Every man's Right: or, ENGLAND'S PERSPECTIVE-GLASSE. Wherein may be seen, every man's Case, Face, Birthright, and just Liberty. Whereunto is added; The Copy of a Letter written by a Prisoner in the Fleet, unto a worthy Member of the House of Commons: Expressing the necessity of Justice, and the illegality of Imprisonment of men for Debt. Composed (primarily) for the Meridian of London and Westminster, and may prove very profitable, to enlighten the eyes of all the Commons of England, in this year of our long-expected Reformation, and Suppressions of Injustice, Tyranny, and Oppression, Anno 1646. Prov. 21.3.7.10.15. The soul of the wicked desireth evil, his neighbour findeth no favour in his eyes. It is joy to the just to do judgement, But destruction shall be to the workers of iniquity. To do justice, and judgement, is more acceptable than sacrifice. Prov. 24.23, 24. It is not good to have respect of persons in judgement (for) he that sayeth to the wicked, thou art righteous, him shall the people curse, and Nations shall abhorr●him. Prov. 31.8, 9 Therefore open thy mouth wide, in the cause of all such as are appointed to destruction; Open thy mouth, judge righteously, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. Eccles. 4.1. So I considered all the oppressions that are done, and behold the Tears of such as be oppressed, and they have no comforter, and on the side of their oppressors there is power, but the oppressed have no comforter. Job. 24.25. And if it be not so now, who will (or can) make me a Liar, and make my speech nothing worth. Fear not the face of the mighty, neither be dismayed at the looks of the haughty, for their end shall be suddenly. Printed, Anno 1646. The Copy of a letter written unto the worthy Member of the Honourable house of Commons, Mr. HENRY MARTIN, Apr. the 18. Anno 1646. HONOURED SIR, THe many gifts and graces displaying themselves in you, and by them setting forth your zeal to God's glory, and your Native Country's welfare, together with the hopes of comfort we apprehend in the restoration unto the place you possessed, when the Ordinance of Parliament passed for release of prisoners for debt, and others as unjustly restrained; incourages me to address myself unto you, not only in mine own particular, but also, for and in the behalf of all, suffering imprisonment for Debt, in those times in which the whole Kingdom is become Bankrupt; and enforced by a strong hand to work his peace for the restoration of her Liberty, Laws, and Religion in its purity, according to the true and only rule, The Word of God. Yet we poor creatures, whom the Lord by his just afflicting hand, hath bereft of all their estates, through several crosses and losses by Sea and Land, are still afflicted, imprisoned, and oppressed by those, who doubtless in their hearts, conceit themselves wiser than their Creator, and by that their fantastic wisdom, endeavour, by most cruel oppression and tyranny, over their brethren (like to the Alchemist) to extract something out of nothing; viz. Satisfaction of debts out of their Brethren, who have nothing, being bereft long before by the just hand of heaven. Only here is the difference; The Lord after his just judgement inflicted on us, did in mercy suffer us still to enjoy the liberty of our persons, and thereby the future use of our endeavours for subsistence, and the common air to breath in; But these most cruel, Mich. 7. ●, 3, 1, 5, 6. merciless, unjust, persecuting Nimrods', have not only (by that abominable Statute of Bancrupt) bereft us of all the remainder of our Estates, to the very covering of our nakedness; but also have most cruelly shut us up in their several prison houses for 8. 10. 20. years 30. years together, There their blood thirsty Souls (like so many Cainballs) feeding upon our bodies and lives, thinking to extract satisfaction for their debts out of the very ruins of our poor souls and lives, depriving us (in these their soul-destroying houses) of the very air, by the Lord allotted in common to every Creature to breath in, where our conditions is fare worse than the felon's case, who commonly within 2. or 3. months after their Commitment to prison, are by the Law, either aquitted of their Imprisonment, or by deprivation of life released out of their miserable sufferings; whereas our misery of Imprisonment for Debt, is contnued many years, and seldom ends, but by a violent (untimely, or natural) deprivation of our lives in extreme misery. Shall we the Inhabitants of England, who profess the true Knowledge, Honour, Love, and fear of God, and the Rule of true Christian Charity prove more cruel to our Brethren and fellow Members of the same Common Wealth, than Turks and Pagans, who knows not God in a saving way, or the unjust judge in the Gospel who cared neither for God nor man, yet because of the poor widow's uncessant importunity, he did her justice, by granting her just request, (God forbidden) fare be it, from this so knowing a nation, to mock God thus, in slighting, and neglecting him their Just and dreadful God in these his three chiefest attributes, of Mercy, Judgement, and Justice, in stopping their ears from the hearing lamentable cries, of the oppressed, and becoming dumb to speak in the behalf of the afflicted, oppressed, and long imprisoned, or to judge their righteous cause in a free current without respect of persons, and yet (with grief of heart be if spoken) our several uncessant humble requests, have now continued more than Five years, crying, knocking, and calling at the doors of the honourable Assembly of Parliament; for Justice, and Release, from this our unjustly enslaved Thraldom: But hither to have we reaped no fruits of our humble and just desires; For their faces have been hid, & their ears stopped against the cries of our afflictions, so that (as yet) none of our oppressions and wrongful sufferings are redressed (as in duty both to God and Man, they ought long since to have been) and then doubtless our enemies had been long ere this time at peace with us, & the Land should have enjoyed rest; For when the ways of men please the Lord, than (and not till then) shall their very enemies be at peace with them; For what do I require of thee O man saith the Lord; but to execute Justice, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God, to relieve the Widow, the Fatherless, and the stranger, and to let the oppressed, and long imprisoned go free: for in these things I delight saith the Lord: But my soul abhoreth the ways, of wickedness, Injustice, Tyranny, and Oppression. The long neglect of Justice (I think) hath brought down these heavy Judgements from the just hand of heaven upon this Kingdom in special, where God and his Statutes are so clearly known, but whether they be as truly practised or not, I refer to your Judgement, and to the due consideration of all such as truly love and fear God. For now ye purpose to keep under the People of God for Bond men and Bond women unto you; But are there not with, you even with you, sins against the Lord your God? And because we have not from the first sought the Lord, after a due order, and in the true practice and faithful execution of Justice, Judgement, and mercy: Therefore hath the Lord God made this breach upon us, as at this day to the Kingdom's woe. The neglect of Justice, Judgement, and mercy (and the practice of the contrary by the Israelites) informed the Lord to become an enemy unto them, to swallow them up by his judgements of Plague, Pestilence, Famine, and the Sword, and also to destroy all their strong holds and places of habytation in the Land, and to increase unto them, Mourning, Lamentation, and Woe, and can we, who are guilty of the same transgressions (if not more) being but wild branches of that Olive tree, presume to receive more favours from the hand of that most just God, than those his peculiar chosen people the Israelites▪ Certainly no, For what measure ye meet unto the poor, afflicted, and oppressed, shall be measured to you again. Oh that there were some just Jehoshaphat, to give some speedy and strict charge, for the due execution of justice, between man and man, in a free current without respect of persons, and without the taking of Fees, Gifts, (alias Bribes) and otherwise styled New-year's gifts. The 2 d. of Chron. 19.5, 6, 7, 9.10. verses. Or that there were in that honourable Assembly, some undaunted zealous Nehemiah, to stand up for the birthright and just liberty of his brethren (according to the true intent of his being called to that place of trust) & to enforce justice to take its free current without respect of persons (or the wages of Balaam) in despite of all wicked, abominable, opposers of the same: Nehem. 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. verses. And I wish also from my heart, that the 58, and 59 Chapters of Isaiah, the 58. Psalm, the 6. of Jeremiah, and the 22. of Ezekiel, were truly looked into, piously considered, and well weighed by all the Inhabitants of the Land, from the highest even to the lowest of them, and that they might open their mouths in the cause of the oppressed, and such as are appointed (by cruelty and tyranny) for destruction, that they might open their mouths and judge righteousness, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. I will say no more for this present, but only from my poor oppressed and afflicted soul, most earnestly and uncessantly wish and pray for the prosperity of Zion, and the peace and flourishing state of this Kingdom. Beseeching you also in the bowels of compassion to think upon your afflicted, oppressed, and long-imprisoned Brethren, to cast your eyes upon these enclosed papers; Entitled, An Appeal to Heaven; and the other called, A Declaration and appeal to all the freeborn People of England; and then (as the Lord shall direct you) to prove a Moses for our delivery out of this Egyptian bondage of unjust imprisonment, which is the most earnest and humble suit of him who is and will be Your assured friend in the Lord, to serve you in what he may to his power, JAMES FRES●. From my chamber of close imprisonment in the Fleet, since the 11 of Febr. 1645. (contrary to the Subjects liberty, and the Parliaments own vote, in the ease of Sir Rich. Wiseman and others, complaining of their close imprisonment in the year 1641.) this 〈◊〉 of April, 1646. Woe unto that Kingdom and people, where the wicked walk on every side (without control) and the vilest men are exalted to places of eminency and trust, Isai. 10.1, 2, 3, 4. that they may oppress and do violence with both hands, yea, that they may the more effectually exercise their cruel tyranny of injustice and oppression (without let or hindrance) upon the poor, the needy, the afflicted, oppressed, and long imprisoned, in especial upon such as honour, love, and fear God, and most earnestly wish the peace and prosperity of this Kingdom, some such as these have been brought to most untimely ends by Jailor, and their substitutes, others quite lamed by their Iron fetters, others of them have surfered unjustly, most cruel and heavy afflictions in several prison houses and denns of cruelty, from some (eminently supports) Jailers, and their cruel substitutes, yet hitherto none of these oppressed Christians have been righted; but rather discouraged from seeking any redress, their several Articles exibited against Jailers, extremely slighted, and themselves still exposed to the inhuman rage and unlimited cruelty of these Jailers, and their hellish substitutes, to be by them (if not murdered) yet beaten, abused, reviled daily, and starved to death, and decreppit by Irons, for instance the prisons of the King's Bench, the Fleet, and Newgate. Behold they tread upon the poor, they afflict the needy, they murder the innocent, and crush the prisoners under their feet, before the face of the most high, not regarding the Lord of Hosts, nor his Power, nor his Justice, nor his Judgements, although he hath divided them, in setting the Prince against the people, the Father against the Son, and one friend against another, and hath set the sword as a destroyer of them all, yet they still provoke the Lord of Hosts, the God of Justice unto wrath and indignation against themselves, by neglecting the due execution of Justice, Judgements and mercy, in a free current (without respect of persons, and the wages of Balaam) entitled, Fees, Nowyeers-gifts, and Bribes: It seemeth 〈◊〉 Riddle, not only to me, but also to many thousands in the Kingdom, that the greatest Contest between King and Parliament, being for the Liberty of the subject (and hath been the cause of so much efusian of Christion blood for almost 5. years together) the Peers of the Realm constantly enjoying the same, and yet the commonalty hitherto most unjustly debarred of the same, and still enslaved (as formerly) unto the arbitrary will and power of a few mercenary Lawyers whose profession and gain enslaves them to the will and disposition of the very worst and scum of men and women, and engages them (as hirelings) to maintain their cause at any bar of justice (so called) for the price of iniquity; I mean for their fee of ten or twenty shillings, be the cause never so base and unjust, so by them maintained. It is therefore to be considered, whether it be agreeable to justice, and the freedom and prosperity of this Nation, that the prosperity and flourishing state of a few Lawyers, Attorneys, jailors, and their adherents should be preserved before, the just liberty, peace, and well being of this whole Nation and their posterities, and whether it savour of Christianity or any Charity, to enslave your brethren to their works, and unjust wills, & to coop them up (as a bird in a cage) in your prison houses, and not to provide for their subsistence there, or for their determinate time of delivery from thence; but expose them to the oppression of their adversaries, and the several mercy's cruelties of Jailers and their cruel substitutes for many years, or whether the inrichment of a few Lawyers, Attorneys, Solicitors, Clerks and Jailers, be to be preferred before the flourishing Peace and tranquillity of this whole Nation, and also whether it be according to God's Law (whose people we profess ourselves to be) that justice should not be executed nor administered unto the poor of the Land in particular, nor to all in general, without the price and reward of iniquity, I mean without paying to Judges, Lawyers, Attorneys, Clerks, jailors, their deputies and servants, their several great (unjust) exacting Fees, Fees I say, and Newyears' gifts (besides Bribes) for expedition, and setting down of a sauce for hearing, or else it may be staved off by many juggling tricks and devices of our Lawyers from being heard, since the 44th. year of Queen Elizabeth's Rain until this present, especially in the Court of Chancery, where the succeeding Orders (like so many vipers) still eat up and devour all the preceding Orders, or that Court, and one cause of 40. l. value, produceth at the least 700. several orders before it be determined, and the expense of that Suit (on the Plaintiffs part only) amount unto 2500. l. at the least, these and such like causes (and the several commitments upon the same) makes Lawyers and jailors laugh, and both plaintiff and defendant to come heavily home by weeping cross, to the utter ruin of them and their posterity, and at the last enforces them to sell their Lands to their Lawyers, and Attorneys. We read that Samuel judged Jsrael many years, yet we read not, that he nor any of his Servants and subordinate Officers exacted or rceived any fees and rewards of the people for the administration of Justice, or that the people were barred from pleading their causes (but only by Lawyers, Advocates, and Attorneys) or that ever there were such a generation of men, or Instruments of contention known, or appointed by God's Law, to the overthrowing of many a poor and righteous man's cause, by their several tricks and unjust devices tending merely for their own ends, and self-advantage of private gain, although to the apparent enslaving of the Nation, and ruin of the People. Who, but some Lawyers, are (for these 5. years passed) conceived to be the only obstructors of Magna Charta, in point of the Subjects Liberty, and enslaving their persons in their several prison-houses, notwithstanding the people's several Remonstrances, Petitions, Declarations, and appeals unto the honourable houses of Parliament, and Commonalty of the Land, and instead of relief, their miseries have been augmented to them, by the cruelty of Jailers (who are countenanced) and the poor Prisoners complaints, rejected and themselves discouraged from exhibiting any further complaints against them, for Justice and Relief? who but Lawyers make merchandise of Justice, and confine the practice of the same, unto the Latin Tongue, and Pedlars French, like unto the Mass Priests, who in like manner confine the Service of God to the Latin Tongue that they may make merchandise of the word of God, and by keeping the people in Ignorance, enforce them (like slaves) to walk by their light, as the Lawyers and Attorneys do by this Nation; For their Tongues devise mischief, working deceitfully, because they love evil more than good, contention more than Peace, and lying, and swearing, more than to speak the truth, because contention, strife, and debate, is the only thing that brings the price of gain, Riches, Honour, and Preferment unto their Mill of contention and profession. The Lord in mercy look upon the deplorable, afflicted, oppressed, and distressed Estate of this distracted Kingdom, and now at the last (after five year's expectation) be pleased to open the eyes, and incline the hearts of the honourable Assembly in Parliament, unto the speedy and free execution and administration of Justice, Judgement, and Mercy, in a clear current without respect of persons, or the wages of Balam, that so the wrath of God may be appeased, his present Judgements diverted, and the poor, affllicted, oppressed, and long imprisoned, relieved and released, and also enabled to reap the fruits of justice against their oppressors. Psal. 123.4 Psal. 140.3. Psal. 142.6. And the high and honourable Court of Parliament also, thereby clearly acquitted of and from the several blemishes fastened on them (not only in this Kingdom but also in other Countries) for the neglect of the due administration of Justice (according to expectation upon their first Summons and convening) and the restoration of the Commonalty unto their just and ancient Birthright of Liberty, according to Magna Charta, and the late Petition of Right, ratified and confirmed by his now Majesty, more than 4. years since. I do also therefore in all humility, most humbly, and earnestly, implore the high and Honourable Assembly, Piously to consider, That the miseries happening to one man, at one time, may redound to another man the next, and that the same divine hand of power which at the first, did cast us down into the dust of reproach, misery, and oppression, is also able at his pleasure, to bring the mightiest, the richest, yea, the proudest down to the like dust of misery, and bands of oppression; Beseeching them also to consider, that if any their carses were the same with us, whether, they then would be willing & contented thus to suffer, & to be oppressed by the indirect practice of the Law, and Tyranny of Jailers, and their hellish Instruments; To be by them close imprisoned, put in Irons, starved, yea murdered in Goal (I trow not) yea, I am confident that they would account it a great measure of cruelty inflicted on them, or their posterity; and have not many thousands of ancient families in this Kingdom, (by imprisonment) been brought to utter ruin and destruction, and have not I known divers personages, nobly descended of very ancient Families in this Kingdom, that have perished miserably in Goal, and their misery not pitied by any, nor their death no more regarded by the Jailor, nor any his Substitutes, than the barking of a Dog. These things piously considered (according to the Rule of Christian Charity) it is then to be wished, that the facred Rule of our Saviour Christ might speedily be put in practice amongst the Inhabitants of this Land; from the highest to the lowest of them. To do as we desire others should do to us, and not like Cannibals, out of mere malice and revenge, (and the great gain by contention) to devour one another in prison houses, that so the God of Justice, Love, Mercy, and Peace, may receive us again to mercy, and return unto us, with healing in his wings. Note this well. For behold, wickedness and oppression shall not deliver those that are given to it, And there is a time wherein one man ruleth over another, to his own hurt, And because sentence against evil doers is not speedily executed; therefore the hearts of the Sons of Belial is fully set in them to do evil with both hands: For they lie in wait for blood, they haunt their Brethren with the net of cruelty and oppression. The best of them is as a Briar, or as a Thorny hedge unto his poor afflicted Brother; And if it be not so now, who will make me a liar, and make this my speech nothing worth, J●be 24 25. For thus saith the Lord, who art thou, that thou shouldest be afraid of men that shall die, and the Sons of men which shall be made as Grass, and forgettest the Lord thy maker, because of the fury of the oppressor, as if he were ready to destroy; Fear not the reproach of men, be not dismayed at their looks, neither be afraid of their revile; for the Moth and the Worm shall eat them, horrer, coufusion, and eternal destruction shall take hold of them, And where (then) is the fury of the oppressor? I am he that comfort thee; for I am a just, and a righteous God, who bring Princes to nothing, and make all the Judges of the Earth as vanity; Therefore fear not man, whose breath is in his Nostrils, for wherein is he to be accounted of; Behold I the Lord execute Righteousness and Judgement, for all that be oppressed; Therefore be not afraid of their faces, nor of their haughty and proud looks, for I am with thee. Imprisonment may be compared to Hell Where punishment, among them shall excel, And Hell's music is, to curse and swear And ban, their wicked friends, so do they there; As they in Hell, shall daily howl and cry, For to obtain some ease, or liberty, So men in prison daily make complaint, How they with grief and hunger pine and faint, And are tormented by the Jailers still With iron fetters, abused at their will: Yet these unto Delinquents, Traitors, Papists, Knaves, Yield liberty, give moneys, only make us slaves, That loyal are, no Enemies to th' state; This is our lot, this is our cruel fate, And fruits we reap for our fidelity, From these vile imphs of all disloyalty, Who most of them being none other then, Fiend's of hell, walking in shapes of men, Acting Belzebubs pleasure, on us all That are their captives, lying in Bonds and thrall: Yet we these five years past, no right can have Though we the same full oft with tears did crave, Of King and Parliament to grant, but that Which they themselves full oft, have sworn flat, For to maintain, the liberties and right Of freeborn Subjects, and thereto have plight Their faith, their covenant, and their Protestation, Yet for all this, we still reap molestation, Anguish and sorrow, afflicts our hearts and will, Cruelty of Jailers, doth torment us still: If Laws, if oaths, if vows, if Protestation, If covenant with God, produce such reformation, Then Judges, Lawyers, Attorneys, Jailers, all This Kingdom's glory, unto your lot must fall. Then Bribes and Fees all Hellish gain, Shall flourish to the people's pain, And sorrow grief and misery, Shall still possess the Commonalty, For justice, judgement, and mercy, Are grounded on true piety, But want of justice in this land, Hath brought on all, God's heavy hand. Be careful then, suppress the Imphes, make sure Your Rights and Liberties, may still endure To future ages, posterity then may Have cause, to bless your memories for aye: For God, is God of Unity, of Love, and Peace alone, But these men for deceit and strife, the like of them there's none. Probatum est. For whatsoever is not of God is from the Devil. But injustice, contention (and the instruments of the same) Oppression, Bribery, imprisonment of men unjustly, starving, and murdering of men in Goal, are not from God; Therefore from the Devil: And whosoever doth them, doth the will of his father the Devil; for he is a murderer from the beginning, and the grand Enemy to Justice, Love, Mercy, and Peace. Therefore if we be of God, we must then do the works of God, and manifest the fruits of the same. And these are the works of God; To execute justice and judgement, to show mercy, to relieve the Widow, the fatherless, and the stranger, and to let the oppressed go free. Let us therefore now at the last (by suppressing of Contention, Injustice, Tyranny, and Oppression, and the wicked instruments of the same; And by a speedy administration of justice, judgement, and mercy) try the Lord our God, and see if the Lord will not forthwith power down his mercies on us, withdraw his present judgements (of Division, Sword, and Plague) from us, and heal the Land; and so become a father of mercies, a God of comfort and consolation, unto us, and our posterity after us. It is to be wished, that the Laws of England favoured of as much justice and mercy, and were but as truly executed without respect of persons, as the Laws of some Foreign Nations are, & that there were some honest men appointed, for the Visitation of Prisons every first Monday in the Month, for to restrain the cruelty of jailors, and to know the causes of men's Imprisonment; To whom the prisoner declaring himself by Petition, declares the real value of his estate (and as in the presence of God, affirms the contents of his Petition to be the whole truth) unto which the Commissioners then subscribe. Let the Creditors see this Petition, and by the next Visitation day, either disprove the contents thereof, or else the Petitioner to be set free, upon the assignment of the two third parts of the said declared Estate unto them. In the mean time, the Creditors, or party imprisoning the Debtor, are to take care for his subsistence in Goal, and to discharge all just Prison fees. And if the Creditor happen to disprove the said Debtors Petition before the said Commissioners, and prove that he hath concealed some part of his estate; then (for a punishment to such a deceiver) his whole estate is, by the said Commissioners assigned to the Creditors, and both he, his wife, and children, deprived of their third part of the same; and the said fraudulent Debtor is then also adjudged to stand in the Pillory (and a hole punched or bored through his ear.) But upon the Debtors discovery of his whole estate (be it more or less) really and truly, than the Commissioners do forthwith assign two third parts of the said estate to the Creditors, and the other part thereof unto the said Debtor, for and towards the future subsistence of himself and his wife, and education of his children: And further, that if any Debtor, do of purpose take up goods & moneys, with an intent to defraud (and take a prisoner as his surety) by assigning over in trust the said estate to some of his friends (this being proved) then the said Commissioners have power to assign all the said estate unto the Creditors, prohibiting (by proclamation) all persons from paying or delivering unto the said cheating Debtor any moneys, goods, or Lands, or to any other persons for his use, but only unto the Creditors; And the said Cheater or fraudulent Debtor, is then also adjudged to stand three hours in the Pillory, and to have then both his Nostrils slit up (by the common Hangman) or some base Hounds-Cut:) Such a course as this, truly and justly put in execution here in England, would soon increase the number of honest men, and produce (if not enforce) honest and plainer dealing, from, and amongst all men, and it would also destroy the great number of Deceivers, Oppressors, Extortioners, and Gentlemen-cheaters, as well as common-Cheaters, and all Knights of the Post, common Bail-men, and all such coney-catching deceitful companions. The opening of this gap (I doubt not) will draw upon me, the rage and malice (if not the curse) of all Knights and Gentlemen jailors and their Substitutes, as also the revengeful fury of some evill-minded Lawyers, Attorneys, Clerks, Solicitors, Sergeants, and Bumbayliffes: From whose Milles (by this means) the great gainful waters of contention, fraud, injustice, and oppression, will be drained dry, theit deceitful craft fall to the ground, and their Goddess Diana quite drowned in the Sea of England's Peace and Tranquillity. Truth from Injustice, may hap to reap some Blame, Yet truth shall stand, Injustice shall reap the shame. FINIS. Gentle Reader, I Pray thee to accept of this small Treatise for the present, and if this unjust bondage of Imprisonment, be any longer continued, upon the Commonalty of this Land, then expect a more larger Relation, and Declaration of the many several oppressions, indirect practices, and abuses of the several Courts, and Committees, as also of the several murders and cruelties, by Jailers committed on prisoners, when, where, on whom, and by whom; so fare forth as God shall enable me, and give me life and health. In the mean time I remain, thine and the Kingdom's friend and wellwisher, and a professed Enemy to all instruments of Injustice, Tyranny, and Oppression. For the Lord upholdeth my soul, he, even the God of Justice, Judgement, and Mercy, is on my side, and taketh my part against all those that seek to destroy my soul; Therefore will I not fear what man can do unto me. FAREWELL, This year of Hope, 1646.