CULPEPERS' LAST LEGACY: Left and bequeathed to his dearest Wife, for the public good, BEING The Choicest and most profitable of those Secrets which while he lived were locked up in his Breast, and resolved never to be published till after his Death.  
CONTAINING Sundry admirable Experiences in several Sciences, more especially, in Chirurgery, and Physic, Viz.  
Compounding of Medicines, Making of Waters, Syrrups, Oils, Electurries, Conserves, Salts, Pills, Purges and Trochisches.  
With two particular Treatises; the one of Fevers; the other of Pestilence; as also other rare and choice Aphorisms▪ fitted to the understanding of the meanest Capacities.  
Never published before in any of his other Works.  
By NICHOLAS CULPEPER, late Student in Astrology and Physic.  
Printed for N. Brooke at the Angel in Cornhill, 1655.   

Master Culpepers Wife's Account.  
HAving in my Hands these my Husbands last experiences in Physic & Chirurgery, etc. composed out of his daily practice, which he laid a severe injunction on me to publish for the general good after his decease; therefore to stop the mouths of malicious Persons, who may be apt to abuse and slander his labours, and to discharge that duty and debt of gratitude due to his name from one so nearly related to him, I do hereby testify that the Copy of what is here printed is truly and really his own, and was delivered to my trust among his choicest secrets upon his deathbed, and I do further approve the printing thereof, and having viewed them see nothing in them but what is his own. To the truth of all which I do here subscribe my hand.  
A. Culpeper.   

WORTHY READERS,  
My Works have hither to been so well known unto you, and have merited such just applause in the world, though envied by some illiterate Physicians, that I am the more confident to go on doing that good which you have received by my former Labours. Viz. 1. Dispensatory. 2. English Physician. 3. That incomparable piece of Semiotica Uranica enlarged. 4. Catastrophe Magnatum. 5. Directory for Midwives, etc.  
This my last Piece the reserve of all the rest, I had never thought to have published, till now finding indisposition of body to be such as that I have no other way left to continue my own fame, and that happy gratitude which I own to my Country, but by publishing these my last Remaines, which I have left to my d●●rest W●f● 〈◊〉 my Legacy, being the choicest Secrets which I locked up in my breast, and never made known in any of my former Works.  
And now Reader, to speak more fully in the praise of you, be confident what thou hast here, is what I have gained by my constant practice and by which I have obtained a continual reputation in the World, not doubting but you will receive that satisfaction and advantage which I was ever assured of myself; and now if it shall please Heaven to put a Period to My Life and studies, that I must bid all things under the Sun farewell: farewell my dearest wife and Child; farewell Arts and Sciences; farewell all Worldly glories, Adieu Readers.  
Nicholas Culpeper.   

CHAPTER I. Of HEADACHE in general, with its several Names and Kind's.  

Three sorts of pain in the head.  OF headaches or pains in the head simply; there are three sorts, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek in Latin Capitis dolour, in English the Headache.  
The second is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  in Latin Cephalaia, in English, a continued or inveterate Headache. 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
The third is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  in Latin Hemicranium, in English the Megrim,  
The two former possess the whole head, the latter only the one half of it.  
By head I mean in all this treatise, only the scalp or so much only of the Head as is covered with hair.  

I question whether all internal pains in the head afflict the eyes, but only such whose seat is near the optic nerves.  And here is pain engendered sometimes without the skull, sometimes within, If it lie within the scull, there is pain at the roots of the eyes, by reason of the immediate influence from thence to the brain; if without the scull there is no pain there.  
The first sort of headache, called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cometh of divers causes, as heat, cold, dryness, blood, choler, wind, vapour from the stomach, drunkenness, fevers, each of which to discourse of, will require a several Chapter.   


Several sorts of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  CHAPT. II. Of the Headache 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of heat.  

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of heat.  BY Heat I mean only a hot distemper without any kind of moisture or humour. It is caused for the most part by the vehement heat of the Sun; note, that it is extreme hurtful to the brain, to stand bareheaded in the Sun. 
The cause. ☞  It is also caused by immoderate running, jogging or moving; especially to such as are not used to it, though it be most perilous to those that are used to it; it is caused also by being long near the fire, through anger and furiousness, and by hot diseases, and smells of hot things.  
The Signs of headache coming by heat; are besides immoderate pain, 
Signs.  you shall feel their Head burning hot when you touch it, their skin drier than it was wont to be, their eyes look red, they sleep little or not at all, and are delighted by sprinkling or anointing their head with cold things, and find ease by it; other causes may be known by the relation of the Patient.  

Cautions for the sick.  Let the air and Chamber where the sick abideth, be cold by nature, or else you must make it so by art, as by keeping it continually washed, by strewing there flowers and herbs, and branches of trees that are of a cold nature, 
Aire.  as Roses, Violets, Water-lillies, Vine-leaves, Bryer-boughs, Willow boughs, Endive, Succory, or the like, also to pour water out of one Vessel into another, near him, to let him smell to Nosegays of cold flowers.  
Great heed must be taken that the Patiented sleep well, 
Sleep.  yea more than he usually was wont to do; if he sleep not well as most labouring of this disease do not, provoke him to sleep with Diascordium; if that will not do, use Laudanum, two grains; if that will not do, use three grains, increasing it till it come to six; if he sleep not sooner, let his Chamber be quiet, free from noise and wrangling, for that causeth perturbation of mind.  
Let his meat be but little, 
Meat.  and let that little be of good digestion, as chickens, birds that delight in Mountains and dry places, rabbits, etc. let it be dressed with cold herbs, as lettuce, endive, purslain, and verjuice; also Almond-milk, Pomegranates, Raisins of the Sun, 
Drink. I doubt water is not so good in cold countries. I think a cool julip were better.  and ripe Pears are wholesome for him; but let him avoid Milk and all other meats of a dilative quality, for they send vapours into the head, and are hurtful for him.  
Let his drink be water, in which a little Cinnamon hath been boiled, or in which syrup of the juice of Succory, or the juice of Pomegranates or Lemons is put.  
Let him eschew carnal copulation, exercises, and baths, all perturbations of the mind, especially anger, 
Directions negative. Affirmative Perfumes. Unction. If ♂ cause the disease you had better use vervain gathered in the hour of ♀ take this as a general rule.  all things that are binding, all things that cause stupefaction, as crude opium, Mandrakes, Henbane, Poppeys, Nightshade; those things that bind much, though they cool, must also be avoided, as juice of Quinces, Meddlers, etc.  
Let the sick smell to rose water mixed with vinegar, and often snuff some of it up into his nose. Let also his forehead, temples, and that part of his head where the pain lies most, be anointed with oil of fleabane. Let the fleabane be gathered in the hour of Mars, he being (if it be possible) in Aries, in a good aspect to the Moon. So will the infirmity be the easier and more speedily cured.  
Have a special care that the Patient go to stool, in good order, at the least twice a day; 
Stool.  if he do not, provoke him first with a Clyster, then with an ounce of lenitive Electuary, every night when he goes to bed; for the people most incident to this Infirmity, are such as are of a Choleric constitution, (though the trouble of this disease be no absolute sign of a Cholericke-man) which complexion most commonly causeth astringency.   


〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of cold.  CHAP. III. Of the Headache 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of Cold.  
BY cold I mean simply cold without any Flux of cold humours: 
☞  for that causeth Lethargies: but only a cold distemper.  

The cause.  This pain in the head is caused of outward cold, as by tarrying long bareheaded in a cold air, also by sudden applying of any wet and cold, or very cold thing to the head.  
The signs of this are contrary to the signs of the other that came of a hot distemper; for in this though the pain indeed be vehement, yet the head when it is felt is not hot; their face and eyes do not look red, neither are they hollow, nor shrunk, but on the contrary their face looketh full and pale, and their eyes are full and swarthy; also they desire not cold things, nor find ease but pain by them. 
Cautions.   
Let them sleep moderately, but no more then usually they use to do. 
Sleep.   
They must remain in a warm air; if it be cold, remedy it with a good fire. 
Aire.   
Let them forbear all meats cold in operation, 
Meats.  all fish, water-fowles and milk. Let them eat rear eggs, hens, chickens, partridge and pheasants.  
For drink, let them use Wine moderately, 
Drink.  and generally for the cure thereof you must use things that are hot in operation; but in the cure as well of this, as other diseases in the head, you must diligently consider the natural temperature of the brain; ☜ for it is such a thing as cannot endure either violent heat or violent cold.  

Directions Negative.  Let not their bodies be costive, but let them have every day a stool; if not by nature, give suppositories. Let them avoid sadness, deep speculations, and thoughts, studying, and other immoderate affections of the mind.  
Let them use moving of their body, 
Affirmative.  walking and if strength suffer, riding.  
Oil of vervain, is medicinal for the disease; 
Motion.  let it be gathered in the day and hour of Venus, she ascending fortunately. Also, Rew, Laurel, 
Unction. If ♀ cause the disease use Fleabane an herb of ♂.  Orris, Dill, Chamomel, Mother of time, Marjoram, are Medicinal for the disease. For the Oil, anoint the forehead temples, nostrils and holes behind the ears.  
Also to boil any of these herbs, especially vervain, gathered as beforesaid, in water, 
Nasalia.  and snuff up the decoction in your nose.  
Also quilt these leaves between two caps, 
Cucufa.  and let the patient wear it upon his head.  
The innermost cap being made of fine silk, or Sarsnet, Take Laurel, Mother of time, Marjoram, Rosemary flowers, of each a handful, Rew half so much, Penny royal, Calaminth two drams, Cloves, Staechas, one-dram, beat these into gross ponder, and sew them up in the Cucufa, or double cap before mentioned, and having first sprinkled the head with Vinegar, warm it, and apply it.  
Also it is very good for the sick to smell to such a Pomander as this. 
Pomander.  Take of Storax, Calamitis, two drams, Cloves, Mace, wood of Aloes, of each half a Dram, Lavender, two Drams, Gallia mofchata a Dram, Musk, Amber grease, of each two grains, beat them into fine powder, searce them, and with mussilage made with Gum Tragacanth, and Margerum water; make it up into a Pomander.   


〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of dryness or moisture.  CHAP. IU. Of the Headache 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of dryness or moisture  
BY dryness here, 
☞  and moisture also is meant only the baire quality; for although of these alone, without heat or cold, no pain come, yet hereby the studious in Physic, may learn and discern when the Headache cometh of heat and dryness, when of heat and moisture, when of cold and dryness, when of cold and moisture.  

The cause.  Headache through dryness is caused through dryness of the air, through hunger, much watching, extreme studying, by dry medicines, over much exercise, excessive use of venery, and violent perturbations of the mind.  
Headache of moisture is caused through moisture of the air, 
The fimptomes.  moist medicines, baths, hot waters, and other things that moisten over much.  
Dryness is known by these signs; there come few or no excrements out of the nose, the eyes be hollow, the patient cannot sleep neither before nor in the sickness; also the skin of the head is dry as though it were scorched; dry medicines do not ease the pain but increase it.  
Moistness is known by the same that lethargies are, of which hereafter.  
Those in whom dryness doth trouble the head, let them remain in a moist air, let them eat meats of good juice and a moistening nature, 
Diet.  as yolks of eggs, cocks stones and the broth of them, pheasants, partridges, and such meats as moisten and nourish much; let them drink wine always with water; let them sleep largely, provoke them to it; as in the second chapter; let them eschew motion of the body and exercise, and use quietness and rest, let them eschew carnal copulation, hunger, and thirst, and all things that do dry, let them use baths of sweet waters, that are warm, let them be merry and pleasant, and avoid all perturbations of mind. For pain coming of moisture, See Lethargyes.  
Let such as have headache of dryness, use to anoint the seam of their head or os triquetrum, 
Cure by unction.  with oil of fleabane, (see Chap. 2.) mixed with oil of sweet almonds or alone by itself.  
Let their body be kept soluble.  
Also they may bathe their head in water in which strawberry leaves, 
Stool. Bath.  violet leaves and flowers, mallows and other herbs that have a moistening virtue, have been boiled.   

CHAP V Of Headache 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of plenitude or blood.  

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. coming of blood.  HItherto I have written of Headache coming through alteration of the bare quality only; I now come to Headache caused of fullness, and abundance of blood. I call fullness in this place, that which the Greeks' call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is, when all the four humours abound and be increased in their proportion, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  or when blood only abounds.  

The cause.  This is caused commonly of eating all such things as engender abundance of humours in the body, as meats and drinks of great nourishment, plentifully taken; as also the neglecting and omitting exercises, baths, sweatings, and usual purge, bleedings and evacuations.  
The signs be these, 
Signs.  the face and the eyes be ruddy, the veins be swollen, so that the least and smallest may be easily seen; the pulse is great and vehement, the urine reddish and thick, the veins of the temples beat more hard, strong and vehement than those at the wrest; the pain of the head is heaviness.  
Let the sick be in a cold and dry air; if you can get no such place natural, 
Cure.  make it so by art.  
Let his diet be spare; 
Aire.  let him avoid things that nourish plentifully, as eggs, flesh, etc.  
Let his drink be barley water in which cold herbs have been boiled as endive, 
Meat.  succory, purslane, lettuce, 
Drink.  or only barley water with a little Cinnamon.  
Let him use mean exercise, 
Exercise.  rubbing his body often; if his body be soluble and no fever, let him bathe often.  
In the beginning of the disease let him blood in the cephalica of that arm on which the grief lies most, if that appear not, take the middle vein; 
Bleeding.  if bleeding in the arm suffice not, let them bleed in the forehead.  
If age or weakness, or both, prohibit bleeding, use cupping glasses to the shoulders to draw bacl the blood. 
Cupping.   
These done, use medicines external that are cold and astringent, 
Unction.  wherewith you are furnished in the second Chapter.  
You must in this disease have a special care that the body be kept soluble if necessity require and neither fever nor weakness hinder, 
Purging.  give a decoctum Sennae (with rhubarb and agricke at i ʒ.) iv. ℥.  
After this you may apply such medicines to the head 
Repelling.  as disperse the disease and dissipate and repel the humours, such be mallow seeds, fenugreck seeds, chamomel flowers, melilot flowers, either in baths, liniments, or oils, as you think fit.  
Also you may bind the lower parts of the body hard, 
Bindings.  (as the things) to call or draw back the humours.   


〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of Choler.  CHAP VI Of the Headache 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of Choler.  

The cause  Headache coming of choleric humours is caused of all such things as heat and dry the head unnaturally, as care, anger, pain, labour, watching, fasting, eating of meats that be choleric, as Garlic, Onions, pickled herrings, and other meats extraordinary salt, etc.  
The signs be these; the pains be like his that hath headache by reason of heat, 
Signs.  but that only they have a more sharp and pricking pain, as though awls or bodkins were thrust into their heads; their face is pale and wan; their head is moderately hot, bitterness of the tongue, dryness of the eyes, nose and tongue; this disease chanceth most to young and flourishing years, to such as are choleric of complexion, to them that take overmuch business in hand, and the like.  
Let the sick abide in a cold and moist air, which may be procured by the Art specified in the second Chapter, 
Cure.  as by sprinkling the Chamber with cold water, 
Aire.  by strewing the Chamber with cold herbs, and moist flowers and branches of trees their mentioned.  
Let his whole diet be moist; let him eat meats that be moist and of good juice; 
Meats.  give them Endive, Succory, Lettuce, Purslane, small fishes, that live in gravelly Rivers.  
Let his drink be water only, 
Drinks.  in which a little Cinnamon hath been boiled; but let him altogether abstain from Wine and strong drink.  
Let him be kept quiet, 
Sleeps.  and have long sleeps; you may provoke sleep by the rules in the second Chapter; let him be merry, and refrain from all perturbations of mind. 
Purges. You must refrain purging, there be a fever.   
In the beginning of the cure you must purge the choleric humour with medicines fit for the purpose; such be Hiera picra, Electuary of the juice of Roses, Rhubarb, Pillulae aureae, Alephanginae, etc. ☞ But if it chance the choleric humours do rest quietly in any part of the body, as many times it doth, and so becometh adust and burneth the place where it lieth, and maketh the man uncapable of receiving purging medicines, you must use preparatives to alter and concoct the humour, till it appear by the urine to be digested; the best way of all to do this, is to administer a spoonful of Vinegar of Squils' every morning fasting, and let the party walk a quarter of an hour after it; if you find that too hot, as you seldom shall, administer it in an ounce of Julep of Roses, or Syrupus acetosus.  
Also you may give an ounce of pulp of Cassia at night when he goes to sleep, or lenitive Electuary. 
Bolus.   
If they be very costive, as it is the nature of choler ☜ to procure costiveness, administer clysters of the mollient herbs, viz. Mallows, Beets, Violets, 
Clysters.  Pellitory and Mercury, of each a handful, boiled in a quart of ☜ water to three quarters of a pint, in which (being ☜ strained) mingle Diacatholicon i. ℥. Mel rosarum i ℥. species Hierae picrae i. ʒ; make it into a clyster,  
Also you may use Oil of Fleabane for unction in the manner and form prescribed in the second Chapter. 
Vnct on. Beware of ♂   
If the disease for all these medicines, continue still viralent and malignant, 
Boxing.  you may apply cupping glasses between the shoulders, and friction, or rubbing of the arms and legs, time and care convenient being used. 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. coming of Wind.    

CHAP. VII. Of the Headache coming of Windiness.  

The cause.  IT is a cause of eating abundance of windy things; besides, the nature of the body, and other things were such as were apt to engender wind.  
It is known by a distension or stretching within the head, 
Signs.  and that without heaviness or beating, as also by noise in the ears.  
Let all meats and drinks that engender wind be utterly avoided. 
Diet.   
☞ If the Infirmity lie only in the Head, and ascend from no other part beneath, as many times it is caused only by weakness and imbecility of the head, then inward medicines profit little.  
But you must use Concoctive and Discussive medicines, things that concoct wind, 
Concoctives.  as Fenugreekeseed, Linseed, Chamomel, Yolkes of eggs, Saffron, Hen's grease. ☞ Goose grease, etc.  
Last of all use Discussives, such as be, Oil of Dill, ☞ and Rew, 
Discussius.  Lupins, Barley meal, Lily roots; Nigella, etc.  
But if it come from vapours that ascend from some other part, 
Clysters.  you must empty the belly with a strong Clyster that doth dissolve wind, made of of the emollient herbs, Anniseeds, Carraway, Fennell, and Cumminseeds, adding to the decoction Benedicta, laxativa half an ounce, of the Electuary I mean, for this glister draws the vapours ☞ down from the head.  
After this you must strengthen the member that it engender wind no more, 
Cautions.  whether it be the stomach, liver or spleen, it were tedious and superfluous to recite the manner how to strengthen all those parts, and others beside these, which may in their own affliction afflict the head also; for I purpose if the Lord give me life and health, and time to write severally and distinctly of all the diseases in every part of the body.  
Then may you apply to the head things repulsive and driving back, 
Repulsives.  such be, Vinegar, pomegranate, rinds and flowers, Wormwood, Merlilot, Mints, Plantain, ☜ Walwort, Shepherd's burse, Nutmegs, Purslane, Housleek, Laurel leaves, etc.  
If heat be joined with wind in the head, 
Unctions.  use Oil of Roses, which is both repulsive, digestive, and ☜ discussive, mingled with Vinegar, which is both repulsive and discussive, and also attenuating.  
But if there be cold mixed with the wind, then use Oil of Dill and Camomile, mingled with the juice of Rew and Vinegar.  
If the headache continue still malignant, use sneezing with white hellebore; 
Sneezing.  but beware of catching cold of the head after it.  
After all this to strengthen the head, 
Cucusa.  and repel the relics of the disease, make a Cucusa of these herbs dried, (that is sew them betwixt two caps; see Chap. 3. Page 7.) viz. Roses, Knotgrass, Willow leaves, Nightshade, Marjoram, Mother of time, Hyssop, Rue.  
Also the savours of Castoreum, Musk, Ambergris, and to take Venice treacle, or Mithridate inwardly, 
Smells.  are medicinal for the disease.   


〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 caused by the Stomach.  CHAP, VIII. Of Headache caused of the Stomach.  
HItherto of diseases caused principally in the head itself; 
Cause.  now a word or two of pain of the head that cometh by consent from other places of the body; and first of that which is caused by some evil affection of the stomach; and that is caused by some sharp humour for the most part that aboundeth in the stomach, especially in the mouth of it, from whence corrupt vapours arising do ascend into the head.  
It may be known by that gnawing and biting pain they feel in their head, 
Signs.  by their proneness and desire to vomit; also if the sick fast and suffer hunger long, their pain is more vehement; for through long abstinence, the malice of the humour increaseth.  

Cure by vomiting.  In the cure of this disease, outward medicines will do no good; the best way of cure is by vomimiting, but first prepare the humours by giving Vinegar of Squils' two or three spoonfuls; 
Consider the strength of nature in the proportion of the vomit. Purging.  or four, if two or three work not, divers mornings before the vomit, (which may be infusion of Crocus metallorum i ℥. s.) for many time the humours are viscous and stick fast.  
If you suppose the stomach be furred after vomiting, give a scruple of Mastic pills every night going to bed for a week or such a matter.  
As for strengthening the stomach after the disease is cured, I shall speak plentifully when I come to speak of the diseases in the stomach.  
So also if headache come from the liver or spleen, or any part, you shall have plentiful remedies when I come to speak of the places where the cause lies, which is needless here; for take away the cause, the effect ceaseth.   

CHAP. IX. 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. coming of drunkenness. Cause.  Of Headache caused by drunkenness.  
THe causes are evident enough; for hot Wines, Strong-Waters and strong drinks fill the brain with vapours, and so much the more if the brain be hot by nature, if the os triquetrum be close shut, and the sutoriums close shut; for they bear drink less before they be drunk than others in which they are more open.  

Cure consisting in evacuation and refrigeration.  The cure consisteth chiefly in these two things, evacuation, refrigeration.  
If the Wine be yet indigested, give a vomit in the first place.  
If the headache remain after, you must use refrigeration to drive bacl the vapours that ascend into the head; that doth especially above all things Oil wherein Ivy leaves have been boiled, by anointing the head and temples and forehead.  
To prevent drunkenness are many medicines left by the ancients to posterity, 
Preventions.  but for mine own part, I, as yet, never tried any of them, as to eat six or seven bitter Almonds every morning fasting; to drink a draught of Wormwood-beere sirst in the morning; also to burn swallows in a crucible, feathers and all, eat a little of the ashes of them in the morning.   

CHAP. X. 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of fevers.  Of Headache caused of Fevers.  
IF Headache molest those that have Fevers, 
Praefatio  you ☜ must consider whether the body be laxative or not; for astringency in Feaves always causeth headache; 
Vel caeli vel signi, incertum est, puta signi.  if it be, than you must consider whether it began with the fever, or came only the fever increasing, near the Crisis, or when the Moon comes to the opposition of that sign and degree she was in at the decumbiture; if she or her beams reach but the place, give no physic; for vomiting or flux of blood by the nostrils will follow.  
But if the headache began at first with the fever, it is caused through vapours dispersed abroad through the vehemency of the fever, 
Cause.  as it were boiling up and ascending into the brain, and the brain also for the most part in this disease is weak and not able to repel it, but fit to receive it.  
If age permit, you may use bleeding. If strength permit, you may use cupping-glasses, but the chief remedy is by remedying the fever; for the cause being taken away, 
Cure. Tolle causam tollitur effectus  the effect ceaseth; and I intent hereafter to write a tractate only of fevers, to which I now refer it.   

CHAP. XI. 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  Of the Headache 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  

The dignotions of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek; in Latin, Cephalaea, in English an old and invetterate headache; it may be known from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by these notes; it hath been of long continuance, exceeding painful, hard to cease; every light occasion (as noise, loud speech, clear light, moving, drinking of Wine, strong smells, or the like) causes sharp or violent fits, the diseased desires to lie in the dark, to be quiet, often supposing that their heads are stuck with a hammer, also some do feel those things that are about their head, as though they were bruised or racked; this disease sometimes doth continue painful always, sometimes it comes by fits, with intermission, so that sometimes they think themselves perfectly whole. This disease doth vex Women ☜ more than men. In some the pia Mater (or skin that ☜ knits the senses together, which lieth round the brain within the dura mater) is vexed, in some only the ☜ Pericranium, or skin that covereth the skull round) is vexed.  
It is caused either by abundance of blood and other humours, or by the sharpness of the humours, 
Cause.  contained either within or without the scull, inflaming the head; also it is caused through weakness of the head.  
If the pain invade the sick with heaviness, 
Signs.  it showeth the disease to proceed of fullness and abundance of humours; if it come with pricking, gnawing and shooting, it betokeneth sharpness of humours; if it beat like pulses, it betokeneth inflammation; if there be felt distension or stretching out, without beating, or heaviness, it comes of wind; if there be beating with it, it is a hot wind; if heaviness, there are humours as well as wind; if the pain be felt superficially, or outwardly, the disease lies in the Pericranium; if inwardly, it lies in the Pia Mater, and then is there always a pain in the roots of the eyes; for the tunicles of the eyes have their beginning from the brain. ☜  
As for diet and air, the cause being known, 
Cure.  you may easily gather out of the former Chapter.  
If it come through abundance of humours, you may in the first place let blood.  
Oil of vervain used in Unction, is an approved medicine, unless there be inflammations or fevers joined with it; for them use Oil of Fleabane, both considered as in the former Chapters.  
Have a great care that sleep be moderate, and the body soluble.  
You may also (for fear of Relapsing) purge the head with strong Gargarisms, made with juice of Leeks, Pellitory of Spain, long Pepper, Mustard, or the like.  
Or by sneezing, if the infirmity lie within the scull.   

CHAP. XII. Of the Megrim. 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek; 
Description.  in Latin also Hemicranium; in English the Megrim; is a painful evil, lying in the one half of the head only; the right side, or the left; and is distinguished by the seam that runneth all along the scull, from the middle part of the forehead, to the hinder part of the head or nape of the neck; this pain cometh often by fits; and in some the grief is felt without the scull; in some within, and that deep in the brain; in some, in the Muscles near the Temples.  
It is caused by ascending or flowing of many vapours or humours, 
Cause.  or by the Arteries, or by both; and sometime it proceeds from the brain itself, thrusting out its excrements and superfluities, when the passages are stopped.  
The Signs whereby you may know whether vapours, 
Signs.  or humours do abound, whether they be hot or cold; whether within the scull, or without, may be drawn out of the former Chapters, only this I add; if the pain lie in the Pericranium, the pain is so vehement that they cannot suffer their heads to be touched with one's hand.  
Their Diet, what they should eat, and what they should eschew, 
Diet.  may be gathered out of the former Chapters, according to the diversity of the causes; yet let them by all means avoid all such things as send sharp vapours up into the Head, as, Garlic, ☜ Onions, Mustard, Radish roots, etc.  
If the Infirmity lie without the Scull, 
Cure.  as most commonly it doth, comb the head; if the pain lie on the right side, with a comb made of the right horn of a Ram, (I suppose it were best the Ram were killed when the Sun 
* Or at least when Mars is there.  is in Aries) if it lie on the left side, with a comb made of the left horn of a Ram; and this (for aught I know) may do it, if the disease lie within the Scull.  
If it lie near the Temples among the Musces, rub them often (either with your hand or with a cloth) till they be hot, when the pain is over, and that many times remedyeth the disease if it lie there.  
Also Euphorbium mixed with Oil, and put into the ear on that side the pain lies, take more or less Euphorbium, according as the parties senses are dull or quick; a scruple of Euphorbium is enough for an ounce of Oil, and one drop is sufficient to put into the ear at one time.  
Also Euphorbium dissolved in Vinegar, and applied by way of Unction to the grieved part of the head, profiteth much.  
But beware you use not Euphorbium, if the disease come of hot Humours, or Vapours.  
Also Earthworms beaten to powder, Snails, ☜ Peach kernels, Goat's dung mingled with Vinegar of Squils', are medicinal.  
If it comes of hot Humours, use those medicines prescribed for the headache coming of hot humours.  
If it come of plenitude, use blood betting.  
In fine, purge the Humour that causeth the Disease.   

CHAP. XIII. Of Vertigo or swimming in the Head.  
VErtigo is a Disease wherein a man thinketh all that he sees turns round; 
Description.  it is a Disease myself have been often for many years terribly vexed withal, insomuch that at the last I many times fell down in a swoon, and fainted; This Disease often turneth to the Falling-sickness, as it had almost done in myself, though after much and vast expense of Physic, one Vomit absolutely cured me; therefore I shall be more large in the signs of this Disease.  
This Disease is caused through inordinate moving of Vapours that are windy, 
Cause.  contained in certain parts of the Brain; this Disease is caused either, because the Brain itself is illaffected, or of Vapours ascending from the Stomach thither; the Brain itself is offended by a Humour aerial, from whence a windy spirit moveth inordinately about, and troubleth the apprehension; so that all things the man seethe, seem to turn round also; the Brain is offended by the mouth of the Stomach, when windy exhalations are carried from thence to the Brain, which happeneth by corruption or putrefaction in the Stomach, the Vapours of which being penetrating move about the Brain.  
Galen makes a great stir, and so also doth Hypocrates to prove two sorts of Vertigo; the one called Tene●●●● of a Vertigo; of some Scotoma: and this, say they, is the most dangerous, because it often turns to the Falling-sickness. Indeed I grant, the dark Vertigo turneth soon to the Falling-sickness, because it cometh of Atra bilis, or Choler adust: but Fuchsius thinks they err that think the Diseases to be two, because they differ a Tittle in quality: and truly so do I. All Gallen words may not be authentics; no, nor Hypocrates his neither: and neither Fuchsius nor myself were nor are so simple, but we know Choler yellow, will turn black, and adust in the Tunicle of the Stomach, and cause no other difference then changing the quality, not the nature of the Disease. But enough of this; I proceed to the Signs.  
A darkness or mist appeareth before their eyes that are troubled with this Disease, 
Signs.  and that upon every light occasion, especially if they drink but a cup of strong drink, or wine; or if they turn round: for it chanceth to them if they turn round once, as it doth to others when they turn round often times, so that sometimes they fall down. Also the same effect it brings to him, to see another man, or a wheel, or the water run round: therefore let such objects be avoided; for the vital spirits beholding it, turn about also, and so the moving of the Humour that causeth the Disease, is troubled, unequal and inordinate.  
When this Disease lieth in the brain only, without relation to the stomach, there followeth sound in the ears, pain in the head, sometimes vehement, and heaviness there; also the smelling and other senses are detrimented: their fits are chief when the Sun doth heat them, or when their head is hot by some other means: for Heat doth dissolve the Humours, and then they turn about the Brain.  
And indeed for aught I know, a clear Sunshine day is hurtful for those in whom the Disease proceeds from the Stomach, as mine did; and I found the same extremely prejudicial to me.  
Those in whom the Disease proceedeth from the Stomach, feel a gnawing in their Stomach before the fit come, and a disposition to vomit, and are as though they were heart-burnt.  
Also thus you may know of what Humour the Disease ☞ comes, by the apparent colour of things to their eyes: for if they appear yellow, the Disease comes of yellow Choler: if reddish or bloody, it comes of Blood, and is ☞ apt to fall into a frenzy or madness; if dark, it comes of Atra bilis, and is a forerunner of the Falling sickness, ☞ or Apoplexy. And thus much for example sake.  
Also these Diseases are most violent in that time of the year that suiteth best with their nature; as Choler in Summer, Melancholy in Autumn, etc.  
If this Disease be caused by Vapours that ascend from the Stomach, 
Cure.  as mine did, Vomiting is a speedy cure, and the only cure I could find.  

Cautions. For only that wind causeth Whirlwinds.  Let the sick avoid the beams both of Sun and Moon; all Winds, especially South winds: nor let him behold any thing that moves round, nor any deep thing.  
Let him avoid fasting and fullness, all meats that engender wind, that are of a dilative quality, and send Vapours up to the head: such be Milk, Onions, Garlic, Leeks.  
Let him eschew sleep in the day, saith Galen: but for mine own part I found ease in nothing else.  
Let his Meat be of good Juice, 
Diet,  and good Digestion.  
If the Disease come of Blood, use Blood-letting.  
Let the Sick avoid perturbation of mind, anger, fear, sadness, loud crying and singing.  
Let him not keep his Head too hot, nor abide in an Air too hot, or too cold; and let him stir his Head as little as may be.  
In a word, keep his Stomach clean with Vomits, and his Head with Pil. Alephanginae.  
Acetum scilliticum is a sovereign remedy, and Southernwood is the Herb proper for the Disease.   

CHAP. XIV. Of Frenzy.  

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Description.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, in Latin also Phrenitis, in English a Frenzy, is a Disease that troubles the mind, dangerous and difficult to cure: it differs from Madness thus; 
Definition  a Fever ever accompanies a Frenzy, but never Madness.  
A Frenzy is a continual Madness and Fury, with raging and vexation of mind, 
Division.  accompanied with an acute Fever, caused through inflammation of the Brain, or the films thereof.  

Three sorts of Frenzies.  There are three internal senses in the Head; Imagination, Judgement, Memory: and a man may be frenetick (or as our common English word saith, Frantic) in any of these.  
Some are frenetick only in Imagination; imagining they see things they do not, and yet do give a right judgement of things they do see; and remember every man, and call him by name: in such fantasy only is distempered.  
Other apprehend things truly, yet judge falsely of them; as a Patient I had, that judged his father would kill him, and therefore fled his presence; as also, that he was some great person. There the seat of Judgement is chief vexed.  
The third is compound of these two, and they err in every thing, and know no body, nor remember any thing; and in such the Brain is totally distempered.  
The Frenzy is caused of abundance of Choler, 
Cause.  and choleric Blood, either in the Brain, or films thereof; and if the Choler be adust, the Disease is vehement and pernicious.  
Besides, 
Signs.  a terrible Fever and Madness, for the most part they cannot sleep; if they do sleep at all, it is troublesome: many times when they do sleep, they start up out of it suddenly, and rage, and cry out furiously; they babble words without order or sense, and very seldom answer directly to a question; their Water many times is thin and clear; and if it be so, it is so much the worse: many times the softlier you speak to them, the louder they answer.  
Their Eyes are blood-shotten, bleared and staring, and sometime dry, and sometimes full of sharp and scalding tears; most of them pull and tear all the  about them to pieces: their Pulses are small, weak and slow, and they fetch their breath but seldom: that which cometh of Blood, causeth inordinate laughter; and Choler, immoderate fury: also such must be bound in their beds; they forget every thing speedily that they either do or say. I have seen one call for a Chamber-pot, and so soon as he had it, either had forgot what it was, or else forgot to piss in it.  
Concerning the usage of the Sick; 
Aire  if it be winter, let the air be warm; if in summer, let it be cold: a whited wall is best; for diversity of colours or pictures are naught.  
Some are troubled with light in their Fits, and some with darkness; therefore you had best try them both, and let him have light that is afraid of darkness, and keep him dark that is offended with light: but if the Sick be indifferent, between both, let the strongest have light, and keep ●●e weakest darkest.  
Let his dearest friends come to him, and let some speak friendly to him, and let some of them speak harshly and roughly to him; for there is no rule with such persons, unless they stand in awe of some body.  
If strength permit, 
Bleeding.  let him bleed largely in the arm, and two or three days after under the tongue.  
Keep his body laxative. 
Stool.   
Force him to sleep with Opium; 
Sleep.  if his body be strong, you need not fear to give him four or five grains at a time: also hang soporiferous things about his Head, as Mandrakes, Nightshade, Poppy, Henbane, etc. and anoint his head and temples with oil of Poppy, if he sleep not without these.  
Let his drink be water, 
Drink.  in which Cinnamon hath been boiled.  
Let his meat be exceeding little, 
Meat.  and let that little be of very good and speedy digestion.  
Also, I have found by experience, 
Cure  Castoreum to be very medicinal for the Disease, taken inwardly.  
For other Medicines, your best way is to labour to remove that Humour which causeth the Disease: of which Medicines you may be furnished in the peculiar chapter belonging to the particular Humour.   

CHAP. XV. Of the Lethargy.  
IN direct opposition to a Frenzy, 
Description.  is the Disease called a Lethargy; which causeth sluggishness, and an inexpugnable desire to sleep.  
This word Lethargy, is a Greek word, compounded of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  which signifies forgetfulness; and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which signifies slothful, or dull: and therefore in stead of Veternus, the common Latin word, it might be better (or at least better in my opinion) be called Oblivio iners, a sluggish forgetfulness.  

Names. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Subeth. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. It is affirmed by many good Physicians, that there is such a Disease as Coma Vigilans, but as yet I never saw any possessed with it.  This sluggish Disease hath gotten many names; it is called by some Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, of the Arabians Subeth; of some Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; and this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, say they, is of two sorts: Coma somnolentum, or a sleepy Coma: the other called Vigilans coma, or a waking Coma; because such as have Lethargies seem to be awake many times, when they are not. Many have thought these Diseases to be all different, because different places have given it different names; yet all confess the cause of them all to be the same, and then the difference can be only in the Complexion of the party grieved.  
It is caused of Phlegm, 
Cause.  which cooleth the Brain overmuch, and moisteneth it, and thereby provoketh sleep.  
They are always in a profound and dead sleep; 
Signs.  their Pulse is great, and striketh seldom, and beateth as though it were in water; they fetch breath seldom, and weakly, and are so sluggish and sleepy, that they can hardly be forced to answer to a question: sometimes they will open their eyes, if you cry aloud to them, but they instantly shut them again: they are exceeding forgetful, and always talk idly in their sleep; they gape and yawn often, and sometime keep their mouth open, as though they had forgot to shut it: some are costive, 
Cure.  others laxative; their Urine is like Beasts Urine, stinking; some tremble and sweat all over.  
Let the chamber wherein the Sick doth lie, 
Aire.  be very light, and very warm.  
Let his Diet be such things as extenuate, 
Diet.  cut and dry, and let it be seasoned with Aniseed, Cummin-seed, Pepper, Cinnamon, Ginger, Cloves, etc.  
For Potherbs, let him use Asparagus, Parsley, Fennel, and such like: and after eating, bind the extreme parts (viz. the Thighs) hard, that the Vapours ascend not up into the Head.  
You may burn Brimstone under his Nose, 
Nassali●.  or assa foetida to awake him.  
Give him strong Gargarisms, 
Gargarisms.  made with Pellitory of Spain, and Mustard: also you may safely put a whole spoonful of Mustard into his mouth at once.  
Also you may boil Time, Pennyroyal and Origanum in Vinegar, and dip a sponge in it, and hold it always to his Nose.  
You may shave off his Hair, and keep his Head always moistened with Vinegar of Roses: also it is excellent to let it drop down from some high place upon the crown of his Head.  
Povoke him often to sneeze with white Hellebore. 
Sneezing.   
Also, 
Clysters.  in this Disease you may safely administer sharp and scouring Clysters, with Collocynthis, Agrick, Electuary Benedicia laxativa, species hierae picrae, and the like, in the common decoction.  
The Disease declining, purge Phlegm.  
Castoreum is also exceeding medicinal for this Disease, 
Purge,  either taken inwardly, or applied outwardly.   

CHAP. XVI. Of Forgetfulness.  
THe loss of Memory chanceth sometimes a-alone, and sometimes Reason is hurt with it.  
It is caused of Lethargies, and other soporiferous Diseases; 
Cause,  for they being ended many times leave Forgetfulness behind them, and then it comes of a cold distemper. This coldness hath sometimes dryness joined with it, and sometimes moisture, and sometimes nothing but a bare distemper: to know this, you must diligently observe the causes whence it ariseth.  
The causes are two; internal, external: if they be internal, either abundance of Phlegm, or Melancholy is the cause of it; if there be no signs of these abounding, than it comes of some external cause, (unless it come through extreme old age.)  
The external causes you may know by the relation of the sick, or those that are about him; if any disease have newly passed and so turned into oblivion, if medicines were applied outwardly on administered inwardly, which extremely cooled the brain; or if it came of study, watching, etc.  
If the memory be but a little hurt, 
Signs.  it shows the brain to be but a little cooled; if reason be also hurt, than the disease is vehement.  
If it come of a dry distemper, the sick watcheth much, and can hardly be brought to sleep.  
If moisture only offend, then are they heavy, inclined to sleep, and their sleeps are long and troublesome.  
If could be joined with the moisture, it is a perfect Lethargy, though perhaps but breeding, and then the excrements are many at the mouth and nose, proceeding from the brain.  
If melancholy be the cause, he will not be very desirous of sleep, nor void excrements from his brain; besides all circumstances, and the state of his whole body incline to cold and dryness.  
For to give a true judgement of a disease, you must consider the complexion of the party, the region that he lives in, the times of the year, the state of the air, and the diet he hath used.  
Let his diet be different according to the cause of his disease; as for example, 
Diet.  if it come of coldness let it be hot, etc.  
But what ever the cause be, the air must not be cold, nor the room dark, 
Caution.  nor any windows open North or South, for the one cooleth, 
I should think the East were worst.  the other stuffeth the head.  
If it come through age, Physic avails little.  
If the memory fail suddenly, either falling sickness or Apoplexy is following, 
Prognostica.  for cure of which use such means of prevention, as you shall be taught to cure them when they are come in their proper chapters.  
If it come of other causes, viz. of cold, heat the brain; of dryness, moisten the brain.  
Things medicinal, 
Cure.  are Castoreum, Oleum de lateribus, Rew, Balm, Betony, Rosemary, Marjoram.  
Of Compound, confectio anacardina, Diamosebum dulce, Diambra, Mithridate, Theriacha. These not only remedy memory lost, but help and mend it being dull.   

CHAP. XVII. Of Catalepsis.  

Name●. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. detentio, occupatio, congelatio. Description.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, is called in Latin, Occupatio, detention, and Deprebensio; Modern Writers call it Congelatio, in English it is called congelation, or taking, and by the ignorant struck with a Planet.  
It is a sudden detention and taking both of body and mind, both sense & moving being lost, the sick remaining in the same figure of body wherein he was taken; whether he sit only, or whether his mouth and eyes were open or shut, as they are taken in the disease so they remain.  
This disease is a mean between a Lethargy and a frenzy, 
Cause.  for it cometh of a melancholy humour; Therefore in respect of coldness it agreeth with a Lethargy, and in respect of dryness with a frenzy; and the effects are in a medium between them both; Sometimes abundance of blood is joined with the melancholy humour, and sometimes only pure melancholy; both invade the hinder part of the brain.  
They that are taken with this disease, are always taken suddenly, 
Signs.  both speech and sense are taken from him; he neither speaketh nor heareth, his breath scarcely to be perceived; he lies like a dead man, his pulse is small, weak, and very thick; his egestion and urine are either very little or none at all, which seems to proceed from want of sense; for the sick abounds (most commowly) with moisture; For melancholy is an humour dry in operation, ☜ not in quality; Their face is sometimes red, and that is when blood is mingled with the melancholy; and sometimes swarth, and then pure melancholy oppresseth; the eyes in this disease remain , as though they were frozen.  
The diet is different according to the cause; 
Diet.  only in general let him avoid all such meats and drinks as send vapours up into the head; also water is hurtful be cause it swelleth the spleen. Barley water wherein Cinnamon hath been boiled is good.  
If blood abound, and strength and years permit; 
Bleeding.  let him blood in the Cephalique of the arm, as much as strength will permit.  
If melancholy abound, 
Clysters.  cleanse the guts with clysters made of things proper for melancholy: such be borage, bugloss, fumitory, time, epithimum, polipodium, ☜ senna, cassia fistula, confectio Hamech, etc.  
If the head be hot, cool it with oil of fleabane; 
Refrigeration.  if too cold, heat it with oil of vervain.  
Black hellebore corrected with Cinnamon is very medicinal; so is mother of time. 
Cure.   
If trembling accompany the disease, give Castoreum.  
As for other remedies, you may find them in the chapters of frenzy, and lethargy before; and in the Chapter of melancholy, which is to follow after.   

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Apoplexy.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek and Latin, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  is also called an Apoplexy in English; and is a disease wherein the fountain and original of all the sinews is affected, 
Definition.  and so every part of the body doth suddenly lose sense and motion, throughout the whole body.  
If this stopping come only in one half of the body, 
Cause.  it is called the Palley; of which hereafter.  
The Apoplexy is caused by a gross tough and clammy humour, (engendered for the most part by drunkenness;) which (being crude) fills the principal ventricles of the brain.  
It is caused also by a fall or a blow, which bruiseth and shaketh the brain, and causeth the humours to ☞ flow thither.  
Also those that are brought up in hot countries, when they come to live in cold countries, many times the cold only congealeth the humours and causeth the disease.  
There goeth before this disease a sharp pain in the head, 
Signs.  a swelling of the veins in the neck, the vertigo and brightness before the eyes, coldness of the extreme parts without cause known, panting of the whole body, slowness to move, and gnawing of the teeth, while they sleep; their urine is little in quantity, and black, like rust or canker of mettle, and hath a residence like meal; they lack sense altogether, and lie with their eyes shut, as though they were asleep and snort.  
The vehemency of this disease, may be known by their impediments in breathing; if their breathing differ but little from another man's that is in health, it shows the disease is but weak; but when they can hardly be perceived to breath at all, it is the strongest Apoplexy; and little better is theirs where the breath seems to be stopped for a while, and then fet with great violence.  
This disease happens most frequently to aged people, phlegmatic folk, and to such as use such diet as increaseth ☜ phlegm.  
This disease is seldom cured, and seldomer but it leaves the dead palsy behind it; and than it is but half cured. ☜  
A strong Apoplexy for the most part kills a man in 24 hours; many times in half the time. ☜  
Bleeding is a desperate physic for an Apoplexy, well befitting such a desperate disease; for it kills or cares quickly. ☜  
Provoke him to stool, with mighty sharp and strong clysters. 
Stool.   
Bind the thighs hard, and rub them vehemently. 
Ligaments:   
You may shave the head, and bathe it with oil of Rew, Camomel, or Dill. 
Unction.   
You may fasten Cupping-glasses good store to the shoulders. 
Cupping.   
You may burn stinking things under his nose, as Ca●●oreum, Assa Foetida, Saga-penum, Galbanum. 
Nasalia.   
You may provoke him to sneeze, with white Hellebore. 
Sneezing.   
You may apply Castoreum, and Euphorbium, with vinegar to his head. 
Cucufa. Vomit.   
You may provoke him to vomit with turbith minerale, ☞ mercurius vitae, or lac sulphuris, which is the best medicine I know. 
Lacsulphuris. I take it doth not procure vomit, but is diaphoretical.   
Thus much for the cure of an Apoplexy, if it may be cured.   

CHAP. XIX. Of the dead Palsy in one side.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  in Latin Resolutio, in English the dead palsy; 'tis a disease wherein the one half of the body, either the right side or the left, doth lose either sense or moving, 
Definition.  or both, either totally or partially.  
But note here that the palsy that followeth the Apoplexy, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  is properly and particularly called by the Greeks' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  
In the palsy sometimes sesne only is lost, and not moving, sometimes moving and not sense, and sometimes both sense and moving; yet the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, signifies properly loss of motion.  
A word to satisfy the curious, Quest. that may ask why sometimes sense only, and sometimes motion only, should be lost?  
You must note that the faculty of motion, Answ. as well as that of sense, flows from the brain, as from the fountain, and is derived from thence by the nerves to the instruments of sense and motion; and so either sense or motion is lost, according as the sinews that convey sense or motion are affected in the disease; therefore it being considered that divers members participate in two kinds of sinews; the one for sense, the other for motion, 
I do not yet understand this.  the doubt is easily cleared. One sinew may be hurt; and motion is lost; the other may be hurt, and that far; then sense is lost and motion remains; both are hurt, and then farewell (pro tempore) sense and motion.  
If members participate but of one sinew, as few do, (perhaps none) yet Galen saith some do, and at present I cannot contradict him; 
I rather adhear to this judgement.  less virtue is required for feeling then for motion, saith he; and so if the sinew be much hurt, sense and motion are both lost; if it be but little hurt, only motion is lost.  
The matter indeed is scarce worth disputing for, or writing of, and therefore I proceed.  
The Original of this disease lies sometimes in the Brain, 
Description.  and sometimes in the marrow of the back.  
If the disease lie in the back, (as but seldom it doth) then is the face firm, and then sometimes half, sometimes the whole body is paralytic, according as the half or whole marrow of the back is vitiated.  
If it come from the Brain, it lies only in some particular Pellicles thereof; for if the whole Brain be vitiated, it is an Apoplexy.  
These things being first duly considered, we come to the cause.  
It is caused through vehement and inordinate cold, 
Cause▪  or through gross and clammy▪ Humours that stop the passages, that the animal virtue cannot pass freely from the Centre to the Circumference.  
If it come from the back, it is caused through Inflammation, or hard swelling without sense called Schirrus, happening at the back bone, or nigh to it, or other siinewy part, dependant thereon; whereby the sinews are pressed together, and so stopped, that the animal virtue cannot pass. It may happen by ablow or wound.  
The Disease is so apparent that it needs no Signs.  
The Palsy is no acute o● sharp Disease, 
Prognostica.  and for the most part is curable.  
☞ It chanceth (for the most part) to ancient people, and beginneth (commonly) in the Winter time.  
If the Palsy come by a cut or wound, it is incurable, and very difficult, if the Paralitique members wane, or won less and less; for than it showeth the parts to want spirit natural as well as animal.  
Let his Diet be extenuating and drying, 
Diet.  let his Meat be easy of digestion and roasted. viz. Birds that frequent dry grounds, Almonds, Raisins of the Sun, Pine Nuts.  
For Potherbs, 
Herbs.  let him use Fennel, Pursley, Hisop, Margerum, Sage and Savory.  
Let him eschew Waterfowl, 
Caution.  Fish, and all other meats that are cold and moist, and phlegmatic.  
Let the Air he abides in be hot and dry; 
Aire.  if not, make it so by Art.  
Let him drink no Wine but Hippocras, 
Drink.  and let him use Cinnamon in all his drink, or broth.  
It is good for him to endure as much thirst as he can.  
Let his sleeps be but mean, 
Sl●epe.  and let him not sleep at all in the day.  
Let him use as much exercise as well he can. 
Exercise.   
Let, him be merry and cheerful, 
Mirth.  and fly anger, vexation, and other perturbations of the mind.  
If there be signs of Plenitude, 
Bleeding.  you may draw out blood (moderately, for fear of overcooling) of the sound side; else forbear.  
If he have not a Stool once a day, 
Clysters.  provoke him with a Clyster.  
Acetum Scilliticum, 
Cure.  or Vinegar of Squils' taken two spoonfuls every morning, fasting, is a sovereign medicine.  
So is also Castoreum. 
Sneezing.   
If it lie in the Brain sneezing is good, which you may provoke with white Hellebore, but let it be in the Evening, the party in bed, and their head wrapped warm for fear of after-claps. 
Unction.   
Also use Unctions to the nape of the neck (for their the marrow of the hack hath its passage▪ to the Brain) use first weak ones, such as Oil Chamomel, 
More properly the Brain hath its passage to the spinalis medulla. Bath.  Dill, St john's Wort or Earthworms. Then after some days such as are stronger, as Oil of Bricks, or Tile-stones, Castoreum and Euphorbium. Wherewith you may anoint all the paralitique members, wrapping them up hot afterwards in a Fox skin.  
Also you may make a Bath with St john's Wort, Rosemary, Staechas, Sage, Margerum, and Camomel, boiled in Water, wherewith you may bathe the paralique members before you anoint them. 
Ceratum:   
Also this Cerecloth is excellent to apply to the paralitique members. Take of Oil two. ℥. Oil of Pepper, i. ℥. ss. Oil of Euphorbium, two. ʒ. Aqua vitae two. ℥. ss. juice of sage & Marjoram or cowslips of each two. ℥. ss. Galanga iii. ʒ. Pellitory of the wall and pepper, of each a dram, Staechas and Rosemary, of each two. ʒ. Euphorbiumʒ. ss. boil it till the Aqua vitae be consumed, then strain it, and put wax enough to it to make a Cerecloth.  
Also you may make a quilt for his head with Hyssop, 
Cucufa.  Marjoram, St john's Wort, Sage, Rew, Bay-leaves of each two. ʒ. Spikenard, Mastic, Castoreum, and Staechas, of each two. ℈. Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, of each i ℈. red-rose-leaves well dried, half a handful, make of them a quilt, as you are taught Chapter 3.  
Use these medicines to the head if the disease lie there; to the nape of the neck, and the back bone, if the disease lie there.   

CHAP. XX. Of the Palsy in one Member.  
ALthough any expert man may draw out of what hath been written before, the cure of the resolution of any member, the radix being the same, yet to satisfy the unskilful, I thought good to write a line or two.  
If any member be paralitique, search from what root the sinews come that supply that member, and mend it there at the root with the former medicines.  
There is also a kind of Palsy called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  in Latin Tortura oris, in English wrinesse of the mouth; this you may cure also by the aforesaid medicines: besides, yo● may hold a lookingglass before him, that he may see what an ugly face he makes, and so labour to amend it.   

CHAP XXI. Of the Falling-sickness.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, the Latins call it Morbus Comitialis, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  and the English, the Falling-sickness.  
It is a Convulsion, drawing and stretching of all the parts of the whole body, not continually, but at sundry times, with hurt of the mind and sense.  
It is so called, because it attacheth both the sense and feeling of the head, and also of the mind.  

Three causes of Falling-sickness.  There be three causes of the Falling-sickness.  
The first is caused when the disease lieth only in the Brain; and that is caused two ways. 1. When gross, tough and clammy Humours phlegmatic, stop the passage of the spirits animal in the Pellicles of the Brain. 2. 
See my Anatomy of the brain.  When the same oppilation is caused by Choler.  
Secondly, it is caused through the evil affect of the Stomach, sending up vapours thither, which the brain labours to repel, and by the reluctancy causeth the disease.  
Thirdly, it is caused through a cold air which the Patient may feel creeping up from one member or another, to the Brain; but this chanceth but seldom, especially in these climates.  
There goeth before this disease, 
Signs.  an unwise state of the body and mind; sadness, forgetfulness, troublesome dreams, headache, continual fullness in the head, especially in anger, paleness in the face, inordinate moving of the tongue; many by't their tongues, as soon as the fit takes them they fall down, their limbs are drawn together, they snort and sometimes cry out: many tremble when the fit comes upon them, and run round, but the peculiar sign of this disease is foaming at the mouth.  
This disease happeneth most to young folk.  
Let the Air the sick abides in, 
Aire.  be hot and dry, if the disease be caused of Phlegm, let it becold and moist, 
Diet.  if it be caused of Choler.  
Let him eschew all meats that are hard of digestion, and stopping, and such as are of a dilative quality, 
Vomit. Cure. My thinks I might have bestowed the p●ins to have quoted a few more medecines, yet seeing ●is as 'tis see my recepts.  and all Wine, the older the worse.  
If the Disease proceed from the Stomach, clear it by a vomit▪  
The best remedy, which is most sure and approved, is, a Male peony root dug up, ☉ in ♌ rising on sunday morning, the Moon increasing, Aries culminating; hung about their necks; which by a hidden planetary virtue cureth it. Also the juice of peony roots dog up at that time, and made into a syrup with Sugar taken inwardly doth the like.   

CHAP. XXII. Of Convulsion and Cramps.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek; in Latin Convulsio; in English Convulsion and Cramp: 
Definition.  is a Disease in which the sinews are drawn and plucked up together against ones will.  
There are divers kinds of this Disease, 
Kind's.  three of these kinds lie in the neck.  
The first is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; in Latin Distentio; it is when the neck remaineth altogether immovable; so that it cannot be turned any way, but must always be held strait forward.  
The second is called Tentio ad anteriora, when the head or neck is drawn down towards the breast.  
The third is called Tensio ad posteriora, when the head is drawn backward.  
The fourth kind of Convulsion, is that which usually is called the Cramp, and is a drawing together of the sinews of some particular limb.  
The fift is that which is usually called Convulsion-fits, and a wreathing or drawing up together all the sinews on the one side of the body.  
This Disease is caused through fasting, fullness, 
Cause.  pricking of an Artery, or the biting of a venomous beast, that the venom come to the Nerve.  
The fift of these is only mortal, and takes away many young Children.  
For Children: Spirit of Castoreum, 
Cure.  Aqua paralitica Mathioli, Aqua antepileptica langij, are medicinal.  
For aged people; if it come of fullness, 
Of fullness.  purge and vomit, then use the precedent medicines.  
If it come of fasting, 
Fasting.  it is more perilous; the best remedy that I know then, is the decoction of China roots.  

Pricking of a nerve.  If it come by pricking an Artery, as many times it doth in blood-letting through the unskilfulness of the Chirurgeon, or unruliness of the Patient. If it be much hurt, the only way I know, is to cut it quite as●●der, and lose the use of the limb, to save your life.  

Stinging of venomous creatures.  If it come by stinging of any venomous creature, make the wound bigger, and draw out the poison with Venice treacle applied to it plaster-wise.  
Finally, wear for the Cramp, a Ring made of a Ram's horn, the Ram slain ☉ in ♈, in the hour of the Sun, he either rising or culminating.   

CHAP. XXIII. Of the Mare.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  in Latin Incubus, is a Disease that happens only in the night, to people in bed, wherein they conceive themselves over-pressed with a great weight, which almost strangles them.  

The ridiculous conceits of the vulgar.  The simple sort call it the Mare, and conceit and affirm, that they feel it with their hand, and hear it fall down in the chamber; yea, I have heard one affirm, she heard it come in at the gate. The truth (or rather falsehood) of all this, will appear in the description.  
This Disease is caused of excessive drinking, 
Cause.  also of continual rawness of the Stomach; whence are sent gross and cold Vapours, which fill the ventricles of the Brain, letting the dispersing of the faculties thereof by the sinews.  
This Disease always invades those that are asleep, 
Description.  and most of all such as lie upon their backs; 
Signs.  they suppose a great weight lies upon them, and stops their breath, that they cannot move, and dream that they are almost strangled, and would cry out, but their voice is stopped; and in●●ed they groan pitifully, at last being something wakened, and able to stir, the passage is opened and they eased.  
This Disease (though seeming light) is not to be neglected, 
Caution.  by reason of its affinity with the Apoplexy and Falling-sickness.  
Let him never lie on his back.  
Let his Diet be such as breedeth not wind, nor is of a dilative quality. 
Diet.   

Blood-letting. Cure.  If there be signs of fullness, use bleeding.  
Let him not go to bed till digestion be perfected; Vinegar of Squils' taken two spoonfuls in the morning fasting; and if digestion be weak, 
I have been myself, and have known others strangely troubled with this disease, since the writing hereof, and in a fare different manner from what he e is written; but the margin is too small to hold the Story.  one spoonful presently after meat digesteth the humours and cures the Disease.  
Keep the head and neck always warm. Also you may take inwardly such things as strengthen the brain, such be, Aromaticum Rosatum, Diamoscum dulce, Diambra, Dianthon, etc.   

CHAP. XXIV. Of Madness.  

Difference betwixt 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, is a Disease which the Latins call Insania and Furor; in English Madness and Fury, they that have this Disease be unruly like wild Beasts.  
The difference betwixt this and the Frenzy, is this: A Fever always accompanies a Frenzy, but never this Disease called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Madness.  
It is caused of much blood flowing up into the Brain; 
Cause.  sometimes this blood offends in quantity only, and sometimes in quality, when it is melancholy: The supper fluity of melancholy, causeth alienation of mind, and causeth the man to be foolish and beside ☜ himself.  
I shall only in this Chapter treat of madness coming of blood. 
Signs.   
There goeth before Madness, weakness of the head, tickling of the ears, shinings before the eyes, great watch, strange thoughts approach the mind, heaviness of the head, a ravenous appetite, a forwardness to bodily lust, the eyes stare, and seldom either wink or beckon.  
If it come of blood only, they laugh continually, and the sick thinketh he seethe before his eyes things to laugh at.  
If any Choler be mingled with the blood, than the pricking and swift moving of the brain, makes them angry, ireful, moving and bold.  
In the first place bleed them, 
Bleeding. ☞  and then by the colour of the blood you may discern easily the quality predomnate.  
If it be a Woman, breath a vein in the ankles, for ☞ that provokes the terms.  
Let their Diet be such as breeds little blood, till they are almost starved.  
In many the humours is waxed gross, and settled by long continuance, and such are worst to cure, though perhaps they be patientest, for the time, yet look for them to be furious enough, when the humour is stirred, and made thinner.  
If it come of blood only, you may draw away blood abundantly, from the arm, under the tongue from the forehead, from the fundament with leeches  
If Choler be mixed with the blood I refer you to the Chapter of Frenzy.  
If of Melancholy, the next Chapter shall instruct you, only let him eat little, drink no strong drink nor wine; sleep much, and go to stool orderly.   

CHAP. XXV. Of Melancholy.  
BY Melancholy, here I mean, not the simple complexion; for without that, none can live; but the alteration of the complexion in quantity, quality, or seat.  
It cometh without a fever, 
Description.  and is engendered of melancholy occupying the mind, and changing the temperature of the brain.  
It is caused three ways. Sometimes it is caused of the common vice of melancholy blood, 
Caused 3 ways.  being in all the veins of the body, and so hurteth the brain.  
Sometimes the blood only in the brain is altered, 
Had this been to do again, I could have done it ten tim●s better.  the blood in other parts of the body being safe.  
And sometimes it is engendered through inflammation about the spleen, and so sending up melancholy vapours thither.  
The most common signs be fearfulness; sadness, hatred, strange imaginations; For some think themselves bruit beasts, and counterfeit their noise and voice; 
Signs.  myself knew one, this present year 1645. that thought himself only a man, and all other men beasts that came to devour him, and stood with a staff to beat every one that came near him, whom I persuaded that he was made of a black pot, and if he did not speedily get him into his house, I would throw a stone at him, and break him; which was so upon his imagination, that he threw away his staff and ran in, and would suffer none to touch him for fear they should break him.  
Innumerable such fancies are mentioned by Authors which I forbear to mention.  

This is according to the cause; if the cause be fear, than they think others will kill them; if of grief, they seek to kill themselves; if of love, the natural blood is infected because the liver is the seat of love, I want room, guess the rest by these.  As how one conceited he had a fish in his blood, another durst not piss for fear he should drown the world, a third conceited he had no head, and a fourth that he was made of butter; all which, and the ways and means by which they were cured you may read in A. P. his Chirurgery: but to proceed. Many desire death, and some do kill themselves, others are afraid of death, and think their best friends when they see them determine to kill them; some laugh; some weep; some think themselves inspired with the holy Ghost, and prophesy of things to come.  
Also the state of their body is slender, black, rough dry and hard in touching, and altogether melancholious.  
This is caused through excessiveness of some passion, as love, joy, grief, etc. or through much study, watching, stopping of the Hemoroides, or Menstrua, or the eating of wicked and melancholic meats.  
But in such in whom it is caused by the Spleen, they have rawness, much wind, sharp belchings, burn and greivousnesse of the sides, the sides are drawn upwards, and many times they have Inflammations there. Also costiveness, little sleep, troublesome and naughty dreams, swimming in the head, and sound in the ears.  
Let him abhor melancholy Diet. 
Diet,   
Let the Air he abides in be hot and moist. 
Aire.   
Let his Meat be hot and moist, of good digestion and breeding good blood. Young borage boiled and buttered is good meat for him.  
Black Hellebore corrected with Cinnamon, 
Purge.  is a good purge for him, so is decoction of Epithimam.  
Fumitory is a sovereign herb for the disease, and so is betony.  
If the infirmity lie in the whole body, 
Bleeding.  you have no other remedy but you must bleed him often, because all the blood is corrupted.  
If it lie in the head only, bleeding is needles, only follow his humours, and comfort him with Cordials and Cephaliques, that strengthen the brain; such be of simples, Betony, Red-roses, Harts-tongue, Endive, ☜ Borrage, bugloss and Violet- flowers. Of compounds, Aromaticum rosatum, Diamoscu dulce, Anacardina, Laetificans, Galleni, Dianthon, species cordiales temperatae, etc. And his best Doctor is Dr Merry-man.  
But if it proceed from the Spleen; for Simples use Centaury, pennyroyal, Wormwood, and Germander and Bay-berries, apply to the region of the Spleen an Emplaster of Melilot for the Spleen.  
Also you may provoke them to sneeze with Betony in powder snuffed up in their nose. 
Sneezing.   
There are divers other manners of cure which I omit here, my scope being in this place to treat of it, as it annoyeth the brain only; I may happen to write of the redundance of all the complexions severally and distinctly by themselves; to which I refer you.   

CHAP. XXVI. Of Trembling or shaking of any Limb, called commonly the shaking Palsy.  
THis Disease commonly goeth a little before death, especially in acute diseases and sursers, and then it is an evident sign death is near.  
It many times troubles aged people, and then it is incurable.  
It is also caused by fear; 
Cause.  then remove the fear, and the trembling is gone.  
Sometimes it comes by accident, as immoderate cold taken, abundance of gross, thick and clammy humours, much drinking of Wine, etc.  
There needs no signs to be showed.  
For Diet, 
Diet.  use such things as cut, divide and extenuate; let him eschew all things that hurt the sinews; all Wines.  
The best cure that I know, 
Cure.  (which indeed is sufficient) I have known men of ninty years of age, kept from this infirmity, 
Question less such things as strengthen the Nerves are excellent; I am sorry I was so brief.  only at night when they go to bed, by rubbing their fingers between their toes, and smelling to them.  
Yet if you be troubled with it already, your best way is first (when you have learned what humour it is that troubles you) to purge out that humour.  
In this Treatise are many Aphorisms, which are marked with a hand in the Margin, which the studious in Physic, especially young Students, if they please to write them out by themselves, may find wonderful useful.  Plures gulâ periêre quàm gladio. 
FINIS.   

FEBRILIA: OR, A TREATISE OF FEVERS In General.  
By NICHOLAS CULPEPPER, Student in Astrology and Physic.  
Printed in the Year 1655.   

I Revised this Treatise of FEVERS; the Method of which was Galen's. This I am confident, it containeth most excellent Truths.  
Nich. Culpepper.   

CHAP. I. A Table of FEVERS.  
A Fever is an unnatural heat engendered 

In the Spirits.  
In the Humours.  
In the fleshy parts.    
In the Spirits it causeth 

Ephemeris, or an one day Fever.  
Synochus non Putrida, or a Fever lasting three or four days.    
In the Humours it causeth a rotten Fever, and the Humours rot 

Within the Vessels.  
Without the Vessels    
Within the Vessels 

All the Humours rot and so cause Sinochus putrida.  
Only one Humour, & so by Putrefaction 

Of Choler, a continual Tertian.  
Of Phlegm, a continual Quotidian.  
Of Melancholy, a continual Quartane.      
Without the Vessels by putrefaction. 

Of Choler, an intermitting Tertian Ague.  
Of Phlegm, that is 

Sweet, an intermitting Quotidian-Ague.  
Glazen, it causeth Epialos.    
Of Melancholy, an intermitting Quartane Ague.    
In the fleshy parts it causeth 

Hective Fevers.  
Marasmos.     

CHAP. II. A Comment upon the Table of Fevers.  
A Fever is an unnatural heat, which taketh its beginning at the heart, 
Definition.  and is spread from thence through the whole body by the arteries and veins; hurting or letting thereby the operation of the parts thereof.  
The body of man is generally divided by Hypocrates into three parts; The things contained, the thing containing, and the thing that gives life and motion to both.  

1. The things contained are humours;  
2 The thing containing the humours is the flesh;  
3 The spirits give life and motion to both.   
In all these three, distinctly, and severally, happen fevers.  
For if this unnatural heat (for a man may be naturally hot, and is hotter at one time, then at another, yet hath no fever;) be kindled in the Spirits, it causeth either a fever which the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin diaria, in English an one day fever; 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  because in this fever, there chanceth but one fit; and that lasteth nor above a day; For and that lasteth not above a day; For as a bottle filled with hot water heats the bottle, so the spirits being inflamed, heat the body; or  
Sometimes it causeth a fever, called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 non putrida, 
Three sorts of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  and it commonly lasteth (if it be rightly handled) not above three days, the Latins call it diaria, but very improperly; Of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 there are three sorts.  
Some continue with equal vehemence, from the beginning to the latter end; 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Greeks' call this.  
Some always increase by little and little, until they end; and such the Greeks' call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
Again some decrease or diminish by little and little, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  and those the Greeks' call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  
Moreover, if only one humour do putrify and rot within the vessels, it causeth a fever the Greeks' call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is a continual fever; 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  for although there be remission in this fever between the shaking fits, yet the fever never leaves him, before he be either cured of it, or killed by it.  

Difference between 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  So that here in this lies the difference between Synochos, and Synochys; the former hath no remission in the fit, but only one continued fit; the latter hath always remission, or slacking, though no intermission as is in agues; In 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but one fit, in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 many.  

Three sorts of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  O● this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are also three sorts; For if the putrefaction be of choler only, it causeth a continual tertian, called by the Greeks', 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  
If phlegm putrify within the vessels, it causeth a continual quotidian.  
But if melancholy, a continual quartan.  

Difference between, remitting and intermting fevers.  Yet all these differ from intermitting Fevers, called (by the Vulgar) Agues; fare and wide, though the fits are distant alike.  
For first, though the humours that cause them both be the very same; ye in these remitting Fevers, the humour is contained within the Veins; but in intermitting Fevers, commonly called Agues, it is dispersed through the members, and so through their violence of spreading, the Fever intermits for a time.  
Secondly, this continual, though remitting Fever, still remains between the fits, though not with the same violence; but an intermiting Fever or Ague, totally to the Patient's apprehension, ceaseth, till the next fit come.  
Of which now, a word or two.  

Febris interpolain. Three sorts.  This Fever is very fitly called in Latin Febris interpolata, because the fits renew at their time; it is called by some, Febris deficiens.  
Of this also are three sorts.  

1 Tertian,  
2 Quotidian,  
3 Quartan.   
A pure intermiting Tertian is caused of choler rotting without the Vessels. 
Tertian.   
An exquisite quotidian is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is caused of sweet phlegm patrifying or rotting without the Vessels; 
Quotidian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  For if the phlegm that putrify be glazen, it causeth a Fever called Epialos.  
Epialos is a Fever, wherein the Patient feels both heat and cold, immoderately in all parts, 
Epialos quid.  both at one time and at one place.  
To this Fever, belongs an accident called by the Greeks' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  when vehement heat is felt in the bowels and entrails; and immoderate cold in the external parts.  
An intermiting Quartan is caused of melancholy rotting without the Vessels, 
Quartan.  is governed by Saturas a planet slow, weighty, and ponderous, and therefore the disease is commonly Chronical and lasting.  
I come now to the last sort of Fevers, which the Table shows to proceed of heat in the fleshy parts; 
Hectica F●bris.  and that is called Hectica febris, an Hectic Fever.  
For as a hot Vessel heats the water that is put into it, so a Hectike Fever though the rise of it be in the flesh, after the third concoction, yet it heats the humours which the flesh contains.  
This Fever for the most part, 
Marasmos.  without speedy cure, consumes the whole body, and then is called Marasmos; and this Marasmos, saith Galen is incurable; 
Galeus error.  but the good old soul was mistaken; for I have known it cured in more than one, or two; I have had it myself since the writing of this.  
As for the Pestilence, it is also a Fever and a shrewd one too; I have written of that already, in a treatise by itself; and therefore no more of it now.  
There are other Fevers that come by reason of the inflammation of some member. 
Inflammations.   
So that Fever which comes in the film that girdeth the ribs, 
Pluretia.  is called pleuretia.  
If from inflammation of the lungs, it is called Peripneumonia. 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Erraticae febres.   
If of the stomach, it is called Typhodes.  
Some Fevers also are called Erraticae, that keep no certain time of coming at all; nor any order of fits, ☞ and intermission; and such Fevers come commonly of Melancholy.  
But in every Fever, you must consider diligently, whither ☞ the Fever come by any disease, of any particular member; else you will err egregiously in giving Physic.  
These are all simple Fevers, some Fevers are compound, 
Compound Fevers.  as divers Fevers of a like nature join together; as intermiting Fevers with intermiting, etc. For example, two intermitting Tertians, or two intermitting Quartaines join together, in which last the party is sick two days, and well but one; my own child, at the writing hereof, had two intermiting Tertians; the one far more violent than the other, and they came at some twelve hours' distance.  
But sometimes, an intermitting Tertian is joined with a continual Quotidian; 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  and this disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and this only is known as yet of compound Fevers, of different natures; the other are still of Fevers of like nature, as continual Fevers with continual, or intermiting with intermiting.  
And thus much of my paraphrase, which though it be somewhat long, yet I account nothing tedious that is rational; I know many words might have been added, but not one might have been left out. For by ignorance in, or negligence of this, many lives are lost; which by due observance of this, might be preserved.   

CHAP. III. Of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or an one day Fever.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek; in Latin Diaria; 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉  in English an one day Fever, because it hath but one fit, which continueth but one day, if rightly handled; if not, it turneth to other diseases,  
It is caused when the breath is inflamed above nature, without any putrefaction, 
Cause.  and this chanceth many ways.  
First, through binding or thickening of the skin, which stoppeth the vapours that were wont to flow out by the pores, which being hot and sharp engender a Fever.  
Secondly, by weariness.  
Thirdly, by watch, crudilities and lack of digestion.  
Fourthly, by sadness, care and sorrow.  
Fifthly, by anger and vehement passion of the mind.  
Sixthly, by fear.  
Seventhly, by vehement heat of the Sun.  
Eighthly, by hunger and drunkenness.  
Ninthly, by swell and kernels about the throat; for all these heat the spirits and inflame them.  

Signs. General. Six.  The Signs are of two sorts.  
First general signs; whereby this Fever is known from any other Fever.  
Secondly, particular signs, which show from which of all these several causes the Fever comes.  
The general signs are six.  

1. They change the pulse, in greatness and swiftness, but it keeps that proportion, in order, softness, and equality, it did according to nature.  
2. The Urine seldom or never turns from a natural state.   
☞ A natural Urine is subrufe in colour, mean in substance, and if you shake it, it sparkles like Sack.  
Yet I deny not but Vrines alter something according ☞ to the predominant complexion of the party, even in men of perfect health.  

3. Their heat of body is gentle, pleasant and easy.  
4. They end commonly by moist sweet sweats.  
5. Vehement pain in the head and stomach, and other parts.  
6. Abhorring of Meat, and insatiable Thirst.   

Signs. Of watching.  The particular Signs.  
If it come of watching, there follows a naughty colour, swelling of the face, heaviness of the eyes, that he can hardly lift them up, the hairs of the eyelids are moist, and the pulse small; for watching hinders digestion, and causeth crudities, when ☜ these signs arise.  

Care and sorrow.  If it come of care or sorrow, the body is lean; if sorrow be the cause, the colour is clearer; if care, darker, hollowness and dryness of the eyes, discoloured skin.  
If of anger, 
Anger.  the eyes seem to stick out farther than they use to do, the face is red, and the pulse lofty.  
If of sadness, the pulse is small, 
Sadness.  feeble and rare.  
If of fear, the face is pale, 
Fear.  for fear sends the blood from the circumference to the centre, the pulse is swift, unequal and sharp.  
If it come through burning and heat of the Sun, their skin is hot and dry, 
Sun.  and their head seemeth to burn, the eyes are red and troubled, and the veins in the temples forehead, and under their eyes are stretched and puffed up.  
If of cold, there followeth heavy distillations and rheums, 
Cold.  astringency; for cold bindeth and keepeth the vapours within the skin.  
If of weariness, the skin is exceeding dry, 
Weariness.  and the pulse exceeding small.  
If of drunkenness or hunger, 
Drunkenness.  the sick may tell you.  
If of Kernels, or Impostumation of the throat, 
Kernels.  the pulse is great, swift and often, their face swollen, their Urine pale.  
For cure, 
Cure.  you must observe the general rule contraria contrariis medentur.  
Let their general diet be meats of good juice, 
Diet.  and easy of digestion.  
Give such as have their disease of anger or sunburning, cool and moist diet.  
If of cold, a diet that doth moderately heat; against watching and sadness, a diet that moisteneth and provoketh sleep.  
If of weariness; let them eat as much meat as they can well digest.  
More over you must regard the Patient's strength, his natural temper, the time of the year, age and usual custom of the sick, and accordingly order your Physic.  
If the natural temper of the body be choleric, you must feed them with meat at the beginning of the fit, 
●●●tio●.  for it is very subject, if the body be kept fasting to turn to an acute rotten Fever.  
See the body be kept laxative; 
Stool.  if he go not naturally to stool, provoke him with an emollient Clyster.  
Finally, 
Bath.  so soon as the fit gins to wane; bath him in a warm bath, made with sweet herbs boiled in water; for that will open the pores, and let out the vapours.   

CHAP. FOUR Of Synochus non pistrida, being a Fever which lasteth three or four days.  
THis Fever is caused, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. quid.  either because the small pores of the skin are stopped, 
Cause.  or because the body itself is moderately thickened through cold, or after bathing, or by sharp binding medicines, heat of the Sun, or any other thing that dries the skin.  
It may be thus known.  
First, by touching, 
Signs.  for the skin is harder and more compact, than it was wont to be.  
Secondly, by the heat, which at first seems gentle and easy, but after you have held your a hand while, you shall feel it sharper.  
Thirdly, the Unine is not much altered from its natural substance and colour, for this disease lies in the spirits, not in the blood.  
Fourthly, the body falls not away, but their eyes are swollen, and fuller of moisture then usually.  
Fifthly, the pulse is equal, swift, vehement, and frequent.  

Cure. Bleeding.  For cure of this disease, you may safely draw out so much blood as age, strength, and the season of the year permit.  
After bleeding use things that cleanse and scour; 
Abstergents.  such are Oximel, Hyssop, Origanum, Smallage, and observe whether the heat abate by this diet. ☜  
For if by the third day you find little heat left, 
Bath.  you may safely bathe him with such things as are scouring, such be Orris and Aristolochia roots, Smallage, saltpetre, boiled in water and honey.  
But if the Fever then increase, or on the fourth day, then either you were mistaken at first in the disease, or else the Fever is altered, and some humour putrified.   

CHAP. V Of a rotten Fever, called Synochus putrida.  

Synochus putrida quid.  SYnochus putrida, is a Fever which holds from the beginning to the ending without any great mutation, or sensible change, and may well be called a constant or stable Fever.  
Of this are three sorts; I described them in the second Chapter.  
This Fever is caused by the rotting of all the humours equally within the Vessels, 
Cause.  and especially in the great Vessels about the armholes and share. and this chanceth, when fervent heat is kept in by violent binding and stopping, which is within the body; for when heat and moist things cannot breathe out, they putrify and rot presently.  
Therefore this fever is seldom engendered in thin spare folk, nor in cold bodies, nor old age, but in such as abound in blood, of gross, fat, or fleshy bodies, or stuffed with hot excrements.  
This is properly known from Synochus non putrida, 
Signs.  because there are signs of rottenness in the Urine, and the pulse of a man sick of this, but not so in the former.  
The other signs all agree with the former.  
The Cure of this fever | must begin with blood-letting, 
Cure. Bleeding.  and that in the beginning of the disease, if you can.  
Cold drink is most perilous in this disease; 
Caution.  first because it causeth obstructions, and hindereth the attenuation of the clammy humours.  
Secondly, cold drinks hurt weak members; some by drinking cold drink in this fever, have gotten such sore throats, that they could not swallow; in some the Stomach is hurt, that they could not digest; in some the Bladder; generally that part that is weakest is most subject to hurt; and being hurt, cannot perform its proper office.  
But blood-letting you may use at any time, if strength permit, provided it be not upon a full stomach.  
Such as have this fever, have always looseness and sometimes vomit up Choler.  
Let his drink be barley water, 
Diake.  sweetened with syrup of Violets, and a little Oil of Vitriol to make it tart.  
Let his diet be light of digestion, 
Meat.  and let him eat it at his usual times of eating; for than it will digest best.  
Also Oranges, Lemons, Oxymel, and Verjuice, are medicinal for him.   

CHAP. VI Of continual Fevers called by the Greeks' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek is a continual fever, that hath some certain slacking between the fits; 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉▪  yet no absolute intermission, till the end of it, and by this only it is known from Agues or intermitting fevers, therefore I shall omit the signs till then. 
Cause.   
This fever is caused by rotting of one particular humour only within the Vessels; I shown it in the first and second Chapters, I remit you to that.  
I shall only treat of that which is called of the Greeks' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by itself, in the next Chapter, for that is the most dangerous, and wind up the rest together in this. 
A Compendium of the cure of Fevers.   
In the general cure of fevers of this sort, these things must be considered.  
First, the Fever.  
Secondly, the rottenness.  

In the Fever.  In the fever two things must also be considered.  
First, How that part which is already kindled and inflamed, may be remedied.  
2 How that which is not kindled, may be letted and hindered from inflammation.  
Also two things must be considered touching the rottenness or putrification. 
In the rottenness.   
First, how the humours already putrified may be healed.  
Secondly, how those that are not putrified may be kept from putrefaction.  
Heac, qui non animadvertit, errabit nimis.  
In the beginning of the fever, if strength and age permit, 
Bleeding.  let blood; for that lets out the inflamed blood, and cools the rest.  

Obstructions.  The body thus cooled, you must cure the obstructions, and that without heating the Patient, lest you increase the fever, and cause more putrefaction.  
This is best done by Clysters, 
Clysters.  and sweats; for Clysters, take only the common decoction with Molossus, 
Sweats.  and Diacatholicon.  
For sweats, you may use either Venire treacle, Matthiolus his great antidote, Serpentary roots, Electuarium de ovo: Consideratis considerandis.  
To stop and hinder the humours not inflamed from inflaming, use cooling juleps, made with barley water, Hartshorn, Ivory, Scorzonera roots, Zedoary, etc. Syrup of Violets, etc.  
To prevent putrefaction, avoid all meats, I mean flesh, and all broths of flesh.  
To bring away humours already putrified, boil a white Lily root in White-wine, and let him drink it.  
For outward medicines, Vine branches, Water Lilies, 
Lecalia.  Endive, Succory, Woodsorrel, Sorrel, Lettuce, Knotgrass, Vinegar, these or any of these beaten, and the juice mingled with oil of Roses, and wool dipped in it, and applied to the Stomach, mightily allay the heat.  
But have a care by all means, that you do not apply this at the beginning of the Fever, for then the heat lies inward, ☜ and this will add more violence to it, but only when the heat is come to the external parts, for than it cherisheth the Lungs, and provoketh sleep.  
Provoke sleep with Diascordium; 
Sleep.  if that prevail not, use Laudanum.  
But have a care of Opiates, at the beginning of the Disease. ☜  
For Cordials, Scorzonera-roots, Bezoar, 
Cordials.  Syrup of Citron-pils, and Syrup of Balm of Fernelius, Confection of Alchermes, and de Hiacyntho, Electuarium de Ovo, any of these may be administered, consideratis considerandis.   

CHAP. VII. Of a Burning Fever, called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Qad Cause.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, is called in English a Burning Fever, or continual Tertian.  
It is caused of Choler, rotting or putrifying within the Veins, together with the Blood.  
Those that have this Disease, 
Signs.  their Tongue is dry, rough & black, with gnawing of the Stomach, immoderate thirst, and watching; their Dung is liquid and pale.  
Let the place wherein the Sick lies be cool, 
Cure. Aire.  the air sweet; if it be not cool, m●k● it so by art; of which you have examples in my Criti a Cephalica, vol. 3. lib. 2.  
Let him drink for his ordinary Drink, 
Drink.  water wherein Barley, Cinnamon, and such Herbs as cool and ☞ moisten, such be Lettuce, Sorrell, wood-sorrel, Purslane, etc. have been boiled.  
Also Syrup of Violets, Violet and Straw-berry-leaves, Water-lillies and Verjuice, juice of Lemen and Oranges, are medicinal,  
With the other Medicines mentioned in the former Chapter; and Bleeding.  
If these Medicines prevail not, 
Blisters.  but the Humours ☞ flow up, and lie heavy on the Head, which you may know by their talking idly, you must apply Blisters to the inside of the Wrists, and the inside of the Calves of their Legs.  
If that prevail not, but you perceive their case desperate, 
Pigeons.  apply Pigeons to the soles of their Feet.  
But if in a desperate case it oppress their Stomach or Heart, I have known six grains of Mercurius Vitae cure them; yet in my opinion Lac Sulphuris had been better.   

CHAP. VIII. Of an Intermitting Tertian Fever, commonly called a second day's Ague.  
OF all Agues, this only is mortal, yet the other two ☞ may turn to another Disease that may kill, but they kill not themselves.  
And this Ague, though sometime it be mortal, yet is ☞ of all other most frequent; and if rightly handled, easiest cured.  
It vexeth young folks most.  
I suppose the reason why this Ague is most frequent, to be because Choler by reason of its heat, 
Cause.  is most apt to stir with violence.  
This Disease is caused of Choler, pure, sincere and unmixed, carried with violence by the sensitive parts of the Body.  
This Disease happeneth usually to persons Choleric by nature, in their flourishing age, and in Spring time. 
Signs.   
The signs of this Disease are, a vehement Cold, rigour and stiffness in the beginning of the Fit; the Patient thinketh his Body is pricked; soreness of the Bones, as though they were nipped, an exact order and equality of the Pulse; for as the Fever increaseth, the Pulses are raised in strength, vehemency and frequency.  
In the vehemency of the Fever, it causeth thirst, and burneth up the Patient; his Breath is swift, and hot as fire, and requireth drink immoderately, their Urine choleric, subrufe, and something yellow.  
The longest fit of a Tertian endureth but twelve hours.  
When these Fits come sooner and sooner, the Disease ☜ getteth strength over nature; but if later and later, the ☜ Disease loseth strength.  

Galen's mistakes.  Galen saith, men labouring of this Disease, vomit Choler.  
At the writing hereof, and it is the seventh of February 1645/6. I have cured above twenty of this Disease, and it is like seen more, yet never knew nor saw any vomit at all.  

I have known enough vomit sinee.  When I was a Boy, I had the Disease constantly every Spring (though Galen saith it comes only in the heat of Summer: Gal. ad Glauconem.) yet never (to my memory) had so much as a proneness to vomit.  
The usual Cure of this Disease, 
Cure.  is by Vomiting and Sweeting. But I have found out a more certain and speedy, and indeed never missing Cure.  
Let the Air the sick abides in, be clear and penetrating. 
Aire.   
Both this and Quotidian Agues I never miss cure, by giving only Cinquefoil, gathered in the hour of Jupiter, if it be possible, he being above the Earth: and truly I should think it were the better, if the Moon were aspected to him, but I never observed it.  
This I have given in Powder, both in common Vinegar, and Vinegar of Squils; I have observed the number of the Leaves I have given, viz. one for a Quotidian, three for a Tertian, etc. and I have observed it, I have given the Decoction thereof, and all of them still did the Cure in three Fits, sometimes in two; therefore I hold it the most sovereign Medicine for Agues in the world.   

CHAP. IX. Of a Quartane Fever, or Ague.  
THis proceedeth of Melancholy putrifying and rotting without the Veins.  
This Fever doth not invade the Sick with that rigour and stiffness that the former doth, 
Cause.  but the cold is like the cold a man feels in an hard frost, 
Signs.  as though it would break his Bones, and doth not seem to prick him as the other doth.  
Their Urine is white and thin, and, as it were, strained from some gross matter.  
Their Urine is white and thin, and, as it were, strained from some gross matter.  
It cometh commonly about Harvest, land stayeth (without cure) till next Spring; and is a stubborn Humour to be dealt withal.  
For many a time and often, this Ague by violent Medicines ☜ (as Vomits, etc.) is turned to a double Quartane, and so the Patient hath two sick days, and but one well day.  
Saturn the causer of this Ague, is a sullen Planet, and the Disease takes after him; therefore deal gently with it at first; you had better please a sullen potent adversary, then displease him.  
I never had any Patient of this Disease, since I knew the virtues of the Herb Cinquefoil; it is very probable it will cure this, as well as other Agues 
* Since I have done the Cure with it. Bleeding. I d●si●e these Hellebores may be let alone in this Disease, for old Saturn will not be Vexe●. .  
Yet if Blood abound, you may let blood in this Ague; and if it look black, draw out good store.  
Also black Hellebore, corrected with Cinnamon, may be given.  
And white Hellebore, if it may be given inwardly at all, it may in this Disease.  
But let these be given on the well days, for than they anger the Ague less.  
In this Agu●, you must have a great care of the Spleen, for that is the receptacle of Melancholy.  
Therefore you may anoint the left side with oil of Capers, Vng. ex succis aperitivis, or any opening splenetic Medicine.   

CHAP. X. Of a Quotidian Fever or Ague.  
IT is caused of sweet Phlegm, 
Cause. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  putrified without the Veins; it is called of the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, but if the Phlegm that putrifies be glazen, (which is the coldest of all flegms) it engenders a Fever called Epialos.  
In this Fever, called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Greeks, 
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  the Patient feeleth vehement heat, and vehement cold, both at one time, in all parts of his Body.  
In the beginning of a Quotidian, 
Signs.  the Pulse is unequal, slow, little and weak, nothing like neither Tertian nor Quartane, neither for extremity of heat nor cold; neither do they thirst much, because the Vapour is moist and smoky.  
It most vexeth phlegmatic persons.  
But this also is completely, perfectly and speedily cured, by that excellent Herb Cinquefoil, so used as before was specified.  
As for all mixed kinds of Agues, I need not write; but I commend this as a sovereign cure for them all.  
And (God-willing) I intent to make proof of it, in continual, Q●otidians, Tertians and quartans.   

CHAP. XI. Of an Hectic Fever.  
AN Hectic Fever is a Disease, wherein an unnatural heat is kindled, throughout the fleshy and massy parts of the Body. 
Hectica Febris, quid. .  
They that have this Fever, feel no pain, neither do they know (the rules of Art excepted) that they have any fever at all; because all the parts of the body are equally hot, and so there is no reluctancy.  
This Disease is caused two ways. 
Cause.   
First, through want of Physic, or a skilful Physician in other fevers, which having consumed the Humours, seize upon the flesh.  
Secondly, they sometimes begin of themselves, as of sorrow, anger, weariness, burning of the Sun, etc.  
When these fevers consume and waste the body, (as indeed without speedy cure they always do) than Galen calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; 
Gal. de inaequali intemperie.  and this Marasmos, saith he, is incurable: and to make this seem as though it were true, he tells a long tale of the snuff of a candle; which, saith he, being put out, mutters to pieces; but if you put Oil to it, it makes it burn with more violence: so (quoth he) this fever, if you go about to extinguish the heat, the party dies instantly; but if you add moisture to him, his fever burns more violently.  
But Experience (the best Artist) makes no difference between Hectic fevers, and Marasmus, but shows plainly that all Hectic fevers are wasting, and also curable; therefore I shall leave Doctor Galen, and follow Doctor Experience in this Disease; and therefore now to the purpose.  
The Signs of this Disease are these: 
Signs.   
Their eyes are wonderful hollow, as though they were sunk in their heads, their moisture is consumed, so that you may see the bones of their Eyebrows stick out; there hangeth at the hair of their Eyebrows gum or filth, as though they had gone a long journey in the dust; their skin is hard and dry, and their eyes wink often, as though they were sleepy, when indeed it is far otherwise with such as have this Disease, for they can hardly be brought to rest; they pine to skin and bone, and if you look upon their Belly, it looks as if it had no bowels in it; the Pulse is weak and often, and continually after meat the fever is increased, and the Pulses are augmented in greatness.  
The Cure consists in cooling and moistening, 
Cure.  which must be done both outwardly and inwardly.  
Let the Air the Sick abideth in, 
Aire.  be cold and moist; if it be not so naturally, make it so by Art, whereof you have examples in my Treatise, called Crit. Cephal.  
Let his Meats be such as moisten, 
Meats.  and breed good and active Blood; such are Lamb-stones, Cocks-stones, Lobsters, Prawns, Eggs boiled soft, Paritich, Larks, etc.  
For Herbs, 
Herbs.  let him use Lettuce, Endive, Succory, spinach, Mallows, etc.  
Let his Drink with his Meat, 
Drink.  be only water wherein Cinnamon hath been boiled.  
Let him drink new Milk abundantly, 
Milk.  provided he have no fever of putrefaction, or rottenness joined with it.  
He may eat freely Raisins of the Sun, 
Fruits.  and Almonds, Cherries, Prunes, Pomegranates and figs.  
Let him eat often, 
Caution.  and but little at a time.  
For Cordials, 
Cordials.  he may use Diarrhodon abbatis, Diatragacanthum frigidum, Diapapaver and species Cordiales temperatae, Diamargariton frigidum.  
For Syrrups, 
Syrups.  let him use Syrup of Violets, Endive, Lettuce, Water-lilies and Vinegar.  
Let him nrink Emulsions made of Barleywater, 
Emulsion.  Almonds, the four greater cold Seeds, and white Poppy-seeds, sweetened with Sugar.  
Lastly, 
Unctions.  let his body be kept continually anointed with pure oil Olive, and nothing else.  
Many in this Disease vomit up all their Meat so soon as they have eaten it, 
Caution.  (which indeed I forgot before) in such cases make their Emulsion of Mint water, instead of Barleywater, as before; for only by this Medicine alone, have I known Galen's supposed incurable Disease, cured.  
FINIS.   

Physical APHORISMS. Reader, Give me leave to begin, and I will not be beholding to time for leave to make a Preamble.  

APHOR. I  
THE whole ground of Physic is comprehended in these two words, Sympathy and Antipathy; the one cures by strengthening the part of the Body afflicted; the other by resisting the malady afflicting.   

2.  
Many People are troubled with strange Visions, especially in the night time; strange lights, strange sights appear, and sometimes voices are heard: let such avoid drinking Wine, and as much as may be strong Beer; for Melancholy is the cause of this, which strong liquor attenuates, and makes it fly upwards.   

3.  
The ashes of Hen's feathers or Hens bones burnt, and applied to the place, is an excellent remedy to stop bleeding in any part of the body.   

4.  
Toads, Spiders, and Frogs, or their Spawn, have the same effects, but they do it by Antipathy, because the blood flies from its enemy; and there if a dried Toad be but held in the hand of one that bleedeth, the blood presently ceaseth and retireth back to the Centre.   

5.  
Take two or three Toads and boil them in Oil very well, and this Oil will by unction quickly cure any red face, or any redness of the skin, out of question by the former reason.   

6.  
Take the Seeds of Red Nettles, beat them into powder, and take a dram of it at a time in white Wine; it procures chastity, they say, and is a far better medicine to rout Asmodeus the lecherous Devil than the liver of a fish.   

7.  
The marrow of a Goose wing, and the older the Goose is, it is so much the better, a little of it being put into the eye, breaks the web there, though it be never so strong or of so long continuance.   

8.  
The Milk of a Woman's breast is excellent for the foregoing infirmity of the eyes, only with this Proviso; if the party afflicted be a Male, let it be the milk of a Woman that bore a Male; if a Female, the contrary.   

9  
When People have gotten an inflammation in any wound, the vulgar say they have gotten the Ague in it, as 'tis familiar when women's breasts are inflamed, to say they have the Ague in their breasts, a speedy way, and as cheap as speedy, (that I may not keep such a quarter about the name, as the College of Physicians did, about the Rickers) is to take malt flower and make it into the form of a Caraplasme or Pultis with Vertjuyce and apply it, be the place in Arm, Leg, or Breast, or elsewhere, either with wound or without.   

10.  
Holy-hock leaves boiled to a Pultis in milk, works the same effect in the same causes.   

11.  
A most admirable remedy, if not the best of remedies for a Consumption, is to go into the Country in Plowing-time, and follow the Blow that so the smell of the earth being newly broke up may be taken in at the nose; if this may not be by reason of the season of the year, or poverty of the Patient, then let it suffice to go out into the field every morning, and dig up a fresh turse and smell to it an hour or two together.   

12.  
Take five white pease, and chew them very well, then swallow them down, then hold thy breath as long as thou canst, thou shalt find it an excellent remedy against the heartburning.   

13.  
For a Rupture this do, give the Patient two or three spoonfuls of the juice of comfry every morning (I know no reason but that the curious may make it into a syrup) then apply the bruised herb mixed with its equal quantity of Daisies to the place, and let him keep his bed nine days by which time he will be well.   

14.  
Take a Jay, pull off her feathers, and pull out her guts, then fill her belly full of Cumminseeds, then dry her in an Oven, till she be converted into Mummy▪ a dram of her being beaten into powder, seeds and all, is an excellent remedy for the Falling-sickness, being taken in any convenient liquor every morning, put in Peony water.   

15.  
Rew bruised and worn under the feet next the skin; is an excellent remedy for a quartan Ague.   

16.  
If deafness come of stopping in the passages of the ears, as usually it doth, no better remedy in the World then to inject white Wine into the ear (being first a little warmed, for the ears abhor cold) and if you mix a little spirit of Castoreum with it, 'twill be so much the better.   

17.  
The powder of  Hartshorn (let it be well burnt, viz. till it be white) and rub your teeth well with it, and it will keep them exceeding white and safe from rotting.   

18.  
To eat the liver of a mad dog, being first dried and beaten into powder, (a dram at a time is sufficient) is an excellent, yea the best of remedies for the biting of a mad dog.   

19  
If an Earwig be gotten into a man's ear, you will say it will kill him, but presently or so soon as you can conveniently get a mellow, sweet apple, and having cut a hole in it, lay the hole so cut to the ear, then lie down on that side, and the Earwig will come out to the apple.   

20.  
The leaves of Agrimony, bruised, and boiled in honey; and the head that is open, moulded, plastered with it, helps the disease.   

21.  
The juice of Rue mixed with vinegar, and the head washed therewith, remedies all superficial evils of the head, and strengthens it to boot.   

22.  
A draught of the same, drunk going to bed helpeth such as speak in their sleeps.   

23.  
Rew stamped with honey and salt, helps swell in the knees.   

24.  
For broken bones in the head, make an ointment with Agrimony, Betony, and Hogs-grease, with which anoint the sore, and tent it if need be; also let the patiented drink the juice of Betony, and Agrimony, or a very strong decoction of them a quarter of a pint every morning.   

25.  
Take an Owl, pull off her feathers, and pull out her guts, salted her well for a week; then put her into a pot and stop it close, and put her into an oven: that so she may be brought into Mummy, which being beat into powder, and mixed with Boars grease, is an excellent remedy for the Gout; anoyncing the grieved place by the fire.  
I fancy this receipt much, it standing to good reason that a bird of ☽ should help a disease of ♄ and therefore define a dram of the powder, may be taken inwardly every morning.   

26.  
Also take notice, that the foregoing way is the best way to convert any thing into Mummy; and so the Jay before mentioned is to be used.   

27.  
If a man be feverish and cannot sweat, (for sweeting usually helps such) take brook lime and stamp it, and having added a little vinegar to it, apply it to the soles of his feet: and it will quickly rout the fever; and withal provoke sweat.   

28.  
For any ache or swelling in the knees, bruise Rue and lovage; and having boiled them a little, in a little honey, apply them warm to the grief.   

29.  
The inner rind of Elder, or dwarf-elder, which is held to be better, boiled in like manner in bores grease, takes away pains in the feet and thighs.  
I know no reason, neither indeed do I believe there is any, why the former should not take away pains in legs as well as in the knees, both of them being under the houses of ♄ viz. ♑ and ♒.   

30.  
If any sweat too much, bruise lettuce and linseed together, and apply them to his stomach.   

31.  
Make a strong decoction of Centaury in stolen ale, then having strained it well, boil it with two third parts of honey (viz. imagine there be a pound of your decoction, then take two pound of honey) boil it into a syrup, a spoonful of this taken in the morning helps the yellow Jaundice, strengthens the heart, helps digestion and provokes Appetite.   

32.  
A pultis made with linseed and chick-weed bruised, and boiled in water, a little sheeeps suet being added at the latter end, is excellent good for one that hath met with a woman a little two hot for his turn; I mean to apply it to his members.   

33.  
Make vinegar of vervain, as you make vinegar of Roses, only make it of the leaves, not of the flowers of vervain, and this helps the headache, the head being bathed with it; this recepts I fancy much.   

34.  
A most excellent remedy for an imposthume in the head, is to apply warm to it a red rose Cake moistened a little either with woman's breast milk, or else with red rose vinegar.   

35.  
Also a handful of Betony leaves, and half an ounce of Cummim seeds boiled in stolen ale, and the decoction drunk, is excellent good for the same, and therefore both together cannot do amiss.   

36.  
For a pain in the periostion, take Alhoofe or Ground Iry, make a strong decoction of it and ale, and drink it; A strong decoction of mouse-eare, made in like manner works the like effect; therefore if you please you may use them both together.   

37.  
A good ointment for bruises and aches; Take a good quantity of black snails alive, such as have no shells on their backs, salted them very well, (viz. throw salt upon them) then put them into a linen bag, and let them hang till the water be dropped out of them; take of this water a pound, boil it and scum it clean, then add as much May butter to it, and boil it to an ointment, viz. till the water be consumed, then add a little wax to it, and keep it to anoint the grieved place with.   

38.  
Vinegar made of Rew, as you make vinegar of Roses, is excellent taken inwardly for shortness of breath, and stops of the breast and lungs.   

39  
A good remedy for a Tetter or Ringworm is to take the powder of brimstone, and having mixed it with black soap, apply it to the sore.   

40.  
An ointment made with the leaves of Henbane and hog's grease, presently stauncheth the blood & takes away inflammation of any wound whatsoever.   

41.  
The juice of the leaves or roots of fox-gloves, mixed with the like quantity of the party's urine is excellent to wash any festered sores with, it will cure to admiration.  
You may boil the juice till it be thick, and so you may keep it all the year.   

42.  
The juice of Walwort or dwarf-elder, which is all one, drank four ounces each morning, is an excellent, safe, and speedy cure for the yellow Jaundice; if the disease be inveterate, you may make a bath of the herb boiled in water, to bathe the diseased body in.   

43.  
Take a hare, (a march hare saith my Author, but he leaves no marks to know a march hare from another hare) & having taken out her bowels, put all the rest of her hair and all into a pot, and convert her into a Mummy as you were taught before. A dram of this powder (being first beaten bones and all, and tightly mixed) being taken in white wine every morning is an excellent remedy for the stone.   

44.  
In an old Cock you may find when you have opened his gizzard and looked, a white stone; sometimes more than one, never fewer, this being born about one adds valour, and makes one strong in the sports of Venus, and beloved of all; this is the magical use of it, I come now to the Physical.   

45.  
A very little of it being beaten in an Iron Morter, for brass spoils it, and given in white wine, breaks the stone.   

46.  
The same stone, or to speak more properly such alike one may be found in the gizzard of an old Hen; & why might not a man draw a conclusion, and think it rational when he hath done, that the male is medicinal, yea most medicinal for men; & that which is found in a hen, for women?   

47.  
The best way to apply Cupping-glasses, is to heat them first in hot water, (by putting the glasses in when the water is cold, (else they will break) and so letting them heat with the water) and so apply them close to the part of the body to be cupped; & as they cool, so the Air in them will condense, and to avoid Vacuum, draw the humours through the pores of the skin.   

48.  
By this means, may bowed ribs be drawn to their proper places, and the skull itself when it is broken, and that without pain; this way is ten times better than firing them with tow, as the loggerheads of our age use to do.   

49.  
Centaury usually taken will prevent a dropsy before it come, and help it being come, viz. by drinking the decoction of it in ale.   

50.  
The seeds of hen-bane being wrapped up in the leaves of the same herb and so roasted in the embers well and then bruised, and pressed hard through canvas in a press, there will come out a precious oil for the gout, the grieved member being anointed with it.   

51.  
I make no question but the ingenuous may easily find away to keep this all the year, the herb being only to be had in the beginning of the Summer.  
I fancy the receipt much; it doth it by Sympathy; I regard not the opinion of Artists, most of which hold that Hen-bane is an herb of ♃ which I disprove by this argument.  
That herb which delights in Saturnine places, is a Saturnine herb.  
But Hen-bane delights in Saturnine places, viz. where they empty jakes, and naturally springs there in abundance; Ergo it is a Saturnine herb.   

52.  
Another thing to be admired in our Physicians, (for indeed their ignorance is admirable to every knowing soul) is that hen-bane (say they) is only profitable in hot Gouts, not in cold, because it is cold itself, whereas indeed it cures by Sympathy; and their rule, Contraria contrar●●● medentur, is but a wooden and worm-eatene● 〈◊〉 for how then could hot things do good in a Fever?   

53  
Vervain boiled in water, provokes urine exceedingly; but you must drink the decoction; it is not the boiling of it will do the deed.   

54  
The distilled water of green-Walnuts, is excellent good to take the freckles out of the Face, but the oil drawn out of the kernels is better.   

55.  
Take Cummin and Caraway seed, and having bruised them well, boil them in Ale, till it be thick; this eaten with a spoon is an excellent remedy for the Colic.   

56.  
If any be bitten by a Spider, take a great quantity of flies, and bruise them, and apply them to the place.   

57  
Anoint thy cheek with Horse-grease and thy gums also, and thy teeth will cease rotting.   

58.  
An ointment made with Hogs-grease, and Mugwort, and a little vinegar, is excellent for the swelling of the legs and feet.   

59  
Rew infused all night in sack, and the sack drunk the next morning, is excellent good for the worms, and wring in the guts.   

60.  
Beat the white of an egg, and then wet a Colewort leaf in it, and lay it to the eye that runs a water, at night when you go to bed, and by morning it will help you.   

61.  
Take a kid of about a year and an half old, and having fed him nine days without water, kill him and take his blood, and when it is cold, pour the water away from it: then dry the blood, till it be hard; a dram of this blood, and half a dram of Ivy-berries taken in white wine every morning, will break the stone in the body,   

62.  
For a wen, bind him about as hard as you can endure, then make a save with Vertdegrece, Brimstone, Alum and honey, and lay it to it, and it will consume it.   

63.  
Take a soft piece of sappy wood, lay it in the fire, and save the sap that runs out; the which make into a pultise with bran, the which lay between the navils and the privities of one that hath the strangury, and it will help him.   

64.  
If thy nose bleed, chew the herb pervincle in thy mouth, and it will cease.   

65.  
Vervain boiled, and the house sprinkled with the decoction, drives flies out of it.   

66.  
A suppository made of white soap, and put up the fundament, is a medicine inferior to none for one that is costive.   

67.  
The roots of flowerdeluce bruised, and boiled in white wine, are an excellent provoker of urine.   

68  
Chamomel and Betony, of each an equal quantity boiled in vinegar to a pultis, and applied warm to the head, helps the Megrim and the inveterate headache called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   

69.  
Rosemary tops boiled in ale in like manner, and applied to the temples doth the like.   

70.  
If thou be costive, ('tis a hundred to one if choler be not the cause, but if not) boil the herb, Mercury in thy pottage in stead of herbs, and let them be but half boiled; this pottage so eaten, will not only take away the effects by making thy body slippery, but also the cause.   

71.  
Take of Rew, Sage and Cummin seeds bruised, of each a handful, beaten pepper half an ounce; make a strong decoction of them in water, the which boil into a syrup with honey, this syrup will help an inveterate cough by taking one spoonful of it in the morning, and another at evening.   

72.  
Three drops of a man's own water put into his ear every morning warm, helps noise there.   

73.  
A strong decoction made with Plantain in White-wine, drunk every morning, doth the like.   

74.  
An ointment made with Ivy-leaves and hogsgrease, is excellent for swelling of the eyes.   

75.  
Take three or four great Onnions, and having roasted them well in the embers, take off the outward pill, then bruise them with a few cummin seeds in powder; this applied plasterwise, in a few times using helps the headache.  
This I am persuaded, the hair being shaved off, it is a good remedy for the Lethargy.   

76.  
Take wormwood and mallows, of each alike quantity, boil them in water, till they be soft, then by adding-barly meal, (or malt-flower which is better) and a little vinegar and sheep suet to them, they make an excellent pultis for any swelling whatsoever.   

77.  
The liquor wherein neats-feethave been boiled is an excellent bath to bathe swolle legs in, and if you will add chick-weed, mallows, and smallage to it, 'twill be never the worse.   

78.  
Also when you have well bathed your Legs therein, you may take out the herbs and apply them to the soles of your feet.   

79.  
The juice of Vervain, or if it be time of year you cannot get it, take the decoction of the dried herb, it mightily increaseth not barely milk, but good milk in Nurses.   

80.  
The blood of a Hare dried and taken inwardly, breaks the stone in the bladder.   

81.  
The claws of a Goat burnt to powder, and a dram of the powder taken in the morning, helps such as cannot hold their water.   

82.  
To drink an Alum Posset is a good remedy for overflowing of a Woman's Menstruis.   

83.  
The juice of Sorrel, mixed with the like quantity of Milk, is an excellent remedy (being drunk) for pissing blood.   

84.  
Pigeons dung mixed with Vinegar is excellent to anoint Warts with, if you would be rid of them.   

85.  
The juice of Primrose-roots snuffed up into the Nose is an excellent remedy for the Megrim.   

86.  
Take an Onion, and having cut a round hole in the middle of it, fill it full of Oil, then roast it by a gentle fire, and having taken off the outward pill, stamp it together and apply it warm to the deaf ear to restore hearing.   

87.  
An ointment made with Leek-blades and hog's grease is excellent good for burn.   

88  
A decoction of Earthworms, Sallendine and Ivy-berries in White-wine; take equal quantities of each, is an excellent remedy for the yellow Jaundice; and if towards the latter end of the decoction you add a little Saffron tied up in a rag, 'twill be the better.   

89.  
Take the roots of Female Ferne, such as in Sussex are called Brakes, and having bruised them well, mix some raw Cream with them; so have you an excellent plaster for a scald. He that hath any wit may make an Unguent or plaster of them to keep always by him.   

90.  
The powder of  Garlic helps the Hemorrhoids being strewed upon the place.   

91.  
The powder of Anniseeds strewed there, doth the like.   

92.  
A roasted Onion laid to the place works the same effect.   

93.  
An excellent cool ointment for wounds that have inflammations, is thus made; take of lethargy of Gold very finely powdered as much as you will, and with Oil of Roses and Verjuice of each equal parts, make it into an oinment by stirring it up and down in a Mortar without the heat of the fire, as it cools, so it dries exceedingly.   

94.  
For Ache in the Legs or Arms, a precious remedy; take very stolen Ale, and with the Gaul of an Ox boil it till it be as thick as Bird-lime, when it is cold, then anoint the grieved member with it by the fire, (it will be fluid when 'tis hot) as hot as he can endure it, and when it is dried in once or twice, spread some of it upon a piece of white leather, and apply to it; when it is hard take it off and apply to it another, the former will wax soft again; thus doing three or four days will help you.   

95.  
For the Megrim, put some Assa foetida into the ear on that side the pain lies, and the matter causing the disease will come out at the Nose.  
And yet it may (by my Author's leave) be some question whether the Megrim lie within the skull or without.   

96.  
Take Snails, Shells and all, and burn them in a crucible, till the ashes be white; half a dram of this taken in White-wine is a great provoker of Urine.   

97.  
Take a quantity of water-grasse, that part of it that grows above the water, and having beaten it, press out the juice; this juice a little of it being dropped into the contrary ear of one that hath the toothache, cures him of that pain (for ever saith my Author.)   

98.  
Take a piece of blue cloth ( cloth) the deeper the blue, the better, burn it to powder; a little of this powder snuffed up the nose, stops the bleeding of it.   

99  
It is certain, and by daily experience verified that Elder bark, if you slip it upward, will provoke vomiting; if downward, it purgeth by stool.   

100  
It's property is to cleanse the body of crudities and indigestion, and they cause three quarters of the diseases in man; you need but run to an Elder-tree for the cure, and you may find one a great deal on this side Arabia; if your stomach trouble you, slip it upwards; but if the disease afflict not the first digestion, then slip it downwards:   

101.  
Polipodium stamped and plastered upon the feet of a Woman labouring with Child, causeth the birth of the Child presently, either alive or dead.   

102.  
Take the grease of a Hog, and rub the body of any that is sick, against the heart, and the soles of the feet, then throw the grease to a dog; if he eat it, the sick will live, if not, he will die.   

103.  
Take a green Elm or Ashen stick, and put it in the fire, and save the water that comes out at the ends, and mix it with the fat of an Eel the like quantity, boil it a little over the fire, and drop a drop or two of it into the ear that is deaf at night when you go to bed; let it be lukewarm when you drop it in, and in three or four days they will hear perfectly.   

104.  
Also the juice of Bay-leaves dropped into the ears, 
Pet Hisp.  takes away both deafness and noise in the ears.   

105.  
For ache in the bones, anoint the place three or four times with good Aqua composita, and let it dry in by a good fire, then anoint it again, and while it is wet strew the powder of Olibanum upon it, then sew a cloth round about it, and let it lie there three or four days, by which time it will be well.   

106.  

Bay-leaves, a thing known well,  
Laid up among your , 
Dioscorides.   
Will give to them a fragrant smell,  
And keep them safe from Moths.    

107.  
Aunt's eggs beaten, and strained, and a little of the juice of Knotgrass put to the juice of them, and a little of it dropped into the ear, cures deafness though of long continuance.   

108.  
Drop a drop of good Aqua-composita into the eye that is annoyed with cold, and you will find it a present remedy to recover the sight.   

109.  
For Legs that are swollen by water, this do and you may heal them; seethe Oats in water till they be soft, then hold the swollen Legs over the steam of them, covering the Vessel with a Blanket, that the steem may not go out, and it will draw blisters, out of which (being cut) will come much water and corruption; a little fresh butter will quickly heal them again; if the cure be not perfect the first time; do so oftener.   

110.  
Dandelion (or to write better French, Dentdelion, for our Country Blades are so nice, that they scorn to call it by the plain English name, Lions-tooth) being boiled in water, is a special remedy for the knitting of wounds, as also for the cure of Ruptures, the decoction being drunk and the boiled herb applied to the grieved place.   

111.  
Put unslaked Lime into a clean new earthen Vessel, till the Vessel be almost half full; then having heat some water boiling hot in a clean new Vessel, pour it into the lime till the Vessel be full, take off the scum from it clean, and let it stand till the Lime be settled at the bottom; then pour off the clear water, and keep it in a glass close stopped.  
This is a marvellous water for the cure of Ulcers, and chief such as spring from the French Pox, by dipping a linen cloth in it, and laying it as a Plaster over the sore; it draws the corruption out of Ulcers and putrified sores, cleanseth them, and takes away the inflammation of them; this water Mizaldus extols to the skies.   

112.  
A dram of Myrrh given to drink in warm wine brings forth the Child, 
Pet. Hisp.  alive or dead.   

113.  
A piece of the root of Crowfoot, either put into the tooth, if it be hollow, or otherwise, applied to it, instantly easeth the pains of it.   

114.  
Centaury taken, either the juice or powder of it, clears the voice, and cleanseth the breast marvellously.   

115.  
Pigeons dung boiled in wine till the wine be consumed, and then applied plasterwise to the gout, takes it away (being used morning and evening) in four or five days.   

116.  
Nettle-seed beaten into powder, and taken with syrup of Violets cleanseth the stomach of tough and hard phlegm, and helps the Pleurisy.   

117.  
If the pain of the Gout be very outrageous, take a dram of Opium, two drams of Saffron; mix them with four or five Yolks of eggs, and plaster the same upon the grief, it will not only assuage the pain, but also dissolve the corruption.   

118.  
Heat two or three Bricks red hot, then put them in a Pan under a close-stool, and pour a little Vinegar upon them, and let him that is troubled with the Hemorhoids (commonly called the Piles) fit over them and receive the vapours up his fundament.   

119.  
The juice of broom flowers, of Scala Coeli, commonly called Solomon's Seal, and of Honey, of each a like quantity boiled to the thickness of Honey, maketh a sovereign ointment for the Gout.   

120.  
A little Gunpowder tied up in a rag, and held so in the mouth, that it may touch the aching tooth, instantly easeth the pains of the eeths.   

121.  
Tie Saffron up in a little rag, and bind it to the Navel of one that hath the yellow Jaundice, it gives present help.   

122.  
Take the roots of Beets, and pair off the outer bark, then stamp them, and having pressed out the juice, snuff some of it up your nose, and you shall find it wonderfully purgeth the head, and helps the Headache, Vertigo or dissines in the head, and Megrim.   

123.  
The feet of a great living Toad being cut off when the Moon is void of course and hastens to the conjunction of the Sun, 
Cardanus.  cures one of the King's-evil, being hung about their neck.   

124.  
Tie up a Spider in a Linen cloth, and there bruise her a little, and hold her near the nose that bleedeth, but touch not the nose with the cloth, and the bleeding will cease; the reason is because a spider is so extremely contrary to the blood of man, that it flies back from its Enemy: Oh Campanella, how acute was thy judgement! how is the world beholding to thee!  
The truth of this Aphorism appears in that a Cobweb, which is but the excrement of a spider, will stop the bleeding of a wound.   

125.  
An approved remedy to stop bleeding, which I have proved myself, is this: Dry some of the party's blood in a fireshovel to powder, which is quickly done, and apply it to the place, viz. if the nose bleed, snuff it up in it; if by wound, apply it to it.   

126.  
The blood of a Hare dried, and taken inwardly, helps the bloodyflux.   

127.  
So doth the bones of a man, or woman, taken in powder, the sex considered.   

128.  
Also one experience of mine own invention, give me leave to quote, for a bloodyflux.  
Take new Tobacco-pipes that were never used, beat them into powder, and give a dram of them at a time, in any convenient liquor, morning and evening; but so soon as the flux is stopped, leave off.  
This I found out in this manner, when I was a Prentice; a Gentleman in Tower-street gave a poor boy money, (as I remember five shillings) to eat four gross of Tobacco-pipes, (which is twelve dozen) the boy did it, but was troubled with such an astringency, that neither clysters, nor any thing else, would move him to stool, and so he died; whereupon I apprehended the thing, and have always used it, in the manner abovesaid, with good success.   

129.  
Take of black soap, as much as is sufficient, mix it with half the quantity of yolkes of eggs very well, 
Jo Ardern  then spread it upon fine flax, and apply it to the place grieved with the Gout; then take whites of eggs, mix them with a little wheat flower, and wet a linen cloth in it, and bind it over the former plaster, and let it lie so, four or five days, in which time you shall see the wonderful effects.   

130.  
Bruise barley, dry-beanes, and liquoris, of each alike, in fair water, and drink a good draught of the liquor, morning and evening, it breaks and cures any imposthume.   

131.  
Agrimony most wonderfully expelleth poison, 
Pet. Hisp.  and with great facility helpeth the bitings of venomous beasts.   

132.  
The hoof of an Elk (called Vngula Alcis) hath a marvellous power against the falling-sickness, either taken inwardly or borne next the skin, whereof you have plentiful examples in Lemnius, Mizaldus, and Jobannes Agricola.   

133.  
Torrified Rhubarb taken in the morning, is an admirable remedy for spitting blood.   

134.  
Syrup of Comfry is also very profitable for the same infirmity, and in my opinion the best of the two, if any vessel be broken.   

135.  
Bay-salt, dried and beaten into fine powder, and well incorporated with Yolks of Eggs, is an admirable plaster for Boyles, Carbuncles, or Plague sores.   

136.  
The leaves or roots of Strawberries, eaten in pottage, is a marvellous remedy for the Jaundice.   

137.  
Juniper-berries are a great counterpoison. 
Diascorides. Pet. Hisp.    

138.  
Agrimony, Mugwort and Betony, both roots and leaves of each, made into an Ointment, with Hog's grease, and Vinegar, is a notable and approved Ointment for pains in the back.   

139.  
For Fistulaes', if they appear outward, tent them with the juice of the Herb Culverfoot [pes columbinus] but if it be inward, drink the juice of it.   

140.  
Betony boiled in Wine, and drunk, is a notable remedy for a surfeit.   

141.  
Centaury, either boiled in Wine, or taken in powder four or five days together, wonderfully helps such as have lost their appetite to their Victuals.   

142.  
Whosoever drinks the powder of Betony in Wine every morning, no poison shall hurt him the day following.   

143.  
The Dung of a Cat dried and mixed with Vinegar till it be pretty soft, 
Mizaldus.  taketh away hairs, and hinders their growing any more, the place being anointed with it.   

144.  
Dragons bound to the Privities of a Woman in Labour, 
Pet. Hisp.  causeth her speedily to be delivered; but than you must quickly take them away, lest they draw down Matrix and all.   

145.  
The grease of an Eel, boiled a little with the juice of Housleek, and a little of it dropped into a deaf Ear, recovers the hearing in a short space.   

146.  
The juice of Plantain cast into an Ulcer or Fistula with a Syringe, 
Pet. Hisp.  heals it; and so also doth the juice of Betony and Cinquefoil.   

147.  
An accurate and (in my opinion) famous remedy for deafness, is this; Take a great Onion and cut a little hole in the midst of it, than set it in the Embers to roast, and fill the hole full of Salad Oil, and ever as it dries, fill it up again, till the Onion be roasted well; then take off the outmost skin, and strain the Onion hard through a cloth, and save in a glass what you have strained out, which being dropped into the deaf care, cures it.   

148.  
For the falling down of the fundament, a disease which some are almost perpetually troubled with all their life long, this do; take the tops of red Nettles, stamp them and boil them in a Pipkin in white-wine, till half the Wine be consumed; then let the diseased drink a draught of this Wine, morning and evening, and apply the Nettles so boiled to his fundament.   

149.  
Engrave the sign of a Scorpion in the stone of a ring, the Moon ascending in the Scorpion, 
Alex. Jou. Pontanus.  and seal Frank incense with it, the Moon angular in the same sign (I suppose the Southern is best because that signifies Physic and help) this Frankincense thus sealed, being drunk in Wine, instantly cures the stinging of Scorpions, and for aught I know, by the same rule, the stinging or bitting of any other venomous Beast.   

150.  
Take white Soap, and when it is finely scraped, put so much good Aquavitae to it; put them into a large Retort, and lute a large Receiver to it very well; distil it in sand, 
Falopius.  first with a gentle fire, then increase the fire by degrees, and there will come out an Oil mixed with Water.  
This Oil is incombustible, and its virtues are many, both in Alchemy, to fix volatile medicines, in melting, to encorporate Nettles; 
Remember ♀.  but in Physic which is my present scope, it is of admirable and almost incredible virtue; for it assuageth all swell though of never so gross and clammy humours, healeth the most malignant Ulcers, the Gout, Quartane Ague, French Pox, dry scald heads.   

151.  
Agrimony is the herb appropriated for the cure of Fistulaes', 
Pet. Hisp. Gordonius  use it which way you please as you see occasion.   

152.  
Break the great bone of the Goose wing (the older the Goose is the better) and take out the marrow, with which anoint the web or pearl in the eye, and it will take it away and restore the sight.   

153.  
The herbs and roots of tormentil boiled in Wine, and the Wine drunk, and the herb laid plasterwise upon the eyes, restore the sight, though it have been lost many years.   

154.  
The roots of Hollioke, powdered and mixed with three times their weight in honey, 
Emp. Ben. Vict. Favent.  is an admirable remedy for shortness of breath.   

155.  
For women's breasts that are swelled (a usual thing in young nurses.)  
Take and bruise nine wood-lice (called by some, hog-lice; by others Sows) let them remain all night in eight or nine spoonfuls of drink; in the morning strain it, and let the Woman drink it up at one draught, and lay to her breast a Linen cloth, warmed and doubled three or four times; the next morning let her take eight of the said Lice used as before, 
Lady Owen.  the next morning seven, still diminishing one every morning, till she comes to take but one.  
If her breast be not well by that time, let her increase them one by one every morning, as before she substracted them.   

156.  
Take Lin-seed, Brook-lime, Chick-weed, and groundsel, and Wheat-bran, of each a handful, boil them in a pottle of White-wine to a Cataplasm (which the Vulgar call a Pultis) and lay it to any member that is swollen, and it will take away the swelling, speedily.   

157.  
Let him whose stinking breath proceeds from his stomach, do this and be well.  
Bruise two handfuls of Cummin-seed very well, and boil it in a pottle of white-Wine to a quart, and drink a good draught of it, morning and evening, and in a fortnight it will help him.   

158.  
Put the feet of a hen in hot embers, till the scales come off, 
Pet. Hisp:  then rub your warts with those scales, and they will be gone.   

159.  
Beat a pound or two of Hempseed very well, then moisten it with a little wine, and set it over the fire, in an earthen pan, well glassed, till it be so hot you cannot endure your hand in it, than put it into square bags and press the oil out.  
It is a very precious oil, for taken inwardly, it makes men pleasant and merry, valiant, and hardy, fierce to fight, void of fear; Outwardly by unction, it giveth a comely face.   

160.  
A pint of Aqua Composita, a Bullocks gall, and an ounce of Pepper, beaten very small, and all boiled to a save, cures any Sciatica, ache or gout, being applied to it, and changed once in twelve hours.   

161.  
Both Agrimony and Purslain, are such enemies to warts, 
Pet Hisp.  that they will go away if they be rubbed with the juice of either of them.   

162.  
For Cod that be swollen, without any rapture, this do; Take of Cummin seed in powder, barly-meal, and honey, of each alike quantity, fry them together with a little sheep suet, and apply it to the Gods.   

163.  
For sore and swelled throats, first rub your hand upon the bare ground, and then presently rub the throat with it; do so often times, and you shall quickly perceive both soreness and swelling will quickly go away.   

164.  
Posset and curd is an admirable thing to ripen any boil, carbuncle or fellow; and when it is ripe, there is nothing better to break it, then unslaked lime, mixed with black soap.   

165.  
Fill an Eggshell newly emptied, with juice of Howseleek set it in the hot embers, and take the scum from it, then strain it, and you have an excellent remedy for hot burning, pricking eyes.   

166.  
Agrimony, Bettony, Sage, Plantain, Ivy-leaves, and Rose-parsley, boiled in Wine, and the decoction drunk, is a notable remedy for such as are bruised by falling.   

167.  
If you burn Turpentine upon a hot plate of Iron, and give two drams of it at a time, 
Em. Ben. Vict. Faventin.  in powder, in Saxifrage water, it will break the stone in the bladder; also by taking it once or twice a week, it keeps such safe from the stone as are subject to breed it.   

168.  
Lavender boiled in water, and half a pint of the decoction drunk, morning and evening, helps such as have the palsy.   

169.  
Take a pint of Aqua Composita, and put a handful of Ivy-leaves into it, and stop it close, and they will consume in it; two or three spoonfuls of it taken at a time, is a most excellent remedy for the Strangury,   

170.  
Take a pound of black soap, a pint of Salad oil, half a pint of Aqua vitae, a quarter of a pint of juice of Rew, boiled together till it be thick, makes an admirable plaster, for the Sciatica; remove it not in two or three days.   

171.  
Take of the wood of Ivy, cut it in little pieces, of Ivy-berries, and the gum of Ivy, of each a like weight; let the wood be dried, then put it in a pot that hath two or three little holes in the bottom; 
Rogeriu●. & Euonimus  then set another potup to the brim in the earth, and put the bottom of the first pot into the mouth of the last, luting it round with past, so that the uppermost pot that holds the ingredients, may be all above the Earth; then make a fire round about it, and there will a black oil distil into the neither Vessel, very sovereign for old aches, and pains coming of a cold cause.   

172.  
Empty an Egg of all the white, and fill up the void place of the shell, with the juice of flowerdeluce; then warm it a little in the hot embers, and give it every morning to one that hath the Dropsey, and it makes them avoid the Hydropical humour downwards.   

173.  
An admirable medicine to stop fluxes of blood in any part of the body, the menstruis in women, 
Galen.  any aches, impediments in the back and liver, it allays the heat in Fevers, and causeth sleep.  
Take Cinnamon, Cassia Lignia, Opium, of each two drams, myrrh, white and long pepper, of each one dram, Galbanum, one dram, all being beaten into powder that can be beaten, make it into a mass, with clarified honey, and let the party diseased as before, take two pills of it, no bigger than a pease, at night going to bed.   

174.  
Take the quantity of an Almond of a Bull's gall, and mix it with two or three spoonfuls of wine, 
Wicker.  and let a woman that hath a dead child in her body, drink it, and she shall instantly be delivered.   

175.  
An excellent oil for old wounds, sores, Issues, Ulcers, 
Apsius, quoted by George Baker.  Aches, pains in the back, Hemorrods', Gout, etc.  
Take of old white-Wine a quart, old oil three pints, Carduus benedictus, Valerian, sage with the flowers, if you can get it, of each a quarter of a pound, of the leaves and flowers of St john's wort half a pound; let the herbs and flowers be infused in the oil and wine, four and twenty hours, then boil it in an earthen vessel, well glassed, or a brass Vessel, till the wine be consumed, stirring it now and then for fear of burning; then take it off, and strain it, and add to it a pound and an half of Venice turpentine, and boil it again a quarter of an hour; then add to it, Olibanum, five ounces, Myrrh, three ounces, Sanguis draconis, one ounce; let it boil a little till the Myrrh be dissolved, then take it off, and when it is cold, put it in a glass, stop it close, and let it stand in the sun ten days before you use it.   

176.  
The body of a Birch tree, 
Mathiolus Dioscorides.  cut down in the spring time, and laid in the fire, doth yield great store of water, which water being drunk is of wonderful force to break the stone in the Reins.   

177.  
The smell of Bitumen, Rew, 
Mizaldus. Monardus.  or the smoke of it burning, is of wonderful force against the fits of the Mother.   

178.  
The leaves and Bark of a Willow tree, sod in Wine, doth case the gout, being bathed with it.   

179.  
A Diamond held to the head that aches, 
Hollerius.  quite takes away the pains thereof.   

180.  
Pieces of Amber tied to the nape of the neck, 
Mizaldus.  helps the watering of the eyes.   

181.  
The same hung about the neck, helps distillations of the throat. 
Mizaldus.    

182.  
Letharge of Silver, boiled in Vinegar, and the skin washed with it, 
Mizaldus.  makes it exceeding white.   

183.  
If any great Beasts, as Horses, Kine, etc. be lame, mark where the lame or swollen foot doth stand, and cut up a turf where the foot stood, and hang it up, if the weather be hot and dry, upon a white thorn, else in the chimney corner; and as fast as that dries, the swelling will cease, and the pain go away.   

184.  
The water wherein Lavender hath been boiled, will take away any spot or slain out of any cloth.   

185.  
Let the Image of a Lion be engraven in a plate of Gold, 
Andrea's Cordulensis.  when Sol is in Leo; let not the Moon behold the sixth house, nor yet the Lord of the Ascendant behold Saturn nor Mars, (if it be not a Systeam too rare to find) neither let the Moon behold them; this strengthens the heart being worn against it, as also pains in the back, being worn against that.   

186.  
Also if Trochisks be made with Olibanum & Goat's blood, 
Idem.  and sealed with the said plate, and afterwards dissolved and drunk in White-wine, it breaks the stone in the Reins and Bladder.   

187.  
The whitest of Frankincense, 
Razis. Mizaldus.  beaten in powder and drunk in White-wine, wonderfully increaseth the memory, and is profitable for the brain and stomach.   

188.  
Any part of the bone of a man's arm, with the biggest end of a goose-wing being born about one that hath the quartane Ague, 
Mizaldus. Geber.  cures them.   

189.  
The powder of earth worms, of mice dung, and of a Hare's tooth, put into the hol● of a rotten tooth, it will drop out without any instrument.   

190.  
There is a stone to be found in the head of a long Snail, 
Mizaldus.  which being beaten into fine powder, and blown into the eye, takes away the web, spots, or other infirmities that annoy it.   

191.  
A spoonful of Aquavitae, 
Lemnius.  sweetened with sugar, (and a little grated white-bread put in it, that it may not annoy the brain, nor harm the liver) taken every day, preserves folk not only from Lethargies, and Apoplexies, but also from all cold diseases.   

192.  
Take one part of Gentian, and two parts of Centaury, bruise them and infuse them five days in a convenient quantity of Wine, then distil them;  
This water being drunk, preserves the body in health, 
Julius & Euonimus  resisteth the plague, causeth a good colour, cureth Imposthumes and Ptisicks, stuff of the stomach and spleen, provoketh the terms, purgeth choler and corrupt blood, healeth inward wounds, the biting of venomous beasts, and clears the sight.   

193.  
A most excellent remedy for the Plague, is this: Take Ivy-berries when they are ripe, 
●lexis.  and dry them, then take half a dram of the powder of them in Plantain water, and sweat upon it.   

194.  
Stamp Chelondine, and apply it to any tetter or Ringworm, and it will quickly cure it.   

195.  
The same herb by like usage, will take away any black spot, from any part of the body.   

196.  
Let the party that is troubled with the toothache, lie on the contrary side, and drop two or three drops of the juice of Rew into his ear, on that side his teeth ache, and let it remain there an hour or two, it will not only take away the pain for the present, but he shall never be troubled with it after.   

197.  
For women's breasts that are sore, beat a handful of figs well, and mix them with a little hog's grease, and apply it to the breast as hot as can be suffered; if the breast be ready to break, it will break it, else not.   

198.  
Take good saffron in powder, and mix it with as much black soap, and spread it on the fleshy side of a piece of leather, and lay it to the navel of one that cannot make water, and in one hour you shall see the effects of it.   

199.  
The Roots of Holly-okes, 
Pet. Hisp.  stamped with hog's grease, and applied to the Gout, helps it in three days.   

200.  
Verjuice sod, and put hot into a tin bottle, with a narrow mouth, and the mouth of the bottle held to the ear, that the fume may go up into the head, helps the headache, and noise in the ears; and if any quick thing be gotten into the ear, it will quickly bring it out.   
FINIS.   

A TREATISE OF THE PESTILENCE, With its 

PREVISION,  
PROVISION,  
PREVENTION.    
By NICHOLAS CULPEPPER, Student in Astrology and Physic.  
Printed in the Year 1655.   

A TREATISE OF THE PESTILENCE.  
COnsidering the reigning and raging of this Disease in London, and divers other Towns and Cities in England, and that large experience I have had in it now these ten years, considering also the terrible horror and affright that seizeth on most men and women to this day (though the disease have been no stranger to London this twelve years) if the disease be but within a House or two of them, yea some, if it be but in the Street, as though they were all dead men, I thought good to write a small Tractate of the Disease, studied from the grounds of Physic, and confirmed by daily experience, to leave behind me, for the benefit of Posterity, or my Survivers, be they who they will, which may be as a Present and a more honest help to them, then running away; for hereby their minds being guided by more true, charitable and neighbourly principles, they may do good to themselves and others, and benefit their own experience in Physic, as I have done before them.  

Galens three adverbs, Citò Longè Tardè.  And this small treatise (for I hate prolixity) may stand them in as much, and more stead than Galens three adverbs, Citò, Longè, Tardè, to run away quickly, and fare, and to return not in a long time, which he saith (though untruly) is worth three Apothecaries shops well furnished.  

'Cause threefold.  The causes of this disease are three, yet all subservient, the one to the other.  
The first cause, is the great conjunctions of the superior Planets meeting in Signs; Cause 1 ruling such and such Countries and Cities, or in Signs opposing, or squaring such Signs.  
The second is a corrupted, and unwholesome Air, 'Cause 2 which is caused by such meetings of the Planets.  
The third is putrified humours, hot blood, addust, and burned, 'Cause 3 caused by breathing in such corrupt Air; and if the diet before were perverse, it adds fuel to the fire, and fills the body with superfluous humours.  
A word or two now to satisfy men, concerning the common fear of infection, which makes many rich men, which might and ought to maintain poor visited people, yea many Physicians, whose duties it is to administer physic to them, to fly away, so that in time of great infection, you may hear more cry out for lack of bread, and means necessary, then for anguish of the disease.  
Hence also came that unnatural and inhuman custom of shutting up houses that are visited, thereby sadding and dejecting their spirits; and thereby making way for the disease, as I shall show anon; and taking men from their usual employments, which is a digester of humours, and a preserver of health; Nay if the disease be infectious (as in their opinions it is) it is plain murder, to shut men up in an infected and mortal Air.  
But I shall prove by solid arguments, 
The Plague not infectious. Arg. 1.  that the Pestilence is not infectious.  
My first Argument I frame thus.  
That disease that infecteth one man that cometh near it, infecteth all men that come near it.  
But the Plague infecteth not all.  
Therefore it infecteth none.  
The minor is clear, as the Sun.  
My Major I prove from the universal course of nature; The fire warmeth one man, it warmeth all; the water wetteth one man, it wetteth all, because their nature is so to do; a sword woundeth one man, it woundeth all that are strooke with it; the universal current of nature runneth so; therefore the Plague, if it infect one man, must infect all.  
But some will say, all men's bodies are not full of humours; Object. if they were, all would be infected.  
I answer, then by my Opposites argument, the fault lies in the humours that are within Answ. the body, not in the infection which is without; if he fly, will these putrified humours continue in his body, and he remain in health? if so, how then come diseases?  
Or will an infected Air change a disease, (which would be but bad at the best) if so, show a Rule in Physic, and I am satisfied. 
* You may find some notable proofs to the contrary, in my Astrological experiences.   
But cleanse the body of these humours, let all men do so, and then come to a visited person, and then by my Opposites own confession they will not be infected; and how then can the disease be infections, and infect no body.  
My second Argument I frame thus.  
That disease, Arg. 2 the raining of which may be foreseen, by more secret causes in nature long before it come, can not be increased by visiting the sick, nor diminished by abstaining from them.  
But the Pestilence may, and always is foreseen long before it comes.  
Therefore you will have it never the soonner, by visiting those that are sick of it, nor escape ever a whit the longer, by abstaining from it.  
The Major is clear; for if the cause come, the effect must needs follow.  

Signs of a Plague to come.  For the proof of the minor, I shall produce twelve signs of a Plague to come, which appear some of them above a year, yea some of them above two years before it come.  
The first is Phanomena in the Air, great meetings of superior Planets, whereby not only the time, but also the place where the Pestilence will most rage, may be gathered, as this Autumnal Pestilence in London. 1645. was by Mr Booker in his Almanac, for that year, which was penned at Midsummer. 1644. also by Mr William Lilly his Anglicus peace or no peace, left at the Printers, Decemb. 1644.  
The learned in Astrology may satisfy themselves without me; also blazing stars and other strange meteors, and supernatural sights and apparitions in the Air.  
The second is the changing of the seasons, hot weather out of its season, and cold out of its season, hot and dry weather a long time, upon south winds, and many reins upon north-winds.  
The third is when the small pocks and measles, vex not only children, but men and women of perfect age, especially in the Spring.  
The fourth, is the winds holding alongtime in the south, or west.  
The fifth is a dark and troubled Air a long time, without either rain or clear weather, or if after a long drought it rain without thunder.  
The sixth is, when women conceived with child, do suffer abortion for every light and slight cause.  
The seventh is when in summer time after rain, abundance of frogs of divers colours gather together.  
The eight is a great number (more than ordinary) of flies, spiders, and creeping things, are seen in the spring.  
The ninth is death of fourfooted beasts and fishes.  
The tenth is birds forsaking their nests, and leaving their eggs there.  
The eleventh is dearth of corn and grain.  
The twelft is a hot and moist temperature of the year.  
But say some, Object. if the Plague be not infectious, what is the reason when it comes into a house, sometimes all the house are sick of it, and sometimes die of it?  
This might be sufficiently answered by a retortive, Answ. 
All diseases, come by Ill directions; therefore not by infection. Else no nativity can safely be verified by accidents. Prevention.  If so be the Plague be infectious; what's the reason; many times but one in a house hath it, and all the rest, though perhaps they kept a worse diet, yet escape? any that hath any judgement in nativities, can give a reason of it easily.  
Well, be it infectious or not infectious, prevented it may be, as may other demonstrations of the Planets, if discretion be used, and therefore now to the purpose.  
And in the first place, let such as would avoid this disease, avoid the fear of it; for fear changeth the blood into the nature of the thing feared, the imagination ruling the spirits natural, as is manifest in women's conceptions.  
Secondly, let your body be kept soluble; if it be not so naturally, take a scruple of Pillutae Ruffi Pestilentiales, at night when you go to bed.  
Thirdly, if your body be full of blood, bleed so much as strength and age permit.  
Take a spoonful of Vinegar of Squils', * three or four times a day, viz. 
Fewer times will serve the turn.  at ten of the clock; after dinner; at four in the afternoon; and after Supper.  
Take the quantity of a Hazle nut of this Electuary (invented by Mithridates, that renowned King of Pontus, and the first Author also of that Electuary that bears his name to this day [Mithridate]) every morning, often also used by the Emperor Charles the fift; of the virtues of which I have had large experience; it is thus made. Take of green Rew, gathered in the hour of Sol, half a handful, blue Figgs six, and as many Walnuts, with forty Juniper berries, and a little Bay-salt, beat into an Electuary.  
Let all passions and perturbations of mind be ☞ avoided, together with all violent motions, for these inflame the blood, so also doth drinking much Wine.  
Let the house be kept clean and pure, and always a good fire in it.  
Let the diet be of good juice, quick of digestion, and let him eat sharp things with his meats, such as Vinegar, Verjuice, Oranges, juice of Lemons and Citrons, or Pomegranates, and let all fruits be avoided, except such as are sour.  
Let not the stomach be charged with excess either of meat or drink.  
In Summertime let the blood be cooled with cool herbs, as Endive, Lettuce, Purslain, Succory, and let the drink be Whey, clarified with them.  
Let him use the smells of Laudanum, Styrax, Calamitis, Camphor, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, wood of Aloes, liquid Storax, etc.  
Lastly, these things are preventional being taken inwardly, and resist the Disease, consideratis considerandis, viz. Angeliica roots, Zedoary, Bowl Armenic, Terra Lemnia, Mithridate, Treacle, Tormentill, and Petasitis roots, and Citron pills, with many other things too tedious to rehearse.  
And thus much for Preventions.  
I come now to Provision for it, when Prevention is too late.  

Twelve signs of one infected.  And first of all that Provision may be timely, I begin with the signs of one infected, which are twelve.  
The first is when the outward Members be cold, the inward Members being burning hot.  
The second is heaviness, weariness, Sloth and indisposition of the whole body, and difficulty in breathing.  
The third is pain and heaviness in the head.  
The fourth is carefulness of the mind and sadness.  
The fist is a marvellous inclination to sleep, for the most part, for sometimes watching and raving vex them.  
The sixth is a frowning eye.  
The seventh is loss of Appetite.  
The eighth is immoderate thirst, and often vomiting.  
The ninth is bitterness and dryness of the mouth.  
The tenth is a pulse, swift, small and deep.  
The eleventh is Urine for the most part, turbulous, thick and stinking, although I have seen the Urine of some that from the beginning of the disease, to the time of their dissolution differed nothing from the Urine of healthy men; and indeed the Prognostication in my opinion was the worse; for I (as yet) never knew but two, whose Urine was so, and both were delivered by death, and not preserved by Physic; and therefore considering that Vrina est meretrix, you must have an eye to the precedent and subsequent signs and sign.  
The twelfth and most certain sign of all is, if there appear rise behind the ears, under the Arme-boles, or in the groin, without any manifest cause known, or if Carbuncles arise, suddenly in any other member.  
These when they arise show nature is strong and able, 
Prognostica.  because it thrusteth the venom from it in the beginning of the sickness, yea many times before the body perceives itself sick.  
These Carbuncles appearing, show which of the vitals is most affected with the malady; for if they appear about the ears, the brain is most annoyed, because that is the purging place of the brain.  
If the rising appear under the Arms, the malady lieth heaviest upon the heart, for that is the purging place of the heart.  
But if it appear in the Groin, the Liver is most infected; for the Groin is the purging place thereof.  
But if no rising at all appear, it foreshews weakness of nature, and is most dangerous; for nature is weak, and not able to expel the venom.  
When those spots appear that are called Tokens, they show the whole blood universally is corrupted; but of these hereafter.  
If you feel yourself infected first upon a full stomach, 
Cure-Vomit.  take a vomit presently.  
Also in the beginning of the disease, 
Bleeding  let him bleed on that fide that the rising appears; if it appear in the Neck, bleed him in the Cephalica on that arm, viz. if it be on the right, bleed him in the right arm; if on the left side of the the neck, on the left arm.  
If the rising appear under the arm, bleed him in the Basilica of the arm on that side the Carbuncle appears.  
But if it appear in the Groyné, breath the vein in the Ankles of the same side.  
If none at all appear, consider which parts are most grieved, with pains and aches, and proceed in blood-letting, according to the former rules.  
Sweeting also is a sovereign remedy, 
Sweat.  which you may affect by some such medicines as these, Mithridate, Venice Treacle, Matthiolus his great Antidote, his Bezoar Water, Serpentary roots, Electuarium de Ovo.  
Let his blood be cooled with this or the like Julep, 
Julep.  and let him drink no other drink.  
Take of Hartshorn and Ivory of each ℥ ss. of the flowers of Violets, B●rrage, bugloss, Clove-gilly-flowers, Rosemary and Marigolds, of each two. ʒ of the roots of Petasitis and Zedoary of each three ʒ of the roots of Scorzonera i. ℥ boil them all in a pottle of water to a quart, adding toward the end of the decoction of Saffron and Cochaneal, of each ten grains; strain it and add to the decoction syrup of Violets, clove-gilly-flowers, and Melissaphylli Fernelii of each an ounce, Oil of Sulphur twelve drops, let him drink a draught of it so often as he is a dry.  
If he be astringent, 
Clyster.  keep his body soluble with Clysters.  
Refresh and strengthen him with Cordials, 
Cordial.  such be Confectio de Hyacintho, Confectio Alchermes, Electuarium de ovo, species Cordiales temperatae, Trochisci Galliae Moschatae, Magisterium perlarum & Corrallorum, pulvis Gasconiae, Bezoar orient. these or any of these, considerati● considerandis.  
Provoke him to sleep with Diascordium, 
Sleep.  if he sleep not; but have a care of Opiates in the beginning of the disease.  
If he vomit much, (as some vomit up all they eat or drink) stay it with Spiritus menthae.  
If swelling arise, consider first whether it be likely to break, or not, 
For rise.  that you may know; if it lie deep in the flesh, and look white, it is not likely to break; you must then anoint it with oil of Lilies or Chamomell.  
If it rise to a head, look red, and lie not deep, it will break; then take a young Pigeon, pull off the feathers from her tail, and hold her bare fundament to the swelling, and it will draw out the venom.  
Some lay Venice Treacle to it, and with good success; 
Venice Treacle attractive.  for Venice Treacle draweth the poison to it, and doth not cast it from it, as some Physicians ignorantly affirm; for proof of which consider, that all hot things are of an Attractive quality; Treacle is hot, Arg: 1 therefore Actractive. All purges draw the humour to them, and having gotten it together, nature casts it out; for Rhubarbe, that purgeth choler, is purely Choleric itself, and therefore draws its like; so Venice Treacle draws the venomous humour to itself, and having gotten it into the tunicle of the stomach, or other place fare from the Vitals, nature will deal well enough with it.  
Secondly, if the Attractive faculty be hot, Arg: 2 and dry, then must all hot and dry things be attractive; But the attractive faculty is hot and dry.  
Thirdly, if the original of all heat be attractive, Arg: 3 so are the Branches.  
But the original and root of all heat is attractive, as the Sun; so then are the Branches.  
But enough (perhaps too much) of this.  
Sometimes the swelling falls down again, and black, and that comes through cold taken, and is a desperate sign; for you must be very careful of taking cold, in this disease.  
But when it is too late to prevent, the remedy is presently to take a Pigeon, and with a sharp knife, cut her through the breast to the back; break her open, and apply her (yet alive) to the place.  
If this do no good, apply a Cupping-glass to the place; for though this remedy be desperate, yet I have known it save a man's life.  
When the sore is broken, apply a Melilot plaster to it, and tent it with Linimentum Arcei; and make no great haste to heal it up.  
Lastly, if tokens appear, (which by most ignorant people is affirmed, 
Tokens.  and firmly believed to be an infallible sign of death; although I know two living at this time, and four or five more, since the writing of this in London, that were full of them, and yet recovered;) first I will tell you what I knew myself; a young man was let blood after he had the tokens upon him, whereby part of the corrupted blood was let out, and the rest cooled, and he lived above a fortnight after, and then died; his Father denying to let him have any Physic in all that time, because he said he was marked for death; whereas Cordials, and nourishing diet, might happily have preserved his life.  
Another remedy for those that have tokens, is something more desperate, which is this; whilst natural heat remains, wrap him up naked in a blanket wet in cold water; and that will set him in a most violent sweat, and purge out the corruption from the blood.  
Venitque Salutifer Orbi. NICH. CULPEPER.  
FINIS.   

Reader, These Books following are printed for Nath. Brooks, and are to be sold at his shop at the Angel in Cornhill.  

1. Time's Treasury or Academy for Gentry, for their acomplishment in Arguments of discourse, habit, fashion; summing up all in a Character of Honour, by Ri. Brathwait Esq.  
2. Morton on the Sacrament. In Folio.  
3. That excellent piece of Physiognomy and Chiromancy, metoposcopy, the symmetrical proportions and signal Moles of the body; the subject of Dreams: to which is added the art of Memory. By Rich. Sanders. Fol.  
4. Theatrum Chymicum. Britannicum, containing several Poetical Pieces of our famous English Philosophers, which have written the Hermetique Mysteries in their ancient Language. By the truly noble Elias Ashmole Esq.  
5. Catholic History, collected and gathered out of Scripture, Councils and ancient Fathers, in answer to Dr. Vone's Lost Sheep returned home. By Edw. Chisenhal Esq.  
6. Tactometrica, or, the Geometry of Regulars, after a new manner, in Solids; with useful Experiments, with new Experiments never before extant, for Gauging; A work useful for all that are employed in the Art metrical, By John Wyberd, Dr. in Physic.  
7. An Astrological discourse, with Mathematical Demonstrations proving the influence of the Planets and fixed stars upon Elementary bodies. By Sir Chr. Heydon Knight.  
8. Magic Astrology vindicated by H. Warren.  
9 Catastrophe Magnatum By N. Culpeper.  
10. Ephemerideses for the year 1652. by N. Culpep.  
10. Judicial Astrology vindicated and Daemonology confuted. By W. Ramsey Gent.  
11. The History of the Golden Ass.  
12. Teratologia: or, a discovery of God's wonders, manifested in former and modern times by bloody Rain and Waters. By L. S.  
13. Fons Lachrymarum: or, a fountain of Tears, with an Elegy upon Sr Ch. Lucas, by I. Quarles.  
14. Oedipus: or, a Resolver of Secrets in Nature, and resolution of Amorous, Natural Problems. By G. M.  
15. The Celestial Lamp, enlightening every distressed soul from the depth of everlasting darkness. By Tho. Fettrisplace.  
16. Noctural Lucubrations, with Epigrams and Epitaphs, By R. Chamberlain.  
17. The unfortunate Mother A Tragedy, By Tho. Nabs.  
18. The Rebellion. A Comedy, By T. R.  
19 The Tragedy of M●ssalina, by Na. Richard's. 8  
20. A Treatise of Contentation, Fit for these sad and troublesome times. By Jos. Hall late B. of Exon. and Norwich. 12.  
21. The grand Sacrilege of the Church of Rome, in taking away the Sacred Cup from the Laity at the Lords Table, by Daniel Featly D. D.4.  
22. The cause and cure of Ignorance, Error. and Profaneness: or, a more hopeful way to Grace and Salvation. by R. Young. 8.  
23. A Bridle for the times, tending to still the murmuring, to settle the wavering, to stay the wandering, to strengthen the fainting; by I. Brinsley Minister at Yarmouth.  
24. Comforts against the fear of death; wherein are several evidences of the work of Grace, by J. Collins of Norwich.  
25. The Zealous Magistrate, a Sermon, by Tho. Threscot.  
26. Britannia Rediviva, a Sermon before the Judges, Aug. 1649. by I Shaw Minister of Hull.  
27. The Princess Royal, A Sermon before the Judges, Mar. 24. 1650. by J. Shaw Minist. of Hul.  
28. New jerusalem, in a Sermon for the Society of Astrologers Aug. 1651.  
29. Cabinet of Jewels, discovering the nature, virtue, value of precious Stones: with infallible Rules to escape the deceit of all counterfeit, by T. Nicholes.  
30. Quakers cause at second hearing, being a full answer to their Tenets.  
31. Divinity no Enemy to Astrology: a Sermon for the Society of Astrologers for the year 1653. by Dr. Tho. Swadlin.  
32. Historical Relation of the first planting of the English in New England in the year 1628. to the year 1653. and all the material passages happening there. Exactly performed.  
33. Select thoughts: or, Choice Helps for a pious Spirit, beholding the excellency of her Lord Jesus, by J. Hall, B. of Nor. A new piece.  
34. The holy Order, or Fraternity of Mourners in Zion. To which is added Songs in the night: or, cheerfulness under Affliction, by Ios. Hall, Bishop of Norwich, A new piece.   
FINIS.   

The first Part of Culpepers last Legacies, his Physical, v Remaines.  
An INDEX for the Treatise of the HEAD.  

OF Headache in General with its several Names and Kind's. Chap. 1. Page 1.  
Of the Headache called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 coming of heat. Chap. 2. Page. 2.  
Of the Headache coming of cold. Chap. 3. Page. 4.  
Of the Headache coming of dryness or moisture. Chap. 4. Page 6.  
Of the Headache coming of plenitude of blood. Chap. 5. Page 98.  
Of the Headache coming of choler. Chap. 6. Page. 9  
Of the Headache coming of windiness. Chap. 7. Page. 11.  
Of Headache caused from the stomach. Chap. 8. Page. 13.  
Of Headache caused by Drunkenness. Chap. 9 Page. 14.  
Of the Headache caused by fevers. Chap. 10. Page. 15.  
Of the Headache 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Chap. 11. Page. 16.  
Of the Megrim. Chap. 12. Page. 18.  
Of the Vertigo, or swimming in the Head. Chap. 13. Page. 20.  
Of Frenzy. Chap. 14. Page. 23.  
Of the Lethargy. Chap. 15. Page. 26.  
Of Forgetfulness. Chap. 16. Page. 28.  
Of Catalepsis. Chap. 17. Page. 30.  
Of the Apoplexy. Chap. 18. Page. 32.  
Of the dead-palsy on one side. Chap. 19 Page. 34.  
Of the Palsy in one member. Chap. 20. Page. 38.  
Of the falling sickness. Chap. 21. Page. 39  
Of Convulsion and Cramps. Chap. 22. Page. 40.  
Of the Mare. Chap. 23. Page. 42.  
Of Madness. Chap. 24. Page. 43.  
Of Melancholy. Chap. 25. Page. 45.  
Of trembling▪ or shaking in any limb called commonly the shaking-Palsie. Chap. 26. Page. 49.  
A Table of Fevers. Chap. 1. Page. 1.  
A Comment upon the Table of Fevers. Chap. 2. Page. 1.  
Of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or an one day Fever. Chap. 3. Page. 5.  
Of Synochus non putrida, which is a Fever that lasteth three or four days. Chap. 4. Page. 8.  
Of a rotten Fever called Synochus putrida. Chap. 5. Page. 9  
Of continual fevers called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Chap. 6. Page. 11.  
Of a burning Fever called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Chap. 7. Page. 13.  
Of an intermitting Tortian Fever, commonly called a second day's Ague. Chap. 8. Page. 14.  
Of a Quartain Fever or Ague. Chap. 9 Page. 16.  
Of a Quotidian Fever or Ague. Chap. 10. Page. 17.  
Of a Hectic Fever. Chap. 11. Page. 18.   

Index to the Aphorisms.  
To stop Bleeding. Aph. 3. 4, 5, 40, 64, 98, 124, 125, 133, 134, 173.  
To procure Chastity. Aph. 6.  
For a Web in the Eye. Aph. 7. 8, 60, 190.  
For the Ague in women's breasts. Aph. 9, 10.  
For a Consumption. Aph. 11.  
For the Heartburning. Aph. 12.  
For a Rupture. Aph. 13. 110.  
For the Falling-sickness. Aph. 14. 132.  
For Deafness. Aph. 16. 86, 103, 107, 145.  
For a Quartain Ague. Aph. 15.  
For the Teeth, and the Tooth ath. Aph. 17. 57, 97, 120, 196.  
For the biting of a mad Dog. Aph. 18.  
For an Earwig got into the Ear. Aph. 19  
For the Head open moulded. Aph. 20.  
For those that speak in their sleep. Aph. 22.  
For swelling in the knees. Aph. 23. 28, 58, 78, 109.  
For the Gout Aph. 25. 26, 50, 115, 117, 119, 129, 178, 199.  
For broken bones in the Head. Aph. 24.  
For a Fever. Aph. 27.  
For pain in the feet. Aph. 29.  
Against sweeting too much. Aph. 30.  
To help digestion, and provoke an Appetite. Aph. 31. 141.  
For a Clap. Aph. 32.  
For the Headache. Aph. 33. 179, 200.  
For an Imposthume in the Head. Aph. 34. 35.  
For a pain in the Periostion. Aph. 36.  
For bruises and aches. Aph. 37.  
For shortness of breath. Aph. 38.  
For a Tetter. Aph. 39  
To wash wounds. Aph. 41. 93, 105.  
For yellow Jaundice. Aph. 42. 88, 121, 136.  
For the Stone. Aph. 43. 45, 61, 80, 167.  
To provoke Lust. Aph. 44.  
How to apply Cupping-glasses. Aph. 47. 48.  
For a Dropsy. Aph. 49. 172.  
To provoke Urine. Aph. 53. 67, 96.  
To take away freckles. Aph. 54.  
For the Colic. Aph. 55.  
For the bite of a Spider. Aph. 56.  
For a Wen. Aph. 62. 84. 158. 161,  
For the Strangury. Aph. 63.  
For costiveness. Aph. 66. 70.  
For the Megrim. Aph. 68 85, 95, 122.  
For an old Cough. Aph. 71.  
For noise in the ear. Aph. 72. 73, 104.  
For swelling in the eyes. Aph. 74.  
For the Headache. Aph. 75.  
For overflowing of the Menstruis. Aph. 82.  
For those that cannot hold their water. Aph. 81. 198.  
To increase good milk. Aph. 79.  
For Burn. Aph. 87. 89.  
For the Hemorroids. Aph. 90▪ 92, 118.  
To provoke vomiting. Aph. 99  
To purge indigested humours. Aph. 100  
For women in Labour. Aph. 101.  
To know whether a sick man will live or die. Aph. 102.  
To recover the sight. Aph. 108. 152, 153.  
To cure Ulcers. Aph. 111.  
To bring forth the child dead or alive. Aph. 112. 174.  
For the Pleurisy. Aph. 116.  
For the King's evil. Aph. 123.  
For women in labour. Aph. 144.  
For the bloudyflux. Aph. 126. 127, 128.  
Against poison. Aph. 137. 142.  
For a fistula. Aph. 139. 146, 147, 151.  
For a surfeit. Aph. 140.  
Against the stinging of Scorpions. Aph. 149.  
For falling of the fundament. Aph. 148.  
A● incomparable oil. Aph. 150. 175.  
For women's breasts swelled. Aph. 155▪ 197.  
For swell. Aph. 156.  
For shortness of breath. Aph. 154.  
To make men valiant. Aph. 159.  
For the Sciatica. Aph. 160. 170.  
For Aches. Aph. 171.  
For a stinking-breath. Aph. 157.  
For swelled throats. Aph. 163.  
Swelled Gods. Aph. 162.  
For hot pricking eyes. Aph. 165.  
For the Palsy. Aph. 168.  
For the strangury. Aph. 169.  
Stone in the reins. Aph. 176. 186.  
For the Mother. Aph. 177.  
For the Plague. Aph. 192. 193.  
For a Ringworm. Aph. 194.  
For a black and blue spot. Aph. 195.  
For Lethargies and Apoplexies. Aph. 191.  
For lame beasts. Aph. 183.  
To make the skin white. Aph. 18●.  
For watery eyes. Aph. 18●.  
For distillations of the throat. Aph. 181.  
To take spots out of . Aph. 〈◊〉  
For pain at the back. Aph. 18●.  
For to increase the memory. Aph. 18●.  
For the Quartane Ague. Aph. 188.   

An Index to the second Part.  
THe matters treated of in the second Part of this second Book you have the Synopsis in the page succeeding the title page.  
The matters treated of in the second Part of the second book you have the Synopsis Page. 51.   

A  
Aphorisms 62. concerning the quality of Medicines. Page. 39  
Arthriticals, or medicines proper to the joints. Page. 79.  
Aphorisms 13. concerning Arthriticals or medicines proper to the joints. ibid.   

B  
Breast, its infirmities and cures. Page. 120.  
Back, its infirmities and cures. Page. 138.  
Belly, its infirmities and cures. Page. 137.   

C  
Conserves, their use Page. 23.  
Cephaliks', or medicines proper to the head, what they are Page. 53.  
Cephaliks', or medicines proper to the head, how known. Page. 55.  
Cordials their use. Page. 65.  
Cordials 15. Aphorisives concerning them ibid.   

E  
Electuaries, their use. Page. 17.  
Eyes certain Aphorisms concerning them. Page. 58.  
Ears certain aphorisms concerning them. Page. 61.  
Eyes, their several diseases and cures. Page. 96.  
Ears their several impediments and cures. Page. 101.   

F  
Face, its infirmities cause and cures. Page. 114.  
Fundament, its informities and cures. Page. 139.  
Feet, their infirmities and cures. Page. 143.   

G  
Gums, their infirmities and cures. Page. 112.   

H  
Of Hepaticals, or medicines proper to the Liver. Page. 71.  
Hepaticals, 14. aphorisms concerning them. ibid.  
Of Hystericals', or medicines provoking the Menstruis Page. 77.  
Hystericals', 9 aphorisms concerning them. ibid.  
Head, its diseases and cures. Page. 95.  
Heart, its infirmities and cures. Page. 135.   

K  
Knees, their infirmities and cures. Page. 142.   

L  
Lungs their infirmities and cures. Page. 120.  
Liver, its infirmities and cures. Page. 132.  
Legs, their infirmities and cures: Page. 143.   

M  
Mouth, its infirmities and cures Page. 106.   

N  
Nose, aphorisms concerning it. Page. 60.  
Nose, its sever all impediments and cures Page. 102.  
Navel its infirmities and cures. Page. 137.   

O  
Oils their uses and virtues. Pag. 13.   

P  
Pills, their use. Pag. 90.  
Of Pectorals. Pag. 62.  
Purges, their use in general. Pag. 81.   

R  
Of Renals. Pag. 75.  
Renals, 7. Aphorisms concerning them. Pag. 75.  
Rheum in the Head, it's cure. Pag. 94   

S  
Syrrups their use and virtues. Pag. 7.  
Salts, their use and virtues. Pag. 29.  
Of Slpenicals or medicines proper to the spleen. Pag. 73.  
Splenicals 14. Aphorisms concerning them. Pag. 73.  
Spleen, its infirmities and cure. Pag. 125.  
Stomach, its infimities and cures. Pag. 129.  
Sides, their infirmities and cures. Pag. 134.   

T  
Troches, their use. Pag. 33.  
Teeth, Aphorisms concerning them. Pag. 61.  
Teeth, their diseases and cures. Pag. 108.  
Throat, its infirmities cause and cures. Pag. 119.  
Thighs, their infirmities and cure. Pag. 140.   

V  
Vertigo or giddiness in the head it's cure. Pag. 96.   

W  
Waters, their use and virtues. Pag. 1.  
Wines, their use and virtues. Pag. 10.    

READER,  
YOu are desired for the finding the remedy to any disease, (though not mentioned in the Table) to consider what member or part of the body is afflicted, and to search in the book for the part afflicted; where you shall find the cure for those diseases incident to it, etc. For that the Book being but small, the Table would be too large to insert every particular disease, (with its cure) treated of in this Book.  
FINIS.   

COMPOSITA: OR, A SYNOPSIS OF The chiefest Compositions in use now with Galenists.  
COLLECTED BY NICH: CULPEPER, Gent. Student in PHYSIC.  Meliora Spero. 
LONDON, Printed by J. G. for Nath: Brook, at the Angel in Cornhill, 1655.   

HAving not long since drawn a Synopsis of Simples, I intent now to do the like, by the most usual Compounds now in use, which if it serve for no other use, yet will it be a good preparative to other Studies of greater consequence:  

In this I shall observe this order,  
Of Waters.— Chap. 1.  
Of Syrups.— Chap. 2.  
Of Wines.— Chap. 3.  
Of Oils.— Chap. 4.  
Of Electuaries.— Chap. 5.  
Of Conserves.— Chap. 6.  
Of Salis.— Chap. 7.  
Of Pills.— Chap. 8.  
Of Troches.— Chap. 9  
This is the Method, now to the matter.    

CHAP. I. Of Waters.  
Water's either 

Altar.  
Purge.    
By altering they 

cool 

Blood.  
Choler.    
heat 

Phlegm.  
Melancholy.      
Cool the blood overheated, as Waters of 

Lettuce.  
Purslain.  
Waterlillies.  
Violets.  
Sorrell.  
Succory.  
Fumitory.  
Endive.    
Cools Choler in the 

Head 

Nightshade.  
Lettuce.  
Water-lilies.  
Poppies.    
Breast 

Violets.  
Poppies.  
Coltsfoot.    
Heart 

Sorrell.  
Quinces.  
Water-Lilies.  
Roses.  
Violets.  
Bark of Walnuts.    
Stomach 

Quinces.  
Guords.  
Roses.  
Violets.  
Purslain.  
Nightshade.  
Sengreen, or  
Housleek.      
Cools Choler in the 

Liver 

Endive.  
Succory.  
Nightshade.  
Purslain.  
Water-lilies.    
Reins and Bladder 

Endive.  
Winter-Cherries.  
Plantain.  
Water-lilies.  
Melons.  
Guords.  
Citruls.  
Strawberries.  
Sengreen.  
Grass.  
Black-Cherries.    
Matrix 

Endive.  
Lettuce.  
Water-lilies.  
Purslain.  
Roses.      
Heat Phlegm in the 

Head 

Betony, Sage.  
Marjerome.  
Camomile.  
Fennell.  
Calaminth.  
Lilies of the valley. Rosemary flowers.  
Primroses.  
Eyebright.    
Breast 

Maidenhair.  
Bettony.  
Hyssop.  
Horehound.  
Carduus. Orris.  
Scabious.  
Bawm.  
Tobacco.  
Selfeheal.  
Comfry.    
Stomach 

Wormwood.  
Mints. Fennell.  
Cinnamon. Mother of Thime.  
Marigolds.      
Heat Phlegm in the 

Heart 

Cinnamon.  
Bawm.  
Rosemary.    
Liver 

Centaury the less.  
Wormwood.  
Origanum.  
Agrimony.  
Fennell.    
Spleen. 

Birthwort.  
Water-cresses.  
Wormwood.  
Calaminth.  
Gentian.    
Reins and Bladder. 

Rocket. Nettles.  
Saxifrage. Rhaddish. Pellitory of the wall. cinquefoil.  
Burnet.  
Elicampane.    
Matrix 

Mugwort. Savin.  
pennyroyal.  
Calaminth.  
Lovage.      
Heat Melancholy in the 

Head 

Hops.  
Fumitory.    
Breast 

Bawm.  
Carduus.    
Heart 

borage.  
bugloss.  
Bawm.  
Rosemary.    
Liver 

Cichory.  
Fumitory.  
Hops.  
Asarabacca.    
Spleen 

Doddar.  
Heart's tongue.  
Tamaris.  
Thyme.       

CHAP. II. Of Syrups.  
Syrups. 

Concoct. vide pag. sequ.  
Purge 

Choler 

Roses,  
Violets.  
Peach-flowers.  
Cichory with Rhubarb.    
Phlegm 

Briony.  
hermodactils.  
Oximell.  
Julianizans  
Oximell.  
Helleboratum.    
Mixed humours 

Dyasereos.  
Diacnicu.        
Syrups concoct choler in the 

Head 

Water-lilies.  
Poppies.    
Breast 

Violets.  
Jujubes.  
Juice of Pomegranates.    
Stomach 

Vinegar.  
Pomegranates.  
Sour Grapes.  
Roses.  
Quinces.  
Myrtles.    
Heart 

Sorrell.  
Wood Sorrell.  
Juice of Oranges.  
Lemons and Citrons.    
Liver 

Endive.  
Succory.      
Syrups concocting Phlegm. 

Head 

Betony.  
Stoechas.    
Breast 

Hyssop.  
Horehound.  
Maidenhair.  
Coltsfoot.  
Scabious.  
Bettony.  
Liquoris.    
Heart 

Bizantinus.  
Bawm.    
Stomach 

Wormwood.  
Mints.  
Oximell  
Symplex, compounds and Scilliticum.    
Liver 

Of the opening roots.  
Agrimony.    
Matrix 

Mugwort.  
Calaminth.      
Melancholy in the 

Heart 

Juice of Apples.  
borage and bugloss.  
Citron Pills.  
Baum.    
Liver and Spleen 

Epithimum.  
Hops.  
Fumitory.       

CHAP. III. Of Wines.  
Wines 

Concoct.  
Purge.    
Wines concoct according to 

Place.  
Property.    
According to place Wines heat the 

Head 

Betony.  
Sage.  
Rosemary.  
Fennell.  
Stoechus.  
Eyebright.    
Heart 

Borage.  
bugloss.  
Bawm.  
Hippocras.    
Stomach 

Wormwood.  
Black-cherries.  
Hippocras.    
Liver and Spleen. 

Germander.  
Tamaris.    
Reins and Bladder. 

Winter-cherries  
Sage.      
In property they 

bind 

Quinces.  
Pears.  
Roses.    
provoke sweat 

Guajacum.    
resist poison 

Zedoary.  
Angelica.      
Purge 

Phlegm 

Vinum scilliticum.  
Acetum scilliticum.    
Choler 

Rhubarb.    
Melancholy 

Black Hellebore.    
Water 

Spurge.  
Walworth.       

CHAP. IU. Of Oils.  
Oils are chief for an external use, and so they altar according to 

quality.  
property.    
In their quality they are 

hot.  
cold.    
Oils heating the 

Stomach 

Mint.  
Wormwood.  
Mastich.  
spikenard.    
Liver 

Bitter Almonds.  
Wormwood.  
Spicknard.  
Mastich.    
Spleen 

Capers.  
Spike.    
Joints 

spikenard.  
Rue. Nuts.  
Nutmegs.      
Heat the nerves as Oil of 

Pepper. Mastich.  
Euphorbium.  
Elicampane.  
Earth worms.  
Margerum.  
Costmary.  
Lovage.    
Oils cooling the 

Stomach 

Quinces.  
Myrtles.  
Roses.    
Breast 

Violets.  
Water-lilies.    
Liver 

Violets.  
Water-lilies.    
Reins 

Lettuce.  
Water-lilies.    
Womb 

Quinces.  
Water-lilies.  
Myrtles.  
Gourds.      
Oils heating the head, are of 

Rosemary.  
Bettony.  
Vervain.    
Oils cooling the head, are of 

Fleabane.  
Poppies.  
Mandragues.    
Oils altering in property:  
So they 

Bind 

Wormood.  
Mints.  
Mastich.  
Myrtles.    
Mollify 

Linseed.  
Styrax.    
Loosen 

Sweet Almonds.  
Salad Oil.    
Rarify 

Dill.  
Chamomell.    
Digest 

Bitter Almonds.  
Nuts.  
Rue.    
Cleanse 

Myrrh. Tartar.  
Wheat. Eggs.  
Elder. Rhadishes.      
In property they 

Glutinate 

Myrrh.  
Tobacco.  
Balsam.  
Maudlin.    
Provoke sleep 

Mandragues.  
Poppy.  
Henbane.  
Water-lilies.    
Break the Stone 

Citron Seeds.  
Scorpions.  
Cherry Kernels.    
Provoke Lust 

Emmets.  
Fistick Nuts.    
Ease pain 

Elder. Wall flowers.  
Chamomell. Dill.  
White Lilies.  
Bay. St. John's wort.  
Populeon. Foxes.  
Dwarf. Elder.       

CHAP. V Of Electuaries.  
Electuaries either 

Altar in 

Quality 

Hot.  
Cold.    
Property    
Purge 

Choler.  
Phlegm.  
Melancholy.  
Mixed humours.      
Electaries Heating the 

Head 

Confectio anacardina.  
Diamoschum.  
Diambra.  
Diacorum.  
Diapeonias.  
Pleres' Arcoticon.  
Theriaca diates.    
Breast 

Diaïris.  
Diapenidion.  
Diahysopum.  
Diaprassium.  
Diacalaminthum.    
Heart 

Arom. Rosatum.  
Arom. Caryophyl.  
Dianthon.  
Diaxyloaloes'.  
Diamargariton.  
El. de gemmis.  
Loetificans. Gal.  
Conf. Alkerm.  
Conf. Liberantis.  
Pler. Arcoticon.      
Electuaries Heating the 

Stomach 

Arom. Rosatum.  
Diagalanga.  
Dianysum.  
Diacyminum.  
Diacinnamomun.  
Diagingiber.  
Diaspoliticon.  
Diatrion piperion  
El. è baccis lauri.  
Rosara novella.    
Liver 

Dialacca.  
Diacurcuma.  
Diacalaminthes'.  
Diacinnamomun.    
Spleen 

Diacapparis.  
Diacostum.  
Diacalaminthun.  
El. è scoriâ ferri.    
Matrix 

Diambra.  
Diacalaminthun.  
El. è gemmis.  
El. ex Affafoetida.      
Cool the 

Head 

Diacodion.    
Breast 

Diapapaver.  
Diatragacanthum frigidum, & resumptivum.    
Heart 

Diarrhodon. Ab.  
Diatrion sanct.  
Diamarg. frig.  
Conf. de Hyacintho.    
Liver Spleen Matrix Joints 

Triasantalum.  
Diarhodon. Ab.      
In property 

Bind 

Diacodion.  
Micleta.  
Tryphera minor.    
Break the Stone 

El. Reginae.  
Lilliontribon.  
De cineribus.      
In property 

Provoke Lust 

Diasatyrion.  
Diacorum.  
Tryphera Saracen.    
Resist poison 

El. de ovo.  
Mithridate.  
Treacle.  
Antidote  
Mathioli.  
Athanasia.      
Purge 

Gently 

Cassia 

with Senna.  
without.    
Diacatholicon.  
Diaprunum simplex.  
El. lenitivum.    
Strongly, see pag. seq.    
Purge Strongly 

Choler 

El. è succo rosarum.  
Diaprunum  
Solutivum.    
Phlegm 

Benedict. Laxativum  
Diaphoenicum.  
Indum Elect.  
Diaturbith 

Majus.  
Minus.    
Hyera picra simp.  
Hyera cum agar.  
Hyera Pachii.  
Hyera diacolocynth.    
Melancholy 

Confectio Hamech Hieralogodium.    
Mixed humours 

Diacarthamum.  
Diaturbith cum  
Rhubarb.       

CHAP. VI Of Conserves.  
Conserves heating the 

Head 

Rosemary flowers. Bettony. Eyebright. Sage Flowers. Lavender flowers. Margerum. Peony.    
Breast 

Hyssop. Bawm.  
Maidenhair.    
Heart 

borage flowers  
bugloss flowers  
Rosemary flowers  
Bawm.  
Clove-gilliflowers.    
Stomach 

Wormwood.  
Alicampane.  
Mints.    
Spleen 

Cetrach.  
Fumitory.    
Liver 

Wormwood.  
Fumitory.  
Elder flowers.      
Conserves heating the 

Womb 

Marjarom. Bawm.  
Rosemary flowers.    
Joints 

Stoechas.  
Rosemary flowers.      
Conserves cooling the 

Head 

Water-lilies.  
Roses. Violets.    
Breast 

Violets.    
Heart 

Sorrell.  
Wood Sorrell.  
Roses. Violets.    
Stomach 

Roses.  
Violets.    
Liver 

Endive.  
Succory.  
Roses.  
Violets.    
Spleen Reins Womb Joints 

Roses.  
Violets.       

CHAP. VII. Of Salts.  
Salts purge by 

Coughing 

St. john's wort.  
Polypodium.    
Urine 

Camomile.  
Wormood.  
Gentian.  
Rest harrow.  
Broom.  
Beancods.    
the Womb 

Mugwort.  
Bawm.  
Chelondine.    
Sweat 

Guajacum.      
Salts ease pain as of 

Man's blood.  
Stag's blood.  
Goat's blood.    
Cleanse as Salt of 

Urine.  
Honey.  
Vinegar.     

CHAP. VIII. Of Pills.  
The Pills I here treat of either 

Bind, as Pills of Bdellium.  
Ease pain, as Pills of 

Opium.  
Laudanum.  
è Styrace.  
è Cynogloss â  
Scribonii.    
or Purge.    
Pills purge 

Choler 

from the head, as 

Auriae.  
Arabicae.    
from the Liver 

Rhubarb.  
Agrimony.      
Phlegm 

from the head 

Cochiae.  
Hiera cum  
Agarico.  
Alhandal.    
from the breast 

Agrick.  
Hiera cum  
Agarico.    
from the stomach 

Alephangin.  
Mastich.  
Stomachicae  
Ruffi.    
from the Joints 

Hermodactils. Arthriticae. Foetidae Sagapenum.  
Opopanax.  
Sarcocolla.        
Pills Purge 

Melancholy from the Liver and Spleen. 

Fumitory.  
Indi.  
Lapis Lazuli.    
Mixed humours 

Head 

Sine quibus esse Nolo.  
Lucis Majores  
Cochiae.    
Stomach 

Assaireth.  
Turbith.  
Imperial.  
Ruffi.    
Liver 

De tribus.  
Alkekengi.    
All parts 

Agregative.         

CHAP. IX. Of Troches.  
Troches 

Altar, vid. pag. seq.  
Purge 

Choler 

Rhubarb.    
Phlegm 

De Agarico.  
Agaricus trochiscatus. Alhandal de Scillâ        
Troches alter according to 

Quality.  
Property.    
Inquality they are 

Hot as of 

Lignum Aloes.  
Saffron.  
Crocomagma.    
Cold as of 

Spodium.  
Diasantalon.  
Camphire.      
In property they 

Bind as 

Earth of Lemnos.  
Amber.  
Barberries.  
Spodium.  
Coral.    
Soften as of Capers.  
Open 

Bitter Almonds.  
H●patici.  
Wormwood.  
Roses.  
Bechici 

Albi.  
Nigri.    
De Lacca.  
Alkekengi.  
Agrimony.      
In property they 

open 

Aliptae Moschatae.  
Myrrh. Aniseed.  
Rhubarb.    
Cleanse as Cyphios'.  
Resist poison 

De Vipera.  
Ramich.  
Hedicteroi.  
Gallia  
Moschata.  
Diarrhodon.    
Ease pain 

Diarrhodon.  
Diaspermaton.  
Camphire.       

APHORISMS: Exceeding requisite for such as intent the noble, (though too much abused) practice of PHYSIC.  
Containing the quality of Medicines.  
COLLECTED BY NICH: CULPEPER, Gent. Student in PHYSIC.  
LONDON, Printed by J. G. for Nath: Brook, at the Angel in Cornhill, 1655.   

Aphorisms.  

I.  
ALL Medicines operate by a way, either manifest or hidden.   

II.  
We call that a manifest way, which is obvious to the senses, (especially to the taste and feeling) but that a hidden way which is obvious to no sense.   

III.  
All medicines working by a manifest way, perform their office, by heat or cold, moistening or drying.   

iv  
Neither is there any Simple so temperate, but one of these doth in one measure or another prevail.   

V  

Medicines temperate.  Yet are those usually called [Temperate] which excel not in cold moisture, heat or dryness to the first degree.   

VI  
These being put in any Medicine, altar not the quality of it.   

VII.  
These are used in such infirmities, in which there is no manifest distemper of the first qualities, viz. Heat, Cold, Dryness, Moisture, as for example, in obstructions of the Bowels, for than we dare not give hot things for fear of a Fever.   

VIII.  
Also in such Fevers where the effect is hot and dry, the Cause cold and moist, that so we may neither increase the Fever, nor make the Phlegm thick by cold.   

IX.  
Things contrary are taken away by their contraries, things like, are preserved by their like.   

X.  
The degrees of intemperature were observed, that so the part of the body afflicted, might be brought to its proper temper and no further; for if a Physician should give a thing extremely cold in a disease but meanly hot, he might soon cure that, and bring a worse in its room.   

XI.  

Hot in the first degree.  Those things are said to be hot in the first degree, which do only cherish natural heat, or restore it being lost, and that without any hurt at all to the body, chillinesse of the body, and pains coming by such distempers are remedied this way,   

XII.  
These also are sometimes given not only in cold, but also in hot afflictions.   

XIII.  
For it looseth and discusseth thick humours, that are compacted together by its gentle heat, opening the pores and causeth sweeting.   

XIV.  
Amongst these, such are chief to be used, which are most friendly to our bodies, viz. suitable to our complexions.   

XV.  
Such are called anodynes, or easers of pain.   

XVI.  
Also take notice that such Medicines, whether Simple or Compound, that are hot and moist, cannot excel their due moderation of heat.   

XVII.  
Such also take away Weariness, open the Pores, and consume the superfluous Vapours in Fevers.   

XVIII.  
Yet may a foolish use of these bring inconveniences, even to the consumption of the vital Spirits, as happens many times in Inflammations of the Bowels, etc.   

XIX.  
This usually happens by applying such a medicine, as is not appropriated to that part of the body it is applied to, puta the applying a Cephalick medicine to the bowels.   

XX.  

Hot in the second degree.  Such things are said to be hot in the second degree, whose heat is greater than the natural heat of our bodies, besides their heat offends the Palat.   

XXI.  
Their use is for such whose Stomach is offended by Phlegm, to heat and dry them.   

XXII.  
They open Obstructions, and the Pores of the Skin, not gently, and by persuasion, or fair words, as it were, but by threatening.   

XXIII.  
Their common use is, to cut and discuss tough thick viscous humours.   

XXIV.  

In the third degree.  Such as are hot in the third degree, work the same effects more violently, for they open Obstructions by violence and fine force.   

XXV.  
The heat of these are so great, that many times they stir up Fevers.   

XXVI.  
Their use is, to divide stubborn and compacted humours, and provoke sweat, whence it comes to pass, that most of them resist poison.   

XXVII.  

In the forth degree.  Lastly, those obtain the fourth and last degree of heat, which burn and raise blisters on the Body being outwardly applied.   

XXVIII.  
I am of opinion, that these ought not to be taken inwardly, but with great discretion, and in urgent necessities.   

XXIX.  
It is in vain to urge the common taking of Onions, Garlic, etc. against this: a man may (if he please) so accustom his body to poison, that for present it may not poison him, though for present it bring his body to great inconveniences, and make way for future diseases.   

XXX.  

Medicines cold in the first degree.  Also Physicians have allotted to cold medicines, four degrees of coldness.   

XXXI.  
Amongst which those obtain the first degree, which are but lightly and gently cold.   

XXXII.  

Nor pierce, although per accidens.  Yet because we live and are cherished by heat, no cold thing is properly friendly to our natures.   

XXXIII.  
Their use is not only to cool the heat of diet, and bring it to a grateful temper, but also to repress the unbridled heat of the body, as in internal inflammations, fevers, etc.   

XXXIV.  
In such occasions let such as are cold in the first degree, be administered to Children, and such as have weak natures, as also such whose bodies are little distempered with heat.   

XXXV.  

Cold in the second degree.  Such bodies as are stronger, or whose livers are hotter, may use such things as are cold in the second degree.   

XXXVI.  

In the third.  If the body be very strong, the stomach and liver very hot, such with due moderation may use medicines cold in the third degree.   

XXXVII.  

In the fourth.  Such as are cold in the fourth degree are not inwardly to be taken, without diligent correction and urgent necessity.   

XXXVIII.  
Outwardly they are used to take away inflammations, which if they be not great things, less cold will serve the turn.   

XXXIX.  
Every remedy ought to proportioned be according to the just quality of the disease.   

XL.  
Sometimes the spirits of man are troubled by heat, and in such diseases immoderate watching follows, neither is there any other way left to help such but cooling medicines.   

XLI.  
Cold naturally stops the pores, congeals the humours, stops sweat, stays motion, and by this means it sometimes so stops the passage of the spirits, that it consumes the strength both of the heart and bowels.   

XLII.  
When you read this you will see then what care, wisdom, skill, and diligence is requisite to a Physician.   

XLIII.  
The greatest use of things extremely cold is to ease pains, when neither emollients, lenitives nor anodynes will do it.   

XLIV.  
For things cold in the fourth degree stupefy the senses, thereby allaying that pain which might else produce a fever, and the fever death, before the disease or malady afflicting can be cured in a rational way.   

XLV.  
I have now done with the active qualities, viz: heat and cold; and come to the passive, viz: dryness and moisture.   

XLVI  

Of medicines moistening.  No moist medicines can arrive so high as the fourth degree.   

XLVII  
For seeing all things either heat or cool, things hot are drying, things could congeal, both are enemies to moisture.   

XLVIII  
Yet have moist things their operation also, for they are lenitive and make slippery.   

XLIX  

In the first degree.  Things moist in the first degree mitigate coughs, and help the roughness of the windpipe.   

L  

In the second.  Such as are moist in the second degree weaken natural strength.   

LI  
They loosen the belly, and make the blood and spirits thick, and by consequence the wit dull.   

LII  

In the third.  But if they exceed this degree, they cause the humours to putrify, and make the body unfit for any action, open a gate for dropsies, lethargies, and other diseases of like nature.   

LIII  

Of drying medicines.  Medicines which are drying have a contrary operation to these.   

LIV  
They comsume humours, stop fluxes, and make the parts of the body tenacious, and strengthen the actions of nature.   

LV  
Yet although drying medicines strengthen nature, by consuming the offending humidity; yet by unskilful use, they prove many times destructive.   

LVI  
There is humidity required to cherish the spirits, which if it be consumed, they cannot perform their actions, of which if they fail, they also consume natural strength,   

LVII  

In the second degree.  This is done by unwise or unskilful administering things dry in the second degree.   

LVIII  

In the third.  Things dry in the third degree are subject to spoil the nourishment, and bring consumptions.   

LIX  
Thence we may gather, that want of moisture to digest one's meat, causeth consumptions.   

LX  

In the fourth.  Besides this, there is an humidity in the body called Radical moisture, which being taken away, man must needs perish, and this is consumed by things dry in the fourth degree.   

LXI  
This although it come but as an effect of heat, yet it doth it by drying properly, and not by heating.   

LXII  
And this shall suffice briefly to have spoken of the qualities of Physic, as it is hot, cold, dry, or moist.    

SELECT APHORISMS: Concerning the operation of Medicines according to place in the Body of frail Man.  
COLLECTED BY NICH: CULPEPER, Gent. Student in PHYSIC, and ASTROLOGY.  
LONDON, Printed by J. G. for Nath: Brook, at the Angel in Cornhill, 1655.   

I Shall bluntly set about the business, and yet not so rudely neither, but I shall observe order, and divide the whole business into these Chapters.  

Of Cephalicks. Chap. 1.  
Of pectorals. Chap. 2.  
Of Cordials. Chap. 3.  
Of Stomachicalls. Chap. 4.  
Of Hepaticalls. Chap. 5.  
Of Splenicals. Chap. 6.  
Of Renalls and Vessicalls. Chap. 7.  
Of Histericalls. Chap. 8.  
Of Arthriticalls. Chap. 9  
Of Purges. Chap. 10;   
This I intent shall be the order.   

CHAP. I. Of Cephalicks.  

Part I.  

I.  
IN treating of Cephalicks, I must be forced to make some distinction.   

II.  

What the head is.  That is properly called the head, which is between the top of the crown, and the vertebrae of the neck.   

III.  

What Cephalicks are.  Amongst which such as are accommodated to diseases of the brain, are properly called Cephalicks, and shall be the basis of our discourse in this first part. The other take denominations from the parts they are appropriated to: of which more anon.   

iv  
Of Cephalicks some are hot, some cold, whereby they remedy the affects of the brain by a manifest way.   

V  

The brain is temperate.  For the Brain, seeing it is the Seat of Reason, the rise of the Senses, the original of the Nerves, is by its own nature temperate.   

VI  

Its afflictions.  Therefore is it sooner afflicted, than any other part of the body, for if it be but a little too hot, Sense and Reason is suddenly and inordinately moved; if but a little too cold, they languish and are stupefied.   

VII.  
So than it appears that the Brain of Man is most subject to infirmities.   

VIII.  
Besides this is peculiar to the Brain, that it is delighted or offended with smells, sounds, and colours, which the other parts of the body want.   

IX.  
The Womb also doth somewhat partake of this property, for it manifestly flies from stinking things, and embraceth sweet, but of this more in its proper place.   

X.  

Smells, Music, Sights, are cephalical.  Those things therefore may be accounted Cephalicks, which refresh the brain by sweet scents, pleasing harmony, or delightful sights.   

XI.  
And yet Physicians account only smells of these to be cephalical, I suppose because they affect the Brain by a more inbred quality, the other two are objects more properly of the judgement, viz. by Harmony and Aspect.   

XII.  
(Hence it is clear that the sense of Smelling is more terrene than that either of Seeing or Hearing.)   

XIII.  
Or it may be, because they think Music or pleasant Sights are not Medicines, but the vulgar proverb might have taught them otherwise.  Musica mentis Medicina maestae. 
Music was held of old, a Physic kind, For a dejected Melancholy mind.   

XIV.  

How Cephalicks may be known  Also Cephalicks may be known from the effects of the Brain themselves.   

XV.  
Therefore because the Brain is usually offended with Phlegm, therefore those things may be accounted Cephalicks, which (besides a 
* Astrology may reveal this hidden mystery.  hidden faculty whereby they strengthen the Brain) warm, cleanse, cut and dry.   

XVI.  
Besides, if you consider the situation of the Brain, viz. in the superior part of all the body. you may conceive it very apt to receive hot vapours.   

XVII.  
These afflict men with Watch and Headache, these must be restrained by cooling Cephalicks.   

XVIII.  
Only I would have this general maxim observed, that Opiates and other soporiferous medicines, universally do the Brain more harm than good.   

XIX.  
Such Medicines as purge the Head I shall omit to treat of here, even until I come to the last Chapter, which treats of purges.   

XX.  
Besides such Medicines as dry, heat, cool, or purge the head, there are certain other Medicines familiar to the Brain, which may be called proper helps, the former being but accidental.   

XXI.  
These work (say Physicians) by a hidden quality, and no reason can be given for their operation.   

XXII.  
These by a peculiar instinct, or providence defend the Brain against particular diseases, one against one disease, another, against another, by a certain harmony with the Brain, and by a certain Antipathy they have against those diseases, they fortify and defend the Brain against them.   

XXIII.  

The ignorance of Physicians.  You see hence what Ignorant Physicians, those of our times are, who being ignorant of Astrology, cannot give a reason of the Physic they prescribe, a Parrot may be taught to be as learned in prescriptions.   

XXIV.  
I trust I shall shortly have ready a treatise called Cephalica Simplicia, which will furnish you with Simples appropriated to every disease in the head, and give you the reasons of them too.   

XXV.  

The time of using.  Seeing then the operations of Cephalicks are divers, the time of using them cannot be one and the same.   

XXVI.  
If the Brain be afflicted, it cannot be strengthened, except it be first purged.   

XXVII.  
If it be purged, it must be purged with Cephalicks.   

XXVIII.  
Neither can it be purged with Cephalicks, before the whole body be evacuated, for otherwise wife it will soon be filled with vapours.   

XXIX.  
Cool Cephalicks, (they say) are dangerous near the Crisis.   

XXX.  
Lastly, the manner of using Cephalicks is various according to the variety of the disease, the time of its standing, its symptoms, and the season of the year.    

Part II.  

XXXI.  
Under the name of the Head, as I told you before, are the external parts contained, viz. the eyes, ears, nose, etc. these shall occupy the second part of this Chapter.   

XXXII.  

Of the Eyes.  Of the external senses, the Sight is the chief, the Organs of which are the Eyes.   

XXXIII.  
Medicines appropriated to the eyes are of two sorts, such as are appropriated to the visive spirit, and such as are appropriated to the Eyes themselves.   

XXXIV.  
There aught to be that constitution of the spirits, that they may not be too thick nor too thin.   

XXXV.  
For many times it happens that the subtleties of the spirits dulls the sight.   

XXXVI.  
The best Medicines for the eyes perform their office (as Physicians say) by a hidden quality.   

XXXVII.  
Usually things are said to help, that have affinity with the thing helped, yet such strange things are in the Universal providence, that they may even seem miraculous: I will instance in one.   

XXXVIII.  
A Goat's Liver applied to the Eyes, makes a man see very well in the night, and the reason is, because Goats see as well by night as by day.   

XXXIX.  
But what affinity is between these two? seeing they having neither the same substance, nor the same temperature? viz. The Goat's Liver with the Eyes. This then is strange.   

XL.  
It is most certain, and Wicker confesseth it, that Man hath learned many things of the Beasts, which the acuteness of his reason could never reach to, nor experience teach him.   

XLI.  
To quote what Simples are appropriated to the Eyes is not my scope here, but to show how to use them.   

XLII.  
As for the constitution of the Eyes, seeing they are most exact in sense, so they will not lightly bear the least inconvenience, therefore every thing is not proper for the Eyes, which sharpens the sight by attenuating.   

XLIII.  
But even in external things you must have a special care, that they be not too hot, nor too sharp, nor hurt by hardness, biting nor viscosity.   

XLIV.  
Oil in itself is offensive to the Eyes, and ointments because they have Oil in them.   

XLV.  
The roughness of the powders, every one knows offends.   

XLVI.  
Yet this must be taken in by the way, that it is one thing to strengthen the Eyes, and another thing to take away the matter that offends them.   

XLVII.  

Nose and Mouth.  Also to the Nose and Mouth, have a care you apply not stinking things to diseases of the Nose, or things of ingrateful taste to those of the Mouth.   

XLVIII.  
Things ingrateful in taste, spoil not only the palate, but subvert the Stomach, seeing the tunicle of the mouth and Stomach is the same. Things ingrateful to the Nose, hurt the brain as much.   

XLIX.  
But seeing Mouth and Nose are the ways to purge the brain, I shall let them alone till I am to speak of purging.   

L.  

The Ears.  The ears, because they are always open, are most subject to be infested with cold.   

LI.  
And because they are very dry in substance, they require Medicines which vehemently dry.   

LII.  

The Teeth.  Cold and vehement heat are inimical to the Teeth, but they are soon hurt with sharp, sour and austere things.   

LIII.  
The reason is, because they are neither covered with flesh nor skin, by which they might be defended from such injuries.   

LIV.  
Things cleansing and binding are helpful to the Teeth, because every light occasion pesters them with Defluxions, and for this reason the use of sweet and fat things rot them.     

CHAP. II. Of pectorals.  

I.  
MEdicines appropriated to the Breast and Lungs are not of one and the same kind, for some regard the parts themselves afflicted, others the matter afflicting.   

II.  
For instance, sometimes the Lungs are ulcerated, and then we use such things as are glutenative and binding, yet are binding things naturally most adverse to the Breast and Lungs, both because they hinder respiration, and because they hinder the breast from cleansing itself.   

III.  
The Breast requires naturally Lenitives, both for the freer breathing, and removing those things which stick to it.   

iv  
The Lungs are very obnoxious to distillations from the head, therefore those especially are called pectorals which cause easy spitting.   

V  
But the manner of provoking spitting, is not always one and the same.   

VI  
Sometimes the matter is so thin, that it slips away and cannot be expelled by the motion of the Breast. Sometimes so thick, that it cannot be cast out by the straight arteries of the Lungs.   

VII.  
These than are Genuine principles, to make thick what is thin, and cut what is thick, that so they may the more easily be spit out.   

VIII.  
Of thickening Pectorals, some are milder, which are appropriated to humours both hot and cold, others more vehement cold, to bridle the fastness, or the acrimony of the humour.   

IX.  
Amongst pectorals, it were worth the while to speak a word or two of things appropriated to Phthisicks.   

X.  
There are three things requisite to such a Cure.  

1. To cut and bring away the concreted blood.  
2. To cherish and strengthen the Lungs.  
3. To conglutinate the wound.    

XI.  
And this is one reason that makes Phthisicks so difficult to cure, because so much the more any thing cutteth and cleanseth, so much the more it hinders conglutination.   

XII.  
Therefore special regard must be had of the time, that the cleansing things be given at beginning, and glutinative at the latter end.   

XIII.  
Thus you see what things are accidentally pectoral, viz. such as are Emollient, or cut tough viscous phlegm, or make thick thin defluctions, or qualify sharp humours, or ease the roughness of the Artery.   

XIV.  
Such are Natural pectorals, whose Genuine property is to strengthen the Breast and Lungs.    

CHAP. III. Of Cordials.  

I.  
AS the brain is the seat of the Senses, so is the heart of the Affections, it is also the fountain of Life, and the original of Heat.   

II.  
Its properties are two.  

1. To give Life to the Body by its heat.  
2. To give vigour to the Will by its affections.    

III.  
Such things as cheer the mind, strengthen the heart itself, or refresh the spirits, are called Cordials.   

iv  
Yet are not all Cordials of one and the same nature, for whereas the heart is variously troubled, either with anger, or love, or fear, or hatred, or sadness, or other affections, it is refreshed either by temperating or taking away the same.   

V  
But although such things as cause Love, or mitigaty Anger, or take away Fear or Sadness, etc. may properly be called Cordials, yet belong they not to my scope at this time, if my secrets in nature will not yet furnish you with them, you may in time have those that may.   

VI  
The truth is, these are afflictions of the Mind, (or that which I hold to be the Soul) and therefore are of a higher nature than this Treatise aims at.   

VII.  
For I hold Man to consist of three parts, a Spirit which goes to God that gave it, a Soul, [〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉] and a Body which is terrene and must return to the Earth from whence it came.   

VIII.  
My scope is here to speak of those things which properly afflict the heart.   

IX.  
The heart is afflicted by too much heat, by poisons, by filthy vapours.   

X.  
Against these the heart is assisted in a threefold manner, viz. by cooling the heat of Fevers, resisting poison, and strengthening the heart by a peculiar property.   

XI.  
Yet whatsoever cools is not Cordial, for Lead is as cool as Pearls, yet is not a Cordial as Pearls are.   

XII.  
Neither whatsoever resists Poison is Cordial, but only such as secure the heart oppressed by it.   

XIII.  
Such things as resist Poison are called Alexiteria and Alexipharmica.   

XIV.  
Neither do they all operate after one and the same manner, for some strengthen the heart against Poison in general, others by a certain Antipathy are opposed to one particular kind of Poison.   

XV.  
Such things as strengthen the heart, do it either by planetary Influence, which Doctors call a hidden way, because it is hidden from such, who instead of viewing the wonders of God in the Creation, are filling their pockets with his Dunghill.   

XVI.  
Or else they do it by similitude of substance.   

XVII.  
Or else by a forcible drawing away of what offends it.   

XVIII.  
And indeed all Cordials may be called by the name of Alexiteria, or Antidotes, or counter poisons, because they strengthen the heart which is the nature of poisons to assault, however it seemed otherwise to Physicians.   

XIX.  
So then as Smells refresh the Animal Spirits, Aromaticalls the Natural: so such things as keep melancholy vapours from the heart, refresh the vital spirit of Man.    

CHAP. IU. Of Stomachicals.  

I.  
MEdicines appropriated to the Ventricle, are called Stomachicalls, although the Stomach be not the Ventricle, but the Orifice of it, or the inferior part of the throat, which you will.   

II.  
The Ventricle is afflicted with three kinds of Maladies.  

1. Appetite lost.  
2. Concoction weakened.  
3. The retentive faculty vitiated.    

III.  

To provoke appetite.  Those things which provoke appetite, are usually of a grateful sharpness.   

iv  
These by the Latins are called Orectica, after the Greek name.   

V  
But although appetite be hindered by divers causes, as the Stomach repleated by Chollar, or putrefied humours, etc. yet those things, which purge these, are not properly called Orecticks, but only such things as by sharpness contract the Stomach, and by a grateful taste delight it.   

VI  
Those things further concoction, 
Concoction.  which either cherish the Ventricle by convenient heat, or Aromatical faculty, or strengthen it by astral propriety.   

VII.  
Of which latter, take this one, the internal skin of the 
* V●z he● G●zz●●d.  Ventricle of a Hen, helpeth concoction exceedingly, nothing like it, and thereby resisteth all diseases proceeding from want of digestion, which are as frequent as Atoms in the Sun.   

VIII.  
The Retentive faculty being vitiated, 
Retention.  causeth belching, vomiting and fluxes.   

IX.  
These are corrected by astringent Medicines, and yet some astringent Medicines are very adverse to the Stomach, therefore use only such as are stomachical.   

X.  

The way of use.  Orecticks ought not be given to a foul Stomach.   

XI.  
Such things as help Concoction the Greeks call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and they ought to be given before meat.   

XII.  
The reasons are,  

1. Because heat is to be stirred up in the inferior, not in the superior part of the Ventricle.  
2. Because the Ventricle ought to be made warm before it receive the food.    

XIII.  
The manner of administration of such things as bind the Ventricle, is to be regulated according to the end of giving them.   

XIV.  
Against vomiting give them after repast, against Fluxes before.   

XV.  
For being given after, they drive the nourishment downwards, and are more subject to cause a Flux than to stop it.    

CHAP. V Of Hepaticals.  

I.  
HEpaticks may be divided into these three divisions:  

1. Such as delight the Liver.  
2. Such as add strength to it.  
3. Such as take away its vices.    

II.  
Taste and Appetite are sent before, and committed to the Tongue and Stomach, for the dignotion of food, by which both the quality and quantity is judged.   

III.  
The Meseraick veins also have their office to draw convenient nourishment.   

iv  
Such things than are delightful to the Liver, which are delightful to these.   

V  
I put all these together, because many times Taste and Appetite affect that which the Meseraik veins dislike, and that's the reason many times men affect those meats which agree not with them.   

VI  
Also the Liver is delighted with some Medicines as well as nourishments.   

VII.  
For all such things as are sweet, the Liver greedily draweth to it.   

VIII.  
Such things as strengthen the Liver do gently bind.   

IX.  
For concoction requires adstriction, to keep together both the heat and the humour to be concocted, lest it be dispersed.   

X.  
Yet the Liver needs not so great adstrictions as the Stomach, because the passages of the Ventricle are more open, and large, but the veins of the Liver, by which it either draws the chyle, or distributes the blood to the rest of the body, therefore the adstriction must not be great, lest it obstruct the Liver, or hinder the distribution of the blood.   

XI.  
Amongst all the rest of the entrails, the Liver is most subject to obstructions.   

XII.  
Therefore such Medicines as hinder Obstructions, or help them being made, are appropriated to the Liver. And they are such, which cut and attenuate without vehement heat, such as have both a cleansing and a binding quality.   

XIII.  
Inflammations commonly follow obstructions, and they require cooling things, yet will not any cool thing serve the turn, but such as are hepatical.   

XIV.  
Take heed in the use of cool things, that you extinguish not the faculty of concoction, or so cool the Diaphragma, which lies very near, that you hinder respiration.    

CHAP. VI Of Splenicalls.  

I.  
THree excrements are especially beheld in the breeding of blood, a watery humour, choler and melancholy.   

II.  
The proper seat of Chollar is the Gall, the watery humour goes to the Reins, the thicker part of the blood the Spleen challengeth to its self.   

III.  
This is either adust by too violent heat, and then it is called Atra Bilis, or thick and terrene of itself, and that is properly called Melancholy.   

iv  
From hence now is the force and nature of Splenicall Medicines found out.   

V  
For Atra Bilis often produceth Madness, and pure Melancholy, 
* hardness.  Scirrhus, and viciates the concoction of the Blood, whence follows Dropsies, and also breeds obstructions.   

VI  
Splenicals therefore are of two sorts, some appropriated to Atra Bilis, some to Melancholy, for of purging I shall write nothing here, but leave that to the last Chapter.   

VII.  
Atra Bilis, is tempered by cooling and moistening, yet is it not so hot that it should need things extremely cold.   

VIII.  
Such are those, which we wrote of amongst the Cordials that cause mirth, by keeping Melancholy vapours from the heart.   

IX.  
Melancholy humour is removed by cutting and opening Medicines, which differ from Hepaticks▪ because they want adstriction, for the Spleen, seeing it wants concoction, needs no adstriction.   

X.  
Moreover the Spleen is not only obstructed by Melancholy humour, but also made hard.   

XI.  
The cure of this is wrought by Emollients, which must not be given inwardly, lest they hinder the concoction of the Ventricle, but applied outwardly.    

CHAP. VII. Of Renalls and Vessicalls.  

I.  
THat the watery humour may be separated from the blood, nature hath added the Reins to the rest of the bowels.   

II.  
Because a Man should do something else besides continually piss, the Bladder was added to contain the Urine.   

III.  
Both of these are easily corrupted by the vices of the Urine.   

iv  
The Urine is stopped by Stones or Inflammations, or gross humours, therefore Medicines appropriated to the Reins and Bladder (which are called Nephritica and Cystica) and to be distinguished into three parts.  

1. Some cool.  
2. Some cut gross humours.  
3. Others break the Stone.    

V  
The constitution of the Reins and Bladder is such, that binding things are extreme dangerous to them, because they stop the Urine.   

VI  
Those Medicines are then proper to the Reins and Bladder, which are lenitive, cut and extenuate without violent heat.   

VII.  
Only take this caution, that seeing the Bladder is farther from the Centre of the body than the Reins, it requires stronger Medicines, lest their strength be consumed before they come at the grieved place.    

CHAP. VIII. Of Hystericalls.  

I.  
TOuching provoking and stopping the terms shall be spoken hereafter in another Treatise.   

II.  
The Womb thus resembles the Brain and Ventricle, that it manifestly draws to Cephalicks, and Aromaticks, and flies from their contraries.   

III.  
For this is confirmed by daily experience, that in the fits of the Mother, which is the Womb turned upwards, stinking things applied to the Nose, and sweet things to the Matrix, reduce it, but sweet things applied to the Nose, and stinking things to the Matrixe produce it.   

iv  
In fall out of the Womb we use the contrary.   

V  
This made some Sots ascribe the sense of smelling to the Womb, whereas indeed and in truth, that such things please the Brain and nervous parts, is not because of their smelling, but because they are friendly to it, by their own substance.   

VI  
The Stomach is offended with stinking things, and a man that hath no smell will vomit them up again, why? because they are obnoxious to it.   

VII.  
So also the Womb is offended with stinking things, not because it smells them, but because they are adverse to its nature.   

VIII.  
For Smells are the judges of Medicines, by which nature teacheth what is fit and convenient for itself.   

IX.  
So then those Medicines are hysterical, which by binding stop the ternes, or by inciding provoke them, (of which more hereafter) or such as are grateful to the Womb, which are known by a sweet or aromatical savour.    

CHAP. IX. Of Arthriticalls.  

I.  
THe Joints are most infested with capital diseases, and therefore cured with Cephalick Medicines.   

II.  
The reason is soon given, which is, because they are of a nervous quality.   

III.  
Those things are appropriated to the Joints, which have a drying and heating quality, with a certain light adstriction.   

iv  
Besides such things as are appropriated to the Joints, by a peculiar appropriation, or astral influence, of which knotgrass is one, and therefore by some called Joynt-wort.   

V  
Yet take notice of this, that because the joints are more remote from the Centre, they require stronger Medicines than the brain doth.   

VI  
As to what belongeth to pains in the joints, this is the manner of proceeding.   

VII.  
Pain is either taken away, or assuaged, but its true cure is by taking away what causeth it.   

VIII.  
Yet sometimes so great is its fury, that we must give anodynes before we can meddle with the cause and that especially when it causeth heat, influxion of blood or inflammation.   

IX.  
Besides, the Medicines, which take away the cause of pain, are very hot, and therefore to be forborn in such cases.   

X.  
Also the manner of easing pains, is twofold, for if you regard the pain itself, use anodynes, if the heat, use refrigeratives.   

XI.  
Also take notice of thus much, that phlegm compacted in the joints, when it is teazed a little, causeth pain and influxion.   

XII.  
Such Medicines as take away the cause of such pain, are strong cutters and drawers, which neither agree with Choler nor blood.   

XIII.  
When you perceive that there is attraction and discussion enough made, so that the pain is ceased, and the cause of it taken away, use adstrictions to strengthen the joints, that they may not easy recite more deflexions.    

CHAP. X. Of Purges.  
THis last Chapter I shall divide into these parts,  

Of purging Med cines. 1.  
Of their Election. 2.  
Correction 3.  
Of the time of purging. 4.  
Manner of purging. 5.   

Part I. Of Purging Medicines.  

I.  
Physicians (for want of other things to trouble their heads) make a great business whether Purges work by a hidden or manifest quality, whereas the Heavens teach me a better lesson.   

II.  
These two questions are to be answered, 

1. What humour is to be evacuated.  
2. What medicine to do it by.     

III.  
For as the same peccant humour, is not in all, so neither doth the same medicine agree with all.   

iv  
Then you must consider by what way to bring it forth, for all humours are not brought forth by one and the same way; for some are brought out by lenitive, some by cleansing, some by sweeting, of which more in another treatise.   

V  
Our scope is here to speak of such as draw and cast out humours from the remote parts of the body.   

VI  
The Ancients thought all Purges to be hot, but the Moderns have found out by experience that some are cold.   

VII.  
But this is certain, all Purges have a certain pravity in them, which is inimical to the Ventricle and Bowels, and this conduceth much to their purging property, for it makes nature hasten expulsion.   

VIII.  
But what should be the reason of their attractive quality Physicians know not, and then they run into the old Bush, They do it by a hidden property, The Sots being not able to see that every like draws its like.   

IX.  
The differences of Purges are various, for some are addicted to Phlegm, some to Choler, others to Melancholy, and some to watrey humours, and they are all of the same natures with those humours they purge.   

X.  
Some purge gently, some violently, because some are more inimical to nature than others.    

Part II. Of the choice of Purges.  

I.  
The skill of a Physician is to appropriate the purging medicine to the humour offending.   

II.  
Above all things in purges, have a care of trying acquaint experiences; it had once almost cost me my life in doing it upon mine own body.   

III.  
The humours to be purged I told you were Phlegm, Water, Choler, and Melancholy.   

iv  
Such Medicines as are cutting, are convenient for thick and gross humours, as Phlegm and Melancholy, but Lenitive will serve for Choler and Water, because they are fluent and fit to be purged out.   

V  
Therefore such things as purge Choler, add cutting things to them, and they purge Melancholy, such as purge Phlegm, take away the cutting things, and they purge water.   

VI  
There are besides, things which properly purge Water, called Hydragoga, which violently call Water from remote places, being of an exceeding hot penetrating quality, and dangerous, if not regulated by an able brain.   

VII.  
Medicines of a binding quality, are deadly enemies to phlegm and melancholy, because they congeal the gross humours; but very apt for choler and putrified phlegm, for they often cause fluxes.   

VIII.  
Also the colour will in part show the operation of the Medicine, as Yellow purgeth Choler, black Melancholy, white Phlegm: Whitness Rhubarb, black Hellebore, and Agarick.   

IX.  
And whereas some medicines work violently, others gently, if the humours be tough and remote, use such as are violent, else not.   

X.  
Yet such as work with too much speed, are fit neither for viscous or remote humours.   

XI.  
Lastly, some purges work by Stool, others by Vomit.   

XII.  
Vomits are appropriated to crudities in the Stomach, yet they weaken the Stomach, Breast and Lungs, and spoil the Eyes.    

Part III. Of the Correction of Purges.  

I.  
MAny things in Purges want correction, some of them are known before the Purges given, and some after.   

II.  
All Purges almost are inimical to nature, correct that with such things as strengthen the Stomach and heart.   

III.  
Lenitive purges breed wind, correct them with such things as expel wind.   

iv  
Yea even Purges, which are not windy of, themselves, yet by their heat they stir up the wind that is in the body (of which number Sennar is one) therefore correct them.   

V  
Such as by their sharpness corrode the Bowels, correct them, not with astringents, but such things as lenify and make thick, or with Gum Tracacanth is notable.   

VI  
For astringent things detain them long in the body, and doth mischief that way.   

VII.  
The vices of purges is known afterwards by their working too fast, or too slowly.   

VIII.  
If hot broths will not perform the latter, a Clyster will.   

IX.  
The former is done by such things as bind and strengthen.    

Part. I. Of the Time of Purging.  

I.  
IF the humour be tough and viscous, prepare them first by cutting Syrups.   

II.  
Yet do this with wisdom too, lest the peccant humour be thrust into the veins, and procure a Fever.   

III.  
If the Purge be strong, empty the Bowels first with a Clyster.   

iv  
Let the Purge be given two or three hours before meat, neither let any sweet thing be given after it, lest it convert it into aliment.    

Part V Of the manner of Purging.  

I.  
MEdicines made up in a dry form, are best to purge remote places of the body, and the reason is, because they stay longest in the body.   

II.  
For the contraries give liquids, whether you boil them or not, it matters not. That must be drawn from the matter purging, for the infusion of some things is better than the decoction, as Rhubarb, and Polypodium ●s contrary.   

III.  
If the matter be tough and tenacious, you cannot purge it away at once, but must do it by degrees, judge the like, if it lie in remote places, for if you go about to do it at once, you will sooner consume the natural strength, than the peccant humour.   

iv  
And this is the reason melancholy diseases cannot speedily be removed.   

V  
The dose of purging Medicines cannot be determined, for they are various both in respect of their own nature, the nature of the Disease, the strength of the Diseases, the part afflicted, the humour afflicting, the age, and strength, and sex of the patiented, the season of the year, etc.   

VI  
Some things help nature to evacuate by their sweetness or fair language, as Prunes, Sevesten, Tamarinds, Cassia, Manna.  
Others carry away ill humours, by sympathy with them, as Agarick, Aloes, Myrobalans.  
Others fiercely force them out by their Acrimony, Nature being willing to part with the worst first. As Scamony, Colocynthis, Elaterium, Euphorbium, etc.     

Select Medicinal APHORISMS, For most Diseases our frail Natures are incident to whilst we are upon Earth.  
COLLECTED BY NICH: CULPEPER, Gent. Student in PHYSIC.  
LONDON, Printed by J. G. for Nath: Brooke, at the Angel in Cornhill. 1655.   

CHAP. I. Medicimes for the Head, and its Diseases.  

1. A general Caution.  
LEt such as love their Heads or Brains either forbear such things as are obnoxious to the Brain, as Garlic, Leeks, Onions; beware of surfeiting and drunkenness.   

2. To purge the Head.  
The Head is purged by Gargarisms, of which Mustard in my opinion is excellent, and therefore a spoonful of Mustard put into the mouth is excellent for one that is troubled with the Lethargy, also the head is purged by sneezing, but be sure, if you would keep your brain clear, keep your stomach clean.   

3. Another.  
Take the juice of Primrose leaves, mix it with a little milk, and get one to blow it up thy nostrils with a quill, and it will most admirably purge the head.   

4. For a Rheum in the Head and the Palsy.  
Take a red Onion, and bruise it well, and boil it in a little Verjuice, and put thereto a little clarified Honey, and a great spoonful of good Mustard, when it is well boiled, raise the sick upright, and let him receive the smell up his nose twice a day, whilst it is very hot.   

5. For a Rheum in the Head.  
Boil Pimpernell well in Wine, and drink a draught of the Wine in the evening hot, but in the morning cold.   

6. Another.  
Stew Onions in a close pot, and bathe thy Head, and Mouth, and Nose therewith.   

7. For the falling off of the hair.  
Beat Linseeds very well, and mix them with Salad Oil, and when you have well mixed them, anoint the head therewith, and in three or four times using it will help you.   

8. To purge the Head.  
Take some Pellitory of Spain, beat it into powder, and mix it with a little Stavesagre in powder, then drink a draught of Malmsey, or Muskadel, if you can get no Malmsey, and when you have so done, put a spoonful of this powder into the mouth, rolling it up and down (but swallow it not) till your mouth be hot and full of Phlegm, then spit it all out, and kneeling down with your head inclined gape as wide as you can, and the phlegm will avoid from all the parts of your head.   

9 For the falling off of the Hair by reason of a scald head.  
Warm a little oil of Tartar (that which is made by deliquium) and rub your head with it, or that part of it which is scabby, and in eight or nine days the hair will come again.   

10. For headache, especially that which comes by drunkenness.  
Mix the juice of Ivie-leaves with Oil and Vinegar, and often rub your Temples, and Nostrils therewith.   

11. For Vertigo, or Dissinesse.  
Make Tents of Linen cloth, and dip them in Cinnamon water, and put them up into thy nostrils, and they will instantly give thee help to admiration.   

12. To purge the Head.  
Chew the root of Pellitory of Spain, and chew it on both sides of thy mouth, and as the rheum falls down into thy mouth, spit it out, but retain the root there still, till you think the Head is purged enough for that time.    

CHAP. II. For the Eyes and their impediments.  

1. Prooemium.  
SUch things as offend the Head, usually offend the Eyes, as Garlic, Onions, etc.  
Such things as purge the Head, usually purge the Eyes, as Gargarisms before mentioned, and Sneezing. Have a care of catching cold after Sneezing.   

2. For Eyes that are bloodshot.  
Beat the whites of newlaid eggs very well, and moisten a little fine Flax with it, and apply it to the eye being close shut, at night going to bed, in the morning take it off, and wear a green cloth before thy Eye all day, the next night renew it, and in three nights it will cure.   

3. For Eyes that are blasted.  
Only wear a piece of black Sarsenet before thy eye, and meddle with no medicine, only forbear wine, and strong drink.   

4. An excellent water to clear the sight!  
Take of Fennell, Eyebright, Roses white, Chelondine, Vervain, and Rue, of each a handful, the Liver of a he Goat chopped small (I suppose the Liver of a she Goat were better for Women) infuse them well in Eyebright water, then distil them in an Alembick and you shall have a water will clear the sight beyond comparison.   

5. Another.  
Take green Walnuts, husks and all before they have shells, as also a few Walnut leaves: distil them cold, and drop the water into your eyes.   

6. For a hurt in the Eye with a stroke.  
Take Agrimony, and bruise it very well, and temper it with white Wine, and the white of an Egg, spread it pretty thick upon a cloth, like a Plaster, and apply it to the out side of the Eyelid, and although it be almost out, it will cure it.   

7. To preserve a man's sight a long time.  
Eat one branch of Rue, and another of Eye-bright every morning, with a Fig or two. This do three mornings every week.   

8. To draw Rheum back from the eyes.  
Take an Egg and roast it hard, then pull off the Shell and slit it in two, and apply it hot to the nape of the neck, and thou shalt find ease presently.   

9 A Medicine not only for sore eyes, but also for the Megrim.  
Take the white of a new laid Egg, a spoonful of the best Ginger in powder, a spoonful of strong white wine Vinegar, and a spoonful of white Rose-water, if for the Eyes of red Rose-water, if for the Megrim, beat them all together, and having made two Plasters of Flax, for each Temple one, dip them in this Medicine, and bind them to the Temples with a cloth; this in three or four nights hath brought sight to such as have been blind eight weeks, if your Eyes be gummed up in the morning, as it is like they will, wash them with a little white Rose, or Eye-bright water.   

10. For such as have a skin growing before their Eyes.  
Take a Saucer full of white Rose-water, and as much Myrrh as a Nut, beaten into fine powder, bind up the Myrrh in a fine Linen cloth, and let it lie in the Rose-water twelve hours, by which time your Rose-water will begin to look red, drop this water into the Eye, and it will cure it to admiration.   

11. For the Web in the Eye.  
Take the Gall of a Hare, and clarified Honey, of each equal proportions, mix them together, and lay it to the Web.   

12. For such as have lost their Sight by reason of the small Pox.  
Take Pimpernell, stamp it and strain it, and put the juice of it into the Eye with a Feather morning and evening.  
The same is an excellent remedy for a Pin and web and a pearl: and indeed in general, Pimpernell is a gallant remedy for the eyes.   

13. For a Pin and Web.  
Take Ivie-leaves that grow upon an Ash-tree, wipe them clean, stamp them and strain them, having added a little woman's milk to them: If it be a man that hath the sore eye, (saith mine Author) let it be the milk of a woman that bore a girl; if a woman, the milk of a woman that bore a boy. I can find no reason for this, but shall deliver my own opinion, and my reason for it: If it be the left eye of a man, or the right eye of a woman, let it be the milk of a woman that bore a girl, because those eyes are under the Moon; If it be the right eye of a man, or the left of a woman, let it be the milk of a woman that bore a boy, because those eyes are under the Sun. But to proceed. The sorer the eye is, the more juice you must take. Drop this into the diseased eye with a Feather four times in a day.   

14. For sore eyes proceeding of heat.  
Take the juice of Housleek, woman's milk, Rosewater, and the white of an Egg well beaten, mix all these together, and dip Flax in it, and lay it to your eyes, when you go to bed, binding it on, it is a most excellent remedy.   

15. For Eyes that are swelled.  
Take two spoonfuls of Woman's milk, one spoonful of Rosewater, the Pap of a roasted Apple, and the Yolk of a new said Egg, boil all these in a Pewter vessel over a Chase dish of coals till it be thick, then spread it upon a cloth, and lay it to your Eyes luke warm, when you go to bed, in the morning wash your Eyes with woman's Milk, and in twice or thrice it will cure you.    

CHAP. III. For the Ears and their impediments.  

1. For Deafness, with noise in the Eare.  
TAke a little black Wool, and dip it in strong spirit of Wine, wring it pretty hard out, and stop you Ears with it, dip it and wring it out again, once in a day.   

2. For pain in the Ears.  
Drop a little Oil of sweet Almonds into the Ear, and it easeth the pain instantly, (and yet Oil of bitter Almonds is our Doctors common remedy.)   

3. For an Imposthume in the Eare.  
Boyl some milk, and put it into a stone Pot, with a narrow mouth, and hold the sore ear over the Pot, whilst the Milk is very hot, that the vapour of the Milk may ascend into the Ear, this is an often approved remedy, to take away the pain and break the Imposthume.   

4. To take an Earwig out of the Eare.  
Take an old Apple, and cut it in two pieces, and lay one piece to the Ear, and lie down upon that side, and the Earwig will come out to the Apple, it seems they love Apples better than Ears, 'tis a wonder they are not called Applewigs.  
Another was cured by the first remedy mentioned in this Chapter.    

CHAP. IU. For the Nose and its Infirmities.  

1. For Polypus, or a fleshy substance growing in the Nose.  
TAke the juice of Ivy, and make a Tent with a little Cotten, the which dip in the juice, and put it up in the Nostril.   

2. For bleeding at Nose.  
Let them that bleed at Nose smell to a Hogs Turd.   

3. Another for the same.  
If it be a Man that bleeds, wrap a cloth moistened in strong white wine Vinegar about his privities, if it be a Woman wrap it about her breasts.   

4. To cleanse the Nose.  
Snuffe up the juice of red Beet-roots, it will cleanse not only the Nose, but also the Head, this is a singular remedy for such as are troubled with a hard congealed stuff in their Nostrils.   

5. For bleeding at the Nose.  
Put a piece of hot Hoggs-turd as it comes from the Hog up the Nose.   

6. Another.  
Bind the Arms and Legs as hard as you can, with a piece of Tape ribbening, that perhaps may call back the blood.   

7. Another.  
Hold a living Toad near the Nose, it stops the blood instantly, because the blood flies from its enemy.   

8. Another.  
They say Smallage born about one, stops bleeding, both by the nose and by wounds.   

9 For a Canker in the Nose.  
Boyl strong Ale till it be thick, if the Canker be in the outside of the Nose, spread it as a plaster and apply it, if in the inside, make a Tent of a Linen Rag, and put it up the nostril.   

10. Another for the Polypus.  
The water of Adder's tongue snuffed up the Nose is very good, but it were better in my opinion to keep a Rag continually moistened with it in the Nose.   

11. For an Impost hume in the Nose.  
Keep a Rag continually in your Nose moistened with the water of yellow flower-de-luce, such as grow by River sides, the juice of Carduus Benedictus will do the like.   

12. For bleeding at the Nose.  
Take Amber and bruise into gross powder, put it upon a Chase dish of coals, and receive the smoke up into the Nose with a Funnel.   

13. Another.  
A certain man that had bled four and twenty hours was thus cured, he took a scaine of black thread, and put one end of it in his nostril, and set fire to the other end, and so soon as the smoke came to his nosttill, the blood presently stopped.   

14. Another.  
When no other means will stop the bleeding at the Nose, it hath been known that it hath been stopped by opening a vein in the ear.    

CHAP. V Of the Mouth and its Diseases.  

1. A Caution.  
WHosoever would keep their Mouth, or Tongue, or Nose, or Eyes, or Ears, or Teeth, from pain or infirmities, let them often use sneezing, and such Gargarisms as they were instructed in, in the first Chapter; for indeed most of the infirmities, if not all, which infested those parts, proceed from Rheum.   

2. For spitting Blood.  
Drink a spoonful of juice of Betony, mixed with Milk, every morning. My Author says it must be Goat's milk, but I know not his reason.   

3. For a stinking breath.  
Take the juice of Rue, and black Mints, (I think he means Horse-mints) and snuff it up the Nostrils.   

4. To recover lost speech.  
Take the juice of Sage and Primroses, and hold it in the mouth, and it will cause thee to speak presently.   

5. For extreme heat of the mouth.  
Take Rib-wort, and boil it in red Wine, and hold the decoction as warm in your mouth as you can endure it.   

6. For a Canker in the mouth.  
Wash the mouth often with Verjuice.   

7. Another.  
Wash the mouth with water of Perwinkle or Lavender, or Fumitory, or Burnet, but in my opinion the decoction of either is better.   

8. Another.  
If the Canker be very inveterate, and eating, take old rusty Bacon and Vine roots, of each an ounce, of Wheat bran a handful, of Brine wherein Flesh hath been salted, two or three pints, boil them together, and when you take them off from the fire, receive the steem up into your mouth with the Funnel, afterwards wash your mouth with any of the foregoing waters.   

9 Of the falling down of the Pallat.  
There is a mad fantastical opinion to this day in the brains of the Vulgar, that there is such a thing in the Mouth which they call the , which will fall down and be put up again, especially by an old woman, which hath no more Teeth in her head than Eyes, and all of them naught, whereas indeed the truth is, the Uuula, is a spongy piece of flesh in the mouth, and therefore very subject to receive either Inflammations or Humours, which any hot thing dissipates from thence came the fashion of putting it up again with Pepper and Honey.   

10. Another.  
I add this only for the conceits sake, it may be true enough, though I can give no reason for it: it is this. Take a handful of Featherfew, rub it well between your hands, and lay it to the top of your head, and it will draw the Uuula up.    

CHAP. VI Of the Teeth and their Medicines.  

1. A Caution.  
IF you will keep your Teeth from rotting, or aching, wash your mouth continually every morning with juice of Lemons, and afterwards rub your Teeth either with a Sage leaf, or else with a little Nutmeg in powder, also wash your mouth with a little fair water after meats, for the only way to keep the Teeth sound and free from pain, is to keep them clear.   

2. To make Teeth white.  
Dip a little piece of white cloth in Vinegar of Quinces, and rub your Gums with it, for it is of a gallant binding quality, and not only makes the Teeth white, but also strengthens the Gums, fastens the Teeth, and also causeth a sweet breath.   

3. For the Tooth ache.  
Boil Wheat bran, stolen Ale together, till it be as thick as Mustard, let it stand while it is cold, than strain what you can out of it, and add to what you have strained, the like quantity of juice of Rew, make it into paste, which paste tie up into a little bag of fine Linen cloth, lay one of them between your Cheek and your aching Tooth, lie down on that side, and let the water run out at your mouth, this using three or four times, will not only cure the , but also cleanse the brain.   

4. Another.  
Take Hounds-tongue, and stamp it, and fry it with Butter, and make a Plaster of it, and bind it to the Cheek on that side the pain is on.   

5. Another.  
Take a pint of the strongest White-wine Vinegar you can get, a handful of Sage, a quarter of a handful of roots of red Nettles, and as much Oaken rind: boil all these together, and wash your mouth with it.   

6. To make teeth fall out of themselves.  
Take the root of a Mulberry-tree, lay it in steep in strong Vinegar, then take it out and dry it in the Sun, beat it into powder: do but touch a tooth with that powder, and it will drop out.   

7. For rotting of the teeth.  
Wash thy mouth often with the water of Mother-wort, the water of vervain will do the like.   

8. For the .  
Take Ivy-berries, and bruise them, and when you have done so, boil them in strong White-wine Vinegar: wash your mouth with the decoction, and lay the Ivy-berries hot to your cheek.   

9 Another.  
Roast an egg hard, and when you have done, put to it a spoonful of Salt, and two spoonfuls of White-wine Vinegar: beat them all together to a pap very well, and now and then put a little into your mouth.   

10. To make children's teeth cut.  
Take the brains of a Hare, or the brains of a Hen, and rub the child's Gums with them once or twice a day, and it will make the Teeth cut without pain.   

11. Another.  
Take the Tooth of a Colt of a year old, and hang it about the neck of the child, and this will do it, if Mizaldus say true. And now give me leave to quote an experiment of my own, one of my children breeding Teeth extreme hardly, having read this in Mizaldus, it seemed to me impossible to get a Colt's tooth, (of a year old) wherefore I bought a Calf's head, and took one of its teeth, and hung about its neck, and the very first night three of its Teeth cut, which because its very unusual so many Teeth should cut in one night, I cannot but ascribe some virtue to the Medicine. Besides all this, I am of opinion, that the tooth of a dead man hung about the neck of a child, will do it far better than either; I am not determined to give my reasons at this time, yet will I give you a verisimile for it, the Tooth of a dead Man born about a man, instantly suppresseth the pains of the Teeth, as I have often found myself, when all other remedies have failed me, and if this be true, why not the other?   

12 To fasten Teeth.  
Seethe the Roots of vervain in old Wine, and wash your Teeth often with them; and it will fasten them.   

13. For the Tooth ache.  
Take the inner rind of an Elder tree, and bruise it, and put thereunto a little Pepper, and make it into balls, and hold them between the Teeth that ache.    

CHAP. VII. Of the Gums and their Infirmities.  

1. For a Scurvy in the Gums.  
TAke Cloves and boil them in Rosewater, then dry them and beat them into powder, and rub the Gums with the powder, and drink the decoction in the morning fasting, an hour after it. Use Red-rose water, for that is the best.   

2. For a Canker in the Gums.  
Take half a pint of White wine, a quarter of a pint of water, an ounce of  Alum, a handful of Cinkfoyle roots bruised, boil all these in an Earthen pot (for the sharpness of Alum will make vert-de-greese of a Brass vessel) over a gentle fire till half be consumed, scum it well, strain it and keep it in a glass till you have occasion to use it, and when you have occasion, wash your Gums with it.   

3. Another.  
Take herb of Grass, or Rew, which you will; stamp it and press out the juice, and mix it with as much strong Vinegar, (the best way is to put the Vinegar to it, after you have well beaten it) and so strain them out hard both together, when you have occasion to use it, wet a Linen rag four or five times doubled in the aforesaid juice, and apply it to the Gums, if the Canker be very great and eating, mix a little  Alum with it.   

4. For rotting and consuming of the Gums.  
Take Sage water, and wash your mouth with it every morning, and afterwards rub your mouth with a Sage leaf.    

CHAP. VIII. Of the Face and its infirmities.  

1. The Cause.  
IT is palpable, that the cause of redness, and breaking out of the Face, is a venomous matter, or filthy vapour ascending from the Stomach towards the Head, where meeting with a Rheum or Phlegm thence descending, mixeth with it, and breaketh out in the Face. Therefore let the first intention of cure be to cleanse the Stomach.   

2. Caution Negative.  
Let such as are troubled with red Faces, abstain from salt Meats, salt Fish and Herrings, drinking of strong Beer, strong Waters or Wine, Garlick, Onions and Mustard, yea, if it be a Welsh Man, or Woman, he must abstain from toasted Cheese, and Leeks, and that is a Hell upon Earth to them.   

3. Caution Affirmative.  
Let them use in their broths and stewed meats Purslane, Sorrell, wood-sorrel, Lettuce, Asparagus tops and roots, the tender tops of Hops, Endive and Succory, let them always keep their bodies laxative, and sleep with their heads high.   

4. For a red Face.  
Take Sowthistles, borage, Sorrell, Purslane, French Barley, Parsly roots and Liquorish, boil them together in running water, and drink a draught of the decoction, first in the morning, and last at night.   

5. To make the Face fair.  
Boyl Rosumary flowers in White wine, and drink a draught of the decoction every morning, and wash your face with another part of it, yet in my opinion it were a better way by fare, to take a pound of Rosemary flours, and put them into a rundlet, to a Gallon of white-Wine, shake them together, and let them stand so a Month, then strain it out, and keep the Wine for the aforesaid use.   

6. Another.  
Wash your Face with Bean flower water, yet in my opinion, Burnet water is the best, though my Author hold the contrary.   

7. For a white Scurf in the Face.  
Take a pint of Vinegar, in which dissolve an ounce of Camphir, let them stand together close stopped 14. days (saith my Author) but it is very probable half the time will serve the turn, then wash your face with it every morning, this hath helped a▪ Gentlewoman that had a Scurf in her Face divers years, as though she had been a Leper.   

8. For Freckles in the Face.  
Anoint thy Face at night going to bed, with the blood of a Hare, or of a Bull, the next morning wash it off again, and this, though it make one look more like a Fury than a Man, it will cure him.   

9 Another.  
Stamp Sellendine, press out the juice, and mix it with the like quantity of White wine, and anoint your Face with it, at night when you go to bed.   

10. For a blasted face.  
If it be a Man, take red honey suckles, if a Woman, white honey suckles, press out the juice of them, and anoint your Face with it, at night going to bed, this receipt seeming to me very rational, and is therefore most pleasing, I shall explain what here is meant by Honey suckles, and herein I will Imitate Aristotle so fare, as to tell you  
First, what it is not,  
Secondly, what it is.  
First, it is not those Honey suckles which climb up in Hedges, which the Latins call Caprifolium, and the English, Woodbine, or Honey suckles.  
Secondly, it is that which is commonly called Meadow trefoyle, by Physicians, in Sussex it is commonly called Honey suckles.   

11. For a face full of red Pimples.  
Dissolve Camphir in Vinegar, and mix it, and the Vinegar with Sellendine water, and wash thy face with it, this cured a Maid in twenty days, that had been troubled with the infirmity half so many years.   

12. Another.  
Take Honey suckle leaves, and distil them, and wash your Face with the water (use the same Honey suckles as I told you before) this cured a woman that had her face full of white scales, and it so perfectly cured her, that she was never troubled with them again.   

13. Another.  
Also another woman was troubled with such an infirmity, that if she had been by the fire but a little, and afterwards gone into the Air, her Face would have been as full of red spots, as it could hold, just like a drunken woman's, and she was helped by this following remedy, she took Frankincense, and beat it into powder with Saffron, and cast the powder upon a Chafing dish of Coals, and receive the smoke of it with open mouth, and using of it often was helped.   

14. To take away the marks of the small Pox.  
Take the juice of Fennell, beat it lukewarm, and when the small Pox are well skabbed, anoint the Face with it divers times in a day, three or four days together.   

15. Another.  
But I am confident the best remedy that is, not only to prevent the Scars of the small Pox, but also to cure deep wounds, or Ulcers without a scar, is to anoint the place with Oil of Eggs.   

16. For a red Face.  
Take a handful of Scurvygrasse, and a handful of Tutsan leaves, boil them well in Ale, and strain it, and drink a draught of it every mornining.  
I desire you to be cautious in using this Medicine, in giving of it to young people, for Tutsan leaves consume the seed abundantly, and causeth barrenness.    

CHAP. IX. Of the Throat and its infirmities.  
THe vulgar way in curing Diseases of the Throat, which is yet in use with our pitiful Physicians, is Album-graecum, anglice a Doggs-turd, a very sweet Medicine, no less pleasing than profitable.  

2. A Caution.  
Diseases in the Throat, most commonly proceeds of Rheum, descending from the head, upon the trachaea arteria, or wine pipe, in such causes there is many times no other cure than first to purge the body of Phlegm, and then the head of Rheum, as you were taught in the first Chapter.   

3. For hoarseness.  
Take of Sugar so much as will fill a common taster, than put so much rectified spirit of Wine to it as will just wet it: eat this up at night going to bed, use this three or four times together.   

4. Another.  
If the body be feverish, use the former Medicine as before, only use Oil of sweet Almonds, or for want of it the best salad Oil in stead of spirit of Wine.   

5. Another.  
Take penny royal and seethe it in running water, and drink a good draught of the decoction, at night going to bed, with a little Sugar in it.   

6. For the Quinsy.  
Take notice, that bleeding is good in all inflammations, therefore in this.  
It were very convenient that a syrup, and an ointment of Orpine were always ready in the house for such occasions, for I know no better remedy for the Quinsy than to drink the one, and anoint the throat with the other, but be sure you do not drink the ointment, and anoint your throat with the syrup.    

CHAP. X. Of the Breast and Lungs and their infirmities.  

1. For a Cough in a young child.  
RUb his Stomach well when he goes to bed with Oil of Roses, and then lay a warm cloth to it, and in three or four nights so using, he will be cured.   

2. For weakness of the Lungs.  
Beat the Lungs of a Fox into powder, and take a drachm of the powder every night, in Rosewater, or if you will, you may take it in the morning.  
If any ask the reason why Electuary of Fox-Lungs is not better, tell them that many compositions consist of so great variety of simples, that the one of them spoils the operation of the other.   

3. For inflammation of the Lungs.  
Dissolve Sugar-candy in Rose-water, and drink no other drink.   

4. Another.  
Also it is very good to anoint the breast often with Oil of Violets, or Oil of Water-lilies.   

5. For stops of the Breast.  
Take the Gum of a Cherry tree, and dissolve it in old Wine, and let the sick drink thereof, and it will open his pipes gallantly, better than a sledge and wedges.   

6. Another.  
Take Figgs and slit them, and fill them full of Mustard, then boil them in White wine, eat the Figgs and drink the Wine.    

CHAP. XI. Of women's Breasts, their infirmities and cures.  

1. For sore Breasts that are broken.  
TAke Wheat flower, Yolks of Eggs, and the juice of Plantain, mix it together, till it be thick like an Ointment, spread it upon a cloth, and apply it to the sore breast, if there be any holes in the Breast, dip a Tent in this ointment, and tent them with it, and lay a Plaster of the same over it.   

2. For sore Breasts.  
Take a handful of Figgs, and stamp them well till the kernels are broken, then temper them with a little fresh grease, and apply them to the Breast as hot as the Patient can endure, it will presently take away the anguish, and if the Breast will break, it will break it, else it will cure it, without breaking.   

3. An inward medicine for a sore Breast.  
Let her drink either the juice or decoction of vervain, it were fit that syrup were made of it to be kept all the year.   

4. For want of milk.  
Use the former medicine, it will help that also.   

5. For hardness of the Breasts.  
It is usual to Nurses, when they have newly weaned their children, to have their Breasts grow hard, & the milk to curdle in them, which might easily be prevented by wearing a Dyachilon plaster to them, but suppose it be come already, and cannot be prevented, in such a case take Chick-weed, and chop it small, and boil it in Plantain water, put a little Sheep's suet to it, to make it moist, and apply it for a Poltiss to the Breast.   

6. Another.  
Take Populeon and Linseed Oil, of each a like quantity, mix them together, and warm them well, then dip a cloth in it, and lay it to the Breast, it will not only take away the hardness of the breast, but also dry away the Milk.   

7. For want of Milk.  
Take green Wheat so soon as it gins to change colour, bruise it well, and boil it in Salad Oil, then strain it, and keep the Oil till you have need of it to anoint the Breast.   

8. For sore Breasts.  
Take Claret wine, and boil it with Barley flower, till it be thick like a Poltice, put a little Oil to it, or Sheep's Suet to keep it moist, and apply it to the Breast.   

9 For want of Milk.  
Take Crystal, and beat it into very fine powder, take a drachm of it in the morning, in a draught of Muskadel.   

10. For Inflammations in the Breast.  
This is that infirmity women usually call the Ague in the Breast, take the whites of two Eggs, two handfuls of Housleek or Sengreen, which you will, beat them well together, and lay them Plasterwise to the Breast.   

11. To cure sore breasts without a scar.  
Take the yolk of an Egg, and beat it with fresh grease, and when your Breasts are almost well, apply that Plasterwise to them, this will cure not only the Breasts, but also any other wounds without a scar, Oil of Eggs will do the like.    

CHAP. XII. Of the Spleen and its Infirmities.  

1. A Caution.  
THe Spleen is a spongy piece of flesh in the body of man, lying under the Bastard ribs on the left side, it is the seat of Melancholy, and of the retentive faculty throughout the body of man, it causeth mirth and laughing, sadness and sighing, according as it is well or ill affected.   

2. Another.  
The Spleen is seldom afflicted, but it stirs up wind in the body extremely, because it lies in so great a cavity.   

3. Another.  
There is a great harmony between the Liver and the Spleen, insomuch that the one is never afflicted, but it afflicts the other in one measure or another, neither is any thing medicinal for the one, but in one measure or another it helps the other.   

4. For hardness of the Spleen.  
Take the marrow of Beef, and mix it well with the like quantity of Oil of bitter Almonds, warm it well, and anoint your left side with it.   

5. For the Spleen.  
Take the inner rind of an Ash tree, bruise it, and boil it well in White wine, and drink a draught of it every morning: Tamaris bark and Caper roots work the same effect, used in the same manner.   

6. Another.  
In the morning wash your left side with your own water.   

7. Another.  
Take the roots of Nettles, stamp them well, and boil them well in Vinegar to a Poultice, and apply it warm to the left side.   

8. For the Spleen over-burdened.  
In this case many times you have no other remedy, than to let blood in the fundament with horseleeches.   

9 For the Spleen.  
My own most approved remedies for the Spleen are these, if the Spleen be afflicted with cold, rub your left side every morning when you rise with your hand, then anoint it with ointment of Tobacco, and lay a Tobacco leaf moistened with the same ointment by the region of the Spleen.   

10. Another.  
Apply a Plaster of Ammoniacum to the Region of the Spleen, if you can get that Plaster which is called Emplastrum Ammoniacum cum scicuta, it is one of the best remedies in the world being applied to the region of the Spleen.   

11. Another.  
If a man live in the Country where these cannot be gotten, let him get a handful of Hemlock, and warm it very hot, and apply it to his side, it were fitting an ointment of it were made, and kept in the house for such occasions, for Hemlock being an herb of Saturn, is an excellent simphaticall remedy for the Spleen.   

12. A Caution.  
When you apply any Plasters to the region of the Spleen, cut them as near as you can to the same form the Spleen is of, so will they work their effects more effectual, and speedily.   

13. Another.  
Let such as are troubled with the spleen, forbear much drinking Wine, for that makes the vapours of the Spleen thin, and sends them up to the brain pel mel, whereby corrupting the senses, they make many men think they see the things they see not, and hear the things they hear not: These vapours of the Spleen I am persuaded is the reason why mad and fantastical people think they see Visions, many thinking they are inspired with the Spirit of God, when 'tis nothing else but a few poisonous vapours of the Spleen.    

CHAP. XIII. Of the Stomach and its Infirmities.  

1. A Caution.  
Infirmity of the Stomach usually proceed from surfeiting.   

2. Another.  
Let such as have weak Stomaches avoid all sweet things, as Honey, Sugar and the like, Milk, Cheese, and all fat meats, let him not eat till he is hungry, nor drink before he is a dry, let him avoid anger, sadness, much travail, and all fried meats, let him not vomit by any means, nor eat when he is hot.   

3. For pain in the Stomach.  
Take a slice of Bread, of a pretty thickness, and toast it very hot, then dip it in Oil of Camomile, or Oil of Spike, which is next hand, then wrap it in a Linen cloth, and apply it to that part pained.   

4. For moisture of the Stomach.  
Taste a drachm of Galanga in powder every morning in a draught of what wine you love best.   

5. For heat of the Stomach.  
Swallow four or five grains of Mastic every night going to bed.   

6. For windiness in the Stomach.  
Take a scruple of Castorium every morning in good Wine; 'tis an excellent remedy for windiness in the stomach; better indeed for women, than it is for men, to put half a dozen or ten drops in a draught of Beer after their meat.   

7. For a stinking Breath caused by the Stomach.  
Take three ounces of Cumin-seeds, bruise them well, and boil them in a gallon of Sack till half be consumed: Drink a draught of it (being strained) first at morning and last at night.   

8. For one that vomits up his victuals.  
Take Quincies, the cores and rinds being taken away, boil them in strong Vinegar till they be soft, then beat them in a Mortar, and make them into a Poltice, with a little Mustardseed, and Cloves beaten into powder; spread this upon a cloth, and apply it warm to the Region of the Stomach. This in three or four times doing will cure.   

9 To stay vomiting.  
Take a toast, and bake it very well, then dip it in Vinegar, chew a little of it in your mouth whilst it is hot, and hold the rest to your nose, and it will close the mouth of your stomach.   

10. For a weak stomach.  
Take an ounce of Cinnamon, half an ounce of Galanga, and as much Ginger; beat them into powder, and with syrup of Hyssop make them up into an Electuary, of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg every morning, fasting an hour or two after it; if you cannot get syrup of Hyssop, put half an ounce of Hyssop in powder in it, and make it up with clarified honey.   

11. For a stinking breath caused by the stomach.  
Take the tops of Rosemary, boil them in wine, and drink a draught of the decoction, first at morning, and last at night.   

12. For a watery Stomach.  
Take an Oaken leaf, and lay it upon your Tongue, with the rough side downward, shut your mouth close, and it will draw the water from your Stomach.    

CHAP. XIV. Of the Liver and its Infirmities.  

1. A Caution.  
IF the Liver be too hot, it usually proceedeth from too much blood, and is known by redness of Urine, the Pulse is swift, the Veins great and full, his Spittle, Mouth and Tongue seem sweeter than they use to be, the cure, is letting blood in the right Arme.   

2. To cause the Liver well to digest.  
Take Oil of Wormwood, and so much Mastic in powder, as will make it into a Poltice, lay it warm to your right side.   

3. For heat of the Liver.  
Take Liver-wort, Cinkfoyle, Endive, Succory, borage, and bugloss, of each equal quantities, boil them in Clarified Whey, and drink no other drink.   

4. Another.  
Take of Sowthistles, Dandelion, and Ribwort of equal quantities, either boil them in clarified Whey, or else in fair water, or if you will, you may ton them up in small Beer, and drink no other drink.   

5. Stoppages for the Liver.  
Take Ivie-berries, Agrimony, Harts-tongue, Liver-wort, and the bark of Ash Tree, of all these a like quantity, Pollypodium the double quantity of any one of them, bruise them well, and either ton them up in small Beer, or else make a decoction of them in water, then make the decoction into a Syrup with Sugar, to be kept for your use.   

6. A Caution.  
If the Liver be stopped, the Face will swell, and you shall be as sure to have a pain in your right side, as though you had it there already.   

6. For Stoppage of the Liver.  
Use garden-thime in all your drinks & broths, it will prevent stoppages before they come, and cure them after they are come.   

8. For the Liver.  
The Liver of a Hare dried, and beaten into powder, cures all the Diseases of the Liver of Man.   

9 Gently to cleanse and cool the Liver.  
Take of Liver-wort, Fumitory and Harts-tongue, of each equal quantities, clarify them in Whey, and drink a pint of it every morning, fasting two or three hours after.    

CHAP. XV. Of the sides and their infirmities.  

1. A Caution.  
IF you have a pain in your side, and question whether it be a Pleurisy or not, take Wormwood and heat it hot against the fire, between two Tile-stones, and when it is very hot sprinkle it with a little Muskadel, than put it in a Linen cloth, and lay it hot to your side, if it be only wind, it will take it away in two hours, but if it be the Pleurisy, it will increase the pain, and then you must seek other remedies.   

2. For wind in the side.  
Take the leaves of holly, and dry them well, and beat them to powder, take two drachms of it in Wine, and it will give thee ease immediately.   

3. For a Stitch in the side.  
Take the Urine of him that is ill, and boil Wormwood and Cummin seeds, bruised very well in it, and anoint the sides, going to bed, with the Liquor.   

4. Another.  
Anoint thy side going to bed with Oil of Bays.   

5. For a Stitch in the left side.  
Take a quantity of Cummin seed, and bruise them very well, & infuse them in Malmsey or Muskadel three or four hours, then fry them in a pan till they be pretty thick, put it in a Linen bag and lay it to your side.    

CHAP. XVI. Of the Heart and its Infirmities.  

1. For a trembling of the Heart without a Fever.  
TAke the Maw of an old Cock, dry it and beat it into powder, and take a drachm of the powder of it in the morning in Wine.   

1. Another.  
Take red Coral, and beat it into very fine powder, and take a scruple of it first in the morning, and last at night, in borage water.   

3. For fatness about the Heart.  
Take the juice of Fennell, and clarify it, and make a Syrup of it with Honey, and take an ounce of it morning and evening.   

4. For knawing about the Heart.  
Take Sage leaves and Yarrow, beat them and press out the juice, clarify it, and drink a spoonful of it in every draught of Beer you drink.   

5. A Caution.  
Things which strengthen the Heart are, Saffron, Rue, borage, bugloss, Hartshorn, Mustard, red Roses, Violets, Mace, good Wine, and Spirit of Wine moderately taken.   

6. For Heart Qualms.  
Take half a Drachma of Peony roots in powder every morning, or a spoonful of Syrup of Pionyes, and to be sure you shall be free from it all that day.    

CHAP. XVII. Of the Belly and its Infirmities.  

1. For a hard Belly without pain.  
TAke Mallows and Mercury, and stamp them together (the herb Mercury I mean, not Quicksilver) and make a Plaster thereof, and lay it to the Navel.   

2. Another.  
Take Rew and press the juice out, clarify it, drink a spoonful of it in all the drink you drink.   

3. For a hard Belly that is sore.  
Beat pennyroyal, and mix a little Ginger with it in powder, and apply it Plasterwise to the Belly.   

4. For a Bastard Colic.  
Take Wormwood, Rew, Motherwort, Lavender-cotton, stamp them, then mix the Gall of an Ox with it warmed, and apply it plaster wise to the Belly.    

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Navel and its Infirmities.  

1. For the swelling of the Navel.  
TAke Cow's dung and dry it to powder, Barley flower, and Bean flower of each a like quantity, a little Cumin-seeds, beaten into powder, make it up into a Plaster with juice of Knotgrass, and apply it to the Navel, if it happen at such a time of the year, when juice of Knotgrass cannot be gotten, add the leaves of Knotgrass in powder, in equal proportion to the rest, and make it up into a Plaster with Ale boiled to the height.   

2. Another.  
Take Cow's dung, and boil it in the Milk of the same Cow into a Plaster, and apply it to the Navel.   

3. For a child's Navel that is sore with crying.  
Take a little Bean flower, and the ashes of fine clouts burnt, temper them with red Wine and Honey, and lay it to the sore.    

CHAP. XIX. Of the Back and its infirmities.  

1. For weakness of the Back.  
TAke Barley flower and Bean flower of each equal quantities, make it up into a plaster with the Oil of Roses, and the Yolk of an Egg, and apply it to your Back.   

2. Another.  
Take Rice in fine powder, and Wheat flower of each equal quantities, temper it with Claret Wine and Sugar, the powder of Clary and Nutmeg, make it into a Cake with fresh Butter, and bake it, and eat no other breakfast but it, being baked for some days.   

3. For a pain in the back.  
Take fresh Cowdung and fry it in Vinegar, and apply it Planter-wise to the Back, you little think how soon it will give you ease.   

4. For heat in the Back.  
Boyl the leaves of Willow trees in water, till they be as thick as a poltice, apply them to the Reins of the Back hot as you can endure it, if it be at such a time of the year when Willows have no leaves, use the inner rind of the Tree in like manner, and in four or five times dressing it will heal you.    

CHAP. XX. Of the Fundament and its Infirmities.  

1. For falling out of the Fundament.  
BEware of taking cold in that place, be sure keep your Buttocks warm, beware of costiveness, sit not upon cold Earth nor Stones.   

2. For the Fig in the Fundament.  
This impediment is an imposthumation, or lump of flesh growing in the right gut, proceeding of Melancholy humours descending thither, and therefore first of all purge Melancholy, either with confection, Hamech, or Pills of Lapis Lazula.   

3. Another.  
Take the powder of a Dog's head burnt, mix it with juice of Pimpernell, and make long Tents of it, and put them up the Fundament.   

4. For falling out of the Fundament.  
Take Bay-leaves and boil them well in water, put the water in an Earthen pot, and sit over it as hot as you can endure, that the fume of the water may go up into your Fundament, so may you put it up with your fingers by little and little, and when you have gotten it up, sit down with your bare breech upon an Oaken board, made as hot with the fire as you can suffer it, this will heal you.   

5. Another.  
Take red Nettles and bruise them very well, boil them well in White wine, in an Earthen pot, till half the Wine be consumed, let him drink this liquor first at morning, and last at night, and lay herbs to his Fundament as hot as he can suffer it.    

CHAP. XXI. Of the Thighs and their Infirmitits.  

1. For stiffness of the Thighs.  
TAke Brooklime, Hoarehound, and S. John's wort, Tallow, Hogs grease, and Horse-turd, boil them all well together, then strain them out, and keep the ointment for your use.   

2. For aching of the Bones of the Thighs.  
Take a pint of White wine, and the Gall of any Ox, boil them to a plaster with a few crumbs of bread, spread it upon a cloth, and apply it to the grieved place.   

3. To knit the Sinews, and Veins of the Thighs.  
Take great Earthworms and beat them all to mash, and add unto them a little Mastic in powder, then boil them in Oil, till it be thick like a Salve, then spread it upon a cloth, and lay it to the grieved place, let it lie on nine days, and by that time all will be well.   

4. For swelling of the Thighs.  
Take Hens dung, or Pigeon's dung, (Pigeons dung is the best by fare, without any dispute of the Story) Sheep's tallow, smallage and Chickweed, beat them all together, then fry them well in Lees of Muskadel, if you cannot get the Lees, use Muskadel itself, and apply it being fried as hot as you can endure it to the place.   

5. For Sinews that are shrunk in the Thighs or elsewhere.  
Anoint the place with ointment of Swallows, it is thus made, take young Swallows out of their Nests by number twelve, Rosemary tops, Bay-leaves, Lavender tops, and Straberry leavs of each a handful, cut off the long feathers of the Swallows wings and tails, and put them in a stone Morter, and lay the herbs upon them, and beat them all to pieces, Guts, Feathers, Bones and all, then mix them with three pound of hogs grease, set it in the Sun a month together, then boil it up, strain it, and keep ointment for your use.    

CHAP. XXII. Of the Knees and their infirmities.  

1. For ache or swelling in the Knees.  
TAke Rew, and Lovage, and stamp them and mix a little honey with them, and apply it to the knee.   

2. For an ache coming of an old bruise.  
Take a pottle of running water, and a pint of bay-salt, boil them together till half be consumed, then make it thick with Bran, and lay it to the knee.   

3. Another.  
Make an ointment with juice of Nightshade, and May Butter, to anoint your Knee with.   

4. For the Knees.  
The best remedy (in my opinion) is this, take the bones of Goats Knees, and beat them to powder, and take a drachm of the powder every morning in Goat's milk, if you can get it, if not in what liquor you please, and wrap a part of the skin of the Goat about your Knee.    

CHAP. XXII. Of the Legs and Feet, and their Infirmities.  

1. For swell of the Legs.  
TAke Wormwood, Southern-wood and Rew, of each equal quantities, stamp them together, and fry them with honey, till they begin to wax dry, then apply it as hot as you can endure it, either to your swollen Legs or Hands.   

2. For a Leg that is swelled, and will pit after touching.  
Take Chickweed and Pellitory of the Wall, of each a handful, Sheep's tallow one pound, Tartar beaten two ounces, boil these in milk, till they be soft like a Poltice, and apply it to the Leg.   

3. Another.  
And this pleaseth me much better, take a quart of Red wine, and boil it to a Poltice, with crumbs of Rye bread, and apply it to your Leg, as hot as you can endure it, in four times dressing this will help you.   

4. For ache in the Bones, in the Legs, or Arms.  
Take a quarter of a pound of Dill seed, beat it into powder, and boil it in a quart of good White wine, boil it till half be wasted away, then put to it a pint of good Saller Oil, boil it again till all the Wine be consumed, then strain out the Oil, and keep it as a Sovereign remedy for the premises.   

5. For a red swelling in the Leg or Arme.  
Take Oatmeal and boil it in Milk, and whe● it hath boiled a good while, add to it a handful of Mallows, and a handful of Houseleek or Sengreen chopped small together, with some Sheep. Suet chopped small, boil it to a Poltice, and apply it to the sore place; if it be ready to break it will break it, if not, it will cure it without breaking.   

6. For a Corn on the Toe.  
Take a black snail and roast him well in a white wet cloth, bruise him and lay him 〈◊〉 to the Corn, and it will take it away in a very shor● time.   

7. To make a Nail grow where it is wanting.  
Take Cinkfoyle, and bruise it with any fresh grease, and apply it to the place where the Nail is wanting, and it will make another grow.   
FINIS