A DIARY of the Siege of COLCHESTER by the Forces under the Command of General FAIRFAX. depiction of the city of Colchester and environs The SIEGE of COLCHESTER By the Lord Fairfax, As it was with the Line and Outworks 1648 depiction of a compass rose with the cardinal points depiction of Colonel Fothergall's fort Col Fothergall's Fort depiction of a horse guard Horse Guard depiction of a foot guard Foot Guard depiction of Fort Suffolk Fort Suffolk depiction of Fort Rainsborough Fort Rainsborough. depiction of Fort Bloyes Fort Bloyes depiction of Colonel Fothergall's quarters Col. Fothergall's quarters. depiction of Colonel Harvey's quarters Col. Harvey's quarters depiction of Colonel Gourdon's horse quarters Col. Gourdons Horse quarters depiction of a horse guard Horse Guard depiction of a foot guard Foot Guard depiction of Colonel Bloyes 'quarters Col. Bloyes his quarters depiction of Colonel Sir Thomas Barnadileons quarters Col. Sir Tho. Barnadileons' quarters depiction of Colonel Whaley's horse quarters Col. Whaley's Horse quarter's depiction of Fort Whaley, including Grinstead Church and a foot guard Fort Whaley Grinstead Church. Foot Guard depiction of the derelict Hythe mill Water Mill depiction of a horse guard Horse Guard depiction of a water mill Water Mill depiction of Colonel Scroops quarters of horse Col. Scroops quarters of Horse depiction of Col. Ingolesby's quarters of foot Col. Ingolesby's quarters of Foot depiction of Colonel Ewer's quarters of foot Col. Ewers his quarters of Foot at first depiction of a horse guard Horse Guard depiction of a horse guard Horse Guard depiction of Colonel Ewer's military camp Col Ewers Leaguer depiction of the great broom heath The great Broom Heath depiction of Fort Ingolesby Fort Ingolesby depiction of the town's waterhouse the Town Waterhouse depiction of Grinstead's burnt house Grinstead house burned depiction of Lucas 'house Lucas house depiction of St. John's Benedictine abbey S. john's Abbey depiction of Trinity Church Trinity Church depiction of the Castle the Castle depiction of St. Peter's Church S. Peter depiction of Maudline Chapel Maudlin Chap. depiction of St. Mary Magdalene's Hospital S. Mary magdalen's depiction of the Hythe Hithe depiction of the Grey Friars Franciscan priory Black Friars depiction of the Crutched Friars Roman Catholic friary Crouchet Friar's depiction of Fort Needham Fort Needham. depiction of Mr. Barrington's house Mr. barrington's House depiction of Colonel Fleetwood's horse quarters Col. Fleetwoods' Horse quarter's depiction of Fort Essex Fort Essex depiction of Fort Barkstead Barkstead Fort depiction of Lexden headquarters Lexden head quarter's depiction of a foot guard Foot Guard. depiction of a horse guard Horse Guard. depiction of Colonel Cook's foot quarters Col Cook's Foot quarter's depiction of a cannonade Train of great Guns depiction of Colonel Hunniwood's foot quarters Col. Hunniwoods' Foot quarters depiction of five companies of Colonel Barkstead's regiment quarters 5 Comp. of Col. barkstead's Regt. quarters depiction of the dragoons 'guard and quarters Dragoons Guard and quarter's depiction of a horse guard Horse Guard depiction of the General's quarter of horse The General's quarter of Horse depiction of two of the Lieutenant General's horse troop 2 Troops of the Lieut. General's Horse depiction of four companies of the Lord Warwick's regiment 4 Comp. of the Lord of Warwick's Regiment depiction of Colonel Harlackenden's horse quarters Col. Harlackendens Horse quarter's depiction of the Colne River Colne River depiction of Suffolk Road Suffolk Road depiction of London Road London Road depiction of Malden Road Malden Road depiction of a road to the Hundreds Road into the Hundreds depiction of Merrie Road Merry Road depiction of Cambridge Road Cambridge Road depiction of East Street East Street depiction of Maudline Street maudlin Street A. S. Martin's B. S. Rumbals C. S. Tenant Chap. D. S. Nicholas E. Allhalows F. S. james G. S. botolph's H. S. Gyles I. North Gate K. East Gate L. botolph's Gate M. Shore Gate N. Head Gate O. High Street P. East Street Q. Botolph Street. &. S. mary R. Wyer Street S. Cow Street T. Middleborow V Bouchers W. More-elm Lane X. Trinity Lane Y. S. Martin's Lane Z. Tenants Lane Tuesday June 13. The Lord Fairfax engaged in the fields bef●●● Colchester near St. Maries, the Lord goring Forces, together with the Forces under Command of the Lord Capell, and Sir charles's Lucas, and beat them into the Town; Colonel St. William Leyton and between 4 and 500 of the Kings Forces were taken prisoners. (200 of them being of Colonel Farrs Regiment.) and in pursuit of the rest. Col. Barkestead, with his Regiment, entered the Suburbs as far as head-Gate, and entered the Gate, but being overpowered there, and out of the Churchyard, the Kings Forces Barricadoed the Gate. (leaving near 500 men to our mercy:) yet notwithstanding those foot, and Col. needham's fought many hours after in hopes to gain the Town at that place, but could not, the King's Forces making good resistance; there were slain of the King's Forces, Col. Sir William Campion. Col. Cook, and divers Officers of quality, and about 80 private soldiers; Col. Panton. Captain Brunkerd. Clifford, Worse op, and divers other Officers wounded. On General Fairfax's side Col. Needham. Capt. Laurence of Horse. Capt. Cox of foot and near 100 private soldiers and inferior Officers were slain: when we entered the Suburbs, the Lord Goring was Summoned but returned an Answer not becoming a Gentleman: The Word of the King's Forces at the Fight was Charles, the ground they fought upon. Maries: C …. Gods— our help. The Forces under the Command of General Fairfax engaged in the Fight before Colchester, June 13. 1648 As also the names of the chief Commanders and persons of Quality of the Lord goring Forces engaged at that Fight. General Fairfaxes Forces engaged in that Fight. Part of the General's Regiment of Horse, being 4 Troops, Commanded by Major Desbrough. Of Col. Whaleys Regiment, 6 Troops, Commanded by himself. Of Col. fleetwood's, 5 Troops, Commanded by Major Coleman. Three Troops of Commissary Genl. Iretons, Commanded by Captain Cecil. Two Troops of Dragoons, Commanded by Captain Freeman and Captain Barrington. Of Foot. Col. Barksteeds Regiment Commanded by himself, consisting of 10 Companies, about 800 men. Col. needham's Regiment, lately the Tower Regiment, Commanded by Col. Needham, being 7 Companies, and about 400 men. Part of Col. Inglesby's Regiment, of 4 Companies, Commanded by Capt. Grimes, 320 men. Of the Essex Forces. Col. Harlackenden● Regiment, of 4 Troops of horse, Commanded by Major Robert Sparrow; and Captain Turner's Troop of Dragoons. Sir Thomas Hunniwoods' Regiment of Foot. Col. Cooks Regiment of Foot, both which said Regiments consisted of Auxiliaries, and Trained bands. The County Forces of Essex left to secure Chelmsford and Mansden, two considerable Passes, left more Forces should resort from London to the Lord Goring. Colonel Henry Mildmaies Regiment of Horse, and two Troops of Dragoons. Part of Col. Carew Mildmaies Regiment of Foot, Commanded by Major Bard. The Suffolk Forces, who made good the Passes over the River at Nailand Stratford and Cadaway, lest the Enemy should escape towards Suffolk and Norfolk, were under the Command of Capt. Fisher, Captain Bradling, and Captain Sparrow, besides the assistance which Capt Ball, Capt. Cox, and the rest of the Sea Commanders gave to secure the River. The Suffolk Forces that came afterwards to help besiege this Town. Colonel Gourdons Regiment of Horse. Of Foot Regiments. Colonel Sir Thomas Barnadistons, Col. Fothergils', Col. Harveys, Col. Bloises. Of the Army that came up after the Fight. Col. Scroop, with 3 Troops of horse of his Regiment The Lord goring Forces engaged in that Fight. Of Horse. Lord goring Regiment. Lord Capulets Regiment. Sir William Comptons'. Col. Slingsbies'. Col. Sir Bernard Gascoignes. Colonel hamond's. Colonel Culpeppers. Of Foot. Sir Charles Lucas his Regimt. Sir George Lisles Regiment. Colonel Tilleys Regimt. Col. Tewk his Regiment. Col. Farrs Regiment. Colonel Gilburds Regiment. Col. Sir William Campions Regiment, himself slain. Colonel Burds Regiment. Colonel Bowmans' Regiment. Col. Chester's Regiment. Colonels who had no Commd. of Regiments, yet assisting at that Fight. Earl Louborough, Lord Hastings, Sir William Leyton, Colonel, taken Prisoner, and wounded. Col. Sir Richard Hastings, Colonel john Heath, Colonel Lee of Kent, Colonel Panton wounded, Colonel Cook slain. Colonel Sir Hugh Orelie, Quartermaster Gen. Col. William-Mexey, Col. Pitman, Col. Beal, Lieu. Col. Hatch slain, Major Jammot, Adjutant Gen. besides divers Lieutenant Colonels and Majors who were assistants, but had no Commands. Wednesday 14. General Fairfax perceiving the Lord goring Forces would not stand the field, resolved to sit down before the Town in order to a Siege (but being too few to Storm it) having not then nor when he first engaged, 1500 old Foot, and but about 1500 Horse, and two Troops of Dragoons, (besides the 2 Regiments of the Trained Bands, under Col Sir Thomas Hunniwood, and Col Cook.) the Lord goring Forces at that time being about 6000 Horse & Foot in Town, and the Town and Suburbs larger in Compass than Oxford, and would require 5000 men to Besiege it; appointed Lexden in the road to London for the Head-Quarter, where the greatest Body was to lie, to prevent more aid for coming from London to the Lord Goring, and kept strong Guards of Horse on Cambridge road on the other side the River, that they might not escape Northward to join with Sir Marmaduke Langdale, leaving no place open to them, but towards the Sea, where they could not go far; and the same day Our General sent a Party of Horse to secure Mersey Island, to prevent the King's Ships from coming into the River to relieve the Town; the Besieged scent Col. Tuke with a strong Party an hour after,— but came too late. Thursday 15. The Besiegeds Canon from the Royal Fort at St. Maries, played very hard killed several of our men, as they did the day before; some, as they were raising the first Work called Fort Essex, others as they were straggling in the field. Friday 16: Nothing of importance happened, but. 3 of Capt. Canon's men killed with a Canon Bullet. Saturday 17. A Trumpet sent in about the Exchange of prisoners, & this day the Besieged got provisions out of Tendering Hundred, which we could not prevent till the Suffolk Forces marched to our assistance. Sunday 18. We took 2 of their Frigates, the one with 10. the other with 11 Guns: & this day Col. Ewers came up with 6 Companies from Chepstow Castle: The Essex Foot under Sir Tho. Hunniwood & Col. Cook endured many Canon shot this day, and were very ready upon an Alarm. Monday 19 The party of Horse sent from the Leaguer under Major- Sparrow & Capt Wallingford engaged the King's Forces at Linton. (coming to assist the Lord Goring.) where Major Muschampe & others of the King's Forces were slain, & Master Reynolds, & others taken prisoners, the rest (about 500) dispersed. This day a Trumpet came from the Ld. Goring, prentending to desire a Treaty of Peace. Tuesday 20. Answer returned, if a general Peace was intended, that then it was proper for the Parliament to determine of that, and offered them in that answer Conditions, Viz. The Gentlemen & Officers to go beyond sea, and the Soldiers to go home, without prejudice. Wednesday 21. The Besieged returned a scornful answer, moving for a free-trade for the Townsmen. Thursday 22. A small Party of the Besieged sallied out to view a new Work (afterwards called Col. Ewers Fort)— but were instantly beaten in by Musqueteers. Their Canon killed two men of ours. That day the Lord Goring sent a summons to the Suffolk Forces at Callaway-Bridge, Comm dd. by Capt. Fisher, & Capt. Brandling, to join with him, which they refused Resolving still to adhere to the Parliament & Army. Friday 23. The Guns began this day to play from our new Battery, which much annoyed the Besieged at North bridge. Our General sent a Reply concerning his former offer, offering the same Conditions again to all in the Town, Except the Ld. Goring, Ld. Capell, and Sir Charles Lucas. Saturday 24. One of the Besiegeds Cannoneers was killed. This day the Suffolk Forces advanced out of their own County, & took up their Quarters upon Mile-end, over against the North-gate, being about 2500 Horse and Foot, leaving a guard at Cattaway, and Nayland, to secure those passes. Sunday 25. Nothing of importance. Monday 26. A party of Col. Barksteeds Foot (the Besieged having drawn out near the Almshouse) beat them from the Hedges, and from their Court of Guard, fired the Guard-house, and brought away the hourglass by which they stood Sentry. Tuesday 27. A Trumpeter went in with the Lady Campions Servant, with a Letter to her husband for she did not believe he was slain. Wednesday 28. Chewed & Poisoned Bullets taken from several of the Besieged. Affidavit made by those Soldiers of the Besieged who brought them out of Colchester, that they were given out by the Lord goring special Command. These Examinations were sent to the Lord Goring, with this Message from Our General, That his men should expect no Quarter hereafter, if they used such Bullets. This day early in the morning the Besieged, with a party of Horse, very boldly attempted our Horse Guards near St. Maries, shot a Scout, but were instantly beaten back. Thursday 29. They killed some Horse & Foot of ours with their great Canon as they shot against our men, at the making of Col. Barksteeds Fort, fired the House which was lately Sr. Harbottle Grimstons, & at night fired Mr. barrington's house, a party of the Besiegeds Horse advanced over the Bridge at East-gate, where Ambuscadoes being laid for them by our Dragoons, Lieut. Col. Hatcher, & divers other Officers & Soldiers of the Besieged, upon their hasty advance were slain: none on our part. Friday 30. Exchange offered for Sir Will. Massam, but refused. Saturday July 1. Col. Whaley possessed Grinsted Church. Sunday 2. Strong Guards kept that night to prevent the Besiegeds escape Northward, we having notice of their intention. Monday 3. & Tuesday 4. Little of moment happened, except a Porter; or Chamberlain coming from the Bell in Gratious-street stole into the Town, with Intelligence of the Earl of- Hollands raising an Army in & about London for their relief. Wednesday 5. The Besieged sallied out with a strong party,— Commanded by Sir George Lisle, surprised our Guard at Eastbridge, and gained two Drakes, but advancing to the Main Guard were routed by Col. Whaleys horse, Commanded by Major Swallow; 19 slain on the place, the Drakes recovered, and our former ground also; Lieut. Col. Weston, Lieut. Col. Weeks, and 80 & odd prisoners were taken, most of them sore cut for shooting poisoned bullets (20 of them died the next day) On our part, we had slain Lieut. Col. Shambrooke, and some others of Col. needham's Regiment, who were engaged, Capt. Moody on our side wounded & taken prisoner, and one Lieutenant & Ensign, & 40 private Soldiers of ours taken prisoners also. Friday 7. Col. Scroop sent from the Leaguer by our General, with a Regiment of Horse, to engage the Forces under the Duke of Buckingham and Earl of Holland: got into a body to raise the Siege. Saturday 8. News of Col. rossiter's routing the Pontefract Forces at Willoughby field, where 3 Troops of the Army were engaged, & many of the men wounded; Colonel General Sir Philip Mouncton, Major General Byron, & divers Officers of quality taken prisoners by Colonel Rossiter. Sunday 9 News of the Earl of Holland, and Duke of Burckinghams' being routed in Surrey, & of the Lord Villiers being slave by Sir Michael Leversey, & Major Gibbons, who Commanded a party of Horse of the Army. Monday 10. Several of the Besieged came away to us; new● came this day of the taking of 600 Horse in Northumberland, & of Sir Francis Ratcliff, Col. Tempest, Col. Grey, & other prisoners, taken by Col. Lilburn. Tuesday 11. We had a Gunner & a Matrosse shot, as they were battering St. Mary's steeple. News came this day of the Earl of Holland's being taken prisoner by Col. Scroop; & Sir Gilbert Gerrard, & others of quality, & that Col. Dalbeer was slain, and their whole force dispersed at S. Needs in Huntingdon shire. The 12 & 13. Little of moment happened, only Mr. john Ashburnham offered in exchange for Sir William Massam, but not accepted; and this day the messenger who came to Our General with a Letter of the taking of Waymer Castle in Kent, took his opportunity, and carried it into Colchester to the Lord Goring, and took up arms there. Friday 14. The new Battery being raised against St. john's, from the Lord Lucas house, 2 pieces of Canon played thence, made a breach in the wall: The Soldiers entered, fell on immediately, drove the Besieged out of the first Court-yard into the second, & thence into the Gatehouse, and the same day a— strong party of Horse & Foot fell upon the Hieth, & stormed the Church, & took all the Guard therein prisoners, being about 70. and that night we possessed ourselves of the Hieth, & a great part of the Suburbs, which much troubled the Besieged: the Suffolk Foot did well in this service Saturday 15. The Gatehouse being a place very considerable, & mighty advantageous for us. Our General resolved to storm the same, though it had a strong work before it; whereupon 6 Soldiers, for 3 shillings a piece, undertook to throw in Granades, and 20 men to carry Ladders for half a Crown a piece, & a Commanded party of Foot to storm, led on by Major Bescoe, which accordingly they did as soon as 8 piece of Canon had given fire upon the Besieged, and the Granades did great execution the Ladders were placed with much advantage, the Besieged much dismayed, forced to quit there— works, & fly into the Gatehouse, one Granadoe kindled their Magazine, and blew up many of the Besieged, the rest were taken prisoners, and slain; the prisoners confessed they were above a hundred in the Gatehouse & work, and few of them could escape, 13 at one place were pulled out the next day from under the Rubbish. This night the Besieged endeavoured to escape with their horse, Commanded by Sir Bernard Gascoign, and past the River between the North-bridge & middle Mill, and had the Miller for their Guide, but the Miller when he came in't oath Closes, ran away, and the Pioners after him, and our Sentinels giving fire, the Besieged retreated; The Suburbs was Fired in 6 or 7 places, which burned in a most-dreadfull manner all night long, that the Town might be seen almost as well by night as by day, so great was the flame. And on Sunday the 16. other Streets were set on fire, with design to consume the whole Suburbs, but by the industry of the Inhabitants & Soldiers it was prevented. This day our General had certain Intelligence. That an Army of Scots under Duke Hamilton, had invaded the Kingdom & joined the Cavaliers under Langdale. Sunday 16. Our General sent a Summons again to Surrender the Town: The Lord Goring, Lord Capell, & Sir Charles Lucas jointly returned Answer (in writing) under their hands to our General. That if the Trumpeter came any more with such a Summons, they would hand him up. The Conditions then offered to the Soldiers, was. Liberty, and Passes to go to their several homes, submitting to the Authority of Parliament. Monday 17. Again more houses were fired towards the North street, & other places. This day our General had certain News brought him of the Surrender of Pembroke Town & Castle, Langhorn, and Poyer submitting their lives to mercy. Tuesday 18. Their Horse again attempted to break through towards the North, but were beaten in again. Wednesday 19 Seventeen of the Besieged this day came— over to us, and their Horse were all drawn this day into the Castle-yard, & a certain number out of every Troop was chosen to be killed; and there were told in the Castle Baily, 700 horse belonging to the Soldiers. Thursday 20. They killed their horses; one Butcher ran away rather than he would do it. The Besieged at night drew out their Horse at 12 of the clock, and afterwards at 2 of the clock in the morning to escape, but our men were in such readiness they durst not advance. Friday 21. News came of Captain Batten's Revolt to the Revolted Ships, deserting the Parliament, and turning to the King. Saturday 22. Several Soldiers ran from the Besieged, much complaining of their Diet in horseflesh, & a Trumpeter was this day sent in again to expedite the Exchange of Sir Willm. Massam, for Mr. Ashburnham, but the Besieged refused it, as also to admit of the exchange of the rest of the Committee, though they had Gentlemen of very good rank offered for them (quality for quality) in exchange. Sunday 23. The Besieged roasted a horse near the North-bridge to make the Soldiers merry at the entrance into such Diet; this day our General had Intelligence of Col. Lambert's engagement with the Scots, near Appleby: where above 100 Scots were slain. Col. Harrison & others on our part wounded. Monday 24. Nothing of moment. Tuesday 25. The Besieged had a hot Alarm round the Town about 12 at night, and a party in the mean time fired the Middle Mill, with the loss of three men, and cut off a sluice, but the fire did not take, so the design proved ineffectual at that time; at the same time we shot 20 Arrows, (with papers of advertisement offered) into the Town, to undeceive the Soldiers; acquainting them with what Conditions were offered them, and shall still be made good unto them, if they come out: which coming to some of their knowledge above 200 came out by that day 7. night. Wednesday 26. Nothing of moment. Thursday 27. A Troop of the Lord capels sallied out, and took 3 or 4 men as they were working upon the Line, near St. botolph's, and wounded one miserably, being a Country Soldier & but a spectator. Friday, Saturday, & Sunday 28. 29. & 30. Nothing of moment. Monday 31. In the night about 20 of them with Spades, 6 only having Muskets, past the first Sentinel as friends, saying, they were come to make an end of the work where they wrought the night before, but were fired upon at the second guard, had a Lieutenant slain, and retreated, and took a Sergeant with them prisoner. Tuesday August 1. A Cornet, Quartermaster, Corporal, and one Trooper came away with their horses. Wednesday 2. & Thursday the third, there came several Soldiers from the Besieged, much complaining of their ill diet with horseflesh, and said it was attended with Gentlewomen in white-Gownes & black hoods (meaning Maggots,) so that they could not eat it, & that it had brought many of them to the flux. Monday August 7. Nothing of moment happened: this day it was resolved at a full Counsel of War, to proceed by way of Approaches in order to a Storm. Friday 11. Nothing of note. This night 30 houses were burnt. Tuesday 15. Many men came over this day from the Besieged, & the poorer sort of people began to rise for want of bread. Wednesday 16. They rise in great Numbers, and come to the Lord- Goring Quarters, some bringing their Children starved to death, they crying out so long as Horseflesh, Dogs, and Cats were to be had, they did not complain. This day the Mayor of Colchester sent a Letter to the Gen. That the Inhabitants might come out, for that they had no provision, it being all seized by the Soldiers. Our General returned answer, He pitied their condition, but to grant that, was to make the Town hold out longer, and did not stand with his trust to permit it. This day we had the news of the kill & dispersing the Prince's forces by some Horse and Foot of the Army, commanded by Col. Richardo, near Deal; and also of the regaining of Tinmouth Castle by Sir Arthur Haselrigg. Thursday 17. The Lord Goring, Lord Capell, and Sir Charles Lucas, who before threatened to hang our Trumpeter if he came any more with a Message for a Party, desired Our General they might send to the King's Forces, and if they had not relief within 20 days, they would then Treat. Answer was returned by Our Gen. that he hoped in much less time than 20 days, to have the Town without Treaty. All things are preparing in Order to a storm. Friday 18. No action but preparation for storm. Saturday 19 The Besieged sent for a Treaty to surrender. Sunday 20. The General returned an answer to their offer for a Treaty, That all Soldiers & Officers under the degree of a Captain, (excepting such as have deserted the Army since the 10 of May last) shall have Passes to go to their several homes; and all Captains, and Superior Officers, with Lords, and Gentlemen to mercy. Monday 21. The Besieged turned out of the Town in the night, many men, women, & children, but the next morning took them in again. Tuesday 22. The Besieged sent out Major Sheffield one of the Committee that was prisoner in Colchester, that they would surrender upon honourable conditions, and desire to know the meaning of the word mercy. This day the news of routing the Scotch army came, which we sent into the Town. A Manuscript of COLCHESTER taken out of the Records of the said Town. Anno 219. Coell Duke of Brittany began to build the City Raymore otherwise Colchester. Anno 238. Coell Duke of Colchester began to Reign over Essex and Hartford-shire. Anno 242. Helena Daughter of Coell was borne att Colchester. Anno 260. Constantius Captain of the Romans in Spain coming into Britain besieged Colchester the space of two Years. Anno 264. The Siege was Raised by a match Between Constantius and Helena. Anno 265. Constantine the Son of Constantius was born in Colchester. Anno 288. Constantius then was called Ceasar of the Gauls. Anno 289. Constantius when he had Slain a considerable number of the Almains that woarsted and over run Gassia: being called Ceasar of the Gauls was now Saluted Ceasar Augustus. Anno 290. Coell when he had Slain Asclepodatus, the Tyrant Reigned over all Britain but was tributary to Rome. The same Coell Duke of Colchester. Anno 297. Coell King of Britain Dyed in Colchester the Second Month. Anno 298. Constantius Returning out of Gallia disposed of the Kingdom. Anno 299. Constantinus the Emperor died at York, in the Sixteenth Year of his Empire. Anno 303. Helena upon the death of Constantinus made a Vow of perpetual Widowhood. FINIS. Printed and Sold by Tho: Witham at the Golden Ball in Long Lane near West Smithfield LONDON