Bella Scot-Anglica.  
A BRIEF OF ALL THE battles, and martial Encounters which have happened twixt ENGLAND and SCOTLAND, from all times to this present.  
Whereunto is annexed a Corollary, Declaring the causes whereby the Scot is come of late years to be so heightened in his spirits; With some Prophecies which are much cried up, as reflecting upon the fate of both Nations.  
Printed in the year 1648.   

Bella Scot-Anglica.  
A brief of all the battles and Martial Encounters, which have happened twixt England and Scotland, from all times to this present, &c.  

The proem.  
THe Design of this short Discourse, is to relate the Quarrels, and sundry traverses of war, which have passed from time to time between England and Scotland, Extracted out of the most approved and impartial Historians, as well Scottish, as English, French, and others.  
Out of which premises are deduced these Conclusions;  
First, That Scotland hath been always apt and forward to apprehend any occasion to invade and visit her Neighbour England.  
Secondly, That when she was at the highest pitch of strength, and had the greatest advantages against her, when she had active and martial Kings for her generals, and the French for her firm Confederates, with other Coadjutors and Auxiliaries, she could never be a match no, not by many degrees, for England, whether you respect the int●insick power of the Country, or the innated prowess of the people: All which will clearly appear by the circumstances and success of divers battles and interchangeable Exploits, which being indifferently balanced it will be found▪ that if Scotland did sometimes beat England with the scabbard, England may be truly said to have beaten her more often with the blade.  
I Will not look back and rake the ashes of antiquity so far, as to speak of the social war they entered into with the ancient Britons and Picts against the English, when they began to take first firm footing in England. Nor, of that so famous battle twixt Athelstan and them, at which time they had a great Army of Danes joined with them; when being above twice more in number then the English, King Athelstan carried away a complete victory by a kind of backblow (Parthian like) For the two Armies being ready to join, the English made semblance to fly away, leaving all their baggage behind, and much matter for booty, which as the Scots and Danes were sharing, the English suddenly wheeled about by the advantage of a woody hill, and finding them in disarray, and the soldiers laden with pillage, they rushed upon them with that resolution, that above forty thousand of them fell, and as Buchanan their Prime Chronologer recordeth, the flower of their Nobility perished that day.  
But I intend not to involve my discourse in these misty times, but will take my rise from the Norman Conquest, for indeed the history of great Britain being over clouded with so many incertainties, casteth but a dim light before those times, whereas since, she shines with such a lustre, that what stands upon Record may be asserted for clear and undeniable truth.  
At that time, I mean the time of the Conquest, Scotland did England a very good office by preserving the English blood-royal (which not long after returned to the crown in Henry the second) but it was casually: For Prince Edgar and his Mother, with his two Sisters, intending to go for Denmark, (some say for Hungary) and being by distress of weather driven upon the Scottish coasts, they were hospitably received by Malcoline, than King of Scotland; At which time civility with the English tongue took first footing in the Scottish Court, as the French did amongst the English.   

WILL. the second.  
THe first dart of War that was thrown twixt England and Scotland after the Conquest was in Will. Rufus his reign, when the Scots having made divers incursions into the English Pa●e, Mowbray Earl of Northumberland was sent against them, who encountering their King Malcoline with his eldest son in the field, they were both slain, and the whole Army overthrown. Afterwards the Scots choosing the dead King's brother, King William went in person and deposed him, causing Edward the second, son of the slain King, to be crowned, and making him to swear fealty and homage to England; But the Scots obtained the favour of King William, that neither English or Norman should bear any office of State in Scotland.   

King STEPHEN.  
KIng Stephen having obliged the Scots by many high favours, by giving Cumberland to David their King, and making his eldest son Earl of Huntington; Yet so ingrateful did they prove that they provoked him to send Thurston then Archb. of York with such an Army, that meeting with the King himself in the head of his Forces, he utterly discomfited him, with the death of 10000 of his men.   

HENRY the second.  
HEnry the second, though the pulse of those times did beat high, and that he was distracted with a world of con●●●ions yet employing the Yorkshire Knights, Humphrey Vile; Scutvill and Vescy, they with their victorious arms took the Scots King in the field and tendered him prisoner at Northampton, whence King Henry carried him along to attend him in his wars in France.   

RICHARD the first.  
RIchard coeur de Lion caused William King of Scotland to carry the Sword before him at his second Coronation at his return from the holy Land: At which time King Rich. passed a royal Charter, that whensoever the King of Scotland was summoned to the English Court, the Bishop of Durham, and sheriff of Northumberland, should receive him at Tweed, and accompany him to Teis, from Teis the Archbishop of York should attend him to the borders of that County, and so the Bish. and Sheriffs of other Counties, until he came to the English Court.   

King JOHN.  
KIng John one of the weakest Princes, and the most forlorn that ever England had considering how the Pope and all the world did bandy against him, and what fearful exigents he was reduced unto, yet finding Alexander the second than King of Scotland to give sanctuary to his fugitive clergy, and foment others against him, made an expedition thither himself but the two armies being ready to buckle, the Scot seeing fire and sword to gape upon him, submitted himself, and subscribed to such terms as the Conqueror propounded.   

Edward the First.  
NOw come I to the scourge, or, as his tomb in Westminster tells me, the hammer of the Scotts-men.  
Edwardus primus Scotorum malleus hic est.  
He causeth Balliol to come to Newcastle to swear Fealty and homage to him, who after flying to the French King, Edward was so nettled for this his defection, that though he had a far greater errand in France, yet he chose rather to employ Edmund Earl of Lancaster thither, and to march himself to Scotland in the front of a puissant army; where the Scots in far greater numbers showed their teeth only but durst not bite. King Edward summons Balliol to Berwick when he resubmitted himself with all the Nobles in open Parliament which he held there; And for caution brought the King himself along with him, leaving the Earl of Surrey Warden of Scotland.  
Not long after the Scots revolted again notwithstanding their King was in England, having one Wallie for their ringleader, who did much mischief on the frontiers. And their insolency grew to that height, that besides their inroads, they began to rhyme upon him.  
What this Edward with his land shanks? But he paid them for their rhyming with a vengeance; He goeth again in person and at ●●nkirk battle killed out right 200. of their Nobles and Gentry, with 40. thousand common soldiers.  
Then he summons a Parliament at Edinburgh where all the Nobles swear him fealty again; He carrieth away the Ragman roll, the black cross, and the stone wherein they say the fate of their kingdom is fixed.  
Then was there offered a third provocation, when le Bruce was crowned King of Scotland.  
The Earl of Pembroke was sent against him, who utterly defeated him at Johnston.  
Hereupon le Bruce flieth to the Pope's pantofle making him Lord Paramount of Scotland, which moved King Edward notwithstanding the menaces and fulminations of the Pope who wished him to forbear the Scots (because they were an exempt nation belonging to the Roman chapel) to make a fourth expedition thither where he constrained le Bruce to fly to Norway, where he blew on his nails while K. Edward lived. And▪ so eager was this great King in pursuit of this action, that falling sickly upon the way, He said, If I die before I enter Scotland, I charge you to go on courageously, and carry my body round about the Country; but it pleased God to reprieve him until he had done his business himself.   

Edward the second.  
BUt here comes a calling-card for the English, Edward the second▪ whose greatest honour was to be son to a peerless father, and father to an incomparable son, Rosa spinam, spina rosam genuit. In his time all went to wrack especially in Scotland. At Bannocks battle Gilbert declare Earl of Gloucester, and 40 Barons more, with 700 Knights and Gentlemen, and as some stories record above 40000. more were slain. Which defeat was imputed principally to the ill choice of ground the English had taken. The Scots had behind them rocks, hills, and woods to fly into if necessity required, before them loughs, and moors, that the assailant could not march further. Add hereunto the pusillanimity of the King (and the spirits of men are much raised by their leader) who was said to fly first: and better it is for a lion to lead sheep, then for a sheep to lead a company of lions.  
The Scots hereupon were so agog that they enter Ireland with an Army under the conduct of Edward Bruce the King's brother, who landing at Karig Fergus ransacked all the North parts, where he took such firm footing, that he proclaimed himself King of Ireland, though he had only overranne Ulster. At which time there was such a direful famine, that in some places of Ireland dead bodies were digged up, and their flesh boiled in their sculls to be eaten, as the story tells.  
But two years after, Sir Io. Bremingham then chief Justice, with the Archbishop of Armagh, went with such a power against this upstart King, that at Dundalke they got a most complete victory, one Manpas as it seemed having killed the King hand to hand, for both their dead bodies were found together, and Manpas covering the King's body.  
In England another Army was sent against the Scots, called the York Army, which was also overthrown at Milton upon Swayle. nevertheless the King would venture once more in Person, and with a numerous Army invaded Scotland; The Scots fly into the woods, and places of fastness; And for want of provision in that hungry country, the English were forced to retire, but in the retraict they were so pursued that they lost all their ammunition, which was attributed to the treason of Sir Andrew Harkley. But your critical Annalists ascribe it to the poverty of spirit in the royal head, who being become hateful to God, and man first for perjury, by infringing the oath he made to his Barons; then by disobedience to his father who in his death bed charged him upon his blessing to abandon Piers Gaveston, whom nevertheless he still doted upon with the Spencers, by whose counsels he guided himself, And it was always seen that Princes of an ill destiny follow the worst counsels.   

Edward the third.  
BUt here comes a spirit who will soundly vindicate his father's affronts. Edward the third, a Prince that was the soonest a man, and the longest that lasted so of any in the whole catalogue of English Kings; yet being but young when the Diadem first begirt his temples, after an encounter at Stanhope Park, where great multitudes of Scots appeared, but vanished away like meteors, skulking in woods and mountains.  
In the Parliament held at Northampton, the King of Scotland was released of his homage; But some years after, when the young King began to understand himself, he sent an army with Balliol, whom he caused to be crowned at Scone; And afterwards there was a battle fought at Hallidowne, where the English made the Scots a bridge of gold to fly over, for they betook themselves all to their heels.  
King Balliol being thus restored, Scotland became feuditary to England again.  
But a few years after king Ed. being deeply engaged in his French wars, and thinking Hoc agere, the Scots presuming his absence would prove advantageous to them, make cursory sallies out of Scotland, and plunder all before them in the North, by the instigation of the French.  
But the Queen and the Lords of the North make such a levy of martial forces, that they entered Scotland like thunder, and at a mighty battle one Copland takes the King prisoner, whom, pleading the law of arms he would not deliver the Queen, until the King had sent order from France.  
This overthrow was given upon Saturday, and upon Saturday six weeks before the battle of Cressy had been fought, with another against the Duke of Britain; in all which king Edward proved victorious. And being triumphantly returned from France, with the flowers-de-luce upon his sword, and redoubted now by all the Princes of the Christian world having a triumverate of kings his prisoners, one would think the Scot would have been quiet but they still provoked him so far, that in the dead of Winter (and King Ed. was a Prince for all weathers) he went thither in Person himself, took Berwick, and had all Scotlond resigned unto him, by the King himself, and the Nobles who jointly swore fealty and homage to him.   

RICHARD the second.  
NOw the grandchild of this great King (who turned the wheel of his times everywhere up and down the Christian world as he pleased) mounts the stage. The Scots begin to infest the borders, and do other acts of hostility being actually assisted by the French king, who sent thither his admiral with a 1000 men at arms, and 60. sail with furniture to arm 10000 men more.  
King Richard musters up an Army worthy of a King, and rusheth into Scotland like a whirlwind as far as Dondee, and neither Scot or French appeared to make oppos●tion.  
The Scots (as the French annals say) not symbolising with the humour of the French grew weary of them, and cashiered them, but they kept Jean de Viene, the great admiral prisoner in a manner, until the French king had paid his ransom, which he did, otherwise his admiral might have lain at dead anchor there all his life-time.  
But being returned to France, lest he should seem to show no fruits at all of his voyage, he informs the King, that he had pried into the uttermost intrinsic strength, both of Scotland and England, and found that Scotland was able to put in the field about 30000 men, and 5000. horse, and England 60000 
Charles the 6. of France, called le phreatique.  foot, and 8000. horse, This relation induced Charles the frantic to attempt the invasion of England the year following, with a formidable Army, and Fleet, which was to make sail from the sluice, and for Land-forces far exceeded the invincible Armada of the year 88 But the admiral's account was found false, and to have reckoned much without his host, for as the French Historians report. King Richard had levied near upon 100000. Foot and 20000 Horse.   

HENRY the fourth.  
IN Hen. the fourth's time the tumultuous Scot stirs again, and pillars about the Marches at last he composeth the body of an Army, whom Hen. Hotspur encountered, and killed more enemies than he had men in his own Army.  
Sir Robert Umphreyvile being vice-admiral, takes 14. great ships laden with corn, together with the great Galeon of Scotland, hard by Lith, which so abated the price of corn, that he was commonly called Sir Rob. Mend market.  
A little after the young Prince of Wales hurled himself seven days march into Scotland, and did what he would.   

HENRY the fift.  
HEnry the fift that man of men, and mirror of chivalry (and the strangest Convert that ever was) being come to the Crown, he falls like a Politician to work in erecting Forts on the frontiers of Scotland, which he did without control.  
After he took the young King James the first, prisoner, in a very hot encounter, and carried him up and down with him in the French wars.   

HENRY the sixt.  
HEnry the sixt for some gallant parts in the aforesaid young King James the first of Scotland, married him to the Lady lane, Daughter to the Earl of Somerset his niece; But he proved afterwards hatefully ingrateful, and perfidious to King Henry, banding all his main forces against him but he was shamefully repelled and beaten by Sir Ralph Gray, and the Knights of the North.   

Edward the fourth.  
ANd no less ingrateful and treacherous was James the third in Edward the fourths time who desiring in marriage Cicilia the King's daughter, it was condescended unto so far that he had part of her portion advanced him; yet he fell to acts of hostility and frames an Army, which the Duke of Gloucester with 15000 men ill favouredly beat (though they were twice more in number) and got Berwick again.   

HENRY the seventh.  
NOw come I to that great Magus of his days Henry the seventh who was said to be haunted with walking spirits Simuell Warbeck, and Perkins, whom he chased away by sprinkling of blood.  
The Scots entertained Warbeck, though they knew him to be an Impostor, and raised an Army for him.  
The Earl of Surry and Bishop fox, were sent against it, who drive the King and Warbeck with the whole Army before them six days march into the Country, at last the Scots King sent a defiance for a battle, which being to be fought the next day, the Scot steals away the night before in a silent march.  
Hereupon a Peace was concluded, provided that Warbeck should be banished Scotland, whom notwithstanding they furnished with ships, to go to try his fortune with the Cornish Rebels.   

HENRY the eight.  
ANd now come I to the glory of his days (especially two thirds of them) Henry the 8. for never did Prince rise with a greater lustre in England's hemisphere, and set in a darker cloud. And being extremely busied in the wars of France, who should disturb him but his own brother-in-law, James the fourth, excited by the French, who contributed great sums of money towards the support of the war; The King sends presently from France to the Earl of Surry to make head against them; At first the Earl sent Sir William Bullmer with 200. Archers upon the borders to observe their motion.  
The Lord Humes, entreth with 8000. men, and as he thought to return with his booty, Sir William Bulmer having reinforced his 200, to 1000 fell upon the 8000. Scots, with that fury, that he killed 500 took so many prisoners, and intercepted the whole booty. This made the young King's blood boil within him for revenge, and composing a royal Army of the utmost strength of Scotland went in the head thereof himself.  
The Earl of Surry was not idle, but raised an Army of 26000 men, and his son then admiral came to him from Newcastle with 1000 old Sea soldiers. The two Amies met in Flodden, where after many hot encounters victory fluttered a long while with doubtful wings, at last the King himself, with the Archb. of St. Andrews his brother, were slain, with 12. Earls, and 14. Barons, and 12000 Gentlemen and others, and there fell of the English but 1500. only, nor could the Scots rescue the body of their King, but to mend the matter a little, gave out it was not the King's body, but one Elfinston attired like to him, to encourage the Army.  
But afterwards, though they acknowledged it was his body, yet would not Henry the 8, permit him to have the due rites of Princely burial, because he had so perjuriously violated his faith with him.  
Some few years after the Duke of Albany raised an Army, but he was prevented to do any hurt by the Lord Roos and Dacres, who made bonfires of above 80. Villages without seeing the face of an enemy, No sooner were they returned, but news came, that the Duke of Albany had by this time in perfect equipage an Army of 30000. men.  
Hereupon the Lord Treasurer and admiral, were sent to find him out, but both Armies being come to sight of each other, the Scots not enduring well the countenance of the English Forces, ran away and shamefully disbanded, so that if the Lord general had had then commission ample enough, they might have given a fatal blow to Scotland, as they themselves confessed, but by the intercession of the Queen Dowager, Hen. the eights sister, they obtained truce.  
After this King Hen. condescended to meet James the fift at York, but he failed, sending certain Commissioners, and so cunning was the Scot, that their Commission, and private instructions looked two ways, and as they were treating, tidings came, that the Scots had rushed into, and rifled the Marches most barbarously.  
Hereupon the Earl of Norfolk was sent with 20000 men, who for 8. days did what he would within the bowels of the Country.  
Anothor Army was sent undet the Command of the Lord Dacres and Wharton, who gave them such a mortal blow, that eight Earls were taken prisoners, and 200. Gentlemen, and 800. more, and the stories concur, that there was scarce a soldier, but had at least his two prisoners, this was Solmemosse battle.  
Yet for all this such is the inclination of the English to be at peace with their neighbours, that a match was concluded, and ratified by act of Parliament, with a special instrument under the Scots nobleman's hands between Prince Edward, and the young Queen Mary, yet by the cunning negotiation of the French, the Scot fell off. Hereupon old king Henry, who could digest no indignities, sent 200. ships laden with soldiers to the Frith, under the Earl of Hereford, who marched as far as Edinburgh, burned the town, and part of the castle, returning with revenge and rich booty. A while after the Scots understanding the King was gone to France, thought to serve themselves of that advantage, and to fall upon the borders, but the Earl of Hereford repelled them,   

Edward the sixt.  
EDward the sixt, though yet in his minority, seemed to be sensible of the affront the Scot had put upon him for a wife, though his Father had vindicated it pretty well, but as the case stood, nothing could concern England more, then to hinder that the French of any in the world should have her.  
And now am I come to the last true battle that was fought twixt England and Scotland since the Conquest. The Duke of Somerset was appointed general, the Earl of Warwick his Lieutenant general, the Lord Clinton admiral had 60. ships of war, which were to hold course with the Land-forces. So from Berwick, with a sober Army they entered Scotland, consisting of about 13000. foot and 1200. men at arms, 2500. light horse, 16. pieces of Ordnance, every piece having a guard of pioneers, who came in all to 1400. They had marched as far as Musselborough, far within the Country, and with infinite pains did they surmount the natural and artificial difficulties of the ways, three small Castles they seized upon in their march without offering any act of violence to small or great.  
They understood the Regent of Scotland did far exceed them in number and there came Recruits hourly to him, for the fire cross was carried about by the Heralds through all parts, which is two firebrands upon the point of a Spear, that all above 16. and under 60 should resort to the general rendezvous so that the Historians on both sides leave the number of them indefinite to this day, but they all agree, that they were at least twice as many and they had twice as many Ordnance, yet notwithstanding many other advantage it pleased God to give the English a complete victory (and victories are the decrees of Heaven, when there is no tribunal on earth to determine the quarrel. This happened precisely the same day that Flodden field battle was fought 34. years before. There were 14000. slain outright, whereof there were 3000. Kirk-men; friars and Monks, above 1500. taken prisoners, whereof young Huntly, and other great Lords were of the number; the spoils of the field 30000 jacks and 30. pieces of Ordnance were shipped for England, and the English plundered the Country up and down 5. days march further.  
To these exploits at home may be added a smart blow the English gave the Scots in Ireland, in Sir Io. Perrots government, for some 2000 Redshanks being come over by the Burks means, like a swarm of caterpillars they prolled and peeled up and down, Sir Ri. Bingham then governor of Connaught, made head against them, with a small contemptible number, and at the river of earn near Slego, slew them all outright, so that not one soul escaped, to return to Scotland with news what became of the rest.  
Touching these late traverses of war twixt England and Scotland 'tis true that infortunate England hath drawn upon herself a great deal of dishonour in the opinion of the world abroad, specially among those who understand not the true carriage of things; For these late rushings in of the Scot cannot be so properly called invasions a●invitations, by some spurious and most unworthy degenerous Englishmen, who from a long time had plotted the bringing of them in, and it was the most pernicious and basest treason that ever was practised against poor England: But to give a full and satisfactory relation of this war, I will deduce the business from the beginning.  
Before this unlucky storm fell twixt England and Scotland there were certain clouds issuing from the vapours of divers discontented brains, plainly discerned to hover up and down a long time in both kingdoms specially in that Northern Region: The first which appeared was, when some years after his majesty's access to the crown, there was an act of revocation passed, where some things which had insensibly slipped away from the crown, and other things which were illegally snatched from the church were resumed, and reannexed to both; which lighting upon some of the great ones, they were over heard to murmur though this was done with as much moderation as possibly could be, and by the mature advice of the counsel of state there, with the free opinion of the approved'st Lawyers of that kingdom, and from hence issued the first symptom of discontentment.  
Not long after his Majesty being informed of the mean and servile condition of the Ministers of that kingdom, which have the charge of the conscience, and service of God, and make up a considerable part of the free born subjects; his Majesty understanding what poor pittances they received for their subsistence, and for those small stipends also, or rather alms of benevolence, they depended upon the pleasure of the Laiks, His Majesty by a special Commission to that end found away to augment and ascertain that allowance, and free them from that slavish kind of clientele and dependency they had upon the seculars; Whence may be inferred what monsters of ingratitude those men showed themselves to be afterwards, by exasperating and poisoning the hearts of the people against their sovereign in their virulent and seditious preachments, and inviting them to arms. Not long after, when the poor husbandman and owners of corn were bound to pay tithes to lay persons called there the Lords of the ●rection, were much incommodated by them, because they could not take in their corn till the Parson had fetched away his tithe, who sometimes to show his power or spleen peradventure would defer of purpose the taking in thereof, whereby the whole crop, by not taking advantage of the weather, would oft-times suffer: His Majesty for the redress of this grievance, appointed Commissioners who found a way to purchase those tithes, and bring the impropriators to take a pecuniary certain rent counterveylable unto them: Hereupon the lay Lords and Gentlemen finding that the respect and dependency whereby the Ministers and owners of corn were formerly obliged unto them to be hereby lessened did tacitly discover much animosity and displeasure: Moreover his majesty when he went thither to be crowned having conferred honours upon some whom he had found industrious to promote his service, envy (which is always the canker of honour) began to reign among divers of them which did turn visibly afterwards to discontentments.  
These were the concealed and private grounds, now the open and avowed causes were the introduction of our Liturgy, the book of Canons, Ordination and Consecration with the high Commission Court among them: and it hath been found since that those things were introduced by the cunning of those discontented spirits, that thereby there might be some grounds to suscitat the people to rise, which plot of theirs took effect.  
Add hereunto that after the King of Sweden's death divers Scots Commanders came over, and made a flourish in our English Court, but being soldiers of fortune, and finding no trading here, they went to Scotland and joined counsels with those discontented spirits to beget a war that they might be in action.  
The only pretence they took for their rising then, was our Common Prayer book, hereupon his Majesty sent a Proclamation to be published wherein he declared that 'twas not his purpose to press the practice of that book upon any one's conscience, therefore he was willing to discharge them from the use and exercise of it, and to abolish all acts that tended to that end and that all things should be in statu quo prius. But this would not suffice, for they went on to fish in these troubled waters, having a design to drain all the episcopal sees in the kingdom, and turn them to laic land: Hereupon they entered into a holy league which they termed Covenant, without his majesty's privity, and this was point blank against an Act of Parliament 1585. which utterly prohibits all leagues, covenants or bands whatsoever without the King's consent: Hereupon the body of an Army was raised, and one Lesley was made general, so they marched to Dunce Hill within five miles of Berwick Where the rendezvous was: They gave out they came with a petition to his Majesty, though they brought it upon the pikes point. There were many noble English hearts which swelled high at this insolency of the Scot, and therefore went with wonderful alacrity to attend his Majesty to Barwick, but there were others who were lukewarm in the business, and those of the greatest Ones, which the Scots knew well enough, for there was nothing transacted or said in the King's Cabinet counsel or bedchamber, but there was intelligence given them: Hereupon a pacification was shuffled up, and so both the armies were dispersed. The King being returned to London, grew more and more sensible of these indignities of his Subjects of Scotland, and having called a Parliament expressly for that purpose in England, some of the chief Members thereof were so intoxicated by the Scot, that they did not only not resent this bravado he had done to England, but seemed to approve of his actions. His Majesty finding the pulse of his Parliament beat so faintly for enabling him to vindicate these indignities upon the Scot, dissolved it, and proposed the business to his privy counsel, who not only advised him, but supplied him with noble sums to repair his honour by War; hereupon the former Forces were rallied, and made up into the body of an Army: The Scot was not idle all this while, but reunited his former Army, whereof there was a good part undisbanded (contrary to Article) and choosing rather to make another Country the theatre of the War than his own, he got over the Tweed, and found all passages open, and as it were made for him all the way till he came to the Tine, & though there were considerable troops of Horse and Foot at Newcastle, yet they never offered as much as to face him all the way; at Nea●burg there was a small dispute, but the English Infantry would not fight, so Newcastle gates flew open to her inveterate Enemy, without any resistance at all, where he had more friends than Foes, and the English Generals rather then to be put to unworthy compositions retired in disorder: Whither this happened either by secret faction, or want of affection in in the soldier, or by the faults of the general, I will not determine; but sure I am it was dishonourable enough to poor England, who was bought and sold in this expedition. This was the first entrance the Scot made into England since these unhappy Wars; but this invitation was private, the last was public, being voted by the English Commons, and they rushed in, in the dead of Winter; notwithstanding that his Majesty had taken a toilsome journey not long before to sit amongst them himself in Parliament, where he condescended to every thing they could imaginably desire, and they acknowledging his unparalleled Grace, desired that Act to be revived whereby it was Treason in the highest degree that could be, for any of the Subjects of Scotland of what degree or condition foever to levy any Mlitary Forces without his majesty's express Commission, and this they did to express their gratitude: as they said. But the year came scarce about before they had moulded another Army, not only without, but expressly against his royal Commission, and Counter-command, and would intrude themselves to be umpires twixt him and his English Subjects whither he would or no; so in they rushed again in dead of Winter, and for martial exploits, the little credit they got by storming of Newcastle was nothing countervaylable to that which they lost before Hereford, where the Welsh-men banged them to some purpose from before the town, and made their general to truss up his pack and away, sending him a fat Sow with Pigs after her, and a blue bonnet upon her head for his breakfast.    

Corollary.  
THus have I run over, and faithful related by collation of many Authors, with their concurrent testimonies, those trave●es of war which have passed betwixt the English and Scots since the Conquest, having omitted many circumstances which might have tended further to the glory of England, to avoid prolixity, for I intended at first that this Discourse should be like a skein of silk wound up close upon a small bottom, which a freer hand might put upon the loom and draw to a large piece.  
Any man of a clear and unpassionate judgement will hence infer that the Scots have been always far inferior to the English (except in these latter unlucky Invasions) in point of true prowess, and National Power: In some examples you may find how the English carried away more Captives than they were soldiers of themselves, driving them as sheep before them most of the battles they fought were in Scotland herself, when the English had been tired with long marches, over uncouth, and strange places, being ignorant of the advenues, and advantages of them.  
Indeed in Edward the Seconds reign they got three battles, and one at the fag end of Hen. the 8. wherein Sir Ralph Evers was slain, but it was more by stratagem than strength, and besides the English might have been said to have fought rather against the Heaven and Elements than men, having Wind and Sun in their faces, but that might have been termed more properly a petty defeat then Victory, for there fell not above 200. But what use did the Scot ever make of those Victories, though the North parts have many places of fastness, and tenable, yet I read not of any place they kept except Barwick; all the rest of their wars were but tumultuary sallies, and predatory devastations, and pilfrings. But the English have taken four of their King's captives, killed two of them in the Field, carried away their Crown (which they give out to be greater and more weighty than that of England) their Ragman-Roll, the black cross, with other instruments of sovereignty, and did sundry acts equivalent to a Conquest. They pierced the very heart of the Kingdom, and the Scot may be said to have only trod upon England's toe, for they never came farther than the Walls of York, till the reign of this thing that calls itself Parliament. But if one should ask me why the English having made such firm Invasions from time to time into the very bowels of Scotland, did not reduce it to a vassalage and perfect provincial obedience, as well as to make their King's fuedetary in which state they continued towards England near upon five hundred years?  
My Answer shall be the same that Suetonius gives in behalf of the Romans, who notwithstanding they lorded over the rest of Brittany four hundred and odd years, yet they never went about to conquer Scotland, because they knew the prize would not have countervailed the pains, by reason of the cragginess of the country and incommodity of habitation, therefore they thought it enough that Adrian's Wall which extended from Tinmouth to Solway Frith, near upon fourscore miles should be the Western Bounds of their Empire.  
Out of the precedent Examples we may also gather, that the Scot hath been always of a genius apt and forward to stir against England upon any the least occasion. For of those five and twenty Kings and Queens that have been since the Conquest, only five have been free of their insolences: yet did England never begin with them till she was justly provoked thereunto, nor could Alliances nor Leagues, or any ties of Treaty confirmed by solemn oaths (which are those religious Bonds that pass twixt God and the Soul) detain the Scotish Kings from puzzling and disturbing England, when her Kings were most distracted in wars with France, and the better half of her strength employed abroad, so that the Scots may be said to have been from time to time as goads in England's sides, or a thorn in her toe; and France leaguing merely for his own advantage with them, may be said to have made use of Scotland as the Fox did of the cat's foot to pull the Apple out of the Fire for his own eating: yet for all these eager and irrefragable Combinations twixt the French and Her against England, England ever bore up, and made her party good, and that in a victorious way against both, and for Scotland she may be said to have given Her blows for Phillip's.  
But it seems that Italian was well versed in the Scotishmen humours, who understanding of the late union between the two kingdoms, said that England had got no great catch by the addition of Scotland, she had only got a wolf by the ears, who must be held very fast, else he will run away to France.  
Some there are who much magnify and cry up the Scots of late years, for great soldiers, tacitly derogating thereby from the English, as if they should stand in some apprehension of fear of them; but I cannot imagine upon what grounds they should do it; true it is, that since the Revolt of the Hollander, and these seventy years' Tumults in the Netherlands, some of them are much improved in the Art of war, and knowledge of arms from what they were; they have also pushed on their Fortunes in the wars of Denmark, Sweden, Russia, Germany; and France; for Poland, their Profession there is to truss packs rather than trail Pikes. By reason of the quality of the soil and Clime they have tough and hardy bodies, and it may add to their courage that they venture for a better country, in regard they cannot go to a worse than their own. Now it must be granted that the greatest advantage wherewith Nature doth recompense a mountainous and sterile soil above a luxurious and easy, is, to make it produce suffering bodies; which made the Romans●e ninescore years conquering of Spain, when they were but nine conquering of France.  
For the first, 'tis answered, that if the Scot hath made sallies abroad into other Countries of late years, the English also have done the like, and are in some places in greater numbers, as in the Low-countries, where at this day they treble the number of the Scots, so that the Netherlands may be said to be a Military Yard for the English as well: and he that is never so little versed in the modern Stories will find that the Foundation of that State hath been chiefly cemented with English blood.  
For the East country, 'tis true, there are many able Scots Leaders, and there are also many English of abilities and fame.  
To the second, if the Scots are a hardy People because of their crags and mountains: I answer that the Welsh and Cornish with them that dwell about the Northern Alps in England, are as mountainous as they, and I believe have as suffering and sturdy bodies; which makes the world yield it for a maxim, that no Prince of Christendom hath a better choice to make soldiers of than the King of Great Britain.  
I will conclude with certain prophecies the Scots do much speak of. The first is out of Polychronicon, where the author Ranulphus Cistrensis relates the words of a certain Anchorite who lived in King Egelbert his time, now near upon 900. years ago, and the words are these, Angli, quia proditioni, ebrietati, & negligentiae domus Dei dedit● sunt, primum per D●nos, deinde per Normanos, tertiùm per Scotos, quos vilissimos habent, conterentur: varium erit saeculum, & varietas mentium, designabitur varietate vestium. 1. The Englishmen for that they wonneth themselves to treason, to drunkenness, and wretchlessness of God's House; first by the Danes, then by the Normans, and lastly by the Scots, whom they holden least in esteem, shallen be overthrown, 'twill be an instable Age, and the variableness of men's minds shall appear by the variableness of their vestments.  
The Danish and Norman Conquest have happened since, and the third is to follow in the same manner, say they, not by Succession, but by the Sword.  
2. The second are those prophecies of Merlin, who much tampers with the single Lion, and of the Feats that he should do, which they say, is meant of their Lion within a double Treasure Rampant, Mars counterflowered.  
3. Then come they to the Stone wherein they say, the Fortune of their Kingdom is fixed, which hath lain in Westminster, now near upon five hundred years.  
Ni fallat fatum, Scoti quocunque locatum  
Invenient Lapidem regnare tenentur ibidem.  
If Fate fails not, the Scots, where e'er they find  
This Stone, there they shall reign and rule mankind.  
Which they interpret also must be by the Sword not by Succession.  
4. Then do they apply to themselves a prophecy that the Irish have very frequent amongst them, which is, That the day will come, when the Irish shall weep over the Englishmen graves.  
5. Lastly, that which is so common in the English men's months. [Lincoln was, London is, and York shall be] which they say, shall be at last the Seat of the British Empire, to be erected there by them.  
But I am none of those that afford much faith to rambling prophecies, but will conclude with a late much cried up wiseman, (Sir W. R.) that prophecies are as seeds sown in the vast field of time, whereof not one grain of a thousand comes to grow up: yet these prophecies may serve as so many Prospectives for England, to behold, though a far off in a mist, the danger and destiny which may befall her, from this growing Nation if not timely prevented.  
6. Hereunto may be added another very old and ill-favoured one, which shall fore run her fall.  
Gens tua te prodit, proh Anglia, Scotia rodit▪  
— O England,  
Thine own People thee betray,  
And Scotland makes of thee a prey.  
FINIS.