A DESCRIPTION OF THE Funeral Solemnities, Performed in the Church of Nostre-Dame, at PARIS: To Honour the Memory of his Excellency the Lord HENRY de la Tour D'Avergne VISCOUNT TURENNE, Colonel General of the Light Horse, And Marshal General of the Field and Armies of Lewis the XIV of France. Wherein are represented the most Remarkable passages of his LIFE. Done into English out of French, by a Gentleman that sometimes had the Honour to serve under his Command. LONDON, Printed in the Year MDCLXXV. The Design of the Funeral Representation. AS Marshal Turenne was no less Pious than Valiant, so it seems not unreasonable to bring in the Christian and Military Virtues, as Mourners to assist at his Funeral, those kind of decorations being both Christian and Military; they are Christian since they are practiceable in the most Sacred places, and in our most Holy mysteries, whither the faithful are invited to Celebrate the Memories of great Souls; and they are Military, because they are representatives of their most Heroic Actions, wherein their Valour and Piety are equally praised. The first Object that offers itself to the spectator's eye, is a Trophy of Arms, Colours, Drums, Trumpets, etc. over the Portal of the Choir of our Lady's Church, under which stands Virtue armed, holding in her hand a Church Banner, which is the Arms of the House of Avergne, whereon are written these Verses of the Tenth Book of Virgil's Aeneids. Stat sua Cuique dies; Breve & irreparabile tempus Omnibus est vitae, Sed famam extendere factis Hoc virtutis opus. Which is, That there is a peremptory day set to every mortal by the Eternal Wisdom, beyond which none shall pass, that the time of Man's life is short, and once over, never to be retrieved, and that it is Virtue alone that can make us survive Death, by the memory of our good deeds, On both sides of her, stand two great Skelletons, holding with one hand the Crown of a Prince, and a Leading-staff; with the other a marble Table, in which is Graven this Inscription. Piis & Heroicis Manibus HENRICI à Turre Vicecomitis TURENNII Magistri Equitum & Castrorum Praefecti MOERENS GALLIA Funus Celebrat publicum. Adeste Cives Adeste Milites Adeste boni Omnes Et lacrimas Cineri date. Terrorem hostium GALLIA; Heroem Artes Bellicae; Salutis publicae assertorem Regni Ordines Amisere. In English, Mourning France pays her last Devoir, in these Funeral Rites, to the memory of Henry de la Tour Viscount Turenne, Colonel General of all the Light horse, and Martial General of the Field and Armies of his Majesty. You Citizens, Soldiers, and all good men that honour his memory, assist at his Funeral and weep over his Ashes. France lost in him the terror of her Enemies, Mars has lost a Hero, and all the Orders of the Kingdom, the assertor of their Peace. This Funeral was ordered by his Majesty to be publicly performed, Nullum funus publicum fuit nisi à Senatu decerneretur. Jac. Guth. de Jure manium ●. 2. c. 1. Addit equos & tela, quibus spoliaverat hostem; Indutosque jubet truncos hostilibus Armis, ipsos far deuces, inimicaque nomina figi. Æn. 〈◊〉. and all the Orders of the Kingdom to be there assistant. It was usual among the Ancients, when a Prince or General of an Army, did not survive his Victories, that he might receive the Honour of a Triumph, to dress Trophies about his Tomb, and make them be carried by Officers and Soldiers in the procession of his Funeral; it was so practised in the Funeral of Pallas. The same thing was done for Marshal Turenne, who fell in Battle. For besides the Escotcheons of his Arms, which were hung upon all the Pillars and Columns of the Church, there were eighteen Trophies consecrated to his Heroic Achievements in these last Wars. They might have represented all the Fights and Battles wherein he has been personally engaged, since he was but thirteen years of Age, when first he bore Arms under his Uncle the Prince of Orange, at the siege of Boisleduc, all the occasions in which he Commanded, all the Cities and Fortified places which he took: But as his last Actions were as glorious as any others of his Life, and that many of the Spectators of this Funeral pomp, might have been eye-witnesses of them, it was thought fit to illustrate these, concluding, that if eighteen Trophies were but the Achievements of three or four years, it might easily be judged what were the wonders of a Life so illustrious as his for the space of threescore and four years. The Inscriptions of these Trophies were, I. Arce Skenkiana expugnata, The taking of Skinkscons. II. Noviomago, Bomelia, Arnhemio, Buricio, Crepicordio subactis, The taking of Numigen, Bomen, Arnheim, Burick Crevecoeur. III. Tribus oppidis ad Visurgium spectante hoste Captis. The taking three Towns upon the Weser, in the face of the Enemy. iv Ob Hermunduros intra fines cohibitos. Blocking up the Enemy within Franconia. V Ob repressos Hermiones & ad pacem coactos. For repelling the Brandeburgers, and forcing them to a Peace. VI Marcomannis & Suabis territis. For having terrified the Misnians and Suabians. VII. Ob profligatos Nervios'. For defeating the Borderers upon the Rhine. VIII. Hostibus aditu prohibitis. For keeping the Enemy from entering into Lorraine and Champagne. IX. Caesarianis retrocedere Coactis. For forcing the Imperialists to repass the Rhine. X. Treboccis in ordinem redactis. For obliging those of Strasburg to stand to the Neutrality. XI. Direptis spoliis. For taking the Enemy's Baggage. XII. Signis Direptis. He retook the Colours the Enemy had taken. XIII. Ob Rhenum, Salam, Maenum, Issalam, Vahalim, pontibus Junctos & superatos. He passed the Rhine, the Main, and divers other Rivers, to come to the Enemy. XIV. Ob Accisas quatuor praeliis Germaniae vires. For gaining the four battles of Zint Zim, Ent-Zim, Mulhausen and Turqueim, where he routed the chief forces of Germany. XV. Ob servatam Alsatiam. For defending Alsatia, and the Towns of Brisac and Philipsbourg. XVI. Duci Invicto. more the Invincible Captain. XVII. Patri Castrorum. He was truly a father to the Soldiers. XVIII. Victori, Pio, Foelici, & Sapienti. All these Trophies were counterfeited in Brass, and placed betwixt great Escotcheons, surmounted with Cornets or Horse Banners, to show that he was Colonel General of the Light Horse; and surrounded with a great Mantle of Ermines, such as the Princes, Dukes, and Peers of France give in their Arms. The Mausoleum or Funeral pile, The Italians call these Mausoles, Catafalque, but this word not being used but by Painters and Sculptors, was not made use of in this description; the Greeks & Latins using only the word Mausoleum. Joseph. hist. Jews. placed in the middle of the Choir, was a round Tower upon a Mount, betwixt four great Palm-trees, charged with Arms and Trophies, and Crowned with three Crowns, a Prince's Crown, a Crown of Laurel, and a Crown of Stars, between every tree were Flower de Luce's. Over the Tower the four Virtues upheld an Urn, after the manner of the Ancients, shaped like a Tomb, upon which Immortality trampling upon Death carries the Image or Picture of Marshal Turenne towards Heaven. By this is meant the Tower of David, Adricomius interpreter of the Canticles upon these words. so famous in Holy Writ, built upon Mount Zion, fronting four ways, the Temple, the King's Palace, Sicut Turris David vidi. Collum tuum. Cant. 4 the Arsenal, or Armoric, and the public Schools, and had as many Gates towards these several Buildings; a thousand Shields hung at the Arches or Niches, and Windows thereof; this Tower was equally an ornament and safeguard to the City of Jerusalem. The Mausolea of Princes have frequently been erected in form of a Tower. The Tomb of Augustus, and that of Adrian, were made in this shape, the Books of the Ecclesiastical Ceremonies, call the Coenotaphe, or place of Representations, Castrum Doloris, because they anciently were built like Towers, haply because Towers are the Emblems of Princes, Cum ceciderint Tueres. Isa. 30. and Great men in sacred Oracles. The Name of Turenne, and the Achievement of his House, which are a Field Azure parsemè of Fleurs de Lys Or, a Tower Argent; seem to make this Application of the Tower of David more happy, and particular to this Subject. Which likewise makes the four Gates of this Tower, applicable to the four peculiar Virtues of Marshal Turenne, to his Piety, to his Steadfastness in the King's Service, to his Valour, and to his Wisdom, and therefore was written upon the four frontispieces or faces of the Urn, these four words. Religioni. Fidei. Fortitudini. Sapientiae. They thought fit likewise to place these Inscriptions, Adricomius in Theatro terrae s●nctae. Domus Fortium. Turris Fortitudinis. Sapienta aedi ●cavit. Prov. 9 after the Ancient model of the Tower of David, which to the East faced the Temple, to the South the House of the Mighty, from whence perhaps it was called the Tower of Valour, to the North the King's Palace, and to the West the House of Wisdom. The four Virtues that create a Hero are these, Religion makes him an honest man, Fidelity a man of Honour, The Author happily meant the 4 Cardinal Virtues, prudence, fortitude, patience, temperance. Prudence a man of understanding, and Fortitude a man of courage; He that was master of these four Virtues, was the vir quadratus of the Ancients. The four Virtues that bear up the Urn, are Religion, Ex quatuor literis hujus nominis. Nescio qua ratione Turrim quadratam conficiunt. Joad. Quir. d'Sallazar in c. 18. Prov. Turris fortissima nomen domini, ad ipsam currit justus & exaltabitur. Fidelity, Valour, and Wisdom. Religion hath written upon her Breast the ineffable Name of God, composed of four Hebrew letters, which the Rabbins disposed into the form of a Tower, which made the Wise man say, that the Name of the Lord was a very strong Tower, where a good man should find his refuge, and whence he ought to take his rise and glory. This Virtue with one hand bears up the Urn, and in the other carries one of those kind of filver Towers, which the Primitive Church used for Lamps, of which for the most part the Sockets in which the Light was set, were made like Dolphins. This Tower and these Dolphins, show no less the Character of Marshal Turenne's Family, than his own singular Piety, since that of the Tower of Avergne, is the same with that of the Tower of Pin, branches of the third Race of the Ancient Dolphins. The Emblem of Fidelity, is a Tower with Keys, there is nothing shows more the fidelity of Governors, than their care in defending the places committed to their trust. The Symbol of Fortitude is a Tower furnished with all sorts of Arms, for its defence. Wisdom device, is a Watch-Tower to discover a great way off, whatever sails upon the Sea, whose use is to show Vessels the Harbour, and how safely to get to it, as well as Rocks and Shelves, and how prudently to avoid them. Upon the Shields that hung upon the Walls were painted the Royal Ensigns Armorial of France, Navarre, Arragon, Castille, England, Portugal, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Sicily, Bohemia, Cyprus and Scotland. The Imperial Coat Armours of Nassaw, Bavaria, Saxony and Austria. Also the Achievements of Sovereign Families, as of Savoy, the Ancient Dolphins, Mantua, Lorraine and Hesse, to which the House of Tours of Avergne is Allied, and from which by matches it descends. The Representations are placed betwixt the four Gates of the Tower, Equester ordo suscepit urbique intulit atque in vestibulo domus collocavit. Suet. in August. after the manner of former Ages, in which it was usual to expose the Bodies of Princes and Illustrious persons, at the Gates of their Palaces; Suetonius says, that the Roman Knights carried the Body of Augustus, and placed it at the Gate of his Palace. There were branches of Laurel, Extructosque Thoros obtentu frondis inumbrant. XI Aencid. Palm and Cypress, about the Representation; Virgil describing the Funeral of Pallas, puts branches or bows of trees about the Hearse. The four Trophies that hung upon the four Palm-trees about the Tower, did represent Marshal Turenne's Victories in Germany, Italy, Flanders and Catalonia, which are the four frontiers of France. The three Crowns that seem to grow upon those trees, Dabo tibi Coronam vitae. Apoc. 2. In reliquo reposita est mihi corona justitiae. 2 Tim. 4. and to Crown the Trophies, are the Crowns of our Birth, Life and Death, of which mention is so often made in the sacred History, and they are applicable to Marshal Turenne, more properly than to many others, since he was born in greatness, which is represented by the Crown of a Prince, he lived in the midst of Combats and Victories, which is shown by the Crown of Laurel, and died in the bed of Honour, which is signified by the Crown of Stars; giving to understand that to be a true Hero, it is requisite to be high born, to perform great and glorious Actions, and to die with Honour, as Marshal Turenne did. The Palms were intermixed with Flower de Luce's, environed with rays, to show that Marshal Turenne made the splendour of his Birth, Life and Death, serve to augment the Glory of France. Under these Trees stood Honour, Reputation, and Glory, bewailing the fall of this great Man, but Reputation and Glory were writing his Name and Character upon great shields or bucklers, to render his Memory eternal; under their feet these Monsters lay in Chains, viz. Envy, Rashness, Precipitation, Cowardice, Self-Interest, Impiety, etc. The Ancients reckoned their years by branches of Palm, because that Tree puts forth every month a new branch, so that twelve branches of Palm signified a Year amongst the Egyptians and Jews, it was enough to represent here, the four ages of Marshal Turenne, by these four Palms; his Infancy, his Youth, his Manhood, and his Old-age, all which he spent in exercise of Arms, which he began to wear at the age of thirteen, under the Prince of Orange his Uncle by the Mother, at the siege of Boisleduc, where he was made Captain of Foot, and since advanced through all the Military degrees, Tu largus Eoa germina, tu messes Cilicumque Arabumque superbis merge rogis; ferat ignis opus haeredis, & alto aggere missuri nitido pia Nubila Caelo, stipentur Cineres. Stat. l. 3 Sylu. in lacrim. Hetrusci. to the supreme dignity of Marshal General of the Field and Armies of the King, in which he ended his days. The Ancients did not only Embalm the Bodies of Great men, to preserve them from corruption, but also burnt perfumes over their Tombs, which in process of time became a kind of Sacrifice, the smoke of these perfumes naturally soaring upwards, made them believe their smell ascended up to Heaven, with which they fancied their Gods were much pleased. Orpheus a famous ancient Poet, did not only offer Incense to his fictitious Gods, but likewise to the Memory, the Judgement, Justice, Death, Victory, and to all the Virtues. It was believed that the Virtues and great Actions of Marshal Turenne, did merit perfumes of this nature; and even his Death, which happened as fatal to France, as it was glorious to himself. For this very reason upon the prebend's Seats all round the Choir, were placed several antique faces, born up with brass bases or brackets, couched upon back marble, out of which did issue Death's heads of silver, crowned with Laurel, with bat's ears of silver, being the Emblems of Night and Death, upon each of these antiques stood a vessel of Porphiry fuming; betwixt these antique faces or fronts were placed Towers of silver, whence flamed sweet odours and perfumes, because the Ancients used to set little Boxes like Towers upon the Tombs of their Hero's, every Tower was environed with four Flower des Lys of Gold, in which, as well as on the antiques, were placed flambois and great wax lights. Under these faces were set two and thirty Hieroglyphics upon the Birth, Life, Glorious Achievements, Virtues, and Death of Turenne, as first, To show the greatness of his high descent, was painted a Spring rising out of a high Hill, with this Motto, Oriens ex Alto. He comes from a high place. It is necessary your Spring Head be at least as high as the place to which you would make your water rise. It was one of the advantages Marshal Turenne had over many others, to be allied to all the Crowned heads in Europe. II. A Heliotropion or Sun-flower, growing upon a very high stalk, which it shadowed with his leaves like rays. Caelsae stirpis honos. He is the Honour of his race or stock. Marshal Turenne was an honour to his House by his glorious Actions. III. An Eaglet in an Eirye, clapping his wings, and looking towards a great Eagle that flies in the air, with this of Virgil, Et pater Excitat. His father does encourage him. The great actions of Henry de la Tours, Duke of Bovillon, and Prince of Sedan his father, did raise his youthful courage to an inclination and propesinty to warlike exploits, even from his childhood. iv A young Lion following an old one, with this of Virgil, Æmulus in certamina. He will fight in his company. He followed his Uncle at 13 years of age, to the siege of Boisleduc. V A squib afire in the air. Incandescit eundo. It takes fire as it goes. So Turenne as he grew in years, so he advanced in Courage, and love to warlike actions, which he made appear at the siege of Sauerne, where he received a wound with a Musket bullet, being then Colonel of a Regiment of Foot, which to his dying day bore his Name. VI A Ship in a storm, with this of the third Ode of Horace, Audax omnia perpeti. Bold to suffer all. VII. Never did the fatigue of War shake his resolution, in which he rather took delight; which is expressed in the seventh Emblem, which was an Elephant charged with a wooden Tower full of armed men, with this of Virgil, Nec me labour iste Gravabit. Nor shall that weight oppress me. VIII. A Porcupine. Omnis mihi vita sub armis. I pass my life in Arms. To show the great inclination he always had for his Majesty's service; IX. A young Eagle soaring up to the Sun. Arduus at Solem. To express his exactness in observing his Majesty's Orders in all his Marches and erterprises; X. A Sun Dial that has no other motion but that of the Sun, which it exactly nicks with his shadow. Observata sequor vestigia. I punctually follow his motion. For his Valour in taking of Dunkirk, Furnes, Bergen, Dixmund, Ipres, Ninove, Oudenard, Comines, and so many other Towns; XI. A Granado in the Air. Et magnas territat Vrbes. He makes the greatest Cities shake. XII. A great Eagle followed by many lesser, with this half Verse of Lucan's ninth Book of Pharsalia, Monstrat tolerare labores. He trained up to the exercise of Wars the Duke of Bovillon, the Count of Avergne, the Marshal of Duras, and the Count de l'Orge his Nephews. For his Piety, and duly praying to God morning and evening; XIII. A double Sun-flower hanging with his head towards the Sun, Et sanctum sidus Adorat. He adores the great Planet. Quamvis radice tenetur. Though he be fast to the Earth by his roots, yet he still looks towards Heaven, and turns to the Sun. XIV. Cannons planted upon a Battery pallisadoed, Coepti fiducia belli. The assurance of a war begun. The King in these last Wars looked upon him as one of his chief helps in all his Enterprises, and entrusted him with the greatest designs of the Campagne. For his Wisdom, Conduct and Experience, in Military Affairs, arguing a man of a solid judgement; XV. A battering Ram. Vis in Capite est. His strength is in his Head. For his Valour in forcing the Enemy's trenches, XVI. A flame from a Mine blowing up a Bastion. Negata tentat iter Via. He makes way where he finds none. XVII. A Watch, with a hand winding it up with a Key, with these words of Ennius, Cunctando restituit rem. By staying it, he sets it forward. To show Marshal Turenne's Address, when he understood the Enemy were in Alsatia, with intention to invade Lorraine, he feigned a retreat, and passing with his Army by a place called Lapetit Pierre, he coasted the Mountains of Vauge, and taking his march through straits, he fell into the Enemy's quarters when they least expected him, and forced them to repass the Rhine at Strasbourg, where of threescore thousand men they had brought into Alsatia, scarce twenty thousand got back. Thus the great Fabius defeated Hannibal, of whom Ennius, Vnus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem. XVIII. A Lion walking majestically, sweeping with his stern or tail the tract of his footsteps, that it might not appear where he passed, with this of Horace, Et sapiens & fortis. Both valiant and wise. He knew very well how to hid his designs from the Enemy, and always appeared to them to the best advantage, though he often was weaker than they in number of men. XIX. For his vigour in matter of war, even in his old age, An old straight tree loaden with fruit. Non Anni domuere. His years have not abated of his strength. For the Justness of his soul in his conduct and great actions, XX. A Chesrook upon a Chessbord, Nunquam à recto deflectit. It goes always by direct ways. For being disinteressed, never looking after self ends, XXI. A loadstone drawing Iron to it, without touching upon pieces of Gold that lie about it. Non tangitur Auro. Gold has no power over him. At his Death he had but five hundred Crowns in money, and very few days before, he had borrowed a considerable sum of money to part of the Army, he could never be persuaded to touch great sums, which he might have commanded in those Campaignes he passed in Germany. XXII. For his conversion to the Catholic Religion, A ship tossed in a storm, a pharus or light house upon the Sea coast, which at once shows him the shelves and the haven. Erranti dant clara incendia lucem. By the help of this light he finds his way. XXIII. For the love the Soldiers bore him, being the effect of the great esteem they had for his merit, The master Bee leading a swarm. Pro stimulo exemplum est. His example was a sting. The King of Bees has no sting like the rest, but enforces obedience by still going before them and keeping in their company every where. XXIV. The morning star going before the Sun. Ducem hunc nec habere recusat. He willingly follows such a guide. The King did Marshal Turenne the honour to be his Scholar, and to learn of him the Art and Mystery of War. XXV. A blood hound following a herd of Dear through Woods, over Mountains, and Rivers, Per Juga, per Fluvios & Sylvas. He followed the Enemy through Woods, Mountains and Rivers. Upon his Death, XXVI. A Palmtree thunderstruck, whose branches are shattered and broken. Quot fata huic invidere triumphos? Of how many triumphs do the fates rob him? When Marshal Turenne was killed, he was upon the point of performing one of the greatest Actions of his Life; being ready to involve the Enemy's Army in a total ruin. XXVII. A Cannon shot overthrowing a Tower, which in the fall crushes a great number of the Enemy, Et dum Cadit opprimit hostem. Even in his fall he destroys the foe. The Enemy were defeated a few days after his Death, by the directions he gave before he died. XXVIII. A Poppy without leaves, the head or crown only remaining, Non omnis moriar. I shall not all dye. Though Marshal Turenne be dead, the memory of his Herock Actions can never die, which will crown him after his death. XXIX. A vast Colossus overthrown, and broken in pieces; with these words of the 7th of Pharsalia. Quis fuerit scire licet. Now may be seen what he was. XXX. We might make use of these words of Plinius, speaking of the Colossus Rhodius when it was thrown down, Et Jacens miraculo est. The worth of this great Hero never appeared more advantageously than since his death. XXXI. Eight Stars and the Sun set, Vnius occasu. The setting of this Planet makes many rise, meaning the eight Marshals of France, created by the King immediately after Marshal Turennes death. XXXII. An Iris or Rainbow dissolving in dew and rain, Desinit in Lacrimas. The splendour, the merit, and the virtues of this great man, is the cause of our tears. This great and pompous representation ends in a great Inscription, which is as it were a dismissing of the assisting spectators, after the ancient custom of the Romans, where a Herald was appointed to dismiss the Mourners with these words, Illicet or Irelicet, th●t is, you may withdraw This was a large night piece, wherein was represented a Marble Tomb, carried by Griphons', leaning upon Globes, which are the Emblems of Immortality, upon this Tomb Marshal Turenne was painted, lying in his Armour, and leaning upon his right arm, with a leading staff in his left hand. On both sides of the Tomb, stood Christian Virtue, and Military virtue weeping, the one over his Helmet, the other over a Crown of Laurel, two great Squeletons draw a curtain, to show behind the Tomb a Pyramid, a l'antique upon the top of which was an Urn, upon the Pyramid was graven this Inscription: Abi viator, Et post Impensas TURENNII Triumphalibus manibus LACRIMAS; LUDOVICI MAGNI Munificentiam demirare; In hoc sacro Regni sui Capitolio, Parentat Duci Optimo Inter hostium Manubias; Vbi Victori Trophoeum statuere Maluisset. Augusto Principi Vitam impend Quisquis Gloriam Amas; Qui vivos donis auget Regiis, Sic mortuos Luget. In English thus; Passenger depart, and having shed some tears over Turennes Tomb, admire the magnificence of Lewis the Great, who commands this last honour to be paid to the memory of this Great Captain, in the midst of Trophies and spoils taken from the Enemies; where he had been more willing to have erected triumphal Arches for him, than a Funeral pile. You that love honour lay down your lives for so great a Prince, who so plentifully rewards those that serve him, and causes such honour to be given to the memory of those that die for him. FINIS.