A SPECIAL HELP TO ORTHOGRAPHY: OR, The True-writing of English.  
Consisting of such Words as are alike in sound, and unlike both in their signification and Writing:  
As also, Of such Words which are so near alike in sound, that they are sometimes taken one for another.  
Whereunto are added divers Orthographical observations, very needful to be known.  
Published by RICHARD HODGES, a Schoolmaster, dwelling in Southwark, at the Midle-gate within Mountague-close, for the benefit of all such as do affect TRUE-WRITING.  
LONDON, Printed for Richard Cotes. 1643.   

To the Reader.  
HAving duly considered (Courteous Reader) with what great difficulty, the True-writing of English is attained, and withal perceiving the causes thereof, I have for many years together, taken no little pains, to show how they may be taken away; and having now finished the Work, my desire is, that every one whom it concerns, may receive benefit thereby A piece whereof (not one of the least) I do here present unto thee; by giving thee a sight of such words, as are alike in sound, and unlike both in their signification and writing: as also of such words, which are so near alike in sound, that they are sometimes taken one for another: all which words (of either kind) are so plainly distinguished, by different Letters, in all the examples, that they may be well known the one from the other. Whereunto I have added many needful observations, for a farther help to True-writing: which if (with the rest) they find acceptance, I shall be encouraged yer long, to publish the rest of the Work, (that is in part of another kind) which concerns not only True-writing, but also, to show such an easy and speedy way, for the True-pronouncing and Reading of English (which will be so exceedingly useful, both to our own Nation and Strangers) as the like hath never yet been published. In the mean time, commending this which I have now done, with all my former labours, to the Blessing of God, and thy favourable acceptation, I rest  
Thine (as thou giv'st me any encouragement) to do thee farther service, RICHARD HODGES.   

A SPECIAL HELP TO ORTHOGRAPHY.  

Such words as are alike in sound, and unlike both in their signification and writing, are expressed by different Letters, in these examples following.  

A.  
TO assent or agree. An ascent or going up. A sent or savour.  
A piece to shoot withal. A piece of bread. Two loaves apiece.  
Let him that hath a loud voice, be allowed to speak aloud.  
I have not received aught thereof. You ought not to do it.  
The air is clear. The heir of all his goods.  
He shot an arrow, into a narrow place.  
An eye to see withal. A nigh or near kinsman. An I and a U will either of them make a syllable alone.  
Take a note of it. Take an oat-cake for your supper.  
A notion or an inward knowledge. An ocean of water.  
To tithe Mint and anise. Agnes, a woman's Christian name.  
An idle person ought not to eat. Anne, a woman's Christian name.  
Alas, that ever I did it! A lass, or a Maid.  
An altar for sacrifice. To alter one's mind.  
A ledge of a Table. Allege what thou canst against me.  
A lie, or a false speech. My near ally, or kinsman.  
A light in a dark place. Alight from thy horse.  
To cast a lot. To allot, or appoint for ones share.  
A loan, or lending of money. Why do you sit alone?  
A lure for a Hawk. To allure or entice.  
Adieu, or farewell. A due debt ought to be paid.  
He adjoined me to do it. A joint-stool.  
A Judge of a Court. Adjudge him to be worthy of it.  
Assoon as she came in, she fell into a swoon.  
That which the Shoemaker got with his awl, he spent it all, (all)  
To assault or set upon. A salt-eel.  
To assign. To give a sign.  
Attainted of treason. A tainted piece of flesh.  
She was sumptuously attired. A tired Jade.  
A mate or companion. To amate or daunt.  
A maze, or an intricate way, or labyrinth. To amaze.  
A rest for a Musket. Arrest him for the debt.  
A pease blossom. Appease his wrath.  
A peal well rung. Appeal to Cesar.  
A tract, or discourse. Attract the iron with the loadstone.  
An abbetter, or upholder. A better colour than the other.  
Appear the next Court-day. A Peer of the Realm.  
A wait-player. A wait his coming. A weight to weigh withal.  
Tread not awry. A wry-mouthed Plaise.  
Such a quaint discourse, as I shall acquaint you withal.   

B.  
To bow the knee. The bough of a tree.  
If you be come so soon to work, it will also become you to be diligent therein.  
The boughs of trees. He boweth his knees. To bowze or tipple (tipple)  
The sweat of his brows. The bullock did browse.  
Barbary, a Country so called. Barbara, a woman's Christian name. Barbary, a red fruit so called.  
Brute, a man's name. A brute beast. A bruit, or report.  
To bawl, or to make a rude noise in speaking. Baal, an idol so called. A bal to play with. Bal, a man's name (Ball, ball)  
Good and bad. Who bade him do it?  
A bead. Bede, a man's name.  
A beaker to drink in. Becher, one of the sons of Benjamin. The hawk did beak her self.  
Ale and beer. A bier to carry a dead corpse.  
A Straw- berry. Sud- bury, Canter- bury, etc.  
By whose authority was it done? Buy it for me in the Market.  
Set meat on the board. Let the hole be bored.  
The bird was billed like a hawk. To build a house.  
To bolt the door. To boult, or sift meal.  
To be well bred, or brought up. To earn his own bread.  
He was weary in beholding of it. You are much beholden to him.  
A Coney- burrow. The Borough of Southwark.  
Coney- Burrows. Boroughs or Towns.  
A blue-colour. The wind blew it away.   

C.  
Cox, a man's surname. Cocks and Hens. Cocketh up the hay.  
A coat of divers colours. A sheep- cote. To quote a place of Scripture.  
Cotes, a man's name. children's coats. He quoteth the place.  
The clause of a sentence. The bird claweth him with her claws.  
The Butcher did call, for the cawl of the liver. (call)  
Take your course. Let them bury the corpse.  
To take good courses. He courseth his horse. Dead corpses.  
I cooled his courage. I could not do it.  
The collar of a coat. I will cool your choler.  
A colour of Apples. A colour, died in grain.  
A cousin or near kinsman, will sometimes cousin his near kindred.  
The King's Council. Give him good counsel.  
It is a common thing for men, to commune or talk one with another.  
The Wheat is full of cockle and darnel. A cochle-shel.  
He behaved himself like a valiant Champion, in the champain field.  
To choose a fit companion. The Ox cheweth the cud.  
A wicked crew or company. The cock crew.  
The hounds did chase the Deer, which were in the Chase.  
You come but now, but he is come already.  
Wicked crues or companies. A cruse or pot to drink in.  
A cruel master to his servants. A cap wrought with crewel.  
He gave his consent, to have a consent of music.   

D.  
The young birds sit under their dam. To damn or condemn.  
A fallow- deer. A dear friend.  
A deep pit or hole. Diep, a town so called.  
There are divers men which are skilful divers.  
A buck and a do. His cake is dough.  
Concerning the word descension, there hath been much dissension.  
It is not worth a dollar. Full of dolour and grief.  
There is a fish that is called a dolphin. The Dauphin of France.  
Who was the deviser of this, to multiply the quotient by the divisour?   

E.  
Easter and Whitsuntide. Queen Hester and Mordecai.  
John Eton hath eaten up all the meat. A Scholar of Aeton.  
There were eight swans eggs found in the ait. (islet)  
Canst thou earn thy bread? His bowels did yern.  
Emerods', a kind of disease. Emeralds, a kind of precious stone.  
He doth exercise himself in reading. To exercise or adjure.  
I eat my meat to day, better than I eaten it yesterday.   

F.  
The  did feed. His Attorney was feed.  
Pay your fees. She fee her Attorney.  
I would fain finish my work. She did feign herself sick.  
They did find much gold. They were fined very much.  
Their naves and their felloes, were not fellows.  
Take heed lest Philip give you a fillip.  
Put the sheep into the fold, when the Mare hath foaled.  
I foretell this unto thee, that I will restore him .  
To set forth a man's praise, to the fourth degree.  
Heat the oven with furze. He furreth his gown rich with furs.  
Our hearts are very foul. Fish and fowl.  
His son Francis and his daughter Frances came to see him.  
If it frieze, put on your friese-jerkin. She freeth him from danger.  
To kill a flea. To flay of the skin. (off)  
Lice and fleas. She fleaeth her . She flayeth the Rabbit.  
To fleer and laugh. A flee'r away in battle.  
A sweet smelling flour. The finest wheat flower.  
Sweet smelling flours. The beer flowereth in the cup.   

G.  
I guest, that he would be a very welcome guest.  
A ghost or spirit. Thou go'st but lamely.  
Some take delight in their foolish jests. Gests or worthy acts. He jesteth, and taketh delight in foolish jesting.  
Ox- galls. The gauls upon the horses back. He gauleth his horse.  
A gage or pledge. To gawge a vessel.  
A gilt-cup. The guilt of sin troubleth the conscience.  
She did sigh and groan because her corn was not well- grown.  
To glister like gold. The Physician hath prescribed a clyster.  
A guise or fashion. Mr. Guy's man told me of it.   

H.  
Hart, a man's name, or the name of a beast. Man's heart is deceitful.  
A hard heart must be broken. I heard his voice.  
The hounds do hunt the hare. Men are forbidden to wear long hair.  
High thee home. High and low. Heigh-ho.  
Thou highest thee about thy work. The highest form in the School.  
Hid not thy talon. She hied her about her work.  
Make haste to do it. Why hast thou done it?  
A hole wherein things are hidden. A part for the whole.  
Holy men and women are Saints. A work that is wholly finished.  
When he was in the hollow, he began to whoop and hollaw.  
Stay not long from home. To whom shall I give it? A holm tree.  
To go to their long homes. Holmes, a man's name.  
I hope to see my work finished. I holp him to do his work.  
The hoops of a tub. He hoopeth the tub. He whoopeth and hollaweth.  
Let him sing the hymn, that can sing best.  
The bread doth hoar. She played the whore.  
Avoid the company of whores. The bread, or any thing that hoareth.  
To change his hue. Hugh, a man's Christen-name.  
They have changed their hues. Hugh's, a man's surname.  
A herald of arms belonging to King Harold.  
If he come well and happily home, I may haply come and see him.   

I.  
I and thou are well agreed. Eye me in the doing of it.  
To incite or provoke one to do a thing. To be always in sight.  
Inure thyself to do it. Put this in ure. In your account it is but folly.   

J.  
Not in earnest but in jest. A Gest or worthy act. In their Gests they used too many jests.  
She loveth to jet up and down. A jeatstone.  
The juice or sap of any thing. A joice to bear up the boards.  
Let the house be made a jakes, for Mr. Jaques.  
She is of a gentle or mild disposition. A gentle, or maggot.  
A jointer, a tool to work withal. A woman's jointure during her life.  
A jurdon, or chamber-pot. The river Jordan.   

K.  
Mr. Knox, he knocketh many knocks at the door.  
A kennel for dogs. Sweep the channel very clean.  
Give me leave to kill a deer. The bricks are in the brick- kilne.   

L.  
The Latine-tongue is very useful. A latten-ladle.  
The cow lowed after her calf very loud.  
Take the least and leave the greatest, lest he be angry.  
Lemons or concubines. Lemons and Oranges.  
If he cannot teach him his lesson well, you must lessen his wages.  
The litter of whelps, were carried in the horse- licter.  
The 〈◊〉 of wine or oil. To lose, or lose ones labour.  
〈…〉 that can leap very well. Lepers that are full of leprosy.  
〈…〉 in the fittest time. High and low, rich and poor.  
〈…〉, or command. One that is lower of stature.  
A 〈◊〉 after evil things. A bright lustre or shining.  
The man that was out- laned, deserved neither laud nor praise.   

M.  
At his Maneur-house, all things were done in a very good manner.  
He hanged his mantle upon the mantel-tree of the chimney.  
The Medes and Persians. Meads or Meadows.  
Meat and drink must be had. A mete-yard to meet withal.  
The Lawyer sent a message, concerning the message.  
A meater that giveth meat to the . A corn- metre. A meteor in the air.  
Martin, a man's surname. Marten, the name of a fowl.  
Mr. Marshal had good skill in martial discipline.  
He did moan and bewail himself, when his corn was mown.  
Moe or more. Take the  to mow it down.  
The cat will mouse well, when she is amongst the corn- moughs.  
Hawks- mites. He mueth his hawk. To muse or meditate.  
The poor widow's mite. We have no might nor power of ourselves.  
If he had had a good mind, he would not have so under- mined me.  
His man Maurice did dance the morris.  
Murrain, a disease amongst . Murion, a head-piece.  
Thousands and Millions. Musk- melons.   

N.  
Nash, a man's surname. To gnash the teeth.  
It was not for nought, that the figs were so naught.  
Yea and nay. The horse did neigh.   

O.  
O my friend remember me. Oh that my friend would remember me! Own nothing to any but love.  
Gold- ore. The waterman's oar. The ower of a debt.  
A pair of oars. The owers of debts.  
The ordure was laid upon the ground in good order.  
Our life being so short, every hour thereof aught to be well spent.  
Neither ours nor yours, will be done in three hours.   

P.  
To pair the cheese. A pair of turtle doves.  
To pause a little. The lions paws. The lion paweth with his paw.  
The  of his mouth was down, when he lay upon his pallet.  
Peter and Paul. Pal, a kind of robe so called. (Pall)  
A Parson or Vicar, may either of them be a comely person.  
A faithful Pastor, will feed his sheep in a good pasture.  
〈◊〉 is not seemly for a fool. The lions preys. The lion preyeth upon the lamb. He prayeth for help from above.  
The Judge of the Common pleas, cannot please every one.  
Mr. Pierce, did pierce it with a sword. The scholar did pierce and constru●… his lesson.  
She weareth her patens, and she hath obtained Letters patents.  
Pillars to up-hold a building. Cater- pillars.  
Pride goeth before destruction. He pried or looked into it.  
What profit can we receive, by a false Prophet?  
The  of it up, was a very proper man.  
He hath no power to pour it out.   

R.  
The rain that refresheth the earth. The rain of a bridle. The Reign of a King  
The reins of the back. The Reigns of Kings. The King reigneth. If it raineth get into a house.  
He that was of a noble race, did raze the walls.  
The rays of the Sun. It is not good to raise contention.  
Some herbs are ranker than other. Rancour and malice.  
A red colour. What Authors hast thou read?  
A reddish colour. A radish root.  
Can you give a reason, why a fig is better than a raisin?  
Strong reasons. He reasoneth very well. Figs and raisins.  
It is as good a ream of paper, as any is in the whole Realm.  
Reams of paper. Realms well governed. Rheims, the name of a place.  
Mr. Ri●e took a rise, and leapt over, where the rice was sold.  
A rite or a ceremony. Right and wrong. To write and read.  
A wheel- uright. Wright, a man's surname.  
Rites and ceremonies. Men will defend their rights. Wheel- writes. He righteth himself. He writeth a letter.  
The rind wherein the brain lieth. The rind of a pomegranate. The river Rhine.  
Roe, a man's surname. A roebuck. A row of trees.  
The ro● and hinds of the field. Rows of trees. He roweth upon the water. A red- rose. Risen a woman's Christen-name.  
When there was a rot amongst the sheep, I wrote him a letter.  
He● ●●aught it from of the shelf, when he wrought with me. (off)  
I had a riding rod in my hand, when I road upon the highway.  
When I road along the road, I bought some fish that were hard- roed; and I discerned, that the Watermen, which carried my daughter Rhode, rowed apace.  
The roads, or common highways, that are in the I'll of Rhodes. (Isle)  
The highest room in any house, of the City of Rome. (room)  
She went round about, and row him in his ear.  
She that did wear a tiffany- ruf, did also wear a rough garment. (ruff)  
When she heareth the bells ring, she will wring her hands.  
When the bells were rung, thee wrung her hands.  
He rued the time, that ever he was so rude.  
He that had so many cheeses in the cheese- rack, did also suffer Ship- wrack.   

S.  
He that made slight of it, had a sleight in the doing of it.  
He was no saver in buying such commodities, though they had a sweet- savour.  
Savours and loser's. Sweet savours. He savoureth not that which is good.  
The Seas have divers names. To seize upon a man's goods.  
Ceasing from strife. Cessing him to pay a great sum. (sum)  
Will you not cease talking? Why do you ces him so much? (cease)  
The buyer and the seller do oftentimes offend. A wine- cellar.  
The one Sutler, was subtler than the other.  
There was no sign, either of a sine or tangent.  
A Censor or reformer of manners. Aaron's censer. To censure or judge.  
The third Centurie. An herb that is called centory.  
He did sheer the sheep, which he had in Buckingham- shire.  
Cite him to appear. The sight of the eye. The fire of an house.  
He was cited to appear. Quick- sighted. A house well sited.  
A sirens or mermaid. Simon of Cyrene.  
A lute and a cittern. A lemon or a citron.  
Mount- Zion. A scion or graf which is to be grafted into a stock. (graft)  
A sink to convey the water. The Cinque-ports.  
Why will you have it so? To sow the seed. To sew a garment.  
The sole of a . The soul and body.  
The soles of his shoes. He soleth his shoes. Souls and bodies.  
Bought and sold. The shoes were soled.  
His body was very sound. He fell into a swoon.  
I was in such a straight, that I was forced to take the crooked for the straight  
A sloe-tree. He goeth but a slow pace.  
A sore which cannot be healed. He swore or swore an oath.  
A sly-fellow. Sligh, a man's surname.  
A hedge and a stile. A style or form of writing.  
The hawk did soar aloft. The sour did sow the seed.  
To shoot an arrow. A suit of apparel. A suit in Law. Shute, a man's surname  
He had three shoots with his bow. Suits of apparel.  
Suits in Law. He shooteth with his bow. He suiteth himself with apparel. He non- suiteth him at the Law.  
What succour can we look for, from a blood- sucker?  
Some would be glad, if they had but such a sum of money. (sum)  
When the Sun shineth, my Son will walk into the field. (Sun, Son.)   

T.  
To make a wild beast tame. Thame, a town so called.  
A tamer beast than the other. Thamar, Judah's daughter in law.  
A tax or tribute. He tacketh it together with ta●ks.  
The triple and the tenor. A tenor or form of words. The tenure whereby a man holdeth his land.  
There was one, that was of their acquaintance.  
He had more knowledge in hens and turkeys, than he had in an emerald or a turquois.  
We ought to redeem the time. Thyme, an herb so called.  
Take heed you lose not the tide. The horses were tied together.  
A foot and a toe. She spinneth flax and tow.  
The feet and toes. Be careful how you tose the wool.  
A toad. Fingered and toed. He towed his Barge.  
Go toll the bell. To pay tol or tribute. (toll)  
I told him of it when I toled the bell.  
It is too much for two men, to write in one day.  
A tract or little treatise. I tracked him home to his house.  
A small treatise, containing divers treaties, concerning peace.  
I had then more work than I could do.  
The King was thrown from his throne.  
It was through your help, that I came thorough.  
His throat will be in danger, if he throwed away.   

V  
It is a vain thing, to let blood in a wrong vein.  
A venture or utterer of commodities. To venture or hazard.  
Venter's of commodities. Ventures at Sea. He ventureth it.  
When you filled the vial, I played upon the viol.   

W.  
A way to walk in. A weigh of cheese.  
Ways to walk in. Weighs of cheese. He weigheth the cheese.  
Fire and water are good servants. Walter, a man's Christian name.  
Deep waters. He watereth his garden. walter's, a man's surname  
To wait upon his master. To sell by weight.  
The waits, or wait players of the City. Just weights and bal●…es. He waiteth his turn.  
If you were wise, you would wear warmer .  
A wich-tree and a hasel-tree. A witch ought not to live.  
When you go to the wood, I would go along with you.  
When he wooed her, he was almost wood.  
A wad of straw to lie upon. Woad to die withal.   

Y.  
A bow made of yew. You and I are good friends. V and I are vowels.  
Yews, or yew-trees. Use thy friends courteously.  
Your friends are well. Put this in ure. A basin and ewer.  
Neither ours nor yours. Basins and ewres. He in- ureth himself to it.  
Ye that are wise, use yea and nay in your communication.    

Such words which are so near alike in sound, as that they are sometimes taken one for another; are also expressed by different Letters, in these examples following.  

A.  
ASk the carpenter for his axe, whereby he hath done such strange ac●…  
Abel was not able to do it.  
It will amaze you, to see him carry a mace.  
It is al-one, whether it be in company or alone.  
His actions were not answerable to his axioms.  
Bows and arrows. Cloth of arras.  
Give your advice, and advise me for the best.  
The valley of Anchor. An acre of ground.  
The ant is a wise creature. An uncle and an aunt.  
Since I learned my Accidence, there have been strange accidents.  
Some are in their behaviour, as a wild as. (ass)   

B.  
To play at bowls. To drink in boles.  
An Earl and a Baron. A barren womb.  
A wheel- barrow. To lend and borrow. The Borough of Southwark.  
He spent so much upon barley, that he went but barely.  
Boyse, a man's surname. Boys and girls.  
A bath to bathe in.  
The voluntary Bands were unwilling to come in bonds.  
A thread- bare garment. To bear a burden.  
The child did begin, to pull of his biggin. (off)  
Our breath is the cause why we breathe.  
If he lose his bauble in going to Babel, he will babble. (babble)  
His bile broke, when the pot did boil.  
John Bruce did bruise his leg, when he eaten the brewis in the brewhouse.  
The little child began to battle, when his father went to the battle.  
I did boar a hole, thorough the nose of the wild boar.  
Who will send an arrant knave, to do an errand?  
Bows and arrows. Boughs and branches.  
The sauce for the bittern, was made very bitter.  
Proud boasters, may sometimes want pillows and bolsters for their beds.  
They both went into a both.  
You think that you have taken the best, but another beast may be as good  
Your book is not so well boast, that you should have cause to boast.  
They put on their boots, when they went into their boats.   

C.  
Writ your copies, and get you to play in the copise.  
If you cannot leave coughing, you will soon be put into a coffin.  
When he coughed, I caught him by his coat.  
To tithe mint and cummin. To be long in coming.  
Before I played at ches, I unlocked the chests. (chess)  
His chaps were full of chaps.  
It was a good chare, to set him in a chair, and give him good cheer.  
A capital or great offence. The Capitol, a place in Rome.  
Currants to carry away the water. Raisins and corrants.  
By a necessary consequence, they may prove dangerous consequents.  
Spare no cost, to travel into every coast.  
What were the causes, that the causeys were no better looked unto?   

D.  
The dun colour was well done.  
He was but a dunce, that knew not the dun from the other colours.  
Comely and decent. Of a noble descent. To descent or disagree.  
Concerning the word descension, there hath been much dissension.  
When you discomfit your enemies, it is no discomfort to me.  
Bucks and does. Let him take but one dose.  
It was such a fine device, as none could devise a better.  
Before his decease, he was sick of a dangerous disease.  
Thou art but dust and ashes, why dost thou lift up thyself?  
In the time of a dearth, not long before his death, he was so deaf that he could not hear.  
It was not without desert, that he was robbed in the Desert.   

E.  
In looking toward the East, she spilt her yeest.  
She doth earn her living, by spinning of yarn.  
You must either take out of the hedge, the either or the stake.  
His ears were deaf, for many years together.  
If you had not measured so many else, you should else have wronged yourself.  
The most eminent man, was in the most imminent danger.  
When I was with him but even now, he gave me good words enough, but money little enough.  
The two sons of Eli. The I'll of Ely. (Isle)   

F.  
It was a false report, that you had so many falls by the way.  
The Cook hath more skill in a froise, than a phrase.  
The watermen had many fares, to carry to the fairs.  
His house in the fens, was without a fence.  
When I fought with him, I committed a fault.  
The hounds do follow the fallow deer.  
A gown lined with fur. A firtree. (fur, fir)  
To farm or make clean. A form of words. A form to sit upon.  
Pharez, a man's name. Fairies and hobgoblins.  
The Farmer sold his former years crop.  
A small fly may flee into a narrow place.  
The fishes had fins and scales. The fiends of hell.   

G.  
The Gallants did drink many gallons of wine.  
The child went into the garden, and there he found his Guardian.  
A glass to drink in. To set a fair glos upon any thing. (glass, gloss)  
It was but a foolish gesture, that was used by the jester.  
The carman that did wear a jerking, never left jerking his horse.   

H.  
John Howel did howl, when he was thrown into the hole.  
Whose hose and shoes are these?  
He was but a homely man, which read the Homily.  
To hollow or make holy. A hollow place in the ground.  
I do gues that I shall have guests. (guess)  
The beadle that whipped the whores, being very hoarse, when he went away he road upon a horse.  
She took away all that was his. The serpents and the snakes did his. (hiss)  
Let them drive away the hens from hence.  
Holly and Ivy. Holy men and women are despised in this world.  
Hepher, a man's name. A young heifer.   

I.  
His man James, did break the jambs of the wall. (wall)  
A man that is ingenious and witty, ought also to be ingenuous and Gentlemanlike.  
The way is not impassable, nor the thing is not impossible.  
It doth imply as much, as that he ought to employ himself well.  
Why is it not yet done?  
An idol is not to be worshipped. An idle person ought not to eat.  
As you have work enough to do, so you have men enough to do it.  
His eyes cannot see the ice.  
Joice, a woman's Christen-name. The joys of heaven.   

K.  
I know that the dog can gnaw a bone.  
It is well known, that the bone was well gnawn.  
The knots are fast tied. The gnats are very busy in hot weather.   

L.  
The lines are fairly written. His loins are girded about.  
A man of a low stature. The Ox did low.  
A man of lower stature. Why do you lower upon me?  
When the lead was laid, he led me by the hand.  
The leas were added to his lease.  
He that told many lies, his  were full of louse.  
I was very loath to do it, yea, I did loathe to do it.  
When the leases are made, give them to the Leassees.   

M.  
The day before Marie did marry, she appointed the bones that were full of marrow, to be boiled on the morrow.  
They that wrought in the mines, made known their minds.  
To mince the meat. The Mints where money is coined.  
I did miss the fight of him, by reason of the mists. (miss)  
To mow down the corn. A mough of corn.  
The maids went to gather rushes in the meads.  
The one mower did mow more than the other.  
Moles that cast up the earth. Moulds wherein metals are cast.  
When he had the myrrh and aloes, he was full of mirth.  
A rat and a mouse. Barley moughs.  
To rise betimes in the morning, in a day of mourning.  
The hawks- mues. A muse.  
Her mistress did reveal many mysteries. (mistress)   

N.  
It is neither you nor I, that can lift the nether millstone.  
The nonce of a moonth. It was done for the nonce. (month)  
Some of the needles which she used, were needles. (needless)  
His niece did neese very much.  
I was never a whit the near, for all the labour which I bestowed.   

O.  
He thought it enough to do it once, but every ones mind is not alike.  
He that was the owner of it, gained much honour by it.  
You ought to have done it very oft.  
He did own one of them on the first day, but not on the second.   

P.  
Pair the apple, but not the pear.  
The woman that went upon her patens, had very good patterns.  
Such as are Patients, have much need of patience.  
The feathers of the pullen, were ready for pulling.  
The way is passable; and the thing is possible.  
He had more pens to write withal, than he had pence in his purse.  
In taking away the beans and pease, he disturbed the peace.  
He laid a plot, how to take away his plat of ground.  
The principal man of all others, taught the first principle.  
Forget not to pour out thy drink to the thirsty, and to relieve the poor.  
A Prince is to be honoured. The prints may easily be seen.  
Kings and Princes. A Princes, the daughter of a King. (Princess)  
He removed out of his place, that the plaise might be dressed for supper.  
The time was past, before the paste could be made.  
Before he came into his presence, he sent him many presents.  
He sold that for a good price, which he had taken before as a prize.  
He had many pulls at the bel-rope. Let me feel your pulse.  
Writen both in verse and prose. A man full of prowess. (prowess)  
To pierce it with a sword. The Peers of the Realm.  
Pontius Pilate. A skilful Pilot to guide a ship.  
They laid a plot for his life. A pleasant plat of ground.  
A parasite, is not altogether so bad as a parricide.  
The leaves of a poplar. A popular applause.  
In all his promises, he had no respect to the premises.  
Some folks are hard to please. Plays are out of request.  
The heads upon the Bridge are set upon poles. Paul's steeple.  
Some when they have played all day, will plead for themselves.   

R.  
To trust in a broken reed. To read and write.  
He wrought hard when he wrote his copy, but he learned his lesson by rote.  
To raze the walls. To raise the siege.  
A barber's razor. A raiser of sedition.  
A mouse and a rat. The sheep die of the rot.  
A man that is real in his word. It is worth a ryal. The blood- tent-royal.  
A child reverend to his Parents. A reverend or grave man.  
He was wroth, because she was full of wrath, so rather.   

S.  
When they had filled their sives, with onions and cives.  
They whetted their scythes: and being full of grief, they fetched many sighs.  
It belonged to his science, to have knowledge in grafs and scions.  
I lent him my signet, when I gave him the cygnet.  
Cypres-trees. (Cypress) Cipers hatbands. To stand for cyphers.  
Go to sirrah, Sir John will talk with you, when you come into Surrey.  
When you sow your seed, drive out the sow and her pigs.  
When the sour went to sow his seed, I gave him a bunch of sour grapes.  
When the sows had pigs, all the souse was eaten.  
Their sores were all healed. A source.  
He put eight sleaves of silk, into his wide sleeves.  
She seethe that the pot is ready to seethe.  
To say well and do well. The Sea is never quiet.  
A woman is the weaker sex. There are several sects.  
When the steed is stolen, he will stand you in no stead.  
At his work he is very slow. He is fallen into a slough.  
I gave unto the spies, great store of spice.  
They sawed them with saws. The Cook made good sauce.  
The sense of the words must be understood. Sweet scents.  
The Seas are dangerous. When will you cease talking?  
Seizing upon his goods. Ceasing from strife.  
Why do you wear out your shoes, to see the shows?  
Have no society with him. The satiety of the rich hurteth them.  
When they gathered sloes, they fell into the sloughs.  
Sir John sent for the Surgeon. (Chirurgeon)  
His daughter Cicelie, went into the Country of Sicily: and afterwards she journeyed from Cilicia, into Silesia.  
All the sheep were carried into the ship.  
He hath been very sorry for his sins, ever since.   

T.  
Counted by ten. Mood and tense. To dwell in tents. To pay the tenths.  
The fireshovel and the tongs. We do often offend with our tongues.  
A trough for  to drink in. A trophy, as a token of victory.  
The first tome of a book. An epitaph upon a tomb.  
To be tossed up and down. Make a toast for the ale.  
When thy thigh is out of joint, send for the Surgeon.  
The scholar had more skill in a trope, than in a troop. (troup)  
Thou desirest to do it, though it be to thy hindrance.   

U.  
The volley of shot, which they gave in the valley, was of little value.  
When she was in the vale, she put a vail over her face.  
In all the long vacation, he followed his vocation.  
The verges or brims of things. The verjuice and the vinegar.  
His vitals began to fail for want of victuals.   

W.  
The wild-man, was able to wield a great sword.  
The dog was weary, when he did wory the sheep.  
Whether of these two will ye have? Whither will ye go?  
By their subtle wiles, they drew them into the wilds.  
They took away the fisher-men's weels, against their wills.  
The wines were all cast away, by reason of the winds.  
The wick of a candle. The days in a week.  
Thou wast unwise to make so much waste.  
He did a wicked deed, in opening the wicket.  
He did wrest his wrist.  
The man that was in the wood, was almost wood.  
I witted not that he was there, but I wished that he might be there.    

Examples of some words, wherein one sound is expressed divers ways in writing.  
Sea-ted, con- cei-ted, cea-sing, sei-zing, se-rious, Sceva, ce-dar, Manas- seh Phari- see, Wool- 〈◊〉 sche-dule.  
See-ded, suc- ceeded, sie-sings, over- seers, pur- say or fat men, mere- cie, (or mer- cy)  
Si-nister, sy-nagogue, Scipio, Scy-thian, Cy-prian, ci-vil, Ce-cil, Se-vern, pur- suivant.  
Silence, ci-ted, quick- sigh-ted, sig-ning, sci-ence, siren's, Cyrene, sa- ti-ety.  
These syllables aforegoing, may suffice, to give a taste, of all the others in this kind.   

Some special observations, very needful to be known, for the help of True-writing.  
TAke heed that you never put a double consonant with an e, in the end of any word: for there is no necessity thereof. And the rather we may be the bolder so to do, because the Learned, both in Printing and Writing, do daily practise it. Therefore, you must not write such words as these, thus, lad, bed, lid, rod, bud, but thus, lad, bed, lid, rod, bud: and in like manner, you are to write all other words which end with any other consonant: as all, hal, bal, wall, gall, call, stall: only for your satisfaction heerin, you are to know, that whensoever a cometh before l, in the end of any word, it must be pronounced like au: and then, what need will there be of a double l, in the word call, when it signifieth as a verb, to call, more than there is in cawl, the substantive, when it signifieth a cawl or tire to wear upon the head? Besides, forasmuch as we use to write the word all, with a single l, in almost, and al-together, by the same reason, we may aswel write all with a single l, when it is a simple word, as when it is compounded. Only in such words, as end with f, or s, they are commonly written, with a double f and an e, and with a double s and an e, as in chaff and brass: yet I see no reason, why custom should be offended, if the two words aforegoing were written thus, chaff and bras; & so, all other words of this kind: but I submit myself to the judgement of the Learned: and therefore, howsoever I have practised the same, in the Work aforegoing, yet I have withal, set do●n each word, as it is the other way written, that so both ways may be known.  
Howsoever (as I said before) there is no neces●…y, why a double consonant with an e, should be put in the end of a word, yet for some Proper names, there is an exception, as in these two, Anne and Emme; but though they are so written, they must be pronounced like An and Em.  
But I must not here forget to tell you, that the observations aforegoing, which were for the writing of a single consonant always, in the end of a word, are meant only of such consonants, whose forces are certainly known, and not of such as are not: for there are some, whose forces are very uncertain, as g in tar-get, hath a different force from g, in the last syllable of gor-get: and therefore our custom is, that whensoever the force which g hath in the last syllable of gor-get, doth come in the end of any word, with a short vowel before it, it is expressed by dge, as in badge, ledge, ridge, lodge, judge: and not thus, bag, leg, rig, log, jug: for, the force which g hath in the last syllable of gor-get, is not expressed in the latter words, but it is according to the force of g in tar-get. And therefore I wish, that every one would take special notice hereof, that they may see how needful it is, to have all the letters so distinguished, as that their sounds and forces, might be certainly known, the one from the other: for, than such words as these, which were mentioned before, bag, leg, rig, log, jug, (if custom would allow it) might be pronounced, as if they were written thus, badge, ledge, ridge, lodge, judge: but as for things of this kind, I have spoken at large, in another Work, which I intent yer long to publish. As I have showed before, how uncertain the force of g is in many words, so also, I must speak something concerning the force of c, though it be not altogether so uncertain as the other: for, c is always known to have the force of s, before e and i, and might well be so called, if it were distinguished accordingly; but c before any other letters, must be pronounced like k, and aught so to be called: for, what difference is there between the force of c, in these Latin words, lac, nec, sic, hoc, huc, and the force of ck, in these English words, lack, neck, sick, lock, buck? yet you are to know, that our custom is always to write ck, in the end of a word, whensoever it cometh after a short vowel; (as in the words before) except it be after the vowel oo when it is short, as in cook, hook, book, and the like. And now forasmuch as the force of c and k, is al-one, and yet our custom is to write them both, as in lack, neck, etc. it may be demanded, which might best be spared? To this I answer, that in regard of the force, which is proper to either of them, the one might be as well spared as the other; for, we might aswel write lac as lak, and hac as hak; yet of the two it were better, to write lak than lac, and hak than bac, because the force of k, is better known than c: but forasmuch as custom will allow neither, we must (for the present) writ both, as in lack, deck, lick, lock, luck: and so all others of this kind.  
And forasmuch as it is our custom, to express the force of k, after a short vowel by ck, I may fitly take occasion hereby, to show when que ought to be written, to express (express) the force of k, in the end of a word, and the rather, because it is so frequently used; as in Logic, Rhetoric, Arithmetic, public, Catholic, and the like: where there is no reason, why it should be written in any of them, as also in many others: The best help to know, how to write such words, is to know those words which are derived of them, for if we writ Logician, Rhetorician, Arithmetician, publication, etc. by the same reason, we ought to write Logic, Rhetoric, Arithmetic, public; and not Logic, Rhetoric, etc. But in some words we must write que for k, as in relic, obliqne, traffic.  
You ought to observe also, that ch hath two several forces belonging thereto, the one properly belongs to English words, and the other to Hebrew and Greek: or to such English words as are borrowed from thence. The force which ch hath in English words, is expressed in the beginning of these words, namely, in charge, chest, chip, chop, chalk, choke, chose, choose, churn. But when the force which ch hath, in the words aforegoing, doth come in the end of a word, after a short vowel, it is expressed by tch: as in these examples, namely, in catch, fetch, ditch, botch, hutch. These words only are excepted, namely, rich, which, such, much: and also the word touch, which is to be pronounced short like touch.  
The force which ch hath in Hebrew and Greek words, or in such English words, as are borrowed from thence, are expressed in these examples, namely, in Cha-os, Chedorlaomer, Alchemist, choler, choleric, school, scholars, character, Christ, Christian, Chro-ni-cle, echo, Eunuch, (which is pronounced by many like Eunuch:) Shadrach, Lamech, Enoch, Ach-sah, me-cha-ni-cal, Mo-narch, Monarchy, se-pul-chre, or sepulchre, Archangel, Mel-chi-se-de●h: Yea, wheresoever ch is written, in the names either of men, women, or places, throughout the Old or New Testament, it must always be pronounced like k: as also, in all other words whatsoever, which are borrowed, either from the Hebrew or Greek: a few only excepted, which custom hath exempted; as namely, Rakehell in the Old Testament, where the last syllable thereof is pronounced like the last syllable in sa-chel: but I rather think, if the pronunciation thereof must not be according to the other words, it ought to be pronounced thus, Ra●hel. The word Che-ru-bin is also excepted. And in the New Testament Tychicus: and no more do I remember. Likewise ch in Architect, must not be pronounced like k: nor in any word beginning with arch, as Archduke, arch-enemy, and the like: Archangel (as I have showed before) is only excepted.  
It is also needles, (needless) to put a double consonant in the middle of such words as these, namely, in saddle, meddle, fiddle, cobble, bubble: but rather writ them thus, saddle, meddle, fiddle, cobble, bubble: for what use is there of a double b, in bubble, more than there is in double and trouble?  
I give you farther to understand, that if the vowels were so distinguished one from another, as that their sounds might be certainly known, when they are long, and when they are short, there is no necessity that any word whatsoever, should have a double consonant, either in the middle, or any part of it, unless it be to show the Etymology thereof: and this may plainly appear, even by our own practice, in the writing of many English words: as for example, what use is there of a double: in ditty, more than there is in City; or of a double d in ruddy, more than in study; or of a double d in sodden, more than there is in trodden? But forasmuch as our vowels are not so distinguished, as to know when they are long and when they are short, we are enforced to use a double consonant, where a single might serve: as for example, these two words, filled and filled, as they are expressed in filled up to the brim, and filled with a file, they might either of them, be written with a single l, if their vowels were so distinguished, that the long vowel in the one word, might be known from the short vowel in the other: as also, these two words, pinned and pined, might either of them be written with a single n, if there were the like distinction. Multitudes of examples might be given in this kind, but these may suffice.  
But although the sounds of our vowels, are not so distinguished one from another, as they should be, yet I see no reason, why a double l, should be written, in any derivative word, where the vowel in the simple word, is known by custom, to be long of itself, as for example, in these three simple words, namely, call, wall, fall, where the vowel a is well known to have the sound of au: and therefore, why may not these three derivatives, caling, wa-ling, and faling, be so written; forasmuch as their syllables are to be pronounced, like cauling, wauling, and fau-ling? Again, forasmuch as the sound of o, is well known to be long before I, in the end of many simple words, as in roll, poll, toll, which may as well be written thus, rol, pol, tol, why may not their derivatives be written thus, rolling, tolling, po-ling? But heerin, (as in other things before) I submit myself to the judgement of the Learned.  
You are to know also, that whensoever e cometh in the end of any English word whatsoever, except the article the, it hath no use for sound of itself; and therefore might be altogether left out, if we had long vowels to express our words withal: but forasmuch as this is wanting, we are enforced to make use of e in the end of a word, to show thereby, the vowel going before to be long: as in these words, vale, male, mane, mare; to distinguish them from val, mal, man, mar: as also in these words, wine and wile, to distinguish them from win and will; whose vowels are short. But it were to be wished, that the vowels might be so distinguished, as that their sounds might be certainly known, to be long of themselves, without any other help. And surely, in some cases, there is an absolute necessity for the doing of it; if we desire that there should be any certainty in the pronouncing of our words▪ an example thereof, you may see in these two words, window, and wil-der, where the first syllable in either of them must be pronounced long, as in wine, and wile: The neglect of distinguishing the long vowels from the short, is the cause, why many words are pronounced two several ways: for some men call the wind, the wind; and so accordingly, they mispronounce the derivatives of the same word. Again, in the word wil-der, the first syllable thereof, must be pronounced like the word wile, but in the word wilderness, it must be pronounced like wil What great uncertainty is this for the learner! And how great a benefit might the whole Nation receive thereby, if these things were amended! I wish therefore, that all such as love Learning, would take this into their serious consideration.  
Thus much have I thought good to speak, by way of digression. And now I return again to my former discourse, concerning the use of e in the end of a word, which (as I said before) is only useful, to show the vowel to be long which went before: and therefore, in all such words, where the vowel or the diphthong, that went before, is well known to be long of itself, what need will there be of an e, in the end thereof? As for example, in these words, lead, laud, seed, fool, pail, void, cloud, and the like, the vowels and diphthongs, are so well known to be long, of themselves, as that there needs no e in the end, to make them known. Nevertheless, you are to observe, that there are many words, wherein such vowels are, which are commonly known to be long in the most words, and yet in some, they are to be pronounced short, as in these words, head, read, stead, hea-dy, rea-dy, stea-dy, and such like: it is therefore (for the present) very meet, to put an e in the end of some such words, as in read, the present tense, to distinguish it from the short sound of read, the preterimperfect tense. Also, there is no need of an e, in the end of such words, as harm, learn, corn, burn, part, hurt, hand, bound hang, thing, sing, song, hung, and such like: You are therefore to be careful, that you never put an e, in the end of any such words as these aforegoing, but specially, in the latter words, whereof the word sing, is one, for, if you should put an e, to the end of it, it would alter the sense thereof, and make it in stead of sing, to become sing. Also, it is to be observed, that where it is not needful to use e, in the end of the singular number, it shall not be needful, to use e in the plural, and therefore the plurals are to be written thus, seeds, fools, pails, clouds, harms, parts, bands, bands, bounds, things, songs, rings, strings, swings: but not thus, seeds, fools, pails, clouds, harms, parts, hands, bands, bounds, things, etc. In such words as these aforegoing, custom hath already given way, for the leaving out of e in the end, and therefore we may boldly practise it. But there are divers words, which as yet would seem strange, and therefore, for custom's sake we use it, although there be no more necessity, for the using of it in these words, than was in the former: as in fee-ble, stee-ple, needle, tem-ple, peo-ple, and such like. And here it may be observed, from such syllables as these aforegoing, that some kind of syllables, may be expressed without a vowel: for, what use hath e for sound in the last syllable of the word fee-ble? And therefore, if custom would give way thereto, such words, might rather be written thus, fee-ble, steepl, needl, templ, peopl. And here by the way, we may take it into consideration, whether o in peo-ple, were not better to be left out, and the word to be written thus, people.  
There be also, many other words, wherein e might very well be spared, as in give, live, sive, and the like; for, the vowel which went before in either of them is short, and therefore needs no e in the end, to show it to be long: such words therefore might be written thus, giv, liv, siv. As also, such words as these, mouse, house, and the like, forasmuch as the diphthong going before, in either of them, is well known to be long of itself, what need is there of an e in the end, to make it known? The words therefore, they might be written thus, mous, house, and so, all other words of this kind. But I leave these things to the consideration of the Learned.  
You ought also to observe, that it is not needful to write e after y, in the end of any word: because y, will serve sufficiently of itself, to express the sound of ie in the end of a word, as y in cry, is well known to express the like sound as ie doth in cry: and therefore we ought not to write cry, try, etc.  
It is also very needful, for the help of True-writing, that you diligently observe, when you are to write y, for i the vowel: understand therefore in the first place, that it ought most naturally, and truly to be written, in all such words as are borrowed of the Greek, as Synagogue, Physician, hypocrite, mystery, and such like. But forasmuch as custom hath received it, and withal the Learned do so frequently practise it, I see no reason, why we may not use it for a vowel, as formerly we have done: for, in many words (according to our custom in writing) it is, as if it were naturalised, as in my, by, thy, why: for these words are always so written: but in many other words, they are differently written: as for example, some writ thus, die, tie, lie, sty, cry, spy: and some writ thus, die, ty, lie, sty, cry, spy: for mine own part, I think, that both these ways of writing, may still be retained: yet so, as that the first sort may be constantly used for nouns, and the last for verbs, for in so doing, by adding s, to the first sort, they will become nouns of the plural number: as die dies, tie ties, lie lies, sty sties, cry cries, spy spies: and by adding, to the last sort, which are verbs, they will become participles: as die dying, ty ty-ing, lie ly-ing, sty sty-ing, cry cry-ing, spy spy-ing. As for y, which is used for a vowel, in the diphthong ay, forasmuch as it is so constantly used, in the end of a word, as in may, lay, say, day, way, pay: it may therefore, be constantly used, both in nouns and verbs: and not only, in the singular number of a noun, but also in the plural, as day days, way ways, stay stays: and it is not only to be used before ing, as in stay-ing, but also before eth as in stayeth, and before ed as in stayed: and so in all other words, which have the like end.  
It is our custom in writing, to use y for i, in multitudes of words: yea I think, that there is scarcely any word (not being a substantive) that, ends in i, but may (according to our custom) be written with y: as tarry, carry, very, weary, heady, ready, fully, happy, trusty, lusty: and what not?  
It is very meet therefore, that any word, which is a substantive, should never end in y, but always in ie, as City, ditty, treaty, belly: and so all others, save only in some words, where l and n went before: as in alley, valley, journey, Attorney, and the like. Any of these words aforegoing, by putting s to the end, will make nouns of the plural number, as City Cities, ditty ditties, treaty treaties, belly bellies, alley alleys, valley valleys, journey journeys, Attorney Attorneys: and so in all others whatsoever, of either kind.  
Thus much may suffice to have spoken, concerning y, when it is to be used for a vowel in the end of a word: and now it will be expected, that I should show also when it ought to be written, both in the beginning and the middle of a word: I desire therefore, that I may give satisfaction heerin: for I am not ignorant, that some are very much affected, with the writing of y, for i, in the beginning of some words, as in iron, idle, enough, enough, ink, ink, ynckling, with divers others: but the words aforegoing, aught to be written thus, iron, idol, enough, enough, ink, inch, inkling: and here withal I give you to understand, that it is not needful, to put y for i, in the beginning of any English whatsoever; except it be in such a word, that is borrowed from the Hebrew, or Greek, which for the present, I know none.  
Some do also use y for i, in the middle of many words, as in giant, sith, tithe, hide, tide: which ought to be written thus, giant, , tithe, hid, tide: and here also, you are to take notice, that it is not needful to put y for i, in the midst of any English word whatsoever: except it be in such a word, that is borrowed from the Greek: as I have showed before, in the beginning of this discourse, concerning y.  
It is also very needful to know, how words are to be written, when they end with the sound of a diphthong: you are to observe therefore, that all words which end with the sound of eu, are written with ewe: as few, hue, dew: and they are expressed also in these three words, few-er, hew-er, dew-lap. Such words as end with the sound of oi, are written with oy, as boy, joy, coy, toy, and such like.  
Such words as end with the sound of ou, are written with owe, as how, now, cow, sow, bow, vow; and such like. The pronoun thou, is only excepted; and such words as end in ough (where gh is not pronounced) as bough, slough, and such like.  
Two of the words aforegoing, namely, sow and bow, are differently pronounced, as in these examples, A sow and her pigs. To sow the seed. To bow the knee. A bow to shoot withal.  
The sounds of all such words, as these aforegoing, which are so uncertain, they might (for the present) be so distinguished, as to make them better known than now they are: that is, by putting a e in the end of one of them: as in these examples, The sow cannot sow. He cannot bow the bow.  
But there are many words which (for the present) cannot be so distinguished, as to make them known the one from the other, as in these examples, He did use it for a good use. He did excuse himself with a bad excuse. He did offer me a great abuse, to abuse me so.  
Also, there are many words written alike, without any distinction, which differ only in the accent, that is, in the lifting up of the voice in one syllable higher than in another, as in these examples, A convert. To convert. A rebel. To rebel. The incense. To incense. Wherein you may observe, that any word written alike, consisting of two syllables, which may have a or the, put before it, the first syllable thereof, is to be lifted up: and that which cannot, the latter syllable thereof is to be lifted up. As also, the like may be observed, for any other words of two syllables, which are not alike in writing.  
Some words there be, which are alike, both in their writing and sound, and yet differ in their signification: as in these examples, The water in the well, will make him well. The bell- weather, was in the fields with the sheep, in foul weather.  
There be some words, diversely written and sounded, in the same sense, as in these examples, namely, inquire and inquire, inform and inform, incline and incline, indite and indite, etc. It were to be wished, that there were a greater uniformity, both in our speaking and writing, not only in words of this kind, but also in many others. But it may be demanded of me, for such words as these aforegoing. Which is the best way for the true pronouncing and writing of them? To this I answer. That if any derivative words be commonly written and pronounced with i in the beginning, we may conclude from thence, that their primitives ought to be so pronounced and written also. But these two words, inquisition and inclination, be always both written and pronounced with i, by the same reason, we ought to pronounce and write, inquire and incline, and not inquire and incline. The like may be said for all other words of this kind: and therefore in stead of en, we ought always to write in.  
You ought to observe also, that all words of more than one syllable, ending in this sound us, (according to our custom) they are written with ous, but pronounced like us, as in glorious, virtuous, righ-te-ous, and the like. But if  or nes, be added to such words, the sound of us, is written with ous, as in glori-ous-ly, virtuously, righteousness. etc. But all words of one syllable, that end in us, are written thus, us, thus, and trus. (or truss)  
In some words before some letters, you are to observe that a, is to be pronounced like au, and to be written in stead thereof, as in these words, namely, in bald, scald; as also, in mult, halt, salt, shalt.  
Also, you are to observe, that it is our custom, to pronounce all, like au, and to write it in stead thereof: as in balk, walk, talk, stalk, chalk, malkin, calkin, calkers, falcons; as also, in almond, alms, halm, balm, palm, calm, shalm, psalm, malmsey: and in like manner, it is used in these words, namely, in calf, half, salve, salves, calve, calves, halve, halves: as also in scalp, scalps. And as all, is written for au in the roots, so it is to be in the branches, and also, to be pronounced accordingly, as in halving, calving, salving, balking, walking, etc.  
You must observe also, that the sound of ee, before some letters, is expressed by ie, as in field, wield, shield, siel'd, Priest, piece, grief, grieve, thief, thieve, chief, achieve, brief, relieve, relief, siege, liege, Pierce, fierce, bier, Lieutenant, which is to be pronounced like Lieutenant.  
It is to be observed also, that when a word ends in ence, if it be a noun, it is usually written with ce in the end, as a fence, and a recompense: but if it be a verb, it is written with se in the end, as to fence, and to recompense: and in words of other end accordingly; as a practice, to practise, and the like.  
Take notice also, that all compound words, wherein sh, th', or ph, is written, they ought to be divided thus, as household, falsehood, gos-hawk, grasshopper, dishonest, dis-honour, mishap: and not thus, household, falsehood, etc. So likewise, Priesthood, Neat-herd, and not Priesthood, Neatherd: Also, Shep-herd, up-hold, Upholster, and not Shepherd, uphold, Upholster.  
This one thing also, (both for the True-pronouncing, and Writing of English) in a special manner ought to be observed, namely, that most of our English words (as they are commonly pronounced) are monosyllables: for, howsoever we use to Write thus, leadeth it, maketh it, noteth it, raketh it, per- fumeth it, etc. Yet in our ordinary speech (which is best to be understood) we say, leads it, makes it, notes it, rakes it, perfumes it. Yea, custom hath so far prevailed in this kind, not only, with the Learned in their Writings, but also, with the Pres: (Press) as it may most plainly appear, by many wel-Printed Books, now extant. Therefore, whensoever eth, cometh in the end of any word, we may pronounce it sometimes as s, & sometimes like z, as in these words, namely, in bolteth it, and holdeth it, which are commonly pronounced, as if they were written thus, bolts it, and holds it: save only in such words, where either c, s, sh, ch, g, or x went before it: as in graceth, pleaseth, washeth, matcheth, rageth, taxeth: for, these must still remain as two syllables. Howbeit, if men did take notice, how they use to speak, in their ordinary speech one to another, they might plainly perceive, that in stead of graceth, they say graces, and so they pronounce all other words of this kind, accordingly: But I leave this, as also, many other things to the consideration of such, as are judicious: hoping that they will take in good part, whatsoever hath been done, in the Work aforegoing: that so, I may be encouraged yer long, to publish a far greater, wherein such things as have been here omitted, shall be spoken of at large. In the mean time (for a conclusion) I have thought it good, to give a taste thereof, in the syllables and words following; wherein are expressed the true sounds of all the vowels and diphthongs, which are proper to the English-tongue.  
The true sounds of all the short and long vowels, are expressed in these examples. The true sounds of all the diphthongs, are expressed in these examples. ad lad— ade lad. ai day. ed led— ead lead. eu dew. id rid— eed reed. i'd ride. oi coy. odd lod— and laud. oad load. oi coi— ners. ud good ude good. ou cow. ood good— ood food.    
FINIS.   

Errata.  
THe first line in the fourth page, should have been placed in the first page with A. and therefore, the word eight, which is the third word therein, must be pronounced like ait. In the seventh page, in the last line thereof, the second word therein which is caught, it should have been taught. In the second line of the eightth page, the third word therein, which is road, must be pronounced like rod. In the first line in the thirteenth page, in some Copies, in the seventh word therein, which should have been jerkin, is jerking.