A DESCRIPTION & PLATE OF THE Seacoasts of England, from London, up all the River of Thames, all along the Coasts to Newcastle, and so to Edinburgh, all along Scotland, the Orchades, and Hitland, where the DUCHESS begin their Fishing.  
AS ALSO: All those parts over against us, as Norway, Denmark, the Sound, Holland, and Zealand.  
With the Depths and Showlds about these places, in what Depths men may see the Land.  
Of the Tides and Courses of the streams about these foresaid places, with the Courses and Distances, and how these Lands do lie one from the other, and from other Lands.  
With the heights of their degrees, and minutes, in their respective places where they are Situated.  
Unto which is added: A List containing the Monthly wages of all Officers, Seamen, and others serving in the State's Ships at Sea: And as to the wages to common Seamen, to their shares in Prizes, and relieving of sick and wounded; which is referred to the Commissioners for ordering and managing the Affairs of the Admiralty and Navy, with power to see the particulars aforementioned put in execution, and to give such Orders from time to time, as shall be requisite for the effecting thereof.  
Useful not only for Seamen and Merchants, but for all that desire to know where our Fleets lie, either on the Coast, or the Neighbouring Lands, that any man may be as experienced in the Sea-Coast by this Card, as they have been by Land, by the six Maps of England, wherein the Villages and smallest Places were known to travel unto them, and where the Land Armies did lie.  
LONDON: Printed by M. S. for Tho: Jenner at the South-entrance of the Royal Exchange. 1653.   

A List, containing the Monthly Wages of all Officers, Seamen, and others, serving in the State's Ships at Sea; and as to the Wages for Common Seamen, to their Shares in Prizes, and relieving of sick and wounded, which is referred to the Commissioners for ordering and managing the Affairs of the Admiralty and Navy, with power to see the particulars , put in execution, and to give such Orders from time to time, as shall be requisite for the effecting thereof.  
Officers Names. 1 Rank. 2 Rank. 3 Rank. 4 Rank. 5 Rank. 6 Rank.  l. s. d. l. s. d. l. s. d. l. s. d. l. s. d. l. s. d. A Captain. 21 0 0. 16 16 0. 14 0 0. 10 10 0. 8 8 0. 7 0 0. A Lieutenant. 4 4 0. 4 4 0. 3 10 0. 3 10 0.       A Master. 7 0 0. 6 6 0. 4 13 8. 4 6 2. 3 17 6. The Captain to the 〈◊〉. A Mosters' Mate, or Pilot. 3 6 0. 3 0 0. 2 16 2. 2 7 10. 2 2 0. 2 2 0. A Mid-shipman. 2 5 0. 2 0 0. 1 17 6. 1 13 9 1 10 0. 1 10 0. A Boat swain. 4 0 0. 3 10 0. 3 0 0. 2 10 0. 2 5 0. 2 0 0. A Boat swains Mate. 1 15 0. 1 15 0. 1 12 0. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 6 0. A Quartermaster. 1 15 0. 1 15 0. 1 12 0. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 6 0. A Quarter Master's Mate. 1 10 0. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 8 0. 1 6 0. 1 5 0. A Carpenter. 4 0 0. 3 10 0. 3 0 0. 2 10 0. 2 5 0. 2 0 0. A Carpenter's Mate. 2 0 0. 2 0 0. 1 16 0. 1 14 0. 1 20 0. 1 10 0. A Gunner. 4 0 0. 3 10 0. 3 0 0. 2 10 0. 2 5 0. 2 0 0. A Gunner's Mate. 1 15 0. 1 15 0. 1 12 0. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 6 0. A Quarter-Gunner. 1 6 0. 1 6 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. A Chirurgeon. 2 10 0. 2 10 0. 2 10 0. 2 10 0. 2 10 0. 2 10 0. A Chirurgeons Mate 1 10 0. 1 10 0. 1 10 0. 1 10 0. 1 10 0. 1 10 0. A Corporal. 1 15 0. 1 12 0. 1 10 0. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 5 0. Yeomen of the Jeers, Sheats, Haliards, and Tacks. 1 12 0. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 8 0.       A Purser to be Clerk of the Cheque. 4 0 0. 3 10 0. 3 0 0. 2 10 0. 2 5 0. 2 0 0. A Steward to take charge of the Victuals. 2 0 0. 1 16 8. 1 10 0. 1 10 0. 1 6 8. 1 5 0. A Cook. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 4 0. A Master Trumpeter. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 4 0. Other Trumpeters. 1 4 0. 1 4 0.             A Cock swain. 1 12 0. 1 10 0. 1 8 0. 1 8 0. 1 6 0.    An Armourer. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0. 1 5 0.       A Gun-Smith. 1 5 0. 1 5 0.              

Yoeman of the Powder-Room. These to have the pay of an able Seaman.  
A Steward's Mate. These to have the pay of an able Seaman.  
A Cook's Mate. These to have the pay of an able Seaman.  
A Cock swains Mate. These to have the pay of an able Seaman.  
A Swabber. These to have the pay of an able Seaman.  
A Cooper besides three shillings and four pence a Month, Adds money. These to have the pay of an able Seaman.   

ALL able Seamen fit for the Helm and Lead, twenty four shillings by the Month; whereof one shilling to be paid to the Chest, Minister, and Chirurgeon.  
All others, not capable of performing the duties aforesaid, nineteen shillings a Month, Boys and Gromets excepted.  
Gromets' fourteen shillings and three pence a Month, and Boys nine shillings and six pence, whereof one shilling to be paid to the Chest, Minister, and Chirurgeon.  
The Captain, Master, and Boatswain of each Ship, do before the payment of their respective Ships Companies, rate the Wages of each Ships Company, certifying the same against each man's name according to their Abilities; and to that end to sign the Sea-Books with the Purser: And in case of the discharge of any from the Ship, the foresaid persons are to certify upon the Ticket whereby they are discharged, their abilities, and rate them according to the aforesaid distinctions.  
The Treasurer and Commissioners of the Navy have power to determine all cases or differences that may arise.  
Such Mariners and Sea men as shall voluntarily come into the State's service, shall have the same allowance of Conduct-money as the Pressed men have, they making it appear to the Commissioners of the Navy, how far they have traveled to enter themselves into the State's Service; and shall also have the benefit of the Chest.   

As to the Shares in Prizes.  
All Captains, Seamen, and others, that do or shall serve in any of the States own, or Merchant's Ships employed in their service, shall have from the State for every ship or Prize, Merchantmen, or men of War, laden or light, ten shillings for every Tun, and six pound thirteen shillings and four pence, for every piece of Ordnance, whether iron or brass, to be paid by the Collectors for prize-good, within three days after the payment of the Wages (in case Adjudication be made of the ship in the Admiralty Court) to be shared and divided amongst them proportionably, according to the respective Places and Offices in the ship in which they served. All Captains, Seamen, and others, to take and have to themselves as Pillage, all such Goods and Merchandise as shall be found above the Gun-deck, for every man of War sunk or destroyed by fire, ten pounds a Gun, upon Certificate by the Council of War.  
All common Seamen shall out of the Proceed of Prizes, have one Months pay at the coming in, and paying off their several Ships, to be paid by the Treasurer of the Navy.   

As to sick and wounded men.  
Sick and wounded men on board, five pounds for six Month's service for every hundred men. Upon the discharge of sick and wounded men, payment of their Tickets and Conduct-money.  
All Majors, Bailiffs, or other Magistrates in any Port-Townes, to take care for all necessary accommodations at the charge of the State, for the relief and cure of such sick and wounded men as shall be sent on shore.  
A convenient House be provided in or near Dover, Deal, or Sandwich, as an Hospital for the Receipt and Accommodation of wounded men that shall be there sent on shore.  
All Hospitals in ENGLAND, employed for the cure of wounded and sick people, be reserved during this War at Sea, for such as shall be wounded in the service of the Navy.  
The Tenths of all Prizes, taken or to be taken, customarily due to the Lord high-admiral, be appointed for defraying the charges of sick and wounded men as aforesaid, and for the relief of Widows, Children, and impotent Parents of such as shall be slain in the service of the Commonwealth, at Sea; and for Medals, or other Rewards to such Officers and Seamen of the Fleet, as shall be found to have done any eminent or extraordinary Service.    

A DESCRIPTION and PLATE of the Seacoasts of England, from London, all the River of Thames, all along the Coast to New Castle, and so to Edinburgh, all along Scotland, the Orcadeses, and Hitland, where the DUCHESS begin their Fishing.  

The First Demonstration.  
In which The East-side of England, and Schotland, is showed, from the River of London, to the Newcastle.  
BY two ways men may sail into the River of London: from the southwards, along by the North Forland, and by the northwards along by the Naes. if you will sail in there from the Southwards, than you must first shun the North Forland, it is there showld a good ways from the shore, bring the north Forland also not more southerly from you then south-west, that you do not run on against the Northgrounds, which lie fare to seawards. Coming by the land, run alongst by it, but come not so near it, that you lose sight of the spire of the steeple of Margat behind the land, for than you should come too near it; but if you keep so far from the shore, that you can see the foresaid steeple above the high land, or keep it even in your sight, than you cannot take hurt of the south grounds. Coming thwart of Margat, than you are passed the foresaid showlds or south grounds. Run then boldly towards the shore, and within two cables lengths along by it, for to avoid the north grounds, which lie fare to the southwards towards the land. Sail on so west all along by the shore, until that the Roculvers (which are two steeples upon one Church) come one in the other, and then you shall run in sight of the first boy upon the Lasts, which by e●h upon the to resaid marks of the Roculvey a being by it you can also see the other boy which lieth like as the first also on the north side, and over against it on the south side standeth a Beak on, there you must sail through betwixt them both, leaving the boy on the starboard side, and the Beacon over against it on the larboard side. From thence you may with little ships, or ships of little draught, but not with ships of great draught, at high water run over the Swallow on west-north-west toward, Sheppy, for it is there showld water, with ships of great draught you must run through the Fisher's deep towards Black tail. You may also run from Margat with small ships along by the shore upon the lead at high water, even unto Sheppy, but in sailing along there you must cast your tides well, for the flood falleth very strong into the Swallow, and the ebb to the contrary very strong out.  
When you come by Sheppy, 
Sheppy.  run within two cables lengths along by it, for to avoid the tail of the Spaniard, until that you be past Quinsborough, 
The Spagmard.  edge then off from the south shore for to avoid the Noere, which is a sand that shooteth off from the River a good ways to the eastwards, upon the outermost end whereof standeth always a Beacon whereby you may know it, 
The Noete.  run along to the northwards of it, leaving on the larboard side, and along in the middle of the channel into the sea-reach for to avoid the grounds which lie off from the north shore, go in so along towards Gravesend.  
To sail with ships of great draughts along by the north For land up into the Thames, you must (when you are passed the buys upon the Lasts) sail through the Fisher's deep toward Blacktaile, which lieth from the second buy upon the Lasts, 
Fisher's deep.  unto the first buy in the Fisher's deep, northwest, and northwest, and by west, which lieth upon the north fide of the sand, which men do call the Spaniard, these two buys lie a great way one from the other.  
Sailing from the buy upon the Lasts, it is a great way, all showld water, so that you must run over there with high water, but coming near the buy upon the Spaniard, it is by little and little, deeper water. He that will sail over here, must reckon his tides well, the flood falleth there along towards the south-west almost thwart over the deep, and the ebb to the contrary.  
The second buy in the Fisher's Deep you must leave on the starboard side: being past that, you come against the Blacktaile, to the southwards of the Shoebeakon into the right deep. The east point of Sheppy shall then lie about south from you. From the Shoebeakon the course is south-west to the point of Blacktaile, there runneth off a hook which men might (at unawares) sail within (coming from the northwards) in five or six fathom, but if you keep from the shore in seven fathom, you cannot sail within it. From Black-tail to the Beacon upon the Noere, the course is west-south-west, leave it on the larboard side, as before is said, and run it along the River, in the middle of the Channel betwixt both lands unto Gravesend.  
For to sail into the River of London coming from. the northwards, 
For to sail into the River of Lond: from the northwards.  you must come near the coast to the northwards of Orfordnes, which is to the northwards of all the sands, there lie Albrough, Dunwich, Walderswike, Sowle and Covehit, all betwixt Orfordnes and Leystaf. Covehit is a sharp steeple like as also Leystaffe, but Sowle and Walderswyke, Albrough and Orfordnes, are all flat Steeples, Sowle and Dunwich lie both upon the high land, betwixt them both is a valley, therein you may see Walderswike, 
Sowle.  when you are thwart of it. 
Dunwich.  Dunwich is the best to be known of all these foresaid places: it hath two flat steeples, and on both sides some trees. To the soutwards of it lieth Albrough, 
Albrough.  which is also very good to be known, it hath one high flat steeple with three mills, the two stand to the northwards, and the third to the southwards of Arbrough when you are thwart of it, but sailing to the southwards, they come all three to the southwards of it. The Land without Albrough, and to the southwards of it is very low, flat and chindely land.  
Betwixt Albrough and Dunwich, about half ways betwixt them, lieth a wood, which is at both ends high, and in the midst low with a saddle; this you shall commonly see first when you fall with land thereabouts, and is the best to be known for to know the coast by; the land without it, and to the southwards, is very low flat chindely land. 
Orfordnes.  About two leagues to the soutwards of Albrough lieth Orfordnes, betwixt them both stand also two woods of trees, which show themselves a far off like Castles or Towers. Or fordnes is a flat steeple with a thick or broad castle, which hath also a thick flat steeple, almost of fashion like the steeple of Rarop, open above with holes in it like Bellholes.  
Before Dunwich you may anchor, there is good lying in eight or nine fathom somewhat soft ground. Before Albrough is the best road of all the coasts thereabouts, in six and seven fathom.  
East from Albrough about two leagues, 
Aelbrough Knock.  lieth Albrough Knock, this is a sand which at low water is not deeper than seven or eight foot: you may sound round about in five fathom, but it is not good to come nearer it: with sea winds you may discern it plainly, by the breaking of the sea upon it; but with landerly or westerly winds, and fair weather, the sea breaketh not upon it; he that runneth thereby to the northwards with an ebb, shall see it commonly ripple very much upon it, like as upon most the English banks, and not indeed upon the banks, but against them, for upon the showlds or midst of the banks is the smoothest water, like as you find every where.  
When as Albrough is west from you, 
Marks of Aelbrough Knock.  and the two steeples of Orfordnes are one in the other, there you shall find Albrough knock.  
These are sure marks of that Sand.  
The Whiting, or Whiting sand, is somewhat a long small sand lying before Orfordnes, and the chindely land to the southwards of Aelbrough, and lieth along the reach, but the south end lieth further from land then the north end, there is at low water not above six or seven foot water upon it. Coming from the northwards, men sail commonly to the westwards of it, that is through betwixt the land and Whitingsand, towards the Naze. 
Whiting sand.  Men may also sail along to the eastwards of it, through betwixt Whitingsand and the eastermost point of the Court, or Court-sand, which some do call the Rib. 
The Court.   
The north end of the Whiting lieth along close to the shore, and lieth from the steeples of Orfordnes southeast and by south, it is so exceeding steep and needle too, that you shall have the one cast nine, the next cast five fathom, and then you are no more but a ships length from it, before you can heave the lead again you shall be upon it. When you sit with the foreship against it, it is at the stern five or six fathom deep.  
Along the inner side it is also every where so steep, that you cannot sound it, but on the outer side you may run along by it in five fathom upon the lead, until you come within the sands.  
When as you come from the northwards and will sail through within the Whiting, you must run close by the shore, and south w. about by the point of the chi●dle to the southwards of Aelbrough, until you come within the north point of the Whiting, when the steeples of Orfordnes come to be northwest and by north from you, than you are right thwart of the north point of the Whiting, being within it go again more southerly, to wit, south-west and by south towards Balsy cliff.  
If you should fall to the southwards of Whiting, or else coming from the southwards will sail in there to the northwards, then bring the steeples of Orfordnes westnorthwest, or northwest and by west, but for all not more northerly than northwest from you, and sail so right in until you come by the Chindle strand, then run in along by it, as is before said, and then you shall run far enough along to the northwards of the Whiting.  
If you will sail in to the eastwards or the southwards of the Whiting, then bring the steeples of Orfordnes north northwest, or northwest and by north, or northwest from you, 
For to run in to the eastwards of the Whiting.  and sail in so right with them, until that the wood of trees, that standeth upon the next point to the southwards of Balsy cliff, come to Balsy cliff, which shall then stand about west-southwest from you, keep that aforesaid wood to the southside of the cliff, and sail in boldly right with it, and then you shall run right in the the faireway in betwixt the Whiting, and the tail of Court-sand, but if you bring the foresaid trees more than a hand-spikes length without the cliff, you shall not fail to run on against the point of the Court. That aforesaid wood of trees is very good to be known, because thereabouts stand no other trees.  
Or bring the steeple of Balsy w. s. w. from you, and sail in so right with it, until you come by Whiting sand, in five or six fathom, and lead it in so by it upon the lead, until that you come by Balsy, or that you get deeper water.  
When you come near Balsy, whether you be come in from the northwards, or the southwards of Whiting sand, you must keep somewhat off from the shore, because of a little riffe, or small tail, that shooteth off from the shore, thwart of Balsy-cliffe, which you must avoid somewhat, with ships of great draughts, there remaineth at low water upon it no more than two fathom, you may commonly perceive it well by the rippling of the tide.  
You may also sail in to the southwards of the Rib, (that is, 
For to sail in at the channel through the Court.  the tail of the Court, or Court-sand) thus, bring the steeple of Balsy north north w. or a little more northerly from you, and sail in so right with it, and so you shall run in to the northwards, or through the Court, at a channel of eight fathom depth, the east side of this channel is steep, come no nearer it than eight fathom, but by the west side you may run in about by the Court, upon the lead, until you come within the sands.  
Balsy hath a high flat steeple, 
Balsy.  and lieth somewhat within the land behind the cliff, when as you come from the northwards, you may see Balsy to the northwards, or the westwards of the cliff, but you sail it altogether behind the cliff, so that at last it cometh out again to the southwards of it.  
If you will sail to Harwich being past Balsy, 
For to sail into Harwich.  then bring Balsy to that steep point to the southwards of Balsy, where trees stand upon, keep these marks so standing, and run so along by the shore, until that you be over the point of the Chindle, the marks thereof are two high trees within the land, when they are about N. n. west from you, than they come one in the other with the steeple of Harwich, and then you are right over the point of the Chindle, and then you shall get deeper water, four and five fathom, or somewhat more against the highest water. Run in then about by the point, the channel lieth in right N. but in the midst of the Havens mouth lies a sunken rocky and stony ground, which you must avoid, you may sail in about it on both sides, by the one shore or the other, but along by the east shore it is best, being within it, you cannot sail amiss, to take hurt, if you do not sail bluntly against the shore, there you may anchor all over, where you please, before the Town, in five, six, and seven fathom. You may well also go further into the bite, there it is clean every where. The faraway betwixt Orfordnes or Whitingsand, and the Naze lieth most s. w. and by s. and is six, seven, and eight fathom deep, in turning to windwards you may run to the shore in five and four fathom, but close to the sands it is deeper, to wit, eight, nine, and ten fathom, the nearer the sands, the deeper water.  
But to sail from Balsy to the Naze, 
The Naze.  you must mark the steeple of Balsy, when it cometh within a Capstone-bars length near to the s. end of the cliff, then keep them so standing, so long until that the house upon the Maze come over the two fields, which lie on against the Highland, or come over a black head upon the seaside, sail then right in with them, until that the steeple of Harwich come to be n. n. w. from you in the little valley of a red cliff, leave then the first marks, keep the steeple of Harwich in that little valley, and go on s. s. e. until that the third point of the Naze come without the two other points, so you shall run through betwixt the Naze and the Course, there remaineth at low water no more than eight, ten, and at some places twelve foot water, therefore it is not good to run through here, unless that it be a quarter flood, or with a ship of great draught at half flood, there it is very uneven of ground, rocky and stony. The point of the Naze is very foul, and uneven, the nearer the shore thwart of that point the showlder, but the nearer the sands the deeper.  
When that the third point of the Naze cometh without the two other points, or the other land, and that it doth again begin to deep off, to wit, four or five fathom, then go southest somewhat southerly, or south-west and by south, unto the buy upon Longsand. Thwart of the Naze is Longsand very steep, so that it cannot be well sounded with the lead by them that are not there very well acquainted, 
Longsand.  but somewhat more to the southwards you may run along by it in four fathom, and three fathom and a half, until that you get the buy upon Longsand in sight of you. The n. shore to the southwards of the Naze is also flat, you may run along by it also upon the lead, without any danger.  
The buy upon the Longsand lieth in two fathom and an half, 
Buys upon Longsand & the Spits.  at half flood, you must leave it on the larboard side, and the Buy upon the Spits, on the starboard side, which lieth a little showlder, they lie about south and be east, and north and by west, a musket shot one from the other. The Course betwixt the two buys, is southsoutheast, and northnorthwest, but you must reckon well your tids, 
The Spits.  whether you run through there with a flood, or with an ebb. Upon the Spits betwixt the two buys, is at half flood at least three fathom and a half, or almost four fathom, in the right channel, a little to the southwards of the buy upon the Spits stand two masts above the water, of a lost ship, which are good marks. 
Whitakers Beacon.  Being over the Spits, the course to Whitakers beacon is s. south-west.  
About half way betwixt them stand also two masts more on the same w. side, 
Middle-plate.  and over against these masts lieth a middle plate, whereupon lieth a buy on the west side: the fareway is along to the westwards of this middle-plate, through betwixt that foresaid Buy, and the Mast.  
To the northwards of that foresaid Middle-plate, goeth out a Channel by the southside of Longsand, which you may sail out and in, called the King's deep. If you come from Whitakers-beakon, past the Middle-plate, so far that you get sight of the buys of Longsand, or Spits, go then boldly e. n. e. and n. e. and by east into sea, or upon the lead along by Longsand, but if you should run into sea, to the s. wards of the Middle-plate, you should with an e. n. e. way sail within the Hook of the Mouse. This Kingsdeep is a ready Channel, 
King's deep.  and is used almost forall ships for to run out at.  
For to run in at this channel out of the sea, 
For to sail into the King's deep.  then bring the point of the Naze northwest from you, and sail in so with it, until that you come near Goemfliet or Longsand in five fathom, go in then along by it about west-south west, and south-west and by west, and keep the sounding of Longsand, and so you shall not fail to run in sight of the buy upon the Spits, and the foresaid masts to the southwards of it.  
From Whitakers beacon to the Shoebeakon the course is s. s. w. somewhat westerly, coming thwart of the Shoebeakon, 
Shoe beacon.  then lieth the east point of Sheppy about s. from you. From the Shoebeakon the course is along s. w. to the point of Blacktaile, 
Blacktaile.  there runneth off a Hook, which men might sail within, coming from the northwards, but if you keep from the shore in seven fathom, you cannot take hurt of it, but in five fathom you run within it. The like Hook is also a little to the southwards of the Shoebeakon, which you might unawares sail within, coming from the southwards.  
From Blacktaile to the beacon upon the North, the course is w. s. w. The North is a sand, 
The North.  lying from the south point of the main land of the River, far to the eastwards, therefore leave the beacon on the larboard side, and go on west along amidst the channel, into the River, betwixt both the lands, as heretofore hath been said in the description of the Fishers deep.  
From Aelbrough along by Dunwich to Covehit, the coast lieth north and by east, somewhat easterly, and south and by west, or somewhat westerly five leagues, but from Covehit or Leystaf, north and south two leagues Aelbrough, Dunwich and the sands lying thereabouts, are described here before.  
Betwixt Dunwich and Covehit lieth the Haven of Sowle, 
Sowle.  which is a little showld River, a little within it divideth itself into three parts, upon the northermost arm lieth Sowle, upon the middlemost Walderswyke, and upon the souther most Dunwich. 
Dunwich.   
Covehit hath a high sharp steeple, thwart of it lieth a bank not far from land, which falleth at low water, but at half flood you may sail through betwixt it and the land in three fathom, upon the outer side it is very steep, so that you cannot come nearer it than nine or ten fathom. When the steeple of Easton is westnorth west from you, than you are to the southwards of the bank, & when the steeple of Covehit is s. w. and by w. from you, than you are to the northwards of it.  
Two leagues to the northward of Covehit lieth Leystaf, 
Leystaff,  and two leagues more to the northwards of it lieth Yarmouth. The steeple of Leystaf is a high sharp steeple, and standeth a great musket shot within the land from the houses, so that in sailing along you may bring the steeple on both sides of the houses. Off from Leystaf begin the bank or Holins of Yarmouth, & lie along to the n. wards past Yarmouth, until thwart of Winterton there go divers marks, for those that are there acquainted; you may sail through within these banks, off from Leystaf, until past Winterton.  
If you run through from before Leystaff within these banks, then look out for the firebeakon, 
For to come within the banks of Yarmouth.  which stands by Leystaf, which at two little white houses, the one standeth beneath upon the chindle on the seaside, and the innermost upon a little Hammock, somewhat further within the land. When they come to the southwards, they show themselves to the northwards of the Town, but come at last thwart of it. In the night there is always fired upon them, for to sail in there also by night. Bring these foresaid firebeakons n. w. and by north, or somewhat more northerly from you, and sail in so right with them, either by night or by day, the Church of Leystaf cometh then to the southwards of the Town, over a Country House by the water side: when you come against the Channel, there is at low water no more than three fathom depth, keep these foresaid firebeakons one in the other, or bring the innermost rather a little northwards of the outermost, for to avoid a little plate, which lieth on the southside of the Deep, but the Channel is indifferent wide, run until you come against the strand in two fathom and an half, or two fathom, so near as you will or can and go then up northwards along by the shore, you shall then (being sailed a little to the northwards) meet with a flat, whereupon remaineth at low water less than two fathom depth, with laden ships you must anchor before that flat, and stay for high water, it floweth there about eight foot up and down, so soon as you are over the flat it will be five, six, and seven fathom deep, edge then to the shore, and sail toward it, and then you come before the Brewhouse, there is the road where you may anchor in four, five, and six fathom, from thence n. wards towards Yarmouth along the shore is all over good ankoring and good ground.  
About an English mile, 
Haven of Yarmouth.  or somewhat more to the s. wards of the Town Yarmouth, is the Haven of Yarmouth, it hath two wooden heads, where you must sail in betwixt them both, against the highest water, when the strongest of the flood is spent, at half flood it is dangerous, because of the strongest tide, which should lighlty carry you into the bite, 
Road before Yarmouth.  against the shore (against your will) it is also best to run in along by the southerhead, there it is deepest. At Yarmouth in the road, men do commonly anchor to the northwards of the Heaven, right thward of the Town, in five, six, seven, or eight fathom, the nearer you anchor to the sands, the deeper water you shall have, but all good sand, and soft ground.  
If you will sail into the road of Yarmouth, through the Holmes, then bring the sharp little steeple, that standeth to the northwards of Yarmouth within the land, over the broad Castle, or bring the Mill to the north side of the Town. Keep these marks so standing, and go in so west n. west, you shall find in this channel not less water than eight or nine fathom at half flood. This channel is called S. Nicholas channel: 
S. Nicholas channel.  On the north side it is deepest, being come in, the road is right before the Town, in five and six fathom.  
Thwart or over against the Haven of Yarmouth, goeth also a channel through the Holms, for to sail in through there coming to the southwards, then bring Southon on the north side of the Haven, the great tree betwixt Northen and that flat little house or Castle, sail in right with them, and keep these marks so standing, until that you be within the Holmes, within them lieth a plate on the starboard side, a little to the n. wards of the Haven, called the Middleground, you may sail about it on both sides, on the inner side in five fathom, but towards the Holms, or about to the eastwards of it, in eight and nine fathom.  
From Yarmouth to Winterton the coast lieth n. and by w. and n. n. w. two leagues.  
If you will sail from Yarmouth forth through within the banks to the n. wards, sail along by the land, and keep the sounding of the shore in five, six, and seven fathom, until that you have the two firebeakons (which stand a little to the northwards of the Castor) one in the other, sail then right with them, either by day or by night (in the night there is fired upon them) you shall so run over a flat, through betwixt two buys, which lie each of them upon a tail of a sand, sail boldly in with the foresaid firebeakons, until that you come again near the shore, in five or six fathom, being come by the shore, run then again along by it, and keep the sounding thereof as before, all along until you come before Winterton.  
Thwart of Winterton runneth off a dangerous riffe, which is dangerous to sail about by night, 
Riffe of Witerton, or Winterton Nesse.  if men do come too near it, which is upon the end so steep, that (in three fathom, or two fathom and a half) you shall not be a ships length off from it, but when as you (coming from the southwards) keep yourself in six or seven fathom, than you cannot sail too near to it. To the s. wards of that riffe upon the land, standeth a firetower which is very good to be known, with a firebeakon, and also a little white house, when these come one in the other, than you are thwart of the point of the riffe.  
To the northwards of this riffe upon the Land, stand two white firebeakons, whereupon there is fired by night, for to avoid this riffe. When as you come thwart of the point, then are these also one in the other, so that these do serve for thwart marks, and the other to the southwards of them, for long marks, for those that will sail about it from the southwards. Coming from the n. wards along the shore, in five or six fathom, until you come by the firebeakons, upon the n. side, you must keep somewhat off from the shore, before they come one in the other, or else you should run on against the riffe. When they are one in the other they stand s. w. and by west from you, and when as the high firebeakon to the southwards of Winterton, cometh to be s. w. somewhat more westerly from you, than you are thwart of the point of the riffe: you may not also run about far within that riffe, for than you should lightly be foul to the grounds to the eastwards of it, especially when you come from the northwards, for there it is not very wide betwixt them both.  
From Winterton to Haesbrough point, the course lieth n. w. three leagues.  
Betwixt Haesbrough and the Admiral's house stands a ruinous Tower upon the strand, when as you keep it and the steeple of Haesbrough one in the other, coming from the northwards, than you run right upon the point of the foresaid riffe. Four leagues without the land lieth Winterton sand, the s. end thereof lieth about e. and the n. end n. e. from Winterton.  
Thwart of Admiral's house, not far from the shore, lieth also a little plate where no ships can go over, but if you go in fix or seven fathom, you cannot sail too near it, you may also run through in two fathom, betwixt this plate and the land.  
From Haesbrough to Cromer, the Coast lieth along northwest and by west, and west-north-west, three or four leagues.  

Of the Depths and Showlds about these Plates, and in what Depths men may see the Land.  
Five or six Leagues n. and by e. and n. n. e. from the n. Forland, or from Margot, lieth a bank called Kentish Knock, upon it is three fathom water, being by it you may even see the Land from below.  
Five Leagues n. e. from this bank it is twenty fathom deep.  
N. e. and by n. from the North Forland, nine or ten Leagues, and about e. from the Naze, eight leagues into the sea, lieth a bank called the Galloper, of five, six, and seven fathom depth.  
The Westrocks is a stony ground, lying between the Court and Longsand, where is no more than two fathom water at a half flood.  
Without that sand, or Harwich, five Leagues from the Naze it is 20. and 22. fathom deep, being there you may see the Land.  
Thwart of Orfordnes you may see the Land from below, in two and twenty fathom.  
Five or six Leagues without Leystaff and Yarmouth, s. e. and by e. into sea, it is 27. and 28. fathom deep, there you may see the Land.  
Four leagues e. and by s. from Land, without the Holms of Yarmouth, lieth a bank called the Newsand, which is not deeper than two fathom.  
E. n. e. at least seven Leagues from Land, thwart of Yarmouth, it is 15. fathom, the ground red gross sand, with little round stones, being there you may even see the Land from below.  
Thwart of Winterton and Cromer, seven or eight leagues from the Land, it is 18 and 19 fathom deep, and there you may see the Land.  
Winterton sand lieth 4 or five leagues from land. n. e. from Winterton.   

What Moon maketh High-water at these places.  
At the North Forland a north and south Moon maketh High-water.  
Within the Thames a s. and by e. Moon.  
Before the Thames, at Harwich and Orfordnes, a s. s. e. Moon.  
At Leystaff and Yarmouth, a s. s. e. Moon maketh High-water.  
Without the banks of Yarmouth, and before Cromer, a s. e. Moon maketh full sea.  
Betwixt the Banks of Harwich, and the Holmes of Yarmouth, the flood falleth s. and the ebb n.  
Thwart of the banks of Winterton and Cromer, the flood falleth s. s. e. and the ebb n. n. w.   

Of the Tides, and Courses of the Streams.  
From the n. Forland the flood falleth to the Roculvers, and over the Brakes w. s. w. and w. and by s.  
Without about Goodwin, towards Kentish Knock, the flood falleth n. and by w. and n. n. w. there cometh the flood also against it from the n. wards, and meet one another by the Gallopper, with very great rippling, and noise (whereof this bank is also called the Gallopper) and falleth to the westwards, into the sands and channels, and also to the eastwards towards Flanders.  
Betwixt the n. Forland and Orfordnes, the stream falleth without the sands, s. and by e. and s. s. e.  
When you are to the n. wards of the Gallopper, than you can reckon no ebb, then that which runneth along England to the n. wards, the streams fall there all along the Coasts. To the s. wards of the Gallopper, the ebb goeth to the contrary, to the s. wards, and the flood to the n. wards.   

Courses and Distances.  

From the n. Forland to the n. end of Good wine, the Course is s. and by e. One great league.  
From the n. Forland to Kentish Knock, n. e. and by e. and n. n. e. 4 or 5 l.  
From thence to the Orfordnes n. 12. l.  
From the n. Forland to the Gallopper, n. e. and by n. 9 l.  
From the Gallopper to Orfordnes n. n. w. 9 or 10. l.  
From the n. Forland to the Wielings, the Course is e. somewhat northerly, about 27. l.  
From the n. Forland to the Maze, the Course is e. n. e. or somewhat more easterly, about 33. l.  
From the n. Forland to the Tessel, or Marsdiep, n. 45. l.  
From the Naze or Harwich to the Maze, e. 29. l.  
From Orfordnes to Tessel, e. n. e. 39 l.  
From yarmouth to Leystaff, to Waloherens or the Wickling southeast, and s. e. and by s. 38. or 40. l.  
From the point of Cromer or Schield, to the Tessel, the Course is e. 40. or 42. l.    

Of the Heights of these Lands.  

The North Forland lieth in 51 deg. 25. min.  
Orfordnes lieth in 52 deg. 12 min.     

The Second Demonstration.  
In which The Coasts of England are set forth, between Cromer and Orkney.  
THe land lieth from Cromer to Bornum first w. n. w. and w. and by n. and then west, and west and by s. 9 or 10. leagues.  
From Cromer to Blakeney it is three or four leagues. 
Blakeney.  At Blakeney standeth a high steeple, which you may see along fare over the Land, when it cometh to the little steeple, than you have the first buy of the channel, which lieth at the s. end of the Pole, which is a sand at the w. side of the Channel of Blakeney, go from the first buy to the other, and along by them, until you come within the Haven; this is a Tide-Haven, where men do lie dry at low water.  
Four leagues to the westwards of Blakeney lieth Wells, 
Pol and Pyper.  betwixt them both lieth the foresaid showld, called the Poll and Pyper, there it is showld a far off at Sea. At the west end of this showld, goeth in the Deep of Wells, the beakons that you must sail in along by, stand all along by the Pyper. When Hoebrom standeth east-south-west from you, than you are to the westwards of the Pyper, thwart of it is good road in six fathom. 
Wells.  Wells lieth then southeast from you, and the trees stand then also against the steeple, than you may sail open into the Haven of Wells, along by the foresaid beakons.  
Betwixt Wells and Bornum lieth a bank, you may ride under it in five or six fathom, at half flood there is upon it no more than two fathom water.  
He that will sail into Bornum, 
Bornum.  must go in at high water, and he must bring the steeple against the Black-house, and sail so in by the beakons, leaving them on the larboard side. These are all Tyde-havens.  
From Bornum to Chapel the course is west-south-west two leagues, 
Chapel.  to the northwards of it lieth the Sunk, which is a sand that falleth dry at low water. You may sail about it on both sides of the Sunk unto Lin. 
The Sunk.   
For to sail into the Easter channel of Lyn, 
Easter channel of Lyn.  then sail about to the eastwards of the Sunk, and bring the wood of trees, over the point of Sitsein or Suytson, and Chapel east from you, then go in s. e. and by s. and you shall find the first buy, then in s. and by w. and s. s. w. and by little and little more westerly, until you come about the point, there the buys and beakons shall show you the way.  
When you come about the point, than you may run through the sands, into the northern channel, and sail out again by the same into sea, by the buys and marks that are thereof. This norther channel lieth into sea n. e. and n. e. and by east, and is very well buyed and beakoned.  
You may also sail into the westwards of the Sunk, 
Wester channel of Lyn.  to wit, south and by east in all along by it, and so run to the first buy, and then from the buy along by the beakons unto Lyn before the Town. When you come from the eastwards, you may well run through within the Sunk, along by the land, close along by Chapel, and in south and by west unto the foresaid first buy.  
For to sail from Cromer or Blakeney, 
Boston deep.  to Boston deep, you must go on west and by north, until you come by the land betwixt the Hommor and Lagernesse. From the Sunk lieth a long bank, called the Flats, 
The Flats.  north into sea a league, which at low water falleth dry at divers places. You run with the foresaid west and by North Course (when you are by Cromer or Blakeney a little without the land) along without, or to the northwards of this bank, at high water, you may well go over it, the ground on the east side goeth up flat and plain, run boldly to it without fear, until you come in four or three fathom, he that useth his lead can take no hurt of it, but on the inner side, that is, on the west side, it is very steep, so soon as you be over the showldest, you shall get suddenly deep water, and good sand ground, under it, or within it, it is good riding for easterly winds.  
For to sail into Bostom deep, 
For to sail into Boston deep.  through within the Knock, or Elleknock, you must keep the sounding of the shore in four or five fathom, so long until that the point of Lagarnes be west-north-west from you. Betwixt the shore and Elleknock remaineth at low water five fathom in the midst of the channel, 
Elleknock.  but Elleknock falleth dry at low water. When that Lagernesse is west-northwest from you, then go on southeast, through betwixt Elleknock and the showld (which shooteth off from the shore to the westwards Lagernesse (until that you get again depth of six or seven fathom, in this going over remaineth at low water no more than two fathom, but it floweth there about three fathom up and down. Being over it, 
Longsand.  then go on south-west along betwixt Longsand and the showld, which lieth off from the shore, there it is deep betwixt them both, nine and ten fathom, you may sound both sides (as well the showld which lieth off from the Land, as Longsand) in five fathom, but the flat is somewhat steeper than Longsand.  
For to sail without Elleknock into Bostons' deep, coming (as is before said) to the west land, 
Ingoldmils.  you must look out for the two steeples of Ingoldmils, standing somewhat to the northwards of Lagernesse, bring them one in the other, and then they shall stand about north-north-west from you, keep them one in the other, and go on southeast, until that the trees upon the point by west Lagernesse, come without the point of Lagernesse, and then you run through betwixt Elleknock and Dogshead that is a showld without Elleknock) when these aforesaid trees come a handspikes length past, 
Dog's head.  or to the eastwards of the point of Lagernesse, then go on south-west and then you run right into the deep, betwixt Elleknock and Longsand, and so you shall find betwixt Elleknock and the point of Longsand, five fathom depth, being past Elleknock, it will be eight, nine, and ten fathom deep.  
If you will sail out of the sea into Boston deep, and not along by the Land, as is before said, then bring the foresaid trees a handspikes length without the point of Lagernesse, which shall then stand from you about west-south-west, sail in so right with them, until that the high-land within Lagernesse or Winfleet begin to come even without the point of Lagernesse, which shall then be from you somewhat more northerly than west, than you are within the point of Longsand. Or else there stand three little houses on the seaside, about half ways betwixt Lagernesse and Ingoldmils, when they come to be northwest from you, and those foresaid trees without the point, than you are also within the point of Longsand, go in then s. w. betwixt Elleknock and Longsand, as aforesaid. A little past Lagernesse lieth a showld or plate about the midst in the fareway, but nearest Longsand when the trees upon the point to the southwards of Winfleet come in the second valley of the high-land within Winfleet, than you are right thwart of this showld, edge therefore to one side or other, rather towards the showld, there is widest, keep boldly the sounding of the showld, and run south-west along by it, until that the steeple of Boston come over the steeple of Butterwyke, that is also a flat steeple (but smaller than that of Boston) standing in a wood of trees, 
Butterwyke.  thwart of it runneth the showld somewhat off with a point, being past it, go on west-south-west, all along by the foresaid showld, until that the great steeple of Boston come over the second Mill; there it is good anchoring by the west shore in five fathom at low water. He that cometh there at low water, must anchor and stay for the tide until half flood, before that you may not sail further in from thence, and then you shall not also find more than two fathom upon the showldest.  
From thence to Deep lieth in along by the beakons about south to the third beacon, being past that w. s. w. and then by little and little more westerly and northerly, but run all along by the beakons, leaving them on the starboard side, at last on north into the River.  
Upon the point of the River standeth a house, which is a sheep house, before that you come by it, it seemeth as if there were no opening, by reason that it is all even green land, run in by it, all along by the land, being past it, the River doth open itself. Being come within the points, you must run in betwixt two dikes, a league up, until you come before the Town, in the River it is at half flood every where deep enough. When as that you come a little within the houses of the Town, on the larboard side, there you must let fall your anchor, and stay until that the water begin to fall, than you shall have flood enough for to drive to the Key, there you must fast with one Cable, it doth not begin to ebb there, before that water be fallen three foot.  
An east and west Moon maketh in Boston deep the highest water, but before the Town an east and by south and east-south-east Moon. He that cometh from Boston, and will sail out at the deep with a high water, let him look out for the foresaid high-land within Lagernesse, when that cometh behind the point of Lagernesse, than he may boldly set his course whether he desireth to be, either to the eastwards, northeastwards, or northwards, there is no thing then that can hurt him.  
From Lagernesse to Hommer it is about seven leagues, most north, betwixt them both, about a league to the southwards of the Hommer lieth a place called Saltfleet-haven, a little to the northwards of a sharp steeple called Wilgrip. 
Plate by Saltfleet Haven.  Thwart of that foresaid Saltfleet-haven, about an English mile from the shore, lieth a bank, or sandplate, not very great, which at low water falleth almost dry, you must run about without it, and leave it lying towards the land from you, but yet for need you may also sail through within it.  
For to sail into the Hommer coming from the northwards, 
For to sail into the Hommer.  you must sail along by the shore, and run about by the north point, but coming by the point you must keep somewhat off from the shore in four or five fathom, for to avoid a little tail, which lieth off from the point, being about it, run to the little Island, which lieth a little by west that foresaid n. point.  
If coming from the southwards you desire to sail to the Hommer, then bring the paul steeple (which is a high sharp steeple standing on the north side of the Hommer) a little by south the north point of the Hommer, or over that foresaid little Island, and sail so right in with it, until that you come by that little Island, being come by it, leave it on the starboard side, and run in close by it, for to avoid a great sand called the Bull, which lieth off from the s. shore almost unto that little Island. When that you come within that little Island, then bring the two Beakons (which stand upon that little Island) one in the other, keep them so standing, and sail so on the westwards towards Grimsby, you leave the buy upon the Bull, lying then on the larboard side, and run along to the northwards of it: In this fair way it is seven and eight fathom deep. You may not come nearer the Bull, 
Road before Grimsby.  then in six fathom. Before Grimsby you may anchor in three or four fathom at low water, it floweth there at least three fathom up and down, a west-south-west, and east north-east Moon, maketh before the Hommer, the highest water. Within the foresaid little Island, at the n. point of the Hommer, you may anchor in three or four fathom, there lie commonly ships that are bound out, and tarry for the wind.  
From Grimsby in along to Hull, the Course is w. n. w. to the end of the bank, or ballast plate, which you must leave lying on the n. side. On the s. side there lieth also a little plate, there standeth commonly a Beacon upon it, that you must leave on the larboard side, and run along to the n. wards of it, being past it, you may run along by the south shore in three fathom. The fair way there is four, five, and six, and thwart of the said Beacon, eight and ten fathom. When you come to the end of the bank, you must edge up to the w. wards about by the point on the s. side, but there runneth off a Flat which you must avoid. Being a little about that point, you shall see the Town of Hull lie before you, there you may anchor before it in six, seven, or eight fathom: an e. and w. Moon maketh full sea before Hull. He that will anchor upon the Ballast plate, let him bring the flat steeple, which standeth a little to the n. wards, or the e. wards of Hull to the high point of Pael, and keep them so standing until that he come to the Plate, there it is best for to anchor upon it.  
From the n. point of the Hommer, 
Flambrough head.  called Spurn-head to Flamborough-head, the Course is n. and by w. eight or nine leagues, betwixt them it is showld water of six, seven, and eight fathom deep. Flamborough-head hath many white spots, and chalk hills, especially upon the n. side toward Fyley. Flamborough hath a Head or Pier. A league to the w. wards of it, on the s. side, lieth a little Town called Burlington, which hath also a Pier. 
Burlington.  You may anchor there in the buy in six or seven fathom.  
Three leagues by west Flambourgh head lieth Fyley, 
Fyley.  in a round bay to the southwards of a point that lieth out, which hath a Pier or Head, where you may lie within it, but it falleth there dry at low water.  
Without the head of Fyley lieth a rock under water, 
Fyley bride.  called Fyley bridge, betwixt it and the Pier you may well lie afloat with a ship of an hundred lasts, in five fathom at low water, and have shelter for a n. e. and e. wind.  
From Scarbrough the Coast lieth along by Robbin-hoods bay, until before Whidbye, 
Robbinhoods' bay. Whidbie.  most n. w. but past Whidbie the land falleth in w. n. w. and by little and little more westerly unto the Tees.  
Robbinhoods' bay is a good road for a s. s. w. and w. wind, there men lie in seven or eight fathom.  
Whidbie is a tide-haven, which falleth dry at low water, at the e. side of the Haven, runneth off a riffe of rocks, whereof you must take heed. For to sail in there, you must run in betwixt the two Beakons, until that you come in betwixt the two lands, and anchor there.  
From Whidbie to the Tees the Coast lieth most w. n. w. and w. and by n. about seven leagues, 
Huntleyfoot.  betwixt both lie Huntleyfoot, and Redcliffe. Huntleyfoot is a high hill, lying on the seaside, about four leagues to the eastwards of the Tees. 
Redcliffe.  Redcliffe lieth about half ways betwixt Huntleyfoot and the Tees, it is a cliff of such very red earth, that when the sun doth shine against it, it is to see to like red cloth: these two are very good marks for to know this Coast by.  
Close to the southwards of the mouth of the Tees lie three riffs, which lie about a half league e. n. e. into sea, which are very foul and stony, and fall dry at low water, upon the n. side they are very flat, so that you may sound about by them in five, six, and seven fathom, but on the s. side are so steep that coming near them, and sounding in thirteen and fourteen fathom, you should be upon them, before you should be able to heave the lead the second time.  
A league and half to the n. wards of the Tees lieth Hartlepoole, upon a point that lieth out almost like an Island. For to go in there you must run in to a bite to the southwards of the Town within a head, until you come against the Town, there you shall lie dry at low water.  
About half ways betwixt Hartlepoole and the Tees, 
Hartlepoole.  runneth off also a riffe of rocks thwart from the shore, a good ways into sea, come no nearer it than five or six fathom. There standeth a Mill to the northwards of the Town Hartlepoole, if you keep that to the west side of the Town Hartlepoole, than you cannot sail upon that foresaid riffe, but if you bring the foresaid Mill a little to the westwards of the Town, so that you may plainly see through betwixt the Mill and the Town, than you shall not fail to sail upon that riffe.  
For to sail into Teese coming from the northwards, 
For to sail into the Teese.  you must observe these marks following. A good ways to the northwards of Hartlepoole, a little to the southwards of Sonderland, and a little within the Land, lie upon the high-land two Hammocks, one close to the other, very good to be known, 
The Paps.  of fashion like women's breasts, called the Paps, keep these two Hammocks even without the point of Hartlepoole, which shall then stand from you n. w. and by n. and sail so on to the southwards, and you shall fall before the Teese, and shall not sail too near the sands that lie out before the mouth of the Teese, and lie off about a half league into sea.  
On both sides, as well on the n. side, as the s. side of the Teese, stand two little white houses for firebeakons: If you come from the n. wards, and get sight of them, then bring first the two southermost one in the other, which shall then stand from you s. and by e. sail right in with them, until that the other two, which stand on the n. side of the Teese, come also one in the other, then leave them on the s. side, and sail in right with them that stand on the n. side, and so you shall run in amidst the channel, there is upon the bar, or showldest, at low water, no more than five foot, but it floweth there with a common tide, at least two fathom, up and down. A s. w. Moon maketh there full sea. If when you come from the south wards, you will sail into the Teese, then bring the innermost of the two firebeakons (which stand on the n. side) at least a handspikes length, or the length of a capstone bar, to the n. wards of the other, and run so w. wards towards them, until that the two firebeakons on the s. side are one in the other, then sail in right with them, as hath been said, until that two firebeakons on the n. side come one in the other: when you have them one in the other, run in right with them, until that you come by the n. shore, and then close along by it.  
When as that you come so fare in past the first fire-bea-beakon, to wit, that you may see Hartlepoole betwixt the two firebeakons, there you may anchor in three, four, or five fathom, or when Hartlepoole cometh betwixt the foresaid firebeakons, then go s. s. w. until that you come by the s. shore, there it is also good ankoring. Further it is Pilots water unto Stockton, for there within, the Deeps do shift oftentimes, and that in short time, three, four, or five times in a summer.  
He that will sail in there with northerly winds, and a flood, must reckon well his tides, for the flood falleth strong to the southwards over the grounds, and should there be lightly carried behind the bank to the s. wards of the buy, which lieth upon the point of the bank.  
Besides this foresaid channel, 
For to sail in to the new channel.  there runneth yet another channel through the grounds, which lie off from the n. point of the Teese. For to sail in there, you must take mark of the two high lands within the land, to the s. wards of the Teese, bring them within a handspikes length one of another, or bring the Paps to the w. side of Hartlenope, then shall also the two foresaid high lands come within a handspikes length near one to the other, sail in right with them, and so you shall run right into that new channel, along through that aforesaid land, and come against the buy (upon the sands, on the s. side of the Deep) again in the right fareway. When that you get again deeper water, or have the two firebeakons on the n. side one in the other, then go in towards them, and further, as hath been before said.  
About seven leagues to the n. wards of the Teese, lieth the River of Sonderland, a little to the n. wards of the Paps, which are very good marks for to know the land by thereabouts. When the Paps are s. s. w. from you, and that you are about an English mile from the land, than you are right before the River of Sonderland, the ground is there about indifferent clean, but somewhat stony, you may anchor there in four, five, and six fathom. On both sides, as well on the n. point, as the s. point of the River, it is stony. On the n. point standeth a Beacon in the water, there you must run in, within a little ships length along by it, being past that, you shall get deeper water, to wit, a fathom and a half, and two fathom at low water, but upon the bar remaineth no more than three foot: with a common spring and high water there is about two fathom and a half, or a little more.  
After this aforesaid first depth of a fathom and a half, 
Sonderland.  or two fathom, you shall meet again with a stony floor, about three ships length broad, upon it is at high water about eleven or twelve foot deep, according as the Tides shall run, being over it there, it is again deeper. A little past that is a narrow place, where a long ship shall scarce be able to wend within it, it is wide enough, and every where good ground.  
From the Teese to Tinmouth the Course n. n. w. eight or nine leagues. Tow leagues to the fourth wards of Tinmouth lieth the point of Sonderland, but close to the s. wards of Tinmouth goeth in the river of Newcastle. From the point of Tinmouth shooteth off a ledge of rocks, you must sail in by it, leaving it on the starboard side. The marks for to sail into the River, are two firetowers, or firebeakons, which stand upon the n. shore, bring them one in the other, or the innermost (that is the highest) a little to the n. wards of the outermost or lowest, and sail so right in along by the aforesaid ledge of rocks on the n. side, and so you shall have upon the showldest two fathom at half flood: a s. w. Moon maketh there full sea. The s. shore is flat, you may lead it in there with the sounding pole for ships that go not deep, in ten foot at half flood. When you come within, run all along by the n. shore, until past the little Town Sheels, edge then over to the other shore, until you come through the crooked reach, there the river lieth up again to the n. wards, and then to the s. wards, to Hawke-bil, and about by it to the Town Newcastle.  
Seven or eight leagues to the n. wards of Tinmouth, 
Bly.  lieth the Cock Island, betwixt them both about half ways lieth a River called Bly, where the French men do much sail to fetch Coal. From the n. point of this River runneth off a ledge of rocks a great shot of a cast piece about s. e. into the sea, but the s. side, and the Coast to the s. wards of it is very clean and sandstrand. Upon the s. point stand two Beakons, if you will sail in there, bring them one in the other, and sail right in with them, and then you can take no hurt of the foresaid ledge or riffe of the n. point. When that you come by or thwart of the outermost of the two foresaid Beakons, you shall see there by it another smaller Beacon, that standeth upon a little ledge of rocks, that shooteth off from the s. point, leave that on the larboard side, and run in along close about n. wards of it. The foresaid ledge of rocks on the n. side remaineth at high water (a good ways from the land, and also at a spring tide) above water, within it is a bite, there it is good lying for a n. or n. e. wind, and there remaineth at low water two fathom depth. In the mouth of the River it is with an ordinary tide, and high-water, about two fathom deep, or somewhat more, and it floweth there two fathom up and down, so that at low water it falleth almost altogether dry.  
The Cocker Island is a very little Island, 
Cocker Island  and not high, it lieth about a half league from the land, you may come to an anchor in it for an e. s. and s. e. wind, but the wind coming to the n. wards of the e. maketh there a bad road, for you must lie betwixt the Island and the main land, where you have no shelter for a n. wind. On the s. side of the Island the ground is foul, and a little to the s. wards of the Island runneth off a foul ledge of rocks from the shore until thwart or past the Island. He that cometh from the s. wards must keep the Coast of Bambrough without the Island, or else he should not fail to sail upon the point of that foresaid ledge.  
Betwixt the ledge and the Island it is also very narrow, so that a man standing at low water mark upon the rocks of this ledge, should almost be able to cast with a stone to the Island. For to sail in there, take heed unto these marks hereafter described: There standeth a house upon the seaside, which is a Salt-kettle, and also a Castle somewhat further in within the land, which doth show itself high enough, bring them one in the other, and then they shall stand somewhat more n. then w. from you, and run in so right with them, and so you shall run in amidst the channel, between both, being come within, edge up behind the Island, and anchor there in five or six fathom. 
Staples.   
About this Island there run also many more divers little Rivers into the land, but they fall most dry at low water.  
From the the Cocket Island to the Staples, the Course is n. n. w. eight or nine leagues. The Staples, that are high Islands & rocks right to the e. wards of Bambrough, lying at least three leagues from the land n. e. into sea, a little to the n. wards of them, lieth the Holy Island, 
Holy Island.  to the s. wards or the w. wards of the Holy Island is a Bay, where you may lie landlockt almost for all winds, against the Castle is the best road: you may also run in there from the s. wards, through betwixt the Staples and the main land.  
Betwixt the Staples and the Holy Island, lie two sunken rocks, which at low water come very near, 
Goldstone Plough.  even within the water, the westermost towards the Holy Island, is called the gold stone, the eastermost by the Staples, is called the Plough. For to avoid them when you will sail through betwixt the Staples and the Holy Island, whether you come from the s. wards or the n. wards, then bring the steeple of Toustenbrough over the Castle of Bambrou, and keep them so standing, & then you shall run through betwixt them both, this channel lieth so through n. e. and s. w. From the outermost end of the Staples to S. Abbens head, the Course is n. w. seven or eight leagues.  
From Holy Island to S. Abbens head it is n. n. w. seven or eight leagues. 
S. Abbens head.   
To the n. wards of S. Abbens head men do run in unto Lieth and to Edenbrough in Scotland.  
S. Abbens head, and the Island Bas lie e. and w. four leagues asunder. The Island May and S. Abbens head, n. w. and s. e. four great leagues. May and Bas lie one from the other, s. w. and by w. and n. e. and by e. three leagues and a half. 
The Bas.  The Bas is a high round Rock, clean round about, which you may sail along by on both sides. Betwixt the Rock and the s. shore it is ten and twelve fathom deep, but the common fair way is along to the n. wards of it. Between S. Abbens head and the Bas, it is most part a clean Coast, but without anchor ground. The Island May is greater than the Bas, and also very clean round about, 
Island May.  except on the e. side, there it is foul.  
From S. Abbens head along to the n. w. of the Bas, the course is w. and by Nore, and w. n. w. four leagues, and from n. by the Bas to Inchkieth w. and w. and by n. about five leagues. 
Inchkieth.  Between the Bas and Inchkieth by the s. shore lie many rocks, little Islands, and foul grounds, where at divers places is road, but not to be used, but by them which are there very well acquainted. Inchkieth and the Island May lie s. w. and by w. and n. e. and by e. seven great leagues asunder. Inchkieth is somewhat a long small Island, a league to the n. wards of it lieth an out-point on the n. Coast called Kingornesse, 
Kingornesse.  before it and about it lie some little Rocks under water, but a little to the e. wards of the point is good anchor ground, and road for westerly winds. Between that point and the Island May, or the point of Fifines on the n. shore lie divers little havens, whereof some of them do also yield out Coals, but are little or nothing used by the Hollanders. On both sides of the Inchkieth is good ground, and good lying, as well for w. or e. winds.  
From Inchkieth to Lieth it is s. e. a league. 
Lieth.  Before Lieth about half an English mile from the shore lieth a Rock, upon which standeth a Mast (with a cross or some other thing of wood upon the top of it) for a Beacon. At high water the sea floweth over it, and at low water it falleth dry. With a spring tide at low water men may go on foot to it. From the e. side of that Rock lieth off a Riffe almost unto Inchkieth. You may also run through to the s. wards of Inchkieth, betwixt that foresaid riffe on the s. shore, but it is not to be done but by them which are there exceeding well acquainted, there it is altogether full of rocks and foul ground. When as you sail in to the n. wards of the Inchkieth you must leave the foresaid Mast on the larboard side, and run about to the n. wards of it, and then towards the s. shore, and anchor about half an English mile by w. Lieth, and also half an English mile from the shore, in six, seven, or eight fathom. Lieth is the Haven of Edinburgh, a tide Haven which falleth dry at low water.  
From Lieth to Queen's Ferry there lie on both sides many Rocks, some above and some under water. 
Queen's Ferry  In the Narrow before Queen's Ferry lieth a little Island called Inchgrave, which you must run along to the n. wards of, on the s. side it is with a stone bank (where men may go over at low water) fast to the main land: along to the n. wards of it is clean and deep. Within that little Island lie Caryn and other places more where men do lad Coals.  
Under the e. side of the point to the n. wards of Queen's Ferry, is good road in two, three, or four fathom, according as you lie far from the shore.  
A league n. from the Island May lieth the point of Fifsnes, 
Fifsnes.  lying from S. Abbens head n. w. and by n. five great leagues, from thence to Dondee it is n. n. w. five leagues. Dondee is a good Haven, 
Dondee.  which goeth in betwixt two high lands, being within men do anchor before the Town. Farther in upon the River, lieth another Town called S. john's, which you may go up to at high-water. 
S. john's.   
Between the point of Fifsnes and Dondee lieth also the Bay of S. Andrew's, there is also good anchor ground. 
S. Andrew's.  Four great leagues n. and by e. from the point of Fifsnes, and n. e. from S. Andrew's, 
Inchkap.  lieth a great Rock called the Inchkap, which the sea floweth over at high water, and at low water it falleth so dry that the Fishermen go upon it.  
Seven leagues to the n. wards of Dondee lieth Monros, 
Monrosse.  a good Haven. First you must sail in there amidst the Channel, and then edge up to n. wards, and anchor before the Town.  
Betwixt Dondee and Monrosse lieth an out point called Redhead, 
Redhead.  about a great league to the s. wards of Monrosse. There standeth a high Tower upon the Land called Albrot.  
From Monrosse to Stone-bay, 
Stonebaey.  or De Torre, the Course is n. e. and by n. four leagues. This is a deep bay, and a good Haven for those that are bound to the s. wards, where men may lie land-lockt with many ships.  
Three leagues to the n. wards of it lieth Aberdine; 
Aberdine.  in this Havens mouth it is three fathom deep. The w. point is somewhat foul, therefore you must run in by thee. land, until you come within the Haven, and anchor before the Town in four or five fathom. Up to the n. wards is a great Bay, but is showld on both sides. There goeth through a little Creek towards old Aberdine, which is an old ruinous Town.  
From Aberdine to booknesse the Course is n. n. e. 12 or 13 leagues. 
bookness.  Betwixt them both lieth a tide-haven. Booknesse is a high Hill, and lieth upon the s. side of the point. To the n. wards of Booknesse lieth a Bay as a Haven, called Spy, 
Spy.  or Spilaers, from thence the land lieth in w. and w. s. w. unto the Haven of Rosse or Luvernes.  
To the n. wards of Rosse lieth an out point called Cape Terbate, right in the bottom of the bay betwixt catness and bookness, distant from bookness about 19 or 20 leagues. 
Ceterbate.  In this Bay are many Havens and Sounds, which are deep enough for to come into with great ships. It is from thence to Catnes 26 leagues n. e. and by n. catness lieth from bookness n. w. and n. w. and by n. 21 or 22. leagues. From bookness unto the outermost Orkanes it is n. and n. and by w. two and thirty or three and thirty leagues.  
The Orkneyes are one and thirty Islands in number, first Wayets or Elhoy, which lieth next to Scotland, five leagues about the point. About n. n. e. off from the point of catness, lie two little Islands, Pits and Pichlantsscare there you may run through to the w. wards betwixt Elhoy and Scotland.  
To the n. wards of them lieth an Island called Heynda, with another Island called Platta, to the n. wards of Platta lieth Mayland or Ponoma. On the n. side of this great Island are all the Havens where the ships come to.  
Upon the e. side of this great Island lieth another Island called Kabunsa, to the n. wards of it lieth another Island, at the n. e. point of the great Island, you may also run through there towards Papewester, and leave Sand a lie on the starboard side.  
Close to Papewester lieth Fara, to the s. wards of it is Sirza, to the e. wards of Sirza and Fara lie two Islands, in the midst of all these Islands, called Eeda and Chapnoza.  
Sanda lieth to the n. wards of all these Islands, but Papa and Stronza lie to the s. wards of Sanda.  
To the e. wards of Stronza lieth an Island called Culstella, that is the eastermost Island of all, the northermost is called Ronalze or Northernanse.  
Eleven or twelve leagues n. w. from the great Island lie two Rocks, the one under water, and the other above water, he that cometh from the w. wards must take heed of them.  

Of the Depths and Showlds about these Plates, and in what Depths men may see the Land.  
Thwart of Winterton and Cromer, 7 or eight leagues from land, it is eighteen and nineteen fathom deep, and there you may see the land. N. e. and n. e. and by n. from Cromer, lieth a Bank, whereupon remaineth at low half flood no more water them four fathom, from thence you may see the land indifferent well.  
N. and by e. from Blakenry lieth a Bank whereupon remaineth at half flood no more water than five fathom. In eighteen fathom thereabouts you may see the land. From thence to the point of Chapel it is all showld.  
About n. n. w. and n. and by w. from Winterton-sand lieth the bank before Crommer, five leagues without the Coast.  
To the n. wards of the Hommer of Hull you may see the Land in twenty five fathom.  
Flambrough-head men may see the land in five and thirty fathom.  
Scarbrough men may see from below in five and forty fathom.   

Of the Tides, and Courses of the Streams. about these foresaid places.  
Before Cromer a s. e. Moon maketh high water.  
At Blakeney, Wells, Bornum, and Lyn, a e. & w. Moon.  
Before the Hommer of Hull an c. n. e. & w. s. w. Moon.  
From Blakeney to Flambrough-head the flood falleth s. e. and the ebb n. w.  
At Flambrough and Fyley, in the Peer, a w. s. w. Moon maketh full sea.  
At Scarbrough and Robbin-hoods bay a s. w. and n. c. Moon.  
In the Teese and at Hartlepoole also, a s. w. and n. e. Moon.  
Before the River of Newcastle, a s. w. and n. e. Moon maketh also the highest water.  
Thwart of Flambrough-head, Scarbrough, the Teese, and also thwart of the River of Newcastle, the flood falleth s. e. and the ebb n. w.  
To the n. wards of the Teese, the flood falleth s. s. e. along the land, and from the Teese to Scarbrough s. e. and by e.  
On the Coast betwixt Tinmouth and S. Abbens head, a s. e. and n. e. Moon maketh High-water.  
At Lieth in the Haven, a s. w. and by w. Moon, maketh full sea.  
The flood falleth along these Coasts s. s. w. and the ebb n. n. w.  
At Orknes and bookness a s. w. and n. e. Moon maketh high-water.  
The floods come about from behind Scotland, from the w. wards through betwixt Fairhill and Orknes, and make there about full sea with a s. w. and n. e. Moon.  
From Booknesse the flood falleth s. along the Coast towards Lieth, and the ebb n. to the contrary.  
In this fareway it is deep forty, fifty, and sixty fathom, in forty five and fifty fathom you may see the Land. In this fareway in the summer the first Herrings are caught.   

How these Lands do lie one from the other, and from other Lands.  

From Cromer to Blackney, w. n. w. 3 or 4 l.  
From Blackney to Bornum through within the sand west 7 l.  
From Boruum to Chappel w. s. w. 2 l.  
From Chapel to Elleknock, or the n. point of Boston-deep, the Course is n. w. and by n. 5 l.  
From thence to the n. point of Cromer, n. and n. and by west 7 l.  
From the n. point of Hommer to Flambrough head n. n. w. 9 l.  
From the point of Crommer or Shield to the Tessel e. 40 or 42 l.  
From the n. point of the Crommer to the Tessel e. and by s. and e. s. e. 60 l.  
From Flambrough-head to Fyley, n. w. 3 l.  
From Fyley to Scarbrough n. w. 2 l.  
From Scarbrough to Whidbie, n. w. and by w. 5 l.  
From Whidbie to the Teese, the Course is first w. n. w. and afterwards w. and by n. 7 l.  
From the Teese to Tinmouth n. n. w. 8 or 9 l.  
From Whidbie to Tinmonth, is n. w. and s. e. 16 l.  
From to Cocker Island n. n. w. 8 or 9 l.  
From Tinmouth to Staples n. and by w. 16. l.  
From Staples to Barwick w. n. w. 3 l.  
From Barwick to S. Abbens head n. n. w. 5 l.  
From the Staples to S. Abbens head n. w. 8 or 9 l.  
From S. Abbens head to the Bas, w. 4 l.  
From the Bas to Inchkieth w. and w. and by n. 5 l.  
From S. Abbens head to the Island May, n. w. 4 l.  
From S. Abbens head to Fifines, n. w. and by n. 5 l.  
From Fiftines to Dondee, n. n. w. 5 l.  
From Tinmouth to Scuytenes n. e. 104 l.  
From Tinmouth to the Naze n. e. and by e. easterly, 130 l.  
From Tinmouth to the Scawe, e. n. e. 136 l.  
From Tinmouth to Holy land, e. and by s. easterly 106 l.  
From Fifines to Stone-bay, n. and by e. 16 l.  
From Redhead to Monros n. w. 4 l.  
From Monros to Stone-bay, n. e. and by n. 4 l.  
From Stone-bay to bookness n. n. e. somewhat n. 16 l.  
From Aberdine to bookness, n. n. e. 12 l.  
From bookness to Phyloort, or Spyloort, n. n. w. 3 l.  
From Phyloort to the point of Elgyn, west 10 l.  
From the point of Elgyn to the Haven of Rosse, or Luvernesse, w. and by s. somewhat southerely 7 l.  
From Cape de Terbate to Catnes, n. e. and by n. 16 l.  
From bookness to Elhoy, w. n. w. 5 l.  
From bookness to Catnes, n. w. and n. w. and by n. 21 l.  
From bookness to the Orkanes, n. and by w. 26 l.  
From bookness to Hanglip, or the s. end of Hitland, n. and by e. 53 l.  
From bookness or Scuytenes e. and by n. 69 l.  
From bookness to the Naze, e. somewhat s. 88 or 90 l.  
From bookness to Bovenbergen in Jutland, e. & by s. 104 l.  
From bookness to Holy land, s. e. & by e. easterly, 123 l.  
From bookness to the Tessel, s. e. southerly 125 l.  
From bookness to the Holmes before Yarmouth, s. s. e. somewhat easterly 96 l.  
From Aberdine to the Holmes before Yarmouth, southeast and by south 93 l.    

Heights.  

Yarmouth lieth in 52 degrees, 52 minutes.  
The n. point of the Hommer of Hull in 53 d. 20 m.  
Flambrough-head lieth in 54 d. 5 m.  
Scarbrough in 54 d. 12 m.  
Tinmouth, or the River of Newcastle in 55 d.  
S. Abbens head in Scotland in 56 d. 12 m.  
bookness lieth in the height of 75 d. 50 m.  
catness in 58 d. 32 m.  
The greatest or the outermost Island of the Orkneyes in 59 d. 8 m.     

The Third Demonstration.  
Wherein Are set forth the Coasts of Fairhill, Hitland, and the Islands thereabout, as also the Island of Fero, and some Islands behind the Northwest corner of Scotland.  
THe Island Fairhill lieth from the e. point of the Orkanes n. w. and from bookness n. and by w. about 37 leaguer. 
Fairhill.   
On the w. side of Fairhil is at some places foul ground, but upon the s. e. side is good anchor, there you may anchor every where.  
Fulo lieth from Fairehill n. w. and n. ten leagues, 
Fulo.  betwixt them both lieth the southermost point of Hitland, lying from Fairhill n. n. e. seven or eight leagues, and from Fulo e. and by s. four leagues.  
The s. w. Coast of Hitland (to wit from the southermost point to the n. w. point) lieth northwest and by north, seven or eight leagues. On the same s. w. side over against the Island Fulo lieth a Sand-bay, where men may anchor, but on the e. side of this bay it is somewhat foul. From that northwest or west point off to the n. end, the land of Hitland lieth north-east and south-west, seventeen or eighteen leagues.  
Two leagues to the n. wards of the foresaid w. point, lieth the Haven of S. Magnus, 
S. Magnus.  which is a broad Sound, within it is good anchor ground in sixteen or seventeen fathom depth, according as you shall be far within the land. On the north side lieth a high Rock, which you mustrun in to the southwards of. And on the s. side lieth two or three Rocks, which you must leave on the starboard side, when you sail in there.  
Even to the eastwards, about the s. point of Hitland, lieth a fair Sand-bay, where you may anchor in twelve or thirteen fathom, from thence to Hanglip the Course is n. e. somewhat westerly nine or ten leagues.  
Betwixt Hanglip and the south point lieth an Island, 
Hanglip.  which you must sail about on both sides, within it lieth Hambrough Haven, or the Scottish Haven, which is a lade place for the Hamburgers and Scots. There lieth also a high steep point to the s. wards of Hanglip, 
Hambrough Haven.  to the southwards of it men do run into Broad Sound, the chiefest Haven of all Hitland, which is deep & hath clean ground, there men do lie handlockt for all winds.  
From the Broad Sound lieth a Sound in along to the northwards, 
Broad Sound.  through the land, which cometh out again into the Sound to the northwards, and so maketh an Island of the land whereupon the high hill Hanglip lieth. When as you will sail in there from the northwards, that is, to the northwards of Hanglip, you must run in nearest by the south shore, and edge to it betimes. In this channel betwixt both lands lie two Islands or Rocks, the greatest lieth nearest the north shore, and the smallest nearest the south shore, betwixt them both lieth also a sunken Rock, which at low water is uncovered, and at High water you may know it by the breaking upon it. When as you will sail in here, you must leave the foresaid greatest Rock, with the sunken Rock, on the starboard side, and the smallest Rock on the larboard side, there is upon the showldest three fathom and a half water.  
Within this Haven lie also two Havens at the n. point, which lie into the land, where is good lying.  
When as you will sail from this foresaid Haven through within unto the Broad Sound, you shall meet scarce half ways with a Rock, from which lieth off a riffe towards the west shore, thwart of it you must run close along by the west shore, for to avoid that riffe.  
To the northwards of Hanglip, the land of Hitland lieth n. n. and by e. and n. n. e. at last north, and at some places you may sail in through Hitland, especially to the northwards of Hanglip, where a fair broad Sound lieth northwest through, there is good anchor ground to find at some places, for those that are there acquainted. From Hanglip to the n. e. point of Hitland, the Course is n. n. e. ten leagues, there lie some out-rocks called the Outscares. From thence along to the n. point of Hitland, 
Outscares.  the Course is n. about four leagues.  
A little about the east point goeth in a fair Haven called Bloem Sound, lying in south-west. 
Bloem sound.  On the west side lieth a long Rock, you must sail in to the eastwards of it, and anchor a little within the Haven, it is there within all clean sand ground, and good lying. Bloem sound lieth in first (as hath been said) south-south-west afterwards, south and south and by east, on both sides is good anchor ground, there you may sail altogether through, and come out again through Jellesound into sea, about the Island Fero.  
The greatest and chiefest Islands of Fero, 
Names of the Islands of Fero.  are 12 in number: as Suydro, Satrdo, Moggenes, Wage, Stromo, Ostro, Calso, Cuno, Bordo, Wydro, Sreyno, and Fulo.  
The little Islands of Fero are ten, as Little Dymen, Stoer Dymen, Schuyvo, Dalifles Hesden, Trallo, Colster, Moggesholme, the Monk, and the Bishop. Besides these are yet some Rocks, and little Islands, to seven or eight in number.  
The southermost great Island, called Suydro, 
Suydro,  lieth most south-rast, and northwest, about seven or eight leagues. At the s. e. end of this Island lieth a high Rock, called the Monk, 
Monk Somby.  or Sombie, after the name of the first or south-ermost Haven in Suydro. Betwixt the Monk and the s. e. end of the Island Suydro, is a Race or Well, which men must avoid, especially with spring tides.  
Upon the west side of the Island Suydro, are no Havens for to save any ships in, but it is altogether high steep land. On the north side are may Havens, where men may sail into and save ships, as Sommersound or Hest, Hofwyke, Urobie, Quaelbie or Rane, all broad sounds of Havens, a Countryman or Pilot can bring you in there every where to your desire.  
From the northwest end Suydro to Moggenesholme, 
Moggenesholme.  the westermost and outermost Island of Fero, the Course is northwest, and by north, and north-north-west, about eight or nine leagues.  
At the east end of Moggenesholme lieth Moggenes, to the eastwards of it lieth the Island Wage, 
Moggenes. Wage.  and to the eastwards of Wage goeth in a fair sound from the southwards off from the Island Sando, about Hesten, and the Island Colster, for you may run in about these Islands on both sides, and leave the great Island Stromo on the east side, and so come into Wage. In the midst of the Sound of Wage, goeth up a haven to the eastwards into the great Island Stromo, therein you may anchor in ten or twelve fathom, but the Sound is at least twenty fathom deep.  
Moggenes and the north-east end of Fero, lie east-north-east, or a little more northerly, and west-south-west, about fourteen leagues asunder. Betwixt them both lie ten Islands, and betwixt each Island, is a fair broad and deep sound, whereof the fourth off from Moggenes is called Somsound. All these Sounds lie most north-north-west and south-south-east through the land, and upon all these Islands stand Churches, 
Somsound.  except upon Ostra, which nevertheless is a great Island.  
From the southeast end of Suydro to Scalhead, or the southeast end of the Island Sando, the Course is north and by west about five leagues. Betwixt Suydro and Sando lie the little Islands, Little Dymen, Stoer Dymen, 
Little Dymen Stoer Dymen.  Schavo, and Dalsfles.  
From Scalhead until within the Island Mulso (lying before Stromo) the Course is n. and by w. four leagues, there you may every where anchor, where you will, in twenty, thirty, or forty fathom. 
Stromo.  If any man coming in out of the sea, desireth to see a good road or haven, under the Islands of Fero, he shall keep that middlemost great Island Stromo n. w. and n. w. and by w. from him, and then he shall see upon the midst of the Island Stromo, a high steep hill called Schelling, 
Schelling.  which he must sail right in with, and so he shall meet with that foresaid Island Mulso, a low Island, which you may sail about on both sides, but it is best for to run in there at the s. south end, under the Island is all over good anchor ground. Right over against this Island, on the great Island, 
Torshaven.  lieth Torshaven, the chiefest Haven of Fero, where all the trade of Merchandise is.  
From Torshaven or the Island Mulso, to the north-east end of Fero, the Course is north-east, and north-east and by east, about twelve or thirteen leagues, betwixt them both lie seven Islands, and betwixt each Island, as hath been said, goeth a broad sound through the land, lying through about northwest, northwest and by north, and north-north-west. The north end of Fero is about four leagues broad, and lieth northwest, and southeast, 
Fulo.  and is called Fulo, thwart of it lieth the Bishop.  
He that desireth to sail off from Mulso into Somsound, let him go on northwest and by north, three leagues, unto the point of Bordenes, 
The Bishop.  up northwest off from Bordenes, and then he shall espy a Church upon the Island Calso, which he must leave on starboard side, and go in along west-north-west until he come into the bite of the Island Ostro, and anchor there in seventeen or eighteen fathom.  
These Island of Fero lie in a triangle, it is from the s. e. end of Suydro to Fulo, or the n. end of Fero n. n. e. and s. s. w. twenty one leagues asunder.  
From Scotland westwards, and to the northwards of Ireland, lie many Islands, whereof we shall here describe some with so much perfectness as thereof is yet known.  
The names of the principal Islands lying there, are these: 
Names of the Islands.  Areu, Ila, Jona, Mulla, Bragedall, Hun, Lewis, St. Patricius, St. Maria, St. Golane, St. Petous, Epth, and St. Kilda, these are the greatest; there are yet some small Islands, as Rona, Chent, Trauta, Fladde, Grand Melul, Petit Melul, Stalpan, Cannay, Rum, Egghe, Mule, Cut, Crandenbrough, Gronsay, St. Karbo, Lismont, Swynoy, Machare, Gegay, Caray, and Navarsay. All these Islands do lie and belong under Scotland, and are those which by the Cosmographers are called Insulae Hebrides.  
The Island Bar or Rona is the northermost Island lying behind Scotland, 
Bar, or Rona.  and lieth from Fulo about w. s. w. thirty seven, or thirty eight leagues, it lieth by two other little Islands about a great league one from the other.  
The Islands of Lewis lie from Rona south-west distant sixteen or seventeen leagues, and from the north end of Lewis to S. Kilda, it is s. w. and w. sixteen leagues.  
On the east side of S. Kilda is a good road for a w. and n. w. wind. This Island lieth by the other little Islands, whereof the two are not very great, upon that which lieth to the westwards you may see some houses stand, and these two little Islands lie ten leagues to the westwards of the great Island of Lewis. Upon the coast of Lewis lie also two rows of great Rocks, like as if they were little Islands lying one from the other south and north, somewhat easterly, about seven or eight leagues.  
The southermost lie by three little Islands, but the northermost lie by eight small little Islands or Rocks.  
The Island of Lewis is divided into many parts, the which men may sail through at many and divers places. Lewis with the Island belonging to it, lie s. s. w. and s. and by w. about twenty nine leagues.  
But on the east side goeth a broad sound through of five or six leagues. Men sail in close by the Island of Lewis, about s. s. w. until past the Island Cheut.  
From thence the Sound lieth through betwixt the great Island Bragadul and Lewis, s. and s. and by w. towards the west end of Lewis, called the Ephts, than you must leave Mulla and Ila, with many other Islands on the larboard side.  
Jona, Ila, Mulla, and Bragadul, are four of the greatest Islands which are lying on the west coast of Scotland, and lie close by the main land, but there are many Havens and Sounds, so that there you may sail in and about them every where.  
At the n. w. point of Ireland lie also some Havens, which you may sail through and round about them all.  
Betwixt Rona and Orkney lie also some Islands, which also you may sail through betwixt, and round about.  
He that falleth with these Islands, must be very careful and circumspect, for the most part of them are inhabited by wild and savage people.  
In Lewis and the Islands thereabouts, a s. w. and n. e. Moon maketh the highest water: and likewise also without the n. point of Scotland.  

Of the Tides, and Courses of the Streams.  
In Hitland within the Havens and Sounds, a s. s. w. & n. n. e. Moon maketh full sea. The flood runneth there to the eastwards, and the ebb to the westwards, especially at the s. end and n. end of Hitland, and so fall thwart through the sounds and havens.  
In the Islands of Fero a n. and s. Moon maketh the highest water.  
Under the Islands of Fero go very hard tides, with great turn, the flood cometh there out of the west, and w. n. w. and the ebb out of the e. and e. s. e. and fall so along through the Islands, there you must reckon your tides thereafter: When you will sail from the one Island to the other, there are two Wells, or Mealstreames, the one at the s. end of Suydro, and the other a league within Scalhead, at Quaelnes.  
Although the tides do run so strong through these Islands, yet nevertheless it floweth not there four foot up and down.   

How these Lands do lie one from the other, and from other Lands.  

From Fairhill to the north-east point of Orkneyes, south-west 9 or 10 leagues.  
From Fairhill to the south-end of Hitland, south-south. west, and south and by west 7 or 8 l.  
From the north end of Hitland, to the Rocks of Rocol, west-south-west 127 or 128 l.  
From the south end of Hitland to Fero, west-north-west, and northwest and by west 61 l.  
From the north end of Hitland, to the s. end of Fero, w. and west and by north 58 l.  
From Hitland to the east point of Island, the Course is n. w. and by w. about 130 l.  
From the north end of Hitland to Gryp north-east and by east 125 l.  
From Hitland to Stadt east-north-west 67 l.  
From Fero to Rona the course is s. and by e. 45 or 46 l.  
From the s. end of Fero to Rokol s. w. westerly 85 l.  
From Rona to Lewis the course is s. w. 16 l.  
From the n. end of Lewis to S. Kilda s. w. 16 l.  
From the s. end of Lewis to the n. w. point of Ireland, the Course is s. s. w. about 27 l.  
From S. Kilda to the n. end of Hitland, north-east and by east 39 l.    

Of the Heights of these Lands.  

The s. end of Hitland lieth in 52 deg. 48 min.  
The n. end of Hitland lieth in 60 deg. 45 m.  
The s. end of Fero lieth in 61 d. 15 m.  
The n. end in 62 d. 20 m.  
The Island of Rona lieth in 58 d. 46 m.  
The n. end of Lewis lieth in 58 d. 18 m.  
The Rock Rocol lieth in 58 d. 20 m.  
The northwest point of Scotland lieth in 30 minutes. 58 deg.   
FINIS.