Spadacrene Anglica, The English Spa, OR, The glory of Knaresborough, Springing from several famous Fountains there adjacent, called the Vitriol, Sulphurous and dropping Wells; and also other Mineral Waters. Their nature, Physical use, Situation, and many admirable Cures being exactly expressed in the subsequent Treatise of the learned Dr. Dean, and the sedulous observations of the ingenious Michael Stanhope Esquire. Wherein it is proved by Reason and Experience, that the Vitrioline Fountain is equal (and not inferior) to the  Spa.  〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. 
York, Printed by Tho. Broad, and are to be sold in his Shop in the lower end of Stonegate, near to the Common Hall Gates. 1654.   


The English SPA.  Written by Dr. Edm. Dean, late Physician in York. 

CHAP. I. Of the situation of the Town of Knaresborow.  
GNaresbrugh (commonly called Knaresborow) is a very ancient Market Town in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, distant 14 miles from the City of York; where the Pole is elevated 54 degrees, and 20 odd minutes. On the South-west part thereof is that fair, and goodly Fort, so much renowned, both for the pleasant situation, and remarkable strength, known by the name of Knaresborow Castle, seated on a most ragged and rough Rock; whence (as learned Mr. Cambden saith) it is so named.  
Both the Castle and Town are fenced on the South and West parts with the Rivers N●de: which is beautified herewith two fair Bridges of stone, which lead from the Town into the Forest adjoining, as also unto a large impaled Park of his Majesties, called Bilton-Park, well stored with fallow Deer: part whereof is bordered with the said river.  
The Town itself standeth on a hill, having almost on every side an ascent to it; and about it are divers fruitful valleys well replenished with grass, corn and wood. The waters there are wholesome and clear; the air dry and pure. In brief, there is nothing wanting, that may fitly serve for a good and commodious habitation, and the content and entertainment of strangers.  
Many things are very observable in this place, which because they rather do appertain to the volumes of Geographers, and Antiquaries, then to the purpose intended in this little treatise, are here omitted.   

CHAP. II. Of the several earths, stones, and minerals, found near and about this place.  
ALthough there are in sundry places of this kingdom, as many or more several kinds, and sorts of earths, quarries of stone, minerals, and mines of metals, then in any other Realm whatsoever; notwithstanding, no one place hath been observed to have them either in such plenty, or variety in so small a distance as this. For here is found not only white and yellow marble, plaster, ochre, rud, rubric, freestone, and hard greet-stone, a soft reddish stone, ironstone, brimstone, vitreal, nitre, alum, lead, copper, (and without doubt, divers mixtures of these) but also many other minerals might (perhaps) be found out by the diligent search, and skilful industry of those, who would take pains to labour a little herein.  
All which do manifestly demonstrate, that nature hath stored this little territory with a greater diversity of hidden benefits, then great and spacious Countries otherwise abounding in outward native commodities, and that the fountains, or springs of water hereabouts cannot otherwise then participate of their several natures and properties.   

CHAP. III. Of the fountains, of pure and simple waters, near and about the Town.  
AS generally most part of the West Riding of Yorkshire (especially the hilly and more mountainous places thereof) are stored with fountains and springs of clear, limpid and pure simple waters; so likewise the territory hereabouts is not without plenty of them. Two whereof have gotten and purchased that reputation, as to be Sainted: The one called by the name of Saint Magnus, or Magnus-well: the other, that of Saint Roberts.  
These, formerly for a year, or two, have been in great request in these parts amongst the common sort, much sought unto by many, and great concourse of people have daily gathered and flocked to them, both near, and afar off, as is most commonly seen, when any new thing is first found out, Fama enim crescit eundo, even unto incredible wonders and miracles, or rather fictions, and lies. All which cometh to pass as we may well suppose, through our over much English credulity, or as I may better say) rather superstition. For to any such like Well, will swarm at first both young and old (especially the female sex, as ever more apt to be deluded) halt, lame, blind, deaf, dumb, yea, almost all, and that for all manner of maladies and diseases, both inward and outward.  
But for as much, as these are springs of pure, and simple waters merely, without any mixture at all of minerals, to make them become medicinable, it is verily thought, that the many and several cures, which have been attributed unto them in those times, when they were so frequented, were rather feigned and imaginary, then true and real; and that those, who then visited them, were desirous (either to uphold and maintain the credit, and reputation of their Saints, or else, to avoid the scorn and derision of their own delusion) to have others likewise deceived.  
Time hath quite worn all their strength, and consumed all their virtues; so that nothing of worth now remains with them, saving only their bare names and titles: Sic magna sua mole ruunt.  
Wherefore to omit these, as scarce worthy the mentioning; those are chief here to be described, which do participate of mineral virtues, and faculties.   

CHAP. IU. Of five fountains near unto the town, which do participate of mineral virtues.  
OUt of the divers Fountains springing hereabouts, five are worthy the observation of Physicians. The first whereof is very near unto the river bank, over against the Castle, called by the name of the Dropping-well, for that it droppeth, distilleth, and trickleth down from the hanging rock above. The water whereof hath a certain quality or property to turn any thing that lieth in it, into a stony substance in a very short space.  
Three of the others (being all of them much of one, and the same nature) are termed by the country people thereabouts the Stinkingwels, in regard they have an ill, and fetide smell, consisting most of Sulphure-vive, or quick brimstone. One of them, and that which hath the greatest current, or stream of water, is in Bilton park  
The other two are in the said Forest; one is near unto the Town; the other is further off, almost two miles from it, beyond a place called Haregate head, in a bottom on the right hand of it, as you go, and almost in the side of a little brook.  
The fift, and last (for which I have principally undertaken to write this short Discourse) is an acide, or tart fountain in the said Forest, commonly named by the vulgar sort, Tuewhit-well, and the English Spa, by those of the better rank, in imitation of those two most famous acide fountains at the Spa in Germany, to wit, Sawenir, and Pouhon: whereof the first being the prime one) is half a league from the Spa, or Spa Village; the other is in the middle of the town.   

CHAP. V A more particular recital of the first four wells.  
I Purpose to speak somewhat more in this place of the first four Springs mentioned in the former Chapter, in regard the consideration of them may perhaps give some light to those, who shall hereafter search further into the secrets, which nature may seem to afford in the Country hereabouts.  
The first is the Dropping well, known almost to all who have traveled unto this place. The water whereof distilleth and trickleth down from the hanging Rock over it, not only dropping wise, but also falling in many pretty little streams.  
This water issueth at first out of the earth, not far from the said hanging Rock, and running a while in one entire current, continueth so, till it cometh almost to the brim of the crag; where being opposed by a dam (as it were artificial) of certain spongy stones, is afterwards divided into many smaller branches, and falleth from on high in manner aforesaid.  
It is therefore very like that Mr. Cambden in person did not see this fountain, but rather that he had it by relation from others; or at least wise (if he did see it) that he did not mark, and duly observe the original springing up of the water, when in his Britannia he saith thus: The waters thereof spring not up out of the veins of the earth, etc.  
Concerning the properties and qualities thereof, I have nothing more to write at this time (there being formerly little trial had of it) saving that divers inhabitants thereabouts say, and affirm, that it hath been found to be very effectual in staying any flux of the body: which thing I easily believe.  
The other three are sulphurous fountains, and cast forth a stinking smell afar off, especially in the Winter season, and when the weather is coldest. They are all noisome to smell to, and cold to touch, without any manifest or actual heat at all; by reason (as may most probably be thought) their mines and veins of brimstone, are not kindled under the earth; being (perhaps) hindered by the mixture of salt therewith.  
Those who drink of their waters, relate, they verily think there is gunpowder in them, and that now and then they vomit after drinking thereof.  
The waters as they run along the earth, do leave behind them on the grass and leaves, a grey slimy substance, which being set on fire, hath the right savour of common brimstone. They are much haunted with Pigeons, an argument of much salt in them; of which in the evaporation of the water by fire, we found a good quantity remaining in the bottom of the vessel.  
One thing further was worth observation; that white mettle (as silver) dipped into them, presently seemeth to resemble copper: which we first noted by putting a silver porringer into one of these; unto which Sir Francis Traps did first bring us. Which tincture these waters give by reason of their sulphur.  
Touching their virtues, and effects, there may in general the like properties be ascribed unto them, as are attributed unto other sulphurous Baths actually cold, participating also of Salt.  
The vulgar sort drink these waters (as they say) to expel reef, and felon; yea, many who are much troubled with itches, scabs, morphews, tetters, ringworms, and the like, are soon helped and cured, by washing the parts illaffected therewith. Which thing they might much more conveniently and more commodiously do, if at that in Bilton park, were framed to capacious Baths; the one cold, the other● to be made hot, or warm by art, for certain known hours a day.   

CHAP. VI A more particular description of the fifth, or last Fountain, called the English Spa.  
THis, being the principal subject of this whole Treatise, is in the said Forest, about half a league, or a mile and a half, West from the Town; from whence there is almost a continual rising to it, but nothing so great as the ascent, is from the Spa village to the Sauvenir. This here springeth out of a mountainous ground, and almost at the height of the ascent, at Harcgate-head; having a great descent on both sides the ridge thereof; and the Country thereabouts somewhat resembleth that at the Spa in Germany.  
The first discoverer of it to have any medicinal quality (so far forth as I can learn) was one Mr. William Slingsby, a Gentleman of many good parts, of an ancient and worthy Family near thereby; who having traveled in his younger t me, was throughly acquainted with the taste, use, and faculties of the two Spa Fountains.  
In his latter time, about 55 years ago, it was his good Fortune to live for a little while at a Grange house very near to this Fountain, and afterwards in Bilton Park all his life long. Who drinking of this water, found it in all things to agree with those at the Spa. Whereupon (greatly rejoicing at so good and fortunate an accident) he made some further trial and assay. That done, he caused the Fountain to be well and artificially walled about, and paved at the bottom, (as it is now at this day) with two fair stone flags, with a fit hole in the side thereof, for the free passage of the water through a little guttered stone.  
It is open at the top, and walled somewhat higher than the earth, as well to keep out filth, as cattles for coming and approaching to it. It is four square, three foot wide, and the water within is about three quarters of a yard deep.  
First, we caused it to be laded dry, as well to scour it, as also to see the rising up of the water, which we found to spring up only at the bottom at the chink, or cranny, between two stones, so left purposely for the springing up of the water at the bottom: Which (as Pliny observeth in his 31 Book of his Natural History, and the third chapter) is a sign above all of the goodness of a Fountain.  
And above all (saith he) one thing would be observed, and seen unto, that the source which feedeth it, spring and boil up directly from the bottom, and not issue forth at the sides: which also is a main point that concerneth the perpetuity thereof, and whereby we may collect, that it will held still, and be never drawn dry.  
The stream of water which passeth away by the hole in the side thereof, is much one, and about the proportion of the current of Sawenir.  
The  Gentleman did drink the water of this Fountain every year after, all his life time, for helping his infirmities, and maintaing of his health, and would oftentimes say and aver, that it was much better, and did excel the tart fountains beyond the Seas, as being more quick and lively, and fuller of Mineral spirits; effecting his operation more speedily, and sooner passing through the Body.  
Moreover, Dr. Timothy bright of happy memory, a learned Physician, while he lived, my very kind friend, and familiar acquaintance, first gave the name of the English Spa unto this Fountain, about thirty years since or more. For he also formerly had spent some time at the Spa in Germany; so that he was very able to compare those with this of ours. Nay, he had furthermore so good an opinion, and so high a conceit of this, that he did not only direct and advise others to it, but himself also (for most part) would use it in the Summer season.  
Likewise Dr. Anthony Hunton lately of Newark upon Trent, a Physician of no less worth, and happy memory (to whom for his true love to me, and kind respect of me, I was very much beholden) would often expostulate with me at our meetings, and with other Gentlemen of Yorkshire, his patients, how it came to pass, that I, and the Physicians of York, did not by public writing make the fame and worth thereof better known to the world?   

CHAP. VII. Of the difference of this Fountain from those at the Spa, to wit, Sawenir, and Pouhon.  
THis springeth almost at the top of the ascent (as formerly hath been said) from a dry and somewhat sandy earth: The water whereof running Southeast, is very clear, pure, full of life, and mineral exhalations.  
We find it chief to consist of a vitrioline nature and quality, with a participation also of those other minerals, which are said to be in the Sawenir Fountain; but in a more perfect and exquisite mixture and temper (as we deem) and therefore to be supposed better and nobler than it. The difference between them will be found to be only Secundum majus & minus, that is, according to more, or less, which maketh no difference in kind, but in degrees. This partaketh in greater measure of the qualities, and lesser of the substances of the Minerals, then that doth; and for that cause it is of a more quick and speedy operation; as also for the same reason, his tenuity of body, and fullness of mineral spirits therein contained, it cannot be so fare transported from its own source and spring, without loss and diminution of his strength and goodness. For being carried no further than to the Town itself (though the glass or vessel be closely stopped) it becometh somewhat weaker: if as far as to York, much more: but if 20 or 30 miles further, it will then be found to be of small force or validity, as we have often observed.  
Whereas contrariwise the water of the lower Fountain at the Spa, called Pouhon, is frequently and usually carried and conveyed into other countries afar off, and remote, as into France, England, Scotland, Ireland, and to divers parts of Germany, and unto some parts of Italy; Yea, and that of Sauvenir, (which is the better Fountain, and whose water cannot be carried so far away, as the other may) is oftentimes used now a days at Paris, the chief City of France.  
But this of ours cannot be sent away any whit so far off, without loss and decay of his efficacy and virtue, so airy, subtle, and piercing are its spirits and mineral exhalations, that they soon pass, vanish, and fly away. Which thing we have esteemed to be a principal good sign of the worthy properties of this rare Fountain. So that this water, being newly taken up at the Well, and presently after drunk, cannot otherwise, but sooner pass by the Hypochondries, and through the body, and cause a speedier effect, than those in Germany can. Whereby any one may easily collect, and gather, that this getteth his sovereign faculties better in its passage by and through the variety of minerals included in the earth (which only afford unto it an halitious body) than those do.  
If then we be desirous to have this of ours become commodious either for preserving of our healths, or for altering any distemper, or curing any infirmity (for which it is proper and available) it ought chief to be taken at the Fountain itself, before the mineral spirits be dissipated.   

CHAP. VIII. That Vitriol is here more predominant than any other Mineral.  
WE have sufficiently been satisfied by experience and trials, through what Minerals this water doth pass: but to know in what proportion they are exactly mixed therewith, it is beyond humane invention to find out; Nature having reserved this secret to herself alone. Nevertheless it may very well be conjectured, that as in the frame and composition of the most noble creature, Man (the lesser world) there is a temper of the four elements rather ad justitiam (as the Philosophers say) then add pondus; so Nature in the mixture of these Minerals, hath likewise taken more of some, and less of others, as she thought to be most fit and expedient for the good and behoof of man's health, and the recovery and restitution of it decayed; being indeed such a work, as no Art is able to imitate.  
That Vitriolum (otherwise called Chalcanthum) is here most predominant, there needs no other proof, then from the assay of the water itself; which both in the tart and inky smack thereof, joined with a piercing and a pricking quality, and in the savour (which is somewhat a little vitrioline) is altogether like unto the ancient Spa waters: which according to the consent of all those, who have considered their natural compositions, do most of all, and chief participate of vitriol.  
Notwithstanding for a more manifest, and suller trial hereof, put as much powder of Galls, as will lie on twopences, or three pence, into a glass full of this water, newly taken up at the fountain, you shall see it by and by turned into the right and perfect colour of Claret wine, that is fully ripe, clear, and well fined, which may easily deceive the eye of the skilfullest Vintner,  
This demonstration hath been often made, not without the admiration of those, who first did see it. For the same quantity of galls mingled with so much common water, or any other Fountain water thereabouts, will not alter it any thing at all; unless to these you also add vitriol, and then the colour will appear to be of a bluish violet, somewhat inkish, not reddish, as in the former, which hath an exquisite and accurate conjunction of other Mineral exhalations, besides the vitrioline. But this probation will not hold, if so be you make trial with the said water being carried fare from the Well; by reason of the present dissipation of his spirits.   

CHAP. IX. Of the properties and effects of Vitriol, according to the ancient and modern Writers.  
THE qualities of Vitriol, according to Dioscorides, Galen, Aetius, Paulus Aegineta, and Oribasius; are to heat and dry, to bind, to resist putrefaction, to give strength and vigour to the interior parts, to kill the flat worms of the belly, to remedy venomous mushrooms, to preserve flesh over moist from corruption, consuming the moisture thereof by its heat, and constipating by his astriction the substance of it, and pressing forth the serous humidity.  
And according to Matthiolus in his Commentaries upon Discorides, it is very profitable against the plague and pestilence, and the chemical oil thereof is very available (as himself affirmeth to have sufficiently proved) against the stone and stopping of Urine, and many other outward maladies and diseases, (Andernacus and Gesner add to these the Apoplexy) all which, for avoiding of prolixity, I do here purposely omit.  
Neither will I further trouble the Reader with the recital of divers and sundry excellent remedies, and medicines, found out and made of it in these latter times, by the Spagyric Physicians, and others: Insomuch that Joseph Quercetanus, one of those, is verily of opinion, that out of this individual mineral, well and exquisitely prepared, there might be made all manner of remedies and medicines sufficient for the storing and furnishing of a whole Apothecary's shop.  
But it will (perhaps) be objected by some one or other in this manner: If vitriol, which as most do hold, is hot and dry in the third degree, or beginning of the fourth, nay, of a caustick quality and nature (as Dioscorides is of opinion) should here be predominant; then the water of this Fountain must needs be of great heat and acrimony; and so become not only unprofitable, but also very hurtful for man's use to be drunk, or inwardly taken.  
To which objection (not to take any advantage of the answer, which many learned Physicians do give, viz. that vitriol is not hot, but cold) I say: First, that although all medicinal waters do participate of those minerals, by which they do pass, yet they have them but weakly viribus refractis (especially when in their passages they touch, and meet with divers other minerals of opposite tempers and natures.  
Secondly, I Answer, that in all such medicinal Fountains as this, simple water doth far surpass and exceed in quantity, whatsoever is therewith intermixed, by whose coldness it cometh to pass, that the contrary is scarce, or hardly perceived. For example, take one proportion of any boiling liquor to 100 or more, of the same cold, and you will hardly find in it any heat it all. Suppose then vitriol be hot in the third degree, it doth not therefore follow, that the water which hath his virtue chief from it, should heat in the same degree. This is plainly manifest not only in this fountain, but also in all others, which have an acide taste, being indeed rather cold then hot, for the reasons above mentioned.   

CHAP. X. Of the effects which this Fountain worketh, and produceth in those who drink of it.  
EXperience showeth sufficiently, besides reason, that this water first, and in the beginning cooleth such as use it: But being continued, it heateth and drieth; and this for the most part it doth in all, yet not always. For (as we shall more fully declare afterwards) it effecteth cures of opposite, and quite contrary natures, by the second and third qualities wherewith it is endowed; curing diseases both hot, cold, dry, and moist.  
Those waters (saith Renodaeus) which are replenished with a vitrioline quality, as those at the Spa, do presently heal, and (as it were) miraculously cure diseases, which are without all hope of recovery; having that notable power and faculty from vitriol; by the virtue and efficacy whereof, they pass through the meanders, turn and wind of all parts of the whole body. Whatsoever is hurtful, or endammageth it, that they sweep and carry away: what is profitable and commodious, they touch not, nor hurt: that which is flaccid, and lose, they bind and fasten: that which is fastened, and strictly tied, they lose: what is too gross and thick; they incide, dissolve, attenuate, and expel.  
More particularly the water of this fountain hath an incisive and abstersive faculty to cut and loosen the viscous and clammy humours of the body, and to make meable the gross: as also by its piercing and penetrating power, subtlety of parts, and by his deterging and desiccative qualities to open all the obstructions, or oppilations of the mesentery (from whence the seeds of most diseases do arise and spring) liver, spleen; kidneys, and other interior parts (and which is more to be noted and observed) to cool, and contemperate their unnatural heat, helping and removing also all the griefs and infirmities depending thereupon.  
Besides all this, it comforteth the stomach by the astriction it hath from other minerals, especially Iron, so that (without doubt) of a thousand, who shall use it discreetly, and with good advice (their bodies first being well and orderly prepared by some learned and skilful Physician, according to the states thereof, and as their infirmities shall require) there will scarcely be any one found, who shall not receive great profit thereby.  
Moreover, it cleanseth, and purifieth the whole mass of blood contained in the veins, by purging it from the seresity peccant, and from choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholic humours, and that principally by Urine, which passeth through the body very clear, and in great quantity, leaving behind it the mineral forces, and virtues.  
Their stools, who drink of it, are commonly of a blackish, or dark green colour, partly because it emptieth the liver and spleen from adust humours, and melancholy, or the sediment of blood; but more especially, because the minerals intermixed do produce and give such a tincture.   

CHAP. XI. In what diseases the water of this Fountain is most useful and beneficial.  
OVer and besides the peculiar and specifical faculties, which this fountain hath, it showeth divers and sundry other manifest effects and qualities in evacuating the noxious humours of the body, for the most by Urine, especially when there is any obstruction about the kidneys, ureters and bladder: Or by Urine and stool both, if the mesentery, liver, or spleen, chance to be obstructed. But, if the effect or grief be in the matrix or womb, than it cleanseth that way according to the accustomed and usual manner of women.  
In melancholy people it purgeth by provoking the haemorrhoides, and in choleric by siege or stool. If it causeth either vomit or sweat, it is very seldom & rare.  
See here a most admirable work guided by the omnipotency and wisdom of the Almighty, that a natural, clear, and pure water, should produce so many and several effects and operations, being all of them in a manner contrary one to another, which few medicines composed by Art can easily perform without hurt and damage to the party. Wherefore being drunk with those cautions and circumstances necessarily required thereunto, it is to be preferred before many other remedies, as not only procuring these evacuations; but also (which is more to be noted) staying them when they grow ro any excess. For seeing that here are minerals contained booh hot, cold, dry, appercive, astringent, etc. there is none so simple, but must needs think and grant, that it cannot otherwise be, but good and wholesome in grievances and diseases, which in their own natures are opposite:  
But I may instance in some few, for which it is good and profitable, and therein observe some order and method; It drieth the over moist brain, and helpeth the evils proceeding there from, as rheums, catarrhs, palsies, cramps, etc.  
It is also good and available against inveterate headaches, migraines, turn and swimmings of the head and brain, dizziness, epilepsy, or falling sickness and the like cold and moist diseases of the head.  
It cheereth and reviveth the spirits, strengtheneth the stomach, causeth a good and quick appetite, and furthereth digestion.  
It helpeth the black and yellow Jaundice, and the evil which is accompanied with strange fear and excessive sadness, without any evident occasion or necessary cause, called Melancholia or Hypocondr aca. Likewise the cachexy, or evil habit of the body, and the dropsy in the beginning thereof, before it be too far gone. For besides that it openeth obstructions, expelleth the redundant water in the belly, and contemperateth the unnatural heat of the Liver.  
It cooleth the Kidneys or Reins, and drive forth sand, gravel, and stones out of them, and also hindereth the increase or breeding of any new, by the concretion and sandering of gravel, bred of a viscous and clammy humour or substance, the same it performeth to the bladder for which it is also beneficial, if it chance to have any evil disposition either in the cavity thereof, or in the neck of it, and shutting muscle called Sphincter, whereby the whole part or member, is let and hindered in his office and function.  
Moreover if there chance to be any ulcer in the parts last specified, or any sore, or fistula in perinao through an imposthume ill cured, this water is a good remedy for it in regard of its cleansing, cicatricing and constringing power and virtue; and for that cause it is very proper & commodious for the acrimony and sharpness of Urine, and against the stopping and suppression of Urine, difficulty of making water, and the strangury.  
Although it is very available against the stone in the Kidneys, and against the breeding and increase of any new there; yea and against little ones, that are lose in the bladder; yet notwithstanding it will afford little or small benefit to those, in whom it is grown to be very great and big in the bladder: because nothing will then serve to break it, as Brassavolus saith, but a smith's anvil and hammer. Nevertheless, if in this case incision be used, it will be very commodious, both for mundifying and consolidating of the wound, made for the extraction of it.  
It shall not be needful to speak much of the profit, which will ensue by the fit administration of it in the inveterate venereous Gonorrhaea causing to cease and stay totally, and correcting the distemper, and the ulcerous disposition of the seed vessels, and the vicine parts.  
There are very few infirmities properly incident to women, which this water may not seem to respect much. The use whereof, after the advice and council had of the learned Physician, for the well and orderly preparing their bodies, is singular good against the green sickness, and also very commodious and behooveful to procure their monthly evacuations, as also to stay their over much slowing; as well to correct, as to stay their white floods; as well to dry the womb being too moist, as to heat it being too cold, through which causes and distempers conception (for the most part) is let and hindered in cold Northern Countries, as England and the like. For by the help of it these distempers are changed and altered, the superfluous humidities and mucosities are taken away, the part is corroborated, and the retentive virtue is strengthened.  
This hath been so much, and so often observed at the ancient Spa, that it cannot otherwise, but be also verified at this in after times, when it shall be frequented (as those have been) with the company of Ladies, and Gentlewomen: Divers whereof, having been formerly barren for the space of ten, twelve years, or more, and drinking of those waters for curing and helping some other infirmities, then for want of fruitfulness, have shortly conceived after their return home to their husbands, beyond their hopes and expectations.  
Besides all this, it is good for those women, who, though otherwise apt enough to conceive, yet by reason of the too much lubricity of their wombs, are prone to miscarry and abort, if before conception they shall use it with those cautions and directions requisite.  
Also it respecteth very much the hard scirrhous and cancarous tumors, and the grievous soars and dangerous Ulcers of the matrix. All these excellent helps and many more it performeth to women with more speedy uccesse, if it be also received by injection. But here by the way, all such women, who are with child, are to be admonished, that they forbear to use it during that time.  
In children it killeth and expelleth the worms of the guts and belly, and letteth and hindereth the breeding, and new increase of any more.  
I will here forbear to write any thing of the benefits which it affordeth against old and inveterate itches, mohphews, leprosies, etc. in regard the other three sulphurous fountains, before mentioned, do more properly respect such like grievances. Neither will I now spend any more time in showing what virtues it hath in the cure of the Indian, commonly called the French, or rather Spanish disease: because experience hath found out a more certain and sure remedy against it.   

CHAP. XII. Of the necessity of preparing the body before the use of this water.  
IT is not in most things the bare and naked knowledge or contemplation of them, that makes them profitable to us; but rather their right use, opportune, and fit administration. Medicines are not said to be Deorum Manus, that is, the hands of the Gods, as Herophilus calleth them, or Deorum dona; that is, the gifts of the Gods (as Hypocrates believed) till they be fitly applied and seasonably administered by the counsel and advice of the learned and skilful Physician, according to the true rules, and method of Art.  
Temporibus medicina valet, data, tempore prosunt,  
Et data non apto tempore vina nocent.  
That is,  
Medicines avail in their due times,  
And profit is got by drinking wines.  
In timely sort; but all in reason.  
They do offend, drunk out of season.  
Therefore to know the original minerals, faculties, and virtues of this worthy acide fountain, will be to no end, or to small purpose for them, who understand not the right and true use, nor the fit and orderly administration of it. For not only Physic or medicines, but also meats, and drinks taken disorderly, out of due time and without measure, bringeth oftentimes detriment to the party, who otherwise might receive comfort and strength thereby: So likewise this water, if it be not drunk at a convenient time and season, in due fashion and proportion: yea, and that after preparatives, and requisite purge, and evacuation of the body, may easily hurt those, whose infirmities otherwise it doth principally respect. For medicines ought not to be taken rashly and unadvisely, as most do hand over head without any consideration of time, place, and other circumstances; as that ignorant man did, who getting the receipt of that medicine, wherewith formerly he had been cured, made trial of it again long after for the same infirmity without any help or good at all; whereat greatly marveling, received this answer from his Physician: I confess (said he) it was the self same medicine but because I did not give it, therefore it did you no good.  
To the end therefore that no occasion may hereafter be either given or taken by the misgovernment, or over-rashnesse of any in using it to calumniate and traduce the worth, and goodness of this fountain, I will briefly here show what course is chief to be followed and observed by those who shall stand in need of it.  
First then, because very few men are throughly and sufficiently informed concerning the natures and causes of their grievances, it will be necessary that every one should apply himself to some one or other, who either out of his judgement or experience, or both, may truly be able to give him counsel and good advice concernning the conveniency of this fountain. And if he shall be advised to use it, then let the party (in the fear of God) address himself for his way to it, against the fit season of it, without making any long and tedious day's journeys, which cause lassitude, and weariness.  
Then, being come to the place, he ought after a day's rest, or two, to have his body well prepared, and gently cleansed with easy lenitives, or purgatives, both fit and appropriate, as well to the habit and constitution thereof, as also for the disease itself, and as occasion shall require, according to the rule of method, which teacheth that universal or general remedies ought ever to precede and go before particulars. Now what these are in special, to fit every one's case in particular, is impossible either for me here, or any else to define precisely. Ars non versatur circa individua. We may see it true in mechanical trades. No one Shoemaker can fit all by one Last: nor any one Tailor can suit all by one, and the self same measure.  
Yet in regard it may perhaps be expected that something should be said herein, I say, that in the beginning (if occasion serve) some easy Clyster may very fitly be given, as well for emptying the lower intestines from their usual excrements, as for carrying away and cleansing the mucose slimes contained therein. After that, it will be convenient to prepare the body by some Julep or Apozeme, or to give some lenitive medicine to free the first region of the body from excrements. For otherwise the water might peradventure convey some part of them, or other peccant matter, which it findeth in his passage either into the bladder, or to some other weak and infirm member of the body, to the increase of that evil disposition, which is to be removed, or else to the breeding of some other new infirmity.  
Some perhaps will here object and say, that the time of the year, in which this fountain will be found to be most useful, will be the hottest season thereof; or (if you list so to call it) the dog-days, when it will be no fit time to purge at all.  
To this I answer and say: First, the purging medicines here required are not strong, and generous, but gentle, mild and weak, such as are styled Benedicta medicamenta: which may with great safety and profit be given either then or at any other time of the year without any danger, or respect of any such like circumstance at all.  
Secondly I answer; although this observation of the Dog-days might perhaps be of some moment in hotter Countries, as Greece where Hypocrates lived, who first made mention of those days: yet in colder climates, as England, and such like Countries, they are of little or small force at all and almost not to be regarded any whit, either in using mild and temperate purgatives, or almost in any other; or in blood-letting, though very many, or most do erroneously say and think the contrary. So that (if there be cause) they may as well and safely then purge, as at any other time: Or if occasion shall urge, as in plethorical bodies, and many other cases, a vein may safely (or rather most commodiously) be then opened, and so much blood taken away, as the skilful Physician shall think in his discretion and wisdom to be needful and requisite.  
Let no man here think that this is any strange position or a new paradox (for the learned know the contrary) or that I am studious of innovation, but rather desirous to root out an old and inveterate error, which in all probability hath cost more English men's lives, than would furnish a royal army, in neglecting those two greater helps or remedies, to wit Purging and Blood-letting in hot seasons of the year; which in all likelihood might have saved many of their lives, while expecting more temperate weather, they have been summoned in the mean time, or interim, by the messenger of pale death to appear in another world.  
Wherefore let all those who are yet living, be admonished hereafter by their examples, not obstinately and wilfully to eschew and shun these two remedies in hot seasons, and in the time of the Dog-days, (much less all other manner of Physical helps) not once knowing so much as why, or wherefore, and without any reason at all, following blind and superstitious tradition and error, haply first broached by some unworthy and ignorant Physician, not rightly understannding Hypocrates his saying in all likelihood, or at least wise misapplying it: which hath so prevailed in these times, that it hath not only worn out the use of purging, but also of all other Physic for that season, because most people by the name of Physic, understand purging only, and nothing else; as though the Art and Science of Physic was nothing else, but to give a potion, or purge. Then we rightly and truly might say, Filia devoravit matrem.  
But forasmuch as most people are altogether ignorant of the true ground or reason, from whence this so dangerous an error concerning the Dog-days, did first spring and arise, give me leave a little to go on with this my digression, for their better instruction and satisfaction; and I will briefly and in few lines, show the case and mistake somewhat more plainly.  
Hypocrates in his fourth Book of Aphorisms, the fifth, hath these words: Sub canicula, & ante caniculam, difficiles sunt purgationes. That is, under the canicular, or Dogstar, and before the Dog-star purgations are painful and difficil. This is all that is there said of them, or brought against them for that season or time of the year. A great stumbling block against which many have dashed their feet and knocked their shins, and a fearful scar crow, whereat too many have nicely boggled. Here you do not find or see purging medicines to be then prohibited, or forbidden to be given at all (much less all other Physic) but only said to be difficil in their working partly because (as all expositors agree) nature is then somewhat enfeebled by the heat of the weather; partly because the humours being then, as it were, accended, are more chaffed by the heat of the purging medicines; partly, and lastly, because two contrary motions seem then to be at one and the same time, which may offend nature; as the great heat of the weather leading the humours of the body outwardly to the circumference thereof, and the medicine drawing them inwardly to the centre. All which circumstances in our cold region are little, or nothing at all (as formerly hath been mentioned) to be regarded. For as Jacobus Hollerius, a French Physician, much honoured for his great learning and judgement, hath very well observed in his Comment upon this Aphorism; Hypocrates speaketh here only of those purging medicines which are strong and vehement, or hot and fiery; and that this precept is to take place in most hot Regions, but not in these cold Countries, as France, England and the like.  
Over and beside all this, those churlish hot purging medicines, which were then in frequent use in Hypocrates time, and some hundred years after, are now for the most part obsolete, and quite grown out of use, seldom brought in practice by Physicians in these days; because we have within these last six hundred years, great choice and variety of more mild, benign, and gentle purgatives found out by the Arabian Physicians, which were altogether unknown unto the Ancients, to wit, Hypocrates, Dioscorides, Galen, etc. which have little heat and acrimony, many whereof are temperate, and divers cooling, which may most safely be given either in the hottest times and seasons of the year, or in the hottest diseases. Let us add to these the like familiar and gentle purging medicines more lately, yea almost daily newly found out since the better discoveries of the East and West Indies. So that henceforth let no man fear to take either easy purgatives, or other inward Physic, in the time of Canicular or Dog-days.  
The same Hollerius goeth on in the exposition and interpretation of the same Aphorism, and confidently saith: Over and besides that we have benign medicines, which we may then use, as Cassia, etc. We know and find by experience, no time here with us more wholesome and more temperate (especially when the Etesian or Easterly winds do blow) than the Canicular days, so that we find by observation, that those diseases which are bred in the months of June and July, do end in August, and in the Canicular days. Wherefore if a disease happen in those days, we fear not to open a vein divers times, and often, as also to prescribe more strong purging medicines.  
Wherefore away hence forth with the scrupulous conceit, and too nice fear of the Dog-days, and let their supposed danger be had no more in remembrance among us. And if any will yet remain obstinate, and still refuse to have their beams pulled out of their eyes, let them still be blind in the midst of the clear Sunshine, and groap on after darkness: and let all learned Physicians rather pity their follies, then envy their wits.   

CHAP. XIII. At what time of the year, and at what hour of the day it is most fit and meet to drink this water.  
TO speak in general terms, it is a fit time to drink it, when the air is pure, clear, hot and dry: for then the water is more tart, and more easily digested, then at other times. On the contrary, it is best to forbear, when the air is cold, moist, dark, dull and misty: for than it is more feeble, and harder to be concocted.  
But more specially, the most proper season to undertake this our English Spa diet, will be from the midst or latter end of June, to the middle of September, or longer, according as the season of the year shall fall out to be hot and dry, or otherwise.  
Not that in the Spring time, and in Winter it is not also good, but for that the air being more pure in Summer, the water also must needs be of greater force and power. Notwithstanding it may sometime so happen in Summer, that by reason of some extraordinary falling of rain, there may be a cessation from it a day or two. Or if it chance to have reigned over night, it will then be fit and necessary to refrain from drinking of it, until the rain be passed away again: or else (which I like better) the Fountain laded dry, and filled again, which may well be done in an hour, or two at the most.  
Touching the time of the day when it is best to drink this water, questionless the most convenient hour will be in the morning, when the party is empty and fasting about seven a clock: Nature having first discharged herself of daily excrements both by stool and Urine, and the concoctions perfected. This time is likewise fittest for exercise, which is a great good help, and furtherance for the better distribution of the water, whereby it doth produce its effects more speedily.   

CHAP. XIV. Of the manner of drinking this water, and the quantity thereof.  
THose who desire the benefit of this Fountain, aught to go to it somewhat early in the morning; and, if they be able and strong of body, they may do very well to walk to it on foot, or at least wise some part of the way. Such as have weak and feeble legs, may ride on horseback, or be carried in the Coaches, or born in Chairs. As for those whose infirmities cause them to keep their Beds or Chambers, they may drink the water in their lodgings, it being speedily brought to them in a vessel or glass well stopped.  
It is not my meaning or purpose to describe here particularly what quantity of it is fit and meet for every one to drink: for this is part of the task and office which belongeth to the Physician, who shall be of counsel with the Patient in preparing and well ordering of him: who is to consider all the several circumstances, as well of the malady or disease itself, as of his habit and constitution, etc. Nevertheless I may advise, that at the first it be moderately taken, increasing the quantity, daily by degrees, until they shall come at last to the full height of the proportion appointed, and thought to be meet and necessary. There they are then to stay, and so to continue at that quantity, so long as it shall be needful. For example, the first morning may happily be sixteen or eighteen ounces, and so on by degrees to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60. or more, in people who are of good and strong constitutions. Towards the ending the abatement ought likewise to be made by degrees, as the increment was formerly made by little and little.  
Here by the way every one must be admonished to take notice, that it is not always best to drink most, lest they chance to oppress and overcharge nature, that would rather be content with less. It will therefore be more safe, to take it rather somewhat sparingly, though for a longer time, then liberally and for a short time. But, indeed, the truest and justest proportion of it, is ever to be made and esteemed, by the good and laudable concoction of it, and by the due and orderly voiding of it again.  
It will not be here amiss to add this one observation further: That it is better to drink this water once a day, than twice, and that in the mornings, after that the Sun hath dried up, and consumed the vapours retained through the coldness of the night, etc. as is formerly declared. After drinking it, it will be needful to abstain from meat and other drink for the space of three or four hours.  
But if any one, who hath a good stomach, shall be desirous to take it twice a day; or if any shall be necessarily compelled so to do for some urgent cause, by the approbation of his Physician, let him dine somewhat sparingly, and drink it not again, until five hours after dinner be past, or not until the concoction of meat and drink in the stomach be perfected: Observing likewise, that he content himself in the afternoons with almost half the quantity he useth to take in the mornings.   

CHAP. XV. Of the manner of diet to be observed by those, who shall use this water.  
THe regiment of life in meats and drinks, ought chief to consist in the right and moderate use of those, which are of light and easy digestion, and of good and wholesome nourishment, breeding laudable juice. Therefore all those are to be avoided, which beget crud and ill humours. There ought furthermore special notice to be taken, that great diversity of meats and dishes at one meal is very hurtful, as also much condiments, sauces, spice, fat, etc. in their dressing and cookery.  
I commend hens, capons, pullets, chickens, partridge, pheasants, turkeys, and generally all such small birds, as live in woods, hedges, and mountains. Likewise I do approve of veal, mutton, kid, lamb, rabbits, young hare or severits, etc. All which (for the most part) are rather to be roasted then boiled. Nevertheless those, who are affected with any dry distemper, or those, who otherwise are so accustomed to feed, may have their meats sodden, but the plainer dressing the better.  
I discommend all salt meats, beef, bacon, pork, lard, and larded meats, hare, venison, tripes, and the entrails of beasts, puddings made with blood, pig, goose, swan, teal, mallard, and such like; and in general all waterfowl, as being of hard digestion and ill nutriment.  
Amongst the several kinds of fishes, trout pearches, loaches, and for most part, all scaly fish of brooks, and fresh rivers may well be permitted. Moreover smelts, sols, dabs, whiting sturbuts, gurnet's, and all such other, as are well known not to be ill, or unwholesome to feed on. All which may be altered with mint, hyssop, anise, etc. Also cre-fish, crabfish, lobsters, and the like, may be permitted.  
Conger, salmon, eels, lampreys, herrings, salt-ling, all salt fish, sturgeon, anchovies, oysters, cockles, muscles, and the like shellfish are to be disallowed.  
White-meats, as milk, cruds, cream, old cheese, custards, whitepots, pudding-pies, and other like milk-meats, (except sweet butter, and new cream cheese) are to be forbidden. Soft and rear eggs we do not prohibit.  
Raisins with almonds, bisket-bread, marchpane-stuff, suckets, and the like, are not here forbidden to be eaten.  
Let their bread be made of wheat, very well wrought fermented or leavened; and let their drink be bear well boiled and brewed; and let it be stolen, or old enough, but in no wise tart, sharp, or sour: And above all, let them forbear to mix the water of the fountain with their drink at meals; for that may cause many inconveniences to follow and ensue.  
Let me advice them to eschew Apples, Pears, Plumbs coddlings, Gooseberries, and all such like summer fruits, either raw, in tarts, or otherwise: Also pease, and all other pulse; all cold salads, and raw herbs; onions, leeks, chives, cabbage or coleworts, pompons, cucumbers, and the like.  
In stead of cheese at the end of meals, it will not be amiss to eat citron, or lemon pills condited, or else fennel, anise, coriander comfits, or biscuits and caraways, as well for to discuss and expel wind, as to shut and close the stomach, for the better furthering the digestion of meats and drinks. And for that purpose, it would be much better, if the Physician, who is of counsel, should appoint and ordain some fit and proper Tragea in gross powder mixed with sugar, or else made into little cakes or morsels. Likewise marmalade of quinces either simple or compound, (such as the Physicians do often prescribe to their patients) may be used very commodiously.  
After dinner they ought to use no violent exercise, neither ought they to sit still, sadly, heavy and musing, nor to slumber and sseep; but rather to stir a little, and to raise up the spirits for an hour or two, by some fit recreation. After supper they may take a walk into the fields, or Castle yard.   

CHAP. XVI. Of the Symptoms or accidents, which may now and then chance to happen to some one or other in the use of this water.  
ALthough those who are of good and strong constitutions, observing the aforenamed direction, do seldom or never receive any harm, or detriment by drinking this water: notwithstanding it may sometime so fall forth, that some of the weaker sort may perhaps observe some little, or small inconvenience thereby, as retention of it in the body: inflation of the belie: costiveness, and the like. Wherefore to gratify those, a word or two of every one shall suffice.  
1. Then, for to cause a more ready and speedy passage of it by Urine, it will not be amiss to counsel the party after his return to his lodging, to go to his naked bed for an hour or two, that thereby warmness and natural heat may be brought into each part of the body, the passages more opened, and nature by that means made more fit and apt for the expulsion of it. During which time it will be very requisite to apply hot  to the stomach: but not so as to provoke sweat. Or else, to cause it to void and evacuate either by urine, stool, or sweat, exercise will be a good help and furtherance; if the party be fit for it. But if neither of these will prevail, than a sharp clyster ought to be administered.  
The inflation or swelling of the belly happeneth principally to those, who have seeble and weak stomaches; who may do very well to eat anise, fenel, or corriander comfits at the fountain between every draught, and to walk a little after; or else some carminative Lozenges, made with grossepowders, spices and seeds for breaking of wind: or what other thing the learned Physician shall deem to be most fit and proper in his wisdom and judgement. But if the inflation chance to be very great, than a carminative clyster must be ordained.  
Such as shall be very costive may do well to eat moistening meats, and to use mollifying herbs, raisins stoned, corants, damascene prunes, butter, or the yolks of eggs, and the like in their broths, or pottage. If these will not be sufficient, then let a day be spared from drinking the water, and let the party take some lenitive medicine, laxative corants, or some such like thing; whereof the Physician hath ever great choice and variety, wherewith he can fit directly every one his case; to whom present recourse ever aught to be had, when any of these, or the like accidents do happen, as likewise in all other cases of weight and moment.    

A Relation of certain particular Cures, Done by virtue of Mineral waters, near Knaresborow in the West-riding of the County of Yorkshire.  By Mr. Michael Stanhope. 
BEFORE entrance be made into the ensuing Narrations, it will not be amiss for the satisfaction of such who are mere strangers to the knowledge of these waters, to let them know, that it is now full six years since notice hath been given to the world by a Book called Spadacrene, or the English Spa, (written by Dr. Deane, a learned Physician of the City of York) of certain Mineral waters, seated in the Forest of Knaresborow, in the West riding of Yorkshire. Since which time divers have repaired to them from remote places, (according to their several necessities) to experiment them, invited by the Doctors promised probabilities of their useful operations. What hath been the event and success, I have undertaken to present to the public view.  
That Spa Springs though they usually challenge (as doth the Spa in Germany, which is the reason we give them the same name) a singularity in easing and curing (such as are curable) of the Stone and Gravel, as also in opening the obstructions of the Spleen, and allaying all Melancholy effects and passions, yet it will appear by the subsequent Discourse and Relations, that this kind of water hath other rare and secret influences and operations, which hath procured no small wonder in those who have observed the effects; the particular instances whereof, (without any longer suspending thy expectation) I now intent to enter upon, beginning first with the cure and alleviation of the stone, and other distempers incident to the Kidneys and Reins.  
In the year 1626. Mistress Rolf of Hadley in the County of Suffolk, having occasion to give a visit to some of her near friends in Yorkshire, within a few weeks of her stay there, she found herself suddenly surprised with extraordinary sharp fits, which by their symptoms did manifestly appear to be the stone. Hereupon she applied herself to the Physician's advice, but finding little or no ease by their prescriptions (though probable ones) she was persuaded to try the new water at Knaresborow, where she had not continued above a fortnight, but she voided many stones, to the number of an hundred bigger and less, whereby she was quit of all her pain, and hath ever since continued in health, free from all manner of annoyance in that kind.  
Henry Curra of Whardale in the Western parts of Yorkshire, servant to Sr. Peter Middleton, about the age of 50 years, having suffered much pain for divers years, his fits of the stone being so violent, that he was not able to rid on horse back, or to lie in his bed an hour together without rising, nothing that he could take affording him any ease, he went at last to the Spa Spring, where having drunk the water about a month, he voided divers stones, some whereof he hath to show, being bigger than a great Pea. He returned home eased of all his pain, he recovered his strength, and is now well able to ride about his occasions without any disturbance, nor hath he ever since (being now three years) had any fits worthy of complaint.  
Henry Rowly of Linton, near Weatherby in Yorkshire, of the age of sixty years, much perplexed a long time with the stopping of his water, by his repair to the Spa, voided much gravel, and from that time was no more troubled so long as he lived:  
Mistress Barker of Door in Darbeshire, about the age of 34 years, had a dangerous ulcer in her Kidney, besides a very obstructed body, wherewith she was brought so low, that she was not able to go without the support of one or two; her stomach had lost its appetite, not able through weakness to digest any meat, no nor the most apt broths that could be made, so that she was forced to sustain nature by returning to her infant pap. In this weak and desperate condition (having formerly not spared to use all the helps that could be devised by the Physician) she was gently brought to the Spa, not expecting (as she told me herself) to be recovered, only she thought it not fit to be wanting to any means that might be propounded. It pleased God to give such a blessing in the use of the water (which she daily drunk as well as she was able) that within a few days there came from her an incredible deal of putrid matter, which gave her such ease, that by degrees she gathered strength, her inward parts were deopilated, her stomach restored, and within the compass of five weeks she was (to the wonder of all that had taken notice of her) reduced to a most apparent state of health and ability of body. I seeing her this Summer, 1631. at the Spa, (for it was the foregoing year she had received her Cure, and this year came only to the water to confirm herself) could not but admire to behold so fresh a look, and so well-liking a body, considering the report of her former exceeding weakness.  
I will not say it were time lost, but it might be better spent then to multiply all the known examples in this kind, the foregoing ones being of sufficient proof to make good the waters efficatious use in the infirmity of the stone. Not that I am to seek for more, for I might (but that I willingly avoid superfluous tediousness) add to the other.  
Mistress Ellis, wife to Mr. Ellis Minister at Beaverley, who received a wondrous cure in the like ulcerated part.  
Mistress May, a Citizen's wife of York, who after many years trouble, (being of great age) was absolutely freed from her long continued fits of the stone, with divers others whom I purposely omit (nothing being more ordinary) that others may come into play (though of a differing kind, yet) of remarkable note.  
For Melancholy and Splenetique effects, there are few or none (that I have ever yet heard of, who have repaired to this Spa water, but have found extraordinary ease, and a great abatement of those disturbances which are the ordinary unwelcome attendants of that distemper.  
Amongst others Mr. Sacheveril of Derbishire (hearing of this Spa water) came to York to advise with D. Dean, who after he had fitly prepared his body (a rule grossly omitted by many) sent him to Knaresborow to drink of the water, being in the year 1630, to his great relief. For whereas he had been exceedingly long time perplexed with many fearful passions, and upon slight occasions apt to entertain horrid and astonishing imaginations, (the ordinary companions of that disease called Hypochrondriaca passio) he returned to York to give D. Deane thanks for his sending him to the water, professing his spirits to be much cheered, his fancy cleared from all cloudy and misty conceits, which his very look and inspection did witness, and so he returned home, continuing ever since in a constant tenor of a quiet and uninterrupted condition.  
Mistress Air, wife to M. Anthony Air of Rampton in Nottinghamshire, a Gentlewoman of much worth and esteem for her approved virtue, and all other rerequisites that give lustre to her Sex, had (with the expense of much money) tried what could be done in the taming and qualifying of that same dull melancholy humour, herself not unseen (as in many rare secret so) in curious receipts of that kind, at length grew weary in trying conclusions, receiving little or no benefit by any. She was drawn at last by report of the Yorkshire Spa, to try the effects of it, which was in the year 1629. where she found more comfort and case by one months' use of the water, than she could ever receive by all the best advise her money could purchase.  
Others I have known affected or rather afflicted in this kind, who have acknowledged to have received great benefit by this water, who's names & stories I spare, the forenamed being sufficient instances of the powerful effect of this water in moderating this same Ludibrium Medicorum, the melancholy humour.  
I shall now present a missellany of other cures, or rather wonders, worthy the serious consideration of the learned, and the admiration of all.  
M. William Thompson Postmaster of Weatherby in Yorkshire, had continued desperately sick of a hectic fever 28 weeks, living then in Cambridge shire. He had used the advice of the best Physicians in those parts, and was at last given over as a man past hope, his weakness being such, that he went not to stool in all that time, but by the help of a suppository, or the like means. In this poor estate (hearing of this water) he adventureth in the depth of winter (a most unseasonable time by the consent of all those who writ of the use of these kind of waters) to experiment them, and so with some difficulty he was brought to Weatherby being distant from Knaresborow four miles. Having rested a day or two, he began to drink of the water, which had such good effect in him, that without any pain at all he had the benefit (the first day) of nature, and within a few days he found a strange alteration in his body, his stomach was quickened, and his spirits strangely revived. He continued the drinking of the water 14 days, till at length he was not sensible of any defect that might cause him to make any longer use of it.  
To be short, within a small time (through God's blessings) merely by this water, he was restored to be a perfect man, and so continueth. This was in 1628.  
Mr. Foules a gentleman of Scotland, and advocate of Edenborow, about the age of 57 years, through a weakness of all his limbs proceeding (as may be supposed from a relaxation of the sinews, was not able (but with much trembling) to lift his hand to his mouth, or to get on, or off his horse, but with much help, he came to Knaresborow in the year 1627. where having stayed about a month, drinking every morning of the Spa spring, and making use of the Sulphur water by way of bath at his lodging, before he departed he was able to perform all fit offices about himself, without the aid of any, and hath continued in good state of body ever since.  
Mr. Rauden of Rauden in Yorkshire, had been many years soar vexed with terrible pangs, and gripe in his body, so that through the continual extremity of his distemper, his flesh was decayed, his appetite lost, and his sleep very short and unquiet. He had used the advice of some of the best Physicians of the Kingdom, but finding little or no ease, he came to try what the Spa water would do, being then but newly divulged. Not many days after he had drunk of the water, he avoided two great chains of worms, being either of them above a yard long, which though they seemed divers worms linked together, by several motions in many parts at once (which had they been, would have amounted to thousands) yet were but one, of which the learned report that kind of worm to be of a strange and scarce credible length. About four days after he voided 4 other single worms, great & very long, but dead: After which he voided no more, but was freed from all manner of pain, and by degrees and steps ascended again to his former best health, and hath continued a a sound man ever since.  
The confident knowledge hereof invited a Gentleman (a neighbour of his) called Rockley, having continued long a very infirm man, and not able by any means to understand the cause of his weakness, to try the water, where after he had stayed a few days, there came from him fourteen worms, or rather Monstra as some will term them, every one about an inch long and alive, their heads were black, and their tails tipped with black, all of them having many feet, about 6 days after he voided 4 more of the like form alive: Most of them he kept alive in a box a few days which were seen of many, with no little wonderment. Since which time he hath recovered strength, and liveth now in very good health.  
The Lady Vavasor (wife to Sir Tho. Vavasor Baronet of Yorksh.) had lost in a manner the use of all her limbs through what distemper I know not, but she was brought to such a degree of weakness, that child like she was rocked in a cradle: there were no means unassayed which might re-inable her, but all in vain. In this estate she was brought to the Spa water, by the use whereof (by God's mercy) she was restored to strength and health.  
One William Shan of Medley in Yorkshire, being much troubled with the stopping of his water, which caused intolerable pain, in a desperate method in one of his fits (being a man of extraordinary courage) caused an instrument of Iron to be made by an ordinary smith about the bigness and length of a packneedle. This (not any other daring to do it) he (boldly rather than wisely) thrust up into his yard, and pulling it forth violently, he opened the passage, so that a great quantity of water with an intermixture of blood issued forth, by reason of a dangerous wound made by the instrument, which after proving ulcerous, could by no means be healed. He (at his last refuge) repaired to the Spa water, where within a few days he received not only cure of his former stoppage of water, but was perfectly cured of his ulcer.  
One Walls of Copeland in the County of Northumberland, about the age of fifty years, being of an extraordinary corpulency of body, his belly especially of a vast greatness. For divers years he had not been able to go the space of an hundred yards (especially if it were an ascent) without resting himself, his breath failing him upon the least extraordinary motion. By the drinking of the Spa water he was brought to that pass within three weeks, that his belly did fall to an ordinary size, he was able to go from the Town of Knaresborow to the Spring (which is a mile and a half, part of it being a great ascent) without any desire of ease, and hath continued ever since a man as able to foot it, as most of his age.  
The like effect the late Right Honourable Countess of Buckingham found, who this last Summer 1631. vouchsafed to honour the Northern Spa with her presence. Her infirmity (I have it from her own mouth) was a shortness of breath, not being able to get up an ordinary pair of stairs, but with much difficulty of breathing, and resting once at the least. There is none will question but her ample fortune was able to command the choicest helps of Physic: Which failing she had recourse to Wellingborow, but even that water (so much famed) was not able to perform any thing worth her stay. At last she was advised by a learned Artist (who was no stranger to this our Spa) to make trial of our water. Her Honour was pleased to tell me (having drunk orderly of the water about ten days) that she found the whole frame of her body reduced to a very good temper, and for that particular, which occasioned her coming to the water, she did profess seriously, that she was well able to mount two pair of stairs without either support, or the least desire of respite. The time of the year was somewhat too far spent at her coming to the water (for it was the middle of August) so that the coldness of the air and frequent showers, forced her departure before the water could finish its work, which was no small prejudice to her after being.  
Mrs Fairweather of the City of York, dwelling in Micklegate had been long troubled with a dizziness in her head (call it the Vertigo or what you please) so that if she did but stoop to the ground (looking downwards) she was ready to fall; by the use of the Spa water for the space of a month was absolutely freed from this her distemper.  
The Lady Hoyl wife to the new Lord Mayor of the City of York, after she had been the mother of four children, did fall into a strange infirmity. Her face (for the most part every ten or eleven weeks after she had conceived) did swell and grow very red, many knots arising in divers parts of her face. The swelling sometimes was such that it almost deprived her (for the time) of her sight: during the continuance of which trouble she miscarried of three or four children together. It must be supposed one of her ability (being happy also by enjoying a tender loving husband) could want no means that part could afford, but no proof or good success was found. She was at last advised to repair to the Spa, where she stayed about three weeks, finding apparent signs of her body's alteration. Within two months of her return home, it pleased God she conceived, continuing in a constant state of health to the time of her delivery. She hath since then been blest with divers children, not having the least touch of her former distemper.  
A poor boy about the age of 13 years, had often strange fits like those of the Epilepsy, or falling sickness, yet somewhat differing from the ordinary fits of that disease, neither soaming at the mouth, nor showing any distortions of countenance. He would lie (as if he had been dead) the space of a quarter of an hour, without the least motion. In this case he had continued a year and more, and did usually fall two or three times a day. He was brought to drink of the Spa water, and within ten days did so alter, that he did not fall above once in six day's space. He returned home in hope of recovery, yet too soon if my advice might have taken place; but the party that brought him thither, told me he was not able to stay in regard of the charge.  
Mistress Sadler daughter to that same reverend Sage of the Law, Sir Edward Cook (let her pardon me that I close the relations of the Spa with her name, who for her worth and excellent parts deserved to be ranked and equalled with the best of her sex) came to the Spa in the year 1630. Her distemper, (as near as I can inform myself) was a long continued fixed pain in her head: It is very probable that she received benefit by the waters use, which encouraged her to repair to the water again the last year 1631. And pity it were she should not find good success, she shown herself so rare a pattern of patience, in attending the issue of six week's stay, not any one that I have observed, proceeding in the whole course in drinking of the water, with such constant observation of all those Rules which are requisite to be observed, by those who expect the benefit by the water.  
And now having finished what I think fit to instance concerning this our Spa water, I will add a few experiments of the Sulphur Spring.  
Maud Bog (for by that name she is commonly known) a woman of an ordinary condition, dwelling in the City of York, about the age of 50 years, had a swelling about her ankle, which had continued long: the place was for the most part, very red and hard, whereunto was applied divers means by the Surgeons to bring it to a head, but nothing availed. Her pain did daily increase, the part was grown monstrously great, whereby she began to lose the use of her limb. She was at length advised to go to the Sulphur Spring near Knaresborow, whither (with much ado) she was brought on Horseback. The next day after her coming, she drunk liberally of the water, which purged her in a violent manner, and at night she bathed her leg in the water at her lodging. This course she continued three days, during which time the swelling abated very much, and she was able the fourth day to tread on the ground so boldly and firmly that without expecting any further operation of the water, she returned to the City of York on foot, as if she scorned any other help, and within a week she was so perfectly cured, that divers who had seen her swelled leg, did admire to see her troth up and down the City, as if she never had ailed any thing. This was in the year 1627. This Summer being 1631. I spoke with her at York from whom I had her story. D. Dean and divers in York taking special notice of it.  
In 1629. there came a poor man to make use of the Sulphur Spring, whose name and abode I have not had the opportunity to learn. He had a great swelling in his knee which had continued long; be place was exceeding hard to feel too, and grown over with hair nor could the force of any medicine make it to yield to any abatement or suppuration. He drunk of the water daily, which purged him, and bathed his leg often in it, within less than a fortnight the part did sensibly soften, and soon after did break; whence issued a great number of small worms, to the amazement of divers. Freed from these he was much refreshed, and in few days returned home, by all appearance a sound man. A noble Knight [St F.F.] (who lived then near Knaresborow) took (as there was good cause) special notice of this strange cure) whose unblemished reputation is a sufficient warrant to satisfy me in the publishing of it.  
One Benson who dwelleth near the Spring, assured me a poor woman had received the like cure in one of her breast whereof he was a witness.  
There is nothing more familiar then for poor people to repair to this Spring, most of them (that have the patience to stay) receiving cure of old sores, and ulcerated parts. What inward diseases this water doth properly respect, hath not yet (which is great pity) been judiciously examined: but that it may be usefully applied, this one following instance may fully satisfy.  
One Smith, a Shoemaker dwelling in the City of York, was extremely overgrown with the Scurvy, so that he was in some danger of his life, usual medicines nothing availing. He was at length advised by a learned Scholar in the City (by profession a Divine, yet versed of late in Physical notions) to send for the Sulphur Spring water to his house, which he not very willingly did, thinking it a hard task to drink water in the cold of Winter. His ordinary draught was half a pint in the morning, which had such good success in him, that within less than a month he was by this and other means, quit of this disease.  
The like effect a good old man in the City experimented to his great relief.  
Lo here two Springs of admirable operations! And if an exact Sumetritian by the proportion of Hercules his foot, be able to collect the whole fabric of his body, why may not the learned (whose serious thoughts are bend upon the Theory of Nature's secrets) from these examples deduce excellent conclusions of large and ample use.  
I had thought to shut up this Discourse, but that I am loath to smother any thing that may tend to the public good.  
Those who have observed the wonders of this our happy Isle, have taken notice of a Spring seated underneath the Castle of Knaresborow, commonly called The dropping Well, famous for the turning of whatsoever is cast into it, or casually falls in (as moss, leaves, sticks, and the like) into stone: whereupon it is that this Spring is visited of many by way of admiration. But time hath of late discovered a Physical use of this water, namely that it is an infallible cure for a flix.  
This year 1631. it was my chance to be a witness of this particular, A Minister of Yorkshire, one Greatheed, came to Knaresborow to give his attendance on a Noble Gentlewoman, whose infirmity did crave the aid of the Spa water: He (not intending to drink of the water seriously) thought he might safely now and then (as many do for companies sake) take a few draughts of the Spa Water: within a weeks stay (by what accident I know not) he was overtaken with a violent flix, which continued three days in such a degree of excess, that there was just cause to fear. At that time there was happily in the house a Physician of good note, one Dr Web (a Gentleman of extraordinary curious parts, besides his exact knowledge in his profession, to whom those Northern waters are indebted for his careful examination of them, and his willingness to advance their due fame) whose advice being craved, (and time it was to advise, for the party was brought so weak, that he was stepped into a degree of convulsions) he (out of former experience in a noble Lady in the same case, who (all other means failing) had present help by this Dropping Well) presently caused him to drink a draught of the said water, which without dallying instantly stayed the flux, so that within a few days he became a strong man.  
FINIS.