundred thousand Crowns clear, which arises, from Impositions on Salt and Fish; the Post and the Secretary-Office for senseless Dispensations, etc.  
Their chief Trade and business is Silk, of which 
Trade.  their is brought out of their own Territories (to every Fair) a million and two hundred thousand pound weight, besides 200000. by Strangers, all which is ordered in Bologna, and employs thirty thousand People, and their Hemp not less than 12000. besides little Dogs, Washballs, and Salsicci, which are the best in the World.   

FLORENCE Stands close under the Apennineses, 
Florence.  and seems every way else, to have a large Plain enclosed with Hills; in which are an infinite number of Villas, and some of them very fine, as that of Poggio Imperiali, the great Dukes by the Town Wall, which has delicate Walks of Elci, fine Gardens, Fountains, etc. Near it is a fine Maille, set with Trees by the River which runs through the City; and on the other side of it, has a quantity of Meadow-ground well Wooded, with a Farm House upon it, where the G. Duke keeps his Dairy, and in the Summer is very pleasant.  
The G. Duke's Palace stands within the Wall, 
Paluzzo deal G. D.  is very Magnificent, built of great rough stones Alla Rustica, has but one Court, the wings to the Front being still wanting; most of the Rooms are painted by the excellent hand of Pietro di Cortona, which with rich Hang makes them appear very noble Apartments, especially those of the Cardinal Leopoldo, where is the greatest and best collection of Pictures I ever saw: The Garden lies most of it on the side of the Hill, but is nevertheless very pleasant, and has at the bottom a fine Parterre, environed with Cypress, and a cut of water, with a tall marble Fountain in the midst, the Basin of which, is of one stone, and is 36 Braeeis about.  
In the Galleries belonging to the Old Palace, are 
Gallery.  kept the Duke's Curiosities, Treasure. etc. On each hand are the Statues, and over them the Pictures of the most famous men of former Ages, by the greatest Masters; that of Brutus being unfinished by Mich. Angelo has these Verses by him writ under it.  
Dum Bruti Effigiem Sculptor de marmore ducit.  
In mentem Sceleris venit & abstinuit.  
By the side of these Galleries are divers Rooms with variety of rarities: In some the Weapons and Armour of the greatest Captains in the World; a Musket and Pistol of massie-gold, secret Arms for Revenge, etc. the skin of a Horse, whose Main is 5. yards long; a Loadstone that takes up 60. pound of Iron, etc. In others little Pagan gods of Brass and Iron; the Head of Tiberius Cezar in a Turquoise as big as an Egg; Statues of the G. Duke's Ancestors in Porphry; a great Ebbony Cabinet set with Stones, and within it, the Passion of our Saviour cut in Ivory, by Mich. Angelo; a Nail half Gold, half Iron; a lump of Gold as 'twas digged without Oar or Refining; shells of Mother of Pearl, with the Pearls growing to them; an Emerald in Embryo, half Stone, half Earth; a great Cabinet of Medials set so thick with precious Stones, that 'tis valued at five hundred thousand Crowns; a Unicorns Horn, great numbers of Cups Crystal and Agate, etc. three Tables Inlaid with variety of choice Stones into Flowers, Birds, etc. the bigest of them the richest and finest in the World, being most of it Inlaid with Pearls, Rubies, Saphires, Emeralds, Cornelians, etc. In others, his Plate which is very considerable, one Service of it all of pure Gold, besides abundance of ancient Vessels of the same, Swards set with Diamonds, etc. a Saddle and Bridle of Gold set with Turquoise Stones; a Cup of one entire Emerald, the rich Bedposts to his Marriage bed; a rare steel Cabinet designed a Present to the King of France; the Antependium of an Altar set with Stones very rich, all of massie-gold, and these words with Rubies upon it, Cosmus 2. Dei Gracia Magnus Duae Etruriae ex voto, and it had been sent to Loreto had he recovered of his Sickness: From these Galleries runs a little Close one, to the Duke's Palace for his Highness' conveniency, being near half a mile long: Before this old Palace, in the Piazza, stands the Statue of Cosmus the great, on Horseback, in brass, and his Victories expressed on the Pedestal, the Fountain of Neptune and Tritons, the two Gigantic Statues of David by Mich. Angelo, and Hercules killing Cacus by Bandinelli: In the Portico are those in brass of Perseus Judith, and Rape of the Sabins in Marble: Within this Palace is also shown his rich Embroidered Marriage-Coach, valued at 40000. Crowns.  
The Chapel of St. Laurence is round, and 
S. Lorenzo.  three parts finished, lined with polished Jasper of several colours, the Roof to be of Lapis Lazuli; about the middle of the Walls, Niches for all the Statues of the Dukes, which are to be of brass gilded, with Cushions of great value, and Crowns before them, set with Jewels, as appears by those already done; below them, are round it, the Arms of all his Cities, with their Names and Mottoes in Calcedonia; the Altar and Tabernacle have all the Materials that Art or Nature can furnish to adorn it; the four Pillars are of Crystal, their Capitels of Massie-gold, and the rest of it proportionable.  
The Church, to which this Chapel adjoins, has two 
Church.  Brazen Pulpits much esteemed, being the work of Donatello: In the Sacristy are the four Statues of Day, Night, Aurora, and the Evening, said to be made by Mich. Angelo, but much to be doubted: Above in the Cloister is kept the famous Library of Manuscripts, esteemed the best next to the Vatican.  
Upon this Bridge are four Statues, representing 
Ponte Trinita.  the four Seasons of the year, said to be made by Mich. Angelo, and I believe the Bridge itself, being the neatest I ever saw; the Arches so extended, that at a little distance they seem almost straight, and without any bending; in the Piazza (before it) stands the Porphry Statue of Justice.  
The Demo on the outside is crusted with 
TWO Duomo.  white, black, and red Marble, the Steeple by it of the same, not wanting the least Stone, or any of its first Ornaments: The Church within (except the Pavement) has nothing worth taking notice of, only that its Cupola was the first that ever was made, and served Mich. Angelo for a pattern for that of St. Peter's in Rome.   

S. MICHELE: Round about this Church are the 
S. Michele.  Statues of St. Thomas, St. Matthew, St. George, St. Peter, etc. very much esteemed.  
In the Baptistery by the Domo, is the Statue of Magdalen, by Donatello, and the doors to 
TWO Battisterio.  this little Church are valued above all the rest, being the History of the Bible cut in brass, by Lorenzo Cion, who was his whole life about it.  
In the Annunciata is the famous Picture of Madonna 
Annunciata  del Sacco, by Andrea del Sarto, and in the Piazza the brass Statue of Ferdinand on Horseback.  
In this Church, S a. Croce, the Pulpit is of rare Bassorelievo, 
S a. Croce.  cut out of white Marble, and at the entrance stands the Tomb of Mich. Angelo, having Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, in the Figures of Women sitting and lamenting upon it, and his own Busto above them.  
The great Duke's Court has all the great Officers 
Court.  that's usual in other Sovereign's Courts; but the most in view are his two Secretaries of State, his two Privy-Councellors, his sixty Gentlemen of his Bedchamber, his eight Escuyers, and his  Pages.  
His Highness going abroad, is constantly attended 
Guards.  by a Troop of Germans, and a Guard of Halbertiers, several Coaches, and in every respect the equipage of a King.  
The only Order of Knighthood in this Court, is that of 
Knights of St. Stephen.  St. Stephen, whereof the great Duke is grand Master, in imitation of that of Maltha, and like that none can be admitted but upon the same proofs of Gentility: The number of the Knights is at least 700. dispersed all over Italy, but obliged to serve several years in his Highness' Galleys that they may be capable of Commendums: The Revenue of the Order is about 200000. Crowns, most of it at the G. Duke's dispose, the rest in private Families: Their place of Residence, Pisa.  
In the Government the G. Duke is absolute, but yet 
Government.  allows them a Senate in show of Liberty, which consists of 40. Senators, all chosen by himself, and never act contrary to his Will: 'Tis accounted very Honourable, because they have the privilege of being covered before the Duke, and have generally the best Employments of the City, and Governments in Toscany conferred on them: In the Duke's absence, the Auditor Fiscal, a kind of Lord Mayor, does govern.  
The G. Duke Taxes no Lands, but the Product of 
Revenue.  them, so that no Horse or Beast, House or Ground, can be sold, or Daughter Married, but in every 100 Crowns, seven Crowns three quarters must be paid to his Highness; his whole Revenue being annually 1200000. Crowns which arises thus,  
Le Dogane di tutto il suo Stato 200000 Gabelle delle Porte 150000 Della Contratazione 200000 Dalle Farine 150000 Dalle Deccime 100000 Beni Stabili 100000 Dalinea Sale 50000 Avanzi di Magistrati 50000 Appalte di Forni 30000 Dalinea Tabacco 25000 Aquavita 20000 Posta 30000 Carta 15000 Assignamenti diversi 50000  
His principal Citadel in Florence is very considerable, 
Strength.  having in it an Armoury of four large Rooms, wherein is Arms for 80000. Men, all in excellent order; and in his whole State he has 26. Garrisons, in all which (in times of Peace) are but 2482. men; but he has besides these, the Train'dbands, which amount to 3000. Horse, 65000. Foot; and the Cities of Florence, Sienna, and the Countries some miles about them, which are disarmed for the Duke's security, would make upon occasion 20000. more: The Officers are paid by his Highness, and the Soldiers have some privileges: His Troop of Lifeguard consists of a hundred Germans, whose pay is three Giulio's a day, their Horses kept, and Freequarter; his Guard of Halbertiers are the same number, and have five Crowns a month, with several other advantages; he has also a Guard of Reformed Officers, Italians, whose pay is 14. Crowns a month, and the Maestro di Camera is always their Captain: The Captains of the several Guards have 1000 Crowns a year, the common Soldiers a Giulio a day; which pay, what it wants of other Princes, is recompensed by its certainty, and little or no deductions; some being paid every week, others every month punctually.  
His Interest is Spanish, loves the English, and has a 
Interest.  perfect aversion for the French, as all Wise men naturally have.   

PISTOIA Is not now considerable. 
Pistoia.    

LUCCA, Is a pretty Town near as good as Florence, 
Lucca.  paved and built much after the same manner; the Fortifications very regular, faced with Brick; the Rampart exceeding large, set with Trees, like Antwerp, and like it stands clear from Houses, and in a flat, but Mountains at some distance on every side: The Churches are least considerable, but in the Augustins they show a Hole, where an Unbeliever was sucked in alive, for throwing stones at the Virgin; and in another lies Buried Richard King of England, who died in his Pilgrimage.  
They have four or five little Towns more in their 
Strength.  whole State; and 'tis said, they may raise in their small Territories 15000. Men.  
'Tis Governed by a great Counsel of Citizens which 
Government.  are changed every year, and a Confaloniero, as most of the other Cities in Italy have.  
The constant Revenue of this little Republic, is 
Revenue.  esteemed to he near 200000. Crowns a year.   

PISA, An ancient Town, stands in a Marshy place, 
Pisa.  has a good River runs through part of it, and an Aquaduet upon Arches, that brings water from Mountains four miles distant, and has nothing else remarkable, except the Camposanto be, which is made of Holy Earth brought from Jerusalem in 50. Galleys.   

LEGORNE Next to Florence, the most considerable 
Legorne.  in the G. Duke's State, is excellently fortified both to Land and Sea, where it has a Mole of greater length than Genoa, and by it the fine Statue of Ferdinand the First, with four Slaves in Brass at his feet: Being a free Port, 'tis filled with Strangers, of which the Jews are not a less number than 5000; of English Merchants Families there are about ten; as many of Hollanders, but many more French of all sorts.  
'Tis the Magazine of the straits, and has a good 
Trade.  Trade, particularly with England, who carry thither Cloth, Led, Tin, Iron, Spices, and Herrings; the only Commodities to be had there, is Silk, Wine and Oil.  
It has two Governors, the one Military, the other 
Government.  Civil; the first is General Borri, the latter Marchese Medici: His Highness constantly keeps four Galleys, esteemed the best in the Mediterranean, and several little Ships Crusing against the Turks.  
SIENNA Is very near as large and beautiful as 
Sienna.  Florence, the Streets neatly paved with a sort of little Bricks set edge ways, and being built on a rising ground, are always clean; the Piazza is very spacious, and the Domo is a very noble Church, all of white and black Marble both within and without; the Floor In-laid in Historical Figures, by extraordinary Masters; the Roof Azure, sprinkled with little Stars of Gold; the Library by the side of it curiously painted in Fresco, by Pietro Perugino: 'Tis one of the best Towns of the G. Duke's State, and speaks the best Italian of all Italy.   

MONTEFIASCONE, Is remarkable for the Tomb 
Montefiascone.  of the Drunken Germane Bishop, who killed himself here, with drinking this excellent Wine, and has therefore this Epitaph writ by his Man, who had Orders to mark the doors as he went with Est three times, where he found the best,  
Est est est propter nimium est  
Dominus meus mortuus est.  
In this Country the Duke of Parma has a fine House, 
Caprarola.  Scituate on the side of a Hill, which gives it a Prospect of Rome, though 40. miles distant.   

VITERBO, Is a pretty little Town with many Fountains 
Viterbo.  in it; from thence (in the Summertime) to Rome, the Air is esteemed Unhealthful.   

ROME, As in other things, in its Situation, excels 
Rome.  all other Cities, having so many agreeable Hills in and about it, that whether pursuing pleasure, or busisiness, a Man has several times, every day, the prospect of this fine Town and Country: The Figure of it is almost round, the River Tiber running through it, and five Rivulets, or great branches more of water by Aqueducts brought to it, which supplies such a number of Marble Fountains, that there is no Street nor Court where they do not run perpetually; and so many and admirable are the Churches, Palaces, and Gardens, that 'tis impossible (at least for me) exactly to describe them.   

S. GIO. LATERANO, Of which the Pope is 
S. Gio. Laterano.  Bishop, and therefore has the Precedency of all other Churches; is very large and beautiful, stands upon Monte Celio, one of the seven Hills; was first built by Constantine the Great, and was formerly the place of the Pope's Residence; the Roof is richly Gilded, has much good Painting, the Pillars to the side-Altars very fine and uniform, and so is the great Tabernacle; in which is shut the wooden Altar, St. Peter and his Successors, in time of Persecution, carried about with them to say Mass at; and therefore is so Sacred, that none but his Holiness himself can Celebrate at it; and to make it more estimable, there is also the Heads of St. Peter and St. Paul, which are shown upon Festivals; the Altar of the Sacrament is also very remarkable, having a Tabernacle of rare polished Stones, and four Brass gilded Pillars that anciently were Satur's; it has the name from the Table it includes, on which our Saviour eat the last Paschal Lamb, being for certain the very same; besides divers other most precious Relics, as the Smock and hair of the B. Virgin, something of the like nature of Mary Magdalen; the Cloth with which our Saviour wiped the Disciples Feet; the Water and Blood that came out of His Side; some of the Barley-bread He multiplied; a Shoulder of St. Laurence; a Tooth of St. Peter, etc. In the Cloister, the pierced Porphry Chair, on which the Pope is set amongst other Ceremonies at his Creation: The Tomb of Cardinal Respone, who being yet alive, has erected it with this fancy, Death holding his Grave-stone, and Time carrying his Coffin: In the Porch is the Statue in Brass of Henry the 4th. of France, who restored or gave them part of their Revenue: In the great Piazza, before it, stands the tall Obelisk of 100 foot high, with Hierogliphics on it, brought from the Circus Maximus.   

BAPTISTERY of CONSTANTINE, Joyns 
Baptistery of Constantine.  in a manner to this Church, wherein that Emperor was Christened; 'tis round, the Well or Font railed about with Marble; the Canopy or Tabernacle over it, supported with noble Porphry Pillars, and the Roof painted with the History of his Conversion, Conquests, etc.   

SCALA SANTA, Is a Building on purpose for the Holy Stairs which our Saviour went up 
Scala Santa.  to Pilate, and some can see the very drops of Blood and Tears still upon them He then shed, which little Grates protect: 'Tis a very fair white Marble Staircase, and has on each hand others to return down upon, when they have gone up that upon their knees; at the top of it is a little Chapel, called the Sancta Sanctorum, there being Christ's Picture that was made by an Angel, and formerly his Prepuce, or Foreskin, which now Hallows another place.   

S. PETER, Is the second Church in esteem in Rome, 
St. Peter.  and first in the World for Beauty and Architecture, infinitely surpassing in both, either the Temple of Solomon, or that of Diana at Ephesus, and to Bramante and Mich. Angelo is attributed the glory of it, but principally to the last: The outside is of Freestone, the Frontispiece supported with vast Pillars; over which is a row of Balconies or Pavilions, where the Pope is Crowned; and from thence (on several Festivals) Blesses and Curses; on the top of all is our Saviour and his Twelve Apostles, Statues of ten foot long; and below them, upon the Balustres of the two Stately Porticoes (that enclose the great Piazza, in form of an Ampki-Theatre) stand an Army of Saints; in the middle, the Guglias of 100 foot long, Dedicated to Augustus; and on each side a great Fountain: The approaches to it is up 24. Marble steps; the entrance at 5. Doors, whereof one is Holy, the two middlemost covered with Brass in Historical Figures: The Porch is 289. foot long, and 44. broad; the Roof gilded, and Floor paved with wit Marble; and at one end of it, the Statue of Constantine on Horseback, by Bernino; the Church itself 520. foot in length, and 380. foot broad; the top of it divided into little gilded squares, with a Rose in each; the Pavement inlaid Marble; the walls and sides of the Pillars (except the very middle) crusted with the same, well polished, adorned with many little white Figures of Angels, the moral Virtues, fine Tombs, Altars, Chapels, etc. The Cupola is very large, being 170. paces in compass, lined with Mosaic work that describes Heaven, supported by four great Pillars, in which are the Statues in Niches of Veronica, St. Helen, Andrew, and Longinus, all Gigaintick, and the last of Bernino's hand; under it stands the high Altar, whose four famous Brass Serpentine-Pillars were likewise made by him, which without the Canopy, weigh 100000. pound: 'Tis a very noble thing, but not sufficient to excuse the Sacrilege of robbing the Pantheon for it; before this Altar is a Vault railed and hung about with Silver Lamps; and in it lies half St. Peter and St. Paul; at the further end of all is S. Peter's old Wooden Chair locked up in a brass case, exposed only on its Feast-days, supported by the four Doctors of the Church, of the same Metal gilt, by rare Bernino's hand; and over it an Host of Angels, with a Glory Artificially made of yellow horn; and in the midst of it, the Holy Ghost upon wing, hover; on each side are the Tombs of Urban the 8th. and Paul the 3 d. and under the latter, lies the fine white Marble Statue of Youth, which for being Ravished by a Spaniard, wears now a Drapery of brass: On the side of the Church, not far from the great Altar, under a Canopy of State, in a sitting posture is the brazen Statue of Jupiter, that stood anciently in his Temple, and now has the good fortune to represent St. Peter, and be as much Worshipped as ever, none passing but kiss and put their heads under his feet, not even the Cardinals, his hand lifted up that seemed to throw the Thunder, now is supposed to bless, and the other makes a shift to hold the Keys: The most considerable Relics are the Spear that Wounded Christ's Side, the Handkerchief He wiped his Face with; a piece of the Holy Cross, some of the Hay that He lay on in the Manger; the great Pinces' or Plyers, with which they took the Primitive Saints in pieces; the Head of Thomas Becket of Canterbury, with as many Arms, Legs, Ribs, etc. as would Rebuild him at the Resurrection. The Church is Vaulted underneath, wherein are the Tombs of divers Cardinals and Popes, and amongst them, that of Adrian the 4th. an Englishman: The maintenance for this Fabric is about 20000. l. Sterling, annually.   

S. PAOLO Was Built by Constantine, is 120. paces 
S. Paolo.  long, and 80. broad; the round marble Pillars which are about 100 were taken from Antoninus his Baths; it is one of the four Churches that have Holy Doors; and under the high Altar lies the other half of the bodies of St. Peter and St. Paul: The Chapel of the Sacrament is very fine, but the Eloquent Crucifix that talked with St. Bridget, is of all other things most wonderful; the considerable Relics are St. Paul's Chain, the Head of the Samaritan, an Arm of St. Ann, a Finger of St. Nicholas, etc. The doors of brass in History.   

Sta. MARIA MAGIORE,. Stands upon Monte Esquilino, 
S a. Maria Magiore.  is the fourth Church that has Holy Doors; the Pillars of the Portico, and within, are all of Porphry, of one entire piece; the Roof gilded; on each side of it two neat Chapels, that cost near two millions of Crowns, of Sixtus Quintus and Paulus Quintus; in the first is kept our Saviour's Cribb, enclosed in Silver, and in the other, the Picture of the Virgin, made by St. Luke, which a 1000 years ago (being carried about) slopped a great Plague; but the fine Statues, Jasper Pillars, and Painting of the Cupola, by Guido Rheni, are nevertheless of much more value: Before the great entrance into this Church, stands the tall white Marble Corinthian Pillar, of the Temple of peace, with the B. Virgin in Brass, gilded upon it; and at the other end, an Obelisk with Hieroglyphics, which part fronting to the City, is Rebuilt and Beautified by this present Pope Clement. It has Relics enough to fill a Charnel House, not only of Saints themselves, but of their Companions, and amongst the most precious, some of the Vesture of Thomas Becket of Canterbury.   

S. LORENZO, Built by Constantine, has a piece of the Grate, and the entire Stone, upon which S. Lautence 
S. Lorenzo.  was Brotld, set in Crystal; before which, whoever Prays, frees a Soul out of Purgatory: It has also one of the Stones that was thrown at St. Stephen, which are the greatest Rarities to be observed in this Church, which I mention, because one of the seven.   

S. SEBASTIANO, One of the Seven Churches also, 
S. Sebastiano.  is famous for the Calacumes under it, wherein are Buried in the Walls, 274000. Christians that were Persecuted and Martyred by the Roman Emperors: The place being a Meander of several Miles, they there met with security to exercise their Religion; the several wind were occasioned by their digging of Earth thence, to mix with their Mortar, etc. for the Building of Rome. This Church has also a pretty quantity of Relics; the body of its Patron, and his Figure in a dying posture, by Bernino's hand; but the principal is the Stone on which Christ stood in the Highway, when he appeared to S. Peter in the place where now is the Chapel Domine quo vadis, and left the print of his Feet upon it.   

Sta. GROCE. in GIERUSALEMME Is Built likewise 
S. Croce in Gierusalemme.  by Constantine, in the place, and out of the Ruins of Venus her Temple, of which a good part still remains. Is the 7th. Church, and has its name by reason of the Holy Earth, brought from Gerusalemme; upon which stands a Chapel, into which no Woman is to enter, quite contrary to its former Dedication: The Relics here are extraordinary, having a Vessel of the Blood of our Saviour, one of the Nails and Title of his Cross, one of the Pence he was sold for, the Sponge that he had with Vinegar; St. Thomas his Finger that touched his Side, etc. The Picture at the High Altar of Rubens painting.   

MADONNA del POPOLO Has the greatest 
Modonna del Popolo.  privileges, next to the aforesaid seven Churches, and several fine Ornaments and Statues, as those of Daniel and Habakkuck, by Bernino; that of Ionas by Raphael Urbino, much esteemed, being the only Statue he ever made; the fine Chapel of Chigi, etc. of his Architecture too. In the high Altar is preserved the Navel of our Saviour, some Milk and Attire of the Virgin, some Dust of St. John Baptist, etc. and in the place where it now stands, was formerly Nero's Urn, which was the occasion of Building this Church, as all the Pope's Bulls and Indulgences granted it do testify, Nero's ashes had perpetually a crew of roaring Devils about them which were so mischievous, that they lamed and suffocated all people that passed near the place, which obliged Pope Paschal to order a three days Fast; and upon the third night, the Virgin came her own self to his Bedside, and bid him throw Nero's Urn into the Tiber, and build her a Church in the place, which the next day, in a solemn procession of all the Cardinals was performed, the Pope laying the first Stone of the Foundation, which set all the Devils on howling, and put them to flight: Before it stands another Obelisk with Herogliphicks on it, and in it is also the famous picture of the Madonna, made by St. Luke.   

TRE FONTANE, Is a pretty Church, wherein are 
Tre Fontane.  three Fountains made by St. Paul's Head, leaping there 3. times after it was cut off, and three stone heads to show the places exactly; there is also one of the Pillars, upon which he was Executed, and a Picture of St. Peter's Crucifixtion, by Guido Rheni: Close by this Church are two others, under the one of them, ten thousand Martyrs lie that Dioclesian caused at once to be slain in that place, after they had finished the Fabric of his Baths; and in the other is the Head of Anastasius, which the whole Council of Nice affirm can do Miracles, as cast out Devils, cure the Sick, etc. and for this reason, this place is the most holy after the seven Churches aforesaid.   

S. BARTOLOMEI stands in the place of 
S. Bartolomei.  Esculapius; his Temple has the Tabernacle supported by 4● fine Porphry Pillars, some Chapels, etc. painted by Carraccio: The Island where it is, made by Corn, the Rabble threw into the River, in the time of the ancient Romans.   

S. ONOFRIO: In this Church is the Tomb of 
S. Onofrio.  Torquato Tasso, and in the Cloister, the Chamber where he died, with some of his Furniture and Manuscripts: Here is good paintings of Bald●ssar di Sienna and Hannibal Carraccio; and from hence is an incomparable prospect of Rome.   

S. PIETRO in MONTORIO, The place where 
S. Pietro in Montorio.  St. Peter was Crucified is a neat Chapel set about on the outside with Pillars, and in it his Statue: In the Church is the Transfiguration of our Saviour, by Raphael, said to be the best he ever made.   

S. MARIA in TRASTEVERE A pretty Church, 
S. Maria in Trastevere.  the first that was built in Rome, has a fine Piazza before it, the Roof richly gilded, supported with marble Pillars, the Tabernacle with Porphry; stands on the very same ground that formerly did the Taberna meritoria, where the lame Soldiers were relieved, and where the Fountain of Oil, as they say, did miraculously foretell Christ's Unction, as the present Inscription.  

Dum tenet emeritus miles sum magna Taberna  
Sed dum virgo tenet me major nuncupor & sum:  
Tunc oleum fluo fignans magnificam pietatem  
Christi Nascentis, nunc trado petentibus ipsam.   
S. FRANCISCO in RIPA GRANDE: Is the 
S. Francisco in Ripa grande.  place where all the Boats and Merchandise Arrives, that comes to Rome, and formerly the abode of great S. Francis; in this Church the Piety is by Ca●a●●co.   

S. MARIA del CARMINE: Has the E●●● richly 
S. Maria del Carmine.  gilded, the Pillars entire, of reddish Marble, the Tabernacle supported by four graind, and coloured like excellent wood.   

S. GRISOGONO Is a pretty Church, in which 
S. Grisogono.  lies Robert Archbishop of York, and Cardinal of this place; the Pillars of the high Altar of a Stone different from all I have seen.   

S. MARIA del HORTO, Has a good Front, and 
S. Maria del Horto.  Pictures to the Altars of good hands, stands in the ground given to Mutius Scevola for a reward of his incredible courage.   

S. CECILLIA, Is a Church that was formerly her House, and under the high Altar lies her Effigies in 
S. Cecillia.  white Marble, with many Lamps burning about it; at the entrance is seen divers ancient Statues yet entire; there also lies the body of an English Cardinal.   

S. SPIRITO, Is an Hospital of great Revenue, wherein 
S. Spirito.  there is two Churches; and that of S ta. Tecla only for the Women: In the Summer there is seldom fewer than 700. sick people, 300. Girls, 1000 little Children in the Nurse's arms, and 100 little Boys which go in blue Coats: The Sacristy is very fine, both as to its Building and Plate, of which they have a great quantity, besides Relics of greater value, as three Fingers of St. Paul, etc. The occasion of Building this Hospital, and giving it this Name, was, that Innocent the 3 d. heard a voice that bid him rise, and go and Fish; and casting a Net accordingly into the Tiber, he catcht 400. Children, and being amazed at such a draught, prayed for Illumination, and presently a Model of this House was shown him.   

In S. GIACOMO SCOSSA CAVALLI, 
S. Giacomo Scossa Cavalli.  are the Stones whereon our Saviour was placed the day of his Circumcision, and that on which Abraham would have Sacrificed Isaac; they were a ●oken from St. Helen to the Pope, and should have been put into St. Peter's, but the Stones would go no further than to this place, nor the Horses carry them, and were therefore forced to build this Church on purpose: This Truth is expressed in the very name as well as attested by all Catholics.   

S. MARIA TRANSPONTINA Is a very neat 
S. Maria Transpontina.  Church, and has a fine new Tabernacle: In it are the Pillars, at which St. Peter and St. Paul were publicly scourged, being the same that served other Malefactors, and stood in the Foro Romano.   

S. ANGELO, Is a little Church Dedicate to the Angel, 
S. Angelo.  Pope Gregory imagined he saw sheathing of his Sword when the Plague ceased.   

S. ATANASIO, Is a Church of very good Architecture, 
S. Atanasio.  with a Celledge near it for instruction of the Grecians, who have the Jesuits for their Masters, and as they are ripe, are sent into their own Country.   

S. TRINITA del MONTE, Is a handsome Church 
S. Trinita deal Monte.  and Convent of French, which has many Ornaments, besides paintings of Daniel de Volterra, Z●●ch●●o, and original Pictures of their French King, etc. Their Garden also is very pleasant, from this place there being an admirable prospect of Rome.   

S. CARLO in CORSO, Is a very fair Church with 
S. Carlo in Corso.  fine Altars, but most remarkable for its Saints, none but Mistresses, and such as want them, frequenting it, of which it has every Holy day a very great Congregation.  
S. GIACOMO de gl INCURABILE: Is a Church 
St. Giacomo de gl Incurabili.  and Hospital for such only as are not curable: At one end of it is an Octangular Chapel, very pretty, with divers Ornaments Bassorilieno, etc.   

S. ROCCO, Has two Hospitals belongs to it, one 
S. Rocco.  for Men, another for Women; and in the Church is a neat Marble Chappel.   

S. AMBROGIO, A Little Church, has also an Hospital 
S. Ambrogio.  for the Lombard's; the Picture at the high Altar by Tadeo Zuccaro.   

S. GIRALOMO de gli SCHIAVONI, A Titular 
S. Giralomo.  amongst the 70. to the Cardinals, is peculiar to the Sclavonians, and has a good facciata.   

S. LORENZO in LUCINA, Built on the Ruin of 
S. Lorenzo in Lucina.  a Temple to Diana, has therefore that name; in it every Saturday night is Music, and a Sermon in praise of the Virgin.   

S. SILVESTRO, Has in it the miraculous picture 
S. Silvestro.  Christ made of himself, and sent to the King of Soria, Abagarus, and here also is the head of St. John Baptist.   

S. ANDREA del FRATE, Now repairing, formerly 
S. Andrea del Frate.  belonged to the Scotch Friars.   

S. GIROLAMO della CARITA, Is a Church and 
S. Girolama della Carita.  Society of Priests which live in Community upon their own expenses.   

S. MARIA in VIA, The Title of Cardinal Bellarmine, 
S. Maria in Via.  repaired by him; is one of the most Sacred Churches in Rome, and built on this occasion: In a Well by Cardinal Cap●cci's Stable, was by accident fallen, or thrown in, the Picture of the Virgin, which though very deep, yet the Water swelled to that Degree, that (in the Night) they lifted it out again, and carried it into the aforesaid Stable, where the Grooms found it floating, and the Cardinal their Master showing it with great Reverence to Pope Innocent the 4th. he ordered the Building of this Church; the Well yet remains, and is made more worthy the People's Devotion, by having added to it that very same piece of the Well whereon our Saviour sat when he talked with the Samaritan.   

S. APOSTOLI, Dedicated to the 12. Apostles, Built 
S. Apostoli.  by Constantine; in it is a Marble Statue, said to be made by Mich. Angelo.   

S. MARIA in VIALATA, Is built on the Ruins of 
S. Maria in Vialata.  the Tryumphal Arch of Gordian; the Front of it very noble, upon Pillars, over one another, the Portico open, with tall Iron Rails, the Faciata, the Architecture of Pietro di Cortona: In it is the Oratory of St. Luke, where he writ the Acts of the Apostles, and another Picture of the Virgin, made by him, which does as great Miracles as the rest of his Paintings.   

S. MARCELLO, In which is the Chapel of the 
S. Marcello.  Crucifix, which being carried in procession, caused a great Plague to cease: In this Church also, besides many other Relics, is the Body of the Soldier that pierced our Saviour's Side: The Pulpit is very pretty, being white Marble, supported by an Angel sitting on a blue Globe spangled with Stars, made by Bernino: 'Tis built in the place, and on the Ruins of the Temple of Iside, an Egyptian Goddess.   

S. MARCO, Is a little Church where that Evangelist 
S. Marco.  lies Buried, and where he was Consecrated Priest, and made Pope too.   

S. MARIA di LORETO, Is a very neat Church, built round, with a noble Cupola, adorned with divers 
S. Maria di Loreto.  paintings of Zuccaro, etc.  
S. QUIRICO, Cast out Devils out of the Daughter 
S. Quirico.  of Diocle●ian, and in reward, had a House given him, where now stands thy Church.   

MADONNA de'MONTI, Is the Architecture of 
Madonna de Monti.  G●●●●m ●●ll● Porta, built on this occasion, her● being once ● Convent, they h●d left on an old Wall the picture of the Virgin▪ against which was laid a Dunghill, & c. ●nd she being disgusted, to be so affronted by extraordinary Miracles, made herself be taken notice of, to that degree, that the People in General Clubbed to the building of her this Church, which now their Charity maintains, and as a perpetual mark of their Devotion, every year offer her a Chalice and four wax Tapers.   

IL GIESU Is the Jesuits Church, a Majestic 
Il Giesu.  Building, designed by Vignola, their Sacristy so rich, that as they confess themselves 'tis worth 25000. l. Sterl. and their Hang for it of so great value, that they cannot tell which is worth most, them or their Plate: Under the high Altar lies St. Ignatius their Founder, and by him the great Bellarmine.   

S. MARIA SOPRA MINERVA Is built upon the 
S. Maria Sopra Mineva.  Ruins of Minerva's Temple, which was erected there by Pompey; it has Statues and divers Pictures by famous Masters in its Chapels, particularly, one of our Saviour, by Mich. Angelo; before it stands a short Guglia, with Herogliphicks, mounted on an Elephant: The Society of this Church (five times a year) give Portions to young Girls that want Fortunes, a Charity his Holiness takes such pleasure in, that he oft comes himself to see the Procession, and suffers them one by one to kiss his Feet.   

S. IGNATIO LOIOLA Is a noble Structure adjoining, 
S. Ignatio Loiola.  and for the use of the Roman College, but is not yet quite finished.  
S. FRANCISCO SAVERIO Is a little Church 
S. Francisco Saverio.  belonging to the former, wherein the Jesuits exhort Sinners to lash themselves, and the Candles being put out, they wisely follow their advice, and scourge their naked backs, or what other part they please with knotted Whip-cords, which the Charitable Fathers always supply them with, let the number be never so great.   

COLEGIO ROMANO Is a magnificent Building, 
Colegio Romano.  the Windows, Cornice, and Ornaments of the Doors, Marble; within the Court, it has noble Porticoes, great Rooms, and amongst them the Gallery of Father Kirker, full of Curiosities, and above all, two Basilisks, or Creatures exactly like their Description, a Sheckle of Silver with an Hebrew Inscription, and Manna falling into a Cup engraven upon it; the Anatomy of a Child three months old, which was Christened; several sorts of Clocks and Mathematical experiments, and the fine Figure of a Boy catching a Grass-hopper, by Bernino: The Fathers of this College are 140. Jesuits, which instruct and discipline 2000 Youths, of which few or none are lodged by them: To teach them to Preach, they are sent upon holidays to all parts of the City, where like our Quakers, they get upon Bulks, or some high place, and Bawl for an hour or two to the Rabble about them.   

S. BARTOLOMEO e S. ALLESSANDRO de 
S. Bartolomeo e S. Allessandro de Bergamaschi.  BERGAMASCHI Is a little Church Dedicate also to a third Saint, Maccute, an English Bishop that lived 1100. years ago; and the place where it stands is called after his name: The painting in Fresco is by Polydore.   

S. MARIA ROTONDA, Formerly Pantheon, 
S. Maria Rotonda.  Dedicate to the Mother of the Gods, and all the Gods, but now varied to the Mother of God; and all the Gods, or Saints, and because in the Heathens time, it was full of Idols, that it might not now be altogether without Furniture, Pope Boniface the 4th. carried into it 28. Cart loads of bodies he took out of several Churchyards, and made Holy: But which is more Ornament to it, there is Buried famous Raphael Urbino, with this Distich under his Effigies, by Bembo,  
Ille hic est Raphael timuit quo sospite vinci,  
Rerum magna parens, & moriente Mori.  
The cover of this admirable Structure being of Corinthian Brass, Pope Urban the 8th. took it away to make Cannons of it, and for some other uses, a thing, that all the Barbarous Nations that had sacked Rome, never touched; its Dedication, making it to all People and Religious Sacred, except the Catholic: Before this Church is a square Piazza.   

S. MARIA MADDALENA Is a Church with a 
S. Maria Maddalena.  neat front.   

GLI ORFANELLI Is a Church of the Architecture 
Gli Orfanelli.  of Volterra, joining to it, a College for Orphans.   

S. EUSTACHIO Was Built by Constantine; the 
S. Eustachio.  S. Peter in Fresco by Perino Vaga.   

S. LUIGI de'FRANCESI Was built by Lewis 
S. Luigi de Francesi:  the 9th. the Architecture of the Front Giacomo della Porta; the Pictures are of Caravaggio, Bassano, etc.   

S. AGOSTINO, Where there is another Picture 
S. Agostino.  of our Lady, supposed to be made by St. Luke; most certain, it did stop a great Plague, being carried in Procession by Innocent the 8th. Here is also a Picture of Raphael's, and a Statue of St. Ann, by Sansovinus, that are mightily esteemed, besides others by Volterra, Caravaggio, and the Fresco by Polydore.  
S a. AGNESE Is the Architecture of Borromino; 
Sa. Agnese.  a Church not large but most Majestic, having a Cupola and a Steeple ala moderna on each side of it; within, adorned with Marbles, Bassirilevi, etc. 'Twas built, and in this very place, because S a. Agnese was brought hither to be Ravished, it being then a place for all Manner of sports, but had her Virginity miraculously preserved by her Guardian Angel.   

S. ANTONIO de'PORTUGHESI Is a Church 
S. Antonio de Portughesi.  and Hospital peculiar to that Nation, of which the Ambassador is always the Head or Chief.   

S. APOLINARE Is a Church wherein there is most 
S. Apolinare  excellent Music, and belonging to it, a College of Germans founded upon occasion of Martin Luther's Heresy.   

S. GIACOMO de'SPAGNUOLI Is a Church and 
S. Graiomo de Spagnu. oily.  Hospital for none but Spaniards; in it is a Picture by Annibal Carraccio, Sansovinus, with some Sculpture, by Bernino.   

S. MARIA del'ANIME Is a Church and Hospital 
S Maria del Anime.  for the Flemings: In the Chapels are Paintings of Baldassere da Sienna, di Giulio Romano, etc. and on the great Altar, about the Picture of the Madonna, Souls painted by the life, adoring her.   

S. MARIA della PACE Has not only a fine front, 
S. Maria della Pace.  but is admirably adorned within, being full of Paintings and Statues of great Masters: The Sibyls and Prophets in the Chapel of Chigi, being the work of Raphael Urbino, and the Statues of St. Peter and St. Paul, of Mich. Angelo: The occasion of building this Church was, that under the Po●●●co of a Former in this place, called S. Andrea, stood the Picture of our Lady, at which an enraged Gamester throwing Stones, and making her bleed in several places, as is yet plainly to be seen; this Image was held in greater Veneration than any, and Sixtus the 4th. praying to it, offered the Virgi to Build her a new Church here to herself if she would cease the Wars then in Italy, which accordingly succeeding, he performed his promise.   

CHIESA NUOVA Is a very neat Church, the Roof 
Chiesa Nuova.  gilded and painted by Pietro di Cortona, with several other Pictures on the Altars of Carravaggio, Guido Rheni, Rubens, etc. Adjoining to it is the Oratory wherein every Festival is admirable Music: In this Church likewise, the Virgin's Picture being wounded by a Blasphemer, did bleed abundantly.   

S. MARTINO del MONTE, Is a neat Church, 
S. Martino deal Monte.  where the Pillars and Pedestals are all of new Marble, the Roof gilded and deserves to be of the first Rate.   

SPEDALE de'VECCHI, Is something like Suttons 
Spedale de Vecchi. S. Gio Battista de Fiorentini.  Hospital, where 400. Old men Eat in good Order.   

S. GIO BATTISTA de'FIORENTINI. Is the Architecture of Mich. Angelo, and would have been like the Rotonda according to his Model that they show, but the expense proving too great, 'twas changed and finished by Giacomo della Porta; it belongs to the Florentines who have built an Hospital by it for their Countrymen.   

S. BRIGIDA Is a little Church and Hospital for the Swedes, the Picture of our Lady, by Hannibal 
S. Brigida.  Carraccio: This Saint is very remarkable, because our Lady at seven years old appeared to her, and put a Crown upon her head, and at ten our Saviour himself made her a visit.   

S. TOMASO degl INGLESE Is a Church and 
S. Tomaso degi Inglese  College for Education of English Jesuits, Dedicated to Thomas Becket, founded by a Rich English man for an Hospital, and afterwards made a Seminary for the good of this Kingdom, by Gregory the 13th. On this Saint's day, every year, all the English in Rome are treated by them.   

S. MARIA di MONSERRATO Has a good 
S. Maria di Monserrato  Front, an Hospital by it, both belonging to the Spaniards.   

S. LORENZO in DAMASO Is built on the 
S. Lorenzo in Damaso.  Ruins of Pompey's Amphitheatre; the Roof gilded, the Pictures by Zuccaro di Vecchi, and Pietro di Cortona; the Fresco by Giuseppe and Pomerancio: In this Church (three times a week) are also Exhortations to discipline their naked backs with knotted Whip-cords.   

TRINITA di PONTE SISTO Is a Church and 
Trinita di Ponte Sisto.  Hospital that entertains Pilgrims, and such as are recovering, discharged from other Hospitals; of the former, in the holy years, they have very great numbers, for most of which they provide Meat and Lodging for three days, the Cardinals, Prelates, and sometimes Popes themselves, washing their Feet and serving them at Table: The last holy year but this, according to their Books, they received four hundred and forty four thousand and five hundred Men, and five and twenty thousand and five hundred Women; in which crowd, they believe Angels do sometimes come disguised, and under the Pilgrim's leather Gorget conceal their Wings; there is also here once a week a Sermon to the Jews, which they are obliged to come and hear: The Picture at the Altar is by Guido Rheni.   

S. MARIA del PIANTO Is so called because the 
S. Maria del Pianto.  Image of our Lady on the Walls of the Church wept to see two men quarrel, and the one kill the other in her presence; which Picture is with great reverence now kept within the Church, gives a name and badge to the Order, and procured Alms large enough to Rebuild it.   

S. CARLO de'CATENARI Is a well-built Church, 
S. Carlo de Catenari.  the Front very fine, the painting in it of Domenichini, Lanfranco, Andrea del Sarto, etc. Here likewise, every Friday-night, People are invited to lash themselves.   

S. ANDREA della VALLE Is one of the finest 
S. Andrea della Valle.  Churches in Rome; within, large and Majestic, built upon the Ruins of Pompey's Theatre, has several neat Chapels, that of Strozzi, the Architecture of Mich. Angelo; the Painting by Lanfranco, and Domenichini.   

S. STANISLAO, Is a little Church and Hospital, 
S. Stanislao.  built by, and only for the use of the Polacks.   

S. MARIA in PORTICO Is built in the place 
S. Maria in Portico.  of Mars his Temple, where the ancient Romans held their Counsels of War, and on the occasion of the Virgins sending Pope John the first her Picture, very richly set, made in Heaven, and brought by two glorious Angels, which being afterwards Stolen (in the time of Clement the 7th. by Bourbons Soldiers) and carried into Spain, came back of itself, and when Paul the 2 d. committed a Rape upon her, and locked her in his private Chapel, she then also escaped to this her own Church: Leo the 10th. desiring Victory against the Turks, had this Image carried in Procession and devoutly barefoot followed it with all his Cardinals; the same did Paul the 3 d. and in the same manner was the Plague stopped, 1656. for which last favour she had this new Habitation made her, and a perpetual Feast on the 17th. of July, the day of this Pictures Apparition.  
S. CATERINA de'FUNARI, A neat Church 
S. Caterina de'Funari.  and Cloister for Nuns, wherein is also provision apart for such Women, as by Poverty or Discord forsake their Husbands; there are Paintings of Zuccaro, Annibal Carraccio, etc.   

S. ANGELO in PESCARIA, Built, and so called, 
S. Angelo in Pescaria.  upon occasion of St. Michael the Archangels appearing in this place: The Chapel of St. Andrew is very pretty; the Paintings of Sacconi, Carracico's Scholar.   

S. GIO DECOLLATO, Is a pretty little Church, 
S. Gio Decollato.  in which there are several Pictures of great Masters: The charge of these Fathers, is, to take care of the Souls of Malefactors that die, whom they also Bury.   

S. MARIA EGITTIACA Is a little Church and 
S. Maria Egittiaca.  College for the Armenians: In it is Built the exact Figure of Christ's Sepulchre in Jerusalem; 'twas anciently a Temple to Jupiter and the Sun.   

SCUOLA GRECA, Is an ancient Church, where 
Sevola Greca.  they show an old marble Head, called Bocca della Verita, which some would have to have served for the utterance of an Oracle, but has rather been an Ornament for a Sink or Common-shore.   

S. MADALLENA all CORSO, I sa Church and 
S. Maddalena all Corso.  Monastery for neglected Whores; to which, besides other Alms was given by Clement the 7th. the fifth part of all other Whores Estates, (whether public or private at their Deaths) else if detected, they were not capable of making Wills.   

S. SABINA Upon Monte Aventino, Is in the very 
S. Sabina.  same place, where anciently stood Diana's Temple: In this Church the great Patriach S. Dominick used to pray, and vexed the Devil so, that he threw a black Stone at him of the size and figure of a Holland Cheese, which in the body of the Church is now Chained to a Pedistal, together with the relation in Print.   

S. ALLESSIO, Is built on the Ruins of Hercules his 
S. Allessio.  Temple, who had it Dedicate for having here killed Caeus that had his Den near this place: In the Church is most devoutly kept a little Staircase, under which St. Allexius lived 17. years in his Father's House, desiring to be private: There is also his Statue which spoke to St. Alleria.   

S. MARIA nel AVENTINO, Is the place where anciently 
S. Maria nel Aventino.  was the Temple of the Buona Dea, into which, none but Women were to enter, and yet Cezar, was made a Cuckold there.  
In S. SABA, are the marble Tombs of Vespasian 
S. Saba.  and Titus.   

S. BALBINA, Is the Title of a Cardinal, and founded 
S. Balbina.  by St. Mark himself.   

S. NEREO ed ACCHILLEO, Built on the Ruins of 
S. Nereo ed Acchilleo.  the Temple of Iside; the Picture of Flavia, is by Cav re Pomerancio..   

S. SISTO, Was formerly the Temple of Mars, which 
S. Sisto.  S. Sisto made to tumble down by a Battery of Prayers, and had it afterwards Dedicate to himself: In the same place S. Dominick did ouce Inhabit, exercising the Office both of Abbess and Confessor to a Convent of Nuns; during which time ('tis said) he did raise three men from the dead (or gave them a Being.) Here likewise is another Picture of the Virgin, made by St. Luke.   

S. GIOVANNI a PORTA LATINA, A little 
S. Giovanni a Porta Latina.  Church where St. John was boiled in Oil; was anciently a Temple to Diana, as is to be seen by the Figures on the Wall of one on Horseback, a Dog and a Clown running before him.  
MARONITES Is a little Church and College, 
Maronites.  wherein they say Mass in their own Arabic Language.   

ARACELI, So called from an Altar in it, Dedicate 
Araceli.  by Augustus in these words, Ara primo geniti Dei, which is now adorned with Marble Pillars, etc. 'Twas anciantly the great Temple of Jupiter, standing on part of the Capital Hill, and the ascent to it by above 100 white marble Steps; 'tis large, the Roof Gilded, and near the Door, on one of the Pillars, is A Cubiculo Augusforum: Here also is a Picture of our Lady by St. Luke: The Chapel near the high Altar is Painting, by Cau re Giuseppe..   

S. GIUSEPPE de FALEGNAMI, Is a little 
S. Giuseppe de Falegnami.  Church, Built by the Carpenters, and peculiar to them; under it is the Prison, wherein St. Peter and St. Paul were kept nine months, the Pillars to which they were Chained; and in the Wall is the print of St. Peter's Face, when he stumbled and ran his Nose against it, being so great a dint, that with two or three such knocks more he might have got that way out of Prison: In the midst of it, is a little dirty Spring which (they say) he commanded to appear when he wanted water to christian the Gaoler.   

S. LUCA Is Built upon the Ruins of the Temple 
S. Luca.  of Mars, now belonging to the Painters, and will be a very neat Church when finished: The Picture of St. Luke is by Raphel's hand; the Architecture is of Pietro di Cortona, who Built part of it at his own Charge.   

S. ADRIANO, Was formerly the Temple of Saturn, 
S. Adriano.  and so ancient, that 'twas before Romulus his time; the great brass Doores were carried to St. John Lateran.  
S. LORENZO in MIRANDA Is the Temple of 
S. Lorenzo in Miranda.  Antonino and Frustina, converted to a Church; the Front, Pillars of the Portico and Architectave, with th' Inscription, being almost perfect still: The Picture at the high Altar is Pietro di Cortona's, the other of Domenichini; it belongs to the Apothecaries.   

S. COSMO e DAMIANO Is the Temple Dedicated 
S. Cosmo e Damiano.  to Romulus; it has its brass Doors still remaining, and in it the famous Picture of the Virgin that reproved Pope Gregory for not saluting her as he had used to do, This is most certainly true; but how the Old Man excused himself, is not Recorded.   

S. MARIA LIBERATRICE, Where Cicero's 
S. Maria Liberatriee.  House once stood; has in it three Pillars. taken out of the Temple of Jupiter.   

S. MARIA NUOVA, Has before the great Altar, 
S. Maria Nuova.  the Tomb of S a. Francesca Romana, of rare Bernino's work, and one of the Pictures of our Lady, made by St. Luke, which though the whole Church was Burnt, yet took no harm: Here also is kept the Stone, upon which St. Peter Prayed (and left the prints of his knees) that Simon Magus might fall, who took his flight about this place.   

S. SEBASTIANO Is a little Church with divers 
S. Sebastiano.  Pictures in it, and the place where St. Sebastian was Shot, but healing still so fast, that 'twas impossible that way to kill him; he was here beaten to death.   

S. TEODORO Is a little round Church Dedicated 
S. Teodoro.  to Romulus and Renuis, being the very place where they were found, and therefore here was placed the Statue of the Wolf, with the two Boys at her Paps, now in the Capitol.   

S. MARIA delle GRATIE, Was formerly the Temple 
S. Maria delle Gratie  of Vesta, Built round, with Corinthian Pillars, which still remain; here also is another wonderful Picture of our Lady, by St. Luke's hand.   

S. MARIA della CONSOLATION, Built on occasion 
S. Maria della Consolation.  of the Virgin's Image, on an old Wall, working Miracles: The Front is the Architecture of Martino Lunghi, and the Chapel of Maty, painted by Taddeo Zuccaro.   

S. ANASTASIA, Is a Church with a handsome 
S. Anastasia.  Front, built in the place where was once a Temple to Neptune; in it is preserved the Head-cloaths of the Virgin, which she pulled off to swath our Saviour in; and likewise a part of joseph's Cloak, that served for his Covering.   

S. GREGORIO in MONTE CELIO, Abounds 
S. Gregorio in Monte Celio.  with Pardons for the Dead, and besides, admirable Relics, has an Image of our Lady that spoke to St. Gregory; and which though not so wonderful, is yet very remarkable; our Saviour himself once came to him for an Alms; and at another time an Angel, who at his departure, confessed he had been often with him before, and how that he had once got a Silver Poringer; for all which, having sufficiently testified his Gratitude, he flew away: This Saint, for being so much Heaven's Favourite, was Sir named the Great; his Chapel is painted by Carraccio.   

S. GIOVANNI e PAOLO, Were the two Eunuches of 
S. Giovanni e Paolo.  Constanza, the Daughter of Constantine, which she abandoning, they lived a melancholy, holy Life, in the place where now stands their Church. The two Chapels are painted by Raphael di Regio, and Pari Romano.   

S. STEPHANO ROTONDA, Is built on the Ruins 
S. Stephano Roconda.  of the Temple, of the Emperor Claudeus; there is a Picture by Raphael, Perino del Vaga, and some paintings of Pomerancio.  
S. QUATRO, So called from four Bodies made 
S. Quatro.  Saints, by Pope Leo the 4th. for to Hollow this Church, which he drew like a Lottery, out of the Churchyard, not knowing whom he ●ook; but since ('tis said) their Names have miraculously been revealed.   

S. EUSEBIO Is a little Church, built upon the 
S. Eusebio.  Ruins of the Emperor Gordians Palace.   

S. ANTONIO Is a very pretty Church; to the Fathers 
S. Antonio.  of which, is committed the Spiritual care of all the Horses, Mules, and Asses in Rome, who upon that Saint's day, come in a noble Procession to receive their Blessings; and that they may succeed, they bring every one Offerings with them of Wax-Candles, Money, Hay, Oats, Bricks, etc. according to their Employment, which two Priests receive, who stand with great brushes and pails of Holy-water in a proper place to give their Benedictions.   

S. PRASSEDE: In a Chapel of this Church is 
S. Prassede.  to be seen a piece of the Pillar, at which our Saviour was scourged: And which makes the Church more considerable, there is in it 3300. Saint's Bodies, and some Pictures, by Giulio Romano, Giuseppe and Zuccaro.  
S. PIETRO in VINCOLI, Preserves St. Peter's 
S. Pietro in Vincoli.  Fetters: In this Church is a famous Statue of Moses in white Marble, much bigger than the Life; by Mich. Angelo, and the best that ever he made.  
S. DOMENICO a Monte MAGNANAPOLI, 
S. Domenico a Monte Magnanapoli. S. Silvestro a Monte Cavallo.  Has another famous Picture of our Lady, painted by St. Luke.  
S. SILVESTRO a Monte CAVALLO, In it, and the Chapels, divers Paintings by great Masters.  
S. ANDREA Is a little neat Church, Built by 
S. Andrea.  Prince Panfilio, and Cau re Bernino,. the Architect; 'tis so lined with fine Marble, and adorned with little Statues of Angels, Cherubs. etc. that for the bigness of it, 'tis as fine as any thing in Rome.   

S. VITALE Is Built on the Ruins of the Temple 
S. Vitale.  of Quirino, who here appeared to Proculus.   

S. LORENZO in PANISPERNA, Stands where 
S. Lorenzo in Panisperna.  St. Laurence was put upon the Grid-iron by the Emperor Decius, whose Palace stood in this place; the Martyrdom painted in Fresco; and to make it more Holy (by a Miracle) they show the Tomb of a Scotch Virgin.   

SAPIENZA Is a well-built College for public 
Sapienza.  Lectures; the Architecture of Giacomo della Porta.   

PROPAGANDO FIDE Is a College of noble 
Propagando Fide.  Building for Eastern Students of Catholic Divinity, who are afterwards sent home to make all their Countrymen (if possible) as wise as themselves.   

S. PUDENTIANA, The Daughter to a Roman 
S. Pudentiana.  Senator, Converted by St. Peter, in whose House he lived Seven years, now a Church: There is a fine Chapel built by Cardinal Gaetano, lined with curious polished Jasper and Marble, adorned with Pictures and Statues: At the Altar a Priest doubting whether the Ostia he had Consecrated, were flesh or not, it leapt out of his hands, and all bloodied the Stones, over which, are now two Glasses set to preserve the spots, which are very visible to the eye of Faith: Here also is a Well, in which they say is the blood of 3000. Martyrs; and they have likewise some of St. Peter's old , and the wooden Altar, at which he first said Mass.  
S. DEGLI ANGELI, Is the Therm of Dioclesian, 
S. Degli Angeli.  with little alteration converted to a Church for the Carthusians, who out of the same Ruins have also Cells; the Dedication is to the seven Angels that are Godall mighties assistants.   

S. BERNARDO Is a great round Tower belonging 
S. Bernardo.  to the Therm of Dioclesian, now made a Church.   

S. SUSANNA Is a very neat Church and Front; 
S. Susanna.  the History is painted by Baldassere da Bologna, the other Pictures of Pari Romano, etc. Here was the Campo Scelerato, where the wanton Vestals were Buried alive.   

S. MARIA della VITTORIA, Is so called for the 
S. Maria della Vittoria.  Battle of Prague: The Chapel of Cardinal Cornaro is very fine, being the Architecture of Bernino; that of Gessi is Painted by Domenichini; a Crucifix by Guido Rheni.  
In S. AGNESE: On the Feast-day, by the Pope, etc. 
S. Agnese.  two white Lambs are solemnly blest, and of their Wool Palls made and sent Presents to the Patriarches, Bishops, etc.   

S. COSTANZA was the Temple of Bacchus, which 
S. Costanza.  is entire still, and serves for a Church without alteration; 'tis round, supported with double rows of Marble-pillars, and in the Roof old Mosaic work of Unitage, etc. In it, stands a great thick Chest, or Trough of Porphry, with a cover suitable to the rest of its Beauty; on the Corners of which, is figured Child hood, Youth, Manhood, and Old Age; on the other Bassorilievo in Grotesque, Boys with Baskets of Grapes, etc. The use of this no man can guests, but the Vulgar call it Bacchus his Tomb.   

PALAZZO VATICANO Stands close to St. Peter's, 
Palazzo Vaticano.  on the side of an agreeable Hill, and is vast, but not uniform. In the Chapel Sisto, by the great Hall is Mich. Angelo's last Judgement, but so dark, that one can scarce discern an Angel from a Devil: The Library is one large Room, supported with Pillars like a Church; about which are low Presses, wherein are kept the Books, and the like by the side of the Walls; and over them Historical Paintings in Fresco; at the end are some little Rooms Gallery-wise, that cross this, which are also stored with choice Manuscripts, as a Terence 1200. years old; a Chinese-book, whose leaves are infinitely thinner and smother than Paper, made of some Herb, others of Barks of Trees, Hyeregliphicks of Mexico, Mass-books with Figures of Saints, Angels, etc. in admirable Minature; a Volume of all Infects with their Figures painted; Henry the 8th. his Book against Luther, Dedicated to the Pope; his Love-Letters to Anna Bullein; an ancient Greek Bible writ in Gold▪ etc. The great Gallery is furnished with large Maps in proper colours of Italy; the other Rooms with Velvet; the Roof and Sides (in all the principal) Paintings, by divers great Masters of Devotion, etc. but most of them by Raphael; and amongst the rest, there is an Armoury for 30000. men. The great Garden has diversity of Pleasure, Trees of all sorts, as Palms, etc. A little Wood, a Flat, an Ascent, great Fountains falling from high, others bursting like a River out of rude Rock covered with Greene's, Grotta's, &c. The little Garden is thick set with Orange-Trees, and variety of Fountains; at the upper-end are two brass Peacocks, once gilt, and stood upon the Tomb of Scipio Affricanus, and by them the great brass Pineapple, taken from the Moles Adriani: By this, in a little Court, are the admirable Statues preserved of Laocon and his Sons, bit by Serpents; the Trunk of Hercules, by which Mich. Angelo learned so much; two Venuses, two Rivers, Nile and Tiber; a great Hercules, that admired one of Antinuus of Oriental Marble.   

PALAZZO FARNESE, Has before it a fine 
Palazzo Farnese.  Piazza with noble Fountains; was designed by Mich. Angelo, is square Building, clear from other Houses, and on every side a great Entrance: The Court is upon Pillars, in which is the admirable Statue of Hercules found in the Therm of Antoninus Caracalla; that of the Vestal, that to Vindicate her Chastity brought water in a Sieve from the Tiber; above, are Galleries again in the same manner: In the Rooms are great numbers of Statues and Pictures; among the rest Mich. Angelo's, and Raphael Urbin's, done by their own hands; but beyond all, is the Salle, painted by Hannibal Caraccio: On the backside the Court is the famous Statue of the Bull, with Dirce tied to his Horns, etc. which is as wonderful for the size, as the work: For the Garden wanting here, it has a noble one by Ponte Sisto.   

PALAZZO BURGHESI, Is the Architecture of 
Palazzo Burghesi.  Martino Lunghi; has 19 Rooms on a Floor, the first two Stories in the Court supported with Pillars; the Garden (being in the midst of Rome) little, yet has three great Fountains, besides divers small ones placed between every two Orange Trees; and to recompense the want of ground, has a Garden and Fountains likewise on the top of the House, which has a noble Prospect: The Rooms are richly furnished, besides the Pictures and Paintings, which are in great quantities, by the greatest Masters, as Titian and Mich. Angelo's by their own hands; the famous Crucifix of the latter, and the Bedchamber hung all with naked Venusse's in several postures: The Princess, her Room of Audience has two Fountains and Basins at each end, of a Marble, like the best Walnut, and Tables, and Door-cases too of the same, so admirably coloured and grained, that none would take it to be Stone: The great Looking-glass they show as a Curiosity, for having the frames of Crystal entire, without any metal to join or fasten them.   

MONTE CAVALLO, Is the Pope's Residence; 
Monte Cavallo.  has an open large Piazza before it, whereon stand the two famous Grecian Horses that give it the name; it has a great noble Court and Garden, with great Variety of Fountains, Grotta's, Groves of Orange-Trees, and every thing proportionable except Furniture; the Architecture is of Domenico Fontane.   

PAZZORELLO Is the House where Lunatics and 
Pazzorello.  Fools are kept, most of the Madmen in it, being Priests, and amongst them, one that believes himself to be the Pope, and were he in his Habit, might easily be mistaken, being very like him both in person and face.   

PALAZZO del S. UFFICIO, Is the Palace of 
Palazzo del S. Ufficio.  the Inquisition, where there are divers Grave Fathers attending, but the holy Tormentors have now little to do.   

PALAZZO PALESTRINO, One of the finest 
Palazzo Palestrino.  in Rome, is built on the side of a Hill, has abundance of Chambers, and those very well stored with Statues, Pictures, and other rich Furniture; of the first, there is a Cupid and a young Lady of the Family rarely done, by Bernino, and Raphael's Mistress painted by himself, as also the famous Venus by Titian; of which, there are so many Copies: The Grand Salle, the painting of Pietro di Cortona.  
PALAZZO CHIGI Is a new and excellent well-built 
Palazzo Chigi.  Palace, the Architecture of Bernino; the Rooms all well contrived and richly furnished, most of them with Tissue, and full of excellent Pictures of the greatest Masters, and in every one of them sweet Bags of different and admirable perfumes: In one Chamber, called the Foutesterium are Looking-glasses with Crystal frames, hung with great drops of the same, valued at 12000. Crowns; the Bed of White-sattin, rarely painted in Flowers, and Embroidered with Gold, and the Ceiling painted with greene's, etc. suitable to the rest.   

PALAZZO PANFILLIO Is in the great Piazza 
Palazzo Panfillio.  Navona, in the midst of which, stands that fine Guglia and Fountain, with the Figures of the four famous Rivers of the World, by Bernino: This Palace has abundance of Rooms, Statues, and Pictures, and is noble building, but none of these of the first rate, only the Gallery is the painting of Pietro di Cortona.   

PALAZZO PANFILLIO, In the Carso, a Street 
Palazzo Panfillio.  almost the length of Rome, wherein the Ladies in the Evening take the Air: This Palace will be fine when finished, but the additional Building makes it in some disorder; amongst others the Statues there of Bernino's six Boys are very good.   

PALAZZO COLONNA Is a great Palace richly 
Palazzo Colonna.  furnished: In his Garden, on the side of the Hill of Montecovallo was the Therm of Constantine, and on the top of it, the place where Nero stood to behold Burning- Rome; the Ruins of this Pillar there being all white marble Stones of Prodigious bigness, some six yards long and four Diameter, curiously cut in foliage, etc.   

PALAZZO ORSINI Is a great Palace built on 
Palazzo Orsini.  the Ruins of Pompey's Theatre.  
PALAZZO di PAOLO 3o. Is a Palace which 
Palazzo di Paolo 3°.  has had three famous Architects, Sangola, Mich. Angelo, and Vignola.   

PALAZZO SISTO 5º;. Is the Architecture of 
Palazzo Sisto 5.  Giacomo Fontana, not now Inhabited.   

PALAZZO GHIGI Is in the Longara, wherein is 
Palazzo Ghigi.  the Banquet of the Gods, by Raphael, the freshest colours I have seen; as well as the Palace, the Gardens, Fountains, and Walks of Orange Trees are pleasant.   

PALAZZO di RAPHAEL was Raphael Urbin's own 
Palazzo di Raphael.  Habitation, a very pretty Palace.   

PALAZZO di CAFFARELLI, Is a very noble 
Palazzo di Caffarelli.  Palace, built by Raphael Urbino also.   

PALAZZO de i RE d'INGHILTERRA Is a 
Palazzo de i Re d'Inghilterra.  veat Palace, formerly belonging to the Kings of England; for their Ambassadors, the Architecture of Bramante.  
2. PALLAZZI MASSIMI: The one Architecture of 
Palazzi Massimi.  Baldassere Peruzzi, the other of Domenico Fontana, in both are many Statues and Pictures.   

CASA PIGHINI Is the house where those admirable 
Casa Pighini.  Statues are of Meleager and a Venus, for which, my Lord Arundel offered 12000. Crowns.   

PALAZZO del GRAN DUCA Is a fine Palace 
Palazzo del Gran Duca.  of the Great Dukes, Built not above 30. years ago, and has a piazza before it.   

PALAZZO GAETANI, Is a large and noble 
Palazzo Gaetani.  Palace; the Architecture of Bartolomeo Amanati.   

PALAZZO della CANCELLERIA Is a very 
Palazzo della Cancelleria.  great Palace, Built of the Stones fetched from the Amphitheatre, as were those of Farnese and St. Marks, is the Architecture of Bramante, and the Habitation of Cardinal Barberine the English Protector: In the Court stand two Gigantic Figures, representing two Muses.  
PALAZZO CAPO di FERRO Is the Architecture 
Palazzo Capo di ferro.  of Giulio Mazzoni, very much adorned with Festons, Statues, Bassicilievi, etc. Within 'tis yet finer, having many Statues and Pictures; of the first, in the Hall, is one of Pompey bigger than the Life, much esteemed, the next Room painted by Mich. Angelo; others by Volterra, Piamentino, etc. The Garden has two fine Fountains, Orange-Trees, etc.   

PALAZZO MUTI Is a little Palace with Statues 
Palazzo Muti.  on the top of it, possessed by the Heirs of Mutius Scevola, it being anciently his Habitation.   

PALAZZO GIUSTINIANO Is the Architecture 
Palazzo Giustiniano's  of Gio Fontana, A Palace well stored with Statues, being so full that it seems a Warehouse of them, and amongst the crowd, is one of a Goat, as if alive, that of Dea Natura, of Lelia and the Swan, by Bernino, A Muse, a Sibyl, etc. has some Pictures also of Titian.   

PALAZZO ALTIERI Is of the present Pope's 
Palazzo Altieri.  Family, now Building a mighty addition to it for his Nephew.   

PALAZZO ALTEMPS, In which are divers Statues 
Palazzo Altemps.  and Pictures, one of the last, by Raphael, of the Virgin, worth 5000. Pistols, and a rare Bassorilievo, of the Triumph of Bacchus.  
2. PALLAZZI MATEI, Have in them several Statues 
2. Palazzi Matei.  and Paintings.   

PALAZZO FALCONIERI Is the Architecture 
Palazzo Falconieri.  of Borromine: Within, it has divers Statues and excellent Pictures, a Garden of fine Fountains, and the Tiber running by the end of it.   

PALAZZO LANCELLOTTI, Has a good 
Palazzo Lancellotti.  Collection of Statues and Pictures: The Architecture of Maderni.  
PALAZZO VEROSPI Is the Architecture of Honorio 
Palazzo Verospi.  Lunghi: In this Palace is a very fine Collection also of Statues and Pictures.   

PALAZZO RIARI Is Inhabited by the Queen of 
Palazzo Riari.  Sweden, in which are several noble Rooms, as that wherein every Tuesday the choicest Voices and Music of Rome is heard; but some principally furnished with excellent Pictures of Carreggio, Carraccio, Paolo Veronese, a Venus by Titian, and that admired little Picture of our Lady, with our Saviour in her Hand, and St. John kissing him, by Raphael, and cost 10000 Crowns; her Hang the design of Vandike, and her vast Silver Flower-pots upon Pedestals of the same, are very fine too.   

PALAZZO SAVELLI Is Built on the Ruins of 
Palazzo Savelli.  the Theatre of Marcellus and Semcircular like it.   

PALAZZO ALDOBRANDINI, Has several 
Palazzo Aldobrandine.  excellent Statues and Pictures; and in the Garden (which is very delightful by iis Prospect, Orange-Trees, Myrtles, Fountains, etc.) is an ancient Picture of a Marriage made in the time of the old Romans, which is much valued for its rarity, there being but only that in Rome.   

PALAZZO MAZZARINI, Has before it a very 
Palazzo Mazzarini.  spacious Court, and in the Garden the Picture of Aurora, by Guido Rheni.   

PALAZZO SALVIATI Is the Architecture of 
Palazzo Salviati.  Lippi, Built on purpose to Lodge a King of France in.   

VILLA del G. DUCA Is the great Duke's Palace 
Villa del G. Duca.  on Monte Trinita; from whence it has an incomparable Prospect of all Rome, and the Country about it; before it is a very fine marble Fountain; and in the Balcony of the second story, is another: In the Rooms, besides many excellent Statues, are these admired ones; The Venus made by Cleomenes, Son of Apolidorus, esteemed the best in the World, the Wrestlers, and the Clown listening to Catiline's Conspiracy are not to be equalled, nor that of the Gladiaator threatening Heaven, besides divers Heads upon curious marble Pillars, etc. In the Garden, which is vast, are likewise noble Fountains and Statues; at the entrance, two great white marble Lions which stand as Guards; a Silenus in Brass, holding a young Bacchus in his Arms, and many others; an Obelisk with Hierogliphics, Walks lined with Orange-Trees, Groves of Elci, etc. So much Beauty and Pleasure, that nothing can be added.   

VILLA BURGHESI Has the approaches to it by fine Walks, through a delicate little Park, full of tall young Trees, most Elci, which are always green, and stored with variety of Deer; on one side of it pleasant Gardens, 
Villa Burghesi.  with all sorts of Fountains, Grotta's, Volleries, etc. close Walks, with water conveyed through the boughs, which all the way drops like Rain, to cool them; on the other side, at some distance, Canals and Fishponds; behind it principally, but indeed every way an incomparable Prospect: The Palace itself Crusted with rare pieces of Bassirilievi, and a great many Porphry Figures stand like Sentinels about it: Within, 'tis filled with Statues, Pictures, and other Curiosities in too great number to be remembered; but some of the principal are, that of Diana which was Worshipped by Augustus Cesar, the Gladiator, original of that in St. James's-Park, the Apollo and Daphne turning into a Laurel-tree of Cau re Bernini, the best he ever made; David with his Sling, by the same hand; the Hermaphrodite, or Iside, that turns in her sleep to a man, lying upon a Quilt, which is so natural, that there's none but mistakes it; the Heads of Hannibal and Scipio; eight rarely polished Pillars of Porphry, with little Statues on them, two of green marble, and two of Pidoechio; a Seneca of Touchstone, coming out of an African Bath; a red Wolf with Romulus and Renuus at her Paps; a Head of Alexander the Great; Aeneas with his Father on his Back, and his Son in his Hand, by Bernino also; four more Porphrey Pillars, with Urns of the same; the Statue of Agrippina, and the Gladiator her Lover, both Ancient; a Silenus' excellent also; a Cup of a petrified Moucheron, which to the eye is still the same; and a Chair that locks them fast that sit in it, whose opening bottom gives leave to treat Woman or Boy at pleasure.   

VILLA PANFILLIA Stands high, has an excellent 
Villa Panfillia.  Prospect, Gardens, Grotta's, Statues, and Urns, some fine Fountains, and many large Walks in and about the Park; Has within, many Statues and Pictures, as those of St. Peter and St. Paul, by Mich. Angelo; of the former, the best is the Angel wrestling with Jacob.   

VILLA MATEI: Has fine Gardens, Water-works 
Villa Matei  and Prospect; in the Palace and Summer-House these excellent Statues, Apollo flaying Marsius, three Cupids asleep with their Heads laid upon each other; Andromeda; an ancient Head of Cicero an Amazon, Cleopatra, Hercules, a Gigantic Antoninus, Brutus and Porcia, etc. rare Jasper Tables and marble Pillars.   

VILLA LUDOVISA Has a Situation as fine as 
Villa Ludovisa.  the others, great Gardens, noble shady Walks, Grotta's, Fountains, etc. and two Palaces, on each side one, wherein there are Pictures of Titian, Mich. Angelo; Caraccio, Guido, Rheni, etc. Two Statues of Apollo, a rare one of a dying Gladiator, the Porphry Oracle that spoke; three excellent heads of Scipio, Affricanus, Seneca, and Cicero; and among the rest, the real Body of a Man turned to Stone, so hard and perfect, that to satisfy Charles the 5th. of the truth of it, they broke one of his Legs, where the bone under the petrified flesh plainly appears; besides other Curiosities, there is a Bedstead valued at 100000. Crowns, the Posts of Oriental Jasper, the Head, Taster, etc. set with precious stones; the Walls within the Palace plastered with marble, beaten to powder, which afterwards becomes as hard and smooth as at first.   

VILLA MONTALTA Has a Garden not inferior 
Villa Montalta.  to any in Rome, has excellent walks, admirable Water-works, Trees, Fountains, etc. In the House several Statues and Pictures, as that of David and Goliath, where you may see their Backsides too; the Ariadne and Bacco, by Guido Rheni; the Busto of Caius Marius; a Picture which one way seems a bunch of herbs, and turned and held another way, is the face of a man, a piece of Mosaic Landscape, several Urns, etc.   

VILLA FARNESE: Is a Garden on part of Monte 
Villa Farnese.  Palatino, wherein there are pleasant Walks, Fountains, and Prospect.   

PUBLIC FOUNTAINS Are those two noble 
Public Fountains.  ones in Piazza Vaticana, by Cau re Maderno..  
That great one on Monte Gianicolo, that discharges five Rivulets, brought by Aquaduct from Bracciano, by Paolo 5°. the Architecture of Gio. Fontana.  
That before St. Pietro Montorio, by the same Architect.  
That of Sisto 5ᵒ. on Monte Viminale, issuing in three great branches adorned with Statues of Aaron, etc. by Domenico Fontana.  
That in Piazza Barberina, by Cau re Bernino..  
That in Piazza del Popolo, by Domenico Fontana.  
That in Piazza di Spagna, in the form of a Ship, discharging a vast quantity of water, by Bernino too.  
That in Piazza di Monta Cavallo, by Domenico Fontana.  
The Quatro Fontana, with Figures in cumbent postures, by Pietro di Cortona.  
That in Piazza di S a. Maria Maggiore, by Carlo Maderno.  
That in Piazza di S. Giovanni Latterano, by Domenico Fontana.  
That in Piazza di Madonna de'Monti, by Giacomo della Porta.  
That in Campidoglia, with the Statues of Nilus', Tigris, and Rome, by Mich. Angelo.  
That in Piazza di Muti, by Giacomo della Porta.  
That in Piazza Giudea, by the same Architect.  
That in Piazza di S a. Maria in Trastevere, by Gio Fontana.  
That by Ponte Sisto, which falls in great quantity from on high, like a Cascade, by Dom. Fontana.  
The two in Piazza Farnese, by Giralomo Rainaldi.  
That in Piazza Mattei, by Giacomo della Porta.  
That in Piazza Colonna, by the same.  
The great one at Monte Citorio, by Francisco da Volterra.  
That in Piazza della Rotonda, by Giacomo della Porta.  
That del Duca di Bracciano, by Antonio Casoni.  
That in Piazza Scossa Cavalli, by Carlo Maderno.  
That del Aqua Acetosa, by Cau re Bernino..  
That in Piazza Navona, with Neptune and the Sea-gods, by the same.  
That famous one under the Guglia, in the same Piazza, with the Statues of the four quarters of the World, a Sea-Horse, etc. by the same Architect.  
That unfinished one of Trevi, which discharges three Rivulets.  
The Capital stands on an Agreeable Hill of 
Campidoglio.  about 120. steps ascent; on each hand are the Triumphs of Marius, and the two great Statues, and Horses of Constantine, or as some say, of Castor and Pollux; in the midst of the Corile, or Piazza, is the famous Statue of Marcus Aurelius, some think of Lucius Verus, others of Constantine on Horseback, placed upon a Pedestal, made by Mich. Angelo, who admired this Figure so, that he asked this Brazen Horse why he did not go, so like it is to Nature: On one side of it, is Rupes Tarpeia, not high enough now to break any man's neck; and in the Front is the Palace of the Senators, built on the Ruins of the former; against the face of the Stairs is a rare Fountain, and close at each end (but disjoynd) the two Wings, or Palaces of the Conservatori, designed by Mich. Angelo, supported with Pillars in Porticos; and on the flat tops of all the three Structures, Statues set in equal distance: In the inward Court of one of these, in white marble, are the measures of the ancient Romans, as their Canna, Palmo, etc. of Corn, Oil, etc. The Pillar which stood in the Foro, from which they counted their miles to any place, the Colonna Rostrata, in memory of their Victory against the Carthaginians; the Statues of Julius and Augustus Cesar; the broken white marble Colossus of Apollo, whose Toe I measured, is thicker than my middle; the head and hand of that of Comodus, not much less than the former; the admired Statue of the Lion tearing the Horse; the Rape of the Sabines in Bassirilievi, the Triumphs Sacrifices, etc. of Marcus Aurelius in Mezzo Relievo; the little Idol like a Monkey, taken from the Pantheon, and the ancient Roman Laws, in Brass: In the Rooms is painted in Fresco the Rape of the Sabines, Hannibal, and Scipio, Cocles on the Bridge; the Horatij and the Curatij; that of Brutus, commanding the death of his Son; Mutius Scevola with his hand in the Torch, by Perugino: The Statues in Brass of young Hercules, once worshipped in his Temple on the Aventine Hill of Caius Marius, of Junius Brutus; that rare one of the Boy picking the Thorn out of his foot; that the Wolf with Romulus and Remus; the Heads in marble of Socrates, Cicero, Virgil, Plato, Diogenes, etc. In the old Palace the old Statue Marforius, Domitian in Bassorilievo, worshipped like a God; the Statue of Pudicitia, of Alcibiades, of the Woman Cursing Heaven for want of a Fortune; an old Hercules, once gilded, with many more Ancient and Modern of Popes, Generals, etc. their marble Calendar, etc. the Rooms painted by Giuglio Romano.  
Of the infinite number of Temples, and other an 
Curia Calabria.  tient Buildings, few are now remaining; but the most, in Foro Romano: and on the backside of the Capitol, is an Architrave, of the Curia Calabria.  
Near that, is a great part of the Temple of Concord's 
Temp. Concord.  Portico yet standing, and three delicate Pillars, of some other rare Structure; not certainly known of what.  
The Tryumphal Arch of Septimius Severus, 
Arch. Septim. Sever. Temp. Saturn. Temp. Mars Temp. Anton. Pius, etc.  of white marble, with his Victories in Bassirilievi.  
The Temple of Saturn, now a Church.  
Employed as the former.  
The Temple of Antoninus Pius, and Diva Faustina his wanton Wife; the Portico of Corinthian Pillars almost perfect still.  
The Temple of Romulus and Remus, in the Ruins 
Temp. Rom  of which, was found a Map of old Rome, engraven in large marbles.  
The Temple of Peace, of which three great 
Temp. Peace.  Arches still remain, and was the richest and most beautiful of all the rest, as the white marble Pillar does sufficiently testify on the Pedestal, before S a. Maria Maggiore.  
The Ruins of the Foro, of the some Pillars Architraves, 
Foro Nerv.  etc.  
Three Pillars of the Temple of Jupiter Stator. 
Jup. Stator. Lake Curtius. Palace, Palatine.   
The Lake of Curtius, now a Common-shore.  
The great vast Ruin of the Emperor's Palace on Monte Palatino, the most pleasant and entire Hill of all the seven.  
The ruinous walls of the Circus Maximus, all still remaining, which lined with Seats, held near 200000. 
Circus Maximus.  People.  
The Temple of Janus Quadrifrous, a square 
Temp. Janus.  white marble Building, with four Entrances, or Gates.  
The Arch built to Septimus Severus, and Marcus 
Arch. Septi. mus Severe, and Marcus Aurelius. Arch Constantine.  Aurelius, by the Goldsmith's, whereon is described in Bassorilievo, their Triumphs Sacrifices, etc.  
The Arch of Constantine almost perfect still, with some excellent pieces of Bassorilievo on it, taken from other places; the rest detestable.  
The Arch of Titus, which was the finest, and 
Arch. Titus.  is the most ancient Architecture of them all, and has still the spoils of the Temple of Jerusalem in Mezzorilievo upon it.  
Part of the Arch of Gallienus, and the like of Gordian. 
Arch Galli. & Gordian.   
The inward Walls of Vespasians Amphitheatre, 
Amphitheatre.  and one part of the outward, with Pillars on each side of every Niche, four degrees high, one over another, and a part of the Meta Sudans by it.   

Antoninus' his Baths, a Ruin wherein there are four 
Therm Antoninus Caracalla.  places large as Westminster-Hall, besides divers less, nothing speaking more the greatness of the Romans than these prodigious Baths, of which the Pillars were all of Oriental Granite, as appears by those two in the great Duke's possession at Florence.  
On Monte Aventino are also many broken walls, 
Monte Aventino.  pieces of ancient Temples, etc. not now distinguishable.  
The most entire of all the Baths, is that of 
Therm Diocletian.  Dioclesian; part of the great Arched Roof perfect still, and many of the Pillars which are all of a piece, remaining too.  
Are seven great Arched places under ground, 
Set Sale.  said to be made by Dioclesian also, for the same use.  
The Baths of Constantine very much ruined. 
Therm Constantine Castello d'aqua Giulia.   
The Ruins of a Structure that served to distribute the water into the City, brought thither by the Aquaducts.  
In the walls of Rome stands the fine entire white marble Pyramid of Cestius, one of the Epuloni, and 
Pyramid C. Cestius.  within it were some Statues, but now walled up.  
Is a great hill, made of the broken pots thrown 
Monte Testaccio.  there in the old Romans time.  
Is still remaining, now called by St. Paul's name. 
Porta Trigemmini. Porta Maggiore. Temp. Sun.   
And the Aquaduct joining to it, with all its Inscription perfect still.  
On the Quirinal Hill is the Ruins of a Temple of the Sun, and near the Temple of Peace, another also of the Moon.  
A little round Fabric, built on white marble Pillars, 
Temp. Vesta.  now a Church.  
Is another little Temple, placed where Romulus and Remus was found. 
Temp. Romul.   
Of the same figure with the two former, and 
Temp. Bacchus.  in all respects perfect still.  
Is a place walled in of about 450. yards long for 
Circus Caracalla.  Games and Exercises; in the midst, it had two of those obelisks now erected in the City, and on one side of it, is the Ruins of a Temple of Mars.  
Is a Tower of about eight or ten yards thick, Cased 
Moles Mettella.  with white Marble, where Crassus, her rich Husband, placed her Ashes, called Capo di Bave, from such Heads on the Corniche.  
A place with ruin'd Walls of a great compass, where 
Pretorium.  the Praetorian Bands did Quarter.  
What is now called Caffarelli, was anciently the 
Caffarelli.  Fountains of Egeria, Auma, Pompillius his Deity, to whom in imitation of Moses, he went to receive Laws, Divine and Moral, for the People. 'Tis a long Arched Grotta, under a Hill, and at the further end, a marble Figure lying along, leaning upon her hand, and water from three places over it perpetually running; formerly there was a thick Wood before it.  
The Ruins of the Temples of Mars, Venus, and 
Temp. Venus.  Cupid, are yet to be seen, and secret passages under ground to every one of them.  
The Pillar is still in the Foro, on which Domitian's 
Colonna Domitiano.  Statue stood, and was adored.  
The Common-shore to old Rome is lined with Free 
Cloaca Maxima. Temp. Alba Dea.  stone, and so large, that a Cart might pass in it.  
The little round Temple of Alba Dea, now a little Church.  
Enough of the Erarium is now remaining too, to 
Erarium.  show how strong and great a Fabric the ancient Romans had for their Arms and Treasure; 'tis built alla Rustica, like the great Duke's Palace.  
The old Bridge Aurellius, with some Repairs, is still 
Pont Aurelius.  in being, now called Ponte Sisto.  
The Colonna is of white marble, one hundred and seaventy-three 
Colonna Traiana.  foot high; about it is described in rare Bassorilievo, that Emperor's Wars, Victories, etc.  
The Colonna Antonina has been injured by the Fire, 
Colonna Antonina.  is 175. foot high, and adorned as the other; near it are Eleven Corinthian Pillars, part of the Portico of that Emperor's Palace.  
The Theatre of Marcellus would have contained 80000. 
Theatre Marcellus.  persons; the Walls still so good, that 'tis now made a Palace by Sig re Savelli..  
The Panteon, A round Temple, By Agrippa Dedicated 
Pantheon.  to the Mother of the Gods, and all the Gods is perfect still, all but for its Cover of Corinthian Brass, of which Urban the 8th. Robbed it; on the Architrave is this Inscription, M. Agrippa, L. F. Cos. tertium fecit; within, 'tis white marble, roof and sides, the Pavement the same, and Porphry; has no Window but that in the middle of the Roof; its height is its breadth, which is 144. foot. The Portico has all its Pillars still remaining, which are of Granite, of one entire piece, 53. foot high, 61. Diameter, and best of the Corinthian order, the door also (which is all cut out of one stone) is as tall as the Pillars, the door itself faced with brass.  
The Mausoleum Augusti is round; at the entrance 
Mausoleum Augusti.  two ancient Statues, and a Head over the door; within, it has three stories one over another, covered with Earth, now Gardens, and in the Circumference a low Building, like a Vault, for the Ashes of the Emperors.  
That of Adriani, Now castle Angelo (because 
Moles Adriani.  an Angel was seen upon it) was of the same form and use, before it was made a Castle: It has now five Bastions, a Garrison in it, and may resist an Enemy a little while: Here the Pope keeps his Triple Crown and Money; and from the Vatican hither, is a Corridore, by which his Holiness may escape from danger.  
By it is the marble Bridge Elius, now called St. Angelo 
Pons Elius.  too, with the 12. fine new Statues upon it, Angels, holding every one something relating to our Saviour's Passion, as the Cross, Spear, Sponge, Nailes, Hammer, Crown, etc.  
In the River by it, are some of the Piles and broken 
Triumph Bridge.  Arches remaining of the Tryumphal Bridge.  
The Guglio Vaticana is of one entire piece, and on the 
Obelisco Vaticano.  top of it, part of the true Cross of our Saviour placed; on the side of this Obelisk are these words, Divi Cesari, Divi Julij F. Augusti Tiberio Cesari D. Aug. F. Augusto Sacrum.  
The biggest of the Obelisks is that before St. John 
Aguglia Laterana.  Lateran, which is 112. foot long, besides the Basiis, has this and another Inscription to the same purpose; Fl. Constantinus Aug. Constantini Aug. F. Obeliscum a paret loco suo motum diuque Alexandriae jacentem trecentorum remigium impositum Navi mirande vastitatis per mare Tiberimque magnus molibus Romam convenctum in Circo Max ponendum S. P. Q. R. D. D.  
The Guglias before Mad na del Popolo. is 88 foot 
Aguglia alla Madonna del Popolo.  long, and upon it, this Inscription, Imp Cesar Divi F. Aug. Pont Max. Imp. 12. Cos. 11. Pot. 14. Egipto in Potestatum Populi Romani redacta soli Domum dedit.  
That before Sta. Maria Maggiore. is 42. foot high, 
Aguglia di Sa. Maria Maggiore. Obeli●co Mahuto.  and taken from the Mausoleum of Augustus.  
That of St. Mahuto is full of Hierogliphics, named after a British Bishop that lived in this place above a 1000 years ago.  
In the Great Duke's Garden is a Guglias full of Hierogliphics 
Obelifco di Medici.  too: Such another in the Garden of Matei, and another mounted upon the back of an Elephant in the Piazza Minerva.  
The Government and Court of Rome altogether consists 
Court and Government.  of Churchmen, and except in that and greatness, differs but little from other Courts, the Officers being much the same, whose several Charges do make a Vollum; but what is most observable to a Stranger, is  
The College of 70. Cardinals, of which six are Bishops, 
College of Cardinals.  50. Priests, and 14. Deacons, who sit in the next Room to his Holiness (on red Benches) like the House of Lords, teaching Spiritual matters.  
The Governor of Rome, and the Judges, under him, 
Governor.  in Civil and Criminal, who upon any Suit or Complaint, cite both Parties, and presently determine it; the whole expense not amounting to one single Fee, to drowsy Lawyers given here for Nonsense.  
The Cardinal Padrone, a great Minister, applied to 
Card. Padrone.  on all occasions, and courted by every one, as Favourites usually are.  
The Captain, or General of the Pope's little Army, 
General.  which is more or less, sometimes two, three, and now but a 1000 men in Rome, part Italians, part Germans, except 300. Swissers, who are Guards to his Holinesses person; and 200. light Horsemen, who serve for the same purpose.  
The Militia which his Holiness can command upon 
Militia and Galleys.  any sudden occasion, are but 80000. men, nor has he more than five Galleys, which are in port at Civita Vecchia.  
The Traffic of the State of the Church, consists in 
Traffic.  Oil, Alum, Silk, and Corn; of which last, they have great quantities, and would have four times more, were all the Campagna Tilled.  
 Ducats. The certain Revenue of the Church 
Revenue.  is yearly 2600000 Doganadi di Roma 375000 Appalto di Tobacco 
Thus  14000 Appalto di Fieno Paglia, etc. 24000 Appalto della Carta e Cera 26000 Appalto deal Sapone 10000 Tesoreria della Romagna 233000 Tesoreria della Marca 250000 Tesoreria di Perugia ed Umbria 108250 Tesoreria di Ferrare 34000 Tesoreria di Bologna 18000 Maritima e Campagna 22000 Provincia del Patrimonio 52000 Stati di Castro e Ronciglione 50000 Salare e Polveriere 30000 Lumiere 29000 Posta 34000 Tesoreria d'Urbino 20000 Dateria 350000 Assegnamenti deviersi 880250  
The Religion, (allowing the change of Names, and 
Religion.  some few Ceremonies) is the same with that of the ancient Romans, as appears by Antiquities of Bassirilievi, Medailles, Histories, etc. For as these, they had their Pope in the person of a Sovereign, (Cezar Imperator, Pontifex Maximus) who had the charge, and was the only Interpreter of all Divine things, did order and decree what Altars, to what Gods, what days, and in what Temples they should Sacrifice: The care to keep out Heresies and Ceremonies; had a peculiar habit and a Mitre, not unlike those now worn; were adored, at their Deaths, new ones chosen, by petty Popes or Cardinals, had Flamines, Arch-flamens, and Proto-Flamines, as Bishops, Arch-Bishaps, and Patriarches; wrought Miracles, Canonised Saints, did Dedicate Temples to them, made Images in memory of them, and Worshipped them, as they now do; some of which Statues could speak too, as well as several of the Modern; had Convents and Colleges of several Orders; had Nuns and Abbess, whose Rules were much the same with the present Monasteries; kept a Jubilee, had Processions, as that of the Virgin, Mother of the Gods, whose Image, with divers others, and particularly that of Jupiter (on his Festival) was carried through all the Streets with great Pomp, as now is seen in the Feast of Ged every year; made Holywater, and placed it at the entrance of their Temples; used Wine, and an Ostia, or Wafer made of Flower, Salt, and Water, both which the Priest tasted before he put them on the Sacrifice; kept Fasts,  Incense, gave Alms, etc. Priest confessed before Sacrifice, had Music and Singing-Boys; wore Surplices, had their Heads shaved; turned their Faces to the East, and had very near all the same Gestures in their Devotions, and they and their Benefices depended absolutely on the will of the Pope.   

FRESCATI Is a pleasant little Town, about 12. 
Frescati.  miles from Rome, Scituate upon the side of a Hill which has the Prospect of all the Compagna; on the highest parts at considerable distance; are three Villas, which besides other delights, of shady walks, etc. are incomparable for their Water-works.  
That of the Belvedere, has a River brought six 
Belvedere.  miles, which tumbles down in Cascatas, and other infinite forms seven several times; the side of the Hill being cut into so many ascents and plains; three of these Fountains are met in so many several Stories, before the Palace, and the other four in the same manner above it; two of the uppermost being rustic, with great store of Trees, are of all the rest, the most agreeable; but from that called the Theatre (which is a sumptuous wall with Balustres and Statues on the top, and Niches for those of Atlas, Polyphemus, Hercules, etc. on the sides) is imitated Rain, Hail, Snow, and Thunder, which may be heard four miles; and the same water makes Organs play, Horns wind; and in a Room, called the Hall of Apollo, he with all his Muses, on Mont Barnassus, join in Concert.  
That of Ludovisa has many of the same Ornaments 
Villa Ludovisia.  and Fountains; & amongst the rest, in a thick Grove of Trees, a noble Basin enclosed with marble Balustres; out of every Rail of which, runs a thread of Water, besides the great one in the midst, and lesser about it.  
Much bigger, and of more State than either of the 
Villa Montedragoni.  former; is that of Montedragoni, has the same Prospects, such like Water works, fine Gardens, Fountains, a Park, etc. The approaches to it, through long walks set with Lawrel-Trees and Hedges.   

TIVOLI Stands yet higher than Frescati, and a 
Tivoli.  little further from Rome, but has the Prospect of it, and the Compagna beyond it: Here is the Grand Cascata, or Cattaract of the River Aniene, or Teverone, which falls with that Violence that it makes a Mist for a great distance round about; on the corner of a Hill by it, is the Ruins of a Temple, wherein Sibilla Tiburtina was adored, and under it the Grotta where she lived.  
Here also is the Palace and famous Garden belonging 
Villa d'Este  now to the Duke of Modena, which is larger, has better Prospect, more Fountains, greater Variety of Water-works, Grotta's, &c. than any other Villa whatsoever, besides the Models it has of old Rome, where are most of the Temples and public Buildings, according to their ancient Figures.  
In the Road to it, runs the little stinking Nitrous 
River Albula.  River Albula, which though not much bigger than New-River, is yet sufficient to Poison a Country.  
About Twelve miles from Rome, is a Summer 
castle Gandolfo.  House of the Popes, but has nothing but its Situation considerable; stands on a Hill, has a Lake like a great Fishpond by it, and a View of Rome before it.   

VELETRI Is a little pretty Town; in it is the 
Veletri.  Statue of Urban the 8th. and the Palace and large ●arden of Ginetti; the Walks all set with Lawrel-Hedges, and in them Lawrel-Trees which look with great round tops, and straight Stocks, like Orange-Trees: In the the most shady parts there are some thicker than my middle, and tall as Elms, and being on the side of a Hill, has a fine Prospect of the Campagna.   

TARACINA Has nothing now remarkable but the 
Taracina.  Ruins of an old Temple.   

FUNDI Is the first Town in the Kingdom of Naples, 
Fundi.  and having been since the time of the Romans burned, has nothing in it more worth Notice.   

MOLA Is a little Town by the Sea side, where 
Mola.  Cicero had a Villa, and his several Grotta's, with Fountains in the solid Rock, divers Arched Vaults, with his place of Burial, are still remaining, the Garden close by the Sea, and now full of tall Orange-Trees.   

GAETA Is a little Town and Castle on a Promontory 
Gaeta.  that stands in the Sea, joined to main Land, only by a little neck: Here is kept the body of the famous Bourbon, and is shown the Rock that split at our Saviour's Passion.  
In the open Fields, without any House, or other 
Amphitheatre.  Ruin than of an Aquaduct, stands the remains of an Amphitheatre, near a fine River, which was anciently the Situation of the Town Minturna: Here an open fertile Country gins to show itself, the way from Rome, thus far being full of Hills, with (nevertheless) some fruitful Valleys, and those Mountains covered with Figgs, Olives, Orange-Trees, Sage, Rosemary, etc.   

CAPUA Is a little insignificant Town, and two 
Capua.  miles distant now from the place where that great City stood, of which there is no other remains, but the Ruins of an Amphitheatre, and some pieces of such other public Structures; here is the entrance on the Campagna felice, which all the way to Naples, is a Garden, something like Lombardy, but in all respects, finer.   

NAPLES Has one end next the Mediterranean, 
Naples.  like a Crescent, as Genoa's middle stands, and the rest of it oblong backward from it: Beyond the little neck of Sea is Mont Vesuvius, and a range of some other barren Mountains; behind it a Semicircle of fruitful Hills; and on the other side, the delicious Campagna: The Houses in general are well built, of Stone, high, well-glazed, and flat-roofed, to walk upon; the Streets admirably paved, and some of them very large; has some very great Piazza's, many Palaces, fine Gardens, Fountains, and the best Churches of any City in the World.  
On a Hill that overlooks it, is the Castle of St. Ermo, 
castle St. Ermo.  cut out of the solid Rock into that form.  
Near that is the rare Carthusian Monastery, which 
Carthusian Monastery.  has a Prospect as good, if not better than Greenwich: The Town, the Sea, the Country, Islands, and Promontories, at a very great distance; the Cloister is of white polished Marble, with Pillars and Balustres of the same; and in the midst of the Quadrangle, Hedges of Oranges, etc. The Church, Chapels, and Sacristy, are yet much finer, being not only Marble, but richly gilded and painted; the Floors admirably paved with squares of white and red, and the great quantity and great pieces of Plate as remarkable as the rest.  
St. Paolo was anciently this Temple of Castor and 
St. Paolo.  Pollux, as the noble Portico, great Pillars, Architrave, etc. with the Greek Inscription, still remaining, shows: 'Tis now Dedicate to St. Peter and St. Paul, under whose Statues lies two Trunks, which they make the Vulgar believe, were the Statues of the first Patrons, and that the Voices of these Apostles made them to tumble down; the Walls and Pillars of this Church are covered with Silver Views; the Roof rarely painted and gilded.  
The Anunciata is very stately, the Roof, Cupola, etc. 
Anunciata.  painted and gilded as the former: In the Treasury are vast Figures, Vessels, etc. of Silver. In the Sacristy they show the two Infants of Bethlemme, with their Wounds, etc. Adjoining is the great and well-endowed Hospital which maintains near 3000. Poor.  
The Jesuits is a noble Structure; the best of the Order, 
Il Giesu S. Maria Nuova Olivietani, etc.  fine and rich in all respects as the others; so is that of S a. Maria Nuova, that of the Olivietani, and several more in general excelling the Churches in Rome: In that of the Dominicans is the famous Crucifix that spoke to Thomas Aquinus; and in the fine Chapel in the Duomo, is kept S. Gennaro's Blood, which boils when brought near his Head; and in that of S. Maria del Parto, the Tomb of Sannazarius, once his House.  
The Vice-Kings Palace is of Stone, and stately; 
Palazzo del Vice Re.  the Front very large, supported with Pillars, and has a noble Piazza before it, from whence to the Mole is an admirable descent for Coaches, like a winding-Stair-case.  
The Garden of di Vico has an excellent Prospect, 
Giardino del Marchese di Vico.  abundance of fine Fountains, and other Water works; and being on the side of a Hill, is so prettily contrived, that there are Gardens like Rooms, one over another, for three or four Stories: Besides these, there are many other Palaces and Villas, as that Royal one of Poggio Real, of Pietrabianca, etc.  
Virgil's Tomb stands likewise in a Garden on the side 
Sepolechro di Virgillio.  of a Hill, and on the top of it, grows a Laurel, which though ill used by curious Strangers, yet flourishes: on a Wall by it, is this Epitaph.  
Qui Cineres Tumulo hec Vestigia conditur olim,  
Ille hoc qui cecinit pascua, rura, deuces.  
They here also say he had a House, and show a little stone Seat, enclosed like a Closet, with an excellent Prospect, where he writ his Georgics.  
The Mole lies like a bended Arm into the Sea, and 
Il Molo.  being very large, there they go in the Evenings to take the Fresco: At the further end of it is the Pharo's; by the side of it, the Castle Nuovo; and on a Rock in the Sea, the Casile Uovo.  
The great Market place is large, at least as Smithfield, 
Il Mercato.  stored with admirable Provisions of all kinds; but the Pork, Bacon, and Pigeons so extraordinary, that they seem quite different meats from ours. Their Fruits, Limonades, Creams, Sherbets, Wines, etc. and the Cheapness of them all, deserves no less to be admired and praised, In this Piazza, like the place above said are their Gallows and Executions.   

Vesuvius is about nine miles from Naples, but by 
Monte Vesuvio.  its great height, appears very near; the way to it, is all covered with Stones burnt into Cinders of all sizes; the Hill itself very steep, clothed in Ashes; the sharp top blown away, and a round hole in it, esteemed a mile wide, which is very deep, but of an equal bore; the sides of it is Rock, the bottom a perfect flat, except the very middle, where it perpetually smokes, and by its venting there, has raised a little Hill, the upper part of which is tipped with Sulphur.  
Behind Naples is a passage cut through a Mountain, 
Pausilippo.  large enough for two Carts to pass, long at least as the Maille in St. James' Park, and very high, by which means it is not very dark, the light striking in at each end, a great way; and in the middle of it is a Lamp that hangs there for the Virgin's sake, who has our Saviour in her Lap.  
The Grotta del Cane, is a little place cut in the 
Grotta deal Cane.  side of a Hill, where there breathes out from the ground a Vapour of that malignity, that in a moment it kills a Dog, if his head be held low to it; and they usually throw him into the Lake Agnano, close by, which they say revives them again; but if they hold them too long in the Grott, they'll be mistaken, witness a Dog that followed me from Rome. A Torch held in the same manner, will instantly go out; and in this experiment is seen its force, for hold high, it burns as at other times; but lower and lower, blewer and blewer, till it extinguish; 'Tis kept locked, lest some silly Animal should go into it for shelter, as once a Pilgrim did, and died.  
The Solfatara has Hills round it, and seems to be a 
Solfatara.  place where a Mountain once stood; the ground is very hot, sounds hollow, and in divers places the Sulphureous smoke issues with great noise and violence: They make Cups and Pots of the Earth, which are used Physically, and gather great quantities of Sal-Armoniack, Nitre, Vitriol, and other preparations, from this natural Labratory. As anciently, so it is still believed to be the mouth of Hell; the Father's Capucins just by it, hearing oft Sighs and Groans of Souls in pain, and sometimes see them in the shape of Birds with humane faces, come out thence to air themselves, with a great black Keeper, like a Raven with them; at whose dreadful Croaks they all plunge into the fire again.  
Close by the little arm of Sea, of 3. miles and 
Puzzuolo, and Baia.  a half broad, stands Puzzuolo, now a wretched poor place; and on the other side, the Ruins of Baia, to which Caligula made a Bridge, thirteen of the prodigious Piles and Arches being yet remaining: Of that famous Town, some of the Streets may yet be known, but has nothing left remarkable.  
Near it are the Elysian Fields, a place of no great 
Elysium.  Bliss, yet would have still been Paradise, had it not lost its Priests.  
The Piscina Mirabile is a vast Cave, or Cellar, 
Piscina Mirabile.  entirely under ground, lined with a plaster as hard as flint, supported with abundance of huge square Pillars, and supposed to have been a reserver of Water for the Roman Galleys that lay hard by it, in the Mare Mortuum.  
The Cento Camerelle are a hundred little Grotta's 
Cento Camerelle.  in the manner of the former, and for the same purpose, though some say, for to keep Slaves in for the use of the Galleys.  
Of Agrippina's sumptuous Villa, the only entire part 
Sepolc'r Agrippina.  remaining, is her Tomb, which in a dark hole, amongst the Ruins, by Torchlight may be seen.  
Near that on the Sher is a Ruin of Cicero's Villa, 
Villa Cicerone, Lucullo, Palazzo Nerone, etc.  that of Lucullus; a little further, that of Nero's Palace, and other Buildings; and on a Hill washed by the Sea, the Walls of a modern Castle; not much further, Cicero's Baths, formerly in great esteem.  
At a little distance are the hot Baths cut in a hard 
Bagni Tritoli.  Rock in several Entries to Sweat in, which are so warm, that 'tis almost impossible to endure two minutes, at the further end.  
By this is the new Mountain, a Hill, esteemed a 
Monte Nuovo.  mile or two in compass, that about 100 years ago, did rise in one night after, a terrible Earthquake, and almost dried up the Lake Lucrinus.  
Near the Shoar is a great Ruin of the Temple of 
Tempio d'Hercole.  Hercules, and some remains of the Villa of Hortensius.  
The Sibyls Grott is a large passage, cut in a Hill, 
Grotta di Sibilla.  like that of Pausillippus, and formerly a Road to Cuma, now walled up in the middle; about 150. yards within it, there is a straight Entry, which leads to divers little Rooms of several sizes, the one of which has been adorned with Mosaic work, etc. In the furthest, there is a Spring of lukewarm water, which makes it suspected that these Chambers were cut for the sake of that; but being so far from light, or air, than what is suffocating, I cannot guests at the use, or the Inhabitant.  
Just before the entrance into this Grotta, is the 
Lago Averno.  round Lake Avernus; and on the side of it, the Ruins of the Temple to Apollo, which is made an Argument, that the abovesaid Rooms were the Lodgings of a Sibyl: At a little further distance are several scattered Ruins, and in the Hills about it, abundance of Baths and Sweeting places, esteemed good for several Diseases; and in the Romans time had Statues there erected, that pointed, and Inscriptions that told what part and distemper every Bath was proper for; but the Salernian Physicians growing poor by it, went unanimously one night and defaced them both.  
Further on by Cuma is the Lake of Accheron, 
Palude Accherusia.  which now is no more horrid than the former, only its water of worse colour.  
The Government of Naples is by a Viceroy, whose 
Government.  Commission is usually for three years, with the allowance of 24000. Ducats annually, besides what he fleas off the People: He is assisted by a Privy Council, two Secretaries of State, and four Doctors of the Law, called Regenti della Cancellaria, which are termed also his Councillors, and in matters of Importance, are joined with the former. Of the same denomination there are likewise two always residing in the Court of Spain, and sit in the Council of Italy there, exactly to inform them of the State of Naples; and in these, and all Courts of Justice, at least half of them must be Spaniards.  
The City is between eight and nine miles in compass, 
Strength.  with Bulwarks alla moderna, and encloses 300000. Inhabitants, besides Monasteries and Strangers; has an Arsenal and five Castles; a Mole and Squadron of seven Galleys; a Guard of fifty Horse always next the person of the Vice Roy; a hundred Halberdiers that Guard in the Palace; five Troops of light Horsemen, and 4000 Spanish Foot, which are there daily upon Duty likewise, and besides, supply the Castles.  
The Kingdom is esteemed to be 1468. miles in compass; 
Garrisons.  in all the several Castles of which, and Guards upon the Seacoasts, there are but 1608. Spanish Foot.  
The Militia of Horse, called the Battaglione, are denominicon 
Militia.  1020, put into 16. Troops: The Foot of the same 25078. Every 100 Families furnishing five Soldiers, such as their Officers shall approve, which are obliged within, or out of the Kingdom, to serve five years, and then to be relieved by others sent in their room; but during the time of such Service, aught to receive the same pay with the Spanish Foot. Of these, as well as all other Force in the Kingdom, the Viceroy is Captain-General.  
The several Provinces have Governors called Primi 
Governors of Provinces.  Guisticieri, which are allowed a Guard of twelve Halberds, but their Governments last but two years.  
The Revenue, which before the Rebellion, in 1647. 
Revenue.  was to the Treasury fifteen Carlini a Family, besides all other payments, for the maintenance of the Army, etc. and the free gift that every two years the Parliament in that time made, of 1200000. Ducats, is nuw 42. Carlini a Family, in lieu of all the other payments and gifts. And in lieu of the Excise and Gabels that were upon all sorts of things necessary to life, it was agreed likewise to give the King 300000. Ducats yearly, which is since increased 113000. Ducats by an extraordinary Imposition on Tobacco, not included in the Covenant, because judged a thing not necessary to humane life. The Imposition on the Sheep and Pasturage in Apuglia, amounts to 200000. Ducats yearly, And what the King receives in lieu of his Knight's Service, or Tenure d'Adogo, 100000. yearly, which is all the certain Revenue the Spaniards have in the Kingdom of Naples.  
The chief policy in this Government, is the keeping the Nobility at odds, which are so unwise as to be so to the 
Policy.  greatest degree imaginable, not daring any one of them to go 20. miles out of Town, without a Guard of 50. or a hundred Horse, with which they are supplied for the most part out of the Troops of Banditi, that for this reason are by them supported and protected, every great man having his Squadron of Rogues ready at a little summons to attempt any thing upon his Enemy. The Inquisition, they here, would very fain have as severe as 'tis in Spain, but the people are always ready to rebel on the least offer at it.  
The holy Chamber brought by Angels to Loreto, 
Loreto.  has now a Church built over it; before which is a Fountain, and the Statue of Sixtus Quintus; and for yet better security from eyes and hands, is walled about with Marble, beautified with Statues of sibils and Prophets; within 'tis little, the materials brick; has but one Window, and at that the Angel entered when he brought news of the Incarnation; the Furniture is much better, for the Cupboard of Plate they had sent with the House, was only some earthen Vessels; but now it has several of Gold, set with Jewels, besides Silver, Amber, etc. there not being a Prince, nor great Family in Europe, that on the score of some danger or deliverance have not made their presents to it, except the English, who have either been more fortunate, or wiser than the rest. What is of value above all the Riches, is the Virgin with our Saviour in her Arms, made of Cedar, by St. Luke, which came also with the House, and is defended by an Iron-gate: In the Room where they keep their most superfluous Treasure, they show divers rich Gowns, for this Image, which are kept for holidays. It has an Apothecary's Shop belonging to it, for the use of Pilgrims, in which there are some pots that were painted by Raphael Urbino. The next remarkable thing is their Cellar, which is the largest in Italy, stored with vast Tuns of excellent Wine; another mark of People's Charity.   

ANCONA Stands upon the Gulf; towards 
Ancona.  Land is defended by a Castle, and has a short Mole into the Sea; the Tryumphal Arch of Trajane, the most remarkable thing.  
RIMINI Preserves upon a Pedestal the Stone, that 
Rimini.  Cesar stood on, when he persuaded his Soldiers to march to Rome.   

FERRARA Stands on a flat, by the noble River 
Ferrara.  Po; has a Citadel and excellent Walls, with water round them of great breadth: Before the Duomo are two Statues in Brass, of the Family d'Este; and in the Monastery of the Benedictives, the Tomb of Ariosto; and is such a sort of Town as Parma or Modena.   

VENICE, The Freeborn State which neither Athens, 
Venice.  Sparta, nor Rome could boast, stands in the Adriatic, upon little Islands, every way two or three Leagues from Land, for which distance the water about it being very shallow, renders it impregnable; the main Sea is kept off by a long natural Bank of twenty or thirty miles, so that the strongest winds are not prejudicial: The body of the City is esteemed five miles in compass, besides the scattered Islands about it; the Houses so close for want of ground, that there are more than in a Town of double that circuit: It is well built, has divers Palaces, and if inferior to any other City in Italy, 'tis in Churches: The Streets have convenient passage for such as go on Foot, as well as for the Boats, having that admirable Situation, that one may go to every House in Town by Water or by Land: In the middle of it is the Canal Grande, deep and large, over that, and all the rest, Stone Bridges of one Arch, under which their Gondola's conveniently pass; the number of which are said to be 20000. and in all the little Calle or Land-passages, little Shops well furnished.  
The Church of St. Mark has a great deal of Marble, 
S. Marco.  both without and within, as the Front, the Pillars, Pavement, etc. but not modern Architecture, very high over the door, stands the four brass gilt Grecian Horses of Lisippus, sent by Tiridates, King of Armenia, to Nero. The Treasure of this Church is very great, shown always in the presence of one of the Procuratori; some of the principal things are the twelve Suits of gold Armour, set with Pearl, with Crowns worn by so many Virgins anciently on some Festivals; two other Royal Crowns, and the Doges, all set with Stones of great value; three great Carbuncles, a Flower-de-luce with a great Diamond in it; a huge Saphir, a cup of one Turquoises, great Massive Candlesticks, and Chalice of Gold; two Crucifixes set with Pearl, etc. besides Relics of greaier value, as a Tooth of St. Mark; another of Mary Magdalen, a lock of the Virgin's Hair, some of the Blood at our Saviour's Passion; a piece of John Baptist's skull; one of the Stones that was thrown at St. Stephen, etc.  
Before this Church is the fine Piazza built about 
Piazza St. Marco.  with Porticoes; and were it not for the Buildings that almost divide it into two, would be exceeding spacious.  
Next to the Church is the Dogs' Palace; very 
Palazzo del Doge.  large, and was much finer before 'twas burnt, as by that part which escaped, crusted with white Marble apparts: The Duke himself has only one Apartment, the rest employed for the use of Counsels, Officers, etc. The great Senate Room is rarely painted, Roof and Sides, the end over the Dogs' Seat is by the hand of Tintoret, and esteemed one of the four best pieces of the World: By the Chamber, where the Concillio di Dieci sit, is a little Armoury, with Arms in great readiness for 1000 Men; the Muskets always charged, and Match so disposed in a little Engine with Gunpowder, that pulling a string, lights 100 pieces at once; to this, there is a door out of the Council, and the Key lies always by the Duke: There is also a great many Curiosities, as the Sword of Scanderbag, some Persian Armour, secret Arms, as Halberds that discharge several times a Trunk with Pistols, laid Artificially to go off at the opening; Crossbows to shoot Needles, etc.  
The fine Church and Monastery of St. George has 
Monasterio di S. Georgio. ●  an Island to itself, with a Garden both large and pleasant: In the Refectory is the excellent Picture, by Paolo Veronese, of the Wedding in Canaan, where amongst the Musicians he has placed himself; this likewise is one of the four Renowned pieces, and is the freshest and strongest painting of all I have seen.  
Before the Church of St. John is a brass Statue of 
S. Gio. e Paolo.  Bartolomeo Colone on Horseback: In the Chapel of St. Hyacinth the Martyrdom of the two Patrons, by Titian, which is the third famous piece; and that of Mich. Angelo's last Judgement at Rome makes the fourth: In the Refectory is a Painting by Paolo Veronese, almost equal to his other; the Cloister and Dormitory very noble.  
In St. Salvatore there is two Pictures by Titian, of 
S. Salvatore  the Transfiguration and Annunciation.  
The Church of our Lady is built in an Oval, but 
Madonna di Salute.  not yet finished, was a Vow of the Senates in a great Plague.  
In this Monastery of the Carita, there is the raising 
La Carita.  up of Lazarus, painted by Bassan.  
The Arsenal is esteemed three miles in compass, but 
Arsenal.  though not half so much, is vastly great, having Rooms not only for materials, and to make all sorts of Provisions of War, and Magazines for them, when done, but their Docks for Galleys, Ships, etc. are there also, and every thing that appertains to them, there furnished and wrought; all which employs constantly about 1500. Men. In two Chambers above-stairs are Arms for 50000. men, and in two other Rooms the same for 60. Galleys, among which there is the rich Bucentoro, gilded and carved all over, on which the Doge and Senators go to wed the Sea.  
The Island of Murano is the place where their Glass-houses 
Murano.  stand, whose Trade is infinitely decreased, and the Canal by it, the place of Corso, where the Summer Evenings the Ladies take the Fresco.  
The Diversions there in Carneval, are variety of 
Carnevale.  Habits and Humours, 10000 meeting every Afternoon in St. Marks Piazza, of almost so many different Shapes and Gestures, where there is freedom of saying or doing any thing whilst masked: After 'tis dusk, many of the best quality retire to the Ridotti, a sort of Gaming houses where they play at Cards, or talk with the Ladies, a liberty they only have at this Season, and for that reason, the men in general are Cuckolded but once a year, from thence they either go to the Comedies or incomparable Operas, where the Scenes and Voices so far excel the French, that they have scarce resemblance. Towards the latter end of Carneval, they make sport with Baiting of Bulls, and some of their heads are cut off with Swords at a blow: They have Girls, Boys, etc. that play all the Tricks on the high and low Rope, fly down from St. Marks Steeple, with Fire works, etc. In the Cavallerizzo I saw twelve noble Venetians richly armed and dressed with Point, Feathers, and Habits of different colours (to distinguish them) perform on Neapolitan Horses all the exercises of Lance, Sword, and Pistol; at Sea-monsters so placed, that they made a pretty Figure in the action; afterwards the Deities of Earth and Sea in great Machine's being present, to the Music, soft Tromba, and incomparable Voice of rare Antonina, galloped and stopped in such excellent time and order, that no Country Dance was ever better performed, not the least mistake or error happening all the time.  
The Sovereignty is in the Grand Council, which 
Government.  consists of all the other Counsels and Magistrates; next in the Senate, or Pregadi, the College, the Council of Ten, the Quarante Criminale, etc.  
The Grand Council having the Supreme power, confers 
Grand Council.  Dignities, makes Laws, Creates Magistrates, and all the other Counsels, and into it no Noble Venetian can enter, before the Age of 25. years, except by Balloting for it, and then if it be his lot, he may sit at 20.  
The Pregadi are the body of the Senate, so called 
Pregadi.  from being prayed to come to Council, has now an addition of 60. more, called the Giunto, and admits besides the College, the Concillij Criminali, the Council of Tenn, and some other Magistrates, in all to the number of 276. who Vote by little soft Balls like Buttons, white and yellow put into a Box divided, of the same colours, which takes away all fear of making Enemies, and prevents Cabals and Factions: To these are belonging 24. Secretaries, 12. attending, the others with Ambassadors.  
The College consists of the Doge, and six Councillors, 
College.  together styled the Sig ria. and the eldest of them, in the Dogs' absence supplies his place, so that business has no delay: There sits likewise three Capi, of the Quarante Criminale, which represent that Council; six Savij Grandi, five di Terra Ferma, and five Savij alli Ordini; which last, are young men, placed there only to Learn: These receive Petitions, open Letters, give Audience to public Ministers, etc. but no positive Answers, those depending on the Senate. 
Embrs. Aud.   
At the Entrance of Ambassadors into this College, they all rise up, and are bare, except the Doge, who is so only to Cardinals and Princes, on whose right hand they are afterwards placed.  
The Doge is chosen by all the Nobility of above 
Doge.  thirty years old, by Ballotting several ways for Electors, and then they again for others, varying so often to prevent Factions: The Duke, when Elected, has no Sovereignty but in Name, the honour of a Throne, his Mantle and fantastic Crown; yet to make him something esteemed, they allow all Letters to be directed to him, Money Coined, and Dispatches Signed by him, but no Guards, lest he should make himself more considerable: His constant Revenue but 100 Zecchins a week, and his Children and Brothers deprived th'enjoying any great charge in the State, during his Life, he himself not being permitted to go out of Venice without Leave, and is then without any power.  
The Council of Tenn now increased to the number 
Council of Tenn.  of Seaventeen, besides the Duke and his six Councillors, Elected of different Families, without the least affinity or Alliance; are Judges of Treasons and all Criminal matters of highest importance, and Instituted for a check upon the Nobilli: These choose amongst themselves 
Inquisitors.  three Inquisitors of State, who serve by turns, have power to inquire against the Doge himself, and every slight suspicion is sufficient to Banish, Imprison, or punish with Death, without mercy, any that reveal their secrets, or Usurp any of the public Treasure, or Revenue, not regarding the doing an Injustice to particulars for the public good.  
The 40 Criminale is formed most of the Nobilli too; 
Quaranta Criminale.  of which sort of Council, there are two more, of a second Rank, or Poorer Nobility; instituted, that none might be discontented, but every one might have his share in the Government: The one is called Civil Vecchia; the other, Civil Nuova: The first, for Appeals from the City, the latter from the Country; and they sit in Senate by turns, every sixteen Months; which Change is practised, in the Senate itself, the Council of Tenn, and in all other Offices, and Magistrates, except the Chancellor: The People by that means, in a little space, being freed from Oppression, and ill Governors, if such should chance to be Elected: Besides, so many Counsels prevents the Altering of the Government; which from a few, might easier succeed, and sooner dispatch Business.  
The Six Savij Grandi, are a kind of Ministers of State; who every day after Council, consult together 
Savij Grandi.  of that Day's Business; and once a Week, carry what is Ripe to the Senate; and being Men of great Experience, their Preparation prevents the Confusion that would arise from so many Opinions; the Ignorant being ever the greatest Number in all Assemblies.  
The Savij di Terra Ferma are inferior to the Former; 
5 Savij di Terra Ferma.  can give their Votes in the College, but not in the Senate: And of these are chosen the Savio Cassiere, and the Savio alla Scrittura; the first provides and disburses the Money; the other has the Superintendance of the Militia.  
The Procuratorij ought to be but Nine, but are now 
Procuratorij.  Thirty six; increased by their Necessities in the War of Candia, then selling these Honours, for 20000 Ducats a piece; but as they die, will come to their first Institution. The Dignity is esteemed very great; for, having the doors of the Senate always open to them, and freed from being sent Ambassadors, except in extraordinary; yet this Office nevertheless is void of all power, not having the liberty to enter either into the Grand Council, or that of Tenn, but is purely Churchwarden, and without any other Authority than what relates to the Church of St. Mark, the having a care of Orphans, etc.  
Citizens are admitted to have several Charges; one 
Grand Chancellor.  of the Principal is made Grand Chancellor, with the Title of Ex c●. Ducal habit, and the privilege to enter into Senate, Counsels, etc. where he may give his Opinion, but not Vote; his allowance 3000. Ducats a year, and worth 10000 more, is the only place that is for term of Life, and esteemed the best in the Republic.  
They have also three Avogadors, a sort of Attorney 
Avogadors.  General, which to make more fierce and keen, are allowed good part of the Estates Confiscated: The several Providitori, etc. because too tedious, I omit; but 'tis to be observed that no man is suffered to enjoy two places, be they never so inconsiderable, and the Nobility must run through the most inferior employments, before they can possess those that are desirable, by which means they arrive at the great ones, when they are in riper years, and fit to manage them, and the small ones are not despised; for if any refuse the charge he is Elected to, he is fined 2000 Ducats, and Banished the Grand Counsel for two years.  
The noble Families, with those added in the War of 
Number of Nobility.  Candia, are about 220. and before that, to conceal their small number, and take away emulation, they gave leave to Secretaries, Lawyers, Physicians and Notaries to wear their habits, which they still continue.  
They are so Jealous of one another's aspiring to the 
Jealousy.  Sovereignty, that they will not suffer Popularity in any, and therefore poisoned Loredano for having eminently served his Country in quieting and appeasing a Tumult with his single presence, that none of the Magistrates with Arguments or Force could prevail upon.  
To speak with any foreign Minister, or his Servants, is no less than Treason, and therefore they fly them like the Plague, a Policy in such a Government, absolutely necessary, for in so great an Assembly there will be some, from whom Ambassadors by their presents would not want Intelligence of their greatest secrets, and now no Treasure or Reward can prevail to make them hang upon the Gallows by the foot.  
Their own Ambassadors, at their return, are obliged to give in writing an account of their Negociation, and to lay their presents before the Senate which marks of honour, they are nevertheless not deprived of.  
In the Government they leave the Reins lose, in all 
Policy.  things that are not directly prejudicial to the State; their greatest Vices, Wenching and Gaming, are countenanced, because it renders them too Slothful and Effeminate to think of Rebellion; and in imitation of the Nobility, the Religious also take their liberty, it not being in the power of the Nuncio nor Pope himself to hinder; for the Secular Magistrate can only imprison, who will rather protect than punish; and they would not have the Priests of Exemplar piety, lest they should by the Vulgar be too much loved and revered, which might at one time or other prove dangerous to the State; besides, by conniving at their Debauchery, they can the easier get their Monasteries suppressed by the Pope when they have need of money.  
The Spiritual affairs are governed by a Patriarch, 
Patriarch and Inquisition.  which always is a noble Venetian, and chosen by the Senate, who have placed three Nobles also in the Inquisition, as Assistants, without which the ecclesiastics can effect nothing; and ordered that the goods of the Condemned should not go to the Church, but to the Heirs of the Criminal; so that, that, which in other places is a terrible Tribunal, there frights no body, having power only to act by the Senate's will, who suffer Heresy because 'tis a City of Trade, and other Crimes and Sins being inferior to that, are not minded; Lutherans too, etc. are without scruple Buried in their Churches.  
When any Dispatch arrives from Rome, the Senate 
Pope obliged.  make use of two Doctors, one of Divinity, the other of Law; and the latter is to observe there be nothing in it any way to the damage of the State; and then having both Signed it, 'tis presented to the Senate, without whose assent no Bull has there any force; and if it require any Answer, those two abovenamed Doctors form it to their mind; and then sending for the Nuncio, tell him in very good words their Resolution; and if he reply, or desire any further satisfaction in the matter, they are silent; and any Senator that has Relation to a Cardinal, or Pope's Nephew, &c. cannot be at such debate.  
The Devotion of the City in general, is after the 
Devotion.  Example of the young Nobilli, who use the Churches chief for Love appointments: And for the Monasteries of Women, their Exercises are such as would have made even Aretine to blush, being accused of Wantonness, Shameful, and Incredible.  
They permit abundance of Jews to Live and Trade 
Jews.  there, who are obliged to keep a small Bank to lend to the Poor on Pawns, without Interest; and wear red Hats for distinction: These for their reputed Secrecy are very much cherished by the Nobility, there not being one but has his Jew for his Confident, nor Jew without his Protector.  
Their Territroies on Terra serma, are put into these divisions, La Marca Treviggiana, Il Friuli, Il Padovano, 
Government of Terra ferma.  Il Vicentino, Il Veronese, Il Bresciano, Il Bergamasco, Il Cremasco; then part of Dalmatia, Istria, the Islands of Corsu, Zante, and Cephalonia, Cerigo, T●ne, and three places still remaining to them in the Kingdom of Candia. In the Government of these, to make them most secure, they do all they can possible to keep the Nobility at odds, and make them to each other mortal Enemies, a Policy begun by Erizzo Lieutenant of Udine, who observing the great Unity and Friendship of that Gentry, and natural Affection to the House of Austria, writ to the State that they would provide some remedy for the inconveniences that might grow from it. The advice was grateful, and immediately they sent him Ducal Letters to confer the Dignities of Counts on several of the most ancient Families, which he was to do on pretence of rewarding their merits: These Honours were greedily received, and immediately between them and those that wanted, grew a mortal feued, not yet extinguished, which has not only prevented them from having any Plots or Intelligence with their Neighbours, but by their frequent quarrels and follies, made them forfeit most of their Estates, to the great advantage of the Venetians.  
Their strongest places are Orsinuovi, Peschiera, 
Places of Strength.  Linago, castle di Brescia, castle S. Felice di Verona and Palma Nuova in Friuli, which is one of the best, being round, with nine Royal Bulworks, three miles in compass, and requires 8000. Men. It is a Fortification against Germany, and secures that Country from the Ravage of the Turks.  
As to their Soldiers, the Republic is served by 
Soldiers, Galleys, etc.  Strangers, Germans and others, their Militia of Terra Ferma being of little Value, having no experience; but they think them useful on any sudden Alarm, and might resist till they could provide better; besides, do serve to make a show to their Neighbours of seeming always Armed: Their own people they dare not train, nor of them compose an absolute Army, lest they should turn their Arms upon the Nobility themselves, who they perfectly hate: The State therefore leaves them freely to enjoy all manner of Sloth and Luxury; the Republic by their Money only, and others Dissensions, having made themselves thus considerable, not by their own Valour. Of this Militia (such as it is) they have 139. Companies, and the Captains and Sergeants have Pay; they have besides 20. Companies, of 200. each; and 15. Troops of Horse that are all paid; six Galleys always in the Gulf, and 30. more in readiness, which they can double upon occasion.  
Their Revenue is about four Millions and a half 
Revenue.  yearly of Ducats, but in time of War they increase their Gabels and Impositions on all things, which is ever paid without Force or Violence. In the last War with Candia, they sold all Offices, by which they raised 500000. Ducats, the Lands that was given to the Church of St. Mark, Commons, etc. besides the great sum by the suppressed Monasteries, and the advantage they had by leaving the door of Honour open to all that brought 100000. Ducats to be made noble; which last has been of ill Consequence, for being most Merchants that were so admitted, that money, and they, being otherwise employed, they have since considerably decayed in their Trade; the soul of that, and all other States: In the same time they also had a Lottery, with which they got a very great sum of money, and drew most of it out of Strangers pockets, and a long time publicly delayed the giving the Prizes, alleging they were not all drawn; so had the use of both.  
Of greatest advantage is the Banco di Giro, where 
Banco di Giro.  the Republic have the Benefit of more than five Millions of Ducats without a farthing Interest; every Merchant putting in part of his Estate there, which upon any bargain is passed to another without other delay or circumstance, then altering the name; and if any man would have ready money for his Interest in it, there are always those ready to give it him; and who have not moneys in this manner, have not any Credit; for there they go to see the worth first of him they intent to trust, and accordingly confide.  

Money constantly paid into the Public Treasury.   Ducats. Datij di Venezia 1724988 Decime ordinary 240000 Dalli Taglioni 80000 dal Impositione del Campadego 70000 Dalle Decime del Clero 10000 Dalli Contributioni dell'arti 60726 dal Universita dell Hebrei 52000 D'uffitij e Cariche Vitality 25000 Dalli Datij di Terra ferma 1168973 Dalle Decime 2810000 Dalli Taglioni 110000 Dall' Impositione del Campadego 90000 Dalle Decime del Clero 100000 Dalle Colte 40000 Rendite di Dalmatia 11448 Rendite delle tre Isole 132258  4195393 
Constant Disbursments out of the Treasury.   Ducats. Officiali del Arsenale 124000 Per comprare Rob bisognose all detto Arsenale 89033 Frutti chepaga la Zecca 1692657 Per Salnitri 36000 Per Paga del Armata e suoi Bisogni 399043 Per i Biscotti 200000 Per mantenemento delle Fortezze 29000 Militie e Fortezze delle tre Isole 200053 Salarij del Ser more Doge. 97778 Cancellaria Ducale 11910 Per speses straordinarie 148924 Per il Magistrato dell Aque 40738 Per l'occorrenze del Con o. di Dieci 42350 Per la Fanteria di Terra ferma 128140 Per la Cavaliers della Medesima 32380 Per la Cavalleria di Dalmatia 31680 Per l'Offitiali condotti 25000  3135786  
Traffic for many Reasons is forbidden to the Nobili; 
Traffic.  yet privately nevertheless, most of them do use it; but the Trade in General, now is very inconsiderable, having long ago lost that of the Indies from Aleppo, and since that with the Turks, the Genoese being crept into it; besides what the English and Dutch did furnish in the time of their War with Candia; before which they made in Venice yearly 2600. , now not 500 which they sent into Turkey, besides Silks, Gold, Silver, Crystal Glasses, etc. some of which went further on into Persia, Arabia, and Armenia. To avoid Transportation of their Money to any Foreign Country, they wear nothing but their own Manufacture, having very severe Laws against Extravagance of Habit.  
The Pope and this Republic are like those Twins, which 
Interest with Pope.  growing together in their bodies, find such Impediment, that the one would certainly destroy the other, if they did not both know that on the life of his Companion depended his own, and not daring to Ruin, they assist each other.  
To Savoy (though they hate that Duke for his pretention 
Savoy.  to Cyprus) they always give their assistance, lest a more powerful Neighbour should come in his place.  
They have much esteem and affection for the great 
Tuscany.  Duke, believing him very wise, and of great knowledge in State affairs, and because Neutral to the two powerful Crowns of France and Spain, and as a mark of their respect, his Resident is received with open doors, a Compliment not allowed to any other Prince in Italy.  
There was anciently great Enmity between the State 
Genova.  of Genova and this Republic; but since they appeared for the Interest of France, as well as Spain, it is much lessened.  
The Duke of Mantova they call their Son, having 
Mantova.  been under their Protection in his Minority, and upon any occasion are ready to defend his State at their own expense, being desirous he should absolutely depend upon them.  
With Modena they are lukewarm, and with Parma 
Modena and Parma.  no correspondence; upon occasion of a disgust given his Resident at Venice, whether now he sends no more.  
With the Swissers and Grisons they have great 
Swizzers and Grisons  Friendship, as well in respect of resemblance of Government, as to resist Spain or the Emperor; against either of which, for their sakes they would make no scruple to declare open War, and do the like to France.  
To the Emperor's damage they are always forward to 
Emperor.  contribute where it is not prejudicial to themselves, and the rather, because conscious how much they Usurp of his, They conclude he can never be their Friend; and are so strict in their Dominion over the Adriatic, that they make him pay an acknowledgement for all Vessels that come into any of his own Ports in that Sea.  
With Spain at present they have a pretty good 
Spain.  Correspondence, because more inconsiderable than it formerly was.  
There is no Nation they hate so much as the French, 
France.  for they look upon them as Authors of the War in Candia, and the loss of it too, giving them seeming succours only, and behaved themselves there, as they did in their Fleet, assisting of the English.  
With England they ever had, and still have a good 
England.  Correspondence.  
With Holland they did believe they should have had 
Holland.  a lasting Amity, since they had both the same designs and the same fears from the two Crowns; but now out of Emulation of the Hollanders too great Dominion at Sea, there is no more that Friendship.   

Denmark and Sweden are so remote, that they are 
Denmark & Sweden.  insignificant to them, but their good wishes they would soon bestow on the latter.  
With the Great Turk they are forced to keep an Ambassador, 
G. Turk.  called i'll Bailo, lest he ravish some of their Territories in Dalmatia, etc. and out of that fear, frequently make presents to him, and the principal Sultana's in the Seraglio.   

PADOVA Stands on the River Brent; on the Banks 
Padova.  of which, all the way to it, are Villas of the noble Venetians; 'tis environed with a Ditch, and great Ramparts faced with Stone, but not alla moderna; is very large, and therefore very weak, low Built, few Inhabitants, and most of the Houses upon Porticoes of very ordinary Pillars. It has about 400. Scholars and 40. Professors, paid by the Republic, but scarce any Colleges: The Anatomy Schools only are remarkable, and the great Hall of Justice big almost as that in Westminster, and like it, without Pillars: In the Situation, and in every thing else it very much resembles Pisa.  
The Church of St. Anthony has on the side of it in 
S. Antonio.  Mezzo Relievo, the History of its Patron, and some of the Figures, by Sansovinus; and before his Tomb hang thirty or forty Lamps of Silver: On the other side lies famous Gatto Mela, the Venetian General, who near the Church has his Statue on Horseback, made by a Florentine.   

S a. Giustina is plain, but Majestic; the Architecture 
Sa. Giustina  much esteemed, being built by Paladio; the floor Marble, black and yellow, finer than can be expressed, and the high Altar suitable: here are the Tombs of St. Luke and St. Mathias, and the Martyrdom of S a. Giustina, painted by Paolo Veronese; the Monastery also is very fine and large; by it is the Campo Santo.  
There is also a Church dedicate to our Saint Thomas 
S. Tomaso di Cantuaria.  of Canterbury, and in it lies an English Lady, Katherine Whittenhal.  
In the Street is the old Tomb of Anteonor, with 
Anteonor's Tomb.  Gothick Letters on it, which makes it doubted whether his or not.  
'Tis governed by a Podesta, as the rest of their 
Governor.  Cities; a Magistrate that Judges on Life and Death, but suffers the Inhabitants to quarrel as much as they please; for the Padoans having been the Creators of the Venetians, now hate the very name; and they knowing it, suffer them to destroy one another, and gain that way a sweet revenge, having their Estates too into the bargain: The Scholars imitate the others, and have continually a civil War amongst them, but are seldom punished, lest is might perhaps be less famous for Anatomy, or that they should forsake the Town which wholly subsists by them. These Podestas have also the power to lay Tolls, have the care of Highways, Hospitals, etc. Live in State, attended by Gentlemen; have their Guards, Coaches, Pages, etc. Are allowed a Council, but their Government not above two or three years' durance.  
That the Venetians receive by all sorts of Duties 
Revenue.  and Impositions on the City and Country, is annually 174224. Ducats.   

VICENZA Is a very pleasant Town, in a delicious 
Vicenza.  Country, stands upon two Rivers, and near agreeable Hills; has many fine Palaces, most noted is that great one in the Piazza, with the Gardens of Valmarana, Orangerie, Canal, etc. The Theatre built by Palladio, of a particular manner, and his Triumphal Arch by the Corso. This City and Province is Governed also by a Podesta, and the Revenue the Venetians draw from it, is 105311. Ducats annually.   

VERONA Is very large, stands high, in a good 
Verona  Air, and pleasantly; is generally well Built, full of People, abounds with all sorts of Provisions, has the Adice, a noble River runs winding through it, with four Bridges over it; has five handsome Gates and two Castles; has two Piazzas, one for Gentlemen, another for Merchants, and an old Amphitheatre, almost perfect on the Inside, used by the City for several Sports. In the Monastery of St. George is that Saint's Picture, made by Paolo Veronese, so much esteemed that a Lord-Marshal of England could not buy it for 2000 Pistols. The Government is as the two former Provinces, and the Revenue to the State yearly 139845. Ducats.  
In this Province is a Lake of 36. miles long; and 
Lago di Garda.  near 14. broad, as clear as Crystal, full of incomparable Trout and Carpioni; the Country about it most delicious, affording excellent Moscatello, and all things that can be wished for: At the end of it stands a great 
Peschiera.  Citadel, called Peschiera, regular with five Bastions, through which all pass they please to permit, and not possible for any else.   

BRESCIA Is pleasant, has Walls and Ramparts, 
Brescia.  is indifferently well built, not so well, nor by much so large as Verona; has nevertheless several Palaces, one new one with a flat Roof, whose Spouts are held by the Figures of Women, leaning over, as it were peeping at those that pass: In the midst of the Town, on raised ground, is an old Castle, and divers little Rivulets run through it; 'tis famous for Gun-Smiths, whose work is admirable for its cheapness as well as curiosity. The Revenue to the Venetians, out of this Province, is yearly 203680 Ducats.   

CREMA Is a pretty little Town, and well Fortified, 
Crema and Bergamo.  but worse than Brescia in all respects; parallel with Bergamo, both Frontiers to the Spaniards, but the latter the most considerable; four miles beyond these Cities the Venetian Territories end, which hither is 160. miles; a Country like a Garden, with innumerable Rivulets and Brooks, and so fertile that I cannot remember I saw one A●re of bad ground in it. The Revenue of this Province yearly, is 180592. Ducats to the Venetians.   

LODINUOVA: The Spanish Frontier to the Venetians 
Lodi Nuova.  stands upon rising ground, has a River runs by it, is a v●●● little Town, and as indifferently Fortified.   

MANTOVA has ● secure, but base Situation, 
Mantova.  being environed with Marshes, and a Lake, so that there is but two entrances to it, and those over Bridges: The Town is inconsiderable; the Duke a petty Sovereign, of the same force and strength of Parma or Modena, having scarce 400000. Crowns yearly Revenue: His Interest like the rest, to be of any man's side that can protect him.   

MIRANDOLA is another Principality, whose little 
Mirandola.  Monarch, with all sorts of Taxes and Impositions cannot make himself a Revenue greater than an English Nobleman, being at most but 60000. Crowns a year.   

NOVARA Is a Town not well Built, but well Fortified; 
Novara.  is very populous, and the Frontier to Piedmont: nine miles beyond which, the Spanish Dominions end.   

VERCELLI, The Duke of Savoys Frontier Town 
Vercelli.  to the Spaniards has on one side a little River, and is admirably Fortified to be on such a Sandy place: The Bastions are all very fresh and regular, and the watch Tower's covered with Tin, which looks very prettily; the second Gate at the entry from Milan is nobly Built, but the Town very indifferently, yet not very little: Here every one speaks both Italian and French.  
CASAL, a little Town of the Duke of Mantoua's, 
Casal.  and one of the strongest in Italy; has the River Po on one side, and a great Citadel on the other, besides excellent Walls, Ditches, and Ramparts.   

ITALY in GENERAL, except the Apennineses, (which is a fourth part of it) is a perfect Garden; the 
Italy in General.  Trees and lusty Vines being every where set in order, most of it fertile, beyond expression; abounds with Rivers and Crystal Lakes, excellent Pasturage enclosed with Quicksets, Lanes, etc. like England; has the most and the finest Cities, Church●●▪ Palaces, Gardens, Villas, etc. of any Territory of its extent in the World; and this advantage above all other Countries in Europe, that it produces all that they do, and that which they have not. Its Wines are incomparable, and of infinite variety and delicacy, pleasing at once both scent and taste; The Provisions of all sorts excellent, exceeding England in some things, and France in all.  
The Horses admirable, both for shape and mettle, 
Horses.  and they ride and drive them very like the English.  
The Gentry so courteous and civil, that except in 
People.  matters of Love, 'tis impossible to offend them; and to a Stranger they will almost pardon any thing.  
Very constant in their Friendship, but at first 
Humour.  sight not so familiar as the French, being generally more reserved, and too wise to be impertinent, or to be any man's Friend, or Enemy, where there's no reason for it.  
Are of such a happy temper, that they can be excellent 
Temper and Learning.  in any thing they please to undertake, even in Buffonncrie and Fooling, outdoing Monsieur himself, in whom 'tis natural; and besides their being the greatest Soldiers and Generals of all Ages, and excelling too in Politics, the Mathematics and solid Learning for Architecture, Sculpture; Music, and Painting, are as much admired by the wisest of the World, as France is by others, for their Modes of Habit, Speaking, Dancing, Riding, etc.  
The Ladies have fine Shapes and Features, rare 
Women.  Eyes and Teeth, and colour generally not inferior to the more Northern Countries, (excepting some very flaxen Beauties which a too feeble Sun has left unripe) and have as few ill breaths as crooked amongst them.  
Their ●●rtues as great as any women's, seldom being Unchaste, without Temptation, and then with such 
Virtues.  secrecy and caution, 〈…〉 is scarce a fault.  
Have great Wit, and such variety of Charms, that 
Wit and Charms.  their Love never cloys; and their incomparable Voices, and sweet Language, added to the rest, makes Italy a Paradise.   
FINIS.