A DECLARATION of the EARTHLY FLATFORM.  
THe Centre of the Earthly round is the North-Pole, the circles that run round about it, are the circircles of the breadth, who are taken from ten to ten Degrees, which I do also place for the Climates and Parrelels, calling the first, from the North-Pole as far as on 80 degrees the Climate of the North-Pole, and the second which followeth upon it, I call the Northern Ice-Climate, and the third the Swedish-Climate, the fourth is called the English or Dutch-Climate, the fifth is called the Italian or French-Climate, the sixth the Asirian, the seventh the Egyptian, the vl is called the Happy Arabian-Climate, the ninth is called the Mores-Climate, the tenth being the first that lieth over against the Southside of the line I do call the Brasilian-Climate, the eleventh which tendeth as far on 20 degrees over the Southside of the Midleline, I call the Peruvian, the twelfth I call the Paraguayan-Climate, the thirtenth I call the Chilian-Climate, the fourteenth the Wild-Climate, the fifteenth I call the Magelanian-Climate, the sixtenth the Unknowne-Climate, the sevententh I call the Southern-Ice-Climate, the eighteenth being the last, tending unto the South-Pole, that I call the Climate of the Southern-Pole, but the three last mentioned are needless, because the World is there abouts unknown, and being also but a small part, the Climates then being thus placed and circled out on the Eathly Flatform, than you can Immediately See under what Climate every Land lieth.  
The lines rised from the Centre to the out most side are the lines that show the length of the Lands, they are likewise from ten to ten degrees, Placed on the Meredian of netherlands.  
The length gins from the Pike of Cannaria. All other circles are plainly figured on the Earthly Flatform, so that I think it needleese to put them in here.  
On the Earth there are three forts of convenienees fore dwelling considered, they are distinguished with those names, Paeriaeci, Antaeci, and Antipodes.  
●he Periaeci are those that dwell over against on other, in the same Parallel, and under the Meredian, with them ●●●●ve Common the Seasons of the year, as Winter, Summer, etc. The temperateness of the air, the lengthe●●● and shortening of Days and nights, lying under one same Climate: but herein we are differing from them, our noon ●●eir midnight, and their noon or midday is our midnight.  
The Antaeci are those that dwell under on same half Meridian, lying the one towards the South and the other towards she North, and the one dwelling as far from the midleline as the other, with them we have Common the ●oon and the midnight: but concerning the Seasons of the year we differ from them, fore our Summer is their Win●er, and our longest days are their shortest ones.  
The Antipodes a●e those that dwell right over against us on the other side of the Earth-Globe, and going with their feet against ours. With them we have all things turned or differing, the Seasons of the year, days and nights, when in ●ummer time the Sun affords us the longest days, than they have Winter and the longest nights; we have with them 〈◊〉 Horizon, but it is contrariely fore when the Sun, Moon and Stars do rise with us, than they go under with them.  
Those three sorts of dwelling places you can easily discern on the Earthly Flatform, the use thereof being very ●●y. I will demonstrate it all by some exemples: whereby you May easily understand it.  

THE FIRST PROBLEM.  

Fore to Measure the distance of all places of the Earth on the Heavens-Mirrour.  
Fore this intention you may take upon the Earthly Mirror any place you desire.   

I. EXEMPLE.  
desiring to know how manny Dutch leagues that our Neatherland●sh Antaezi, or them that dwell over against us, are distant from us, they are those that dwell 52 degrees over the South side of the line according as we dwell 52 degrees over the North side, that is from us to the Southward 104 degrees, multiply those ●04 degrees with 15 leagues, and there will be 1560 leagues fore the distance. The Islands of Tristan de Cunha, and Gonkalo de Alvaris are our nearest Antaeci.   

II. EXEMPEL.  
desiring to know how far Neatherland lieth from its Antipodes, they are those that dwell 180 degrees to the East and to the Westward from us, as also as far to the South and to the Northward, which is near about Selandia nova, and fore to know this distance, you must multiply 180 degrees with 15 leagues, and there will be 2700 leagues fore the distance.   

III. EXEMPLE.  
desiring to know how many leagues our Periaezi, those that dwell 180 deg. due E. or Westward from us, upon the same Northern breadth of 52 degrees.  
Here follow with the doing.  
Lay the Dial A upon the circumferrence of the little Mile quadrant, and that upon 52 degrees, and give then a sign or mark● the Dial A, then turn the said dial with the sign upon the diameter, and See then how many leagues the signe lieth off from the Centrum, you shall find near enough 9¼ leagues, which is fore on degree, the Parallel of 52 degrees you must multiply with 180 degrees, and you shall find 1665 leagues fore the distance of our Paeriezi, them of Jedzo Eastly from Japonia are almost our Pariezi.   

iv EXEMPLE.  
desiring to know farther, some certain distances (over the Awry strokes) as by Exemple the distance between Rotterdam and Jerusalem, as also on what compass struck the City of Jerusalem lieth from us; fore to do this, you find Rotterdam on the Earth Mirror to lie near enough upon the 52 degrees N. breadth, and 20 deg. length, and Jerusalem on 32 deg. breadth, and 61 deg. length.    

Here followeth the doing of it.  
You must Place the on foot of the Compassis upon 32 Degrees, and the other upon 52 degrees on the dial P, being the difference of the breadth, with this opening you must place on foot of the compassis on the edge-side of the dial M, (which lying upon the East-line) and that upon 41 degrees off from the Centrum M, being the difference of the length, and the other foot rectangularly from the edge-side M to the Southward; than you must turn the dial P to and fro till the edge-side of the said dial comes to touch the foot of the Compassis (See then how many degrees the dial P lieth from the East or Southward, you shall find it to be 32 degrees 3 minutes, being near enough Southeast by East that the City of Jerusalem lieth from Holland.  
Fore to find the distance, than you must width the Compassis take the with of latitude of 20 deg. on the dial M being th● difference of the Compassis with this opening you must slide the compassis right Triangularly along by the dial M ha●● placed one foot upon the East line, till the other foot comes to touch the edge-side of the dial P, (which lieth upon the c●●●●se) and then you must further place one foot of the Compassis upon the dial P on the touching point, and open then 〈◊〉 other foot unto the Centrum of the dial P, and then finally, you must place with this opening one foot of the Compassis in the Centrum of the dial M, and the other downwards, and see then how many degrees the Compassis reaches upon the dial M, you shall find near enough 35 deg. 30 m. those you must multiply with 15 leag. and there will be 532½ dutch leag. fore the distance, which is between Rotterdam and the City of Jerusalem. Do so in all other occasions of this like.  
Here followeth now who to know by an appointed time and place how late it is in all Lands and Towns of the whole Earth.  

I. EXEMPLE.  
desiring to know who late it is on the Island Zeylan, when at the same time at Rotterdam it is noon or 12 a clock.  
Fore the doing of it, you must lay the dial A or P upon 12 a clock, being very near our noon, and the dial B or 〈◊〉 you must lay upon Zeylan see then on what hours and minutes the dial B or M lieth, and that shall be the true time the Island Zeylan.   

II. EXEMPEL.  
When it is at Rome 11 a clock in the fore noon, how late is it then at Amsterdam?  
Fore to know this, you must lay the dial A or P upon Amsterdam, and the dial B or M over Rome, than you must turn both dials firmly, in such manner that the dial B or M comes to lie upon 11 a clock, see then on what hour and minute the dial A or P lieth, which is the right time at Amsterdam.   

II. EXEMPLE.  
Desiring to know on the Southern breadth of 40 degr. being on the 21 of June, at what time the Sun doth there rise. Then you must place one foot of the Compassis in the Centrum of the dial B, and the other foot downwards, as far as on 23 deg. 30 min. being at the said time the Declination of the Sun, with this opening you must place one foot of the Compassis on the dial B upon the compliment of the Poles higth of 50 degr. and turn the dial B from the E. to the N. till the other foot of the Compassis comes triangularly to touch the East line of 6 a clock, see then upon what hour and min. the dial B lieth, you'll find near enough in the morning 17 hours 30 min. being there the rising of the Sun, the same is its going under in the evening at 4 a clock 35 min.  
Nota. You must know that if you will, use the Heaven's Flatform over the Southside of the Equinoctial Line, than you must take the house contrary to that as they are signed upon the Heaven's Mirror, fore that which is over the North-line 4 a clock in the morning, the same is Southly from the line 8 a clock in the morning, and so is the rest accordingly.   

III. EXEMPLE.  
Desiring to know on the Northern breadth of 40 degrees, being the first of August, what time the great Dog Syrius shall rise. Lay the Dial B over Syrius and the Dial A upon the first of August, than you must place one foot of the compassis upon the Centre of the Dial B, and open the other as far as on 16 degr. 15 min. being the declination of Syrius, with this opening you must place one foot the compassis on the Dial B, upon the compliment of the Poles higth of degrees. Then you must firmly turn both Dial's alike from the E. to the S., till the other foot of the compassis comes triangularly to touch the East line of 6 a clock. See then upon what hour and minutes the Dial lieth, you'll find near enough 4 a clock 42 minutes. Fore to find its going under, you must firmly turn both dials alike from the West to the Southward till the other foot of the compassis comes triangularly to touch the West line of 6 a clock, see then upon what hour and min. the Dial A lieth, you'll find 2 a clock 48 minutes.    

III PROBLEM.  
How to find at all set times the Declination of the Sun upon the Heaven's mirror. Which is indeed very profitable for all Sea men, fore it serves not only fore this present Age, but also fore the future Age of 100 years; when all Books that are made fore that purpose shall be of no worth.  
Fore to find the Declination of the Sun upon the Heavens-Mirrour, you must know that the Sun's place is there set according to the two Jeers, before and after the Leap-year, and that especially upon the future Age, which doth almost differ a whole degree in the Sodiack with this present Age to the year 1700, and in the Sun's Declination in March and September about 24 minutes. So that all Tables of the Sun's Declination which are reckoned out with such a difficult calculation, shall after the year of 1700 be of no use or worth to any Seaman; because the year of 1700 must be a common year. Desiring then to know the Declination of the sun upon some certain or set day in this present Age, than you must always lay the dial A one day farther than theset day, and in the second year after the Leap-yeare you must lay the dial upon the midst of the day, but being the third year after the Leap-year, than you must lay the dial A on the first fourth part, being in the Sodiack about 15 min. backward.  
But being the first year after the Leap-yeare, than you must lay the dial upon the third fourth part of the day, being very near 20 min. farther in the Sodiack, then in the third year.  
And when it is a Leap-yeare, than you must lay the dial A upon the beginning of the day, till to the 28 of February; but being after the 28 of February, than you must all the year along lay the dial A upon the end of the day. And if you do truly understand and perform this, thou you will at all times know the Declination of the Sun so perfect and exactly, as the Navigation requires. This is the Head thing I have to say of my Heavens-Mirrour.  

I. EXEMPLE.  
Desiring to know the Sun's Declination on the 30th. day of April 1691 or 95 being the third year after the Leap-yeare, than you must lay the dial A upon the first of May, to wit upon the fourth part of the park of that day. See then where the Dial doth cut or touch the Sodiack, you find it to be very near the 10th. degr. 15 min. (being at the ame time the true place of the Sun) that is 40 degr. 15 min. of ♈. Farther you must lay the Dial A over the 40 degr. 15 min. off from ♈., in the degrees of the Equinoctial or hour circle, than you must place one foot of the Compassis on the dial A upon the greatest Declination of the Sun, being 23 degrees 32 min. than you must open the other foot of the Compassis towards the Line of 6 a clock, to come triangularly with this opening of the compassis. Then you must place one foot of it in the Centre of the Dial A, and turn the other downwards, and see where it falls, you find it to be very near 14 degrees 55 minutes, being at the said time the Sun's Declination.   

II. EXEMPLE.  
Desiring to know the Sun's Declination on the 30th. of April 1688 or 92. being the first year after the Leap-yeare. Then you must lay the dial A on the first of May, upon the utmost of the days park, see then where the dial A doth cut the Sodiack, you find it to be very near the eleventh degree of Taurus, being the true place of the set time, that is 41 degrees of ♈. Then you must further lay the dial A on 41 degrees of ♈. as before, and place one foot of the Compassis on the dial A upon the greatest Declination of the Sun, being 23 degr. 32 min. than you must open the other foot of the Compassis, till it comes rect-angularly to touch the Line of 6 a clock, with this opening of the Compassis, you must place one foot of it in the Centre of the dial A, and the other you must turn downwards, seeing upon what degree and minute it falls, you'll find it to be very near 15 degr. and 10 min. being at the set time the true Declination of the Sun, differing little or nothing with the wise and artificial calculation, do so at all other times, till to the year of 1700, but after that time you must lay the dial upon the set day, considering that this use is principally (as I told you) practised and form upon the future Age, where upon we shall also give some exemples, which also will serve fore the better understanding of the former.   

III. EXEMPLE.  
Desiring to know the Sun's declination on the 30th day of April 1706. being the second year after the Leap-year. Then you must at the same time lay the Dial upon the middle of the park of the said day, and see where the Dial A doth touch the Sodiack, you'll find it to be very near the 9th degree and 30th minute of Taurus, being at the said time the true-place of the Sun, differing almost a whole degree with the Year of 1686, fore the Sun is 39 degr. 30 minute. of ♈ Than you must further place the Dial A on 39 degrees 30 minutes of ♈. upon the Dial, in the same manner as I told you before, and then you must place one foot of the Compassis on the Dial A upon the greatest declination of the Sun, being 23 degrees 32 min., than you mus●t open the other foot of the Compassis, till it comes triangularly to touch the Line of 6 a clock: with this opening you must place one foot of Compassis in the Centrum of the Dial A, and the other downwards, see then on what degree and minute the foot stands, you'll find it to be very near 14 degrees 42 minutes, which is on the said 30 day of April about noon, the declination of the Sun, differing also in the Sun's declination with the Year of 1686 almost 18 min. So that by this exemple you may see that all Boocks and Ta●●es concerning this matter which are formerly made, will altogether be in vain, and of no value, as soon as ever the Year of 1700 gins.   

iv EXEMPLE.  
Desiring to know the Sun's Declination in the year of 1710. when the Sun is in the 18th. degr. of ♌. Then you must lay the dial A upon the 18 degr. you'll also see that the dial doth then lie on the eleventh day of August, about on the third fourth part of the park of that day, being in the evening about 6 a clock. Then you must further lay the dial A upon the 42th. degree, from ♎. to Cancer upon the hour circle, being on the 18th. degree of ♌, than you must place one foot of the Compassis on the dial A upon 23 degr. 32 min. as before, on than you must open the other foot, rectangularly unto the Line of 6 a clock, with this opening you must place one foot of the Compassis in the Centrum of the dial A, and then you must turn the other foot downwards, and see on what degree and minute it falls, you'll find it to be very near 15 degr. 30 min. being at the said time the Declination of the Sun.  
FINIS.   

III. EXEMPLE.  
When it is noon at Batavia in the East-Indies, what time is it then at Cabo de bona Esperança?  
Fore to know this, you must lay the dial A or P upon the said Cape, and the dial B or M on Batavia, than you must firmly turn both dials a like to the Westward, till the dial B or M lieth upon midday or noon, and see then where the dial A or P lieth, which is then the true time at the said Cape.   

iv EXEMPLE.  
Lay the dial A or P upon midday or noon (under which Meridian the City of Rotrerdam lieth near enough) and the dial B or M over Japonia, and then you must firmly turn both dials alike to the Eastward, till the dial A or P comes to stand at one of the clock, see then on what hour and m. the dial B or M lieth, you shall find in the evening 10 of the clock and 24 m. to be then the true time at Japonia.   

V EXEMPLE.  
When at Rotterdam it is 11 a clock in the fore noon, what time is it then at the Islands Amsterdam, Middelburg and Rotterdam? which do not lie far from one Meridian, as you may see upon the Terrestre Planum.  
Lay the dial A or P upon midday or noon, being near enough over the City of Rotterdam, and the dial B or M over the said Islands, and then you firmly turn both dials about, till the dial A or P comes to lie upon 11 a clock, see then upon what hour and m. the dial B or M lieth, you shall find it to be upon the precedent day in the evening at 11 a clock and 36 m. By this exemple you may easily understand an apprehend the question, how it can be, that two Persons being born at one time, and died at one time, and that yet the one lived some days longer than the other.   

VI EXEMPLE.  
When at London is midday or noon, what time is it then at the outmost West-corner of Tartary?  
Lay the dial A or P upon London. and the dial B or M upon the West corner of Tartary, and turn firmly both dial alike upon midday or noon, see then where the dial B or M lieth you shall find it to be 8 m. past 10 a clock. whereby you may also understand the said question, and fore the better understandeng of it you may yet take this following exemple.  
Two ships being both bound to go out of Holland to new Sclandi●● the one going about by the Westward, and the other taking its course about by the Eastward, and their difference shall be just one day, because the first that goeth Westly about hath lost hall a day, and the other that goeth Eastly about hath won half a day, fore that which goeth about to the Eastward countenances the day, and that which goeth Westwardly about doth countenance the night.  
The Distiuguation of the Earth.  
The Earth is distinguished into four parts, as Europa, Asia, Africa, and America. The middle of the whole Earth contains in its roundness 360 degr. that is 5400 dutch leagues. Every one's length and breadth is as followeth.  
Europa contains in its length 1200 dutch leagues, and in its breadth it contains 675 d. leagues.  
Asia contains in its length 1800 dutch leagues, and its breadth 1275 dutch leagues.  
Africa contains in length 1200 dutch leagues, and in breadth 1050 dutch leagues.  
●●erica contains in its length 1950 dutch leagues, and is its breadth 1200 dutch leagues.  
●●●ing in the former spoken of the bigness of the Earth, so shall we here speak of the bigness of the Sea.  
〈◊〉 N. Sea contains in its length from Doeures and Calis to Hitland 200 d. leag. and in its breadth 120 d. leagues.  
●●e East Sea is long 300 dutch leagues and in its breadth in containg 135 dutch leagues.  
●he Ice Sea from Hitland to Greenland, contains of 150 dutch leagues in length, and in breadth 1200 dutch leagues.  
The Atlantik-Sea, or great North-Sea from Ice-land to the unacquainted Southland is 1800 dutch leagues, in its length and in its breadth 13500.  
The Mediterranean Sea contains in its length 745 dutch leagues, and in its breadth 150.  
The Adriatik Sea or Gulf of Venice contains in its length 120 d. leag. and in its breadth 35.  
The Balck-Sea near Constantinople is in its length 210. d. leag. and in its breadth 120.  
The Persian Sea, from Cabo Bonne Esperanca to the Islands de las Velas is long 1875 d. leag. and the breadth, from the ●y of Ormus in Persia to the unacquainted South-land, is 1200 dutch leagues.  
The Red-Sea is long 300 d. leag. and 45 leagues broad, the Persian Inham or Bay near the city of Ormus is in its length ●● dutch leag. and in its breadth 90  
The Mardel Zur or Peaceable Sea, being the biggest of all Seas, is in its length from the Islands de las Velas to the City Arica in Peru 2100 d. leag. and in its breadth from C. Houdo in the N. part of America to the unacquainted South-land 〈◊〉 contains of 1500 d. leagues.  
And the Tartarian-Sea contains in its length 750 d. leagues, and in its breadth it contains 450.  
All the said Seas do join to one, as you may see in the Earthly round.  
The Earth being in its four parts reckoned together contains of 10350 d. leag.  
And all the Seas being reckoned together make out 15185 d. leagues.  
Here we will in short terms communicate some notion, concerning the pressing or force of the Sea, and the opassing Winds.  
Between Brasil and Angola, about on 11 Degrees Southern Breadth, there is the Sea from the 20th. of April ●o the 20. of July, forced towards the North-West.  
And from the 20th. of July to the 20th. of October it is neither drive a to the one nor to the other fide.  
But from the 22th. of October to the 20th. of January is the Sea forced towards the South-West.  
And again from the 20th. of January to the 20 of April doth the Sea there drive neither to the one nor the other place.  
And about the Straight of David ther● is the forcing of the Sea from the East to the Southward, this is the reason which makes them that Sail from th●●ce to England or France to wonder, because their sailing is done sooner than they expected, according to their calculation.  
Concerning the Passing-Winds.  
From netherlands to the Cannarian Islands are the Winds changeable, Southly from the Canarian Islands there you have communly a N. E. Passing-Wind, and in the Months of January, February, and March, when you are upon 4 Degrees Northern breadth, where the South East and Eastly Passing-Winds do begin, but in summer time it runs quite Southly, and also somewhat farther to the Northward.  
The said North East Passing-Wind blows throng unto the West-Indys.  
On the Coast of Angola there you have continually southly winds, and from Cabo de bone Esperanca to St. Helena, and farther ●●to the Line, there you have commonly the wind about Souht Easily, and on the Coast of Brasil doth the wind from S●ptember to March commuly blow Eastly, and from March to Semptemb. about S. Eastly.  
Between 〈◊〉 and 35 degr. souther● breadth there you do communly find the Wind changeable, and southly from 35 degr, Southe●● breadth, there you have communly a Westly passing Wind throughout the whole year, but in the Months of January, February and March it is somewhat variable, and the farther you come the Southward, the harder the Westly Passing wind bloweth.  
Eastly from Madagascar, about on 10 or 11 deg. Southern breadth, there you have communly throughout the whole Indian Sea, an Eastly passing Wind.  
Between the Line and 10 or 11 degr. Southern breadth, there doth the Wind, from April to September ●●mmunly blow S. E. or Eastly, and in the other half Year Westly, but in the Month of December and January it blows vehemently.  
On the Coast of Arabia, Persia, Suratte, and God, and every where Northly from the Line, there doth the Wind from April to October, communly blow South-Westly with rough wether, which they do there reckon f●● their Winter, and continning the other half Year doth the wind communly blow North-Eastly, being 〈◊〉 Summer.  
On the Coast of of Java and the Islands Eastly from it there doth the wind, from November to April, communily blow Westly, and in the other half Year Eastly.  
From Fava to the Northward along by the Eastside of Sumatra, and farther unto Malacka, the doth there wind communly blow S. Eastly from April to October, and the other half Year N. Westly.  
From Patama, and farther to Cina and Japan there doth the wind blow Southly, from April to October, and in the other half Year Northly.  
Hereby you may in some manner understand and apprehend whence the pressing force of the Sea riseth, where neither ●●●e nor Flood goeth, which is communly attributed to the Moon. Where the wind concurs with the Ebbs or Flood, there is the pressing of the Sea so much stronger, and in the contrary, less, whereof you may Easily taken notice.