Supplementum Chirurgiae OR THE SUPPLEMENT To the MARROW OF CHYRURGERIE.  
Wherein Is contained Fevers, Simple and Compound, Pestilential, and not, Rickets, Small Pox and Measles, with their Definitions, Causes, Signs, Prognostics, and Cures, both general, and particular.  
As also The Military Chest, containing all necessary Medicaments, fit for Sea, or Land-service, whether Simples, or Compounds, such as purge, and those that do not; with their several virtues, doses, note of goodness, etc. as also Instruments.  
Amongst which are many Approved Receipts for several diseases.  
By JAMES COOK, Practitioner in Physic, and Chirurgery.  
LONDON, Printed for John Shirley, at the Golden Pelican, in Little-Britain. 1655.   

COOK's SUPPLEMENT to the MARROW of Chirurgery.   

TO THE ACCEPTING READERS.  
FRIENDS,  
ALl rhat I have to acquaint you with, as to this part of the Supplement is, that considering, few having writ fully of Chirurgery, methodically; whether more Prolixely, or Concisely, but they either intermixed Fevers with Tumours, etc. or put them a part by themselves; as may appear in Pareus and Calmeteus. I resolving to steer the same course, rather choose to follow the latter, that so you might at a single view know the cure, as well of those Fevers essential, as accidental. There's added the Small Pox and Rickets; the latter with the rest had come in public view before any other printed in this Nation, if it had been admitted; may be the cause was its insufficiency; however it hath received advantage thereby. You have annexed a Military Chest. The method as to Names and Order is Hildanus', the virtues, doses, etc. of all I picked from various Authors, a Catalogue of which you have in the Marrow only, some others since have fallen into my hands de novo. I have this only to say further, That there are several things in all, which have been successfully experimented by  
Your worthless friend, JAMES COOK. Warwick, the 26. of the first month vulg. March.   

A TABLE general of things contained in the BOOK.  

Sect. 1.  

Chap. I. DIary Fever. Page 3  
Chap. II. Simple Synochus. Page 7  
Chap. III. Hectic Fever. Page 11  
Chap. IV. Interm. Quotidian. Page 102  
Chap. V Quartan. Page 106  
Chap. VI Compound Fevers. Page 128    

Sect. 2.  

Chap. I. Putrid Fevers. Page 25  
Chap. II. Symptoms of Fevers. Page 71  
Chap. III. Intermitting Tertian. Page 88    

Sect. 3.  

Chap. I. Pestilential Fevers. Page 135  
Chap. II. Rickets. Page 209  
Chap. III. Small Pox, and Measles. Page 260    


MILITARY Chest. Page 280   
In which is contained, 

Simple Purgers. Page 281  
Compound Purgers. Page 293  
Cordial Electuaries, and Powders. Page 301  
Aromaticks. Page 315  
Waters, and Juices. Page 319  
Syrups. Page 325  
Roots. Page 331  
Herbs. Page 344  
Flowers. Page 359  
Seeds. Page 363  
Fruits. Page 367  
Oils. Page 373  
Ointments. Page 385  
Fats. Page 392  
Plasters. Page 395  
Gums. Page 401  
Metals. Page 408  
Meals. Page 415  
Instruments. Page 417      

BOOKS to be sold by John Shirley, at the Pelican in Little Britain.  
The Life and Reign of Sultan Orchan, Second King of the Turks, translated out of an eminent Turkish Historian by W. Seaman, the like not heretofore extant in any language.  
Dr. John Ponet, his short Treatise of Politic power.  
The vanity of the lives and passions of men, by D. Papillon Gent.  
The Diocesans trial by Paul Bayne.  
A brief Compendium of the vain hopes of the Jews Messiah.  
Col. Hayes, one of the members for Scotland, his speech to the last Parliament, upon the debate concerning Toleration.  
King James his Judgement of a King and a Tyrant. Henry Earl of Surrey, his Translation of Virgil into English Meter.  
bristols Military Garden, a Sermon by Tho. Palmer.  
The Pastor's Charge and Cure, a Sermon by Nathaniel White.  
A plain fault in plain English.  
The Impiety of Impunity.  
Hugh Broughtons' Epistle to the Nobility.  
The Kernel or Extract of the Historical part of S. Augustine's Confessions.  
Ephraim Pagitts Christianography, or a Description of the multitude and sundry sorts of Christians in the world.  
Dr. May's Relation of the Serpent foun● in the heart of Jo. Pennant, in which many curious questions concerning occult diseases are discussed.  
Potter's Interpretation of the number 666.  
Mr. John Milton of Prelatical Epiicopacy.  
Baro. Herbert de Veritate, de Causis Errorum, Religio Laici, etc.  
Disputationum Academicarum formulae.  
Tho. Gatakeri dissert. de Tetragammato sua vindicatio.   

Good Reader, by reason of the Author's distance from the Press some faults have escaped, the most material he prays you thus to correct. Erratas.  
PAge 27. line 13. read yet for ye. p. 27. l. 16 r, turgid, p. 40. l, 7. deal out. p. 75. l. 14. r. bowl p, 114, l. 23. r, ℈ s. p, 122, l, 27, after partem put M j, p. 17 2, l. 10 r, crass. p, 173 l, 3, after those put in p. 175, l, 5, r, yea, p, 177, l, 13, r, those, p, 182, l, 22, r, ill, p, 194, l, 2, after to put be putting out that after used, l, 4, r, Mij. p, 206, l, 10, for and r, A, p, 236, l, 9, put a comma after wal-rue, l, 27, for five r, take, p, 240 l, 1, r, diabalzemer, p. 265, l, 4, f. secondly, r, twofold, l, 11, r, whit, p, 174, l, 22, r, ℥ ij. p, 275, l, 10, r, plantain water. p, 286, l, 22, for these r, this, l, 23, r, ℥ sp. 334, l, 10, r. ℥ iv. p. 337, l, 21, r, scrophula's p, 340, l, 12, r, ℥ ij. p, 344, l, 10, after kills put worms p, 349, l, 19, r, cleanscth, p, 400, l, 5, for ℥ s. r. ℥ j p, 404, l, 2, r, and, p, 406. l, 8, r, if, p, 421, l, 9 r, be, p, 423, l, 18, r, there is after till, p, 424, l, 1, r, Arcei, p, 430, l, 9, r,  cocolla.   


De Febribus. SECT. I.  

PREFACE.  
Disease's of the body are either outward, or inward. The latter are either universal, afflicting the whole body; or particular, affecting some parts. The first of these are Fevers, which may be divided into simple putrid, and pestilential; the simple, are diary, intermitting, synochus, and hectic. Before particulars premise these generals. First, it is a hot distemper of the whole body arising from preternatural heat kindled in the heart, and diffused with the spirits and blood through the veins and arteries into the whole body. Secondly, it's caused by any thing that kindleth heat in the body, as motion, putrefaction, touching and vicinity of hot things, constriction of the pores, etc. Thirdly it's absolved; First, by altering, wherein so proceed, that the cause be not nourished. Secondly, by mitigating the Symptoms which are especially, thirst his cough, vomiting, flux of the belly, dryness, blackness, and roughness of the tongue, etc. as after.   

CHAP. I De Febre Ephemera.  
THis ariseth from the inflammation of the vital spirits in the heart, continuing the space of a day, therefore called Diary. Signs. Signs. Urinal concoct like natural, if not, it's changed by obstructions and crudities. Pulse quick and oft, yet equal, orderly, great, and strong. Heat is sudden, without loathing, laziness, sleeping, or frequent yawning preceding; to the touch being pleasant, and gentle, there's little or no cold, or shaking, unless the body be ill habited, or it be caused by the sun, or cold, Pain and heat of the head oft, abundance of hot and acrid breathe, the pores being obstructed. The causes, are procatartick, of which in the Differences. Progn. Prognostics The cure is easy, unless it pass into synochus sinè putredine in a body young and plethoric, or into a putrid the fourth, or fifth day in cacochymicks, or in hectics, or bodies hot, Cure. dry, or thin. Cure: first, altar by coolers, and moisteners, either inwardly given, as cream of barley, fountainwater, with Syrup of lemons, or maiden hair, pleasant cooling broths, hydrosacchar. etc. or outwardly applied to the region of the heart, pulse, and forehead, as oxyrrhodon, etc. Secondly, evacuate, either by opening a vein, if there be fullness, or by gentle purging, if there be ill habit. Baths of warm water used by the ancients, are suspected. Thirdly, strengthen the stomach. Differ. The differences of the Fever taken from the causes. As, I. Cold (especially when the patiented goes from violent exercise into the cold air) than it assaults sinè horrore, urine, and pulse are little changed, the heat in statu is moderate: here sweeting is to be provoked at the end of the fit. II. Constriction of the pores, known by the hardness & compactness of the skin, this ariseth from abundance of blood, cold, binding, or dryness. It's cured, Cure. first, by bleeding, if blood much offend. Secondly, by purging, inciders premised (if there be present plenty) of crass humours; and after sweat cum vino oligophor. valde diluto; which is also excellent, if from cold, for it helps to open the passages and provokes sweat. Thirdly, by losing with hot, and moist temperate baths, moderate frictions, quick washings, if it proceed from cold. III. Crudities, and that numerous, known by the present signs of the affected stomach. Here, First vomit, if there be loathing, and easiness to vomit. Secondly, purge, if vomiting be hard. Here glisters may be used, by which part of the crudities may be drawn away Thirdly, corroborate by medicines, opposing the quality of the offending humours. IV. Buboes, known by the presence of the bubo, by the swiftness and greatness of the pulse, much heat, and redness of the face. In this, draw blood sufficently, the bubo moderately appearing; for so it vanisheth, by applying either repellers or relaxers, otherwise it's to be suppurated. V Heat, to this use cooling diet. VI Labour, here command rest, and a more liberal diet. VII. Weariness, then use frictions. VIII. Anger, here command quietness, rejoicing; bridle choler, and use cool meats, and drinks. IX. Sadness, use the same recreations of mind, and thin wine. X. Watching, here sleep XI. Hunger, use a cooling and strengthening diet. XII. Obstructions. If from fullness, bleed; if from ill habit, purge; if these remove not the Fever, it degenerates into other Fever, the cures whereof shall be set down in their proper places.   

CHAP. II. De Synocho Simplici.  
IT's a Fever without putrefaction, or a Diary of many days, arising from the inflammation of the spirits, and thinner blood, continuing without intermission, 3, 4, or more days, and is called Inflativa, because where the blood is heated, the vessels are distended, and there is felt the lassitude of the body. Signs: Signs. urine is more thick, and redder than usual; pulse great, full oft, and quick; laziness without exercise; heaviness of the head, forehead, and temples; heat gentle, moistness of the skin, stretching of the members, straightness of the breast, and difficulty of breathing. It's progress is various, yet equal; hence it hath three differences. i e. Epacmastica, which increaseth continually, Paracmastica, which so decreaseth; and Homoronos, or Acmastica, which keeps the order or form. Progn. Progn. It's not difficult to be cured, because it oftest assaults bodies more strong, temperate, or more hot, or moist, of a middle, age, and fleshy, unless it pass to another. Sometimes it vanisheth, the fourth day, or seventh, with plentiful bleeding of the nose, or sweat, unless some notable error hath been committed by the sick, physician, or attendants, and then it may pass to a putrid, or some other very grievous disease. Causes Causes. are those stirring up a diary, if they fall in a plethoric body endued with a thick habit, or from the thinner blood heated by many hot vapours which are hindered by transpiration. Cure: Cure. first, open a vain, by which the blood is cooled, and an increase of vapours hindered, this is rather to be done oft, and little, by repetition, than once too plentifully, wherein is danger, although in some cases I have known it very successful. It may be done at any time, unless the stomach be full of meat; for then concoction is first to be expected, letting a glister precede, if the belly be not open, or the intestines be filled with crudity; it's to be mollifying, & loosening. Secondly, evacuate the first region, lest serous and bilious excrements increasing, a putrid Fever be produced. These are good, Tamarinds, Rhubarb, cream of Tartar, and syrup of Roses solutive, etc. for they neither heat, nor move too much. Thirdly, altar by appointing cooling potions: plentiful drinking of cold water is now disliked as dangerous, opening Emulsions, and Julips being more safe; the Julips are made of the waters of Succory, Endive, Sorrel, Lettuce, etc. with the syrupes of Succory, Lemons, Pomegranate, etc. adding spirit of Vitriol, or Sulphur, or spirit of Salt, a few drops. If the waters be thought too crude, boil them gently with a little Spec. Triasantal, or Diamargar. frigidun. An emulsion prepare thus; Take of sweet Almonds peeled, and steeped in rose-water, ℥ j of the four greater coldseeds, and of white Poppy, of each 2 dragms; beat them all in a marble mortar, by degrees, pouring upon them barleywater a pound and a half; after strain it, and dissolve therein sugar of roses ℥ iii. & make an emulsion for to be taken thrice, twice a day; this is also excellent in watching. To the heart apply this, ℞. of the waters of roses, bugloss, and lettuce, of each three ounces; vinegar of roses one ounce, diamarg: frigid. ʒ js. camphire, uj grains, and make an Epithem, which apply to the region of the heart, ℞ aq. endiu. cichor. acetoes. ana ℥ iiij. acet. ros. ℥ js. trium santal. ʒijs. f. Epith. admovend. regioni hepatis, also to the liver and loins use cooling ointments. Ex oxyrrhod. unguent. refrig. Gal. vel cerat. santal. oxycrato abluto; forget not glisters. Fourthly; strengthen cum manu Christi perlat. diamarg. frigid. conser. ros. vitriolat. acetosella, etc. Fifthly, use a cool, thin, and moistening diet of broths prepared with cooling herbs, stewed Prunes, baked or roast Apples; cremor hordei & panadoes, let the drink be barleywater, or spring-water boiled, with Syr. of Maidenhair, Lemons, etc. adding Sp. Vitrioli.   

CHAP. III. De Febre Hectica.  
THis possesseth the solid parts, which constitute the habit of the body. Signs Signs. are either such as are general, or particular belonging to its differences; the first, heat without pain, because now there's an alteration of the solid parts; at the beginning its weak, for the vapours are few; after more biteing, because in the solid parts; greater in the arteries, being communicated from the heart; more an hour or two after meat, without horror, or trembling; with the pulse great, and swift, which ceaseth, the meat being distributed: the heat drieth the radical moisture, wasteth the humours, and consumeth all the fat in the body: it's double; first sine Tabe, Differ. when the dewy moisture of the parts is not yet wasted, when it gins, it's difficultly known; in the progress there are signs of a diary, the heat increaseth the third day, after meat, others, cum Tabe, and that's double; one called Marasmodes, when the dewy moisture is wasted, and the fleshy substance vanisheth, than the body waxeth lean, the temples-fall, the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet are hot; the excrements of the belly, and urine fatty. If there be as bran in the urine, the bladder not affected, tumour of the legs, flux of the belly, death is threatened. The other is, when the fibrous and membranous substance is violated: hence follows Marasmus, which sometimes falls out preternaturally in young and old, sometimes arising from defect of aliment, extinction of the heat, either because of age, or a schyrrhous tumour: II. Some are simple, others are complicate, either cum putrida intermittente, and then the greater part of the heat remaineth in fieri, lesse, passeth in factum, and then in the end of the fit, the place of the arteries are hot, the rest of the parts temperate, pulse quick, meat strengthens not, or cum putrida continua, and then it's difficultly known; there remains a dry hotness, after the end of the declination, or whole fever, the body is more extenuated, the urine is fatty; and oily. Of these, and their degrees, vide Medul. Chirurg. Causes Causes. thereof are either other fevers, as burning, and long fevers, or diseases of the inward bowels, especially the heart, and parts of the breast, kidneys, stomach, midriff, or external evident causes, which waste the substance of the solid parts, etc. Progn. Progn. The first degree is easily cured, the third incurable, the second betwixt both; the hectic most oft assaults from 28. to 35. years; for in that time heat is more intense, and more easily draws on wasting: that which breaks out before this age, or a little after, more easily invades, and is sometimes cured, or the life may be continued a long time by palliating means, especially in women. Cure: Cure. If it have its original from another disease, that's to be removed before it can be cured; if complicated with a putrid fever, the putrid is to be removed by bleeding and purging, as also medicaments opening, and hindering putrefaction, in the interim the hectic is not to be neglected. If it be simple, than first use coolers, and moistners, inwardly; as Flor. violur. borrug. buglossae, sem. quatuor frig. lac perlarum, corallorum, and others very gentle, lest the weak heat be overthrown; as ℞. aq. endiu. lactucae, acetoes. ana ℥ iiij. syr. viol. nymph. pomor. ana. ℥ j Misc. f. julep. pro tribus does. bis in die sumendis, & per plures dies continuandis; or ℞. hoard. integr. p. j f. endiu. cichor. lactuc. pimpinel ana Mj. flor. borrag. buglos. viol. & nymphaeae ana p. j prunor. Damasc. par. iiij. coq. ad lb js. in colat. dissol. syr. de cichor. simple. & de nymph. an. ℥ ij. f. Julep. pro quatuor dosibus; of the same Simples make broth thus. ℞ rad. Chinaeʒ j s. hoard. integr. P. ij. quatuor sem. frigid. major ℥ s. contunde, iisque impleatur venter capi aut pulli junioris, fiat juscul. cui add. sacch. ros: ʒ s. cap. per longum tempus, it strengthens and feeds. ℞. Amygdal. excortic. & in aq. frigid. infus. ℥ j sem. quatuor frig. maj. & papav. alb. a. ʒ j contund. in mortar. marmor. sensim affund. aq. hoard. lb j in colat. dissol. manus Christi perlat. ℥ iiij. f. emuls. pro tribus dosibus; if you would cool more, add to every dose of Julep and Emulsion, Sal. prunel. ℈ ij. velʒ j observe, it's more profitable to cure by degrees, than too suddenly; and moisteners are always more safe than coolers, because they exercise their power more gently and slowly. Secondly, purging, if necessary, are Cassia, Manna, vel syr. ros. these only cast out; yet if crudities stuff the first region, which may be produced from the weakness of the stomach, then use an infus. ex Rhabarb. cum decoct. Prunor. Tamarind. Myrob. Bugloss. & Viol. if there be not great weakness: if putrefaction be joined, those purgers that draw may be used. Thirdly, diet, & this in all Chronical diseases is of chief use, here, and more than medicam. therefore there's special care to be taken that it be cooling, and moisten, as the milk of women, asses, cows, unless a putrid fever be present; also broths of chickens, cocks, capons, veal, kid, mutton, yolks of eggs, with barley, lettuce, purslane, etc. also their flesh, with pheasant, partridge, young hare, panadoes, hordeates, oatmeal-candles, rice-pottage, especially if there be a flux, add sugar, and a few almonds, or rather the coldseeds. Boiled meat is better than roast; if the latter be desired, then roast it less, and temper it with the juice of lemons, oranges, etc. for fish, use those that are taken in gravelly places. Vide medul. Chirur. For fruit, apples cool the blood, pears, prunes stewed, or currants thus prepared ℞. passul. mund. lb. j temperentur in aq. endiu. bugl. & rosar. & abluantur diligentissimè, ut vis laxandi amoveatur; posteà in iisdem. aq. decoq. leviter, add. paulul. sacch. ad perfectionem, cum quo serventur usui, iísque utatur aeger mane, & post. singulos pastus. They nourish the body without heating; but because the hectic heat is fixed in the solid parts, therefore those aliments which are solid, and viscous, are fit to be used to dissipate it, as the legs, and feet of animals, flesh of snails, crabs, tortoises, and frogs: by these the parts are easily agglutinated, and the dryness of the solid parts removed, they being not easily wasted with the feverish heat: but these are only to be exhibited in the beginning, whilst there remains strength in the concoctive faculty, but in the confirmation not, but rather those of more easy concoction, unless they be fitly prepared, i. e. boiled to consumption, or prepared by contusion, especially testudines terrestres; not only in a simple Hectic, but also cum Tabe. They are divers ways prepared, either boiled in water, till they be dissolved, and cast away the shells, and after boiled again in aq. cichorii, acetoes. borag. hordei, & prunor. if a hectic be simple; but if cum Tabe, then cum fol. rubi, portulac. & plantag. drinking the broth, and eating the flesh for twenty days; they may be made up in paste; and gently baked; as ℞. carnis testudin. in aq. hoard. elixat. ℥ iiij. amygdal. infus. in aq. ros. ℥ vj. pinearum eodem modo infus. ℥ ij. 4. sem. frigid. maj. ana. ℥ j anisi non pulver. said in furno leviter coct. ʒ j s. cinam. ʒ ij. sacchar. in aq. ros. dissolute. ad pondus omnium, fiant morsuli; instead of the snails, use the pulp of capons, or partridges, as ℞. pulp capon. & perdicaelixatae a. ℥ iij. amygdal. in aq. ros. macerat. ℥ iiij. pinear. ℥ j s. sem. papav. alb. ʒ ij. gum. Arabic. & Tragacanth. ʒ j s. manus, christ. perlat. ℥ ij. cum pauca aq. ros. f. pasta regalis auro obducta; to those whose stomaches are more weak, give jellies, or strong broths, as ℞ capon. elect. poplit. vituli vel femor. veruec. pedes vituli N. ij. aut veruecin. N. vj. coq. in aq. fontan. ad sufficient. consumptionem, jusculum colat. per expressionem & pinguedin. remotam in colat. dissol. sacchar. alb. lb j alb. ovor. N. vj. croci, vel cinam parùm; agitentur simul, posteà bulliant leviter, ac transmittantur per manicam Hippocrat. bis, aut ter, tandemque jusculum accipiatur vasculis, ubi concrescit in gelatinam. If the taste of the Saffron, or Cinnamon displease, or if you would have it cooler, add instead of them the juice of one Limon, or Citron. For a broth use this, Take a good Capon pulled, gutted, and chopped to pieces, from which take the fat and skin, adding if you please Mutton or Veal so ordered; put them in a glassed pot, in the middle of which let there be a grate of wood, or other matter; upon which so place the pieces, that the bottom of the pot may be empty, after cover the pot, luting it well with paste, then boil it in B. M. for 5 hours, there will be in the bottom a clear broth, of which take with broth, or of itself 2 or 3 spoonfuls, 3 or 4 times a day; these distillations being made per descensum, strengthen and nourish the solid parts more. Their drink is to be barleywater alone, or mixed; cum syr. acetoes, vel granat. or water wherein is boiled bread, adding a little Sugar, yet in case the stomach be very infirm, use thin wine much diluted, which helps concoction, and distribution. Gal. gave cold water, and by it glories, he preserved many from marasmus. Yet in the giving thereof there is to be great caution; for where the body is much wasted, there it's in danger to destroy the languishing heat. It may help, where a Hectic is threatened, or in beginning in those that are accustomed to drink it, or where as yet blood abounds. The Air is to be temperately cold; if not, it's to be corrected; in Summertime the sick is to inhabit under the earth, which is cold, especially windy, and opens to the West. This alone hath cured in a Month those extremely macerated: if the air be hot in the vault, cast cold water upon the pavement, or pour it from a vessel (the noise of which provokes sleep) and then sprinkling the pavement with water will serve, and oft strewing cool herbs. Much company is to be forbidden, unless the Air be very cold; it's true, cold air may condensate the skin, and so hinder transpiration; yet the profit gained by receiving it in by inspiration, is greater than that discommodity which may be helped, if the sick be well clothed. In case, with the Hectic there be an ulcer of the lungs, than the Air is to be temperately warm and dry. Motion is not fit, unless gentle, if strength will permit, a little before meat, or in place thereof soft frictions, but not much, especially presently after sleep, beginning at the lower parts, rubbing only till a light redness begins to appear; this calls out the internal humours, if more, it dries the body; coiture is to be rejected, as greatly resolving the body: sleep not too long, for it draws in the heat, and heats the bowels, not too short, for it dries too much; therefore rather the first, being sleep moistens, which is good in this fever. It's to be in a soft wool bed, changing oft the linen, which is first to be besprinkled with Rose-water; Baths are very beneficial, which are to be moderately hot, using them in the morning after the excrements of the body are cast out, either by nature, or art; taking two, or three hours after, broth, or milk, or yolk of eggs. Let the sick continue in them so long till he wax warm, and after be cold; but if he cannot stay so long, cold water is to be poured in at pleasure; yet so, as that there may be in the Bath a threefold quality. The sick is to stay in the hot a little, in the warm less, and in the cold lest of all; though these by the Ancients were only of simple water, yet it's more profitable, and humects more, if made of a decoction of mollifying, and humecting herbs, as Malualthaea, violar. etc. or of Barley, and Almonds, used especially in Summertime, because those made of herbs sooner corrupt; after cleanse him gently with warm linen; which done, anoint cum ol. viol. amygd. d. vel butyro insulso, ung. Zacuti, etc. If the sick cannot endure bathing, then use Epithemes, as ℞. aq. ros. nymph. & portulac. an. ℥ iij. succ. granat. ℥ j diamargar. frigid. ʒ ij. oss. de cord. cervi ℈ j camphor. g. iiij. f. epith. cord. admovendum, ℞ aq. endiu. lactuc. cichor. an. ℥ iij. acet. ros. ℥ j trisantal. ℈ ij. spod. ex ebore. ℈ j f. epith. hepati admovendum, to which may be used ung. ros. vel cerat. santal. but sparingly, because they may increase the fever, whilst the former medicaments are using, strengthen the bowels with fit opiates, as ℞. conser. flor. borag. bugl. viol. ana. ℥ j conser. flor. de Nymph ℈ iiij. spec. diamarg. frigid. ℈ iiij. rasur. ebor. oss. de cord. cervi a. ʒ s. margar. pp. & coral. pp. a. ℈ j fol. auri N. iij. cum Syr. de pomis fiat opiate. This is to be observed in great extenuations. Nutritive glisters are oft to be cast in, made of the broths of Chicken, Sheeps-heads, with sugar and eggs, the quantity is to be but little, otherwise they press the bowels, and stir up expulsion. The chiefest symptom that follows the disease, is a flux of the belly, which oft brings death, to bridle which, for ordinary drink use the decoct. of barley toasted, Syr. Cydonior. ros. sic. lact. chalybeat. oriz. coct. in lacte, & similia. Frogs are excellent in a hectic.    

SECT. II.  

Preface.  
PVtrid fevers are divided into several kinds, as continual, and intermitting; now the first is subdivided into those that are either primary essential, or symptomatical; the essential is when putrefaction is inflamed in the common veins without the private parts, the symptomatical is when the same is in any particular part, from which by the common vessels, the putrid vapours are continually communicated to the heart, such appears in Pleurisies, peripneumonias; and inflammations of other internal parts. Again, the primary continual are double; for one extends from the beginning: o the end without remission, and is called Synochus or Continens; but others have manifest fits and remission, and are of three kinds according co the variety of their fits; as a continual Tertian, Quotidian, and Quartan. Other differences tre given, which are either accidental, or arising from the ormer: all which shall briefly and severally be explained.   

CHAP. I De Febribus putridis.  
AS continual Fevers are variously differenced, so they might be distinctly handled, but it's needless, being the same remedies may serve; only a little varying according to the degrees of the disease, which depends rather upon the judgement and art of the Physician, than necessity of peculiar precepts; therefore they may be fitly put together; & what is necessary in respect of difference, may be noted. Before entry be made upon particulars, receive these generals. Causes. First, Putrid Fevers arise from hot vapours stirred up from putrid humours preternaturally heating the heart. Secondly, they invade cum horrore & rigore, no antecedent cause preceding, yea no procatarctick, unless the body be so disposed that it's moved upon small occasion. Heat from the beginning is not sharp: propter suffocationem, in the increase biting, propter fuliginosum excrementum; urine is crude, or obscurely concocted, pulse from the beginning small; the systole more swift than the diastole, because of the abundance of fuliginous vapours. Thirdly, the immediate cause is abundance of sharp biting putrid vapours that cannot be discussed. The mediate is putrid humours, either so in the ill natures thereof, from ill aliments easily putrifying, or from external, as obstruction of the pores. Fourthly, Cure. the cure in general is absolved; first, by opening a vein in continual Fevers on the third day, in intermittings after. Some gentle lenitive premised, it's to be repeated the same day if for evacuation; after, by intervals, if for revulsion sake. Secondly, vomit with aqua benedict. etc. Thirdly, purge; where first, use lenitives, before preparing, especially in continual, and acute Fevers, than stronger, after preparing; ye this may be omitted, if the humours in primis viis, are not mixed with the blood in the veins or it be turned. Fourthly, sweat by medicament, not too hot, lest the Fever be increased, yet those may be used in the beginning. It's to be repeated as oft as necessary. V Diet, in which let meats of good juice and easy of concoction be used: drink is either to be nutritive in great weakness, or medicinal, as decoct. Hord. etc. In continual, at first give little, afterward more copious; in the very fit of intermitting, none, lest the separation and exclusion of the putrid humour be hindered. But to return to particulars. A continual primary Fever is begot of putrid humours contained in the greater veins and arteries, and differs according to the various nature of the humour. A putrid Synochus ariseth from putrid blood in vena cava; and although it may be distinguished into many fits, yet it spends forth itself as in one, lasting from the beginning to the end. Of this there are three simple differences; The first is, when from the beginning to the end it endures equal: in this through the whole disease there is the same quantity of putrefaction, and this is called acmastica. The second is cal●ed epacmastica: in this the fit increaseth a little, because there is more putrified then dissipated. The third is called paracmastica: in this the fit decreaseth, here being less putrified than dissipated: these have also their four times, if they conclude in health, yet various: for acmastic. hath a short beginning and increase, but a longer state, etc. This is to be observed. Time in putrid Fevers is doubly to be considered, either as to the symptoms, or as to concoction, or crudity, which two, although they oft fall out in other Fevers, yet not in Synochus. Now a Synochus is twofold, the one from putrid blood, the other from putrid choler, putrified in the greater vessels, which is named according to the humour putrified; for although the whole mass of humours contained in the veins, obtain the name of blood, yet it's to be considered in its four parts, the more temperate thereof being called blood, the hotter bile, the more crude and cold phlegm, and the more thick and feculent melancholy. Now if the more temperate part called blood do abound and putrify, it causeth Synochus sanguinea, but if the bile, than Synochus biliosa. The signs Signs. of the several continual Fevers are distinctly, as followeth. Synochus putrida sanguinea hath the same signs set down in a simple Synochus; but more vehement, as heat, watching, pain of the head, thirst, unquietness: urine in the first two days is not much unlike healthful; but afterward it's red, thick, very confused, and without sediment; yet sometimes there's abundance of red and thick sediment: the pulse is great, swift, often, unequal and inordinate: the systole greater than the diastole; if there be abundance of humours heaped up in the stomach, in the beginning it provokes vomiting. If Synochus Biliosa, the urine is sharp, fiery, although in the beginning crude; pulse swift and oft, loathing, choleric vomiting and stools, thirst bitterness of the mouth, blackness and dryness of the tongue, delirium; it oft falls out in summer, in a dry and hot habit; this is distinguished from a continual Tertian thus; for this hath fits, and that none. A continual Tertian signs are the same with a burning, only by reason of the bile it's more sharp every third day, the cause of the remission is as well the distance of the place where the vapours are begot, as also the less quantity thereof; for the present vapours are dissipated before others come in the place. A continual Qua●tanes signs are: the heat is obtuse, and not so sharp as from choler, yet sharper than from phlegm; the thirst is less than in a Tertian, but more than in a Quotidian; the pulse at beginning slow, seldom, languid, after strong, quick, and very unequal; the urine in the beginning thin, after various; the body dry and lean, the colour yellow, the temper cold and dry, age declining, and the time Autumn, sometimes often spitting. Quotidiana continua, it's more sharp towards the evening every day, because of the motion of the phlegm; the heat in the beginning is to the touch gentle, after more sharp; but unequal, because of the crass humours which are difficultly dissolved. Urinal in the beginning is white, waterish, and troubled, after somewhat red and thick. Pulse slow, seldom and less than in other Fevers. Thirst little, sweat seldom, unless salt phlegm be present, the face is puffed up, lose and lividish; time, winter; temper, cold and moist, excrements phlegmy, and the fit daily. Burning Fevers signs are; burning heat, unsatiable (thirst unless ough causing an afflux of humours from the neighbour-parts mitigate it) a tossing of the body, urine little, sometimes crude and filthy, sometimes thin, very bilious and slimy: other signs are set down before in Synochus Biliosa; but observe; the signs of a bastard burning Fever are more gentle than the former. Febris Colliquans is known by a sudden Consumption of the body, and hollowness of the eyes, falling of the temples, sharpness of the nose, the dejections reddish, fat, tough, stinking, troubled, bilious and frothy, urine fat and oleous. Febris Horrifica & Assodes are known by what is to be set down in their description. In Feb. Elodes, the skin is continually wet with humours, the heat to the touch is not very sharp; if from malign causes, the urine differs little from healthful; if the fat waste, than its fatty; if the flesh, than there is like pulse in the urine; or if the blood and humours waste, then there's a great deal of urine for many days; to these are added strength much wasted, pulse is small and slow. If from great putrefaction, the urine is thick and confused, the pulse great, soft, and frequent. Feb. Syncopalis hath its name from the Symptom, and is known by oft swooning and fainting. In Epialas▪ there is heat and cold felt in the body at one and the same time. Causes of all are as followeth. A Synochus putrid is wont to be generated of those causes that produce a simple Synochus, and so not only the constipation of the skin, but the obstruction of the vessel from much blood, Causes. and tough crass humours, which hindering transpiration of the smoky vapours, putrefaction of the blood is generated. Continua. Tertiana draws its original from bilious blood putrified in the Cava, this being produced from hot and dry, or thin diet, hunger, hot and dry distemper of the liver, etc. Contin. Quotid. is produced from putrid phlegm in the Cava; it oft happens to children and aged, sometimes lasting sixty days, seldom dissolved before twenty; it extremely weakens the stomach, hence Cachexia & Hydrops. This Fever falls out seldom, because phlegm doth not so easily putrify. Contin. Quartan. is caused from melancholic blood putrified in the branches of the Cava, arising from its proper causes: this happens most seldom. The accidental differences of Fevers are taken from the complication of perverse Symptoms with the essentials, Diff. and from thence are denominated, Feb. Caus. Colliquans, Horrifica, etc. Feb. Caus. is divided into true, and bastard; the first is from bile putrified in the greater veins near the heart, in this the Symptoms are vehement; the second is either from bile mixed with phlegm, or salt phlegm putrified; and here the symptoms are more gentle. Hence it's manifest, that there is no other true burning Fever then a continual Tertian, in which the matter is more sharp and abounding in the vessels near the heart, whereas in a simple Continual Tertian the matter is less, and in vessels more remote from the heart. Again, an exquisite burning Fever is of two sorts; one which continues in one only fit from the beginning to the end, and this is above called Synochus Biliosa vel Arden's, this is from bile putrified occupying the vessels most near the heart; Causes. the other contains many fits, and is called Arden's Parodica. In this the same matter is not so near the heart. Feb. Colliquans is a kind of a burning Fever; for the greatness of the heat doth waste the fat, flesh, and substantial solid parts, and sometimes the humours in the veins by insensible transpiration, sweat, urine or stool; it's from a thin, sharp, and bilious matter, which gins to burn vehemently, and this is not seldom joined with a malign and pestilential quality Horrific. Feb. in which horror happens, is caused from bile and phlegm, or serosities mixed, which move unequally, and the horror is stirred up, either from bile, and crude humours, burnt, putrified and moved, or thin, sharp, and serous matter biting the sensible and nervous parts; or lastly, the crude humour shaking nature in vain; hence the heat being driven back to the centre, the extreme parts are cold, and the same presently issuing out heat. Assodes, this may be referred to the burning Fever, in which the sick is cast down, grieved with much unquietness, bearing the disease grievously, and that oft with loathing and vomiting, being it ariseth from sharp bilious humours biting the mouth, or tunicles of the stomach. Elodes, in this sweat is continually poured out, and is caused from the great heat of the putrid and malign matter dissolving the substance of the body, Syncopalis is double: the one is from humours thin and small, yet venomous and corrupt, and this is called Minuta; the other is from abundance of crude humours, and is called Humorosa, which may be referred to pituitous fevers; only here the quantity of matter is more great, with a weakness of the mouth of the stomach. Epiala, in this is felt heat and cold at the same time through the whole body. They have two causes, the one from a certain glassy phlegm mixed with bitter choler diffused through the whole body: from the choler is the sense of heat, from the phlegm the sense of cold. The other is from glassy phlegm alone, but partly putrified, & part not. That which is not putrified causeth cold, the other heat, and both at the same time; it may also be generated, when two intermitting Fevers fall out in one day, or an intermitting, and continual, the heat of one Fever falling out with the cold of another. There are other accidental differences of Fevers, which may be referred to symptomatical. Those are named Symptomatical, which arise from the putrefaction contained in any of the bowels, as these following; a Pleurisy, peripneumonia, phrenitis, angina, inflammatio hepatis, and other internal parts, ulcers or abscesses. Yet diligently observe, that Fevers joined with inflammation of the parts are sometime essential, and not symptomatical; the inflammation of those parts following: for the body being full of corrupt blood and stuffed with ill humours, a Fever is stirred up, and so being in motion, by nature is cast to the weakest part, or that which is most fit to receive the humour, whence the inflammation is produced after the Fever, as may be observed in sick, who oft have a Fever two or three days before a Pleurisy appear, and so many in the third or fourth day of a Fever fall into a Frenzy; so for most part in Gouts, before inflammation, tumours, and pain of the joints appear, there commonly precedes a Fever for one, or two days before: so the like may be said, when an Erysipelas. The disposition of the urine also shows the same, discovering manifest notes of putrefaction contained in the veins; for in the beginning they appear crude, but after they show signs of concoction: then also the blood drawn is very corrupt, which is not when Fevers are Symptomatical, or depend upon other inflammations; now these Fevers, whether Symptomatical, or Primary, if joined with inflammation of the parts, have their accidental differences; for if the Fever be from blood, it's called Phlegmonodes; if bile referring to the nature of an Erysipelas, it's called Typhodes; but a peculiar Erysip. of the stomach and guts causeth Febris Lipyria, in which the outward parts are cold, and the inner burne, the hot blood and spirits being drawn to the place inflamed, causeth intense heat with unquenchable thirst, whilst the external parts left by the same, are cold. Feb. Lenta is usually referred to the Symptomatical; this ariseth from matter without the vessels poured out into the substance of some of the bowels, or in the capillary vessels dispersed through the bowels, and so putrifying. In these is gentle heat afflicting, with which there's apparent notes of putrefaction, in the urine and pulse no grievous Symptoms molesting the sick, there's wasting of strength, the body by degrees consumes, it lasts forty days; purging exasperates, when portion of the putrefaction is poured out into the veins, it stirs up a Fever. So mild, that the sick is scarcely sensible of it; others arise from some corruption & putrefaction out of the bowels, whence by their veins inserted are communicated putrid vapours to the heart, & heat it; & it's sometimes more gentle, otherwhile more vehement and acute; these happen most oft in putrefaction of the lungs, call, mesentery, spleen, liver, womb, or the secondine in the womb; also by fistulas penetrating to the inward parts, and sometimes by the corruption of these. To these may be added, that oft found in those labouring of the Greensickness, which arise, from serous phlegm poured out into the body, lightly putrified. Besides these common differences of continual Fevers, there arise some from peculiar causes which offer themselves, as is related by Zacutus, of a child who laboured of a Fever with grievous unquietness, convulsive motions, continual loathe, and coldness of the extreme parts, etc. by blood falling into the stomach after the cutting of the ligament of the tongue, which he cured by giving of ol. Amygdal. till it vomited, and glisters: There's other in children arise, as from corrupt milk, worms, crudity and teeth, etc. Prognostics are such as follow. Synochus Putrida, if acute, Prog. wants not danger, yet if signs of concoction appear the fourth day, and no error be committed, it will end safely the seventh day; but if they appear later, it may extend to the eleventh or fourteenth day; but if no signs of concoction appear, and the face of the sick arise like a globe it signifies the length of the diseases. The urine how much the more red it's from the beginning, other Symptoms answering, it's so much the more secure, and the dispatch of the disease, if therein signs of concoction appear; but with signs of crudity it threatens death, especially if there be great weakness; white urine is worst, and most frequently portends death. If there be a flux from the beginning, dissolving strength, and be black and stinking, its ill. Fevers from choler, as they are acute; so they are dangerous, and that more or less according to the degree of the distemper, which is not only to be judged according to the degree of heat, but also from the natural state of the sick, that which most recedes from it, the more danger is threatened. So a burning Fever in aged, and coming in winter, is most oft deadly; the vehement Symptoms are to be considered in all the faculties, in the excrements, change of the qualities and proper accidents, and lastly the strength is to be compared with these; for if the patiented appear to have sufficient strength to encounter with these, there's the more hopes, if not, there's cause of fear. Quotidian uses to be long from the crasseness and contumacy of the humour; yet if there fall out in the course thereof many evacuations, it may be shorter; if the Symptoms be too hard for the faculties, it's ill; there's oft obstructions. of the liver, and spleen, occasioned by its length, so that there follows a Cachexia, or Hydrops. Quartane primary and continual is very seldom, yet sometimes it degenerates to an intermitting, and that's oft deadly; for the rest being denominated from their Symptoms, there to give prognostics is need less; however observe, the prognostics of Symptomatical Fevers are best drawn from the part affected, vehemency of Symptoms and strengths of the faculties. Cure Cure. is thus performed, 1. Bleed, which represseth the heat of the blood, lessens its plenitude, whether it be ad vasa, or ad vires, either in the whole, or in part; it corrects the viciousness thereof, revels the flux of the humours obstructing, restores breathing, cools the whole body, hinders putrefaction, and helps to concoct the humours already putrified; therefore it's to be done presently at the beginning, unless weakness forbidden, as in febris Syncopalis, or other causes, as in age; and here Cups are to take place, a Glister or a Suppositary is to be premised; for the quantity to be drawn, it's to answer fullness, strength, age, time of the year, etc. the Ancients in Synochus putrida, & causus used to let blood to fainting; but it's more secure and better to do it by repetition. Avicen in these forbids bleeding, unless urine be red and thick, but nature hath instructed us better, who having foiled its adversary, dischargeth it by an haemorrhage, and sometimes it concludes in a frenzy and other inflammations. Lastly, bleeding stays ebullition, in that the bile with it mixed is drawn forth; for in the mass of blood contained in the greater vessels there's but a due proportion of bile remaining. Now if the urine be crude, and the strength of the sick be lively, and the blood break forth in a heap together, then only the putrid and that which offends nature, is cast forth, the more pure remaining in the veins, nature expelling the most part, this may oft be observed; but if it flow from the vein by drops, it's the most purest. In bilious tempers blood may be taken sparingly, especially in the middle of Summer, or the Dog-days. In pituitous and melancholic Fevers the less quantity of blood is to be taken; yet in the first it may be securely done, if the urine be thick and red; in the latter it's to be drawn from the left arm; in these there is to be regard had, both to coindications, and contraindications, as when a Quotidian falls out in children, or aged, in cold regions, or wintertime; also if it be from too much labour, bleed more sparingly; if a Fever be from too much venery, to bleed is pernicious. For the time of bleeding, 'tis not to be done presently upon taking of meat, but when concoction of the stomach is perfected, and the belly discharged from excrements. It's to be performed rather in time of remission, then in the strength of the fit; for nature cannot well bear the impetus of the disease and ven. sect. together; that which respects reiteration, if necessary, it may be the same day, if to evacuate; but if to revel, then in divers days; for where it's to evacuate (especially in acute diseases) the body is oft suddenly transferred to another state, the principio presently passing over; and then bleeding is not so profitable although it may be used. In revulsion there's respect had to the motion of the humour; therefore reiteration by intervals is good; for by this the blood in any part is drawn into the veins, and so farther; bleeding is to be repeated, especially if that drawn be very putrid, and there seems to be a great quantity in the veins; it's most fit to be performed on the right arm, yet also on the left, when therere's greater tension of the left Hypochondria then the right; yet if to revel, and strength be little, the matter assault the head, and there be pain of the head, and watching, to open veins in the feet is most profitable. Frictions in putrid Fevers are seldom used, unless in syncopalis; Cups may be often used if necessary, especially with Scarification, in case strength & age will not permit ven. sect. II. Pharmaceutica is to be used, and this is of two sorts: evacuation, and alteration; the first comprehends purging, vomiting, sweeting, and pissing; in the second is cooling, attenuating, inciding, opening, and strengthening; all which with their composition and use shall be orderly set down, beginning first with purgers. It's controverted by some, whether there's to be purgers used in the beginning of a putrid Fever, which is thus resolved. If the quantity of the matter immediately producing it, be contained in the greater veins, purging in the beginng is not fit, unless it be turgid, i. e. so stirred up by nature, and provoked by the ill quality thereof, that there's an endeavour to expel it; for hence it's more ready for excretion; and if not removed, it's to be feared may rush upon some noble part, and do great hurt, yet this seldom happens, and therefore concoction is much to be desired before the matter be evacuated. But if the quantity of the matter contained in the first ways be much, by which the Fever is much increased; nature burdened, and the matter contained in the veins be kept from concoction, then purging may be exhibited the day after bleeding, but so gentle, as only to evacuate the first ways, i. e. the stomach, guts, midriff or praecordia, which may be known to abound by loathing, bitterness of the mouth, thirst, pain in the stomach and other parts contained in the lower belly, flux, and other symptoms, upon which account purging sometimes may be permitted the very same day a vein is opened, with these or the like. ℞ cassiae rec. extract. ℥ j pulp. Tamarind. ℥ s. come Sacch. cand. alb. f. bol. or ℞ diacathol. ʒuj. Elec. lenit. vel diapruni simp. ℥ s. cremor. Tart. ʒj. f. bol. or ℞ fol. endiu. cichor. acetoes. an. Mi Tamarind. ℥ s. coq. ad ℥ iij. in colat. dissol. catholic. ℥ s. Mannae elec. & syr. ros. an. ℥ j Misce, f. pot. if you would have it a little stronger, add rhab. ʒj. vel. ℈ iiij. in aq. endiviaes, vel cichorii infus. cum Santal. citri, yea rather sometimes if the Fever be not too intense, add ʒij, vel iij Senae to the decoction. Some reject rhubarb, because it heats, also Manna & Syr. ros. because they are sweet and easily turned into choler, but being either infused or decocted in cooling waters they cannot be ill, especially if in the said decoction be added Pulp. Tamarind. which in this case is excellent. Some use in bilious Fevers the whey of Goat's milk, which tempers the heat of the Fever, evacuates choler, and strengthens the bowels, in Cyatho uno seri lactis insunde per noctem rhab. ʒj. velʒ j s. or add Syr. ros. ℥ ij. vel iij. exhibit in the morning, and after that drink lb ij. Note that Purgers to be used in the beginning of Putrids are called Minoratives, but those used when the matter is concocted Eradicatives, which also may be fit in the beginning. First, if the matter be turgid, i. e. either moving to a determinate part, or so disposed as to rush into a part, which may be perceived by light and wandering pains in divers parts speedily moving, as also oft change of colour in the face. Secondly, if the humours in primis viis. be not mixed with the blood in the veins.  
Sometimes in the beginning of these Fevers, if the sick be given to loathing and vomit, nature is to be imitated and helped in her motion, lest the abundance of excrementitious matter do not only hinder its concoction, but also whither soever it's carried, change the humours into the like, and so increaseth the peccant matter. For all uncleannesses contained in the stomach, spleen, pancreas, mesentery, and hollow of the liver, are profitably discharged by vomit, which sometimes cannot be removed by purging medicines, though oft reiterated. And it's not seldom observed, that the matter cast out by vomit doth take away the Fever at the beginning, which otherwise would continue long, that matter in the more inward parts of the body, and mixed with the blood being transmitted. Vomiting medicines are of three sorts, the more gentle are to be used; as aq. Hord. tepid. cum ol. Amygd●d. or aq. Commun. cum aceti alb. exigua quantitate, also Syr. acetoes. aut oxymel. Simpl. cum jure pulli, vel decoct. Sem. anethi, raphani, aut atriplicis, to which add oil. The quantity to be given is lbjs, or more, for les will be retained in the stomach. But if these be too weak, & not efficacious, it's lawful to fly to more powerful, as is set down in the General cure. Glisters are not only to be cast in from the beginning before bleeding, but also every, or every other day through the whole cure, if the belly flow not freely. They are to be made ex decoct. emollient. & refriger. as of barley, prunes, mallow, violet-leaves, mercury, bearsfoot, atriplex, lettuce, endive, Semperviva, nymphaea, in which dissolve Catholic. cassia, diaprun. S. Sacchar. rub. mel viol. mercurialis, ol. Nympheae, viol. etc. Yet in more intense Fevers use not oils, because they easily inflame. 
First.  Frst, the quantity of your Semperviva is not above three or four Scales in the decoction of one clyster, lest it cool too much, and hurt the guts. Secondly, glisters in all bilious Fevers are not to be cast in actually hot, but gently warm. In pituitous Fevers the decoctions are to be made of Emollients with the seeds of Fennell, Anise, Carthamus, and the flowers of Camomile, Melilot, dissolving therein Hierapic. S. Diaphoenic. Mel. ros. Mercurialis, ol. Anethi, Chamom. vel communis. And whereas above its noted, Eradicatives are not to be used unless the matter be concocted, the Physician from the beginning after the first bleeding, and evacuating the first ways, is to use such medicines as prepare the humour to concoction and evacuation, which together temper the feverish heat, hinder putrefaction, and open obstructions; such are juleps broths, and Emulsions form as followeth; Juleps in a bilious matter are made ex Syrup, Limon. Granator. de Agresta, Acetosa, Syr. de suc. acetoes. de Cichori. simp. oxysacchari cum aq. Endiviae, acetosa, graminis, & cichoris: or much better, ex decoct. rad. acetoes. cichorii, capill. Veneris, Scariol. Dentis Leonis, Sem. frigid. Tamarind. cum Syrup. praedictis; & sometime to cool intensely, add Sal. prunellaeʒ j for every Dose of the Julep, or spir. vitriol. vel sulphur. q. s. ad gratam aciditatem. Also this is excellent. ℞. Succi pomor. redolent. recent. extract. & per residentiam depurati ℥ iiij. Succ. limon. ℥ iij. aq. ros. ℥ ij. Succ. mal. granator. ℥ j Sacc. alb. lb s. f. julep pro tribus dosibus. But if choler be very thin, quae orgasmum faciat, or brings forth Diarrhea, or other grievous flux of the belly, Juleps are then to be made of incrassers, as ex aquis lactuc. portulac. papav. erratic. nymph. rosar. cum Syr. ros. Sicc. viol. jujub. papav. erratic. papav. albi, or ex decoct. lactuc. portulac. plantag. flor. Nymph. papav. erratic. & viol. cum Syr. praedictis. Yet note, that Syr. viol. and those more sweeter are not to be used alone, because as they lose the stomach, so they increase thirst, being turned by the heat of the stomach into hot vapours, before they can penetrate into the veins, 
☜  therefore mix them always come Sir, acetoes. that so they may the more easily penetrate, and resist the feverish heat. In the progress of the Fever concoction appearing, add to the former decoct. rad. asparag. liquirit. fol. Agrimon. pimpinellae, hepaticae, & capil. Veneris. In Chronic, and pituitous Fevers, those things are to be prescribed which incide, attenuate, and open more, beginning with the weaker, as Syr. acetoes. capil. Veneris, Byzant. cum decoct. Agrimon. capill. Veneris, betonic. liquirit. passul. In the progress, to the former is to be added syrup. de duobus & 5. radic. acetoes. compos. de Hyssop. oxymel. simp. & compos. and to the decoct. add rad. 5. aperitiu. fol. Hyssop. card. bened. & (If the matter be much impacted, tough, and viscid) chamaedryos, & centau. minor. to which if sal tartari, & spir. vitriol. be added, it will work more happily. In melancholic Fevers is to be added that which hath a quality to humect, as syrup. violar. buglos. borag. de pomis, in principio, but after syr. de fumaria, & epithym. de 5. rad. oxymel. scill. cum. decoct. prun. bugloss. borrag. ceterach. capil. Veneris, fumaria, lupulor. afterward ex. cuscuta, scordij, centaur, minor. cortic. cap. fraxini, & tamaisci. And lastly, in bastard fevers arising from a mixture of divers humours, the foresaid remedies are to be mixed, yet so as the prescribed medicaments must answer the predominant humour. For the more dainty, medicated brorhs may be used; instead of juleps; and lest the long use of them may weary, the roots and Herbs more grateful are to be chosen; and to them, sometimes when you would cool more, add sal. prunell. vel. spirit. vitriol.  
In gentle and long fevers produced from contumacious obstructions, Chamaedris, though bitter, may be boiled in broth with cichory, it's admirable. In pituitous fevers the decoction of camomile-flowers is excellent. Emulsions are very grateful having place here, they are to be used, especially, where with the fever is joined a dry distemper of the bowels, a thin catarrh, or an inflammation of the lungs, & the parts of the spirits; or lastly, the forms of remedies are to be changed, that the patient may not be wearied with the long use of any of the compositions which are before prescribed. The exhibiting of great quantity of water hath been used and praised both by new and old, but it's use may be suspected, yet with some addition of spir. vitriol. to the quantity of ℥ X. vel. Xij may help to allay the great heat of fevers, the spirits fits the water to open obstructions, and penetrate the sooner, spreading over the bowels, neither stays it in the Hypochondries, as aquasimp. doth. Mineral waters are good although taken in great quantities, not troubling the Hypochondries, being speedily cast forth, these open obstructions, amend strength dejected by the vehemency of the fever. Opiates, and condites to strengthen are to be made of the conserveses of borage-roots, of the leaves of sorrel, woodsorrel, stalks of lettuce, of the flowers of borage, bugloss, violets, cichory, roses, and pulp of citrons: adding the powders of coral, pearl, shave of jvor, heart's horn; Diamargar. frigid. Trisantal. Diarrhod. Abbatis, Confec. Alkermes, & de Hyacinth. as ℞. conser. flor. borag. buglos. & rosar. an. ℥ j confoc. Alkermesʒ j s. diamargar. frigid. rasur. eboris, coralli. proep. & Margar proep. an. ℈ s. sacchar. ros. ad pondus omnium; fol. Auri. Niij, fiat. conditum auro coopertum, quo utatur frequenter ex cochleari per se superbibendo parùm aq. vel potûs ordinarij, vel cum eadem aqua pro potu admisceatur, vel cum jusculis. ℞. conser. cichor. acetoes. lactuc. & acid. citri an. ℥ s. pull. santal. citrin. & margar. praep. an ℈ j spir. vitriol. ℈ s, cum syr. viol. f. opiate. ℞. conser. buglos. rosar. & viol. an. ℥ j aq. Endiu. acetosae & boragin. an ℥ iij. Misceantur, simul, calefiant super cineres, & per colum trajiciantur; deinde add. confec. Alker. ʒ ij, diamarg. frig. ʒs, coral. praep. Margar praep. & rasurae Eboris. an. ℈ j, syr. de limon. & granat. ℥ iij, Misce, detur singulis vicibus cochlear. 1. For the more delicate, & where strength is much spent, this is most excellent, and grateful; ℞. aq. acetoes. Nymph. & rosar. an. ℥ j s. syr. granat. & limon. an. ℥ j, confect. Alker. ʒ j, Misce, utatur ex cochleari frequenter. Remedies altering, preparing, and concocting, having for several days been used; purging is to follow, the fever declining, and signs of concoction appearing, shunning the critical days, it's to be done with a little stronger purgers than used in the beginning, as sen. rhab. agaric. diacathol. duplex, etc. which are to be fitted according to the humour offending, and the nature of the disease. Also sometimes diagrediated medicines may be used, as, Diaprun. soluti. diaphoeni. Elect. succ. ros. 
☞  aut diacartham, which are most seldom to be used in continued putrids, because they greatly inflame the humours, and stir up vehement thirst, especially in burning fevers, wherein they are very hurtful, yea rhubarb, although benign, and most excellent, yet in very bilious fevers it is suspected, because endued with a notable force to heat and dry, but that may be much amended, if it be infused in cooling waters, and mixed with the decoction of Tamarinds, and cooling herbs, adding Cassia, syr. ros. de cichor. cum rheo, & similia. If the fever be long, purge are oft to be repeated, casting in preparers, and concocters, till the whole seat of the matter be removed; otherwise, if purging be left before the fever be wholly ended, it will be in danger to return. Yet take these restrictions. 
☜  If after many repetitions of purging the fever perseveres, & by degrees wastes the sick, and seems to hasten a Tabes, leave purging, and oppose the fever with altering medicines and good diet; for it sometimes happens where a certain ill affect of the bowels causeth long fevers, then as long as medicaments are used, so long it persists; besides, by desisting, nature, which before was wearied, gaining strength, concocts the cause of the disease, and after expels it; yet if gentle fevers arise from obstructions, such as oft fall out in children, oft purging & gently, per Epicrasin, drawing out the humour, is wont to remove the disease, especially if made of rhubarb, which both openeth obstructions, & strengtheneth the Entrails; and this is to be taken every day, being infused in aq. End. recent. lb j rhab. ʒ j does. ℥ iiij. in the mornings till the fever be removed, or use it for ordinary drink, as Rhei. ʒ s. velʒ j according as the child can bear the taste, beaten, and leapt up in a rag, & infused in water 2 or 3 pints cold, for a whole day. This is to be continued for a month, or longer if the contumacy of the disease require it; sometimes, if the fever be very gentle, & the body phlegmatic, some wine may be added, which corrects the taste of the rhubarb. After the purging of the Morbific matter, nature in the declining of the disease casts out the rest by urine; which although it comes in abundance and thick, its motion is to be helped with temperate Diuretics, as are above prescribed, in Emulsions, opening juleps, and broths; to which if the fever be very remiss, may be added some roots of fennel, and parsley; or leaves of wormwood; and that especially in pituitous and continual Quotidians. But if nature drive out all the rest of the matter to the habit of the body, sweeting is to be used, but not with those properly called Sudorificks, which are strong, but those temperate which are almost the same with Diuretics, and do not only by an attenuating quality dispose the humour, but also help nature to expel it. By the way, most fit to these may be added, aq. Card. bened. scabios. spir. vitriol. and others; and to be prescribed in malign fevers more largely. Besides inward remedies, outward are to be applied in the state or declination, after the internal feverish heat by coolers is repressed, & the greater part of the putrifying humour is drawn forth, but not upon critical days: They profit to temperate the heat, relax the pores, and strengthen the principal parts, as ℞. aq. buglos. acetoes. Nymph. rosar. aena ℥ iij. aceti ros. vel succ. limon. ℥ j spec. diamarg. frig. & Trisantal. anaʒ iij. Camphor: & croc. ana gr. v. misc. f. Epith. applica tepidè cord. cum panno scarlatino, to strengthen the more, and mend the smell, add aq. Naph. ℥ ij. confect. Alker. ʒ j where you desire to corroborate more, ℞. conser. bugloss. & ros. ana ℥ j confect. Alker. ʒ ij. diamarg. frigid. ʒ j s. cum succ. limon. vel aq. ros. f. Epithema solidum, appl c. post liquidum. Or this which is better, ℞. confec. Alkerm. de Hyacinth. anaʒ iij. Spec. Trisant. & diamarg. frig. anaʒ ij. cum aq ros. & f. instar lineament. quo illinatur regio cordis. Also to strengthen, to call out the feverish heat, and vapours, apply young pigeons cut in the middle to the region of the heart, which may be sprinkled with cordial powders, as diamarg. frig. & Trisantal. or anoint that region cum lineament. Cardi. To the liver apply this. ℞. aq. Endiu. acetoes. cichor. ros. ana ℥ iij. aq. lactuc. ℥ ij. aceti ros. ℥ s. Spec. Trisantal. ʒ j s. Spodiiʒ s. Campho. ℈ s. f. Epith. To cool more; ℞. Succ. cichor. Endiu. ana lb. s. succ. lact. & acet. ros. ana. ℥ ij. pull. trisantal. ʒ ij. misc. f. Epith. anoint the same region with this ℞. ung. ros. ℥ j s. Ceral. santal. ℥ j Succ. Endiu. ℥ j s. ol. ros. & cer. ana q. s. ut f. ung. cui add. aceti ros. parùm unctionis tempore; It may also be used to the reins and loins, and because of that great consent betwixt the stones and the principle parts, so that these cooled, in great part quench the heat of the whole body: it's profitable to apply coolers to them also; as ℞. aq. Nymph. plantag. rosar. & cichor. ana ℥ iij. aceti ros. ℥ j s. vini alb. ℥ ij Misc. hisque immergatur linteum quo actu frigido testes involvantur; Refrigerating the feet and hands, do much help from that consent they have with the whole body being the Arteries, Nerves, and Veins, end in those parts. Some may think these may hinder the breathing forth of the excrements, but that's not to be feared, being few flow thither, therefore they more help then hurt: Balls of Marble, Crystal, or Led, are to be held in the hands, or macerate them in cold water wherewith there is mixed wine-vineger. To the soles of the feet apply fol. lactuc. Nymphoeae, aq. & acet. immersa, or wash both hands and feet with this, ℞ fol. lactuc. semperv. viol. portulac. fol. vitis, salicis, ana Mj. cap. pap. N. xii. vel fol. ejusd. (si adsint vigiliae) Mj. acet. ℥ j vini alb. ℥ ij. aq. font. q. s. f. decoct. cui add. si lubet, lixivii parùm ad corroborationem articulorum, hoc laventur manus & brachia, pedes & tibiae tepidè, bis in die, aut semel horâ somni. The Ancients in putrids have used a bath of aq. dulc. but it is dangerous, unless the fever be long, the body be hot, dry, and squalid, and seem to degenerate into a Hectic. This is to be noted, if the fever end by Crises; the rest of the diseased matter is to be removed by purging, especially if the Crisis be made by sweat, or Hemorrage; for by these only, the thinner part of the matter is cast forth, the thicker remaining behind, which acquiring new heat, procures a relapse. Therefore that Crisis made by a flux of the belly, is wont to be more secure, yet is it not so to be confided in, as to forbear purging; for even to the last the praecordia are defiled, and the aliments corrupted, whence either is raised (as hath been observed) a recidivation, or another disease caused; therefore it's much better once and again to repeat gentle cathartics; so to remove all the rest, that that which is feared, may be prevented. For Diet, Diet. of which something hath been said above, in bilious fevers it is to be cold and moist, in pituitous and Mleancholick more heating, and attenuating. The Air Aire. is to be cold, and moist, for being drawn in, it contemperates, the heat of the heart; yet it is naught to lay naked the body to its encounter; for it may hinder evaporation by keeping in the sweat and vapours, yet they are only to be covered with light and soft things: here wool-beds or quilts are better than featherbeds, and if the feverish heat be much, it is fit they be covered with leather; the bed is to be large, that therein the sick may change places. The linen and other  are oft to be changed, so that they be not newly washed, smell of washing, or shifted at time of Crisis, in which nothing is to be removed, lest the motion of nature be disturbed. The Rays of the Sun are to be shut out, and much company shunned. Pour water oft from one vessel to another, besprinkle the pavement with water and vinegar, or rose-water, or cold herbs, and flowers, as violets, willow-leaves, water-lilies, and roses, changing them oft in a day; for being dry, they heat. If there be too much coldness, as in winter, it's to be temperated with a little fire without smoke. In fevers from phlegm, the Air ought to be meanly hot and dry. For Aliments, in acute fevers they ought to be thin; the diligence of the Ancients was much in this, appointing it as the greatest part of the cure, and if the fever of the sick be most acute, they commended the diet most thin, nourish the sick only with barley Ptisans, as the most fit, which cools, humects, and together attenuates, opens, and hinders no evacuation. These Ptisans are double, one called simple, not strained; the other is, and is called, Cremor Hord. the barley is to be boiled in water. But now, what through the obstinacy of the patiented, and the indulgency of the Physician in what fever soever, though never so acute; leave is given to take broths made of chickens, capons, mutton, and that every third or fourth hour, in these are boiled cooling herbs, as Lettuce, Endive, Purslain, Sorrel; the broth may be also mixed with juice of lemons, oranges, or citrons; if the feverish heat be great, and the putrefaction be intense. In fevers less acute, Panatelloes may be given, 2 or three a day, made of bread and broth, also Hordeats with broth and sugar, or without broth, adding sweet Almonds, but that often troubling the stomach, it is better to use simple broths, and Panatella's, yet it is very profitable to boil flesh, adding barley, and so prepare broths. In long fevers a fuller diet may be admitted, as the flesh of pullets, veal, hens, capons, partridges, and mutton, or any of them, contused and boiled into jelly, is fit; but observe, they must not be given in the fit, but when the fever is remitted, yet if the fit be long, they may be permitted in the declining thereof; in all continual fevers; a Ptisan of barley and liquorish is good, to which if the fever be hot, add lettuce, sorrel, Tamarinds, etc. and to these is wont oft to be added, rad. gram. vel acetoes. In long fevers, add rad. foenicul. petroselini, sem. Anisi, coriand. aut cinam. If the stomach be weak and offended, ℞. ptisan. vulg. ex Hord. & liquirit. lb ij. spir. sulph. q. s. ad gratam aciditatem C. C. usti ℥ j utatur pro potu ordinario, vas usûs tempore agitando; or aq. panata alone, or sweetened with sugar, or mixed with a little vinegar, or water alone boiled, that the crudities thereof may be removed, with which mix sometimes sugar; as also, the juice, or Syrup of lemons, pomegranates, barberries, cherries, or Spir. vitriol. aut sulphur. q. s. ad gratam aciditatem, or Sal prunellae, a little, if you would cool more powerfully; also water wherein are infused Tamarinds, barberries, or prunes, the decoction of prunes; or boil barley with Tamarinds, and towards the end, add Santal. citri. & cinam. which drink doth not only quench thirst, but looseth the belly, and strengtheneth, and cooleth the liver. ℞. Sacchar. fin. ℥ viij. Sal. prunel. ℥ j f. pull permiscendus ptisan. pro potu; to which (if thirst be great) add spir. vitriol. This is to be observed, 
☜  that Spir. vitriol. & sulphuris is to be much used in putrid fevers, both of them having a notable force in cooling, opening, resisting putrefaction, prohibits humour from inflaming, and quencheth thirst; but yet in Pleuritis, peripneumonia, haemoptoe, phthisis, and the rest of the affects of the lungs (unless the vessels thereof obstructed, have risen from crass phlegm) inflammation of the stomach, Dysenteria, sangu. mict. the ulcers of the reins, and bladder hurt much, and therefore in such cases to be forborn. In fevers from bile very thin and hot, or joined with a thin and sharp distillation; sharp things are not fit, but rather those which gently incrassate, as Syr. viol. rof. sicc. cum aq. Hord. vel panata, vel cocta simpliciter permixtus, when tough and thick humours abound, Syr. acetosus, in the place of the foresaid, will be most profitable. Sometimes may be used, conser. viol. buglos. etc. boiled in water, and drawn through a bag, adding some drops of Spir. vitriol. Or prepare a Tincture of roses, for in colour and taste, it is most pleasant, as ℞. ros. rub. sicc. ℥ j aq. tepi. lb. iij. spirit. sulph. ʒ j s. aut vitriol. infund. per 3. vel 4. hor. frigidae colatur: add. sacch. alb. ℥ iiij. aq. ros. lb. s. f. julep. clarum pro potu ordinario; in the same manner may other tincture of flowers be made. Julep. Alexandr. is not a little profitable, and most pleasant; as, ℞. aq. fontan. lb. j aq. ros. succ. limon. & sacc. alb. ana ℥ iiij. coq. lento igne dum despumaverint. Sleep is very profitable, watching hurtful, yet too much sleep overwhelmes the native heat, and hinders the evacuation of excrements. Rest is necessary in acute fevers, but in longer light exercise is profitable, and oft to be used, lest that which according to nature ought to be expelled, be retained, although all immoderate evacuations, which exhaust the strength, are to be stayed, and all vehement, perturbations of the mind are to be shunned.   

CHAP. II. De Symptomat. Febrium.  
Symptoms accompanying fevers, are divers; but they are ordinarily more powerful and vehement in putrids, and therefore they require the next place to be handled. The remedies prescribed accommodating the disease, may remove some, but others must come under peculiar consideration, such as oft more molest then the disease itself. Pain of the head, watching, and light-headednesse, are cured almost with one and the same remedies, i. e. with revellers, repellers, derivers, resolvers, and anodyns. For to revel or draw back, use glisters, emollient, and losing, gentle purging, bleeding, cups, and washings of the feet. To beat back, use frontals, oxyrrhod. unguents, or liniments. To derive, open the veins of the forehead, and use vesicatories. And to resolve, use oils, and Animals, the which also are anodyns; with these are to be exhibited proper Juleps and Emulsions, to temperate hot and sharp humours in great necessity, and where the foresaid remedies prevail not, (the matter of which medicines are to be found in their proper Chapters, viz. in pain of the head, Delirium, etc.) Narcoticks may be used of all, but especially of narcoticks, observe that they be not used in the instant of the crisis; for they will powerfully disturb the motion of nature, and hinder the crisis. Convulsions sometimes happen, especially in Malign Fevers, from malign vapours, gnawing the membranes of the brain. This is to be helped with revelling Glisters, and Cups, as also giving pull. gutteta, or others proper, in juleps, or broths; and lastly, anoint the spin of the back with oil of Chamomel, Violets, Amygd. d. & de Nuc. myristicâ. Profound sleep coming upon Fevers, is to be cured with remedies prescribed in sleepy diseases, with this proviso, that those things heating very much, are least to be used. Thirst is to be eased with drinks cooling and humecting, but if it be so intense, that moderate drinking sufficeth not (for immoderate much hurts, and oft casteth the siok into danger of life) other deceiving helps and qualifying are to be used; as first, cold air is to be drawn in, the sick is to remain silent, shutting the mouth, & breath by the nose, and indulge sleep, after wash the mouth with aq. Hord. tepidâ, or water in which jujubes, sobesten, Prunes, Liquirish, Lettuce, Purslane, and the like is boiled. Let him hold in his mouth a piece of Liquirish shaved and macerated in oxycrate, or wash the mouth oft with aq. Hord. aut simplic, cum modico Aceti, aut cum Succ. Limon. Granat. vel tantillo Spir. Vitriol. or hold in the mouth the stones of Pomegranates, prunes, or the peeles of Lemons, Oranges, Citrons, macerated in Rose-water, with a little Sugar, also the stalks of Lettuce, Endive, or Purslane, or the leaves of Sorrell, slices of Melons, Cucumbers, first macerated in water, or sharp Cherrys, Tamarinds, or pieces of Crystal. Also Sugar moistened in Rose-water with Spir. Vitriol. and again dried. If these will not remove; drink is to be permitted though in principio, and increase; little, or none, in the state, some more, but most in the declination, for that drives the heat outwardly, and sometimes moves sweat, especially largely in intermitting Fevers towards, and in the end of the fit. The drinks are fit to be of various matter; some are prescribed in the former Chapter. If thirst draw its original from bilious matter contained in the stomach, it's to be purged, either by vomit, or stool. Vomiting is to be provoked, if the sick be full of loathing, cum Syr. acetoes. simp. ℥ j s. aq. Hord. vel decocti Raphan. ℥ v. But if not, or there be less loathing, then purge with a bene ex cassiae ℥ j pulp. Tamarind. ʒ iij. vel Mannae ℥ ij. in decoct. prunor. & Tamarind. soluta. or, ℞. cassiae rec. extract. ʒ vj. Mucilag. sem. psyllii ℥ s. decoct. Hord. prunor. & Tamarindor. ℥ iiij. Syr. ros. ℥ j Misc. f pot. Elec. Zacuti is excellent. The heat, dryness, and roughness of the tongue and roof of the mouth, is helped with the following. ℞. Mucilag. sem. Cydonior. ℥ j Mucilag. Sem. Malu. ℥ s. Spec. diamarg. frigid. & sacc Candi. an. ʒ j Sacc. alb. q. s. f. Eclegma, or ℞. Mucilag. sem, psyllii extrac. cum aq. Lactuc. vel rosar. ℥ s. Sir. Viol. Limon. vel Granat. an. ℥ j s. Misce, capiat parùm per interval. in o'er detineat; vel ℞. sem. cucumber. ℥ s. sem. cydonior. ʒ ij. gum. Tragacanth. ʒ j s. contunde sem. & gum. dissol. in a●b. ovi, Misceantur omnia, & f. Trochis. ore detinendi. Or, ℞. Sem. psyllii, Cydonior. an. ℥ j s. gum. Traga. ℥ s. Sacc. Cand. violate. ʒ iij. cum Mucilag. gum. Trag. f. Troch. vel Linteo raro includantur, ut f. Noduli, qui macerentur in aq. rosar. & ore teneantur. If the roughness be much, and stick fast, make gargarisms ex decoct. Hord. rad. Althae. fol. lactuc. portulac. flor. Viol. ad. Mel ros. Syr. Viol. vel Sacchar. candi. vel oxymel. simple. If filth cleave to the tongue, and be much, it's to be cleansed with a rough cloth wet in oxycrate, to which also may be added the juice of Houseleek, & sal prunellae. If heat be more intense with notable blackness of the tongue, mix with them more coolers, and humecters. As, ℞. Succ. Lactuc. Sempervi. Limon. an. ℥ j Mucilag, Sem. Cydon. Sacc. Cand. an. ℥ s. Sacch. alb. q. s. f. Looch. vel, ℞. Sempervivi recent. M. i aceti ros. ℥ iij. aq. Hord. lb j Coq ad 3. partis consumption. in colat. dissol. Sal. prunel. ℥ j s. alum. ℈ j Syr. Viol. & diamori, an. ℥. j f. Gargar. or Sal. prunell. Solùm in aq. Sempervi. dissolvatur, eoque utilissimè lingua, & fauces abluuntur, necnon particula absorberi potest, ut ad aesophagum simili ardore affectum provenire possit. outwardly the throat and neck is to be anointed with oil of Violets and Butter washed in Rose-water; this humects the throat. To cool, use unguent. ros. refrig. Gal. etc. but it's best to apply the leaves of Lettuce, and Purslane bruised, and enfolded betwixt two rags, vel milliped contus., and applied in the same manner. In great heat, in the breast anoint it cum ol. viol. Nymph. & amygd. dull. Yea, and if heat urge extremely, the breast is to be fomented ex decoct. Hord. Lactuc. Nymph. Borag. Viol. & similium compos. After anoint. These are not to be applied cold, but hot. To ease the pain of the loins, use Anodynes. Restlessness which is wont to happen in Feb. Assod. and in fits of the Tertian, are cured with purging choleric humours which by't the stomach, and other sensible parts; and that either by vomit, or stool, as nature best affects: also it's to be drawn down by Glisters. Then all things procuring rest are to be exhibited, and cold drink, and cooling juleps given, with which, sometimes it's very profitable, to mix a little Syr. de papaver. vel laudan. Also in the vigour of the fit, Syr. de papav. ℥ j may profitably be permitted. Swoonings in Febris Syncopalis, (the kinds of which, with causes, you have heard already) are thus helped. That called Minuta, the air is to be cold, and moist, and a little astringent. That faintness may be hindered, the diet is to be thin, cooling, and strengthening, ex juscul. pullorum cum acetosa, portulac, etc. to which add. aq. ros. Succ. granat. & parùm Sacchar. Bread dipped in the juice of Pomegranates, or Oranges may be given also; Cremor. Hord. cum Succ. Lim. then to restore, use broth of flesh pressed with the juices added, to the more strong, testes gallorum, carnes pullorum gallinae, perdicis, ejusdem Succi alterati. In the time of diet, drink (if there be not present some inflammation of the bowels,) thin wine, not old, nor vaporous, Out of meat, or if there be some inflammation, aq. Hord. aut aq. panata, cum syr. granator. Limon. acido citri, julep. ros. etc. sleep out of the fit is good, in the fit hurtful. Those things which stir up anger, sorrow, and the like, are to be especially shunned. In the fit cooling bellows and odoriferous irrorations suppress the resolving of the spirits; the face is to be sprinkled with cold water, or of Roses with Vinegar. The same may be applied to the testicles in men, and paps of women; if the spirits, with the heat, are not called from the heart to the habit, it's to be done by frictions of the extreme parts, plucking oft both of nose, and hair, and calling them by their proper names. Give bread steeped in the juice of pomegranates, or thin odoriferous wine well diluted cum aq. ros. or in great necessity may be given Cynamon-water with rose-water. In the interim strengthening broths are not to be omitted, with which mix confect. Alkerm. etc. or oft a spoonful of this; ℞. aq. ros. ℥ ij. aq. Naphae ℥ j aq. cinam. ℥ s. confect. Alker. ʒ j margar. & coral. pp. an. ℈ j Manus Christi perlat. ʒuj. misc. f. pot. To these may be called in the opiates, and condita in the former chap. the crumbs of hot bread dipped in vinegar and rose-water, and held to the nose is good. Apply to the heart cooling and cordial epithems, to stop the pores, and hinder dissolution, lap the sick in linen strewed cum pull. ros. ballast. & santalor. or linen wet, in aq. ros. & modico aceto. Anoint the whole body, especially the back, with this; ℞. ol. ros. omphac. ℥ j s. ol. my rtillor. cydonior. mucilag. sem. Psyllian. ʒ. uj gum. Arab. dissoluti in aq. ros. ʒ ij, cerae alb. q. s. f. lineament. Have special care of the stomach in which the hurtful humour is heaped up, anointing the Region thereof cum ol. ros. & Cydon. Also apply toasted bread, moistened in juice of Quinces, and Pomegranates, and if great heat necessitate, foment it with a warm decoction of Purslane, and Roses, or Succ. Solani, portulac. uvae acerbae, adjecto ol. ros. & Cydoniorum. Thus swooning being removed, and strength refreshed, the cause of the Fever is to be taken away by altering, and evacuating, both set down in the former Chapter, in a burning Fever, whither we refer you, and come to the other called Syncopalis Humorosa, and this being from another cause, hath a contrary cure to the former. The air ought to be inclining to heat, bright, pure, and dry. Meat to be of good juice, and easy of concoction, prepared with Hyssop, Fenell, etc. Drink is to be thin wine, & oligophorum, sleep and watching, moderate. Friction with rough clothes is to be used; from the beginning, first on the feet, and thighs; after the arms, shoulders, and back; the  being first fumed, Styrac. lign. aloes. Thur. Caryophyl. etc. These also abundantly heat the joints, which with the rest are to be anointed cum ol. Anethi, Chamom. Irino, Costin. etc. These frictions are excellent, for by them the heat of the spirits, and the hurtful matter suffocating the strength, are called outwards. In the fit the sick is to be stirred up by pulling the nose and hair, rubbing the ears, also the lips with salt, and loud calls; to the nose also is to be held aq. Cinam. vel stor. aurantior. The infusion of Cloves in Vinegar, and bread steeped in Hippocras, which also may be exhibited, or Cynamon-water, or else some of this; ℞. aq. Melissa, flor. aurantior. & rorismar. an. ℥ j aq. Cynam. ℥ s. confec. Alker. ʒ j Syr. Conduit. cortic. citri, & Caryophyl. an. ℥ j Misce, f. pot. detur ex cochleari frequenter; or this opiate, ℞. confec. flor. buglos, anthos, & cortic. citri, cond. an. ℥ s. Nuc. Moschat. conduit. ʒ iij. confec. Alker. ʒ ij. Spec. diambrae, diamosc. dull. an. ℈ j cum Syr. Conduit. citri. f. opiate. Apply to the heart Epithems, and Pigeons to the stomach, and testicles, in men, and paps in women, also fomentations, and others set down in virium imbecillitate; whilst this is doing frictions are to be reiterated, and never omitted in this affect. Strength being a little regained, the morbific matter is to be drawn forth by Glisters, and Purge, in which Hier. come agaric. much profits; the purging is to be gentle, and oft, with casting in fit preparatives. Want of appetite is almost common to all Fevers, for when the stomach is affected with a hot distemper, it procures thirst, and decreaseth hunger; yea, sometimes the appetite is so dejected, that the sick can scarcely take broth, which is caused from vicious humours collected in the stomach, or drunk up in the coats thereof, or else from corrupt and malign vapours assaulting it. For cure, the Morbific matter is to be evacuated by vomit, or stool, even from the beginning, with an infusion of Tamarinds, and Rhubarb; but in declinatio. if the Fever be not strong, cum Hier. picr. in decoct. Hord. cicerum, absinth. and in other cleansers dissolved. After these use purging Glisters which call back from the stomach. Exhibit oft things sharp and cool, as Syr. Limon. granator. ceras. acid. etc. given either of themselves, or with cooling waters. In declinatio. feb. may be given Syr. de absinth. pontic. alone, or with sharp Syrups or juices mixed. Offer to the sick meats very grateful, and not much at once, but by intervals; for too much spoils appetite. They are to be seasoned (if a cough be absent) with Olives, aceto ros. Succ. Limon. If the sick abhor meat, and can eat nothing, cast in nourishing Glisters once or twice a day; first, casting in cleansing Glisters. If after the Fever is quite gone, there remain this affect, the sick is moderately to exercise, use Capers, and Olives, and change the place, going to a colder air. If this suffice not, use Wormwood wine, & pill. de Hier. or Tincture. Hier. in vini alb. Cochlear. 3. singul. mane. Hiccough and Vomiting following Fevers are opposed by various medicaments, the matter of which is set down in their cures, to which we refer you; 
☜  only observe that you stay not vomiting upon a critical day. Hiccoughs are oft deadly, though sometimes those caused from the exhibiting of cooling juleps have been cured by wine. An Empl. ex Mithrid. to the stomach is excellent. Flux of the belly following a Fever, if Critical, is not to be stayed, neither presently at the beginning, though Symptomatical, unless strength be very much decayed, lest the vicious humours run to the principal parts. When it's to be stayed, it's to be done with gentle purgers, together with glisters binding, deterging, & strengthening. Also exhibit incrassers binder's, and strengtheners, all which may be taken from the Cure of Diarrhaea, beginning at the more gentle, and make progress, if there be necessity, to the more strong, by degrees. Sweat (if critical) is not to be stayed, but if Symptomatical, and so strength be much decayed, it is, which is performed by cooling the air, in besprinkling cold water and herbs upon the floor, and if need be, open the clothes and ventilate a little by moving of them up and down. Use cold, and astringent medicines, as Epith. cooling the heart, liver, and whole body; and Unguent. ex ol. myrtin. mucilag. & pull. astringent. compos. applied to the whole body, especially to the spin of the back: powders ex ros. ballast. malicor. myrtillis, mastic. terra Samia, etc. are to be strewed on the neck, breast, armpits, and groins. Or lap the sick in linen, sprinkled with the foresaid powders; yet beware lest there be any inflammation, or tumour besides nature, hid in the Hypocondries, for then very strong astringents are not to be used. Sweat is not to be cleansed, that so it may cleave to the pores of the skin, and prohibit others from flowing. Exhibit inwardly incrassers, binder's, and strengtheners; as hordeats, ex decoct. lactuc. & sem. frigid. parata, also restoring broths, cum Succ. granator. agrestae with the powders of Coral, Pearl, the shave of Ivory, Sanders, or balaustia. Juleps ex aq. Hord. ros. lactuc. portulac. cum Syr. granator. de ros. sic. aut cydoniorum, Opiates ex confer. ros. coral. margarit. terra sigil. Spec. diamargarit. frigid. Triasantal. etc. In the cure of most acute, and pernicious Fevers, 
☞  this is diligently to be noted, that they are for most part accompanied with certain peculiar affects of the bowels, and oft inflammations, wherefore in the cure, the Hypochondrie, head, breast, womb, reins and bladder is never to be neglected, that these parts being discharged of what they labour, the rest may more easily be performed.   

CHAP. III. De Tertiana intermittente.  
IT's a Fever arising from excrementitious choler putrified in the Mesaraick veins, afflicting every third day, with shaking, after which follows hotness. This is either true, or bastard, the legitimate ends in twelve hours, which the spurious exceeds; and this, if it pass twenty four hours, is called Tertiana extensa: to these may be added a third called Perniciosa. Again, some are simple, some double, others triple; the first invades every other day, the second every day, and so it's like a quotidian (unless that it shakes more) sometimes in this double tertian, two fits appear in one day, the other day remaining free: Some call this two Tertians, and make a distinction, though to little purpose. A triple Tertian, is when in the space of two days three fits appear; this is most rare, yet sometimes seen. These fits are various according to the divers matter putrifying in several places; so that every one holds a peculiar place. Sig. Gen. Signs are either more general, as fits every other day, with much shaking; that ceasing follows heat, the Pulse in the beginning of the fit is small, and slow, after quick, urine reddish, etc. Particularly, if it be exquisite, Particular of an Exquisite. the shaking is vehement and pricking arising from most thin and few vapours, and humours without the veins, the heat is much, sharp, and biting; the Pulse in the beginning of the fit is small, & slow, in the progress, vehement and quick, the urine is reddish, yellowish, of mean consistence, and sometimes clouded white, and then the Fever passeth not beyond the fourth fit; the fit extends not beyond the twelfth hour, ending in sweat. Sometimes there is intolerable thirst, pain of the head, delirium, vomiting, etc. If spurious, the heat's more gentle, and all other Symptoms, the Pulse in the beginning hard, in the progress (with concoction of the humour) softer, the fit oft lasts eighteen hours; yet from the smallness of the matter they may end betwixt eight, ten and twelve hours. Causes. Causes of an exquisite, is choler heaped up in primis viis; sometimes like that which is in folliculo fellis, sometimes green, and in the stomach and veins. The causes of a bastard are choler, mixed with melancholy, or phlegm, generated not only in the Summer, but in the Spring, Fall, and Winter. Progn. Progn. it's easily cured (if exquisite) for it oft ends the seventh fit, either by sweat, if the humour in the veins be cast through the habit of the body, or by vomit, and flux of the belly, if cast to the stomach and bowels. If pustles, or ulcers break forth on the lips, and nose, it ends. The best of all is by a flux of the belly, sweeting, and ulcers, leaving the crasser part of the matter behind, which, if not purged away, causeth recidivation, or other diseases. If the body be of a good habit, the bowels be well affected, it will end the sooner, if contrary, not. If spurious, in the Winter, or Fall; if the sick have used much heating meats, and drinks, it will be long before it end. Cure, Cure. first by evacuation of the first ways, by lenitive medicaments, or Glisters, if it be exquisite, those set down in continual putrid Fevers will serve, if bastard, add Agaric. Senna, diacatholic. diaphaenic. & alia, the Glisters in exqui. are to be of mollifying and cooling decoct. cum. cassia, catholic. diaprun. simp. vel solut. in spurious ex decoct. Emollient. & incid. dissol. Mel. ros. etc. in your purgers of both may be added, Cremor Tartar. for it opens obstructions powerfully, cleanseth and cools somewhat. Secondly, vomit if the matter tends to the stomach and the sick be molested with pain of the stomach, loathing, and desire to vomit. If gentle Emetics will not serve, use stronger, as Asarum in pull. ʒ j with broth, or Sal vitriol. ʒ j or infus. emetic. ʒ vj. with some proper syrup. These oft happily evacuate the matter fixed in the first ways. They are warily to be used, and are usually given one hour, or a little before the fit. 3. The first ways being emptied, a vein is to be opened in an exquisite, before the third fit, in a spurious, after, it's to be done on the intermitting day; if the body be plethoric, the urine red and thick, then bleeding may precede purging, if the blood be very hot, adust, or putrid, reiterate bleeding. 4. Prepare with medicaments cooling, moistening, and cleansing the first ways, as Taraxic. acetosa, Hord. Cichor. Spir. Sal. vitriol. Cremor. Tartar. Tartar. vitriolat. Syr. de acetoes. citri. with some specificks, as Centaur. minor, Morsus diabol. etc. Such used in continual Fevers will serve, the matter whereof is to be changed, as there is mixture of phlegm and melancholy with choler. A cooling cleansing Julep may be this, ℞. rad. gram. cichor. & aspar. an. ℥ j fol. endiu. cichor. agrimon. acetoes. an. M, i absinth. vulg▪ & Centaur. minor. an. M, s. coq. in aq ad lb. j in colat. dissol. Syr. limb. ℥ iij. f. julep. pro tribus dosibus matutinis. 5. Purge (as before) upon the intermitting day, in the morning; if the intermission happen in those hours, else take the middle time, betwixt the two fits, whether it be day, or night, so that it be so long after, as the aliment taken may be concocted. In a double tertian this is hard to be observed, because there's oft but three, or four hours betwixt two fits; yea, sometimes the fits are so long, that one gins before the the other ends, and this is named Subintrans. It is to be given in the end of the fit, at such a distance from the following fit, as that it may have fully wrought before the following fit invade, but in Subintrantes, it ought to be given in the beginning of the declination, when it gins a little to remit. In both cases three hours after the purge given, exhibit some broth; yet so that there remain other three hours after the taking of the broth before the next fit invade, so that the medicament must be given six hours before next fit; this is to be observed, that after preparing the matter for some days, purging is to be used; and if the Fever continue long by reason of crass humours fomenting obstructions, then prepare again, and after purge. Some use gutta gom. Merc. d. cum Scam. which hath oft eradicated, not only true, but bastard Fevers, as also aq. bened ℥ j cum infus. Sen. ℥ s. these are to be used in strong bodies. In those most pertinacious customary purge are to be used by Apozemes, which are to be framed of the matter of the Juleps, adding Sen. Rhe. Agaric. Syr. ros. de cichor. compos. etc. These may be used also after the end of a Tertian (if a flux of the belly be not present) before the giving of the Apoz. If there be stretching in the Hypochondries, use an emollient, attenuating, and strengthening fomentation; as ℞ radalthaeae, grami. asparag. an. ℥ j rad. enul. camp. & cortic. median. Tamaris. an. ℥ s. fol. malu. viol. Agrim. capil. Veneris, & absinth. an. Mi. Sem. Lini, & foenugr. an. ℥ j flor. chamom. Melilot. ros. an. p. j coq. in tribus aq. partibus, & una vini alb. sub finem addit. aceti ℥ ij. foveantur Hypocond. calidè manè & serò per biduum ante usum apozemat. post potum illinantur eaedem partes sequenti linim. ℞ ol. lilior. amygd. d. & Tamaris. an. ℥ j unguenti. alth. ℥ ij. cerae parùm, fiat lineament. If notwithstanding all this, it pertinaciously continue, and the face appears tumid and palish, and the feet swell in the evening, let the sick use those medicaments used in obstructions of the liver, amongst the rest the decoction cichorii, & chamaedryos in broth is admirable; yet this is to be noted, sometimes long Tertians are fomented from a hot and a dry distemper of the liver, which continually producing bilious humours fomenteth new fits. Hence it's oft observed, that many endued with a dry and squalid habit of body, and altogether bilious, suffer a Tertian for three or four months, especially in a more hot time, though there be not abundance of humours. To these purgers very opening, and hot oft used, are hurtful, therefore it's most proper to use cooling and moistening diet, and broth endued with the same quality, and the superfluity of the humours are to be purged by degrees with mollifying and cooling Glisters, and Cassia, Tamarinds, cathol. & Syr. ros. And here baths of warm water are marvellous efficacious to extinguish the hot and dry distemper impressed in the bowels; they are to be used on the intermitting day without much sweat. Sometimes the longness of tertians is from a certain ill diathesis of some of the bowels, especially the liver, or midriff, which cannot be cured, though purging be repeated, because that ill quality remaining in the bowels heapeth up daily new humours, which cherish the fit & are to be removed with diuretics▪ sudorificks, and other resolvers; as absinth. centau. minus, card. bened. rad. Dictam. pimpinel. Torment. aliáque which are to be used for many days. 6. Sweeting by sudorificks, as Sal absinthii, centaur. minus, card. benedictus C. C. praep. magisterium matris perlarum, they are to be exhibited before, and at the end of the fits. Also Theriac. ʒ j cum vin. alb. before the fit an hour, thrice repeated. Nuc. jugland. cum Sacch. vel Mel. conditaeodem modo exhibeantur, where Theriac. cum vino is feared too hot; first, give it alone, and after drink aq. Plantag. cyath. it hath cured many. Yet this observe, 
☞  that these remedies are not to be given till after diligent purging. This I have proved; ℞. aq Cichorii ℥ iij. sal. absinth. ʒ j Spir. Sulph. gut. xij. or Spir. Sulph. given in vigore paroxysmi in aq. portulac it powerfully extinguisheth the feverish heat, and if the humour be thin, it expels it by sweat, ut novis paroxysmis materia non suppetat, & ità interdum morbus radicitus evellatur. Does. ab. ℈ s. add ℈ j cum aq. portul. ℥ iv. or the same Spirit ℈ j in aq. card. ben. ℥ iv. & Sal. absinth. ʒ s. cap. aeger instant accessione. & postmodum pluribus vestibus te gatur. Some have used succ plantag. depur. ℥ iv. alone, or else mixed cum acet. ros. ℥ s. & croci gr. iij. cap. tribus hor. ante accessionem, or decoct. chamomel. vel aq. distil. ejudem ℥ iv, an hour before the fit. Or ℞. aq. ros. plantag. aq. vitae, an coach. j & exhib. before the fit. 7. Strengthen the liver and stomach inwardly: cum sal. absinth. in Spiritu nitri soluto, & rursus in crystallos coagulato ad ℈ j vel ℞ troch●de rhabarb. de eupator, & de absinth. an. ʒ s. spec. diarrhod. Abbot. ℈ j cum Syr. absinth. f. Mass. pill. de quâ capiatʒ j manè per triduum superbibendo jusculum ex cichorac. & capillaribus paratum; this strengthens the liver, opens obstructions, and removes the dyscrasias of the bowels. Or give for many days, troch. de absinth. vel de rhab. ℈ j cum juscul. inquo Hord. rad. petroselin. cichor. & borag. bullierunt. Outwardly, ℞. cerat. saint. ʒij. succi cichorii, ℥ s. Succ absinth. ʒ ij aceti ros. parùm, with these anoint the Region of the liver morning and evening before meat. To the Region of the stomach use this; Recipe ol. nardin. de absinth. & cydonicr. an. ℥ s, gall. mosch. ℈ j cerae alb. q. s. f. lineament. To the heart and liver are also to be applied cooling Epithemes, such as be described in a continual Fever, and to the liver and loins cooling unguents from the beginning, not forgetting those temperating the feverish heat, nor cooling and mollifying glisters, which are to be cast in, either in the end of the fit, or before the invasion, which is very profitable. 8. Apply Topics, as Catapl. Mynsichti. p. 368. pulvis siligineus', cum virescent. salvia addit. albumine ovi, aut aceti pauxillo contusa, & carpis alligetur. Or Recipe. fol. plantag. & chelid. mai. an. Mi. telae aranear. Sem. urtic. fulig. camini, & sal. communis. an. ʒ j aceti fortis. q. s. f. Catap. applicandum earpis paulò ante accessionem, & 3. aut 4. iterandum. Tela aranear. & unguent. popul. expertum. Mouse-eare beaten with Salt and Vinegar is good, corte x. interior ramor. nuc. in aceto maceratus carpis applicat. excel. The strength of these are communicated to the heart by notable Arteries which run to the wrist. For the stomach. ℞. fol. Hyssop. Tanaceti, minutum incisi an. p. 1. myrrh. ʒij. mac. nuc. mosch. Caryophyl. & cinam. an. ʒ s. Tereb. Venet. & succ. Tanaceti, an. ℥ 1. misc. omnia, & extend. supra placentam rosaceam frixam in sartagine cum vino generoso quae pauno lineo involuta applicentur calidè regioni ventriculi per horam ante accessionem. Velure ℞ absinth. & menthae virid. an. lb j crustae panis assati & aceto rosar. infus. lb s. pulp. cydon. vel cydon. cum melle confect. ℥ ij. mastic. ℥ s. maces & nuc. mosch. anʒ ij. omnia pistentur fortissimè cum ol. cydon. f. catapl. quod calidè applicetur ante paroxysmum; it provokes sweat, and removes the pain of the stomach. Or ℞ nuc. mosch. Caryophyl. & cinam. an. ʒ iij. myrrh. & zz. anʒ ij. f. pull. qui excipiatur pice liquidâ, & fiat empl. admovendum regioni stomachi. ℞ santal. alb. & rub. an. ʒ j farin. hoard. ʒ ij. aloes ℥ s. flor. viol. & ros. siccar. an. ʒ j cum succ. absinth. & aceto, f. catap. applicandum regioni hepatis horâ unâ ante accessionem. Some to the wrist apply vesicatories, but they are unsafe. Febr. Tertian. Perniciosa invades from seven causes; First, if error be committed by the sick and Physician. Secondly, if the humour sent out of the vessels, ob occlusionem illorum in primarium membrum incumbat. Thirdly, if it be too thin and putrid; for hence there is frequent fainting without much sweeting. Fourthly, if it have a peculiar pravity, either from its ustion, or aliment; from the inflamed humours ariseth vehement thirst, and roughness of the tongue, with hollowness of the eyes; from the resolution of the spirit, urine fiery, with bilious dejections of the belly, painful ulcers of the whole body, little sweat, because of the matters thickness. Fifthly, if thick humours from heat cast into any part, remain there; hence follows unequal burning, the urine is watery with much & thick sediment; the pulse sometime intercepts, in the declination they sweat from the navel to the head: neither the increase, state nor declination is equal. Sixthly, if it draw malignity, contagiousness, etc. Seventhly, if the heat either draw the womb into consent, and move the humours contained in it, or stir up a dangerous catarrh, asthma, or gout.   

CHAP. IU. De Quotidianâ Intermittente.  
IT ariseth from putrified phlegm in the Mesaraick veins invading every day, and in this last its like a double Tertian, and a triple Quartan, which are distinguished by their proper Signs. This Fever seldom invades, for of 600 of fits of Fevers that afflict every day, scarce one labours of a Quotidian. Signs Signs. are according to the differences, and differences according to the causes. In general they invade oftest in the day, sometimes in the night; Urinal in the beginning, white, thin, and crude; when the matter is concocted, thick, filthy, and oft red. Pulse is very small and slow, heat is gentle, and very little, cum praecordiorum difflatione, & intumescentia. The fit lasts eighteen hours, sometime to twenty four, and appears continual; it gins only with cold and gentle horror, vomit, and sweat. If the phlegm be thick by which it's caused, the urine is white and thin, but a little after it gins to be red, and the hypostasis thicker; the mouth is continually moist: if from thin acid phlegm, than there is present pain of the forehead, and left Hypochondria, obstruction of the belly, acide belchings. If from thin salt phlegm, than there is saltness and dryness perceived in the tongue. Urine red and thick, coming forth with sense of heat and sharpness. Causes Causes. (besides what are in the differences) is phlegm putrifying in primis viis, gathered from the small heat of the bowels, and the cold and moist nature of the aliments. Also idle life, age, old, and children. Progn. Progn. This Fever oft continues long, from the contumacy and thickness of the diseased matter, id est, to forty days, sometimes to three or four months, which greatly hurts the stomach and liver, and so casts the sick into a Cachexia, Dropsy, Lethargy, and other grievous effects. If there appear concoction in the urine, or nature evacuate by vomit or sweat, it will be shorter, if it be by day, it's more dangerous, i. e. gins in the day and intermits in the night, because they have longer fits, which oft procure a tabes. Beside, meat is to be exhibited in the night, which is very unseasonable, and oft procures watching, whilst there should be sleep, which weakens and subverts the whole frame of nature. Cure. Cure. 1. Prepare the offending matter by convenient medicaments, moderately hot, such as are set down in Tertian. nothâ, yet so, that amongst the preparers of the humours, and openers of obstructions, those are to be chosen which more forcibly attenuate and incide. 2. The same concocted, evacuate by vomit, ubi extract. esulae, & aq. ex radicibus Raphani, & nuc. jugland. viridibus cum aceto distillato laudantur. By purging with phlegmagogues, by sweat with sudorificks. 3. Strengthen the stomach and liver, especially the first, being oft grievously afflicted, with the catapl. de menth, etc. In the former chapter observe, if the phlegm be very thick, 
☞  stronger Preparers are to be used, often repeated, to which there ought to be added Tartar. To vomit, use either pill. mercurialis vel Panacea aurea Horstii. Purge cum infus. diacartham. & fol. sennae cum zz. in aq. Centaur. minoris, add. aliquot spir. vitriol. guttis; singulis septimanis semelʒ j Ther. And rom. exhiberi potest. 4. If the phlegm be thin, hasten the cure, lest it pass to a quartane. Cut the liver-vein on the left arm, and before the fit exhibit some specific. If it be thin, and salt, open the said vein on the right arm. To conclude, the two following medicines have cured many of contumacious phlegmatic fevers. ℞ flor. cham. p iij. comar. absinth. pontic. p. ij. coq. in lb iij. aq. ad mediae partis consumpt. colat. add. sacch. alb. ℥ iiij. cap. manè ℥ v. vel vi. singul. diebus. The other is the decoct of China, and Guaiac. exhibited twenty five days, although this be feared; and because they heat and dry too much, yet are they commended, and may more safely be used in cold and moist regions then in hot, unless the bodies be very phlegmatic and cachectick. In long Fevers quotidian and quartan. Succ. rad faenicul. ℥ iiij. cum sacc. given for ten mornings together, being in bed well covered, is excellent.   

CHAP. V. De Quartana Intermittente.  
IT is a Fever arising from melancholic humours, putrifying in the mesaraick veins, afflicting every 4th day. Signs As there are various differences arising from several causes, so the signs vary also, which are as followeth; Retching, yawning, and heaviness of the whole body, cold following, which in the beginning is little, in the progress, like those who are very cold in wintertime not so pricking, as breaking; the heat because of the thickness of the matter, burns little; the sick hath two well-dayes betwixt his fits. Hence it falling again on the third day, the ignorant call it a Tertian. The pulse is rare and slow, but in the vigour of the fit, quick and frequent. Urine in the beginning thin, and watery, after, more coloured and thick. Sweat at first very little, but after in abundance. The bones are as if they were broken, whence the pain perceived in quartanes is called, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The signs of the spurious are dejection of the appetite, vehement thirst, pain of the head, redness of the urine, and as follow in other Fevers, if it be dangerous, then there is great weakness on the fit-day, the urine is very red and troubled. Cause Causes. of the true is a melancholic humour putrifying, & gathered in the mesaraick veins, and neighbouring parts, from the like causes, amongst the which is vinegar. The spurious is either from choler adust, or melancholy, mixed with a portion of bile: some are of themselves without any other disease preceding, others follow some diseases: Those that are dangerous arise from burning diseases generated of atrâ bile, from the adustion of the melancholic humour, or yellow bile converted into ashes. Prog. Progn. It's of long continuance, and sometimes lasts a year, especially if it begin in the Autumn, yet more hard, if from atrâ bile. If it fall out in old, the weakness of the heat being not able to conquer the matter, If it be double, i. e. when two fits fall out by two continual days, and the third day escapes, if it be joined with a grievous affect of any of the bowels; more easy if it be legitimate, and the bowels not affected, if in summer, if black urine appear; all the signs of concoction are specially to be eyed. It's deadly if it change to a quotidian, quia fit mutatio illius febris quae for●s movetur, in eam quae intrà; a quartane following an epilepsy cures it. A dysentery, (if short) is safe, otherwise deadly, bleeding at nose, coming upon a quartane pessima est, because the humour causing a quartane, being thick cannot be evacuated at the nose. Therefore such evacuations during long, cause a dropsy, therefore it's presently to be prevented by opening the basilica, by which the putrid blood is drawn out, and the pure hindered from flowing at the nose. Cure Cure. is to begin with more gentle means, after with more strong: first, open either the median. vel basilica, presently in the beginning (the first ways being evacuated) if plethora be present, not presently, if it be absent; in more abundance, if the blood come forth black and thick; but if it be thin, presently stay it. To evacuate the first ways, use these. ℞ rad. buglos. ℥ ij. herb. 4. emol. mercurial. betae, an. Mi. prunor. dulc. par. 5. 4. semi. frig. major. & anisi, an. ʒ ij. epithy. ʒ iij. coq. ad lb j s. in colat. dissol. catholici ℥ j ol. viol. & cham. an. ℥ js. sacch. rub. ℥ j f. clyst. injiciendus pridiè sequentis potionis horá commodâ. ℞. sen. mund. ℥ s. scm. anisiʒ j flor. borag. & fumar. an. Mi. liquir. ʒ iij. coq. ad ℥ iij. in colat. dissol. mannae & syr. ros. an. ℥ j f. pot. In the beginning purge gently, lest it turn to a double or triple quartane, or a continual should be caused: the days free from fits are best, both to purge and bleed in; yet sometimes blood may be drawn on the same day, five or six hours before the fit, because the humour beginning to move, they are more easily drawn forth. Zacutus thinks it most profitable to be done in the full of the Moon, for then by the force of it the terrene humour is boiled and made more fluid, and so more fit to be drawn. By this he eased many, and prevented other dangerous diseases. It's dangerous to reiterate bleeding, for thereby the body is cooled, and the disease made more contumacious, yet if the Hemorrhoids be not open, which is very profitable, leeches may be applied, and those excellently draw away the next cause of the disease, heaped up in the mesenterics, especially if the matter tend thither, which is known by the itching of the fundament; and in those in which the hemorrhoids never flow. Malleoli vena post brachii phlebotomiam utiliter aperitur; whence oft the Fever ceaseth, or ends the sooner, especially in women whose courses are stopped, or flow more sparingly. The opening of the left hand salvatella by Zacutus is esteemed admirable, but especially add Quart. contumacem saphenae sec. in pede mirabilis. Some do it in the conjunction, others in the decrease of the Moon, two hours before the fit, for three fits following. 2. The offending matter is to be concocted and prepared by iteration, with splenetic humecters, as are fumaria, capill. Veneris, Ceterach. rad. eringii, decoct. raporum, syr. de pom. redolentibus, etc. Or, ℞. asparag. brusci, cichorii, buglos. macerat. in vino alb. an. ℥ j cortic. tamarisc. ℥. s. fol. borrag, buglos. ceterach. capill. Veneris, fumariae, chamaed. chamaepit. an. M. j liquirit. ℥ j flor. trium cordial. an. p. 1. coq. ad lb j s. in colat. dissol. syr. Byzant. capil. Veneris an. ℥. ij. f. Julep. pro iiij. dosibus matutinis, quae etiam ulteriùs continuandae sunt ad multos dies. For the contumacy of the matter needs long preparing. If the sick be more dainty, broths may be prepared of part of the foresaid simples, choosing those more grateful, to which profitably may be added, as also to Juleps. crcm. tart. In the time of preparing, purge are to intervene every third or fourth day, giving some cathartick, with this caution, that so long as the matter is very crude the more gentle are to be used; but concoction increasing, a little more strong. The matter of the purgers are to be noted, that they need not be enumerated. Sometimes it's profitable to prescribe an Apoz. both preparing, and purging for four or five doses, which may be composed of the matter of the foresaid Julep, with addition of purges, by which a good part of the diseased matter may be drawn forth. If the crassenesse and oppugnancy of the humour, with a cold distemper of the bowels adjoining, threaten length of the disease and dropsy, then more powerful movers are to be used, as ℞. rad. 5. a periti. in vino alb. maceratarum an. ℥. j rad. enul. camp. gentian. aristoloch. & asari. an. ℥. s. fol. chamaedries. agrimon. lupul. borag. ceterach, absinth. & centau. minor. an. M. j liquir. ras. & passul. mund. an. ℥. j see. mund. ℥ js. Epithy. ℥ j Agar, troch. rec. ʒ iij. zz. & caryophyl. an. ʒ j coq. adʒ j in colat. dissol. syr. de chicory compos. cum rheo. ℥ v. Troch. de capparibus. sal. absinth. & tamarisci, an. ʒ j f. Apoz. pro 5. dos. matutinis. This disease obstinately persevering, it's necessary a vicissitude of preparing, and purging should be used to remove the cause thereof. Vnica enim ferè haec causa est, cur multi quartanarii incurati maneant. Many through impatience, more through niggardliness, seeing a few medicaments remove not the disease, are ready to cast off all, but these are requited with the disadvantage. Usual purge are to be used, and oft reiterated, as magistral syrups, or pill. usuales. A magistral syr. may be composed of the matter of the Apozema, with a triple quantity of purgers. For pills usually used in the obstruction of the liver, as ℞. aloes optim. succ. absinth. diligent. nutrit. ℥. s. Turbith. gum. ʒ. ij. diacryd. ʒ j gum. Amoniac. in aceto soluti & trajectiʒ ij. Mrrrh. electae in vino calente solut. & trajectae. ʒ ij. agaric. troch. rec. ʒ j Sal. absinth. & Tamaris. an. ʒ ij. croci. ℈ s. cum oxymel. s. fiat. Mass. pill. de qua capiat. ʒ. s. vel ℈ ij. bis in septimana. If the sick be of a more hot temper, use pill. Riverii in melancholia hypochondria. adding to the dose of spec. ℈. s. and sal. absinth. & Tamaris. an. ʒ. s. putting in stead of troch. de lacca extract. croci ℈ j and use them as before. Here also pill. tartarea Quercet. at the first is good, After extract. helleb. nigr. Then pill. de sagapeno. This is familiar, easily prepared, and very profitable. ℞. decocti ab sinth. ℥ iij. in quibus see. ʒ ij. infus. fuerint, sumendo per intervalla. These purging medicaments are to be given the day before the fit, because the sick than is more strong, though some contend to have them given before the fit four hours, because by the fit the matter is stirred, and rendered more easy to be expelled: this is dangerous unless in very strong bodies, and concoction appear, because the motion of the fit, and purging are contrary. 2. Vomit in the beginning of the fit is commended, because nature at that time is more disposed to that evacuation, and this may be repeated, remembering before the next fit following there be exhibited Theriac. Androm, ʒ j in vino resoluta. You have the matter of the vomits in a tertian, yet in this asariʒ j in powder exhibited. in vin alb. is to take the first place, this may be three or four times repeated. In the time of purging, between, glisters are frequently to be cast in, that nature may be accustomed to expel the hurtful humours, and that some of the diseased matter contained in the intestines may be drawn out by degrees. If the disease be long and obstinate, abstain from remedies for a month or thereabout, that nature may recollect itself, and endeavour the concoction of the humour, but after return again to prepare and purging, 
☞  observing that in long diseases the same form of remedies are not always to be used, lest nature be thereto accustomed, & the sick grow weary of them. Various forms of purgers are formerly mentioned; for openers, besides the foresaid Juleps and Apoz. the following may be used in the progress of the disease, when signs of concoction begin to appear. ℞. vin. alb. lb iij. rad. enule. camp. ℥ ij. cortic. rad. cappar. ℥. s. summit, absinth. vulg. sicc. ℥ j infund. per triduum in B. M. serventur omnia simul, ut hujus vini cap. aeger. ℥ ij. vel iij, singul. diebus manè horis duabus ante pastum. The following pills, either of themselves, or together with the foresaid wine may be used. ℞. rad. Gentian. ʒ ij. Aristoloch. rotund. ʒ j Artemis. ʒ j bryoniae sicc. ʒ iij. myrrh. & croci, an. ʒ j rad. asariʒ ij. aloes ℥ j cum oxymel. scill. f. Mas. pill. de qua cap. ʒ j singulis diebus per se, vel paulò ante assumptionem vini praedicti. To these sppills may be added chalybs pp. and then the sick after the taking of them is to walk. Steel is very profitable, for it dissolves obstructions, and casts out the humours which foment the fits. If you would open and strengthen together, use this. ℞. conser. rad. enul. camp. conser. flor. absinth. & capil. Veneris, an. ℥ j cortic. citri conduit. ℥ s. confect. Alker. ʒ iij. Myrobal. conduit. Nii, spec. diarrhod. Abbot. ʒ ij. sal. absinth. Tamarisc. an. ʒ j croci ℈ ij. cum syr. conduit citri fiat opiate. de qua capiat. magnitud. castaneae sing. diebus manè duabus hor. ante pr●ndium: or if in the morning the sick take other remedies, it may be taken two hours before supper. Extract. chamaedryos cum sale Tamarisci permixtum in form. pilularum is excellent. To these are added diaphoreticks, which in the declining of the disease, serve excellently to discuss the rest of the diseased matter, signs of concoction appearing. Besides they correct the distemper contracted by long diseases, mend the ill habit of the body, and strengthen the stomach, liver, and other bowels weakened by the length of the disease. Of these Theriac. hath the precedency, exhibited either as before. or in decoct. chamaedryos (if that be too hot) come decoct. Agrimon. succ. vel aq. plantag. It's to be reiterated for many fits: It may also be given out of the fit in a morning for divers days, but a little before is better for it hinders the increase of the cold, and profitably discusseth the humours, which are the cause of the Fever beginning now to be warm: and by this either the fit is lessened, or if the matter be but small, 
☞  altogether removed. Yet that is to be done with very great caution, lest the Theriac. or other hot medicaments being exhihited before the matter is concocted; for so they scatter the putrid humours, and increase the Fever, so that oft of a simple Quartane, a double, or triple, yea a continual is generated. Therefore give them not before signs of concoction appear. Antimon. diaphoretic. sal. Armeniac. de purati. gr. vi. vel x. in aq, Cichorii ante paroxysmum, is good. Others commend china & sarsap. of which they make a first and second decoction, exhibiting of them for twenty days, and thereby cure contumacious Fevers. These will be the more efficacious, if with them be mixed some purgers. Beside these are appropriate medicaments to be given towards the declination, as ℞. fol. plantag. rec. M. 1. acetoes. rec. Ms. aceti, & Theriac. an. quartar. ji. distillentur, & hujus aq cap. aeger. ℥ iij. dimidiâ horâ ante paroxysmum. Or ℞. sacc. candi. ʒ iij zzʒ ij. camph. ʒ j f. pull. detur. ʒ j cum aq. calida. Saffron in powder to ℈ s given in white wine before the fit, doth much diminish the Quartane, also the seeds of wild rue given before the sit with white wine cures. The following Troch. exhibited, (though in winter) have cured many ℞. sem. rutae, Petroselini, myrrh. & Theriac. rec. an. ʒ j opii ℈ s. f. tr. parv. dabis unum cum aq. ante Paroxysmum. Also Amoniacum septies sublimalum, pulvis serpentum in convenienti vehiculo pondere. ℈. j vel ℈. js. ante paroxysmum datus, cor leporis, ut pulmon vulpis, praeparatum. ol myrr. ab gut. 4. ad 8. ante paroxysmum. Narcoticks have an excellent quality to stay the fits, but before they be exhibited, the greater part of the morbific matter must be evacuated, and obstructions much diminished, otherways they may be hurtful by retaining the vicious humours in the body, and so generate more obstructions, and other diseases; yet given as in the former Troch. mixed with some openers, and inciders, they are the less hurtful. To stay the fit, it's profitable to give gentle purgers an hour before it invades. These revel the humour rather by soliciting nature then purging, as ℞. Senn. mund. polyp. q. Thymi, Epithy. an. ʒ j flor. borrag. p. j f. Decoct. ad ℥ iij. cap. una hora ante paroxysmum: or ℞. Senn. ʒ iij. Turb. ʒ j Cynam. ʒ s. croci, & zz. an. ℈ s. Sacc. ad pond. omnium, f. pull. dividendus in tres parts, cap. unam ante paroxismum cum vino albo, vel pill. sagapeni Camilli. One of them given in the beginning of the fit, and continued for some days, and a little after anointing the back with a lineament made ex Theriac. aq. vit & ol. laur. vel de spica; and two or three hours after the taking of the pills, give broth prepared cum rad borrag. buglos. Thymi, & pom. curtipend. The anointing of the spin is profitable for easing the rigour of the fit, and therefore oft to be used, although the foresaid pills be not given; they may also be composed ex ol. Anethi, chamom. irino, costino, rutaceo, de piperibus, aliísque calidioribus, cum aq vitae, Theriac. Caryopbyl. castoreo, Sinapi, piper. aliísque permixtis. These ointments will work more efficaciously, if with them the Spine be anointed before the fit before the fire, and then put the sick in a hot bed, laying hot bricks besprinkled with sack, and lapped up in linen, and applied to the sols of the feet and palms of the hands. Whilst the former remedies are using, special care is to be had of the Spleen, because that part in this disease is perpetually affected, and therefore such fomentations, liniments, and emplasters as are used in obstructions of that part, are daily to be used; yea, and sometimes baths of hot water conduce, especially after many evacuations, not only to ease the Spleen, but also to humect the whole body, and help the concoction of the diseased matter; they are to be used in the intermitting days, only warm, for otherways the humours being hastened into the several parts would produce more dangerous Symptoms. These medicaments used to the wrists, are not to be rejected; as ℞. fol. Sambuci, Salviae, ped. columbin. rute, an. M. s calthae tertiam partem, Sal. & Vini parùm, omnia si nul trita carpis admoveantur ante accessionem. Or rad. urtic. contusa & aceto macerata brachiorum, & pedum Arteriis applicentur. Some have cured it by the application of Crowfoot to the wrists. For Spurious quartans are to be cured almost with the same remedies provided for a Tertian, adding in the decoction of the juleps and Apoz. those things which peculiarly respect the atrabilious humour. As also those more temperate set down in the legitimate Tertian, as in the beginning, adding borago buglos. fumar. lupul, acetoes. cichorii, ceterach. Scolopendria, agrimon. poma redol. The decoctions of these, their distilled waters, and sometimes their juice, if purified, may be added to the Julep, Apoz. or Magistral. Syr. In the progress to the former may be added cortic. rad. cappar. med. Tamaris enul. camp. polypod. q. absi●thi. Whilst the sick are using these preparatives, purgers are oft to be cast in, on the day ante paroxysmum, and reiterated twice a week, which may be put in various forms. For the dainty losing ptisans may be used cum Syr. de pom. Saporis, or chicken-broth altered cum borrag. buglos. pimpinella; add. Senn. ʒiij. vel ℥ s. Bleeding plentifully at the beginning is to be used, if strength, temperament, and age, etc. concur. The disease continuing, vomiting is to be permitted, and reiterated as before, The Hypochond. are to be fomented; as ℞. rad. althaeae, lilior. Enul. camp. cortic. rad. cappar. & Median. Tamarisc. an. ℥ j fol. Malu. Althae. parietar. borag. buglos. pimpinellae, absinth. an M. j Sem. lini. & petrosel. an. ℥ s. flor. chamom anethi, Melilot. an. p. j fiat decoctio in tribus partibus aq. & una vin. alb. Sub finem additis, qua foveantur Hypochondria bis die longè à pastu. ℞. unguent. dialth. ℥ j s. ol. lilior. chamom. rosar. absinth. an. ℥ s. f. lineament. applicandum post fotum, or oil alone applied cum lana succida. These correct the ill quality of the bowels, subdue the new matter of the fits, and greatly mollify and attenuate the impacted humour. Lastly, baths of warm water are excellent, either ex aq. dulci, or wherein are boiled emollients and humecters, or only Hord. & Amygd. These oft make a full conquest, by correcting the distemper of the bowels, temperating the heat and dryness of Atrabile, mollifying the hard, opening and losing the ways, and concocting the crude humours, these are to be used as before with the said cautions, and their operation will be much furthered, if in the entering into the bath medicaments preparing and opening obstructions be given. Amongst which the decoction o● Wormwood, and Elicampane hath the precedency, being most commodious to prepare all contumacious humours, if the great heat of the bowels do not forbid it: in which case others more temperate may be mixed. And whilst these are using, gentle purge are to be reiterated as before. In the real declination signs of concoction appearing, fly to specificks above prescribed. In the whole course of the disease, the breast is to be respected, lest they fall into a Consumption, for the offending humour hath an eroding quality. Diet: Diet. Aliments are to be such as afford good juice, are of easy concoction, of thin substance, and moderately heating, and moistening, as the flesh of young Animals, and mountain-birds, new, and rear eggs, river-fish. In the state and declination admit of salt fish, capers, olives, yea pepper and mustard. Of herbs is commended borage, bugloss, pimpinel, spinach, the roots of fennel, and parsley, and above the rest, turnips, which are first to be boiled in water, and after in fat broth, which is most profitable for a quartane; a decoction whereof mixed with butter and sugar, hath cured many. Of fruits, apples stewed; prunes, raisins, figs, almonds, dates, pine-nuts; and to season meats, use cinnamon, nutmegs, and saffron. Abstain from all things that may ferment the melancholy humour, as aliments that are thick and tough, and are hard to be concocted, as pork, venison, hare, etc. The Drink is to be pure white-wine, or claret, vel decoct. sarsapar. vel aq Hord. chalyb. The quantity of the aliment is to be but little, that so strength may be preserved; for too much generates abundance of crudities, and so lengthens the disease. Be very sparing in drinking; for nothing renders the Fever so contumacious, as too abundant drinking; for it fills and distends the Spleen. In the day of the fit eat not at all, unless it be six hours before the fit; long sleep humects, and therefore profitable, yet eat it in the beginning of the fit. Gentle exercise before meat in the intermitting days is good, or instead thereof rubbings; the belly being first freed from excrements. Those called periculosae, are most hardly cured. Alum the quantity of half an egg, with half a nutmeg, and some sugar made into a powder, and given in some posset-drink at the beginning of the fit, hath cured many, when many more valued medicaments have been successless.   

CHAP. VI De Febribus com ositis, & Semitertiana.  
COmpound Fevers are, when Fevers are joined with Fevers. They are joined variously; for sometimes a nonputrid, as a Hectic, is joined with a putrid. Sometimes a putrid with a putrid; and these either a continual with a continual, which is scarce observed; or an intermitting with an intermitting, vel vice versa. Intermittings with continuals have a double manner of complicating: an intermitting tertian with a continual quotidian, or a quotidian intermitting with a continual Tertian: and these are called Semitertianae, though the first more properly. These may be divided variously: Some be confusae, when two Fevers begin, and end at the same time, so as they are scarcely discernible, which is from various humours putrified, and confused in one place: or implicitae, when they may be severally known: others Subintrantes, when another fit gins before one ends, other Coalternae, when one fit ending, another gins shortly after: other Communicantes, when the sit of one gins presently after the other fit. Some be intermittentes, under which are contained, first a Tertian as double; which is either when it afflicts once every day, or twice in one day: and it ariseth from bile putrifying in two places in the mesaraick veins. So triple, which afflicts thrice in the space of two days, viz. once in one day, and twice in the other; and ariseth from bile putrifying in three places. Secondly, Quotidiana duplex, which afflicts the sick twice every twenty four hours space. Thirdly, Quartana double, which leaves one day free, but the next two molests. So triple, in which the sick are afflicted every day, Fourthly, some be Continuae, such are Semitertians: this is a Fever composed, as hath been said, of a continual Quotidian, and an intermitting Tertian, afflicting continually, but every other day cum rigore. It also ariseth from the same causes, yet very frequently from the inflammation of some of the bowels. It's known by the signs of both Fevers. They are caused from yellow choler without, and phlegm within the vessels putrifying, and is named Horrifica, because it doth not only cause shaking at the beginning of the fit, but also through the whole course of the disease, especially in the beginning and the increase, with the two fits joined together in one, viz. the Tertian, and Quotidian, with many reduplications, which are no other than unequal shake & motions in the same fit, returning by certain intervals from a mutual combat of the two Fevers, in which if phlegm abounds, there follows horror and coldness of the extreme parts, but afterward the bile overcoming, the body is hot, and the Fever seems to tend ad vigorem. Again, when the victory returns to the phlegm, there is coldness and horror, and so the combat is accustomed to endure, until the Fever comes ad vigorem. Hence it is that shake appear only every other day viz when the fits of the Tertian are strong, and joined with the Quotidian; but when the Quotidian only bears the sway, there is wont to be no horror. Yet this is to be noted, certain malign Fevers are to be found which are without mixture of a Tertian, and Quotidian, and so without any concourse of bile, and phlegm, that are Horridae. And in them the shake happen from sharp and malign vapours, which are elevated from the corrupt matter of malign Fevers biting and gnawing the sensible parts. But that is properly called a Semitertian, either exquisite, when putrified phlegm, and bile abound equally, or spurious, when either choler exceeds phlegm, or when phlegm exceeds choler. In the first the Symptoms of the Tertian are greater, in the latter, the Symptoms of the latter. So if bile exuberate, than the whole Fever is more shaking, and sometimes with it is associated rigour also; it's more hot, and bile is cast out by vomit, stool, or sweat; but if phlegm prevails, extreme cold occupies the extreme parts, and little shaking is present, the fits grow out slower, and oft endure a long time, yet not with thirst, or suffering great burning. These Fevers are known by what hath been spoken; the Pulse is often, and unequal, and the Urinal crude, thin, and ill-coloured, and sometimes filthy, with ill, or no sediment. These Fevers are dangerous, and in them the stomach, Progn. and nervous parts are much afflicted, and dryness of tongue, thirst, alienation of the mind, watching doth follow. It may in reference to the choler be esteemed an acute disease, but in respect of the phlegm a chronical. Sometimes it's prolonged from a month to seven. The Cure Cure. thereof is to be taken from those medicaments which are necessary to oppose a Tertian, and Quotidian; and when it's continual, follow the method propounded in all putrid continual Fevers; so that if choler have predominancy, than those things which respect it are to be more used; but if phlegm, than those things which do more prepare, and purge it; where Agaric may bear the laurel. And lastly, where both bile, and phlegm abound equally, a like proportion of both remedies are to be mixed.    

SECT. III.  

The Preface.  
MOst that have writ of Fevers, have distinguished a pestilential Fever from a malign, and so handle them in various chapters by the name of a pestilential, understanding the true plague; but a malign, that which is commonly called Spotted, or that which though it be epidemical, and contagious, is less dangerous, and in it more escape then die; whereas if the essence of a true plague consists in it, more die then escape. Yet these Fevers differ amongst themselves, only according to the greater, or lesser, degrees of malignity, and aught to be cured as with the same method, so with the same medicaments, and therefore may all be included in the following Chapter, to which may be given the general name. And after it, to conclude the Section with another, handling the Small Pox, and Measles, which are perpetually accompanied with malignity; and therefore not undeservedly by Authors handled in one book.   

CAP. I. De Febre Pestilenti.  
THese Fevers are called pestilent, which are infested not only with a mere distemper, or putrid heat, but also with a maligre and venomous quality; they are contagious, drawn in by accompanying the sick, as well as from common causes, to wit, the air, or vicious aliment. Sometimes other diseases acquire this denomination from ill and cruel Symptoms, although a venomous quality (wherein the essence of a pestilent disease consists) be altogether absent: but where it s present, whether in a Diary, Hectic or putrid, it may be termed pestilential, though the two first be much controverted. This venomous quality ariseth from the corruption of the humours, which consists not in a simple temperament, or common putridness usually found in putrid Fevers; said in totius naturae, insitaeque substantiae destructione, as wine whilst it's turned into vappam, suffers all sorts of corruption, but when it's changed into Vinegar, it's thought simply to putrify.  
A pestilent Fever differs from the Plague, as species à genere; the latter may be without a Fever, it being not always necessary, that with the venomous quality should be joined putridness, from which the Fever ariseth: the venomous quality may be produced in the humours by the entire corruption of their substance, and introducing a new form on which depends that malign quality, for as oft as a new form is introduced, the former is corrupted, and though to their change an ill alteration is necessary, yet not putridness; hence the humours suffering such a corruption may be without putrefaction, yet because the humours are more obnoxious to putrefaction, they seldom suffer corruption, but putridness intervenes: hence that plague is most rare which is without a Fever; besides, by an intense, profound and sordid putridness (as it's called) such a corruption is usually stirred up. So that many Fevers which were not from the beginning pestilential, may (by the ignorance or negligence of the Physician, disobedience of the sick, or fierceness of external causes ill handled, putrefaction being made more intense) end in pestilential.  
Corruption may precede putrefaction; this plainly appeareth in those infected with the Plague by contagion, into whom the venomous quality is first communicated, and by that the humours are corrupted, putrefaction following; hence the plague first afflicting, sometimes in the first days is without a Fever; which after appears, the putrefaction being kindled, as is evident in a part gangrenated, which is first corrupted, afterward putrefieth; therefore a pestilent Fever is caused, quando humores corrupti, & venenatam qualitatem adepti ad putredinem deveniunt: and hence the heart is doubly afflicted, i. e. both with putrid heat, and a malign quality. This corruption of the humours being not always uniform, but sometimes more, otherwhiles less intense; it falls out that that venomous quality produced from it, according as its various degrees are more or less pernicious, and so the malignity of the Fever more or less, which hints that distinction of pestilential Fevers into that simply so called the Plague, of which more die then live, and malign, in which more escape than die. The differences of pestilent Fevers are taken either from the matter in which that venomous quality is produced, or the place in which the same matter is contained; as in putrids, the matter putrifying being blood, choler, etc. denominates them Synochus, Tertian, Quart. etc. But by reason of the place wherein those humours putrified are contained, they are called continual, or intermitting, as the said humours are lodged within, or without the veins. So pestilent Fevers are called Synochus, Tertian, etc. Some continual, others intermitting, although it's supposed, that intermitting Fevers are without danger; which is to be understood of those that are not associated with any malignity; for it's oft observed, that intermitting Tertians are accompanied with such a height of malignity, that the sick are removed the third or fourth fit; others that escape, are cast into great danger of life by reason of cruel symptoms. Other differences are taken from intenseness or remissness, viz, Some are more, others less intense or remiss, as they participate more, or less of the malignity. They are called more, or less Simple, as the matter is more or less putrid, tum calor praeternaturam ex ea emergens intensior aut remissior est: but more malign, and benign according to the degrees of intenseness of the venomous quality. Hence it happens that sometimes a pestilent Fever is from the greatest degree both of putridness, and venomous quality, and then it's most cruel, the latter much afflicting the heart, and the first hurting the rest of the faculties, producing bitter Symptoms. Sometimes putridness is great, the venomous quality remiss, and then the Fever is more troublesome, the vital faculties less afflicted; contrary, sometimes the putridness is remiss, and the ill quality intense; then the Fever is remiss with less Symptoms, but the strength is most cast down. Yea sometimes putridness is so remiss, that there's almost none, and the malign quality altogether intense, and then the Fever seems little or none, either to the sick or standers by, though then it's altogether deadly; for the ill quality increasing, dejects the strength, and overchargeth the heart; and here also the Physician may be put to it, there being no present signs either of Crudity, or ill humours, withal the pulse and heat of the body to touch being at first almost natural; the like is wont to happen in the first difference, when there's a juncture of greatest malignity; for by fit remedies the putrefaction being overcome and signs of future safety appearing, yet sometimes death follows, from the not correcting the malign quality.  
The last difference is taken from the adjuncts, and these are often most evident; for there's no cruel Symptoms, or any kind of deadly disease which doth not accompany this Fever: the Symptoms are headache, delirium, sleepiness, etc. of which hereafter, these being also in common with other Fevers, the diseases are the Squinsey, Pleurisy, etc.  
The Signs Signs. are either such as threaten, or such as show it present, or those that discover when dead; the first are taken from the disposition of the body, the second from present Causes, and third from certain middle dispositions. Those bodies disposed to a pestilential fever, are such as are loaded with ill juices, by reason of ill diet, and the preposterous use of the six non-natural, or are plethoric, or fill themselves inordinately or excessively; the passions of whose mind are extravagant, and use venery too immoderately, especially the two last; the first drawing the spirits from their proper operations, the other debilitating the functions by which the humours are alienated, and certain corruption follows; also hot and moist temperaments being subject to putrefaction, so the more dense and rare habits, the first wanting free transpiration, the latter being open to all injuries; the present Causes that foretell, may be war, famine, unseasonable times. The middle dispositions that foretell, is, when the present dispositions of the body conjoin with the abovesaid Signs, as sadness, deep fear, disturbance in sle●p, voluntary laziness, thirst, watching, loathing; for all these show the humours to be strayed from their natural temper, and to begin to corrupt, f●om which a pestilent Fever ariseth.  
The Signs discovering at present, may be drawn from threefold Symptoms; for Symptoms are the effects of diseases, and the disease cannot be well known without the effects. Some are taken from the Actions hurt, others from excretions, and others from the qualities changed, to which may be added those drawn from the effects coming upon it. To understand this a right, premise first, that Symptoms of the Plague and malign Fevers are almost the same, only the first are more cruel than the latter. Secondly, there's no absolute pathognomical sign to be given of these Fevers; for both buboes, and Carbunole may be wanting in the true Plague; and again, they may appear without malignity; for the spots, they are sometimes absent in pestilent Fevers, yet present in those labouring of the suppressed courses, and in some children, from a light Ebullition of blood, though no Fever appear; yet of all Signs, these most certainly discover these Fevers. Thirdly observe, all Signs propounded are not found in all sick▪ but only part of them, which is sufficient; for according to the disposition of the body and intenseness or remissness of the disease, now this Symptom, now that is wont to appear. Lastly note, although the Signs in a pestilent and a malign Fever may also be found in other Fevers, yet they may be as it were proper in this Fever. First, quia in hisce febribus peculiarem quandam conditionem prae se ferunt, which is not found in other Fevers; for headache, loathing, vomiting, measure of heat, while they happen in pestilential Fevers, acquire a peculiar malign condition, which differs them from themselves, while they appear in other Fevers. So that they may be discerned by a mean Artist. Secondly, the Symptoms do not keep that proportion amongst themselves in these Fevers, which is found in other Fevers; for although the heat be gentle to the touch, the Pulse not much changed, or little appearance of a Fever: yet there's excessive headache, watching, sometimes delirium, and other Symptoms, which follow and are oft joined with burning Fevers, all these considered for Signs, the Urinal is sometimes like those in healthful bodies, i. e. when humours offend more from malign quality then putridness; it oft continues thus in the first days, but after is thick and troubled. Sometimes in the state it appears concoct; yet the sick hastens to death. Sometime it's thin and crude, having no sediment, if any, it's not true. Yet very oft it's thick and filthy, of high colour, having a thick, red, confsed, and troubled sediment; yea all dispositions of Urinal may happen in this disease, from the various alterations of the putrid and corrupt humours. The Pulse is as changeable as the Urinal, notwithstanding the heart is vehemently afflicted, from the venomous quality, therefore the Pulse by occasion of it is variously altered, according to the variety of times and divers conditions of the disease; for in principio oft its almost natural and agreeing with a healthful Pulse; but in progressu & morbi augmento, it's oft small, weak, and unequal. Yea sometimes it will be greater, being increased by reason of heat; because the heart to repel such an assaultant, moves more than necessity requires for the ventilating the heat. Cardialgia, or that vulgarly called heart-ach, discovers malignity, especially if sociated with distension of the praecordium, and headache. Thirst sometimes is great, if the feverish heat be much, yet sometimes is wanting when it's remiss. Loathing and abhorring all sorts of Aliment, no less than the most ingrate medicaments, arising from malign vapours afflicting the stomach. Vomiting being from the same cause, especially if in the beginning. Some vomit presently upon taking solid things, and retain well liquid, others contrary: some in the casting up of either, with them vomit various humours: in the mean time thirst, dryness, and blackness of the tongue increaseth. Shakes oft, and inordinate happening oft in a day, stirred up from sharp biting vapours, and such things as are alien to nature, delating the sensible parts, which seldom happens in other putrid fevers, because in them the halatus acquires not the like malignity. It's true in intermitting tertians endued with malignity, sometimes Signs of malignity may be taken from cold, and shaking, it sometimes happening in the beginning of the fit, in which the flesh is as if frozen, & the face appears like one ready to die; the Pulse so little, it can scarce be perceived. After the heat follows, which neither in the increase or state is much to the touch, or perceived sharp: yea the flesh to the declination perseveres endued either with a warm heat, or coldish. By reason of the increase of heat the Pulse may be bigger, but it will be small, weak, oft, and unequal; many other Symptoms of a pestilent Fever will be joined, all which confirms that there's not only continual, but intermitting pestilent Fevers. Weariness of the whole body in the beginning, and pain joined, as if the members would break, from vapours spread in the whole body. Headache, watching and delirium, all from the foresaid vapours, which if they invade the membranes, procure headache: if the brain itself heating and drying it; if gently, then watching; if more intense, than it produceth delirium. Other Symptoms might be added arising from this venomous quality, not found in common fevers, unless the Fever be very great. In this Fever the pain is very peculiar, in that it's very various. sometimes possessing the Occiput, otherwhiles the Sinciput; now the forehead, than the eyebrows; sometimes the Scapula's, sides, back, and other parts of the body; sometimes it afflicts continually the same place; otherwhiles changeth the place, and in all these cruelly afflicting. To some happen sleepy affects, as those whose brains are stuffed with pituitous excrements, which being liquified by hot vapours arising from the lower parts, hinder the functions of the brain. A bilious flux of the belly arising either of itself, or moved with a light cause, as gentle Glisters, or Purges, and after contumaciously perseveres, killing many. In these the excrements stink much, from great putrefaction possessing the humours. Abundance of worms is used to be cast forth, especially in the beginning of the disease, generated from the notable putridness of the humours. Sweatings oft putting forth in principio, yet small, little, and unprofitable. Heat to touch, is so mild and gentle, that it scarce seems to be a Fever, the Fever being caused more from malign quality, then vulgar distemper or putridness. Redness of the eyes appears very often, the meanings of the brain being inflamed from the sharp vapours ascending, which are easily communicated to the adnata, having its original from them. Purple spots like flea-bite peculiar to this Fever, arising in no other, caused from ill, venomous blood, joined with a putrid quality of other humours. Sometimes, as hath been said, they may appear in other diseases, but from a contrary cause, i. e. thin blood moved with heat, or the expulsive faculty, as in children, such as are troubled with fluxes of blood, the blood thereby being made more thin and aqueous: in those troubled with the spleened jaundice, and long obstructions of the bowels, because the weakness of the bowels produceth aqueous blood: also those inclining to a Cachexia, for in these the blood being made thinner, flows out sometimes by the nose and other parts, other while passing through the capillaries, it's transmitted into the parts of the skin, where being retained, it loseth its proper colour, and appears either livid, black, or reddish, of which there are various differences, yet all differing much from those in a pestilent Fever, which are produced from putrid humours infected with an ill quality; these spots break forth sometimes critically, otherwhiles symptomatically; critically, when putridness is vanquished either in part or in whole, and the ill quality corrected; nature transmitting the corrupt humours from within outwards, and then there always follows a decrease of the disease. But Symptomatically, when nature being provoked before the quantity and ill quality of the morbific matter be concocted and corrected, sends portion of the matter to the parts of the skin. Whence follows no ease to the sick, which hints, nature rather is conquered. The colour of these spots are various, discovering thereby the diversity of the humours. Red being from more purer blood: Green, Crimson, Livid, from bilious blood more or less adust. They appear sometimes greater, sometimes lesser: sometimes more, sometimes fewer; they begin to appear sometimes the 4, 5, 7, or 10th, or other judiciary days when the excretion tends to good; sometimes in other days, and then they are less profitable, and not to be confided in; they appear sometimes in all the parts of the body, yet most oft in the loins, breast, and neck. Affects coming presently with a pestilent Fever are exanthemata, pustles, ulcers of the mouth, carbuncles, buboes and parotides Exanthematas differ from the spots, in that they raise the skin more or less, most like the grain of Milium, their colours are various; sometimes red, begot from blood; otherwhiles white, from phlegm or serosities; yellow, from bile; purple, livid, black, from bile more or less burnt. Sometimes they are Critical, otherwhile Symptomatical, and some betwixt both. Again, some are dry, others suppurated, and others ulcerate. To these may be referred pustles appearing in the mouth, which receive the same differences, and are sometimes so malign, that the sick can scarce eat or drink. In very young they produce death, the oft degenerating into ulcers exceedingly trouble the sick, by hindering the motion of the tongue, especially swallowing. Sometimes ulcers of the mouth called Apthae are generated without any pustles preceding, of which some are deep, others superficial, some clear, others filthy, some benign, others malign, some with crusts, others without. The Crusts are sometimes white, yellow, livid, or black; those that are sordid, deep, and malign, with black crusts, are more dangerous. Carbuncles, and Buboes happen in many parts of the body especially about the glandulous parts, because the expulsive quality being provoked from a malign quality, expels the pernicious matter from the internal parts, especially the noble, to the external; hence the matter is transmitted from the brain to the glandules near the ears, from the heart to the armpits, from the liver to the groins, whence Buboes, etc. are generated. Which kind of Tumours, though they may appear in other Fevers, yet more usually, and especially in pestilent. Peculiarly Buboes, Carbuncles and Parotis break forth in malign Fevers; but it is in those wherein is a great degree of malignity, and cometh near the Plague.  
Signs showing it after death, are spots and strokes, as if beat, especially if they be livid or black, as also Exanthamatas, Carbuncles, Buboes, etc. especially if they be of an ill colour.  
Causes Causes. are either inward or outward: the first are either immediate or mediate; the immediate cause is the corruption of the humours joined with putrefaction; from the first is acquired an ill and venomous quality: From the second the Fever is generated. The Mediate causes are plethora, Cacochymia, and obstructions. Fullness is to be understood not ad vasa, but ad vires, which when not regulated by nature easily conceives corruption and putrefaction. The like may be said of Cacochymia, or abundance of ill humours. And lastly, obstructions are apt to produce all kind of Fevers, even as humours shut up in a hot and moist place, if they breathe not out freely, easily putrify: these mediate internal causes are usually called morbosus apparatus, the force whereof is such, that sometimes of itself it produceth a more remiss pestilent Fever, commonly called simple, malign, or spotted Fever; and this without any external, or common cause intervening, as it's oft seen in less Epidemical constitutions, and when no popular disease is raging. Certain of these Fevers break forth from the i'll condition of the humours, which are environed with many Symptoms of malign Fevers, as also with spots. About obstructions, this is to be noted, they necessarily concur as a special cause in malign Fevers, which are from an internal cause, and are sporadical. But epidemical, which are produced from a common cause and the pestilent state of the air, need not necessarily have such a cause, for from the inspiration of the corrupt air alone, or from contagion only, that venomous quality is conceived, by which the humours of the body declining from their proper nature, freely fall into putridness. Even as hoary fruits, and other things easily putrifiable, although maximè perflentur, yet they cannot be kept from putrefaction: so also the humours when they have conceived that pernicious quality, they easily fall into putrefaction. So that although there be no obstruction present, they necessarily fall into putridness and Fever. And the humours thus led into putrefaction (nature not being able to rule them) oft beget obstructions, by which the Fever is increased, and so obstructions concur in these Fevers, which although from the beginning they have not been the cause of the Fever, yet they follow, & à causis labe pestilenti infectis fovetur. The external are the six things non-natural, which as they are natural, so they necessarily alter our bodies; when they recede much from their natural state, they beget malign and venomous qualities in us. Of these the ambient air requires the first place, which even as it's the most common cause, so common diseases are wont oft to arise from the faults thereof. The air is hurtful to men under a threefold consideration especially. First, when healthful winds do not blow; this is evident, for if the air be not difflated and moved with the wind, it easily corrupts. Secondly, when it's defiled with polluted, putrid, and stinking vapours; and this is most powerful and most frequent; those vapours arise from Marshes, Lakes, Pools, Bogs, Fishponds, or other watery places, which are standing, or stuffed with filthy matter, or waters wherein is steeped lime, hemp, or from stinking Sinkes, Dunghills, and narrow lanes that stink, or from dead carcases unburied. Or from caves and dens, in which the air hath been very long shut up, let's out a stinking putridness, by Earthquakes or by other accident. Thirdly, as the air exceeds in its first quality, or it be in a preposterous condition, so it afflicts men; this happens various ways, but especially when it exceeds too much in hotness, moistness being the principle of corruption; hence the south-wind continuing long, hath been a special cause of all pestilential Fevers; if it exceed in dryness, it's less hurtful, yet an enemy to our nature; therefore if it extraordinarily exceed, it procures the like affect with the other, especially if therewithal be joined excessive hotness; by this also is fruit corrupted. If it exceed in coldness, it procures pestilent Fevers by stopping the pores; whence is procured greater putrefaction, and more grievous venosity; and hence these Fevers are more dangerous then in Summer, because then the passages are more open, through which that which is putrid easily exhales, and preternatural afflux from the natural, is fitly breathed out. The inequalities of the times are wont to be the cause of these Fevers, viz. when it's one while hot, then cold; now dry, then moist, succeeding one another, oft interchanging and continuing long, as when after long heat comes extreme cold suddenly; or when after long rain, extreme dryness followeth: so contrary, or when the air is preposterous, as hot in winter, and cold in summer; for hence is procured great confusion of humours, thence acquiring an ill condition fit to produce malign Fevers, especially in those bodies which before by reason of ill diet are plethoric cacochymick, or have notable obstructions. To these causes may be added the air altered by the afflux of ill Planets, as the ☌ of ♄ ♃ and ♂, in which are humane signs, especially ♂ being Lord, and by these diseases are procured from no other cause, then by the change of the air. Now this change is either from a manifest quality, i. e. when from their influence the air is changed, or from an occultnesse, when from the hidden force of the stars, without notable excess in the first qualities. The first is undubitable, and consented to by all Philosophers, that these inferiors are governed by the superior constellations: for as the alteration of the air, which happens quarterly, ariseth from the annual motion of the Sun; so the great diversity of years, one being very moist, another very dry, when as the Sun holds the same course in the Zodiac every year, it could not be, unless it depended upon the various Aspects of the Stars; though the other not so easily believed, is proved by Astrologers. To these may be added Eclipses, Meteors, especially Comets, which seldom ever appear, but epidemical and pestilent diseases, and various mutations follow in the world, as may appear by the effects of that which appeared November 17. 1610. to the truth of which all Europe may give an experimental testimony.  
The next cause is Aliment, when by reason of a certain ill diet morjapparatus is drawn on, which is the cause sine qua non, and the efficient internal of all malign and pestilent Fevers; for from ill and corrupt nourishment pestilential diseases arise, especially if it happen from the foresaid constitutions of the air.  
Famine is another cause according to the proverb, A Plague follows a Famine; for then the poorer sort filling themselves with ill aliment; thence follows an ill habit; and especially if after penury comes suddenly plenty; for than they too suddenly gorging themselves with much meat, which cannot, by reason of the weak heat of the parts, be rightly concocted; whence a malign putridness is acquired.  
Again, when Aliments good in themselves acquire a putrid ill quality, such as Wheat, Barley, when either too long kept, or put into ill and noisome places, so also flesh, or when it dies of itself.  
For drink, these may cause viz. putrid and corrupt wine and water of corrupt and putrid and stinking Lakes, also other corrupted liquor.  
The last is the non-natural, as excretion and retention, motion and rest, sleeping and waking, and the passions of the mind; and these may be looked upon only as adjuvant causes disposing the body to receive malign putrefaction. First, the retention of the Menses in women, & other accustomed evacuations in men, as the Hemorrhoids, Hemorrhagiae, and Fluxes of the belly, which in some happen by intervals, if they fall out in Epidemical constitutions, they usually produce malign diseases; for that which should be cast out as superfluous and burdensome to nature, being retained, easily beget putrefaction. So too great evacuations either of blood or other humours much weakens the body, diminisheth the native heat, which receives more easily the pollution of the ill and pestilent air. Too much idleness, and too much exercise also affects, the first for want of free ventilation, which causeth putrefaction; the other opening the pores and dissolving the heat, makes a more easy way to receive the seed of contagion. Too much sleep heap; up many excrements, and fills the body with humidities, which most easily putrefy. But too much watching generates crudities more than the native heat is able to regulate; whence many obstructions are caused, and so transpiration is hindered, which generate putrefaction. Passions of the mind, as vehemently to move the body, and disturb the humours, greatly hasten on this evil, especially fear and sorrow, which calls the vital spirits inward; whence the strength of the heart being much broken, is less able to resist danger, yea and the commotion of the humours in the veins, and their vehement disturbance dejects the natural constitution, and begets malign putrefaction. However it's thought the Plague in armies is more raging, not so much from the ill diet, as the apprehension of the danger of death. Prognostics are uncertain, & therefore no event to be assured till there be manifest conquest either of the disease or nature, Prognos. which is discernible either at the end of the state or the beginning of the declination; therefore in the beginning and increase, judgement is to be suspended, if the Pulse keeps equal, and in order, in these Fevers, although the Fever appears great, there is always good hope; but contrary, if inordinate, unequal, and contracted, dangerous, especially if it hath appeared weak from the beginning; yet these differences of Pulses are not so pernicious in malign, as in common Fevers; for although the Pulse intermitting in young, is deadly, yet in this they have escaped: a healthful Pulse is dangerous, discovering nature so weakened, that it cannot enter upon the concoction of the malign matter; hence it not being touched, there follows little labour; and here the Fever is little, as in external Tumours; so long as the part is overwhelmed from the abundance, or ill quality of the matter, it causeth neither pain nor Fever, but when nature averse to the matter enters upon the combat, and attempts to convert it into pus, then at that time the Fever discovers itself. So in malign Fevers, the sick seems to be freed from it, when yet it's worse, and he hastens to death. Delirium in this Fever is most frequent, neither is it to be feared; when it's assuaged by sleep, especially if it vanish with abundance of sweat, for it's a sign the matter is called from the brain to the habit of the body; a delirium persevering, is most pernicious, it shows it will degenerate into a true frenzy. Contractions and leaping of the members is wont to happen oft in these fevers, they are convulsive motions, and very dangerous, and the more, if joined with delirium, for they discover the brain to be much hurt; the trembling motion of the tongue and hands are deadly, it arguing very great weakness, and nature to be overcome by the disease. Deafness, although in the beginning of acute diseases be most dangerous, yet appearing in the state, foretells safety, especially in malign Fevers; for it's observable that thousands labouring of those Fevers, upon coming of deafness in the state although other Symptoms were very dangerous, yet they have done well; for it's a sign the strength of the brain is sufficient to thrust out the noxious humours from the internal parts to the external. Sneezing in some diseases is deadly; but in malign Fevers, although cruel Symptoms hold forth danger, yet it holds forth security. Cardialgia or hichough do threaten danger, and shows the stomach grievously afflicted with a venomous quality: a great loathing of meat is most dangerous, it signifying the stomach abounding with an ill quality, and the temper thereof altogether overturned, so that the laudable aliment which before was most familiar, it loathes, and hates. The suppression of all evacuations, in the beginning and increase of the disease is good, for it shows the diseased matter not to be so malicious as to stir up nature before its due time: but nature as yet overcomes. If nothing be cast out in the state and Symptoms be cruel it's ill, it being a sign either of the diseases continuance, or else doubtful whether it will end well or no. Because the malign matter not cast out, but continuing long, it so afflicts and weakens the brain, and produceth the frenzy, lethargy, which is most hard to remove. Blood drawn if it be pure, & according as it ought, it's dangerous; for it's an evident, sign that there is either more venomous quality than putrefaction, or else the putrefaction is lodged in the veins next the heart, and so cannot be drawn forth. From urine; no prognostic can be made in a pestilent Fever, or if any, yet uncertain. For not only confused, filthy, thicker and thinner urins, which in other Fevers is ill; but also those which are like healthful. Yea and many signs of concoction manifestly appearing in the urine, it changing the patiented dieth worse, and is removed, but yet concoct urins having a laudable sediment, and that continuing many days, and day by day uniting itself more, and descending by degrees into the bottom of the glass is perpetually a certain sign of safety: also in malign and pestilential Fever. For it shows the natural faculty is strong enough to conquer the adverse malign quality; therefore in malign Fever where there is great fear of the sick by reason of cruel Symptoms, yet if there continue Signs of concoction in the urine, safety may be prognosticated with great confidence. Urinal fat and oleous, black or livid, with the Hypostasis black or livid, doth certainly pronounce ill, Abundance of urine (a lessening of the Fever not following) is ill, because it signifies colliquation. Sweat in this Fever, although it fall out with requisite conditions, yet if not on a critical day, there cannot be safety judged. Yea, sometimes the Fever remits, the first day by sweeting, but after the Symptoms increase, the sick after many sweatings dies. For much sweat not lessening the disease ariseth from the wasting of the whole body, neither is that to be credited, that critical sweats in this Fever is never profitable, nam quò minùs venenositatis febris obtenuerit, eò magis prodesse poterunt; as in other vulgar Fevers this is a certain observation, if the sick from the beginning of the Fever break forth with frequent sweats, it may be profitable, being a sign that nature by little attenuates the matter, and casts it out by sweat. The Flux of the belly of all is most uncertain; for if it happen in the beginning, it may be sometimes good, otherwhiles deadly. Again, premise some concoction maybe seen in those labouring of a Flux, yet they may die, though sometimes some escape. Yet it's thus to be distinguished, when the venomous quality is of most force, by which the matter from the beginning falleth down by a Flux of the belly, that's more secure; but when the disease ariseth for most part from putrefaction of the humours, it's worse, if the Flux come at first. The spots when they are many, great, of good colour, and break forth critically; they pronounce nature the Victor: but if few, less, and ill colour, and symptomatical, it signifies the disease prevails: Furthermore, if they return in after they appear, it's worst: for it shows the morbific matter to flow inwards. Exanthe mata appear in various parts, and are companions of great malignity, and therefore portend great danger. Carbuncles, and Buboes testify the same, when they are wont to accompany these Fevers, (whereof they are a peculiar character) for in them more die then escape. Anthrax, and Buboes, farthest from the heart, increase sooner, and come to maturation; these are less dangerous: yet if the humours increase suddenly with cruel symptoms, it's ill. Very great Carbuncles of a naughty colour, with eating Ulcers, or which are changed into a Gangrene, are deadly: as also those near the heart, or pass nigh the throat: This is certain, many Carbuncles are more dangerous than few, contrary, the more Buboes the more secure than few. Parotis in malign and spotted Fevers, in the increase or state is deadly; but if they appear little at the declining of the disease, and come to suppuration, they are safe.  
Cure Cure. Respects preservation, cure, and removing of Symptoms. Preservation of those on whom it is not yet broke forth, consists, especially in removing the causes, which fit the body to receive the Fever: and those things that produce it, which are either internal, or external: the first are Plethona, Cacochymia, and obstruct. the second, are especially naughty air, and wandering Contagion; those that dispose the body to the disease, are either by nature, or accident above measure, moist, weak, lose, fine, dense and compact bodies. More moist is to be dried, and those more dry are to be kept so, therefore the more moist are to shun a full diet, and large drinking, and all moist aliments, as fruits, fishes, south-wind, and fogs, especially in the night: idleness, long sleeps, especially at noon; baths, and all other things which humect the body. The weak body is to be restored with an analeptick, and strengthening medicaments: the fine and lose require the same with the moist; but the dense and compact, because they are disposed most of all to receive a pestilent Fever, they are to be freed with more diligence from Plethora, Cacochymia, and obstructions, which causes, when they produce these Fevers in all bodies, as the first causes, they are perpetually to be removed. Plethora calls for cutting a vein, if nothing hinder. As the time of the year, being too hot, or cold, or the state of the air pestilent, then it's to be forborn, unless fullness ad vasa urgeth much, or accustomed evacuations of blood, as Haemorrhoid. Menses, Haemorrhag be suppressed, for blood being drawn, the pestilent air is more easily received, and oppressing the actions, makes the disease more hardly to be conquered: even as in those, which after drinking of poison, make it. more easily penetrable, and more hardly cured. Cacochymia requires purging, proper to the humour offending, fit Preparatives premised, (if necessary,) provided they be benign, mixing with them some things of a Bezoartick quality. Obstructions being caused from a multitude of cross, and tough humours; the multitude is to be evacuated, crass attenuated, and tough cleansed. 1. By reason of external causes, prevention is to be appointed: as first, the excess of the air is to be corrected, i. e. the hotter to be cooled, the more humid to be dried with fires, both in public ways, and private houses, as much as may be. The fires are to be made of juniper, bays, nosemary, and the like. Secondly, all causes are to be removed which may infect the air. Thirdly, if it be infected, it's to be dissipated, which is done by fires, fumes, and shooting great guns, most effectual, but if it be endued with a very pernicious quality it's best to remove, and those that are constrained to stay, are to use frequently Antidotes, and those no less quantity than are prescribed to cure. The Cure is to be taken from the putrefaction, and the malign quality; the Fever is to be opposed with cooling, and humecting, the putrefaction with evacuations, and alterings, and the malign quality with Alexipharmacons. Here blood is first to be drawn, a glister premised, for that's most fit, because of the greatness of the disease, the hot distemper, and putrefaction, but if the fault lie in the quality of the blood, it's to be taken away with the greatest prudence; for bleeding then may rather hurt than do good, the vital faculty being thereby rather debilitated, and death hastened; therefore if the malign quality be more than the putrefaction, which may be known as before, lesser quantity is to be drawn; if the putrefaction infect more, then more plenty may be taken; and so more especially, if malign Fevers arise ex morboso apparatu, and putrid humours kept within the veins, and then bleeding may be reiterated twice or thrice, until the heap of vicious humours contained in the veins, be exonerated, which humours rise in these Fevers, but bleeding is to be maturely appointed in the beginning of the disease; for it's ill in the progress, the malignity then having diffused itself into the whole mass of blood, and so it doth not only not help, but also exceedingly debilitates nature, so that many think it not good, the fourth day being past, especially when they begin to be common, or cruel, then it's diligently to be observed, who of the sick, gain benefit by bleeding; for in some kind of Synochus, in which putrefaction is intense, and malignity remiss, bleeding diminisheth it: but in others, the nature whereof consists almost altogether in malignity, bleeding is more pernicious. This appears in a true plague, in which many and most approved have had experience of, that all the sick who have had a vein opened, have died. So also in pestilential Pleurisies it doth more hurt than good making the disease only more cruel; yea, and in other epidemical diseases, endued with less malignity, yet in which the malignity was almost altogether in vitio, the same event hath happened; as in that epidemical Catarrh, which wandered through Europe, in Anno 1580. in which scarce one of a thousand, troubled with it died: yet almost all who were let blood perished; and that's diligently to be observed, that in the Cure of Carbuncles, bleeding is to be used to fainting, that so the boiling blood, which is the cause of the Carbuncle, may be drawn forth more abundantly. But this is only in a simple Carbuncle without malignity; in the other it's not safe: it's controverted, whether a vein is to be opened, when exanthematas, or spots appear. For answer, some think it a heinous fault to draw blood then, in that the humours are carried at that time, from the Centre to the Circumference, which motion is altogether to be helped, but by the opening a vein, it's altogether hindered, and the blood drawn from the Circumference to the Centre, for emptiness being made in the inward part, the blood contained in the external parts, doth run into the internal. But notwithstanding this, with the more sound Physicians this is not regarded, but bleeding is prescribed, if the spots appear in the beginning of the disease, and in those days, in which venae sectio ought to be performed, in case sufficient hath not been drawn before: it must be drawn moderately, lest it procure danger. For those that break forth in the beginning, are not critical, but symptomatical, arising from a notable ebullition, and heat of blood, and malign humours putrified, and therefore cannot hinder natures, motion, which is none at that time: nay, if they appear in plethoric bodies, having red, and thick Urine, if a vein be not cut, nature not being able to overcome so great a quantity of humours, oft procures great hurt by their sudden rushings into some internal part, and there causing a dangerous inflammation. Yet this is cautiously to be performed, lest the veins being emptied too much, a retraction of the humours may succeed, from the external to the internal parts, therefore only the great plenitude thereof is to be removed. And thus the expulsive motion of nature, is helped to the superficies of the body, as hath oft been observed in these, where ven. sect. hath been warily performed, within few hours after a safe Critical sweat hath followed: and in this account, although nature might be judged sufficient to overcome its enemy: yet it's not to be neglected, for by this means the Conquest may be more sure and speedy. Yet note, that after bleeding, many Cups are to be applied, that so the motion of the humour may be expedited to the external parts. How and where they are to be applied, will hereafter be discovered, that you may securely perform what is pressed. Observe, that those spots, or exanthematas are symptomatical, which appear in the beginning of the disease, and before the fourth day; and then the sick is so far from being eased, that grievous symptoms trouble. Here bleeding is not to be neglected; but those are Critical, which break forth after the fourth day, in abundance, upon which the sick finds ease, and symptoms remit. Here abstain, and fix to many Cups with scarification, which is excellent. What hath been said is to be understood of opening a vein in the arm. The cutting of the lower veins in some cases is very advantageous, viz. 1. Where there's great debility, and so a vein opened in the arm cannot be borne. 2. In women, where it's most proper and profitable, by reason of the excretion of nature, yea, especially in the absence of the menses, because then the blood abounds in the veins near the womb. Thirdly, when there's feared a translation of the humours to the brain, which oft happens in this Fever procuring a frenzy, which is discovered by a white thin, colourlesse Urinal. This hath been observed in pestilent times, after the drawing of two pound of blood, from the inferior veins, many have been cured. Of the like efficacy is the opening of the Haemorrhoids, by leeches, especially in those that are melancholic. After bleeding, revulsion is to be made with Cups, without scarifications, if simple revulsion be only required, but with scarif. if blood abound, and cannot safely be lessened otherwise. These first diminish strength little; And secondly draw malignity from within outwards; they are to be applied, first to the thighs and hips, that portion of the malignity may be drawn to the remote parts, but being this is not sufficient to draw the venomous humours and vapours, from the parts near, they are to be applied to the scapulas and back, yet not here neither in the beginning of the disease, nor if there be fullness of the body, unless universal evacuations have been sufficiently used. As in Pleurisies, if in the beginning Cups be applied to the pained part, it increaseth the fluxion the more, but if after much bleeding it only draws what's there fixed, and hence the disease is dissolved; yet it's more dangerous in this affect, being so near the heart, if they be applied to the arm pits, and groins, they draw the ill juice to the ignoble parts Amongst revellers are frictions of the extreme parts with rough clothes oft repeated. But that is best which is made on the whole body with this Linim. ℞ ol. Amygd d. & aq. fontan. an, ℥ iij. sal. nitriʒ ij. bull. ad aq. consumpt. & manibus hoc oleo inunctis perfricetur calide totum corpus manè & serò. This opens the pores of the skin, by which the venomous vapours are vented. Vesicatories are fitly applied to various parts, which powerfully draw and revel the venomous Ichor. They are commonly applied to the neck, and so they draw from the head, by which sleepy affects are prevented, which oft falls out in these Fevers. But if the malignity of the matter be great, possessing the whole body, producing cruel symptoms, apply at once to several places, as to the inside of the arms, betwixt the armpits and elbows, to the inside of the thighs betwixt the groin and knee. By these the malign matter is drawn forth. But lest they should procure suppression of Urinal, use an Emulsion to temperate the heat, and sharpness of the Urinal. With the vesicatory plasters may be mixed sem. Ameos' powdered. A Cataplasm of radishes, powerfully revels the malign matter, it's used in slices with salt and vinegar: Or, ℞ rasur. raphan. & brion. utriusque an. ℥ ij. sem. nasturtii. ℥ j gran. parad. ℥ s. sal. marin. ʒ iij. mixta irro rentur aceto fortissimo & excipiantur q. s. sap●n. liquid. f. veluti. Cataplas applica plantis pedum è stupis pexis ca lied hora somni. These revellers usually, are to be used through the whole course of this disease. Purging is much controverted, whether it's to be used in the beginning of this disease? Some utterly reject it: First, because matter concoct, not crude is to be purged. Secondly, thereby the malign matter is too much stirred up, and more largely diffused, and so a pernicious flux oft procured. Others contend for it, that so some part of the abounding matter, in the first ways may be removed, lest it infect the rest of the mass of the humours; and so nature, though helped with Alexipharm. and strengtheners be foiled. But to reconcile, purging medicaments are to be waved, and those humours, lodged in the first ways, are to be drawn forth with glisters. But if it cannot thus be sufficiently performed, which especially happens, when all humours abound in the stomach, which is known by want of appetite, bitterness of the mouth, loathing, and vomiting, or when worms are present, then it's fit to use purgers, that so that matter in the veins may be the better conquered, being concocted. Hence observe, that it's necessary that the matter in the veins be concocted, before purged: but that in the first ways not. The Purgers used are to be gentle, as Cassia, Tamarind. Manna, Syr. ros. & de cichor. compos. And all others are to be neglected, unless senna, and rhabarb and those are to be used in small quantity mixed with the other, and that when Cacochymia abounds. Their form is set down in putrid Fevers; glisters are to be used, not only in the beginning, upon the former account, but also through the whole disease, if the belly flow not freely, and that every, or every other day. For thus first, the daily excrements are drawn forth, and certain portion of the diseased matter is brought away. Secondly, humours turning to the upper parts are called back to the contrary parts, which is most agreeable to nature. They are to be framed of mollifying, and cooling decoctions, adding gentle looseners, shunning diagrediats, which oft draw on a dangerous flux of the belly. Whilst the foresaid medicaments are in use, correct the feverish heat, putrefaction and malign quality with these following; First, altering juleps, set down in putrid Fevers, will be very fit, especially if of decoction made of the roots of Sorrel, Cichory, Grasse, bugloss, Sharp docks, and the leaves of Endive, Succory, Sorrel, Pimpinel, Maidenhair, and Tamarinds, to which may be added such as have a specific quality to oppose venomous humours, commonly called Alexiphar. as the roots of Cinqfoile, Tormentill, white Chameleon, the leaves of Scordium, Carduus bened, viper's grass, meadsweet, the flowers of Marigolds, Clovegilliflowers, pieces of Lemons, Pomegranates, Sorrel, and of the juice of Sorrel, and with these are oft to be mixed sharp medicines, as juice of Citrons, Lemons, Spir. vitrioli. or Sulphur, for they excellently resist putrefaction, and the venomous quality, so that some have been recovered, only by the use of Citrons, infused in ordinary drink, or juleps. The two foresaid spirits are gallant, for there's no putrefaction, whose strength they break not, nor infection which they overcome not, nor no ill humour which they amend not. To the said juleps may be added sal prunella, which powerfully cools, and extinguisheth the Feverish heat, and hath some force to procure sweat, upon which account it's very profitable in malign Fevers. In place of juleps, to those of dainty palates, use medicated broths, wherein is boiled the leaves of Borage, Sorrel, Pimpinel, and other herbs of a more grateful taste, with the pairings of Peare-mains, pulp of Citrons, the meat being a pullet to them. Sometimes add Sal Prunella, to cool the more Emulsions prepared of Almonds, and the four coldseeds, with the decoctions of the juleps is excellent, to which may be added the seeds of Citrons, Napi, and Carduus bened. which oppose the malign quality, as also the foresaid Syrups. Through the whole Cure use Alexipharmacons, not only in juleps, broths, and emulsions, but also in other forms. And because they are not to be used promiscuously, nor at any time of the disease, therefore they are divided into four Classes: the first containing those, which as by a specific quality resist venom, so being cold, dry, and a little astringent, resist putrefaction, strengthen the heart, and bridle the venenosity, lest it be too easily poured out into the whole body, and resists by a certain compressure, the dissolution of the parts. Such are bol. armen. terr. sig. coral. rad. pentaph. tormentil. The second, contains them, which by their coldness, and thin substance resist putrefaction, and bind up malignity; such are juice of Lemons, spir. vitriol. & sulphur. as also all sharp things. The third Classis contains those that are hot and diaphoretic, which expels venomous humours and vapours from the heart, or the Centre to the Circumference. Such are Angelica, zedoaria, dictamn. meadsweeet, scordium Card. bened. Scabious, Theriac. & Mithrid. & aq. Theriacal. The fourth contains those which are specific, without any excess in the first quality, these oppose the venomous quality; as lap. bezoar. c. c. & monocerot. troch. viperin. etc. The first, second and fourth Classes are more proper in the beginning and increase; the third in the declination, and these are to be varied, according to the several degrees of the malignity, and putrefaction, and intenseness, or remissness of the Fever, temperament of the sick, sex, age, and other circumstances, which wholly depends upon the judgement of the Physician; only observe, where the Fever vehemently burns, add here to cool and sharp things, shunning hot, and diaphoreticks, which yet are proper where the Fever is remiss, and malign quality intense Of these may be compounded various medicaments, of which this may be a pattern. ℞. rad. acetoes. buglos. torment. an. ℥ j fol. endiu. cichorii, acetoes. pimpinel. an. Mi, tamarind. ℥ j coq. in lb j aq in colatur dissolve. syr. de Limon & granata an. ℥ js. f. julep. pro tribus dosibus bis in die sumendis, addend. unicuique does. confec. de Hyacinth. ʒ 1. lap. bezoar gr. vi. This may serve in principio, if the Fever be very intense, and in a bilious body, add to every dose sal prunel. ʒ j vel spir. vitriol. aut sulphur. ad▪ moderatam aciditutem. In Fevers remiss, there may be added to the decoction, rad. carlinae, & pentaphyl. fol. scored. & scabiosae. ℞. amygd. dull. exortic. ʒ j sem melon. cucurbit, napi. & card. bened. an. ʒ ij. contund. in mortario marmor. sensim affundend, decocti julep. praedict. lb js. syr. limon. ℥ iij. sal. prunel. ʒ iij. f. Emuls. pro tribus dosibus bis aut ter in die sumendis. Through the whole cure use broth, in which is dissolved confect. de hyacinth. or ℞ Coral. praep. margarit. praep. rasur. Ehoris c. c. usti lap. bezoar. an. ℈ j f. pull. of which give 10 gra. in every mess of broth, where the malign quality is very strong, Alexipharm is to be given in all the broths, juleps, and ordinary drinks that are taken. Bezoar gra. vi. or seven. with meadsweet water, or of viper's grass. card. ben. etc. doth not only oppose the malign quality, but causeth sweat; but being that which is true, is hard to come by, contraherva is rather to be confided in, performing the said intentions surely and speedily, the root itself given in a fit vehicle, to ʒ j is good. ℞. sacc. cand. ʒ iij. zinzib. ʒ ij. camphor. ʒ j fiat. pull. does. 〈◊〉. If there be great pain in the head, or stomach, this is warily to be used, because of the Camphire. ℞ bezoar. mineral. ʒ iij. sal. prunel. ʒ ij. Camphor. ʒ j mis. does. ʒ j in aq. card. bened. or ℞ smaragd, p. p. lap. bezoar. an. gr. vj. hyacinth. p. p. gr. iij. mis. f. pull. pro una does. This is excellent, and given in Marmalade, hath cured desperate fluxes, does. gr. xij. Troch. viper in. cum aq. Cordial. vel julep. is admirable. The third Classis of Alexipharm. are only to be exhibited in the state and declination, which is to be understood of simple malign Fevers, and spotted. For in the true plague, they may be used from the beginning, that so the venomous quality, ready suddenly to strangle the Patient, may be powerfully opposed, and the malign vapours discussed; yea, they may also be given in simple malign Fevers, if the malign quality abound more than the putrefaction from the beginning, but in smaller doses, especially those less hot, or mixed w●●● cooling medicaments. Of these sweeting medicaments there are several degrees; for some are more hot, as angelic. zedoar. dictam. theriac. mithrid. & aq. theriacal. These are to be given, when the Fever is remiss, and malignity more intense. Others are less hot, as Card. bened, scabios. scordi. meadsweet; these give when the Fever is strong, and the malignity is remiss. Take the waters of meadsweet, and carduus bened of each two ounces. juice of Lemons one ounce, old treacle a dram or two scruples, (as heat is more or less feared) mix them, and make a potion, giving it warm, and cover the body little more than ordinary, this is excellent. If the Symptoms be great and vehement, theriac. rec. is more fit, the opium therein temperating the fierceness of the Symptoms, and hinders the boiling of the humours. Sometimes, when theriac. is not fit, (as in the beginning, and increase) lauda. opiate. may be profitably given, being mixed with Alexipharm. for it's narcotick quality, doth not only congeal the hot spirits which vehemently infest the heart, but also stay the morbific matter, (whilst its in a most pernicious flux) so that it remains almost . Aq. theriac. is to be preferred before theriac. itself, for it being thin and spirituous, sooner and more easily enters and diffuseth itself over the whole body, moving sweat; that of Bauderonus is accounted most excellent, does. ab. ℥ s. add ℥ j exhibited in sudorific waters or decoctions. Some are framed more hot of white-wine, or spirit of wine, which are to be given in lesser quantity. These are more penetrative, provoking sweat more abundantly, and have place especially in the plague; as ℞ rad. angelic. carlinae gentian. tormentil. zedoar. c. c. an. ℥ j trium santalor. an. ℥ s. theriac. ℥ iij. camphor. ℈ j contundantur omnia, & infundantur in vini alb. lb ij, in loco calid. per triduum, deinde distil. in B. M. & aq. servetur ad usum, does. abʒ ij. ad ℥ s. In cooling juleps adding spir. vitriol. ℞ spir. vini oped. rectific. lb js. theriac. veter. ℥ viij. myrrh. electae. ℥ iiij. croc. orient. ℥ j camphor. ℥ s. infund. per 24. hor. in B. M. postea distil. in eodem bal. & eliciatur aq. summè efficax. The Chemists have their Bezoardickes. In the Cure of these Fevers observe; first, that you oft change the alexipharm. lest nature being too much accustomed to one, it prove fruitless; besides venenosity is not always the same. Secondly, mithrid. and theriac. and those strong are not to be given to women with child, and children. Thirdly, In sweeting abstain from sleep, and in sweat give juice of Citrons, and aq. card. whilst these are in use, if you would have the venenosity more drawn forth to the superficies of the body, apply external medicaments, as cups with and without Scarif. oft and many also vesicatories which are most fit in the state; at which time Sudorificks are to be used. Also ol. scorpion. Mathioli, which is admirable; anointing therewith hot the Emunctories, as the groynes, armpits, etc. as also the pulses of the temples and wrists, with the hands and feet, three or four times a day, or every third hour; in want of this, prepare a linim. of Theriac. dissolved in the juice of Lemons, adding a little Saffron & Camphire; by these the strength of the malignity, that resides in the centre, is called to the externals. If the malignity seem to over-match nature, then assist her with strong sudorificks, giving them in greater quantity then ordinary, as aq. Theriac. vel bezoard. to which add camphire, and outwardly at the same time, the following fomentation is to; used be ℞. rad. Angelic. & gentian. an. ℥ ij. fol. meliss. origan. scordii, an. Miij. sem. card. bened. ℥ j flor. cham. verbasc. melilot. Hyper. centaur. minor staechad. Anthos. & calendul. an. p. ij, fiat decoct. adden. sub finem parùm vini alb▪ quo foveantur pedes inguina, axillae, & latera calide cum spongiis. This method calls forth malign vapours, and hath cured many. If dryness of the tongue, thirst and other symptoms prevaile● the fomentation is not to be used; but instead thereof, Hens divided in the middle, or the lungs, or cauls of Sheep new killed, is, to be applied to the belly. Strength being much weakened by the venomous quality, is to be supported through the whole cure, with convenient broths made of Capons, or the liquor thereof distilled, per descensum in B. M. to which may be added sometimes, confect. de Hyacinth. which doth not only relieve the remaining strength, but opposeth malignity. In the said broths, jelly of Hartshorn, is good, but Alkermes is most excellent, which strengtheneth much; yet increaseth not the feverish heat. Wine discreetly exhibited, is good and cordial; and to smell to bread macerated therein, is excellent, having added thereto Rose-water. The foresaid confect. Alkerm. may be mixed with potions in great weakness, as this which is excellent. ℞. aq. naphae, & rosar. an. ℥ js. confect. Alker. ʒj. sir de pomis. ℥ j succ. lemon. ʒiij. f. pot. If the Fever be not very intense, add aq. Cinam. ʒij. vel. iij. and sometimes Ambra-griefe to gr. 5. vel. 6. Yea, in case the patiented be in danger of death, strengtheners that are hot, are not to be feared, being they may be temperated by mixing therewith shall prunel. spir. vitriol. etc. this course may also be observed, when Alexiphar. Sudorificks, and others are exhibited, or outwardly applied. Epithemes by some are rejected, because usually framed of those things which cool and repel, and so drive back to the heart; but this may be helped by forming them of cordial waters and diaphoreticks, as ℞. aq. scabios. card. bened. an. ℥ iiij. aq. naphae ℥ ij. confect. Alkerm. ʒij. diamarg. frigid. ʒj. croc. & camphir. an. gr. vi. f. Epithem. applic. region. cordis tepide frequenter, ℞. confect. Alker. ℥ s. spec. Triasantal. & diamargar. frigid. an. ʒjs. aq. naphae parùm, fiat lineament. apply it to the said part after the use of the Epitheme. The malign quality being thus foiled, and the Fever growing remiss, the disease inclining to declination, and manifest signs of concoction appearing, purging is to be appointed according to the strength of the sick, as ℞. sen. Alexand. ℥ s. sem. anisi. ʒj. fol. scabios, scored. an. Ms. liquiritiaeʒiij. coq. in aq. ad. ℥ iij. in colatu dissol. rhei in aq. bugloss. cum santal. citrin. infus. ℈ iiij. Mannae elect. & syr. ros. an. ℥ j f. pot. Here purging, if necessary, is to be reiterated twice or thrice, intermitting a day or two, that so the matter may be thoroughly eradicated, otherwise the sick may be either in danger of recidivation, or else will be longer in healing: For although nature may be strong enough of itself to cast out the diseased matter, yet not of a long time The diet in this Fever is to be like that in continual Fevers, only these things are to be observed. First, sharp things in broths and drinks are oft to be used, for so they will be more fit to oppose putrefaction, and the malign quality. Secondly, the use of Wine in this Fever, may sometimes be profitable, being very cordial, and an enemy to malignity; being given to those whose feverish distemper is remiss, the venomous quality much, and the Patient being of a phlegmatic constitution, yet it's to be much diluted; but contrary, if the Fever be great, and the body be choleric; ' its very pernicious, especially in spotted Fevers. Thirdly, Wine is never to be given in the first days of the disease, lest the crude matter be moved too much; but only in the state when the signs of malignity appear. Zacutus gave it in great thirst, with dryness and blackness of the tongue with happy success, and by it cured. Hence the sentence of Celsus is not strange, Saepe. quos ratio non restituit,, temeritus adjuvat. Often that which reason restores not, rashness helps. That the cure may be complete, somewhat is to be said of the symptoms; As first pain of the head, watching, and delirium, which are to be encountered with all sorts of revellers, as opening the inferior veins hemorrhoids, casting in Emollient glisters, friction of the lower parts; cups applied, first to the hips, and after to the back and scapulas, both with, and without scarification; also vesicatories, if the delirium be from a bilious cause, are to be applied to the arms and thighs; but if therewith be joined stupor and sleepiness, also apply them to the neck. After these to the forehead apply oxyrrhod; only observe, they are not so fit in malign, as in simple putrid Fevers; because the difflation of venomous vapours, ought rather by all means to be procured, then retained. Therefore, first, use more gentle repellers, and if symptoms be more violent, use stronger, but not long. The more gentle are flor. nymphae. violar. rosar. sem. frigid. Major. & gran. Kermes, or ℞. ungu. popul. ℥ j conser. violar. & rosar. an. ℥ s. ol. viol. & ros. an. ℥ iij. acet. ros. ʒij. Misce omnia, excipiantur stupis pexis, & duobus linteis inclusa fronti applicentur. Emulsions of the cold feeds are to be used, which sends cold and benign vapours to the brain, and so case the said symptoms; which if they suffice not, narcoticks are to be used in small doses, as syr. papav. ℥ s. or in great necessity, lund. opiate. cum conser. rosar. gr. ij. or dissolved in some julep, or else in place of these, Theriac. recens, these admirably hinder the malign sharp vapours sent to the brain, only use them seldom, lest they concentre the venom. After the use of repellers one or two days, come to derivers as vesicatories to the neck, the opening of the frontal veins, from which draw to v. or vi. ounces of blood which happily succeed, the arm vein having been first opened, and sufficient blood drawn. Leeches applied behind the ears is good, although not so efficacious as the former. Towards the state and declination of the frenzy, resolver's are to be used, especially Animals or their parts, as the lungs of sheep, which is more profitable than young Pigeons, or Whelps, in that they encompass the whole head, and so partly resolve the hurtful humour contained in the brain; and partly concoct and maturate it, that so after nature doth more easily expel them. They are by some ill applied in the beginning of the frenzy, because they increase heat, and move fluxion to the brain, and so increase the delirium. As for the inflammation, dryness and heat of the Tongue, what hath been set down in putrid Fevers may serve, especially that framed of the water, or juice of sempervivi and sal. prunel. or this experimented. ℞. butyr. rec. in aq. ros. lot. ℥ j sal. prunel. an. ʒ s. Misce, keep it in cold water, and give of it oft in a day the quantity of a pease or bean, and hold it long on the tongue. It's a sign the cure succeeds well, if that suliginous blackness falls, and the roughness of the tongue gins to moisten, and the furrednesse comes away, leaving excoriations; so that the sick in excreting, cast it off the roof and palate. At that time those parts are so sensible, that they cannot endure the use of sharp things, & are subject to inflammation, for which use this, ℞ S●m. psyll. & Cydonior. an. ʒj s. gum. tragac. ʒj. cum aq ros. q s. ex tract. mucilag. satis liquida cui add. syr. viol. parvam quantitatem, fiat instar gelatini, quo utatur frequenter ex cochloari, diuque in ore contineat. Hot milk gargarised, easeth pain, temperateth inflammation, humects the tongue and roof of the mouth, and draws away the venom; the following is also good, ℞. Sem cucumber. mundat. & contus. ℥ j gum. tragacan. subtilis. pulv. ℥ s. alb. ovo. q. s. form. pill. quas teneat in over frequenter, or ℞. Cucurbit. & melon. mund. & contus. sem. papav. albi, an.ʒj. liquiritiae, & Tragacanth. an. ʒj s. contund. & pull. & cum mucilag. cydon. extract. cum aq. ros. f. pill. in o'er detinenda. But because the foresaid effects of the Tongue proceed from inward heat, to extinguish it, cooling juleps are oft to be used, to which add sal prunellae, & spir. vitriol. which may also be mixed with ordinary drink. For vehement thirst, want of appetite, loathing, hichough and vomiting, you may find sufficient in the place forecited, only in thirst be sure with your juleps you use sal. prunellae & spir. vitriol. and for vomitings, which are frequent in this Fever, & vex so sore, that it casts up all taken; yea, thin juleps; it's certainly cured with one dram of the salt of Wormwood given in a spoonful of the juice of Lemons.  
The Flux of the belly in this disease is most frequent, and therefore requires the greater care and prudence: For if it be preposterously stayed, the venomous matter will be kept within, and endanger much; if not stayed, it dejects the strength, and oft procures death, therefore use this method. If it be moderate and dejects strength not much, it's not to be stayed, but only allayed with gentle glisters; but if contrary, it's to be stayed with Theriac. rec., or laud. opiate. à gr. ij. ad. gr. iij. This hath oft been observed, that pernicious fluxes tending to death, have been stayed in a moment by giving powerful diaphoreticks in great quantity.  
Worm's oft infest this disease, being begot from great putrefaction of the humours; to rid these, sweet glisters are to be used, and exhibiting potions framed of the decoction of scordium, which hath force both against them and the venenosity; if with it be boiled Purslain and Sorrel, it temperateth its heat. Cor. Cer. usti. vel rasur. ʒj. is good, although a Flux of the belly be present. When the malignity and venomous quality abound, there happens Parotes', Buboes and Carbuncles. For Parotis when they begin to appear, and notably increase, apply drawers, and exhibit Alexipharm. diaphoreticks, which help nature to expel the diseased matter; to the part apply ungu. Dialthaea upon wool, this loosens the part. Make attraction by applying Pigeons and Whelps, which also ease pain; to draw more strongly, make a plaster, ex fermento, caricis, caepis, columbin. stercor. add. butyr. pingued. galin. axungia suilla, rec. ol. lilior. vel Amygd d. If by these attractors the part be made more hot, and the pain greater, intermit them by times, applying a Cataplasm of white bread, lan. succid. vel ungu. dialthaea. If the part be not capacious enough to receive the diseased matter, as it seldom is, then derive part of it by applying vesicatories to the neck, oft exhibiting diaphoreticks. The matter being called to the external parts, is to be suppurated by applying a Cataplasm of the roots of French Mallows, Lilies, Figs, Linseed, axungia & ol. praedict. composit. The tumour being suppurated, is to be opened, and the residue of the matter is to be concocted by continuing the foresaid Cataplasm, or Emplast. crocatum, vel diachyl. cum gum. the Ulcer is to be cleansed with Turpentine, Yolks of Eggs, and Oil of Roses; keeping it long open with Tents, that so the venom may be sufficiently purged, and after this cicatrise. This is to be observed, if the Tumour so increase, that there is great danger of suffocating, it's to be opened before perfect maturation; for so some part of the matter is discharged, the tumour lessened, and that danger escaped also; if malignity so abound, that it overcomes nature; the tumour is to be opened, yea, before maturation; for so the venom, expiring oft health follows: Upon the same account buboes are so to be dealt with, and cured as the former; these, if great and eminent, if they break forth presently at the beginning, and in the groynes, are more secure; but if livid and black, if they lie in the skin, if they be about the neck, or under the armpits, breaking forth the 3d. or fourth day more dangerous. But most dangerous when by reason of strength foiled they return in. To these apply the cups as also to the former, every sixth hour for twice or thrice; after apply a Catapl. ex rad. raphan. & scorphul. Major. cum pauco sales & aceto, and after follow the course in parotis, and Parotis following a malign Fever the ninth or tenth day, for most part procuring death, was cured with bleeding by repetition, beginning with ℥ ij. or iij. and four hours after drawing, ℥ vj. and after both purging; all to whom this method was used were cured, This is to be noted; oft Parotes' are critical, and profitably appear, and by them the sick is delivered from death; i. e. when they happen in declinatio, and at their appearing symptoms remit, being in fevers less malign; but if they be symptomatical, and fall out in statu, they are mortal, and to these the foresaid medicines are to be used. In Carbuncles following malign Fevers; if before their appearing sufficient blood hath not been drawn, or if the sick then can bear it, open the veins nearest the Carbuncle, that so there may be made the greater attraction to the part affected, after scarifying the Tumour round about, deep foment it with salt water, hot; that so the concretion of the blood may be hindered, and be made more apt to flow; then presently apply upon the midst of the pustle a grain of Caustick, and to the whole tumour this Cataplasm. ℞. fol. rutae, & scabios. contus. an. Mj. ficuum siccar. contus. par. iij. fermenti acris ℥ j piper. pull. ʒj. vitel. ovor. Nti. Misc. f. Catapl. Let it be applied for two days, after apply this ℞. succour symphyti major. scabios. calendul. an.ʒj. Theriac. veter. ℈ iiij. sal. ʒj. vitel. ovor. niis, Misce, after the tumour is come to the increase, lest the malign matter flow to the inward parts again, anoint about it twice aday cum ungu. boli. but upon the escar. that the fall thereof may be procured, apply ungu. Basilic. cum Butyr. aut axung. suil. permixta, after it's fallen, cleanse the Ulcer with this, ℞ succour. calendulae, absinth. scabios. & apii, an. ℥ j Myrrh. elect. rad. irios Florent. aloes, sarcocol. anʒj. Mel. ros. ℥ ij. f. ungu. continue this to the end of the Cure.  

RICKETS.  
THis disease is, as new; so, as peculiar to children; it hath received several names, as Paedesplanch nosteocaces, this I saw in Print, in a Thesis long before the Doctors Tract on the subject; others Cachexia, Scorbutica, and the Doctors; the Rachitis, nearly bordering on the vulgar name Rickets, and signifying the spinal disease, the spin being the first and principal, amongst the parts affected in this evil. Signs are either such as discover the affect present, or such as show the difference of the disease, or those that presage its event. The Diagnosticks are these, looseness, and softness of the parts first affected; the skin soft and smooth, to touch the musculous flesh, less rigid and firm; the joints easily flexible, unable to sustain the body; debility, weakness, and enervation of parts subservient to motion; this depends on the former, and is from the beginning of the disease; so that if it infect in the first year, or thereabout; they take to their feet later, and oft speak, before they walk, accounted a sa● Omen. If the disease afflict after they begin to go; then by degrees they stand, more and more feeble, often staggering as they go; and stumble on every slight occasion: neither can they stand long without sitting, or play with usual cheerfulness, till they have rested. After a vehement increase of the disease, they wholly lose the use of their feet; yea, they scarcely can sit, in an e●ect posture; and their neck is so weak, that it can hardly, or not at all sustain the head. Slothfulness and Numbness, doth invade the joints presently after the beginning of the disease, and daily by degrees, increasing makes them more averse from motion; those so young, as they are carried in nurse's arms, when played with, laugh not so hearty, nor are so game some; and if angered they sprunt not so fiercely, nor cry so hearty. If such as can go, they are soon weary; love to play rather sitting then standing: and when they sit, they bend sometimes forward, backward, or on either side, seeking some, props to lean upon; to gratify their slothfulness, they love not violent motion, they are moderate in sleeping, and waking, unless some other disease intervene, for the most part ingenious, and for the most part of forward wits, their countenances being much more composed and severe than their age requireth; where those are present together, they certainly witness the presence of the disease. Observe, although these may appear in other diseases, yet than they come more suddenly, and as soon vanish; here contrary: these relate to the Animal actions. Those belonging to the disproportioned nourishment of the parts follow, as an unusual bigness of the head, with a fuller and livelier complexion of the face, than other parts of the body; and this is more or less, from the beginning to the ending; unless the leanness of those parts come upon some other cause. The fleshly parts below the head, especially those full of muscles; in the progress of the disease, are daily more and more worn away, made thin and lean. Swell and knotty excrescentes about some of the joints, especially conspicuous in the wrists, less in the Ankles; as also on the ribs, where they are conjoined with gristles in the breast, these appear early. The bones wax crooked, especially those in the leg, first the lesser, than the greater; also those below the elbow, sometimes the thighs, and shoulders; sometimes the bones shorten, growing in thickness more than length; hence children long afflicted with the disease, grow dwarves. The bones of the forehead stick out, the teeth come forth, both slowly, and with trouble; grow lose on every slight occasion, sometimes wax black, and fall out by pieces; in their stead new ones come again, though late, & with much pain; in the higher progrese of the disease, the breast becomes narrow, like a capons, this last belongs to the signs belonging to respiration: as also a swelling of the belly, and an extension of the Hypochondriacal parts, although outwardly they appear extenuated. Cough, difficulty of breathing, with other faults of the lungs. They are averse from lying on either side. Those that belong to the vital influx are, the veins and arteries, are more slender than ordinary, in the first affected part; the pulse small and weak, a moderate ligature cast about the elbow, or knee, doth not so soon swell and colour the part beneath and above it with blood, as in sound children of the same age; their appetite is moderate, or unduly weak. I have known it very much, yet no Fever present; they are usually averse to sweet things, they sometimes weigh heavier than other children of the same age and stature. The next are signs of the differences of the Rickets. The differences are taken, 1. from the essence of the disease, 2. causes, and 3. conjoined diseases. These receive subdivisions. Under the first, is the secondary essence; the magnitude and vehemency of the disease, with the spirits and times; the magnitude is the mildness or fierceness of it. Under the vehemency is the slowness, and quickness of its motion. For the times they are generally four: beginning, increase, state, and declination; in all which consider, first, the beginning is when it appears to our understanding. Secondly, the increase and declination in long diseases, may be subdivided, as the increase may extend beyond the consistence; if the progress be to death; and the declination is either legitimate, i. e. when the sickness declines to health, or spurious, i. e. when the disease remitting falls into another kind. The last are taken from the spirits or strength of the child; for if the disease fall in upon a child less strong, it must needs be more dangerous, then if on one strong. The differences as to the causes are various; as either it's a natural affect, or newly contracted. The first is twofold, viz. either properly, i. e. when the sick is born actually affected with the disease, or improperly, i. e. when he is strongly disposed by his native principles to fall into it; this difference is of more use to prevent, then to cure. The disease may be said to be newly contracted, when not fomented by a natural disposition; and this is also twofold, either succeeding some foregoing disease, or it's immediately produced by an erroneous use of the six non-naturals. The difference by reason of other diseases conjoined; those most usually are, Dropsy of the head, faults of breeding teeth; Asthma, Physic, Hectic, a slow and erratic Fever, and the Ascites, i. e. that Dropsy, when water is got betwixt the flesh and skin; these have a certain dependence upon this disease, and the causes of it; those that have little, or none at all, are a Malign Fever, French Pox, Scurvy, and struma●s. The first sort of diseases may happen to children, although the Rickets have not preceded; yea, they may be the cause to introduce it; to deliver in signs answerable to these differences, would be needless; those belonging to the three first may be seen in the diagnosticks, the fourth in the prognostics; Indeed those that belong to the times, may be a little more considered, especially those that pertain to the beginning, that so its first rise may be known; those that discover it new begun, are those signs that are ascribed to the Animal action. Also those that next adjoin, as the knots of the wrists, greatness of the belly, etc. and these taken together, do certainly discover the presence of the disease, from the beginning. These signs more intense with the extenuation of the parts, denote the increase. In the state they are more outrageous, etc. as for those signs appertaining to the causes; if it be a natural disease, improperly so called, there's a weak and sickly constitution, 2. diseases of one or both Parents, as cold and moist distemper, ill habit, cachexy, dropsy, atrophy, etc. 2. slothfulness, effeminacy, idle life of the Parents. 3. Errors of the mother during her being with child. 4. Debility of the newborn infant, if it be not from hard labour, with many others. For signs of the disease newly and totally contracted after birth, they are contrary to these; as for the signs belonging to the several conjoined diseases, they may be seen in their several cures elsewhere handled. The essences of the disease consist in a cold and moist distemper, want of inherent spirits, their astonishment, the softness, looseness, etc. of the Tone of the parts, the unequal distribution of the vital spirits unequal nutrition of the parts, and imperfect distribution of the animal spirits, these are essentials.  
Causes Causes. are either such as on the Parent's part may produce it, or those which happen to children after birth. The causes on the parents' parts, are either such as relate to the generation of the seed whereof the Embryo consisteth. Others have reference to the Embryo now conceived, and yet in the womb. The faults of the generation of the seed, proceed either from the man, or woman, or from the whole body, or parts only dedicated to generation. That which depends on the whole body, hath the strongest influence into the child. The fault of the seed is from a cold and moist distemper of the matter whereof the seed is generated, which falls out in parents of a cold and moist constitution, occasioned from ill juice, a cachexia, dropsey, green sickness, unsubdued before conception; as also such effects, as pollute the blood, as scurvy, French-pox and jaundice. 2. The penury of natural spirits occasioned by extenuation of the bodies, from vehement evacuations, chronical diseases, wasting the strength, not repaired before coition; imperfect concoction of the last aliment, etc. 3. The stupour of the matter, transmitted to the parts of generation; as in soft, and effeminate constitutions; over-moist and full diet, delicacy of life, immoderate sleeping, etc. 4. Such parents as were subject to it themselves in childhood. These are faults depending from the whole body. Those that peculiarly reside in the Genital parts, are their to much coldness, sometimes moistness; whence they cast forth, either an unfruitful seed, or propensity too this disease, as is in those troubled with a waterish gonnorrhea, red, and white fluxes in women; the application of too cold medicines as Narcoticks; especially if oft used. Thus much for the principal causes before conception. Now for the faults of the mother while the Embryo is in the womb. As, 1. A cold and moist distemper of the womb. 2. All those things which hasten crude, and impure juices to the Embryo; as naughty diet, which heap up crudities; imperfection of the first and second concoction; moist and cold-diseases. 3. All those ways which defraud the Embryo of due aliment, as excessive evacuations, especially of blood; sucking children too long after conception. 4. Excessive sleepiness of women with Child, slothfulness, ease, vehement labour. Hence note, moderate labour, watching, and exercise, which offer no violence to the womb, are good. Thus much of the causes before birth. Now of those incident to children after birth, which are, 1. Errors in the use of the six non naturals. 2. Preceding diseases. For the first, considering children are seldom given to vehement passions of the mind, and are unfit for venery, the five other shall only be touched. The first is air, which procures this affect; if too cold and moist, which usually is most frequent in the beginning of the spring. Be then cautious. As also when the air is cloudy, thick, rainy and full of vapourous exhalations; therefore places near the Sea, great marshes, houses near the banks, of great Rivers, Ponds, Meeres, are condemned. Also too frequent bathe in sweet waters; cold and moist linen, soft linen not well dried. Use rather course , and woolly cover, each of which by rubbing and tickling the parts, excites, and augments the inward heat, and irritates a more copious afflux of vital blood to the habit of the body. Secondly, if infected with metalline exhalations, as lead, antimony, quicksilver, etc. as also ointments made of them, used. Hence children anointed with mercurial ointments for the scabs, have after fallen into this disease. Thirdly, a vehement, and subtle air; for it extremely attenuates, and dissolves the inherent spirits. Also hot ointments; hot, sharp, saltish baths. Fourthly, air filled with narcotick vapours; also medicines of the same quality, as Hemlock, nightshade, etc. these procure a benumb'dnesse to the first affected parts, and dull and diminish the vital influx of those parts. The second is Meat and drink. As 1. All aliments, too moist, and cold, as fish and crude meats; too plentiful diet, cold and moist medicines also taken inwardly. 2. Such aliments, as are too thick, tough, and obstructive, as hung beef, salt fish, bread new drawn, almost all sweet things. 3. Such as are of an extreme hot, and biting quality, sharp, and corrosive; as old and strong wines, pepper, spice, and immoderate hot medicines. Thirdly, Motion, rest, exercise and actions, (i. e. if they exceed a mean) defect in motion, and want of exercise, doth most effectually procure the disease; for by this means the instruments of motion are dulled. Fourthly, sleeping and watching, as if too excessive, or defective, they procure the same evils, as the like in rest and motion. Fifthly, things praeternaturally cast out and retained; of this more largely; for all the internal causes of diseases, may not incommodiously be reduced to this, although more rightly they may be distinguished into two kinds. 1. Those things preternaturally retained, and cast forth. 2. Such things as are contained in the body preternaturally altered. The latter are not only removed by casting out, but by alteration; m●y be reduced to an agreeable proportion of nature. However, there's a great affinity betwixt both. It's matter of judgement, to know humours particularly predominant in diseases: and also by what ways they may be spied out: which are various, yet not unfitly comprehended under the four humours, viz. choler, phlegm, etc. Whether excrementitious humours retained, or vitiated by alteration, the intern causes of diseases. Only blood properly so called, is scarce here faulty. Only choler, melancholy, phlegm, and a waterish humour, or an undue transpiration and sweeting. Choler, if it abound may probably be the cause of this affect, being apt to hinder the nourishment of the parts, and consume, and dissipate the natural spirits. Melancholy, if superabounding, and not purged out after a due manner, may be arrested as cause of this disease. For it rendereth the blood unapt to nourish the parts, especially those first affected. But, Thirdly, phlegm if retained, or abounding, may more properly be called the cause of this disease. For it's cold, moist, slow, thick, benumbed, little spirituous, soft, and affected with an internal slipperiness. The next is the undue transpiration of these humours, as also immoderate, or defective sweeting; which may be sometimes numbered among the causes of this affect. For they dissipate the spirits, and withal dissolve the parts; especially the external, which in this disease are first affected. If they be retained, they easily kindle a feverish heat, which likewise injure the spirits, and dissolve the parts. Both of them exposing the parts to a cold distemper. And Lastly, any humour cast out above measure, doth easily procure a wasting of the parts and dissipates the spirits, leaving the body to this affect. Thus much for non-naturals. We lastly come to diseases; which preceding, may be the cause of this disease. 1. Some have affinity with it; as any cold distemper, or moist, or both together; ill habit from too much phlegm, melancholy, and mixed obstructions proceeding from such humours, a cachexia, dropsey, etc. 2. Such diseases as make lean the body, as daily long diseases; also all fevers, especially the hectic, ulcers of the lungs, with a putrid fever; any continual fever that's violent, as a burning, malign, pestilent fever, pleurisy, inflammation of the lungs, small Pox, etc. Also all fluxes of blood, or otherwise diseases, that by consequence waste the substance of the parts, as diseases of the stomach, guts, Mesentery, spleen, liver, etc. yea, diseases in the Jaws, mouth, and throat, that hinder eating, also worms, teeth, apoplexy, palsy, etc. Luxations, fractures, of thighs, legs, or backbone, also tumours, paeines, or like affects, hindering the walking, playing, standing, etc. of children.  
Progn. Prognostics. This disease in its kind is not mortal: Sometimes it's so gentle, as that it's wrought off by age: Sometimes so vehement, that it rejects all applications; and concludes in death. Hence Prognostics are seriously to be contemplated, that the event may be discovered. If it invade before birth, its most dangerous, & seldom, if ever ends, in health. It discovering a deprivation of the seminary principles, and insinuates a vehemency in the causes. The more early it afflicts after birth, the more dangerous. If it depend on the natural inclination, proceed from preceding diseases, dangerous. Not altogether so, if either contracted by the mere error of the nurse, or from an erroneous regiment of health. If the backbone be weak, the neck cannot support the head, danger of life. If the first affected parts be extenuated, the head be great, they unwillingly draw their knees upward, or suffer them to be extended, it's also hard to cure. Girls as they are more easily infested, so they are more easily cured then boys. If the swell in the bones of the wrists, and ribs be great, it will be of long continuance. As also if either the bones be crooked, as of Arms, and Legs: or there be great bending of the joints. If with the Rickets, there be complicated a dropsy of the head; especially if the future's gape, mortal. If they breed teeth painfully, if with the Rickets be conjoined an Asthma, Physic Dropsey, French pox, deadly. If there be the scurvy, strumatical tumours, either within, or without, little hopes. If the teeth wax black, and fall out by pieces, dangerous. They who easily endure agitation of the body, have scabs, wheals, pimples, or itch, come after this affect, hopeful. They who attain to the consistence of the disease, escape the danger, if carefully looked to. The declination of the symptoms promiseth good. If the disease continue long, it easily procures a Physic, unless some other affect, or grievous symptom do intervene; as convulsion, loud cough, swelling of the lungs (vulgarly called the rising of the lights) a continual Fever, Pleurisy, and so kill. Infants who have had red-haired women to their nurses, have been most obnoxious to this affect. This disease chief invades the cradles of the gentry, especially those who live at ease, and far deliciously. They whose thigh, & shankbones are much increased, rather according to latitude & thickness, then according to longitude, for the most part become dwarves. Whosoever are not perfectly cured, before the first five years of their age be spun out, they afterward for the most part, live miserable, and fickly, and being either Asthmatical, Cachectical, or Phthisical, they die before they arrive to the consistence of their age; or else they grow deformed, crooked, and dwarfish.  
Cure. Diet is to be good and easy of concoction. Although the essential parts of this disease be various, yet may they all be met with by medicines temperately hot, and dry. And although the spirits prohibit all extreme hot things, yet they allow of moderate. Being the disease is great, and the spirits admit not a suitable remedy, it must be divided and given by turns, that is, purge by degrees. For the Chirurgical Cure: The most used and effectual is to divide the ridge that crosseth over the ear, a little above the hole, stopping the hole with lint. It's to be done in both ears, twice or thrice reiterated. Some say in a week; I have done it successfully once a month: it's to be done with a blunt knife, that the nerve, (usually burnt for pain in the teeth) may be divided. This I have known successful when all other means have been fruitless. This particularly evacuates the head, by which the blood is corrected: and hereby in some measure the astonishment of the parts is driven away. Remember universals are to precede. Some highly commend issues: If the disease cannot be conquered by other means, it's to be made in the neck by incision; yet I have known some after by reason of the pain, have been less gamesome. If with the Rickets an acute disease be complicated, vesicatories are to be used in the neck; moderate ligatures may be used, swathing of some parts with bolsters are to be used, as ankles, knees, etc.  
For the Physical Cure, be sure let the first ways be first washed from their impurities, which is done either by 1. Glisters, 2. Vomits, or, 3. Lenitive purgers. The first is required chief, when the belly is costive, and excrements hardened, when windy humours torment the guts, or some vehement pain in the bowels afflict the Patient. In these cases they are not only to be injected before preparation; but also before a vomit or a lenitive purge. They are frequently framed of gentle purgers; sometimes only of such things as have a faculty only to make the ways slippery, and to expel the wind. Never of strong cathartics. They are to be injected warm, or lukewarm. After long abstinence from meat take some forms. ℞. new milk warmed, ℥ iij. four, five, or six, Corianderseeds bruised ℈ s. course sugar ℥ j syr. viol. ʒ vj. mix them, and make a glister. This I have experimented in case of wind excellent, as also in old, the quantity being increased. The Doctors in stead of the Coriander use Anise-seed ℈ s. This I know, the powder of new aniseeds, being very fine, and mixed with pap, etc. and given by the mouth to a child, a day, or two, or more after it's borne, purgeth gallantly, removing a green matter impacted in the intestines, which torments the child. A sufficient quantity of the emollient decoction, with lenitive electuary ℥ s. syr. of roses solutive, and syrup of violets, eachʒuj. oil of Camomile ℥ j mixed, will serve. Or, ℞. Althea-roots beaten, ℥ s. melilot-flowers. ʒij. mallow-flowers, as also of mullin, eachʒ j bail them in whey sufficient quantity to ℥ iiij. or five, strain it, add red sugar. ℥ s, man. calab. ʒ iij. oil of Camomile. ℥ s. mingle them and make a glister. But to pass to Emetics, these are excellent, and procure many advantages, if considerately administered, and the dose fitly proportioned, otherwise dangerous, they are to be forborn; unless the humours incline upward of their own accord, and the children are either naturally or customarily apt to vomit, or can easily endure it. Also if they spit blood, use to bleeding at the nose, or any internal opening of the veins, tyssick and consumption, & if the vomits be vehement; therefore they are either to be gentle in their own nature, or if vehement, be corrected and given in a less dose; I have known given to children white copperess of itself, which hath wrought well and securely; the salt of it is excellent from five to ten grains, dissolved in convenient liquor. Your juice of Asarabacca is more churlish, so is infusion of glass of Antimony more crabbed than that of crocus metallorum, the last may be infused either in sack or white-wine, made in a cold place, and well purified. Dose, from ʒ j toʒ ij. to which add syrup of five roots, ʒ j dissolving them in posset-drink, to which add cynamon-water ten drops, or if you fear Convulsion fits, aq. ante pilepti. Lang. drink it warm. Or, ℞. the tops of groundsel, Ms. raisins ℥ j ale a pint, boil them together till the half be wasted, to ℥ iij. of the strained liquor add syrup of vinegar, simple, ℥ s. mix them, and drink them lukewarm. Some administer vinegar of squills, with some oxymel of the same, from half a spoonful to two spoonfuls. Lenitives work without tumult, and therefore require not such care as vomits, or strong purgers; only let them not be nauseous to the stomach, lest they procure loathing of all other medicines, nor oppress the stomach by their too great quantity; and lest they vomit them up presently, let the mouth be moistened with pleasant liquor, or use sugar, candid cherries, preserved barberries, or the juice of oranges, etc. The Lenitives are either simple, as manna, cassia fistula, aloes succotrina, tamarinds, oake-foarn roo●s, jujubes, sebestens, sweat prunes and damascens, figs, dates, pap of roasted apple, whey, etc. (These are to be mixed with other catharticks, otherwise they will not satisfy:) or Compound, as Cassia drawn either with, or without sena, diacassia, lenitive electuary, electuary of raisins, common purging decoction, syrup, and honey of violets, syrup of roses solutive, etc. Or, ℞. best mannaʒ vj. cream of tartar, gr. 6. dissolve them in posset-ale, in which a few aniseeds have been boiled, ℥ js. mix them and give them in the morning. Or, ℞. polypody of the oak. ℥ ij. cream of tartar, ʒ ij. pippins, number twelve, raisins of the Sun stoned, ℥ ij. boil them in a quart of water, to lb j in the decoction infuse all night best sena, ℥ js. rhubarb, ʒ ij. pulp of Cassia new drawn, ℥ s tamarinds, ℥ j liquorish, aniseeds and coriander-seed, eachʒ js. the next morning strain it through a linen cloth, and to ℥ viij. of the straining, addc ℥ uj of white sugar, boil it a little, after add to it manna, dissolved in syrup of roses, of each ℥ ij. and make a lenitive syrup, does. ℥ j in succory water. Or of pellitory of the wall, with ʒ j of the juice of lemons. For a pill your aloe rosata in a candid cherry, the skin pulled off, is excellent, It's to be exhibited at sleeping time. In the morning give of syrup of roses solutive, ℥ j in posset-drink. These and such like are to clear the first passages from impurities, or excrementitious humours collected and compacted there, which do not only (if not removed) infect the nourishment inward, but dull, or otherwise hinder the appropriate medicines. From these we pass to the Preparatories, which relate partly to the preparation of the humours, partly to the ways through which they are to be expelled, and partly to the passages themselves wherein they are contained, and this is required most of all before purging medicines, seldom before vomits; the medicines are to be moderately hot, (unless a Fever be present) also thinning, opening and cutting, as also have a peculiar respect to the parts affected, as lungs, liver, head, etc. with which is to be mixed such things as are appropriate to the affect. The simples are the capillaries, especially, wal-rue roots of osmond royal, buds of male fearn-brake, newly sprung up, polypody, harts-tongue, liverwort, ceterach, agrimony, doddar, scabious, betony, leaves and barks of tamarisk, bark of eaper roots, roots of succory, endive, grass, sparagus, myrobalons, liquorish, raisins, prunes, damascens, Seeds of anise, sweet fennel, coriander, caraway, syrup of maidenhair, betony, simple and compound, syrup. Byzantinus, succory with rhubarb, eupatory, five roots, staechadis, and harts-tongue. Observe, none of the simples have all the qualities necessary, therefore compounds are necessary, the barks of ash, tamarisk, and caper's infused in middling beer and used, is excellent, five little buds of male fernbrake boiled in lb s. of milk to ℥ iij. drink it on an empty stomach in a morning. This may be used to those used to milk. One handful of the said buds, male betony, Harts-tongue, liverwort, of each Ms. Tamarisk flowers, p. 1. corants, ℥ js. with these, and a chicken, and oatmeal, make some broth, of which give to the child ℥ iiij. in the morning, and so much at four a clock afternoon, adding cream of tartar. ℈ s.  
If you would have one effectual against pertinacious obstructions in the mesentery, liver, etc. ℞ Maidenhair, liverwort, agrimony, doddor, each Ms. roots of ma●e fernbrake, grass, sparagus, each ℥ s. Cream tartar, ʒ j liquorish, ʒs. mace ℈ j boil them in lb ij of fountain water, to lb j of the decoction addeʒ iij. of white or rhenish wine, syrup of Harts-tongue ℥ js. mix them & let the Patient take a draught of it as before. If there be obstructions in the lungs, ℞ Colts-foot, maidenhair, harts-tongue, liverwort, each Ms. roots of sweet chervil and sparagus, each ℥ s. Spanish liquorish, ℥ js. mace, ℈ j Raisins of the Sun stoned, ℥ j jujubes, number 6. sebestens 8. two figs cut in pieces, boil them in lb ij. of barleywater to a pound, to which being strained add syrup of maidenhair, ℥ js. mix them, use it as before. Or ℞ sweet wort lb ij. liverwort, maidenhair, harts-tongue, scabious, colts-foot, feather-few, each M. j blew figs, raisins of the Sun, each lbs. cut in pieces, liquorish, aniseeds, eachʒ ij. boil them over a gentle fire nine hours, strain it, and keep it for use. It's good for the former. If there be suspicion of the scurvy or french pox complicated, ℞ zarzaperilla cut and well beaten ℥ iij, China, hartshorn shave, ivory, each ℥ j leaves of male betony, liverwort, scabious, each M. iij. buds of fernbrake, and osmond royal, each ℥ ij. boil them in four gallons and a pottle of new ale, for four or five hours, over a gentle fire, then after some hour's respite, strain it through an hair sieve; after put in of the juices of scurvygrass, and brooklime, each lbs. barm it up after a due time draw forth for ordinary drink. The next comes Elective purging remedies, the matter having been prepared to expel it. Now these concern partly the humours, and partly the parts, wherein they are lodged; in each, due regard is to be had to the spirits. The most violent are rather to be relinquished, or duly corrected, or diminished in the dose. It's safer to exhibit a little too little, than the least measure too much, therefore purging by degrees is better than to remove it at once. They are to be suited according to the humours, as also to the parrs affected, and if there be not peculiar simple purging remedies to supply to the parts, then mix such ingredients as are familiar to those parts. Be sure you make choic of such purgers, as are directly opposite to the essence of the disease, amongst which rhubarb is chief, the former lenitives which may qualify the violence of the stronger; as Scammony, agaric, seeds of bastard saffron, mechoachan, jalap, turbith. Merc. dulc. senna, syrup of roses with agaric, magistral against melancholy of apples, diabalremer, diacatholic. confectio hamech, benedicta laxativa. Of these may be framed others answering every constitution, etc. as if choler abound, ℞ rhubarb. powdered gr. viij. syrup of cichory with double quantity of rhubarb, ʒ vj. syrup of roses solutiveʒ ij. fernbrake water, ʒ vj. mix them and make a potion. For melancholy, ℞ senny, polypody, epithymum, eachʒ j rhubarb, ℈ j cream of tartar, fennel seeds, each ℈ j infuse all in a sufficient quantity of fumitory water, to the strained infusion add syrup magistral. ʒuj cinnamon water drops 7, or aq. epilept. Lang. ℈ s. mix them for a potion. For phlegmatic humours, which are most usually offensive. ℞. senny, ʒ js. agarick trochis. ʒs' fennel-seeds, ʒs. camomile flowers 10. boil them in a sufficient quantity of fountain water; toʒ x. or ℥ js. of the decoction add ℥ s. orʒ vj. of syrup of roses solutive with agaric, mannaʒ iij. make a potion. To evacuate mixed humours, as also those that are sharp and adust, may from these medicines be framed suitable in case either the scurvy, strumaes, French-pox be complicated, mercury dulc. is admirable. And I had almost said in all the cases aforesaid being a panacea, and if well prepared, and discreetly given cannot be harmful; only, let there be mixed with it, either jalap, or its Magistral, or diagredium, as ℞ mercury dull. gr. viij. diagred. gr. seven. fol. Auri. N. j f. pull. give it in pap, panadoes, etc. If you would have it in lozenges, ℞ sweet mercuryʒj. magistral of jalap ℈ j white sugar dissolved in betony waterʒ iij. or ℥ s. make them into lozenges according to art of the weight ofʒ j or ℈ ijs. of which administer one at a time; it will not be amiss, if you add Confect. Alkermes ℈ j if they be very weak. If you would have pills, use aloe rosata, with which (if you please) you may admix rhubarb. If the child be greedy of drink, ℞ of rubarbʒ js. raisins of the sun the stones picked out Ms. of ordinary ale lb j infuse them for twelve hours, strain it, if your purses will not reach the best rhubarb, a double quantity of our English may perhaps be better. And here we take our leave of purging medicines, and come to specific altering medicines, which are to be used: the causes of the disease, having been prepared, and in part evacuated; or at least so subdued, that for the present they cannot retard the cure. Now these are directly contrary to the nature of the disease, and are either, 1. Simple. Or, 2. Compound. The first are roots, or rather the spike of the roots of osmond royal, the middle being thrown away, the roots of male fernbrake, or rather the little buds before they peep forth out of the earth, Roots of grass, succory, sparagus, madder, eringo. All the maiden hairs, ceterach, harts-tongue; liverwort, betony, the flowers and leaves of dead nettles, borage, sage, rosemary, tamarisk, southernwood, sea wormwood, greater Celendine, saffron, turmerick, sarsaparil, sassafras, china. 3. , guaiacum, and its bark, flower of brimstone, ivory, prepared steel, white, and Rhenish wine, sperma ceti, musk, ambergris, castory, earthworms, liver of frogs, and young ravens, woodlice washed in whitewine, baked in an oven, and beaten to powder. And note, because none of these simples distinct, do meet with all the causes of the disease; therefore, they are duly to be compounded, and made fit for the disease. And be sure it be so performed, that they be grateful to nature, and pleasing to the sick child. I shall give you one with which I cured many in Northamptonshire, Nottingamshire, and Warwick shire, ℞ Ceterach, maidenhair, each Mij. Scurvygrasse, Tamarisk, each Ms. Harts-tongue, liverwort, Mijs, China sliced two spoonfuls, aniseeds, liquorish, each ℥ j shave of ivory, and harts-borne, eachʒ vj. boil them all in three gallons of new midling-wort to the consumption of the third part, after strain it, barm it up, after it's ready drink of it morning, at four a clock in the afternoon, and in the night, if drink be called for, yea, at all times. Or ℞ rosemary, Ms. liverwort, scabious, Agrimony, Maiden hair, each M j Speedwell, Miij. roots of osmond, ℥ iiij. or rather the spikes of the roots, Currants, Mj aniseeds fourspoonfuls, boil all in three quarts of water, till half be wasted, strain it, adding fugar-candy, to sweeten it; and powder of red , and roots of oris tied up in a fine cloth. Or ℞. Ceterach, ℥ j Maidenhair, M. j anise-seed, ℥ j, liquorish, ℥ j, raisins of the sun stoned, and Currants, each ℥ ij. liverwort, harts-tongue, woodsorrel, each M. j Malefern-buds, ℥ ij. shave of harts-horne, ℥ ij, of ivory, ℥ j boil them in three gallons of wort, to the third part, and use as before. Or ℞. liverwort, maidenhair, each M. j Harts tongue, speedwell, each M. s. pennyroial, p. ij. raisins stoned, ℥ iij. Liquorish ℥ j boil them in fountain water, till half be wasted; to which add whitewine a pint, and common treacle a pennyworth, white sugar candy ℥ ij. drink of it as before. These have all been proved sufficiently. If therewith a consumption be complicated, use this, ℞. liverwort, coltsfoot, Jerusalem cowslips, each M. js. maidenhair, agrimony, scabious, each M. j french barley, ℥ iiij pearmaines, N. 20. snails, N. 30 shaved liquoris, ℥ j raisins stoned, ℥ ij. shave of harts-horne, and ivory, each ℥ iij boil them all in six quarts of spring water, in a vessel well stopped, till half be wasted, after strain it, and sweeten it with honey, or sugar candy, drink of it as before. If you would have one proper for the pox, or strumaes complicated, for the first drink take this of the Doctors, ℞. sarsaparilla cut and beaten, ℥ iiij. China sliced, ℥ ij. infuse them in seven pints of spring water for twelve hours, after boil them till half be wasted; then add the roots of sassafras, and osmond royal, leaves of harts-tongue, ceterach, maidenhair, dead nettle, each M. s. Spanish liquoris, ʒ ij. mace, ʒ j boil them to lb. iij. to the decoction add honey, or sugar ℥ iij. drink it ordinarily. ℞ flowers of tamarisk M. j male Paul's betony, M s. bruise them gently, and infuse them in two pound of ordinary beer cold in a stone, or glass flagon, well stopped with cork, for ordinary beer. Broths may be made with some of the foresaid simples, a chicken, hen, old cock, etc. and some oatmeal, panadoes with the broths, grated bread, adding butter, and sugar, and the yolk of an egg, you may add a little saffron; with these may be mixed proper powders made of the best tasted of the same simples, as of woodlice, livers of frogs, or young ravens to be prepared as before. Does. is from ℈ s. to ℈ j of the powders may be framed electuaries with honey, sugar dissolved, or syrup. You have choice of all in the Doctors Tract. They may be used for change, although I believe, your drinks will be more acceptable, go down with less trouble, and be as, if not more, efficacious. Thus having showed how to combat with the disease. We come now to take order with the Symptoms.  
In which consider, if they be eminent and grievous, leave the true method of cure, to resist them: These are flux of the belly, profuse sweats, painful breeding teeth, and toothache. The first of these falls out often; which if it persevere, for long time, or if very violent, easily wastes the spirits and consumeth the solid parts. It's true a bloody flux rarely happens a lientery often. With which there is a concurrence of other causes, as ill digestion, fever, watching, worms, painful breeding teeth, etc. all which rather procure a lask or lientery, rather than a bloody flux or Dysentery. For Cure, it's partly perfected by purgations, partly by astringent medicines, partly by such as open, partly by such as strengthen the parts. For purgers, rhubarb is most excellent, either taken in a bowl with conserve of roses, made up with syrup of coral. Dose of rhubarb ℈ s. to ℈ j in powder well dried at the fire. The same powder, ℈ s, in saxifrage water, ℥ j with syrup of dried roses, and quinces of each ʒ ij. may be made a potion. Observe first, if the flux have not been long or immoderate, and the peccant matter be much, use instead of the foresaid syrups, the syrup of roses solutive, Augustan, or succory with rhubarb, but rather which is safest, augment, the dose of rhubarb, not omitting the syrup of dried roses. In the evening after the purgation, administer ℈ s. of diascordium boiled in wine with cloves, and a little cinnamon mixed with a third part of corn poppy water, and some syrup of clove gilly flowers, to strengthen the stomach, and stay the flux. To procure sleep ℞. white wine posset-drink (aromatized with a little saffron tied up in a rag, crushing it gently between your fingers) confectio Alkermes, ℈ j powder of pomegranate pills, gr. seven. diacodium, ʒij, mix them. Or laudanum, gr. s. Magistral of coral, gr. xij. Conserve of red roses, ℈ j, with sufficient quantity of syrup of quinces, make a bowl; take at bed time. If there be obstructions you may prescribe Crocus martis, or salt of steel to be taken in the morning. As ℞. Conserve of red roses, ℥ j preserved succory roots, preserved myrabolans, each ℥ s. salt of steel, ℈ s. or crocus martis ℈ j cinnamon, liquoris, red coral, each gr. viij. saffron, gr. js. syrup of succory, without rhubarb, sufficient quantity, and make an electuary, does. ʒ s. Every morning, in its ordinary drink, quench red hot iron for the same purpose. If the child be troubled with a violent flux, you may give it conserve of slows, mixing it with such things as the child delights to eat, being sure to please its palate.  
For profuse sweeting, which wastes the spirits, and retards the cure, be cautious you do not rashly restrain it; especially if a Fever, feverish fit, or immoderate heat hath preceded, for than it either may be critical, or may bring more advantage to the body, than damage to the spirits; for nothing more sweetly, and potently expelleth feverish heat, then sweeting. But if it be inordinate, and causeless, (arguing the body oppressed with obstructions, crude juices, and unprofitable superfluities) its to be corrected. For which there's nothing more fit than purging, by which the superfluities are removed, draws them off from their former motion, and clears the way for opening medicines, such as strengthen the skin, and move forward concoction. Amongst purgers in this also, rhubarb is a none such. Thus it may be used. ℞ rhubarb sliced, ʒ ij. Raisins stoned, and slit, ℥ j small beer two pints, put them in a vessel stopped with corck. Set it in a very cold place, and stir it oft; before you use it, let it settle again a whole day, then use the liquor for ordinary drink. When the vessel's empty, fill it again with beer, to the same rhubarb. To these may be called in former electuar purgations. Those that are opening are French and Rhenish wine, which are to be mixed with borage, or red rose water, or temperated with roasted apples, adding a little sugar, and grated nutmeg, let them be taken in a lesser quantity, only at meals. For steel so highly commended, must be cautiously used, and a man of reason although versed in the Latin, when he hath well weighed the Doctor's caution; it seems he must come to them, or else it cannot be regularly used; which doth either proclaim the imperfection of their cautions, or else that they have monopolised all others wit within their Craniums. If I miss not of their meaning, as it's to be forborn where there's a catharre, cough, obstructions of the lungs, peripneumonia, pleurisy, spitting blood, or proneness to them, as also in acute Fevers, so it's not to be used but in the beginning of the disease, and beginning of the increase; for in the rest of the times there's usually a considerable Oligotrophy of the parts; and as to my simple observation, who have seen many, I seldom have observed superfluous sweats, till there hath appeared an evident Oligotrophy of the parts. Other openers, although of less note, in children may be effectual, (or else why used in weak men successfully?) are roots of succory, borage, conserve of their flowers, roots of grass, sparagus, fernbrake, maddar, leaves of ceterach, spleenwort, maidenhair. Among the compounds species of the three , diarrhodon abbatis. As, ℞. best sugar ℥ iij, dissolve it in rose water, boiling it a little beyond the consistence of a syrup, add then conserve of barberries ℥ j diatrion santal, & diarrh. abbot. eachʒ j powder of saffron, gr. 1. mix them, and make an electuary; Painful breeding and aching of the teeth, is the last mentioned, these producing Fevers, unquietness, watch, and other evils, require mitigation. If pain be caused by its working through the gum, without delay (if not done before) evacuate universally. First, by vomit, which is a potent remedy against toothache. It may be moved by tickling the throat either with a feather, or with the nurse's finger, or else rubbing the tooth breaking forth with a tobacco leaf wrapped about the nurse's finger, and a little moistened with beer; or lastly, by giving some vomiting draught formerly prescribed. The day following use a Cathartick, after use topicals, as rubbing the gums with coral, yea rather with the root of marsh mallows, which is fare better, or this ointment. ℞. butter without salt, ℥ iij. grease of capon and ducks, eachʒ ij. red poppies, ʒ j boil them in the juice of crabfish, bruised and drawn forth with water of sea-wormwood, french mallow-roots, eachʒ ij. to the consumption of the juices, after strain them, adding white sugar candy, ℥ iiij. nutmeg, ℈ j one yolk of an egg, mix them, and make a balsam. You are to anoint the gums oft with it, it mollifies and thins the gums, easeth pain, causeth the teeth to come forth easily, and oft may deliver from death. If universals prevail not, use opiates, especially when watch are troublesome, as ℞. diascord. gr. seven. diacodium, ʒ ij. white-wine posset drink tinctured with saffron, ʒ j give it at bed time, the night following the purgation. Or, ℞. laudani, gr. s. gascons powder. ℈ s. add conserve of clove gilli flowers, ℈ j with syrup of balm make a bowl; let it be swallowed at sleeping time.  
We are at last arrived at external remedies; and those, whether exercises, or outward applications, are to follow after purgations, and to be used with specificks. For exercises, (which children that have the Rickets are extremely averse unto, especially those that are violent.) You are to begin with those more gentle, they are to lie on their sides, unless in case of much weakness from diseases, rocking in cradles is good, if very weak, unless in time of sleep, carrying about, and toss and wavings of it to and fro, holding it either by the hands, rather, if weak, under the armpits, swinging it, is very beneficial; fit rollings are good, also playings, tempting them to the use of their feet, walking is helpful if they be strong, and their joints be knit; otherwise not, hanging of the body, frictions are excellent; this last is to go before, and in the application of outward medicines, beginning at the backbone, the child being laid on his belly; thrusting your fingers under the short ribs, and so hinder the growing of the liver, a great cause of the Rickets.  
But leaving these, we come to outward applications, which are to be administered with gentle frictions. They are either universal, respecting all parts, or particular, dedicated to certain regions of the body; the matter of the first, are the same before specific Alterants. The second are to be proportionated to the particular region, to which they are to be plied; the forms of both are liquours, oils, liniments, ointments, plasters. The liquours are all kinds of wines, especially muskadine, aqua vitae, or proper decoctions may be framed; although seldom used, unless mixed with oil, liniments, or ointments They must be used before a warm fire, and rubbed in with a hot hand, till they be dry; they are framed of specific alterants, in wine, or water and aqua vitae, equal parts, either by decoction, or infusion, For oils, they are oil of earthworms, chamomile, marigold flowers, Paul's betony, neatsfoot oil; also oil of foxes, whelps, swallows, if simple; but yet these and others are not so effectual as specificks, which are such as follow: ℞ camomile, , ground ivy, coltsfoot, fetherfew, each lb j red roses M j maceʒ j shred them all small, and mix them with lbiiij. of new butter unsalted, and so let them stand for two or three days, after boil them till the juice be wasted, after strain it, and reserve it for use after it hath stood; If any juice remain, let it out, and separate the ointment from the dregs, so will it keep the longer; with this I have cured many. Or, 2. ℞ speedwell, liverwort, each M j rosemary, and bays, M. s. shred them, and make an ointment with butter, lb js. and reserve it for use, Or, 3. ℞ camomile, sage, pimpernel, marigold flowers, and time, each M. j rosemary, bays, angelica, each M s. butter without salt, lb ij. and make an ointment, as before. Or, 4. ℞ roots of osmond royal ℥ iiij. clary, lavender, hyssop, tops of mints, each M j rosemary, hartstongue, marigold flowers, betony, each M s. flowers of sage, chamomile. and melilot, each p. ij. May butter, lb iij. aq. vitae, and white-wine, each ℥ iiij. make an ointment as before, strain, and reserve for use; most or all of these have been approved. If you have a mind to the Doctors, see their Tract, for particular parts; if the region of the belly be hard and swelled, and the Hypochondries, ℞. oil of capars, wormwood, elders, each ℥ j of the third prescribed ointment, ℥ js. mix them, and make a lineament; oil of saxafrage, made by manifold infusions, and after the herbs therein boiled, is excellent, if mixed with the foresaid ointment. You may with these mix appropriate liquors for penetration sake; as, ℞ the flowers of elders, and red sage, bay berries bruised, white  slightly beaten to powder, each ʒ ij. white-wine, lb ij. steep them for three days in a cold place, in a glass vessel well stopped shake it twice a day: when you use it, strain as much as will serve your present occasion then stop your vessel again. This mixed with the ointments, and heated at the fire, must be rubbed upon the abdomen, especially the Hypochondries, even to dryness; Balsam of Tolu is excellent, mixed with any ointment or plaster, and so applied to the region of the back, either in form of an ointment or plaster, to the Hypochondries may plasters be used, applying them to that side most hard, For this emplast. crocatum or cicut. may serve, to which may be added some of the foresaid ointments with some powder of .  
If the lungs be affected, use some pectoral ointment; as, ℞. oils of violets and lilies, ointment of orange flowers, each ℥ j mix them, rub them well on the breast till it be dry, after apply a London-brown paper, lined with wool or linen cloth. Or, ℞ unguent. pectoral, ℥ ij. simple ointment of liquoris, ℥ js. oil of violets, ℥ j mix them, anduse as before. The ointment of liquorish is thus made. ℞ new juicy liquoris ℥ iiij. new unsalted butter, washed in rose-water, lb j slice the liquoris, and beat it well with the butter in a stone mortar, afterward fry them then strain and squeeze them, repeat the same labour thrice, with a new quantity of liquoris. Some plaster may be prepared for the weakness of the back, which often happeneth in this affect with any of the foresaid ointments, adding bees wax, mastic, olibanum, myrrh, etc. The following hath been oft proved. ℞. of hog's grease, and sheep suet, each ℥ ij. oil of mastic, myrtles and irini, each ℥ ij. pitch, wax, and Burgundy pitch, eachʒ vj. bowl armoniac, ʒ iij. white turpentine, ℥ js. mastic, ol●banum, frankincense, myrrh, eachʒ ij. gum amoniack dissolved in vinegar, ʒ vj. of all these make an emplaster. With this sometimes is mixed beer boiled to the consistence of a plaster, it's to be spread on leather; empl. palmei slot. is good, they are to be applied to the backbone. If the upper part of the backbone be weakest, use a longish form, stretching down to os sacrum. If the lower parts, then use almost a triangular form, which apply from the loins to the utmost end of the os sacrum, the broader end upward. Some commend a lineament for the weakness of the backbone, for this you heard before balsom of Tolu added to the first general ointment will be excellent. But to conclude, for my own part, I have cured very many, and known many more cured by Mr. Montjoy, only with an ointment, appropriate drink, and cuttings in the ears, having before given, Merc. dull. cum diagred. & fol. auri, to purge withal.    

CHAP. II. Of the small Pox and Measles.  
THese being contagious and kill many, are fitly referred to malign and pestilential Fevers. The first are pustles, coming to ripeness. The second are small tubercles with intense redness, like an erysipelas, which within five or seven days are discussed without maturating, both these are accompanied with a continual Fever; these have their companions, of which hereafter Signs Signs. of their presence are needless. Those that threaten are pain of the back, neck and head, with heaviness of the eyes, itching of the nose, shortness of breathing, dry cough, beating in the forehead and temples, sometimes delirium, trembling and convulsion, beating of heart, neezing often, hoarseness, heat, redness, and pricking in the whole body; troublesome sleep, sorrow, and restlessness, shining and itching of the eyes, voluntary tears, tumour of the face with a little redness. These symptoms being often as vehement in the beginning as in the state. Urine sometimes like healthful, the vicious matter being thrust out to the habit of the body; otherwhiles filthy from the great ebullitiof the humours.  
'Cause internal, is the impurities of the mother's blood, which the Infant in the womb draws in in the last months, the purer being not sufficient, this being attracted into the whole fleshy substance, is then hid insensibly for some years, yea sometime many. Now when nature cannot any longer suffer these impurities, it gins by ebullition to foment them like new must. By that ebullition the pure is separated from the impure, the impure by a certain crisis is thrust out, and the heat communicated to the heart kindles a Fever. This is to be observed, there's found in the mass of blood a double excrement, the one thick, the other thin; Of the first is generated the pox; of the second the measls; although they are both infected by one and the same ill quality. Ex●ernal causes are either contagion, as when a body so diseased, communicates the disease to another, called infection, or the air, from the influx of the planets or other causes, corrupting or disturbing the humours, and as the air analogizeth so it produceth the pox or measles, whence they are sometimes more rife one then another. Now both these, although they break forth in the whole body, yet more abundantly in the face, feet and hands, contrary to the spots in Fevers, which rather appear in breast and back, the account of the difference is, the pox arising from the ebullition of the blood, the original whereof being the liver, it makes expulsion to the foresaid parts as its emunctories; which appears by this, that the more hot the liver is, the more red and pustly the face is: and there's also perceived more intense heat in the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, the expulsion being the greater to those parts. Whereas the spots in malign Fevers arise from the heart affected: whence they break forth near the heart especially, and in the loins, because the hollow vein ascending, and the Artery is near; besides, the spots often appear the seventh day symptomatically, rendering the disease worse, whereas the small pox and measles appear the third or fourth day from the beginning of the Fever, Critically, and that safe.  
Progn. Prognostics. If they break forth quickly, easily, and come speedily to ripening. If the Fever be gentle, the symptoms be mild, and after their breaking forth, remits or diminisheth. If the voice be free, breathing easy, especially if the pox be red, white, distinct, soft, few, round, sharp top't, be only in the skin, and not in the internal parts, and if there preceded a large bleeding at the nose, there's good hope; for these show the diseased matter to be little, obsequious, benign, and nature strong and sufficient to expel them, but if they either difficultly appear, or go in again, if they are blue, green. livid, hard, all in one, if after they break forth, the Fever lessens not. If there be swooning, difficulty of breathing, great thirst, quinsey, grief, unquietness, doubtful. If a flux of the belly happen after they break forth, if the urine be bloody, or pure blood be cast forth by the belly, or by the gums, nose, and other parts deadly, if therewith be complicated a spotted fever, and the spots be livid, dangerous.  
Cure is secondly, either preservative, which in those of age is perfected, by opening a vein, purgeing, and flying the contagion. In Infants only use the last, or curative, this consists, First, in the mitigating of the ebullition; and here bleeding, (if blood any what abound, and age will bear it,) is excellent; it's to be performed the first day, if this hath been neglected, it may be profitably done before they break forth, or at their first beginning to appear, which is usually the fourth day from the assault of the Fever, but with this caution; If at their appearing, the Fever and other symptoms diminish, then forbear, leaving the whole business to nature, which will be able to expel its enemy. But if then the Fever be more intense, there be anxiety, difficulty of breathing, the urine be thick and red, and other symptoms appear vehement; it's a sign nature is overburdened with the humour; so that it cannot fitly expel it. Here bleeding is necessary, by which portion of the burden being removed the rest is more easily expelled. But in a word, in these diseases, there's a double ebullition of blood, one is perfect, i. e. when only the impure part of the blood is putrified, and is by nature so purged that the whole mass is left pure; here bleeding is needless, for then the pox are more safe, and often cured without the help of a Physician: the other is corrupt, i. e. when both the excrementitious part of the blood, and the mass itself is putrified, hence there's the more danger, and here bleeding is necessary. This ebullition happens when these diseases generally reign, and are stirred up from a malign constitution of the air; and those are sometimes the forerunners of the plague, and are reckoned amongst acute diseases, viz. ending in fourteen days, and here the fourth day is accounted the beginning, the increase is drawn forth to the seventh, the state to the eleventh, and the declination to the fourteenth, in which time the pox are usually dried, yet that sometimes is not till the twentieth day; whereas in the other the beginning is the first day, the increase the second, the state the third, the declination at the fourth, for then the Fever and other symptoms remit. But to return; in the corrupt ebullition, bleeding is so necessary, that the tender age of children is not to hinder: it may safely be used at four years of age, and not seldom at three: the Paris-Physicians do use it to sucking children, though this cannot be approved If that youngness hinder, and the fit time be passed, than the abundance of blood is to be removed by cups, with scarifications, applied to the back, scapulas, and thighs, which also much profits in the state of the disease, for by them the motion of nature is helped in its expulsion, from the centre to the circumference; but beware in children scarifications be not too deep, for thereby the veins being divided, the hot blood will flow out so violently, that it will be difficultly stayed. Purging here is suspected, as hindering nature in expulsion, and drawing the matter flowing outward, inward: for whosoever having the pox, are assaulted with a flux of the belly, the pox suddenly returns, and oft procures death, yet notwithstanding purging is very profitable before the pox appear, and the Fever be too violent, viz. when, as it were, children are falling into a neutral estate. Then if cacochymia abound, its good to abate it, that so nature may the more cheerfully thrust out its adversary; but if either the pox appear, or there be great malignancy, (as in an epidemical season,) Purging is very pernicious. Those that are used are to be benign, as rhubarb, cassia, manna, tamarinds, syrup of roses, etc. in the whole course of the disease, if the belly be bound, it's to be moved very gently, and not provoked with suppositories of honey alone without salt, or a glister of broth, milk, or decoction of barley, raisins and liquorish, with sugar and yolks of eggs.  
The second work is to help nature to expel, and this is to be done, not only with specificks, which turn out the humours to the skin, but also diaphoreticks, and alexipharmicks, especially if the pox be epidemical, and partake of great malignity, To expel ℞ figs ℥ seven. lentils skin'dʒ iij. gum lac. ʒ ijs. gum tragacanth. and fennel-seed, eachʒ ij. boil them in fountainwater, till a third part be wasted, and give of it to drink; some add saffron gr. xv. and currantsʒ v. the saffron fortifies, and opens, the currants fortify the liver, etc. Or, ℞ roots of fennel, and sorrel, each ℥ j hartshorn shaved, ℥ s. leaves of scabious, scordium & St. Johnswort, each M j figs N. 6. gum lac. ʒ iij. napeseed, and of carduus benedictus, eachʒ ij. lentiles skinned, ℥ s. gum tragacanth. ʒ js. boil them in fountain-water to lb js. take of the straining ℥ iij with ℥ j of the syrup of lemons; give it twice or thrice a day. Or the following, which is experimented, and easy, ℞ clear posset-drink of Ale, lb j boil therein marigold flowers three spoonfuls, figs sliced N. iij. citron seeds bruised N. xij. a little saffron tied up in a fine linen cloth, but let all be boiled a good while, after strain it, and so give of it to drink daily, till danger be past. Or, ℞ seeds of watercresses, and columbines, eachʒ j shave of hartshorn, ʒs. red coral and pearls prepared, each ℈ j make them into powder, and give aʒs orʒ j decoct. ficuum, Minfich. or Gascons powder with bezoar are excellent. If malignity be very forcible, as it's common when the pox are epidemical, then appoint alexipharmacons, as confectio de hyacinth. bezoar, etc. such as are appointed in malign fevers, and you are not to omit such cordials, as fortify both inward and outward parts, this is to be observed; medicines expelling are not to be used in all that's sick, for so it may cause the Pox to come forth too violently: and here the ebullition of the blood is to be contemperated, lest it procure death. To bridle which ℞ barley, p. 1. roots of five leaf, and tormentil, each ℥ j leaves of sorrel, endive, and wood sorrel, each M. j lentils skinned ℥ s. gum, tragacanth, ʒ j boil them in water, lb ij. to lb j in the straining dissolve syrup of lemons, or citrons, ℥ iiij make a julep for four times, to be taken twice a day. For ordinary drink, use barleywater and sorrel-roots, which continue, until the heat be somewhat remitted, and after that use such as expel.  
The third work is to defend the parts, which are either inward, as the guts, liver, and spleen, which are defended with the first decoction, the lungs are secured with conserve of roses, violets, syrup of jujebs, violets, myrtles, and of dried roses; also this, ℞. syrup of violets, jujebs and dried roses, each ℥ j syrup of poppies ℥ s. mix them, using it oft, licking it by degrees from a spoon. Or, ℞. lent. skinned, and finely beatenʒ iij, white poppy seed, ℈. j conserve of roses ℥ ij. julep of roses sufficient to make a looch. If a violent flux rush into the lungs, and procure hoarseness and suffocation, the foresaid remedies are not only to be used, but it's to be revealed by cups with, and without, scarifications, and bleeding, if necessary, but with mature consideration. In this case, for ordinary drink is to be given the decoction of barley, jujebs, and liquorish; or this, ℞ seeds of marshmallows, melons, gourds, and white poppies, eachʒ ij. raisins cleansed, and jujebs, each N. viij. boil them in lb ij. of water, till half be wasted, in which dissolve conserve of roses, and violets, each ℥ s. species diatragacanth. frigid. ʒ iij. sugar candy, and of roses, each sufficient to make a licking. The roof of the mouth and throat may be defended before the Pox break forth with this. ℞. French barley, p. 1. leaves of plantain, M ij. red roses, p. 1. pomegranate-flowers, seed of sumach, eachʒij. boil them in lb ij. of water, till the third part be wasted, in the straining dissolve syrup of raspis, and pomegranates. each ℥ j mix them and make a gargarism. If children be so young, as that they cannot use a gargarism, then use a lambative of syrup of mulberries, pomegranates, or of dried roses, either alone, or mixed with rose-water, which use oft in a spoon. If the flux from the abundance cannot be stayed, and so danger of suffocation be threatened. To lubrifie the passages, and help excretion, use this, ℞. mucilage of fleawort-seeds, and oil of sweet Almonds new drawn, each ℥ js. white sugar candy, ℥ ij. mix them and make a lincture, giving it every hour. If through the acrimony of the flux, or abundance of Pox the mouth be ulcerated, it's to be cleansed with barleywater, and honey of roses or alum-water. Or this I have used successfully, water-vineger so mixed, that it offend not by its acrimony, sweetening of it with sugar, if these ulcers grow putrid, to the former may be added, mel Aegyptiacum, i. e. the honey-part that flows on the top of the unguent. Outward parts are, especially the eyes, which are chief to be preserved from the Pox, for they being endued with a soft and humid substance, the matter of the Pox is easily driven to them, whence most grievous evils happen, yea, sometimes loss of sight itself; therefore, before they break forth, or whilst they begin to appear, moisten the eyes with the waters of plantain and roses, in which a little saffron hath been dissolved. Or this which preserves powerfully, ℞. waters of roses and plantain, each ℥ js. powder of the seeds of sumachʒ ij. infuse them, and strain them hot with many expressions, to the straining add camphor ℈ s. saffron gr. v. and make a colyrium, which will be more effectual, if in stead of the waters, the juice of plantain & shepherd's purse, be purified and mixed with the rest; If the pustles do begin to arise in the eye itself, doves blood is oft to be dropped in, that they may speedily be dissolved. Or ℞ rose water, ℥ j of eye-bright ℥ s. troch. alb. Rhasis, ʒ j tutia prepared, ℈ j camphire, gr. v. saffron, gr. iij. make an eye-water, with which moisten the eye very often, with a fine rag. If the eyes be so tumified, that they cannot be opened, they are to be washed oft with a decoction of the seeds of lin. fenugreek, quinces and mallows, or warm milk. If in the eye there seem to be clouds, they are to be cleansed with sugar candy most finely powdered. If the eye be ulcerated, ℞ white lead washed. ʒ iij. sarcocol. ʒ j gum tragacanth. ℈ j opium gr. ij. with mucilage of gum tragacanth, drawn with plantain, make troches, which dissolve in women's milk or rose-water, to use. To preserve the nose use noduls of  and camphire; dipped in rose-vinegar, or smell oft to vinegar alone: or make tents, which dip in the colyrium, made with juice of plantain, and shepherd's purse, and put them up the nose. If for all this the Pox be got into the nose, that the crusts may fall quickly, anoint them with oil of sweet almonds, if there happen ulcers, apply a lineament, framed of the yolks of eggs, & juice of plantain, being mixed long in a leaden mortar. To preserve the face, some have used rose-water and other astringents, but very unfitly▪ for great portion of the impurities being sent to the face, which from the looseness and moistness of the skin, is apt to receive them, are by this means, not only kept in, but also thereby nature is hindered in its motion; therefore when the Pox appear, they may be anointed twice a day with oil of sweet Almonds, to help on their ripening, and being ripe, which is discerned by a spot in the middle, open them with a gold or silver needle, or rather let them break of themselves, however the oil is to be used, till such times as the crusts fall off, for it qualifies the sharpness of the choler, ripens and hastens the fall of the crusts, which otherwise would lodge the matter under them, and so deeply ulcerate the skin; oil of new nuts, newly drawn without fire, mixed with a like quantity of rose water, and reduced to a lineament, is most efficacious. I have with good success used oil olive ℥ ij. and carduus-water. ℥ js. mixed together. After which few scars have remained, if through the neglect of these or the like medicines, notable scars remain, it's to be helped as much as may be with the oil of yolks of eggs, and sheep's suet. For filthy scars, first wash the face with water of bean-flowers, or water distilled from cow's dung in May, after anoint them with man's grease. Or, ℞ oil of sweet almonds, and white lilies, each ℥ i. capon's grease, ʒ iii. powder of the roots of peony, oris, and lytharg. of gold, each ℈ s. sugar candy ℈ i. mix all these well together in a hot mortar, and strain it hard thorough a linen cloth, and anoint the places morning and night, and after wash them well with the water distilled from calf's feet, or in want thereof, some of the foresaid waters.  
The fourth and last business is to remove symptoms, which are various, as itch and exulceration, especially in the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, by reason of the compactness of the skin hindering their eruption, to help which hold those parts in hot water, or foment them long in an emollient decoction. If itch fall out in the face, which causeth the sick to scratch, whence followeth notable scars, use this, ℞ leaves of po●●itary, M i flowers of chamomile, and melilot, each p. s. boil them in lb j of scabious water, in the straining add woodbine water, in this being hot moisten some cotton, or fine lint, often moistening the itching Pox therewith. Ulcers that arise from malign and eating Pox, are to be cured with white ointment camphorated. Or, ℞.  lead- ℥ two. lethargy. ℥ i. white lead wash t, and vinegar, each ℥ s. oil of roses, ℥ iii. honey of roses. ℥ i three yolkes of eggs, myrrh. ℥ s. wax sufficient. to make an ointment; for convulsion, epilepsy, palsy, hearing hurt, inflammation of the eyes, etc. See in their proper chapters; only if a bloody flux accompany, wherein oft the Pox become depressed, the following is admirable. ℞ the roots of five leaf, and tormentil, each ℥ i. leaves of pimpernel, and scordium, each M i. yellow , and shaving of ivory, eachʒ two. boil them in water, to ℥ xii. in ℥ iii. of the straining dissolve aq. naphae, and of roses, each ℥ s. troch. viper. ℈ i. bezoar, gr. iiii. make a potion: which give to those that are greater, at one draught twice a day, but to such as suck, give of it often in a spoon.  
The Measles require the same cure with the Pox, only observe there's in the mass of blood a double excrement, the one thick, the other thin, the measles is from the last, which it may be is the cause of their discussion, without maturation. To these are referred, first pustles of the bigness of lupins, without redness, inflammation or fever, being white, and filled with serous humours, these after three days break and die, and are seldom dangerous, there are other tubercles, as some red, invading with heat, and dry cough, other like red spots burnt, etc. which have nothing singular in the cure.    

THE MILITARY CHEST.  
War's prophesied must be accomplished. Providences are ofttimes real Comments on holy Writ; witness these times, wherein the day of God's vengeance is in his heart, and the year of his redeemed is come. I shall not dispute, or question the truth of that which is so evident, as that those who are most against it, speak the verity of it in their actings. But to pass this, and come to meet with those events that occur, and are the proper subjects of the discourse, as wounds, etc. and here is not to be expected, the methodical cure already elsewhere dispatched: but only, as it were, a Catalogue of the matter by which it's effected, with their virtues and qualities annexed.  
Now the means or matter, are either medicines, or fit instruments fitly placed in a convenient chest. The medicines are either Physical, or Chirurgical. The instruments are either hard, or soft, all which are to be fitly placed to prevent confusion, and to be ready for use.  
They are by Hildanus divided into twenty Classes, whose method we shall follow, taking in what he hath judiciously set down, only take the liberty to add where there is necessity requiring, that so it may be full for our own Climate.  
In the first Classis is the simple purging medicines, which are with their virtues, as followeth.  


Agarick.  
It potently purgeth phlegm from the wholebody, especially the excrements of the mesentery, wonderfully removes the affects of the brain, purgeth the breast, and the womb, healeth asthma, difficulty of breathing, and jaundice, begets a good colour, moves urine, and courses, is excellent in pain of the colic, yet ingrate and adverse to the stomach, it's to be corrected with ginger, cloves, and being slow in operation, may be acuated with salt gem, cream of tartar, etc. it's hot in the first, and dry in the second; dose from ʒ i to ʒ two. in infusion, from ʒ i to five, that's the best which is white, light, rare, brittle, at the first taste is sweet, but after bitter and styptic.   

Aloes.  
It's a remedy against many diseases, is conveniently administered in those who are molested in their head, for it draws the vapours ascending from the stomach to the head without trouble, and is therefore good in those whose pain in the head ariseth thence. It's profitable in swimming of the head, inflammation of the eyes, cataracts, especially if they arise by consent from the stomach. It's profitable for those that are troubled with nidrous crudities, it procures a good colour, and removes the excrements of the belly, heals the jaundice, and those troubled in their sleep, preserves from putrefaction, and plague; and therefore excellent in such seasons. It sharpens the sight, stays fluxes of blood, and kills worms, it consolidates, and cleanseth. If Zacutus may be credited, it doth not inflame the liver, it's hot in the third, dry, second; Dose is according to its preparations, that prepared with roses is best to be given inwardly; that's to be chosen which is pure, fat, shining, glutinous, transparent, without gravel and stones.   

Rhubarb.  
Of all catharticks it's most in use, and of least danger, fit to be used in all ages, sexes, and conditions. It peculiarly draws forth choler, and after phlegm, though viscid, and tartarous heaped up in the stomach, and the first ways, it strengtheneth the internal parts, purgeth sweetly and without trouble, it's most proper for the liver, purges the blood, frees from obstructions, hence cures the jaundice, dropsey, tumours of the spleen, putrid fevers, also removes those that are long, and malign, pains of the sides; is excellent in fluxes of the belly, is gallant in the rickets, killeth worms, and strengtheneth the bowels. Hot and dry 2. Dose in powder to ʒ two. in infusion to ʒs. that's to be chosen, that's new of deep brown, etc.   

Cassia.  
It's a gentle medicine pleasantly evacuating choler and phlegm, may be given to children, weak, in long consumptive diseases, when other medicaments cannot be admitted. It's excellent in fevers, it retunds the acrimony of yellow bile, resolves phlegmons in the breast and lungs, smooths the windpipe, is a remedy in hot defluxions from the head, and in curing of burning and malign fevers is gallant; it's temperate, yet moist, and to be corrected with cinnamon, mastic, aniseed, etc. Dose in Infants is to ʒ is. in adults to ℥ is. in glisters, ℥ two. that is best which is new and weighty, which being shaken in the pipes, make least noise shivering.   

Crocus metallorum.  
It's useful in pains of the head from impurities of the stomach, which happens not seldom also in the epilepsy, pleurisy, melancholy effects, fevers especially, intermitting tertians in the plague, camp fever. It preserves from the gout, excellent in most pectoral diseases, yea, in squinsey, works both by vomit and stool, given in glisters is excellent in the colic; dose is from three grains to vi. the infusion is most safe. Some give stibium the precedency, but it's more churlish; an infusion prepared of an equal quantity of both some think excellent; they are to be exhibited with proper waters, and so serve in most diseases, that crocus prepared with salt of wormwood is accounted best.   

Coloquintida.  
It purgeth thick and glutinous phlegm from the more deep and remote parts; as from the brain, nerves, joints, lungs. Hence exhibited with profit in swimming of the head, megrim, falling sickness, apoplexy, scabs, and French pox; but because of its violence, and bitterness, as also because it hurts the guts, and stomach, and so draws on sad affects, as dysenteria, etc. It's not to be given in substance, unless to those that are very strong, and that with correctives, dose in substance is from gr. seven. to ℈ s. in glisters to ʒs. tied up in a rag: that's best which is whitest and lightest, it's hot and dry third; of these is made your troc. alhandal. ℥ is. of which infused in ℥ x. or xii. of spirit of wine is framed, spir. vit. aur. Rulan. being filtered, which purgeth by the belly without danger all viscous humours, both cholers, and water, if exhibited in the morning every third day, dose àʒ two. ad ℥ i. vel ℥ is.   

Scamony.  
It draws out choler effectually after that phlegm tough, and adhering in the most remote parts, is excellent to sharpen other medicines, it purgeth serosities, it's to be corrected with quinces, sulphur, etc. it's hot and dry 3. Dose from gr. vi. to ℈ s. vel gr. xii. outwardly it is good in pains of the head and teeth, that's to be chosen which is clean, shining, easily powdered, of good smell, and touched with the tongue is whitish.   

Senye.  
This is catholic, is safe, familiar and benign. Securely given to breeding women; also in every age Evacuates melancholy, both cholers and salt phlegm, from head, liver, spleen, and lungs; and being continued, from the joints. It's profitable in long diseases, from phlegm and melancholy, sharpens all the senses, procures cheerfulness, and conserus the body in health, and youthful. It's hot and dry 1. to be corrected with flowers of borage, ginger etc. That's best which is cleanest without stalks, and dust, is long, and of colour whitish green; dose in powder, from ʒ i to ʒ two. in infusion, from ʒ iii. to ℥ s. or ʒ vi. in white-wine or whey. It's excellent in itch and scabs. Of ℥ i. of this, and ℥ s. of sarsaparil with a little sugar, is framed a fine powder, for soldiers, etc. against the French pox; dose ʒ two. in some convenient liquor, and given in a morning for continuance.   

Hermodactyls.  
They most profitably purge phlegm from the most remote parts, good in chronic diseases, as dropsey, french pox, and pains of the joints, kills louse, good to make pease for issues, to cause them to run. It's hot and dry in the beginning of the second; Dose in substance is from ℈ js. to ʒ js. in infusion from ʒ ij. to ℥ s. that's best which is white, solid, heavy, and is easily powdered.   

Manna.  
It drives forth yellow choler, is given to those which cannot take strong medicaments; it may safely be given to children and women with child, it smooths the throat, breast and stomach, cleanseth, quencheth thirst, and is most profitable for curing catharous defluxions, is profitable in the pleurisy, helps inflammations of the lungs, purgeth the womb from filth (mixed with infusion of agaric) and the stomach, if made into a bowl with turpentine, or styrax. Dose in infants from ʒ ij. to ʒ vj. in milk, and is good when they are scabby; to adults from ℥ js. to ℥ ijs. it's to be forborn in fevers, unless mixed with cold things: that's best which is white, shining; if a little yellow it may pass: but if much, it discovers antiquity.   

Mechoacan.  
It draws forth gently and without molestation, pituitous and watery humours from the whole body, especially the head, nerves, and breast, therefore most profitable in catharres and diseases rising thence, in the dropsy, all gouts, French pox, it's excellent in all cold effects of the head, opens all obstructions of the bowels, as liver, etc. and strengthens them, for the colic, suppression of urine, mother, diseases of the skin, difficulty of breathing, it's very good in children, it removes the crudities in the stomach, and liver. Dose in Infants ℈ j in adults from ʒ j to ʒ ij. in infusion to ℥ s.   

Jalap.  
It's supposed more effectual than the former, in the said diseases, it purgeth all noxious humours, especially watery, without trouble, Dose is from ℈ s. to ʒs. in infusion, from ʒ js. to ʒij. it's hot and dry in the second, they are safe medicaments.   

Myrabolans.  
They are of five sorts, the yellow purge choler, strengthen the sight; the black purge burnt choler, good in quartanes, leprosy, and affects of the skin. Those called chebul purge phlegm, sharpen the sight, cleanse the breast, and help in long fevers. Those called emblik draw forth phlegm, strengthen the stomach, stay vomitings, help the resolution of the nerves, and lethargy. Those called Belleric. remove purulencies, stay the flux of the hemorrhoids. Dose from ʒ vj. to ℥ js. dry in the first, cold second; those are best which are fleshy, thick, and ponderous.   

Juice of damask roses.  
It purgeth choler and phlegm, and excellent to prepare your aloes withal.   

Troch. Alhandal.  
They all viscous humours, as also bile and serosities, and are more safe for those diseases expressed under coloquintida, than it.   

Turbith.  
It draws out phlegm most strongly, therefore wonderfully helps for the remove of the cause in long diseases; it purgeth the water betwixt the skin, is good in venereous pains of the joints, gout, dropsey, scabs, and asthma. It's hot in the third. Dose from ℈ ij. to ℈ iiij. in infusion, from ʒ ij. to ʒ iij. that's best, which is gummy and white, and breaks easily; give it not to infants, or breeding women.   

Tamarinds.  
They repress the heat, and sharpness of humours, gently draw forth bile and adust humours, quench thirst humect dry bodies, are good in the plague, pestiferous and malign fevers. Cold and dry 2. Dose from ℥ ij to ℥ iiij. used in glisters, mitigate the heat of the liver.    

The Second CLASSIS hath in it compound purging medicines, with the virtues, etc. as followeth.  

Benedicta Laxativa.  
It's seldom or never given by the mouth, most oft in glisters, for the evacuating of pituitous humours, mixed with bile, although sticking hard in remotest parts. It's good in the colic, cold effects of the reins, womb, and joints, from which parts it draws forth mucous phlegm, and discusseth wind. Dose by the mouth, is ℥ j but in glisters to ℥ js.   

Confectio Hameck.  
It purgeth melancholy,  choler, and salt phlegm, is good in all affects of the skin arising from the said humours, as scabs, itch, etc. it's of admirable virtue in melancholy diseases. Dose is ℥ j   

Diacarthamum.  
It marvellously draws out yellow bile and plegme; Dose from ʒ js. to ʒ vj.   

Dacatholicon.  
It's as profitable as commonly used, it evacuates all humours, principally choler, burnt melancholy, and then phlegm, it's very gentle, & may be used in all ages, states, and times, either by itself, or dissolved in some proper liquor, its helpful in acute and peracute diseases, it mollifies, altars, and strengthens, is good in affects of the liver, spleen, it helps gouts of all kinds, also tertians, quartanes, and quotidians, as also pains in the head. Dose is from ℥ s. to ℥ j you may take ℥ j when you go to bed, and in the morning, drinking a good draught of posset-drink, may go abroad. The same virtues hath Tryphera Persica.   

Diaphoenicon.  
It purgeth phlegm mixed with bile, and amongst those which receive scammony, it operates gently, its good in all cold diseases, especially in pains of the colic contracted from a cold cause, as also in long fevers, as bastard tertians, and quotidians. Dose is to ʒ x. from ℥ s.   

Diaturbith cum rheo.  
It purgeth phlegm, and choler.   

Electuarium Lenitivum.  
It's profitable in humoral fevers, and pleurisy, easeth coughs, smootheth the breast, mollifieth the guts, and purgeth without molestation. Dose is to ℥ j   

Pul. sen. praepar.  
It purgeth melancholy, adust, bile, and salt plegme, cleanseth the head and rest of the body, is good in affects of the skin.   

Syrup of Roses solutive.  
It purgeth choler, and water, strengtheneth the stomach, and guts, therefore used profitably in burning and malign fevers, it strengthens the heart, and brain. Dose from ʒ iij. to ℥ v. It's made with nine infusions of damask roses; if it be done with red roses, it will be very profitable in dysenteries, diarrhea, tenesmus.   

Syrup of violets.  
If this be made of nine infusions, it gently purgeth choler, and draws it forth gently from the first region of the body, breast and urinary passages, its cordial; therefore profitable in malign fevers, pleurisies, hot catarrh. and diabetes. Dose from ʒ iij. to ℥ s.   

Pil. Aggregativae.  
They evacuate universally all humours, although chief bile, next that phlegm, and then melancholy, especially from the parts serving the natural, and animal faculties, they are profitable in long fevers, remove faults of the head, stomach and liver. Dose from ℈ ij to ʒ j Beware you use them not a flux reigning.   

Pil. Aureae.  
From the excellency of the operation they are so called; they evacuate without hurt bilious humours with some portion of phlegm; these humours they especially draw from the head, eyes, stomach, and wonderfully help the actions of those parts. Dose is to ʒjs.   

Pil. Cocheae  
They purge the whole body, especially the head from pituitous humours, therefore profitable in cold affects of the head, which arise from tough and thick humours, as lethargy, etc. Dose to ʒ j   

Pil. de agarico.  
They cleanse the breast from gross and putrid humours, and so good against asthmas, and old coughs, Dose to ʒ j   

Pil. lucis major.  
They purge excrementitious humours from the head, and strengthen the head and sight. Dose to ʒ j   

Pil. de Euphorbio.  
They draw forth cold phlegm and crude humours, which descend to the nerves, excellent in the gout, dropsies, pain in the loins, gouts, scurvy, palsy, and remove the cause of tumors. Dose from ℈ j to ℈ js.   

Pil. Ruffi.  
They are commonly used to prevent pestilential diseases, are good to exhilerate the spirits, much refresh and deliver the stomach from any oppression. Dose to ʒ j   

Aloe Rosata.  
It's an excellent purger of choler, frees the stomach from superfluous humours, opens stops and other infirmities of the body proceeding from choler and phlegm, as yellow jaundice, and strengtheneth the body exceedingly. Dose ℈ j or ʒs. when you go to bed.   

Extract. Rudii.]  
It cleanseth both head and body of choler, phlegm and melancholy. Dose à ℈ j to ℈ js.  
Spec. for suppository is Hiera, etc.   

Pul. Arthritic.  
It purgeth surely and gently all defluxions, and may be used, and is although covertly in most cases. Dose from ʒs to ʒj. in white-wine or posse●-drink with sugar, to those that are weak, in sack I have used it with admirable success, in form of pills, in pain of the teeth, and deflux●ons from the head. This is the Recipe. ℞ Sen. turbith. gum. hermodactyl. diagrid. oss. human. calcinat. an. ℥ s. misc f. pull. subtiliss.    

The third CLASSIS are Electuaries, and pouder● strengthening the heart, and noble part, which with the operations, follows.  

Aromat. Rosatum.  
It heats, yet strengthens more all the noble parts, and those serving to concoct, it opens, attenuates all pituitous humours, and wastes superfluous humidities, sharpens the senses, is profitable in cold affects of the said parts; especially in the plague, swooning, fever, dropsey, crudities of the stomach arising from thence, the liver, and other parts weakened by cold. It's to be dissolved in cordial liquours, if given inwardly, Dose to ʒ ij. if outwardly applied, it's to be mixed in waters, unguents, etc.   

Bol. Orientalis or East-bole.  
It greatly binds dries & strengthens. It's use is most excellent in staying fluxes, thickening humours, hindering putrefaction, and resisting venom, in which account its diarrheas, dysenteries, menstrual flux, bleeding at the nose, wounds, &c it's outwardly to be used by way of cataplasms. Dose to ʒ j inwards.   

Camphire.  
It resists putrefaction and venenofity, hence oft used in malign diseases, as fevers, etc. It dulls ♀ and if credited, hinders conception, ʒs. of it made into a powder, with ℥ s. of sal. prunel. and divided into four parts, and given in cooling juleps every third hour, is gallant, as to quench violent heat in malign fevers, so also to resist malignity, and quench thirst; its good in gonorrhoea, outwardly it easeth pain in the head (used in frontals) pain of the teeth stopped with it; agues, if in a nodula smelled to, and is good in gangrenes, and inflammations.   

Confectio Alkermes.  
It heats in the end of the second degree vehemently, strengthens the heart and cheers it, regenerates all spirits in great quantity, removes malign putrefaction, and so preserves and defends all the inward parts, its helpful in melancholy diseases, swooning, beating of the heart, pestilent and malign fevers. It's profitable against venom, and against the bitings of virulent creatures; and hastens birth, given with cynamon-water, to the quantity of ʒ j Dose to ʒ js.   

Confectio de Hyacintho.  
It's temperate in quality, and hath a most gallant faculty to strengthen the heart after that the stomach, and liver, and by reason of its cardiack, and alexipharmick quality, it produceth spirits in great plenty, and extinguisheth all venomous qualities, hence it helps admirably in venomous affects, especially in pestilent, malignant and spotted fevers, is a remedy against all bites of venomous creatures; Dose is to ʒ js. dissolved in cordial liquours or juleps.   

Prepared Coral.  
It binds, cools, dries and strengthens, peculiarly the heart, than the stomach, and liver, purifies the blood, good against the plague, venomous and malign fevers, stays all fluxes of the belly, womb, & yard, prevents gonorhea, as also the falling sickness, if given when new born in its mother's milk, to gr. x. before any thing else; it fixes the spirits, is good in the Rickets; the tincture made of ℥ vi. grossly beaten in juice of lemons, in B. M. for four days, after separated from the faeces, is admirable to cool and strengthen the liver. Outwardly, its good in ulcers to incarn and cicatrize, and in Colyrium, to recreate the sight and stop watering of the eyes.   

 harts-horne prepared.  
It resists putrefaction, stays fluxes of the belly, kills worms, moves sweat, and is a very familiar medicine in Infants. It's excellent in juleps for fevers in all sorts, and all sorts of people. It's good in jaundice, pain of the bladder, and flux of the womb; for a julep: Take of it ℥. j water three quarts, boil them till a quart be wasted, after remove it from the fire, and add syrup of lemons ℥ iij. rose-water ℥ iiij. sugar to sweeten it, and some drops of spirit of vitriol.   

Creamo tartar.  
It cuts and thins thick and tartarous humours, especially those heaped up in the first region of the body; therefore profitably given in obstructions of the spleen, mesentery, reins, and hypochondries. It's used as a catholic digestion, and so given before catharticks, yea, if a gr. or two of diagridium, or gum gutta be mixed with it, loosens the belly. Dose is from ʒs. to ʒj, or ʒ ij.   

Diaireos.  
It comforts the breast, is good in cold coughs and hoarseness, you may mix it with any pectoral syrup, appropriated to the same disease, and so take it with a liquorish stick.   

Diamargariton frigid.  
It's of a cooling quality, extinguishing the heat of blood and choler, hath an excellent faculty to strengthen the stomach, liver, brain, especially the heart, so restores the vital spirits in great quantity, defends the noble parts from all putrefaction, removes malign fevers, helps in cardiack affects, is a remedy in the trembling of the heart, is a restorative in Consumption, helps in Hectics, coughs, asthmas, and restores such as have long laboured under languishing and pining diseases, Dose to ʒ ij.   

Diarrhodon Abbatis.  
It a little heats, yet dries and marvellously strengthens the liver, and all the inward parts, helping their concoction, helpeth also in fevers from phlegm (in which it hath great force) although there be mixed therewith choleric humours. It's inwardly in powder dissolved in Hen-broth or cordial julep, or in tablets. Outwardly in epithems or unguents, and so it strengthens the stomach, helps concoction, discusseth wind, and stirs up appetite.   

Diatragacanthum frigidum.  
It lenifieth the windpipe, easily procures spitting, is very profitable in affects of the breast and windpipe, helps consumptions, leanness, inflammation of the sides, pleurisies, inflammation of the lungs, stays the flux to those parts. Dose to ʒ ij. in tablets.   

Flower of brimstone.  
It resists putrefaction, dries, provokes sweat, hence profitable in the plague and pestilential fevers, whether to cure or preserve, helps in catarrhs, affects of the lungs, coughs, consumptions, asthmas, etc. Dose from ʒs to ʒj. To preserve, exceed not ℈ s.   

Bezoar stone.  
It strengthens, moves sweat, is alexipharmick, hence profitable in the plague, vertigo, falling sickness, swooning, beating of the heart, jaundice, colic, bloody flux, worms, stone, obstruction of the courses, difficulty of birth, melancholy, green sickness, excellent in malign fevers and venom. Dose from gr. iii. to xii. or ℈ i. yea Zacutus gave ʒ j and succeeded when the Patient was hopeless.   

Prepared Pearls.  
It's cool, hath a cardiack force, therefore strengthens the heart and defends it and the rest of the principal parts, serving to nutrition, bridles the heat of blood, and choler, resists malignity, therefore hath an admirable faculty in malign, pestiferous and burning fevers, it cheers the spirit excellently. Dose to ʒ iii.   

Mithridate.  
It heats, dries, attenuates, incides, powerfully opens obstructed passages of the brain, and strengthens admirably the rest of the inward parts, moves the courses, discusseth wind, provokes urine, heats and evacuates cold humours, in the head oppressed with cold juice, its helpful in fits of the falling-sickness: the palate being anointed; is happily given in the plague, pestiferous and venomous diseases, in pain of the colic and of the stomach, from a cold cause; yea, also in vehement pains of the gums, being therewith anointed; it helps continual waterings of the stomach, ulcers in the body, consumptions, weakness of the limbs, provokes appetite, casts out the dead birth, and helps such women as cannot conceive by reason of cold: is admirable in melancholy; inwardly it may be taken of itself in a bowl, or dissolved in liquours, outwardly mixed with oil of scorpion, to provoke urine and courses. Dose to ʒ two. you may take ℈ i. or ʒs. in the morning, and follow your business.   

Diascordium.  
It's helpful in pestilential diseases, may supply the place of theriaca, especially in those which cannot bear the other, as in children, and breeding women; it's a remedy in malign fevers, and is adverse to venom and venomous diseases, it sustains the vital faculty, strengthens the animal, and begets plenty of all spirits, it provokes the courses, facilitates and speeds labour, it stops fluxes, strengthens the stomach, and procures sleep, therefore good in such fevers, where there is want of sleep. Dose from ℈ s to ʒ j   

Theriaca Londinensis.  
It's cordial, resists the plague, and is a good preservative in pestilential times, resists poison, strengthens cold stomaches, helps digestion, removes crudities. Dose ʒij.   

Opium.  
It quiets the unquiet and seditious motion of the spirits, procures sleep, easeth pain, not to be used inwardly without preparation, outwardly its profitable in unguents.   

Laudanum opiate.  
It's a gallant anodyne, seldom frustrates expectation, for it helps without molestation or any trouble of the brain, against all pains from whatsoever cause arising, against all hemorrhoids or fluxes of blood, in what part of the body soever, against all defluxions therefore ½ gr. excellent in chincough, against all fluxes of the belly, dysenterick, hepatick, lienterick, etc. it procures admirably rest in fevers, and bridles the impetuosity of the humours, its excellens in madness, melancholy, vomiting, falling sickness, hiccough, colic, weakness of the stomach, pleurisy, all kind of gout and stone. Dose from gr. j to iij. or iiij. by degrees I have given six; it's to be given, the body having been evacuated.   

Mecorium.  
As opium is a distillation from the plant incised, so this is the juice thickened by decoction, which being well prepared, is excellent in the effects in opium described, etc.   

Theriac. Andromac.  
This being in little use, and theriac. Lond. as a substirute put in room of it, we shall say little, only look the virtues of ● ithridatè.   

Philonium Romanum.  
It cools in the third degree, powerfully induceth stupefaction, stirs up deep sleep, is very profitable in intense pains, in what part soever.   

Shaving of Hartshorn.  
It's cordial, resisting venom, cheereth the heart, dispelleth wind, easeth the colic, opens obstructions, killeth worms, helps the jaundice, easeth pains in the reins, and bladder, drives forth the small pox, and measles.   

Sal Prunellae.  
Dissolved in convenient liquors, or ordinary beer, its excellent in burning putrid fevers, especially those called spotted; its good in pleurisies, with red poppy-water, as also in inflammation of the lungs, for the stone in the kidneys or bladder, given in vulgar ptisan or in pellitary-water, with syrup of French mallows, nothing better. It helps in obstruction of the liver, and mesenterics. It extinguisheth thirst, is good in inflammations of the mouth and squinance; dissolved in gargarisms, it easeth pains, and cureth scalds or burns dissolved in proper liquor, and applied. Note, it's not to be given in loosnesses. Dose from ℈ ij. to ℈ iv.   

Tartar. vitriolatum.  
It's a most excellent digestive, resolveth tartarous humours most effectully; hence most profitably given in obstructions of the bowels, meseraick veins, good in all Fevers, especially quartanes, and in obstruction of the courses. Dose from ℈ s. to ℈ j   

Sealed earth.  
It dries, binds, resists putrefaction and venom, resolves grumous blood, comforts the heart and head, dilates the blood, therefore moveth sweat. It's used especially in the plague, malign fevers, diarrhea, dysentery, in venomous bitings; outwardly in wounds, especially malign, as also venomous bites.    

The fourth CLASSIS are Aromatic, which with their virtues follow.  

Calamus Aromaticus, or sweet garden flag.  
It's especially used in affects of the womb, and pains of the sinews, it provokes urine, strengthens the lungs, helps bruises, resists poison. Dose, if given inward, is ʒs.   

Cloves.  
They have a notable peculiar cordial, cephalick, and stomacaical quality. They profit in fainting, toothache, crudities of the stomach, vertigo, they also qualify malign and uterine diseases, stop looseness, help digestion, provoke lust, and quicken the sight. Hot and dry in the third. For fainting ʒs. Of those withʒ j of cinnamon, and xv. grains of galingal beat and boiled with half a pint of rose-water in B.M. for three hours, is excellent.   

Cinnamon.  
It opens, discusseth, moves the courses, cheereth the parts, refresheth all the spirits and bowels, helps concoction, used oft in faintings, and in cold affects of the head, stomach and womb, procures urine, speedy delivery, resists poison; good in defluxions on the lungs, dropseys.   

Crocus or Saffron.  
It's proper to the heart and lungs, good for the womb, and familiar to the rest of the bowels. It opens, cleanseth, mollifies, easeth pain, procures sleep, expels the courses, birth, small pox, oft used in swooning, apoplexies, mother, jaundice, plague, and other venomous diseases; good in asthma, with oil of sweet Almonds. Dose to ℈ j It's used outwardly in collyriums and cataplasms, to ease pain, in which it excels.   

Galingal.  
It's proper for the stomach, head, and womb; incides, opens; is used in the crudities and inflation of the stomach, vertigoes, obstructions of the womb and other affects of the whole body, arising from cold and wind; its excellent in errhins, for the head inwardly. Dose ʒs. hot and dry in the third.   

Nutmegs, and Mace.  
The latter is but the cover of the first. The first is proper for the head, stomach, and womb, discusseth wind, helps concoction, mends stinking breath, recreates the birth, helps faintings of the heart, lessens, and easeth the pain of the spleen, admirably stays fluxes of the belly, and vomiting, easeth pain of head and joints, adds strength to the body, is a good masticary in debility, and defluxion of the brain. Mace hath the same virtue.   

Pepper.  
It's used in coldness and crudities of the stomach, colic, especially white pepper, it's used in weakness of the sight; outwardly it may be used in apophlegmatisms, gargarisms, sneezings. It easeth the toothache, abates the swelling of the palate, and gets it up, and is good in cold affects of the sinews.   

Sugar.  
It's use is to sweeten broths, and other aliments, it profits in the cough and other affects of the lungs, is good in the reins and bladder, especially the candied, hot in the first.   

Ginger.  
It powerfully heats, opens, incides, attenuates, helps the stomach to digest, expels wind, resists putrefaction and malignity, clears the sight, heats the joints, and therefore profitable in the gout.    

The fifth CLASSIS are waters, and juices, which are as followeth.  
Some of these are simple, distilled from some particular herb, others are compound; the former of these, it would be useless to set down their virtues, being they will be writ in the Classis, which is of herbs. The simple are these.  
The waters of sorrel, borage and bugloss, marigold-flowers, balm, plantain, roses, angelica, carduus benedictus, red poppies, and purslane. The Compound with their virtues follow.  

Anise-seed-water.  
It's good for those troubled with wind, and for a cold stomach, and taken in time, may prevent surfeits by flesh or fruit.   

Aqua vitae, or rather spirit of wine.  
The first may be used in the foresaid affects, the latter hath a great heating quality, and dries much. It attenuates, incides, and discusseth wind, therefore profitable in the colic, for cold distempers which vehemently oppress the stomach, liver and other parts. This keeps every thing from corrupting, it helps concoction, frees from crudities, refresheth the vital spirits, dries up humidities that oppress the brain, quickens the understanding, helps the sight, and repairs the memory. It's excellent in all ulcers, fistulas, gangrenes, and wounds of the head, although in the brain. It's good in Convulsions from fullness, as also in palsies, and in both admirable. It's good to generate hair.   

Cinamon-water distilled, without wine.  
It may be given in pestilent fevers, to women in labour to hasten the birth, and drive forth the secundine. It strengthens the liver, stomach, heart, lungs, spleen, brain, and sinews, quickens the sight, is profitable in venom and venomous bites and diseases, it procures the courses, removes loathing and vomiting, discusseth wind, and refresheth the vital faculty.   

Aqua Mirabilis.  
It's usually distilled in a limbeck, but I have known it distilled from an ordinary cold still, and so received into three several glasses, each water differing in strength, and hath been effectual in the effects following. It helpeth the pain in the stomach, it cleanseth the lungs being wounded, it helpeth them, it suffereth not the blood to putrefy, nor phlegm to have dominion over nature, it mightily conduceth in rheumatic distempers, depresseth melancholy, conserveth memory, helps the palsy, makes a good colour, and conserveth youth in his perfect state, is admirably good in fevers, and at point of death: of all waters artificial, there's none better. It's to be taken once in the week in the morning fasting, three or four spoonfuls at a time with some sugar, or at any time when one is not well. It somewhat differs from that in the dispensatory, for to the species is added melilotʒ j to the juice, as much severally of the juice of mints and balm.   

Worm-wood-water.  
It's excellent good for cold stomaches, helps digestion, kills worms in the belly, easeth pains in the head and teeth, provokes appetite, and consumeth and breaks wind admirably; and is cordial.   

Angelica-water.  
It's an excellent preservative against the plague, or any infectious air, comforteth the heart, and cheereth the vital spirits.   

Juice of Barberries.  
It cools, moistens and binds, stirs up appetite, strengthens the stomach and liver, is in common use in diseases, where cooling and binding are needful, as in diarrhaea, dysenteria, etc.   

Juice of Citrons.  
It's good against venom, resists putrefaction and malign diseases, drives out the worms, and is diaphoretic; it cools the blood, strengthens the heart, and mitigates the violent heat in fevers.   

Juice of Pomegranates.  
It's convenient for the stomach, good in all fevers, in gonorrhoea, long, corrects putrefaction, is cardiack, and cephalick, and is used primarily in swoonings, and vertigoes, etc.   

Juice of Sloes.  
It's excellent in fluxes of the belly, strengtheneth the stomach, heateth exulcerations of the intestines, either used in glisters, or eaten in a jelly, Dose from ʒ i to ʒ two. the decoction is better.   

Juice of Lemons.  
It's cordial, excellent against the scurvy, opens obstructions, reforceth nature, bridles the heat in fevers, is excellent in cordials and juleps.   

Juice of Liquorish.  
It smootheth the throat and windpipe, cleanseth the reins and bladder, is good for the cough, helps expectoration, and strengthens the lungs.   

Vinegar of Roses.  
It hath the same virtue of the roses wherewith it's prepared.   

Wine-vineger.  
It's excellent to mix with fomentations, cataplasms, to discuss, only take heed the parts to which its applied be not excoriated, and good in gargarisms.    

The sixth CLASSIS contains Syrups, which with their virtues are as followeth.  

Syrup of Sorrel.  
It's profitable in burning, malign, and pestilential fevers, helps wonderfully the inflammation of the stomach, respects it, and the heart, quencheth thirst, cures the hiccough begot from a choleric humour.   

Syrup of unripe Currents.  
It's cold in the third, attenuates, incides and prepares choler, impacted in the liver and stomach, strengthens it, and stirs up appetite, stays vomiting, assuageth thirst, but hurts the womb.   

Syrup of Barberries. See the juice of Citrons.  
Vide juice also of Pomegranates, lemons; for the syrup of the juice of bugloss, see the herb.   

Syrup of Quinces.  
It's cold in the second, is profitable in all fluxes, strengtheneth the natural parts, therefore helps in diarrhea and dysenteria, stirs up the appetite, removes loathing and vomiting, bridles the hot distemper of the stomach, procures sleep, wonderfully prohibits biting vapours and exhalations from ascending to the head: stoppeth the immoderate flux of terms in women.   

Syrup of Liquorish.  
It concocts phlegm, especially respects the breast, facilitates spitting, cleanseth the lungs, removes the cough, when it draws its original from cold distillations.   

Syrup of Poppies.  
It thickens hot and thin humours, provokes sleep, extinguisheth thirst, represses the ascending of sharp and biting vapours to the brain; wherefore profitable in frenzies, immoderate watch, hot catarrhs, dry cough, to smooth the breast and windpipe, & provokes spittle, is profitable in burning and malign fevers, when the sick is infested with superfluous watch; it's good also in consumptions.   

Syrup of Roses.  
It's made of the infusion of roses fresh, it cools in the second, strengtheneth the stomach, head and heart, quencheth thirst, profits chief in bilious fevers, removes putrid malignity, stays all fluxes arising from hotness, and strengthens the natural faculty.   

Syrup of dried Roses.  
It temperates hot humours, strengthens the stomach and guts, bridles fluxes arising from heat, therefore profitable in bilious diarrheas, dysenteries, stops all fluxes of blood, whence ever they flow, and doth excellently familiarize with the natural and animal faculties, stays vomiting, strengthens the heart, and comforts the spirits. Of this Syrup with the syrups of violets, jujubes, and poppies in equal parts, is made a gallant syrup to stay fluxions and cough, taking a spoonful at a time.   

Syrup of Violets.  
This is made, either of the simple infusion, or rather the juice, although more chargeable, they cool and moisten in the second, profits in fevers and hot distillations, thickens thin and hot humours, removes thirst, resists malign quality, smooths the windpipe and breast, respects the heart, and brain, strengthens the natural and animal faculty, facilitates spittle, moves sleep, concocts choler, humects dry and squalid bodies, therefore excellent in hectic, it comforts hot stomaches exceedingly, and cools the liver.   

Syrup of the five roots.  
It's usually given almost in all cold affects, in asthma, difficulty of breathing, palsy, convulsion, from fullness, is profitable against obstructions, provokes urine, its excellent given in vomits.   

Oxymel Simpl.  
It's made of four parts of water, two of honey, and one of vinegar; heats in the second. It powerfully heats, attenuates, digests, cleanseth and resolves both cross and tough matter, is given in long fevers, bastard tertians, and quotidians, cleanseth the palate and throat, and hath a consent with the stomach, and strengthens it; it's a good Preparative for a vomit, and is also good in cataplasms.   

Oxymel. Scilitic.  
Hot in the second, powerfully attenuates, and incides cold and thick humours, although impacted in the depths of the body, respects the head and stomach, which parts it roborates, helpful in suppurating pleurisies, provokes cough vehemently, and therefore breaks the aposteme, Yet it's to be mixed with other expectoraters; it helps sour belchings.    

The Seventh CLASSIS.  

Roots of French Mallows.  
They mollify, lose, digest, ease pain, ripen tumours, mitigate and correct sharpness, used especially in affects of the bladder, breast, pleurisy, stone, help bloody fluxes and griping in the belly, being bruised, boiled in milk, and drunk, their use is admirable in cataplasms and glisters. They are in quality as mallows, which are good in affects of the lungs, bladder, guts, womb, as consumptions, cough, stone, erosion of the bladder and guts, and hardness of the womb, and resist poison. By what hath been said, you may perceive in what cases their syrups are useful; meanly hot.   

Angelica.  
They are a most noble Bezoartick, and cordial, they open, attenuate, provoke sweat, are vulnerary, move the courses, good against the mother and malign diseases, help venom and plague, drive forth all venom by sweat, they are good in putrid ulcers, and venomous bites. Dose ʒs. in the morning, if it be inwardly taken, hot and dry in the third.   

Birthwort long, and round.  
They are both proper for the liver, head, and especially the lungs, they attenuate, open, hence profitable to resolve and expectorate tough humours, to move the courses, break inward tumors, and discuss venom; the long is used for the drying scabs, and outwardly in decoction, for the drying and cleansing of wounds and ulcers; the round is of thinner parts, than the longer, and therefore more efficacious, especially in moving speedily the course, and as speedily removing both birth and afterbirth; its good also in ruptures, convulsions, and hardness of the spleen, hot and dry in the third.   

Bistort.  
They are very astringent, alexipharmick and sudorific, used especially in staying vomiting, in preventing abortion; they resist the plague and poison, help ruptures and bruises, stay fluxes, and immoderate flowing of the courses, ʒs. taken at a time. Outwardly its good in drying catarrhs, staying fluxes of blood in wounds, etc. is excellent in vulnerary passions and in injections for ulcers, cold and dry in the third.   

Bryony.  
They purge strongly, serous and pituitous humours, are proper for the spleen, womb and liver, opening their obstructions, they draw forth dropsey-water by vomit and stool, move the courses, cast out the birth, admirably bridle the mother, free from asthma, good for the gout, used either inwardly or outwardly, its excellent in scrophulas, called Kings evil, for which take this roots receipt. Take of this root well washed and beaten lbs, cut them in small pieces, boil them in lb iii. of oil-olives till it be wasted, then strain it, and to the straining add turpentine, lbs andʒ iiij. of wax, and removing the vessel from the fire, make an unguent, which is excellent.   

Avens.  
It's proper for the head, and is cordial, used peculiarly in vertigoes, falling sickness, and other affects of the head and nerves, in swooning and beating of the heart, expels worms, easeth birth, outwardly it easeth pain of the head and teeth, draweth forth bones, and good in wounds of the head, are moderately hot and dry, and to be gathered in March.   

Onions.  
They open, incide, cleanse, of thick parts, therefore windy, used peculiarly in tartarous humours of the lungs, to cut and expel them; if boiled in honey and eaten, they being infused move urine and courses, and expel worms, outwardly they ripen and break tumors, being roasted and applied, and if mithridate or theriac added, are excellent in pestilential tumors, being beaten raw, they cure the biting of mad dogs; and if a little salt be added, are excellent in burns and scalds: hot and dry in the fourth; naught for choleric people, they are better physic than food.   

Succory.  
They are proper for the liver, do attenuate and provoke urine, also cleanse, their special use is in obstructions of the liver, and in fevers, cold and dry in the second.   

Comfry.  
They are vulnerary, obtund the acrimony of humours, as also incide. They are especially used in all fluxes of the belly; in erosion of the lungs, ruptures, broken veins and bones, stopping courses; outwardly they heal wounds, and stay their bleeding, are good in fractures and ruptures; they will join two pieces of meat together, if boiled with it. They are cold, yet pretty temperate.   

Showbread.  
They powerfully incide, open cleanse, and is an errhine; they are used properly in obstruction of the terms, in expelling dead birth; in jaundice, in expelling the stone, discussing strumas and tubercles, beware of using them inward; hot and dry in the third, gather them in the fall.   

Elecampane.  
It cleanseth, discusseth, openeth, is proper to the lungs and stomach, and is alexipharmick, sudorific, is used peculiarly in the attenuating and drawing forth tartarous humours in the lungs and reins, hence used in cough, tyssicks, and crudities of the stomach, and frees the ureters: also in the plague, contagious diseases, and scabs, itch, in ointments, helps also rapture, and provokes ♀. Hot and dry in the third.   

Eringo or Sea-holly.  
It's hepatick, nephritick, and alexipharmick, opens, discusseth, used especially in stopping of the courses, urine, liver, bladder, gall, and spleen: hence good in the jaundice, colic, they increase seed, etc. they help scrophuiaes. Temperately hot and dry, and are to be gathered, the Sun existent in Cancer.   

Fenel.  
Opens, resolves, discusseth, is diuretic, carminative, and bechical, roborates the stomach, increaseth milk, comforts the sight, lenifieth the windpipe, provokes the courses, strengthens the liver, is good against dropseys, discusseth wind and humours speedily, and ℥ iiii. of the juice of the roots drunk with sugar, fasting for ten days, being in bed covered, cures long agues, as quotidians, quartanes, etc. Hot and dry.   

Gentian.  
It's alexipharmick, opens, and attenuates, is used especially in the plague, and other venomous effects. In obstructions of the liver, spleen, etc. hence good in dropsy, mothet, weakness of the stomach, in worms, fevers, biting of mad dogs, procures the courses. Outwardly used in wounds to open them, also to open issues closing up or new made, it's of excellent use in intermitting fevers, in which ʒ j or ℈ iiii. is to be given before the fit. If toʒ ij of it you add the like quantities of bayberries, long pepper and saffron, and infuse them in whitewine a quart, you have a gallant medicine to procure the courses; if drunk for five days, being so many before the accustomed time.   

Swallow-wort.  
It heats and dries moderately, attenuates, and is a notable alexipharmick and sudorific. It's specially used in the plague and other venomous effects, in obstruction of the courses, beating of the heart, faintings, and dropsy. Outwardly in sordid and malign ulcers, to venomous stings, and ulcers in the paps: Inwardly, Dose ʒ j excellent in curing the rapture.   

Orris.  
It incides, attenuates, expectorates, cleanseth, and mollifieth, used especially in tough humours of the lungs, cough, asthma, obstruction of the terms, pains in Infants bellies, resisteth poison, and are good in dropseys; outwardly, cleanseth the skins from spots, mends the stinking of the mouth, and is good in ulcers. To lbs. of this, add of storax and benjamin, eachʒ two. and make it into a powder. It's most delightful to the smell, and dries and strengtheneth the brain. Hot and dry in the second.   

White lilies.  
Cleanse, digest, mollify, and especially ripen and ease pain in tumors, good to be applied to corns and burns.   

Parsley.  
Heats and dries, 1. Attenuates, extergeth, is diaphoretic, hepatick, etc. used specially in obstructions of the lungs, liver, spleen, reins and bladder; hence good in coughs, jaundice▪ stone, courses, asthma, etc. Outwardly, resolves hot humours, hinders the falling of hair, and diminisheth milk.   

Pimpernel.  
It's sudorific, attenuates, opens, abstergeth, is good against the stone, is a good vulnerary, used specially in preventing and curing venomous diseases, in opening stops of the liver, kidneys, lungs, and womb; is good in the stone, gravel, strangury, colic, cough, asthma, and inflammation of the lungs, crudities and weakness of the stomach, and in the French pox. Outwardly, in pains of the teeth, to ripen buboes, increase milk, cleanse the spots of the face and cancerous ulcers, and consolidates wounds both old and new.   

Plantain.  
It's hepatick and vulnerary, used especially in all kinds of fluxes, in which its gallant, as fluxes of the belly, spitting blood, gonorrhoea, pissing a-bed, immoderate courses, is good in the jaundice, ulcers of the reins and kidneys; one bit of it eaten, stays pains of the head to admiration. Outwardly, it cleanseth and consolidateth inveterate wounds, and ulcers. Cold and dry in the second.   

Polipody or Oak-fearne.  
It draws forth burnt choler, melancholy, and tough phlegm; hence most profitable in stops of mesentery, liver, and spleen, therefore used in hypochondriack affects, scurvy, yet seldom given alone; it's very familiar to our nature, helps quartanes, hemorrhoids, is good in French pox, and pain of the joints, takes away all swell in hands, feet, knees and joints, also stitches and pains in the side and rickets; it's to be corrected with a few anise-seed, and being bruised, is to be boiled in white-wine till half be wasted.   

Squills.  
They attenuate, absterge, discuss, resist putrefaction; for further, see the vinegar and oxymel. Outwardly, they are good in ulcers of the head and kibes, being infused in oil. Hot and dry in the second.   

Tormentill.  
Without signal heat, astringeth, is vulnerary, diaphoretic, and alexipharmick, used especially in the plague, and other malign diseases, especially when associated with fluxes of the belly; it's also good in pestilences, dry catarrhs, in French pox, in venom, in vomiting, and in wounds, and ulcers.    

The Eighth CLASSIS are Herbs.  

Common and Roman wormwood.  
This first especially respecteth the stomach, is proper for the liver and spleen. It attenuates, astringeth, opens, and is bitter, hence kills, draws forth choler, discusseth, helps surfeits, resists poison, cleanseth the blood, is good in fevers, especially tertians. Outwardly, it comforts the stomach, sharpens hearing, is good in gangrenes, and to discuss tumors. A Ms. of this with the like quantity of agrimony and centaury boiled in water, lb j to lbs, and drunk for three mornings together, with a little sugar, is made a gallant decoction, which procures appetite, easeth pain, cleanseth the stomach of phlegm, and expels wind.  
The second doth more astringe, incide, discuss, and resist putrefaction, draweth forth choler by urine, therefore good in all affects of the liver, gall, stomach, pain of the belly and womb, and stays vomiting in Infants. Of its salt ℈ j in a spoonful of juice of lemons, stays vomiting gallantly, although in a malign fever.   

Agrimony.  
It's a most noble hepatick, as splenitick and vulnerary, it opens, digests, roberates, is excellent in all diseases arising from the liver, as dropsey, cachexia, etc. outwardly, it's used in fomentations, and lotions, etc. for wounds and ulcers. Hot and dry in the second.   

Lady's mantle.  
It's a gallant vulnerary, consolidates, binds, and cleanseth, thickens blood, stops excessive courses, stays vomiting, and the whites in women, it's very profitable in those subject to miscarry through cold and moisture; outwardly, it helps wounds, reduceth women's breasts that hang flagging, heals bruises and ruptures.   

Jack of the hedge, or sauce alone.  
It's profitably boiled in asthmas, the seed is good in coughs, the juice in malign fevers. Outwardly, the juice or seed powdered provokes neezing, stirs up the epilepsy and lethargy, the seed made into an emplaster with vinegar, is good in the mother, the leaves boiled in glisters, are good in the colic or stone, being beaten and applied, may cure noli me tangere; the juice is excellent in malign ulcers, (it may be a substitute for scordium) in cataplasms for gangrenes, and other putrid, sordid ulcers, it cleanseth and resists putrefaction; it's to be gathered either the latter end of April, or beginning of May; after dry it in the shade for a day, then shred it, and press out the juice, which may be kept two or three years, if put in a vessel with oil. Hot and dry in the fourth.   

Althaea or Marshmallows; See the root.  
Both are better, the syrup made with its juice is excellent in the stone.   

Betony.  
It discusseth, attenuates, opens, cleanseth, is specially proper for the head, also liver, spleen, breast, womb, is vulnerary, it helps the epilepsy, all headaches, from cold, cleanseth the breast and lungs, opens stops of liver and spleen, good in the rickets, procures appetite, helps sour belchings, provokes urine, breaks the stone, helps cramps and convulsions, resists poison, helps pox out, and such as piss blood, kills worms, helps bruises, and cleanseth women after labour. Dose ʒ j in white-wine. Outwardly, its good in plasters, injections, etc.   

Carduus benedictus.  
It's an herb much used in posset-drink, and not in vain in Agues; its cardiack, alexipharmick and sudorific, it attenuates, discusseth and opens, resists venom and putrefaction, cureth inveterate fevers and quartanes, is good in vertigo, deafness, strengthens the memory, helps gripping pains in the belly, kills worms, provokes sweat, expels poison, helps inflammation of the liver, good in plague and French pox. Outwardly applied, ripens plague-sores, and helps hot swelling, the bitings of mad dogs, venomous beasts, and foul filthy ulcers.   

Centaury.  
It's proper to the spleen and liver, it gently binds, cleanseth, opens, and is vulnerary. It draws out very gently bilious and pituitous humours by the belly, and serosities by the pores in the skin; hence profitable in fevers, jaundices, suppression of the courses, scurvy, gout, worms, green sickness, and bites of mad dogs. Outwardly, its excellent in wounds, ulcers, gangrenes, etc.   

Knotgrass.  
It's astringent and vulnerary; its special use is in staying all fluxes, whether of blood, or otherwise, coming by spittle, vomiting or stool, good in gonorrhoea, weakness of the back and joints, inflammation in the privities. Outwardly, its profitable in wounds, ulcers, inflammation of the eyes, and tumours of the paps.   

Cuscuta.  
It's specially proper for the spleen, and hepatick, cleanstth, opens, corrects melancholy humours, is profitable in scabs, black jaundice, and obstructions of the liver and spleen. Hot in the first, dry in the second.   

Dittany of Crect.  
It's proper for the womb, its alexipharmick, heats and dries, attenuates, cleanseth and openeth, used especially in obstructions of the courses, in hastening the birth, also in venomous bitings, and drawing forth extraneous bodies, from wounds by gunshot, etc. Hot and dry.   

Horse-tail.  
It's vulnerary, thickens, and binds, used primarily in staying hemorrhoids, in ulcers, wounds, reins and bladder. Cold, and dry in the second.   

Eye-bright.  
It's proper for inflammation of the eyes, and is cephalick, used especially in suffusions of the eyes, restoring sight, in which its admirable. Dose, ʒ j it also helps the memory.   

Fumitory.  
It's safely given in fevers, especially arising from phlegm, and melancholy; its proper to the spleen, and liver, attenuates, purgeth by degrees, serous, bilious, and adust humours, frees the bowels, and strengthens them, purifies the blood, is used especially in the scurvy, and other mesenteriack, and splenetic diseases, as the jaundice, scabs of all kinds, and admirably easeth melancholy affects, and is good in the rickets. Remember that this and all opening things are to be boiled in white-wine.   

St. Johnswort.  
It's vulnerary, and diuretic, used especially in cleansing, and healing wounds, in resolving coagulated blood, breaking the stone, expelling worms, in contusions, especially of the nerves, in tremble, and to hasten birth. It helps spitting and vomiting blood, provokes the courses, and is good in aches of the joints. Hot and dry.   

Marjarom.  
Hot and dry, digests, attenuates, used especially in affects of the head, and nerves; hence proper for the womb and stomach, made in pessary, moves the courses, in errhines, etc. strengtheneth the brain. Hot and dry.   

Balm.  
It's cordial, heats, and attenuates, therefore provokes sweat, easeth the breast and windpipe, concocts phlegm, strengthens the heart, therefore profitable in swoonings, quotidian fevers, and in cold distempers of the heart, strengtheneth the brain, restores lost memory, and is profitable in all melancholy affects. Outwardly, with salt it helps scrophulas, biting of mad dogs, and venomous beasts. Hot and dry.   

Mints.  
Used especially in weakness of the stomach, crudities, hiccough, vomiting, wind, obstruction of the bowels, helps pain in the head, digestion, vertigo, hinders curdling of milk. Outwardly, it strengthens the stomach, and is good in the colic, hardness of the paps, biting of mad dogs, and in sore heads of children. Hot and dry in the third.   

Mercury.  
It cleanseth, moveth the belly, purgeth bile, and water. Outwardly used to vulva, draws forth the secundine, mollifies tumors, is excellent in glisters. It's given to children in pap to loosen the belly, and prevent gripe. Hot and dry in the first.   

Nep.  
It attenuates, opens, used especially in affects of the womb, with obstructions, barrenness, driving forth the birth, also in cutting phlegm in the lungs, and in wound drinks. Hot and dry in the third.   

Origanum.  
It opens, cleanseth, used primarily in stops of the lungs, liver, and womb, hence good in coughs, provokes urine, and courses. Outwardly, is good against venomous bites, scabs, itch. Hot and dry in the third.   

Plantain.  
Amongst coolers and thickeners, this is second to none. It represseth all fluxes, it hath a consent with the kidneys, in which, as in the whole body, it bridles choler, and removes hot distemper, the decoction, or juice prevails marvellously, in tormenting excoriations of the guts in bloody flux, stops the courses and spitting blood, helps the consumption of the lungs, kidneys, and gonorrhoea, Also whites of women, pain in the head and frenzies. Outwardly, its profitable in ulcers, especially from the liver, clears the sight, taketh away inflammations, scabs, itch, shingles, and all spreading sores.   

.  
It's vulnerary and consolidates, used especially in wounds of the lungs, and in coagulated blood, helps the rickets and stopping of the liver. Outwardly, its excellent in curing wounds and ulcers, excellent also for squinseys, and affects of the mouth, in gargarisms. Bugle is of the same virtue. Hot and dry.   

Red beets.  
Cools and dries, astringeth, consolidates, is vulnerary, both inwardly and outwardly used.   

Rue.  
It incides, attenuates, digests, discusseth, is alexipharmick, cephalick, and nervine, used in various diseases, as plague, all malign affects, both to preserve and cure, it is excellent against poison, sharpens sight, represseth lust, cureth the pleurisy, corrects a weak stomach, helps the colic, difficulty of breathing, inflammation of the yard, and womb; outwardly, is good in venomous bites, carbuncles, to bridle the fits of fevers, by anointing the back, good in pains of the head, epilepsy, etc. hot and dry in the third.   

Sage.  
It's diuretic, moves the courses, causeth fruitfulness, excellent to strengthen the brain, senses and memory, helps spitting and vomiting blood, is good in palsies, vertigo, trembling, and catarrhs. Outwardly, in cancer of the mouth, and applied to the side with vinegar, helps stitches.   

Sanacle.  
It's a gallant vulnerary, used in healing wounds, ulcers, fistulas, ruptures and erosions. Hot and dry.   

Scabious.  
It cleanseth, attenuateth, discusseth, is sudorific, alexipharmick, and pulmonick, used especially in apostemes, pleurisies, quinseys, cough, asthma, plague, fistulas, or old ulcers of paps, and thighs; outwardly in scabs, itch, ringworms, ulcers, of the head, in spots and bruises of the face, and pain of the hemorrhoids, the roots of that with purple flowers, is as forcible in lieu Venerea as sarsaparilla.   

Scordium.  
Cleanseth, attenuates, incideth, resists putrefaction, is alexipharmick and sudorific, used especially in the plague, pestilent diseases and malign fevers, both to cure and preserve; it provokes urine and courses, opens obstructions of liver, spleen, reins, bladder, and womb. Outwardly, it is good in gangrenes, wounds, ulcers, etc.   

Purslane.  
It's profitable in spitting of blood, and all hemorrhoids, in burning fevers, erysipelas, pains of the mouth of the stomach, rising from choler, kills and expels worms, is good in the heat of urine, and scurvy; a syrup made of the equal parts of the juice of this and sorrel restores lost taste, Note. cleanseth the tongue, as also the stomach from putrid humours, provokes appetite, quencheth thirst, procures sleep, and is of excellent use in pestilent fevers.    

The Ninth CLASSIS. FLOWERS.  

Tops and Flowers of Dil.  
They digest, discuss, maturate, ease pain, increase milk, provoke sleep and urine, decrease venery, help hiccough and vomit, fits of the mother. Outwardly, used in glisters, catapl. oils and ointments, to ease pain, and discuss wind, and tumors.   

Betony flowers. See the Herb. borage and bugloss.  
They correct the blood, hinder putrid malignity, heal the hot distempers of the bowels, cheer and strengthen the brain and heart, remove affects of the skin, are profitable in melancholy diseases. Cold.   

Chamomel.  
They digest, loosen, mollify, mitigate pain, move courses, and urine, and are excellent in the colic, and stone. Outwardly, used in cataplasms, etc. to mollify, ease pain and ripen. Hot and dry.   

Pomegranates.  
They bind, cool, thicken; therefore good in all fluxes, as diarrhea, dysentery, whites, stop blood in wounds, mend looseness of the gums, and cure ruptures.   

Melilot.  
They mollify, discuss, mitigate pain. Outwardly used in tumors, pains, redness of the eyes, in glisters, heal wounds.   

Primrose, and Cowslips.  
They gently heat, strongly dry, are anodyne, used specially in affects of the head, as epilepsey, apoplexy, palsy, in pain of the joints, procure sleep, the latter specially. Outwardly, good in the gout, venomous bites. The vinegar made of them drawn into the nose, wonderfully helps toothache. The juice of the roots of Primrose, snuffed up into the nose in the full of the Moon, and after eat the roots of peony boiled in sugar and butter, a round slice at a time in a morning, hath cured the falling sickness in divers.   

Elder.  
They discuss, mollify, resolve, are sudorific, and anodyne, used inwardly to help the dropsy, cleanse the blood, to open obstruction of the liver, and spleen; outwardly, used in burns, erysipelas, colics, etc.   

Roses.  
Are cold and dry, astringent and cordial, thicken, and temper thin humours, and from the alexipharmick quality, resist venom, bridle putrefaction, strengthen the heart, brain, and stomach, are good in malign fevers; used outwardly in headache, watching, vomiting, pain of the ears, inflammations and ulcers of the mouth.   

Mullon.  
Heareth moderately and drieth, mollifieth, discusseth, easeth pain, used especially in diseases of the breast, cough, spitting blood, gripe of the belly; outwardly, admirable in easing all pains, specially in affects and tumors of the fundament.   

Marigolds.  
Are hepatick, and also thought to be cordial, they open, discuss, move the courses, and sweat, cure the jaundice, expel pox and measles, used as followeth. Boil three spoonfuls of them in clear possit-drink with three figs sliced, twelve citron-seeds, and a flake of saffron, tied up in a rag, after it's boiled well, drink of it every day till the danger be past; its excellent.    

The Tenth CLASSIS. SEEDS.  

Dill. See the Flowers. Aniseeds.  
Heats and dries, attenuates, discusseth, is diuretic, increaseth milk, good for wind in the stomach and guts, cough, dropsey, and headache. ℈ j new, and well powdered and scarc'ed, given to infants, Note. excellently purgeth away the green matter, which causeth gripe; it may be given in pap.   

Caroway.  
Hot and dry in the third, discusseth, attenuates, is good to expel wind in the stomach, is diuretic, increaseth milk, helps in colic, vertigo, etc.   

Coriander.  
Specially proper for the stomach, hence used in its looseness, eaten after meat, for they shut it, and suppress exhalation; wh●ch grieve the head, and procure belchings; they are to be prepared by steeping them in wine-vineger a night, and after dried.   

Cummin.  
Hot and dry in the third, attenuates, digesteth, discusseth wind, resolves profitably the colic, tympany, and vertigo, easeth pain, helps the biting of venomous beasts; outwardly, used in catapl. empl. foment. to discuss, etc.   

Quince.  
Cool and moist, its mucilage, easeth pain, and qualifies sharpness, used specially in dryness of the tongue, easeth the pains of the hemorrhoids in glisters, cures opthalmiaes, heals the chaps of the paps, and cures burns.   

Fenugreek.  
Mollifies, digests, maturates, discusseth, easeth pain, excellent in cataplasms, good in glisters, to mollify, remove sharpness and erosion of the guts, the decoction of them cures scabby heads: hot in the second, dry in the first. Linseed hath the like virtues.   

Barley.  
Cleanseth, opens, digests, mollifies, is diuretic and nutritive, excellent in decoctions. Outwardly, mitigates the headache, and remedies hot defluxion of the eyes.   

Plantain. See Root and Herb. Radish.  
Hot in the third, dry in the second, opens, attenuates, cleanseth, used specially in breaking and expelling the stone, moveth urine and courses, in obstructions of the liver and spleen, attenuates viscid phlegm in the stomach, helps to the distribution of the chyle, the roots are outwardly applied to the soles of the feet in fevers, as also to the eyes, also to remove pains of the head, accompanying malign fevers.   

Mustard.  
Hot and dry in the fourth, incides, draws, attenuates, rubifies; used specially to stir up appetite, move chylification, if you please, digestion, in affects of the hypochondries, also in quartanes, and quotidians, (given before the fit, ʒ j) in the stone. It purgeth the head, used outwardly for sinapismes, within to prevent sleepiness, opens tumors and ripens them.    

The Eleventh CLASSIS. FRUITS.  

Almonds sweet, and bitter.  
The sweet are nutritive, temperately hot and moist, qualify the sharpness of humours, as also pains and watch arising from acrimony: they are given especially in emulsions, unless there be pain in the head. The bitter are hot and dry in the second, open, absterge, are diuretic, help obstructions of the liver, spleen, mesentery, and womb. Outwardly, they remove morphew, and other spots, if chewed and anointed, and in a frontal, ease pain in the head.   

Bay-berries.  
Hot and dry in the third, do mollify and resolve, used especially to move courses, and urine, in affects of the nerves, in the palsy, colic, pains after birth, and in crudities of the stomach; outwardly, in emplasters, cataplasms, to resolve and ease pain.   

Acorn-cups.  
They cool, dry, astringe, are used in fluxes of the belly, womb, seed; outwardly, in pain of the teeth, and flux of the womb, etc.   

Figs.  
Hot in the second, the new are more moderate, both of them moisten, are proper for the lungs, and are good in gravel of kidneys and bladder, resist venom, drive out the pox and measles; they ripen, mollify, and draw, hence help pestilential buboes, good toasted, and eaten by women near the time of birth to facilitate it; they are also, being steeped in spirit of wine, good for a cough, excellently used both inwardly and outwardly, helping the tumours of the tonsils, or almonds of the ears.   

Preserved cherries.  
They strengthen the stomach, and heart, profitable to mitigate heat and thirst in fevers, good in affects of the sides, also in affects of the head, as apoplexy, palsy, and epilepsy, especially the black, excellent to administer pills in, the stones being taken out.   

Quinces.  
Cold in the first, dry in the second, proper for the stomach, astringe nourish, used specially in vomitings, fluxes of the belly, hiccough, and looseness of the stomach; if taken before meat, they bind, if after, supposed to lose.   

Acorns. See the Cups. Lupine.  
Easeth the pain of the spleen, kills worms, and casts them forth. Outwardly, excellent in lixivium and poultices for gangrenes, they cleanse filthy ulcers, help scabs, itch and inflammations.   

Oranges.  
The same virtue with citrons, only weaker▪ the skins are excellent, being powdered, in colic and green sickness, yea, to remove fevers, if they sweat. Dose from ℈ j to ʒ j Take a crab orange, and make it full of holes, after strain out the juice, and with it mix a little Theriac. Andromac. saffron, and vinegar, and put it in again, and roast it under the ashes, then strain it forth. It will be excellent to kill worms in infants; if put upon the naval and left on. Qualifies the heat of the heart, if the region of that part be anointed; provokes sleep, the temples anointed therewith.   

Pomegranates.  
They are convenient for the stomach, nourish little, the sweet ones are good in long coughs. The skin or pills are excellent in all fluxes.   

Myrtle-berrie.  
Quencheth thirst, mitigates inflammation of fluxes, helps the laxeness of the joints, and broken bones, used in falling forth of the womb and fundament, removes tinea, dandruff, etc.   

Cypress nuts.  
They are especially used in hemor. rhoids, diarrhea, dysenteria's, pissing in bed, and curing ruptures; a little hot and dry in the third.   

Pediculi Rosarium.  
Some call rose-seed, they grow up in the middle of the roses on little strings, as it were, are of the same quality with the roses.   

Currants, and Raisins.  
They lenify, lose the belly, qualify sharpness, are grateful to the tongue, lungs and liver, and mitigate the cough; the first is usually boiled in water, and the decoction drunk in fevers.   

Elderberries.  
They purge serosities excellently, of them take lbs. being ripe, and lb j of Danewort-berries ripe, and press out the juice hard, after infuse them in four times as much white-wine, after they have stood for ten days, cast in ℥ j of cinnamon, boil them at a gentle fire till a pound be wasted, after strain it and keep it. ℥ j of the wine drunk in the morning, dissolves the wind and humours in dropseys, and casts them out by stool, assuages the belly, and mitigates thirst.   

Prunes.  
They are cold and moist, if new, crude; they mollify the belly, specially after meat, but they easily corrupt▪ therefore moderately to be used: those of Damascus are more fit, they mitigate sharpness, quench thirst, and are good in fevers.    

The Twelfth CLASSIS. OILS.  

Oil of sweet, and bitter Almonds.  
The sweet lenifies, maturates, and is anodyne, used principally in the cough with sugar candy; in pains caused by the stone and colic, drunk to ℥ ij. with manna, or syr. de althaea. Given to children new borne, prevents torments in the belly, with penidies, as also torments after birth; if it be used inwardly, let it be new drawn. The bitter opens obstructions of liver, and spleen, helps such as are deaf, helps the hardness of the sinews, and takes away spots in the face.   

Oil of Dill.  
It's discussive, anodyne and comforting, it concocteth crude humours, easeth pain of the head, procures sleep, assuageth aches, strengthens the sinews, and is good in convulsions.   

Oil of Aniseeds.  
It chief operates upon the breast and lungs, it helps narrowness of the breast, rawness, and wind in the stomach, all infirmities there, coming of cold and wind, strengtheneth the sinews, six drops is enough at once, taken in broth, or other convenient liquor.   

Black balsom or of Tolu.  
It's hot and dry, digests, discusseth, moves sweat, is chief used inwardly in coughs, apostemes of the lungs, to break the stone, move urine, in immoderate flowing of the courses, as also the whites, and to expel the dead birth. Outwardly, it healeth wounds, discusseth rapture, mollifies hardened nervs and nodes, and is profitably used in plasters for the Rickets.   

Vigo's balsam.  
In wounds after digestion most excellent, its gallant in cramps of fullness, palsies, pain of the joints, fistulas, deafness, weakness of the sinews, etc.   

Oil of Caroway-seed.  
It's good in wind of the stomach or guts, as colic, also in vertigo, strengthens the stomach, provokes urine.   

Oil of Cloves.  
It strengthens the heart, brain, and all the vital spirits, helps concoction, is good in cold affects of the stomach, wastes all impurities, is most profitably used to the stomach in plasters, it sharpens the sight, and wonderfully helps the dysentery, and other affects of the guts.   

Oil of Chamomel.  
It discusseth, is excellent in contusions, strengthens the nerves, assuageth pain, good in weariness of the members, and in glisters is good for the colic and stone, of the same quality are the oils of linseed, nuts, and sesamuum.   

Oil of cinnamon.  
It's excellent good for such as are in consumptions, one drop is sufficient at once. It moves the courses, and expels the birth, cleanseth the face from spots, and stays cold catarrhs from the head to the breast.   

Oil of wax.  
It's excellent in swell, to assuage them, as also for ulcers, and is diuretic; Dose, inward gut. iij. iiij. 5. it's good in the gout, and cures all wounds, its gallant in chaps in women's paps, and elsewhere.   

Oil of Fenelseed.  
It cleanseth the brain of cold infirmities, lethargies, indisposition of the body, numbness, want of motion, also it helps the stomach, and expels wind.   

Oil of St. Johnswort.  
It's excellent in green wounds, easeth pain, and is good in affects of the nerves, or if wounded, is good in convulsions, cramps, burn, scaldings, sciatica, as also tumors in most parts.   

Oil of white lilies.  
It mollifies hard tumors, assuageth pain, easeth the heat of the kidneys, used in glisters to mollify and ease pain.   

Oil of earthworms.  
It comforts the cold nerves, is profitable in pains of the joints, is good in convulsions, cramps, as also for sinews wounded, it hath some consent with the glandulous parts, the small tumors, whereof it resolves, mollifies tumors, and is good in bruises.   

Oil of mastic.  
It comforts the stomach, liver and joints, easeth pain, helps hard tumors, stays vomiting and fluxes, and roborates the nerves, of the same nature are the oil of nardus, wormwood, only the last kills worms more powerfully, and discusseth wind.   

Oil of mints.  
It wonderfully strengthens the stomach, helps digestion, stays vomiting, procures appetite, resolves schirrus and hard tumors.   

Oil of Myrtles.  
It comforts the heart, stomach and intestines, stays vomitings, binds the flux of the b●lly, if with it the stomach or navel be anointed, it helps, concoction, and provokes appetite. The same virtue hath oil of quinces, and mastic wood.   

Oil of nutmegs.  
It's excellent in the colic, gut. ij. or iij is profitable in the tumour of the spleen, is good in dysentery, in any fit vehicle, strengtheneth the stomach and the bowels, its good in old ulcers, mixed with oil of chamomel.   

Oil of Olives.  
It heats and humects moderately, yet the older the hotter, it mollifies, digests, is vulnerary, looseth the belly, ℥ j taken in beer hot, corrects the dryness of the breast, mitigates the torments of the belly, looseth the urinary passages; outwardly, its excellent in glisters, hot tumors, burn, etc.   

Oil of Roses.  
It cools and strengthens, is good against hot tumors, strengthens the stomach, easeth pain of the head, removeth inflammation, and abates swelling; its good inwardly given in fluxes, to retund the acrimony of the humours.   

Oil of violets.  
It cools and increaseth, is anodine, cures all tumors arising from a hot cause, procures sleep, lenifies the breast and windpipe, temperates the heat of the reins, and is good for the hot distemper of the liver; it also easeth the pleurisy and pain of the breast.   

Oil of Scorpions.  
It heats, humects, mollifies, disobstructs, easeth cold pains, discusseth wind, provokes urine, and cures the suppression thereof, breaks the stone in the kidneys, and is profitable in the cold affects thereof, is a remedy in cold nerves, in glisters, is excellent for the colic, as also to provoke urine and discuss wind, anointed outwardly, it renders the passages more open, because it loosens and mollifies the parts.   

Oil of Turpentine.  
It's wondrous good in cold affects of the nerves, and all diseases coming of cold and wind, it corrects the cold affects of the lungs, as asthmas, difficulty of breathe, etc. it's good in the stone. Outwardly, it adorns the body, takes away the print of scabs and the small pox, chaps in the skin and breasts of women, and deafness, being dropped into the ear.   

Oil of yolk of eggs.  
It cleanseth ●he skin from tettar, ringworms, and helps it in other affects, begets hair, it easeth pain, is good in burn or scalds, profitable in malign ulcers, fistulas and chaps in any part of the body, of the same nature are oil of Tartar, oil of Elder, and of Wheat.   

Oil of Foxes.  
It greatly heats, attenuates and resolves cold matter, especially in the brain and nerves, which parts it wonderfully respects and strengthens, therefore is most profitable inconvulsions from fullness, palsy, sciatica, all kind of gout, strengthening the joints, of the same virtue are the oils of saffron, castory, bays, euphorbium, but this is more strong, and therefore to be used only in small quantity, and in contumacious affects.   

Oil of vitriol.  
It's of most intense heat, therefore not to be used inwardly alone, but mixed with other medicines in small quantity, viz. until they be sufferably tart, it's put to the hemorrhoids, when the pain is vehement; after it's applied, the water is to be washed with cold water, it hinders the spreading of ulcers, and lays a good foundation of healing; inwardly, it strengthens the stomach, resolves and attenuates crass humours, impacted in the coats thereof, helps in hiccough, and colic from cold, removes obstructions of the liver and spleen, bridles the putrefactions of burning, and malignity of pestilential fevers.   

Oil of brimstone.  
It's most efficacious to waste the humidities of the gums and teeth, fastening them and cleansing them from filth, cureth scabs, generates flesh, cleanseth fistulas, and ulcers of the mouth, it is most admirable in the cure of gangrenes. Inwardly, it helps all agues, given in proper vehicles, a little before the fit; the epilepsey, if given in the decoction of peony; the cough, if in the decoction of nettle seed or hyssop, the colic in aq. flor. chamomel, for stops of the spleen, and rickets in tamaris water, the worms in wormwood water, for fits of the mother, french pox, suppression of urine in fit waters, for pain of the teeth, if stopped with it.    

The Thirteenth CLASSIS. OINTMENTS.  

Unguent. Apostolorum.  
It is efficacious against wounds, and ulcers of difficult curation, as also fistulas, wastes corrupt and dead flesh, and restores it where it's wanting, it mollifies hardness.   

Unguent. Aegyptiacum.  
It vehemently heats, powerfully cleanseth filthy ulcers, and old fistulas, removes putrid flesh, and so helps chief putrid ulcers, specially those of the secret parts, it removes proud flesh, and is excellent in gangrenes, as also in all venomous wounds and gunshot; it's to be applied hot.   

Unguent. Aegyptiacum Hildani.  
It resists not only putrefaction, but temperates and lessens the malign vapours, which perpetually arise from the part possessed with the gangrene, and hurt the principal parts, it's the most excellent unguent to help gangrenes, separates the dead flesh from the living and good, and begets an eschar. It's this, Take vert-de-greece ℥ iiij. the best honey clarified, with the juice of wormwood, and scordium▪ ℥ wi. vinegar of squills ℥ vi. roach alum, sal ammoniack a ℥ j juices of rue, both scordiums, and jack of the hedge, curb ℥ iij. boil them ●o the consistence of honey, after add theriac optim. mithridate, each ℥ s. camphire. ℥ j   

Unguent. Album.  
It's cooling and drying, is good against ulcers, scabs and burns, as also in itchings, in wounds, excoriations and inflammations about wounds and ulcers.   

Unguent. Aureum.  
In delicate bodies it dries, concocts, and generates flesh, in more robust bodies it procures pus.   

Unguent. de minio Camphor.  
It's profitable in ill and old ulcers, draws on a cicatrice, and is powerful in glutinating and generating flesh, it's also good in defluxions.   

Unguent. Dialthaea.  
It heats, resolves, mollifies, humects, easeth pain, is excellent with oil of sweet almonds, in the pleurisy, ℥ s. of the oil, being mixed with ℥ j of the unguent. It also is good in stiffness, and pains in the joints.   

Unguent. Diapompholygos.  
It healeth old ulcers in any part of the body, specially if mixed with  alum, yea, venereal in the yard, if mixed with mercurius dulcis.   

Unguent. Nicotian.  
It's excellent in curing tumors, wounds of all sorts, scabs, itch, all stings, scaldings, burns, putrid ulcers, fistulas, redness of the face, headache, against all infirmities of the stomach, colic, iliack, worms, hemorrhoids, piles, and gout.   

Unguent. Nutritum.  
It's good for the shingles, excoriations and inflammations about wounds and ulcers, for any thin humour in any part of the body, also against any light scabbiness or itching humour, whence soever it proceeds; it's a good defensative against hot humours, flowing to any ulcer; when it separates, mix it again together.   

Unguent. Populcon.  
It vehemently cools and, moistens, is most profitable in provoking sleep, mitigates pains, easeth the heat by fire or hot water, it assuageth the heat of the head, and kidneys.   

Unguent. Rosarum.  
It strengthens the brain and stomach, for it cureth the hot distemper of these parts, and in a wonderful manner easeth their pains, from thence its profitable in all inward inflammations from hot defluxions, but espeaially of the kidneys, its excellent in erysipelas. In fevers its good to procure sleep, and cures galling, frettings, etc.   

Hildanus Ointment for Burnes.  
This is profitable from whatsoever matter the bourn or scald comes, yea, most excellent, specially before it blister. Take onions ℥ js. salt white, venice soap, each ℥ j mix them in a mortar, and make an oinoment with some oil of roses, and oil of sweet almonds.   

Lineament. Arcei.  
This is a gallant balsam, it cures wounds in all parts, and of all sorts, if not venomous. It's good also against burn and scaldings, but most excellent in wounds of the head.   

Unguent. Basilicon.  
It digests and maturates ulcers and tumors, breaks furuncles, its good in new wounds and ulcers, in the nervous parts and head. It's fitly mixed with Unguent. Aegyptias. or praecipitate, the more easily and better to cleanse an ulcer.   

Unguent. Martiatum Magnum.  
It resolves, heats and discusseth humours, contained in cold, specially, in nervous parts, and so easeth their pain; and is very profitable in all pains of the joints, french pox, iliack passion, is good in cramps, hardness and tumors, but above all for pains, if mixed with some proper chemical oil.   

Unguent. Ebulorum.  
It's excellent in all dropsy tumors; for if with it the belly and other parts be anointed, it resolves the wind and removes the tumour. It's excellent in pains of the joints and gout, arising either from a hot or cold cause. Take the juice of the roots of Danewort, ℥ ij. boil it with ℥ viij. of oil of chamomel, to the consumption of the juice, and with wax make an ointment; when you anoint mix with some a little vinegar or wine.   

Unguent. pro Scabie.  
It kills the itch, removes the scabs and pustles, whether from melancholy, or salt phlegm. Take turpentine washed in rose-water, butter washed in plantane-water, each ℥ ij. oil of roses, ℥ j juice of sour lemons, ℥ ij. two yolks of eggs, and quicksilver, ʒs stir them together, and make an ointment,   

Unguent. Potabile.  
It's excellent to consolidate the inward bowels, and so profitable in falls from on high, and therefore very precious. Take new butter without salt, lb iij. madder, castory, sperma ceti, tormentil. each ℥ j boil them in sufficient quantity of wine, till the wine be wasted, and make an ointment.    

The Fourteenth CLASSIS. FATS.  

Of Geese.  
It's more hot than hog's grease, therefore penetrates, and resolves more. It's good being cast into the fundament to hinder erosions, it removes alopecia, heals chaps in the lips; cures sounding in the ears, the cramp, and roughness of the nerves, it looseneth the belly of Infants, especially put on the navel, or applied to the belly.   

Of Beef.  
It's good in gnawing of the guts and tenesmus, helpful in the gout, and schirrous affects, and helps chaps in the lips.   

Of Capons and Hens.  
The first is more excellent, they have a heating, humecting, mollifying and easing quality, is fit in pains of the ears, chaps of the lips, and pustles of the eyelids, as also for pains.   

Of Deer.  
It's good in tumors, mollifies, helps wounds, easeth pain, and is good for chilblains and sore paps, mixed with oil of St. Johnswort.   

Goats.  
It discusseth most strongly, helps the gout, especially if mixed with saffron, and put to the navel, removes the strangury.   

Mans.  
It strengthens, discusseth, easeth pain, removeth contractions, smooths cicatrices and scars after pox, and is good for those limbs that fall away.   

Pork.  
It lenifies, easeth pain, is of common use to put in cataplasms, makes ointments, it is good against burns.   

Bears.  
It stays the falling of the hair, it heats, resolves, mollifies, and discusseth, is good in gouts, parotis and other tumors, and heals ulcers of the feet, being mixed with bulls grease and wax, in equal parts to make a plaster.    

The fifteenth CLASSIS. PLASTERS.  

Empl. Apostolicum.  
It heats, resolves, cleanseth, comforts and consolidates broken bones.   

Empl. Basilicum.  
It's excellent in all wounds, specially of the head, and nervous parts; it's this, Take betony plaster, ℥ iij. gum. elemni dissolved in oil of r●ses, ℥. j powder of roses, and myrtles; each ℥ j mastic, calamus aromaticus, roots of angelica, and avens, of each ℥ is. with sufficient oil of roses, and a little wax, make a plaster.   

Empl. Betonic.  
It's excellent in fractures of the scull, after it covers the bones with flesh, draws forth ossicles, as also filth from the bottom of deep ulcers, restores flesh lost, vehemently cleanseth, and the bafilic. is more powerful▪   

Emplast. Diapalma.  
It induceth a cicatrice, resolves, and together repercusseth, profitable in contusion in the first days, being dissolved in white-wine; as also in burns, if dissolved in oil of roses, and so heals chilblains; its good in pains and heat of the back, caused from the stone or gonorrhoea. It's a good defensative against venomous humours, very proper in pestilential sores after broken; its good in ruptures and fractures. That set down by Hildanus is more excellent, which is this, Take new hog's grease ℥ xii. oil of roses the most fragrant, and red lead, each ℥ xx. chalcitis burnt, but not to redness.  alum, eachʒ ij. Dear suet, ʒ iiij. mastic and olibanum finely powdered, eachʒ ij. make a plaster according to Art, and stir it with spatula of palm well, new got and juicy.   

Empl. Melilot. Simp.  
It's excellent in green wounds, it brings forth a cold tumour, & is most excellent in kibe-heels and chilblains, and mixed with gum, elemni, and ol. hyperic. is a gallant balsom, both in incised and intused wounds.   

Empl. Melilot. Comp.  
It heats, humects, mollifies, resolves tough humours, removes pain, is profitable in pleurifies, mollifies all hardnesses of the stomach, liver, spleen, bowels, and other parts, excellent in winds of the sides, and is good in the rickets.   

Empl. Mucilage.  
It ripens swell, and breaks them, cleansing them when broken, it heats, humects, and resolves tough and thick humours.   

Oxycroceum.  
It assuageth pain in the gout from cold causes, as also from all other cold aches, it draws forth vapours by the pores of the skin, and so unloadeth the part of vicious humours, it dissipates cold swell, is not good in fractures, unless at the very latter end, to comfort the part.   

Empl. ●ig●●. oxye●●●.  
Hildanus highly approves this, and far before the other, as having experienced it in fractures and dislocations, the symptoms being removed, it resolves, mollifies, and discusseth hardnesses, smootheth scars. He adviseth at the first in fractures to apply the following. Take the roots of comfry, of tormental, of bistort, each ℥ s. white bowl ℥ j pomegranate flowers, ʒ j cypress nuts, galls, red roses, eachʒ. ij. make of them all a very fine powder, with which mix ℥ uj of barley meal, of which powder take as much as is needful for the broken member, and make a cataplasm in a mortar or other vessel with posca, one egg, save the shell, and a little oil of roses, renew it every third or fourth day, till the symptoms be removed, and not to be feared; then apply either Vigoe empl. or the following. Take emplast. diapalm. Hild. ℥ vj. new wax ℥ ij. colophon, and gum. elem, each ℥ j dissolve them at a most gentle fire, after strew in the following powders, of comfry root, pomegranate flowers, cypress nuts, roses a. ʒ j mastic. olibanum, anʒij. mix them together, adding sufficient of oil of roses to make a cerate; in adults and lean, add to ℥ s. of the plaster asteocolla p. p. ʒ j as also every day, three hours before meat take of the same in broth.   

Paracelsus.  
It easeth pain, strengtheneth members, good in all wounds, is cautiously applied, and is helpful in all cold aches, and ulcers.   

Empl. Diachylon. Sim. comp. & cum gum.  
The first mollifies hardness of the liver, schirrus of the spleen, stomach and other parts, yea, mollifies strumaes, is excellent in sore breasts and nipples. The second is more effectual, ripens apostemes, mollifies hardness, resolves, digests, cleanseth sanies, cures phlegmons, and generates flesh. The third is most forceable to mollify all tumors.   

Empl. de Minio.  
It's a fine cooling, healing plaster, is good in wounds and ulcers, also easeth pains, and assuageth tumors.   

Empl. de Ran. Vig.  
It heals ulcers in the french pox, when mundified; removes those pains of the joints usual to that disease, mollifies scrophulaes, resolves hardness, removes corns, specially if triple quantity of quick silver be mixed.    

The Sixteenth CLASSIS. GUMS, etc.  

Ammoniacum.  
It's hot in the second, and dry in the first, mollifies, attenuates, resolves, digests, ripens, draws, moves the belly, is proper for the spleen; it's of special use in a●phritick pains, in resolving tough humours in the lungs, hence profitable in obstructions of the liver, spleen, womb and stone. Outwardly good in so●irrhus, nodes in the joints, scrofulous, and resolves hard tumors. Dose innardss from ℈ j to ʒ j   

Benjamine.  
Hot and dry in the second, incides, attenuates, is proper to the lungs, inwardly, its special use is in affects of the lungs, catarrhs, coughs, asthmaes; outwardly, in purging the brain by neezing, in the toothache is chewed, in cleansing pimples of the face.   

White waw and yellow.  
Their proper use is to be mixed with plasters, cerates, unguents, etc.   

Colophonia.  
It heats and dries, it's a kind of rosin, and retains its qualities, yet less penetrable, therefore it heats and dries, mollifies, glutinates, and is dissolved most fitly in plasters.   

Gum. Elemni.  
It's temperate, mollifies, digests, resolves, ripens, easeth pain, is good in affects of the head, and nerves, as also their wounds. It's profitable in bruises of the joints, and moves urine and courses.   

Euphorbium.  
It hath a notable quality to purge water from the whole body, but yet not without violence. It's good in palsies, gout, cramp, old ulcers, and is excellent in scaling bones that are foul.   

Mastic.  
Hot ane dry in the second, mollifies, strengthens the stomach, is used specially in vomiting, loathing, and flux in the belly. It dulls and corrects sharpness in purges, it represseth exhalations ascending from the stomach to the head; some grains swallowed after meat, strengthen the head and nerves; it helps spitting of blood and cough, mends an ill breath, draws phlegm from the brain, being chewed and swallowed cleanseth the stomach, ℥ s. boiled in three or four pound of water, is a gallant ordinary drink in diarrhea; outwardly, its excellent in plasters etc. for the stomach.   

Myrrh.  
Hot and dry in the second, opens, attenuates, maturates, discusseth and resists putrefaction, is used especially in obstructions of the womb, to expel the birth in the mucilage of the lungs and guts, hence helps coughs, hoarseness, squinancy, pleurisy, colic, worms, diarrhea, dysentery, as also the shaking in quartanes; outwardly, its profitable in wildfire, gangrenes, tumors, in old and new wounds, especially of the head and french pox. Dofe from ℈ s. to ℈ ij.   

Olibanum.  
Hot and dry in the first, used especially inwardly in affects of the head and breast, as also in fluxes of belly and wombc, for the cough swallowed at night, vomiting, spitting of blood, diarrhea and dysenteria, outwardly in a sum with amber, to strengthen the brain, to dry catarrhs. It fills ulcers with flesh, and produceth a cicatrice, glutinates wounds in the head, heals chilblains and kibes, mixed with hog's grease. It mitigates the pains of ulcers in any part, if beaten with milk into a lineament, specially if in the anus. Helps opthalmiaes and redness of the eyes with rose-water and women's milk, and is good in the beginning of warts and ringworms, being mixed with pitch aod vinegar. ʒ i. roasted in an apple, and with the apple eaten with sugar-candy, and drink ℥ iv. carduus-water after it, it being well covered in bed cures the pleurisy.   

Pitch.  
It's good in inward bruises, it heats, discusseth, mollifies, digests and is anodyne.   

Turpentine.  
Inwardly, it profits in coughs and affects of the lungs with honey; it moves urine and stool, is proper for the liver, spleen, reins, bladder, and helps expectoration, and helps a consumption in the beginning, draws forth the stone, is gallant in the gout, frees the womb from ill humours, is good in running of the reins, outwardly it moves pus, maturates and helps scabs.   

Styrax Calamit.  
It heats, dries, mollifies, concocts, is proper for the head and nerves, helps a cough, hoarseness, catarrhs, is excellent in hardness of the womb, either used inwardly or outwardly. It's mixed with cardiacks. It also moves the belly, if form into pills with turpentine.   

Gum. tragacanth.  
It's temperate, lenifies, obstructs the pores, mitigates sharpness, and thickens, is used specially in inveterate coughs, roughness of the wind pipe, hoarseness, and all distillations mixed with honey, is profitable in pains and erosions of the kidneys, and dysentery, in broth; outwardly its good in glisters, for the bloody flux, for redness and sharp rheums in the eyes, dissolved in milk, or rose-water, as also for the roughness of the eyelids.    

The Seventeenth CLASSIS. METALS, etc.  

Crude Antimony.  
It astringeth, dries, obstructs the pores of the body, wastes proud flesh, procures a cicatrite, cleanserh the filth of ulcers, and is good in ulcers of the eyes in▪ collyriums.   

Arsenic.  
It's used as a caustick, and mixed with other medicines in gangrenes; and to cauterize up the vessels after amputation.   

Alum crude, and burnt.  
The first is used properly outwardly, yet sometimes and oft by empirics, to remove agues both tertian and quartane, its good in the squinsey, looseness of the palate, putrefaction of the gums and phlegmatic tumours in the feet. The second is good for removing proud flesh, either in wounds or ulcers, and to hinder putrefaction, as also to procure a cicatrice.   

Ceruse.  
It cooleth, bindeth, drieth, is good in children's gallings, keepeth down spongious flesh, mixed with plantain water, is good in excoriations of the yard within the passage.   

Calx lota.  
It dries without bitings, therefore good in contumacious ulcers from the french pox, also in burns and other ulcers that do not easily admit cure.   

Crocus Martis.  
It's gallant in dysenteries, lienteria, gonorrhoea and the like, and outwardly it dries wounds and ulcers, Dose from ℈ s. to ℈ j   

Gypsum.  
It's restrictive, without burning, is very profitably used in unguents to cicatrice, as also in powders to stay outward fluxes of blood.   

Lapis Calaminaris.  
It dries gently, cleanseth, binds, fills ulcers with flesh, draws on a cicatrice, excellent in the eyes and excoriations in children.   

Lapis Causticus.  
It's used properly in opening tumors, and to make issues withal.   

Lapis medicamentosus Crollii.  
It removes all defluxions, heals ulcers and wounds, although inveterate, cures erysipelas, scabs, tinea and ringworms, is good in ophthalmiaes, cancers, burns, and ficus, one ounce of it is to be dissolved in rain or riverwater, lb j after filtrated, and used.   

Lapis sabulosus pp.  
It's good in agglutinating of broken bones, both given inwardly, and used in emplasters and cataplasms outwardly. It's prepared thus. Take of the stone, and grind it very fine in a marble-mortar with comfry water, Doseʒ j in broth, etc. to procure a callus. Or take of the stone thus prepared, ℥ i. cinnamon, ʒ iii. sugar, ℥ two. make a very fine powder. Doseʒ two. in broth.   

Lytharge of gold, and silver.  
They both bind, dry, and cool, heal ulcers, cleanse, and are sarcotick.   

Quicksilver.  
Inwardly it cleanseth the blood from defilements, especially from the french pox, drives forth worms, facilitates birth, and in iliaca passio, yet seldom given. Outwardly anointed, heals all kind of scabs, kills louse, resolves hard tumors; hanged about the neck preserves from the plague, and some say from witchery and enchantment.   

Sublimate.  
This is excellent good in the french pox, it's laxative, diuretic and vomitive, and an excellent corrosive medicine, it cleanseth venomous ulcers, heals malign pustles of the privy parts, mixed with unguents.   

Precipitate.  
It's excellent in ulcers to cleanse and remove proud flesh, especially if mixed with  alum, it may be used inward in the french pox, gout, jaundice, and other infirmities, its churlish, and need ●e well prepared, otherwise it may kill in stead of curing.   

Nihil prepared.  
It cools, dries and binds, is excellent in cancerous ulcers, and for ulcers, and inflammation of the eyes.   

Niter crude and prepared.  
Crude resists putrefaction, quencheth heat and thirst, cuts tartarous humours, resolves coagulated and grumous blood, and mitigates pain. The prepared is more powerful, and fit to be used.   

Burnt-lead.  
Is astringent, fills up wounds, eateth away their excrescences, stayeth the rheum in the eyes, is profitable against ulcers in the fundament, hemorrhoids, and other inflammations.   

Realger.  
It's a thing seldom in use, its caustick, and may with other medicines be mixed, to use after amputation.   

Seif. Album.  
It's used in affects of the eyes, as inflammation, ulcers, cancers, etc. in collyriums.   

Tutia prepared.  
It's of the same efficacy with Nihil. p. p. put especially in the eyes, it also induceth a cicatrice.   

Coporas' crude, and burnt.  
The crude, it heats, dries, astringeth vehemently, moves vomit, routs the worms. Outwardly it may be used in errhines, the  is used in emplasters, also eats away proud flesh, to stay outward fluxes of blood, as from the nose upon a wound, etc.    

The Eighteenth CLASSIS. MEALS.  

Of Bayberries.  
Hot and dry in the third, mollifies, resolves, used especially in moving the courses and urine, in affects of the nerves, palsy, colic, in pains after birth, and in crudities of the stomach; outwardly discusseth tumors, and is mixed with cataplasms and plasters.   

Beanes.  
It's emplaistick, cold and dry in the first, incrassates, cleanseth, is profitably given inward, for diarrhea, lienteria, etc. outwardly, it removes Sunburne, and all filth and spots of the skin, discusseth blackness, and is excellent in watery ruptures, made into a cataplasm, with vinegar and water, and a little oil of roses.   

Barley.  
It's cold and dry in the first, cleanseth, opens, digests, mollifies, is nutritive, and diuretic.   

Lentil.  
It extinguisheth inflammations, is good in scabs, gangrenes and putrid ulcers.   

Loly.  
Darnel growing amongst corn; it's that, which being eaten, procures bad symptoms, yet is good in cataplasms, and foment for gangrenes, etc.   

Lupins.  
Ease the pain of the spleen, kill worms and cast them forth; outwardly, they cleanse filthy ulcers and gangrenes, help scabs, itch and inflammations.   

Mill-dust.  
Excellent in stopping bleedings.   

Pulvis ad sistendum sanguinem.  
It stays the blood in all wounds, dismemberings, as also bleeding of the nose. That of Hildanus is of gallant use. For its composition, his Tract. de gangrene. or melific. chirurgiae.    

The Nineteenth CLASSIS. INSTRUMENTS.  
Besides the aforesaid medicines, its necessary the Chirurgeon should have instruments; these are either those that belong to his box, or to the chest. The first should never be gone without, especially to the sick; they are the following.  

Razor.  
It's very useful in wounds of the head and hairy parts, to remove the hair, otherwise medicaments will not stick long, neither can they be kept clean about the wound; it's always to be kept sharp and free from rust; its true, Scissors may supply, but not so conveniently; for the Razor will do it more quickly, clearly and neatly.   

Scissors.  
They are to cut the hair in want of a Razor, as also to cut plasters and other things necessary to be used, as Rulers, etc.   

Incision-knives 2: one edged on both sides the point, and crooked.  
They may be used, especially the latter, to open apostemes that are ripe, to scarify after or before cuppings, and to open fontinells in any part of the body.   

Phlegm.  
It's proper use is to divide the gums from the teeth, either that they may bleed, or else that a tooth may be taken without danger of tearing the gums, at the other end is a round sharp point, which is to stop teeth withal.   

Forceps.  
It's to draw extraneous or strange bodies forth of wounds, as ossicles, hairs, rags of woollen or linen carried in with bullets; yea, if they be of good steel they may draw out bullets that are but superficial, the silver are too weak, they are to pull off plasters, to draw forth things that may fall into the ears, etc.   

Stitching quill, needles and burras pipe.  
All these may be included in one, the first is to preserve the needles in, and having a round ring, yet flat made at one end, is helpful to keep the side of the wound firm, whilst the needle is thrust through, as also so to receive it, that its point may not injure any other part. The needles are to be either flat-pointed, or square, they need to be six in number, of several sizes, to be armed (when needful) with strong silk, waxed, and anointed with some balsam, they are to stitch up wounds in the musculous parts, not nervous, not in the face, for a dry suture so called is more proper, yet if this be wanting the needle may supply, let your stitches be at least a finger's breadth one from another, unless in penetrating wounds of the abdomen, than they are to be more near; tie not your silk too hard, lest it occasion their breaking, be sure you mind the true beauty of the part, lest your work prove deformed, 3. needles, ordinary ones, you had need have also to make rulers, etc. The burras pipe is to preserve in it corroding powder, as praecipitate, turbith mineralis, burnt alum, etc. to cast on proud flesh, appearing in wounds and ulcers.   

Spatula.  
It's to take out unguents out of the Salvatory, and to spread upon pledgets; it may be useful in spreading plasters, in removing filth hardened, and to remove plasters if the one end he crooked.   

Probes.  
Their use is, that being armed with fine lint, they may cleanse wounds and ulcers, but in this we are not to be too curious, lest we also remove the gluten sent to the wound or ulcer, to repair its decay; sometimes being thus armed, it's dipped into proper medicines, and the wounds or ulcers touched with it. The Probe is to have an eye, by which flammulas may be drawn through a wound, especially near great joints, as shoulder, etc. especialiy if the body be infected with lieu vener. Such a Patient I had taken prisoner near Banbury, run through the shoulder, through which I drew a flamula, and there kept on till he was rid of a bad companion, and then drawing it forth, speedily cured the wound. It's also to search into wounds, ulcers, and fistulas, but force it not in your search too far.   

Speculum linguae.  
The one end is to hold down the tongue, to see the affects of the mouth and throat, and whilst the uvula spoon is using the other end is to cleanse the tongue in fevers, etc.   

Wula spoon.  
It's properly used to hold till blown up such powder as are fit for the palate, as salt and long pepper, etc. you are to fix the spoon right under the uvula; it may also be used to melt medicines in stopping the hole up.   

Levatory.  
Is to raise up depressed bones in fractures of the skull, especially if they do or may cause ill symptoms, otherwise nature will discharge that office. A Directory to enlarge a strait orifice is to be had.   

Lancets.  
A Chirurgeon had need to have 2. cases of Lancets, and each case six; their proper use is to open a vein, although they may be useful in opening apostemes in the gums, mouth, etc. The manner how to use them you have in mellific chirurg. It's very requisite a hone and whetstone should be kept, to set your lancets, incision-knives and rasours upon. Thus of instruments for the box.  
The Salvatory usually hath six parts; sometimes eight; if six, than they contain Unguent. Basilicon, Apostulorum, Aureum, Nutritum, Desiccat Rub. & Album: if instead of Album there be lin. arc. the place will be better supplied; if there be eight rooms, than dialthaea, and Diapompholigus may be used, for populion is unruly, it will not keep its place; and if you please, instead of Nutritum may be Album. Hildanus would have the box to be made of Ebony, Guaiacum, or box, rather than of any metal.  
For your plasters to be ready spread, and to be in the box, they are to be of three sorts at least, as Empl. Paracels. Diapalm. and Betonica, or Basi●icum.  
It's needful that you have always, if there be service, some oil of roses to anoint about the wound; for it easeth pain, strengthens the hurt part, and prevents ill symptoms. Thus of such instruments as he is to carry about him.  
Now of the rest, and first of those used about the head; as first the   

Trapan or Tresin●.  
Which is used in great contusions or fractures of the scull, to make way for concreted blood to pass forth. The Levatory as before. The Scalpra is to scrape the cariousness off the scull. The headsaw is to remove a piece of the cranium. The speculum oris is to depress the tongue, in great inflammations of the tongue and throat, as in the Squinsey. There is another of them which is to open the mouth, in case of convulsions, etc. to pour in fit medicines. Several instruments to draw teeth are to be ready, as pullicans' paces, punches, crows bills. Instruments for the drawing forth of bullets, as terebellum, crannes' bills, etc. A great saw to dismember with dismembering knives and catlings, cauterizing irons of all sorts, of all which you may see their use, in Mellific. Chirurg. in proper chapters.  
Now because amongst soldiers, by reason of mixture, & copulation, there's gonorrhoea, caruncles and suppression of urine, therefore there is to be catheters, syringes and wax candles. In case of fracture where the hand is not sufficient a pulley is useful, also there's to be ready splints and junckes fitted to the fractured part; they may be made of wood, sword scabbards, bark of trees, etc. as you may see in the chapter of fractures in the said book; besides there is to be ready mortars, five, skillets, clyster-pipes and pot, cups, funnel, tape, tow, sponges, leather, linen, diet-pot, spatulas, weights, & scales, strainers, paper brown and white, pipkins, thread, chafing-dish, blood-porringers, and other. Tinder box, etc. most of which although necessary in case of sea-voyages, yet may be supplied at quarters in land-service; of the uses of these, besides what reason may teach you from their very names, you may find in the book aforesaid, to which I refer you, only some of these come under Hildanus 20. Classes.    

The Twentieth CLASSIS. LINEN and BANDAGES.  
Without these the chest is not complete, for although there be excellent medicines, yet if these be wanting, especially in great and dangerous fluxes of blood from wounds, in fractures, and dislocations, etc. they will be useless. Now these are Rulers, Stuphs, lint, and of it pledgets, tents to be armed with medicines only, tents, in some cases may be made of prepared sponge, gentian root, etc. to enlarge a narrow orifice; there's also to be bladders, both for clyster-pipes, and also in case of dismembering to be applied afterward.  
A Camp-Physician or Chirurgeon, known well in what hath been said, being faithful, pious, watchful and expert, may in his operation preserve many wounded, and deliver them from the danger of death. It's very probable a chest of less general use may have in it fewer medicaments, and others supplied with some that may be experimented by Practitioners, yet be sure of this, that such medicines and instruments may be provided, which necessity requires to secure, and withal exact diligence be used. For the subject to be dealt withal, is not a beast, but man, for whom in some sense the Son of God hath shed his most precious blood, and if there be neglect it must be answered before the Lord at the dreadful day of judgement, when all secrets shall be laid open; it will be terrible when the Lord shall say, Thou art to be condemned for blood-guiltiness in neglecting thy duty, or some, both for that and drunkenness added; by which they were either altogether unfit for the work, or else did miscarry in its performance to the ruin of men: it may be, bearing a more fuller representation of God on them, than themselves.  
Now only a word or two, as to the preserving of the medicines, which should have been by intent affixed at the end of every Classis, but forgot.  
The purging Simples are to be put up in leather bags, except cassia, manna, tamarinds, etc. which are to be put in galley-pots, and after all put into a satchel, and written, upon simple Purgers.  
The purging Electuaries are to be put up in galley-pots, and covered with paper, and leather. The syrups, and waters are to be put in double glasses well stopped, and after put in bladders, & so placed that they may not break or move, by putting hurds in waste places. The pills are to be lap' tup in white leather, anointed with oil of sweet Almonds, and after put in pots of earth, or pewter. The cordial powders and Electuaries are to be put up in pots, and boxes. The herbs, flowers, and roots are to be laped up in papers, and after put in bags of linen cloth severally, as the roots by themselves, etc. The oils and balsams, sometimes are put in glasses, put in bladders, and otherwhile in pots of pewter, which is more secure, unless your chemical oils, and balsam, and those are better in glasses or silver. Unguents, and Fats are best in pots. Emplasters, gums, wax, suet of Deer, Cow, Goats, and the like, which are of a solid consistence, are to be put in bladders, covered with paper. Metals, subterraneous medicines, as vitriol, alum, etc. as also meals are to be included in leather bags, but tutia pp. seif. alb.  eo colla pp. and the like, which are to be used inwardly, are to be carefully laped up, and put also in leather bags, and put with the cordials; let all the bags be marked and classically placed to shun confusion, and to prevent a great deal of useless labour. For arsenic orpiment. mercurius sublim. etc. which are of a venomous quality, are to be all preserved so apart, that if a glass, or what is there included in break, they may not mix with other medicaments, and so not only corrupt them, but also endanger the kill of the sick. The instruments are to be preserved in order, those that are edged in sheaths, the rest to be laped up in papers, writ upon, that so they may with ease and without mistake be ready. And to conclude, be sure also according as you divide your medicines, so be sure you have a Catalogue, which will be very useful.    
FINIS.