A Dissuasive from Murmuring. BEING A SERMON ON 1 COR. X. 10. Preached by SAM. CARTE, M. A. IMPRIMATUR, May 14. 1694. GEO. ROYSE. LONDON; Printed for Richard Baldwin, near the Oxford-Arms in Warwick-Lane. MDCXCIV. TO THE READER. IT is generally expected, that whosoever appears in Print, should give some account of his Reasons for so doing. And therefore, though I have not presumed to interest any great Person in this Discourse by a solemn Dedication; yet I have thought good to acquaint thee, that the Publication of it was occasioned by the false Representations which have been made of it by some, and the Apprehension which others have, that it may be of use to the Public. The mention of these may seem nauseous, as being the common pretences of most, who, without any express Injunction of those in Authority, commit a Sermon to the Press. But their being pleaded so generally, is an indication that they are as generally thought to be sufficient. And a little Reflection on the Subject of this Discourse, and the various Tempers of the People in this Nation, may satisfythee, that they are truly alleged by me. A Dissuasive from Murmuring. 1 COR. X. 10. Neither murmur ye, as some of them also murmured, and were destroyed of the destroyer. IT is a Character that has long since been given of Mankind, That he is Animal querulum, a Creature much given to complaining. There is rarely such a Concurrence of Circumstances as that all of them please us; and if any thing displease or be offensive to us, it usually so engages our thoughts, that we scarce make any fitting reflection on the more favourable Circumstances, how great and numerous soever. And whilst by this means one Evil, Inconvenience, or Misfortune makes a greater impression on us than hundreds of Mercies and Advantages which we enjoy, we are generally disposed to be dissatisfied with our Condition, to Complain and Murmur when indeed we have no just reason so to do. This being a Malady so incident to mankind, the Apostle, one of the most Able Physicians of Souls, has given us a Prescription against it in the words of my Text; Neither murmur ye as some of them also murmured, and were destroyed of the destroyer. In which Words we may observe, 1. A Relation of Matter of Fact, Some of them also murmured. 2dly. A Prohibition of the like Practice, Neither murmur ye, as some of them, etc. 3dly. An Argument to dissuade us from the Imitation of them, drawn from the destructiveness of the Practice, evidenced by the Event it had on them, They were destroyed of the destroyer. First, Here is a Relation of Matter of Fact, Some of them also murmured. Some of them. Of whom? Even of the Children of Israel. It would be no strange matter to hear, that Heathens, that men governed by the mere Conduct of Corrupt Nature, should repine and murmur upon slight occasions: But the Israelites had been instructed in better Principles, which one might expect should have restrained them from such distempers. Nay, the state which they were in before was so very miserable, and it was by such a continued Succession of Miracles, of Deliverances and Mercies, that they were arrived at that Condition at which they murmured, that one might in all reason expect to hear of their Transports of Joy, and Praise, and Thanksgiving, when on the contrary we find an Epidemical Discontent and Murmuring among them. For if you reflect on their Condition in Egypt, you may observe them labouring under as great Oppression and Tyranny, as ever an ingenuous People underwent; so that their lives were bitter unto them; and the sense of their Miseries made them vent their Griefs in Sighs and Groans, which mounted up to Heaven, and moved God in Compassion to reach forth his mighty Hand and outstretched Arm to deliver them. As the Psalmist says, Psal. 105. 26. etc. He sent to them Moses his servant, and Aaron whom he had chosen, and they shown his signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham. He sent darkness upon their enemies, and it was dark, and turned their waters into blood, and slew their fish. The land also brought forth frogs in abundance, yea, even in their king's chambers. He spoke, and there came divers sorts of flies and lice in all their coasts. He gave them hailstones for rain, and flames of fire in their land. He smote their vines also and figtrees, and destroyed the trees that were in their coasts. He spoke the word and the grasshoppers came, and caterpillars innumerable, and did eat up all the grass in the land, and devoured the fruit of their ground. He smote all the first born also in their land, the chief of all their sterngth. He brought them forth with silver and gold, and (though they were many hundred thousands) there was not one feeble person among their tribes. And all along as we go on in their History, we may observe such evident, such wonderful, such seasonable Interpositions of the Divine Power and Goodness for their Defence and Relief, that one would think there could not possibly be any room left for discontent or repining among them. For, Were they persecuted? God set himself for a Wall of Defence between them and their Enemies. Were they in distress for a Passage? The Sea divided itself, and its Waters risen up on an heap, to afford them a Path through the deep, as through a wilderness. Did they want a shelter by day? He spread his cloud over them for a covering. Did they want a Guide by night? He himself went before them in a pillar of fire. Did they want Bread? He reigned down Manna upon them, and filled them with the bread of heaven. Did they want Meat to their Bread? He made the wind to bring them flesh like dust, and feathered fowl like as the sand of the sea. Did they want Drink to both? He opened the rock of stone, and the waters flowed out, so that the rivers ran in dry places. Did they stand in need of Apparel? Their did not wax old upon their backs, nor their shoes upon their feet. Did they want Advice? God himself gave them his Vocal Oracle from between the Cherubims. And besides all these, there were many other occasions wherein God exerted a Miraculous Power to supply their Necessities, or gratify their Desires. And yet, as the Apostle here says, Some of them also murmured. Hence then (my Brethren) we may observe, That People's murmuring is no evidence that there is any good ground to do so. I take notice of this the rather, because I have often observed, that many men, whose Temper and Principles (as I have apprehended) did not at all dispose them to Murmuring and Discontent, have yet been guilty of it, merely in compliance with others. They observe many whom they converse with, and it may be, Persons of great Reputation, that they make it a great Subject of their Discourse to censure, find fault with, and complain of the state of Affairs; and therefore conclude that they must certainly be grievously amiss, and that they themselves should pass for persons of dull apprehensions, and very shallow capacities, if they do not see reason to murmur as well as others. Now if such persons would but observe in this History of the Israelites, what little reason there was for murmuring, and yet how much they were guilty of it, it would certainly be a Caution to them to take heed how they are so easily misled by following others Examples. For whether they are led away by the Considerableness of the Persons, or the Greatness of their Numbers, you will find them paralleled in these unjust Murmur of the Israelites; Numb. 16. 2. many princes of the assembly, famous in the congregation, men of renown; nay, sometimes the whole Congregation being engaged in them. Or if any pretend that they are not prevailed on by consideration of the Persons, but by the Reasons which they give for their Discontents; as no doubt they will: For when Persons are disposed to find fault and murmur, they can never long want a Pretence; it being impossible that in such a Multiplicity of Affairs as concern a Nation, and depend on so many Persons, all of them should be so managed, as not to be liable to the misinterpretation of malevolent tongues. But if you please to reflect on their History, you will find that the Israelites themselves were not without some apparent Reasons for their Discontents. For to pass by the other occasions, to avoid Prolixity, there were two which Commentators suppose the Apostle more especially reflected on; the first, Numb. 14. and the other, Numb. 16. At the one the great Grievance was, That they were engaged in a War with such Powerful Adversaries, as they could never hope for a good issue of it; and therefore thought it more advisable to return to Egypt, to their Bondage again, than to proceed in it. In the other the Pretence was, That their Governors both in Church and State were Intruders and Usurpers, and that Preferments run in a different Channel from what they had used to do. The first Pretence (I say) was, That they were engaged in a War with such Potent Adversaries, that they could never hope for a good Issue of it: For if you look into Numb. 13. you will find the occasion of their murmuring to be, That the Spies who were sent to search the Land, V 32. 33. upon their return represented the people whom they were to encounter with, to be strong, and the cities to be walled and very great; that the men were of great stature, nay, that there were mighty giants there, sons of Anak, in comparison of whom they were but as grasshoppers. And it was the concurrent opinion of them all, excepting two, that they should never be able to withstand them. This made the people despair and lament their Condition, and wish that they had Numb. 14. V 1, 2. died in the land of Egypt, or in the wilderness. For should they still persist in their Enterprise, they could expect nothing else, but that they should fall by the sword, and that their wives and their V 3. children should become a prey; and therefore concluded, that the best course they could take, would be to return again to the Bondage and Slavery from which they had been so wonderfully delivered. And hereupon they began to conspire together for carrying on the design, saying one to another, Let us make us a captain, and let us return into Egypt, Numb. 14. 4. So strangely does a discontented, murmuring Humour, deprive men of the use of their Rational Faculties; blotting out the remembrance of all former Evils, either suffered or feared; making them senseless of present Mercies, though never so pregnant with future hopes and expectations; abusing them with imaginations of groundless Terrors, and inciting them to run to a certain ruin, for a refuge from an imaginary one. The second pretence was, That their Chief Governors both in Church and State, were no better than Intruders and Usurpers; and that subordinate Preferments were diverted to another channel from what they had used to run in. For the case was this; From the beginning of the World till Moses' time, the Royal Power, or Kingdom, and the Priesthood, were vested in the Patriarch, or Head of every Tribe; and from him descended Hereditarily on the Firstborn of the Family: And this Succession was rarely interrupted that we know of, unless it were in the case of Sem, whom some think not to have been Noah's Son; and in the case of Abraham the Youngest Son of Terah; and of Jacob the Younger Brother of Esau. But now at the Israelites coming out of Egypt, Moses, whom God had made the great Instrument of their Deliverance, was advanced to the Supreme Power, and made King in Jeshurun, Deut. 33. 5. Aaron was Invested with the High-Priesthood, and the Tribe of Levi promoted to the Service of the Tabernacle, in lieu of the Firstborn of their several Families, who thereby were excluded from all hope of attaining to that Dignity. These things were grievously resented by those whose Interest was concerned, and prejudiced by this new Establishment: and they strengthened their Faction, and fomented their Discontents, till at length they broke forth into open Sedition: Numb. 16. 1. Dathan, Abiram, and On, were all Sons, that is, of the Posterity of Reuben, who was the Firstborn of Israel, but lost his Honour by his Sin, 1 Chron. 5. 1. which his Sons by unlawful means seek to regain. Ainsworth on the place. Particularly Dathan and Abiram, the Sons of Eliab, and On, the Son of Peleth, being the Principal Persons of the Children of Reuben, the Eldest Son of Jacob, thought themselves extremely injured. For though Reuben for his unnatural Sin was indeed Deposed, and justly Deprived of his Right to the Primogeniture, Genes. 49. 4. and 1 Chron. 5. 1. Yet they would not allow of any Variation upon any account whatsoever, from the usual way of Succession; a Succession which (as they might plead) had been Established from the Creation of the World, founded on the Principles and Laws of Nature, received and practised by all Nations then in the World. And by this so sacred a Right, the Royal and Sacerdotal Power belonged to them as descendants of the Eldest Son of Israel. And besides these, there were many other discontented Persons, especially Korah, who (as Solomon Jarchi says) was offended that Elizaphan, the Son of Uzziel, the Youngest of all the Brothers, was advanced to be the Chief of the Family of the Kohathites, Numb. 3. 30. in prejudice of himself, who was of an Elder Branch; and his Resentment fermenting his Pride, made him think himself as fit for the Priesthood, as the best of them. These and many others, to whose Interest or Ambition this change of Affairs seemed not favourable, being Malcontent, joined together in traducing the Government; Charge Moses and Aaron as Usurpers, Numb. 10. 3. and accuse them, that, instead of delivering them from their former Oppressions and Miseries, they had brought them into a much worse Condition; that there was nothing to be expected but Ruin under their Conduct, and that they should be killed in the Wilderness; and that these things were so undeniably evident, that they must put out the eyes of men before they could expect to persuade them the contrary, Numb. 16. 13, 14. And we find that their pretences were so very plausible, and had such a mighty and general influence on the People, that though Almighty God in a very Signal and Miraculous manner, declared his implacable Anger against the Principal Malcontents, and their Abettors, by a supernatural and prodigious Destruction; yet the very next Morning we find the People crying them up as Martyrs dying in a good Cause, and Murmuring against Moses and Aaron, as Authors of their Murder, v. 41. So difficult is it for People to be convinced when their Errors are fortified by Prepossession and Prejudice! Thus (my Brethren) you have an account of the matter of Fact among the Israelites; the unreasonableness of their Murmur, with the occasions and pretences of them. It is time now that we apply ourselves to the consideration of the second thing observed in the words, viz. the Prohibition directed to us by St. Paul against the like Practice; Neither murmur ye as some of them murmured. The words are sufficiently plain, and need little explication; for every one, I suppose, must needs understand, that when men are ready upon every occasion to signify their dissatisfaction with the state of Affairs; when they detract from, and speak against their Governors; when they misinterpret their Actions; when they aggravate such misfortunes as happen; when they are generally complaining of Mismanagements, and suggest Evil things concerning them: In a word, when they show themselves Discontented and Desirous of Changes, and endeavour to make others so: These things (I say) and such like, tending to Sedition, every one must needs understand to be acts of Murmuring and Repining; And these things therefore does the Apostle here prohibit; and it were easy to produce out of Holy Writ multitudes of other places tending to the same purpose. But to avoid tediousness, I forbear them, as knowing that St. Paul's Authority alone must be owned sufficient by all Christians, such as we all profess ourselves to be. Therefore I shall rather address myself to you in way of Exhortation; That you would take care to demean yourselves conformably to this Precept, which is of such undoubted Authority. And if one does but seriously reflect on our Condition before the late Revolution, and represent to our minds the intolerable Grievances and formidable Circumstances which we then laboured under, one would think there could be no doubt of Success. For alas! How dismal did things than appear! How did men's hearts (as our Saviour speaks, Luke 21. 26.) fail them for fear, and for looking after those things which were coming upon us! When we saw the Laws, the security of all that can be valuable in this world, professedly run down and violated; Men, by Law unqualified for any Trust, thrust into all Offices of Trust; and those, who in account of the Law were Traitors, to have the chief management of the Government; when the Nurseries of the Clergy were assigned over to Papists; and the Ministers of Religion were enjoined, contrary to the Laws in force, to proclaim Liberty to their Parishioners to go to Mass, or what they pleased, and threatened with a severe Prosecution for their noncompliance; and God knows what they might have suffered if Deliverance had not come to prevent it: When a Petition drawn up with all the Care and Caution possible, and presented in the Humblest and Privatest manner, was Censured for a Libel, and the Fathers of our Church sent to the Tower for it; when an Army was kept up in time of Peace, merely to over-awe the People, and deter them from asserting their Rights; and the Soldiers were ordinarily permitted to act Arbitrarily, that they might be the willinger to support an Arbitrary Government; when the Wolves, the professed Adversaries of the Church, were entrusted with providing Pastors for it; the Jesuits and other Popish Priests having the choice of our Bishops, and the disposal of all such Ecclesiastical Preferments as belonged to the Crown; when all such were turned out of the Court, Corporations, and most Commissions of the Peace, and Lieutenancy, as would not engage to concur with the Popish Designs; when many honest men were debarred of their way of livelihood, and a resolution was about being taken to suffer none to exercise such an Employment as required a Licence, unless they would make the like Engagement; when the Parliament, which should redress our Grievances, were no longer allowed the Liberty of Voting; but the Lords and all others that were likely to be Members of Parliament, were Closeted, and all Arts used to induce them to betray our Liberties; when the Nation was no longer permitted the free Choice of their Representatives, but Threats and Menaces, and all sorts of Engines were used to determine them to such Tools as the Papists should think fit to nominate to them: When these (I say) and many other Grievances, too long to enumerate, pressed us, Oh! what Trouble! what Anxiety of thought did they cause in us! What great portions of our Estates would we then have given for the security of our Religion, our Liberties and Properties! How zealous were our Prayers, how vehement our desires of Deliverance! and with what transports of Joy and Thankfulness did we reckon that we should embrace it when it should come! But this is not all; for it is not only so great a Deliverance that we have occasion to be thankful for, but the wonderful Manner of it likewise; That it should be wrought to our hands, without any considerable Interposition of our own; that it should be effected without undergoing the mischiefs of having our Country made the Seat of War; nay, almost without any bloodshed: This was such a Wonder as surprised the world with amazement. And every body owns, That the Reduction of Ireland was accomplished by a continued succession of Strange, and I may say, Miraculous Providences. And what can be expected from a People to whom God has been so exceeding Gracious, but all the Content and Satisfaction, nay, all the Joy and Thanksgiving which it is possible to express? And yet alas! how different is it with us! What a strange Forgetfulness of God's stupendious Mercies towards us! What a studious depreciating and extenuating of them! And what a world of Discontent reigns among us! As if we resolved to emulate and outdo in their Crimes that perverse and stubborn generation of the Israelites who perished in the Wilderness. And if you please to reflect on the Pretences of our Modern Malcontents for their Murmuring, though I have not time to examine them particularly, yet methinks it is enough to bring them out of credit with any considering person, that they are so very like to those which the Seditious Israelites made use of, as I have already shown you. Ay! but may some say, Did God himself interpose among us, as he did among the Israelites; had we such Governors as Moses and Aaron, chosen by God himself, and directed by his Oracle in the Conduct of them; then we would be far from murmuring; then we would be the most satisfied and obedient People in the world. Now to pass by other things that may be replied to show the Weakness of this Objection, I shall observe at present only this, viz. That this Objection would frustrate the Apostle's Precept; for it affixes the Criminalness of the Murmuring of the Israelites, upon such Circumstances as are never to be expected to happen again; whereas it's undeniably evident, that the Apostle must speak of Murmuring in such a sense, and in such cases, as may and often do happen in these Ages of the world, when Revelation is ceased. And this, I suppose, may serve in some competent measure to show, That we, as well as the Israelites, have no just reason to murmur, but rather to be thankful for that great Deliverance which God has vouchsafed to us: But if this will not persuade us, let the Apostle's Argument at least prevail with us to forbear murmuring for the future, considering the Destructiveness of it, evidenced by the Event it had on the Israelites, 2 Sam. 24. 16. seeing they were destroyed of the destroyer; that is, by an Angel to whom God gave it in commission, That he should destroy them. For as he is the God of Order and of Peace, so nothing can be more repugnant and offensive to him, than such Seditious and Rebellious Murmur; insomuch that it is observed, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chrysost. l. 5. p. 205. Ed. Savil. That he has in his Laws assigned severer Punishments to such sins as tend to the Disturbance of the Peace and Welfare of Human Society, than such as have a more direct reference to himself. And as he justly expects our Praises and Thanksgiving in return of the Mercies which he confers on us; so nothing could be more provoking in his people than their ungrateful Murmuring and Repining after such a Miraculous Deliverance as he had wrought for them. And therefore his Wrath was so incensed against them, that he offered to have consumed them all in a moment. And though Moses by his Intercession prevailed so far as to prevent the Total Destruction of them at once; yet he slew many Thousands of the Principal Murmurers, their Abettors, immediately; and for the rest, he swore they should none of them enter into his rest, but their carcases should fall in the wilderness; which accordingly came to pass. Now this is not to be looked upon as a mere Historical Relation of what befell them; for the Apostle urges it here as a Reason to enforce his Prohibition of our imitating their Example: And therefore hereby insinuates a Menace of some Dreadful Judgement and Destruction that will befall us, if we murmur and persist in it as they did. And in the following Verse he tells us plainly, That these things happened unto them for our Ensample, and are written for our admonition, upon whom the ends of the world are come. Happened to them for Ensamples; the Word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Typically; whence St. Chrysostom infers, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That we are threatened with still more direful Punishments than they underwent. And besides these and other such like Threats which God has revealed and published in Holy Scripture, there is another sort of Punishments that are plainly legible in the nature of things. For the Divine Wisdom so contrived and framed his Works, that there is a certain Nemesis interwoven in the Contexture of them. So that by considering the natural tendency of many sins, we may evidently discover the temporal penalty which by the Divine disposition is annexed to them. And these are generally owned to be sins against the Law of Nature. And such is this sin of Murmuring; there being nothing which has a more visible and direct Tendency to the Misery and Ruin of a People, than it. For it is its self a Plague to those who are guilty of it; its immediate effect on them being, that it deprives them of the enjoyment of, or satisfaction in the Blessings which the Goodness of God vouchsafes to them. It so sours their Humour, that it perverts and renders every thing offensive and irksome to them, or at least diverts them from taking notice of any thing but what is so. And if we consider it in reference to the Public Weal, its effects are still worse: For it is directly contrary to that Obedience and Concord which are the Nerves and Ligaments of all Bodies Politic, and whereon their Strength and Welfare, and their very Being essentially depends. It creates mutual Jealousies, Heart-burnings, Strifes, and Contentions. It obstructs the successful Management of the Public Affairs, discourages many able men from being concerned in them; creates a world of Difficulties to those that are, hindering them from that Vigour and Resolution which would conduce much to their Success. On the other hand, it is a mighty Encouragement to our Enemies; they reckoning, that so many Murmurers as we have among us, so many Favourers and Promoters of their Enterprises have they. So that however our Murmurers are ready to urge the ill Successes and Burdens of the War as a ground of their Discontent; yet in reality there are none to whom they are more justly imputable than themselves. And yet I have that good Opinion of the greatest part of them, that I am persuaded, that if they did but once consider the mischievous Consequences of their actions, they would no longer be guilty of them. And if there be any such here, I crave leave to speak to them more particularly: Brethren, I beseech you let me be so happy as to prevail with you for once to lay aside your Passions and Prejudices, and to consider seriously what you would have, and what you Design. Here is cetainly the Welfare of a Church and Nation lies at stake: And can any man here be so Unchristian, so Inhuman, as to trifle in matters of such moment, and act inconsiderately, without any known end or design? Consider therefore what it is you aim at: Is it to promote Discord and Sedition? To set the Nation on a Flame? To stir up an intestine War and Rebellion among us? Is it to weaken the Government that should protect us? To give our Enemies an advantage to Vanquish us, to Invade us, and to Reduce us into the same fearful condition which God has so graciously rescued us from? (though indeed it cannot be the same, but it must also be much worse). Is there any one that can think of these things, and the many intolerable Miseries necessarily attending them, and is not ready to cry out with Hazael, Am I a Dog, that I should do this thing? 2 Kings 8. 13. And yet if these be not your designs, What means your discontented Murmur and Repine, which all wise men teach, and which yourselves must own, have a natural tendency to them? and which, if not timely suppressed, will lead you from one Sin to another, till such Calamities overtake you, as you never designed or dreamt of being the procurers of? Wherefore let us all in this our day, mind the things that belong to our peace; and reflecting on that dismal Condition which we were lately in, and the wonderfulness of our Deliverance, and the mischiefs ensuing from Discontent: Let us with all Thankfulness recognize the Divine Goodness to us, and discarding our Murmuring Ungrateful Humour, let us study to lead quiet and peaceable Lives in all Godliness and Honesty. So shall we secure to ourselves the continuance of the Divine Favour, and then through him we shall overthrow our enemies, and in his name shall we tread them under, that rise up against us. Which God of his Mercy grant for Jesus Christ his sake, etc. FINIS. Books Sold by Richard Baldwin. PLeasure with Profit: consisting of Recreations of divers kinds, viz. Numerical, Geometrical, Mechanical, Statical, Astronomical, Horometrical, Cryptographical, Magnetical Automatical, Chemical and Historical. 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