St. Edward's GHOST: OR, anti-normanism: Being a pathetical Complaint and Motion in the behalf of our English Nation against her grand (yet neglected) Grievance, Normanism.  Quaenam (malùm) est ista voluntaria Servitus? Cicer. in orat. Phil. 1. 
LONDON, Printed for Richard Wodenothe at the star under Peter's Church in Cornhill. 1647.   

Ad Lectorem.  
Reader,  
THis Essay having long waited for room and free audience on the public stage, 
Being written Anno Dom. 1642.  doth now appear; if thou hast a mind to quarrel with it, it must be against the matter or the form; against the matter thou who art English canst not without betraying either thine ignorance in not knowing thy Nations dearest 
* i. e. the title and quality of a free Nation.  Rights, or thine impiety in opposing them; being no other than what she enjoyed and joyed in, till she lost them by 
* See pag. 15.  perfidious Robbers; But if it be the form that thou disrelishest, I confess it needs much favour, and therefore should gladly have seen thee or some other to have prevented it with a better; yet for thy better bearing with the prolixity of the historical part of it (Occasioned by the copiousness of the subject worth and opposite arrogance,) thou Mayst remember that it was King Ahashuerus his choice recreation to review the Acts of his Ancestors, and that the Jews could hear even Saint Steven reciting their high Pedigree, patiently; however, it shall suffice me in this business to have attempted to have done worthily, and I doubt not but every true Englishman will not only indulge the works weakness, but also lend both his heart and hand in all lawful means toward the accomplishing of its 
* See pag. 19  Demands, as without which obtained (at least in a good degree,) this Nation can never be Honourable nor (consequently) Happy. Vale.  
JOHN HARE.   

ERRATA.  
Page 1 line 8 read magnanimity. p. 2 in margin r. vide Virgilium. ibid. l. 20 for right r. weight. ibid. l 21 r. sulphureous. ibid. l 27 r. ingenuous p. 3 l. ● r. unnaturaled. p. 9 l. 9 r. Cimbri p 7 l. 1 r. symptoms ibid. in margin, for subject r. scilicet. ibid.▪ r. Excrescentia. ibid. l. 19 r. recordeth. ibid. l. 25 r. confessed. ibid. l. 27 r. their. ibid l. 38. r. activeness▪ p. 6 l. 14 for of r. as. ibid. l. 16 for is r. are. ibid. l. 26 r. Boulogne p. 13 in margin r. Varianâ. Praeter alia leviora.   

Saint Edward's Ghost: OR, anti-normanism.  
WHile I behold and revolve the great and 
Exordium.  laborious inversions and eversions of things effected by the representative body of this kingdom in this and precedent Parliaments, with that liberal and vast expense of English blood, lives, labour and cost, which with the height of animosity and seeming magnamity, former generations have bestowed, and the present doth not spare in asserting the public causes of this Nation, 
Viz. The abating of Prerogative, abolishing Courts, Monopolies, &c.  and all excepting what's about some ecclesiastical niceties, for the securing (or enlarging) of our Estates and privileges from domestic oppression, and concentred in the object of ease and commodity, and such like petty advantages; I cannot but with shame and grief of mind look upon the genius of our Nation, 
Nebuchadnez.  as seeming to have transmigred from that metamorphosed Prince of Chaldea, who being transmitted from the top of humanity into the condition of beasts of the field for a great part of his ensuing age, made fodder and other brutish accommodatione the proper subject of his content and contentions, not harbouring in the mean time a back-looking thought towards that royal Estate, by the possession whereof he had been once the most eminent of the mortals of his age; or as resembling some strange Heros, who being captived and marked for a slave, should have his senses so captivated also, as to be more ambitious for to be chambered in his jail, and to glister in guilt fetters, then to be restored to his lost freedom and reputation, contending with earnest extremity for the one, but not breathing so much as a wish for the procurement of the other.  
That this is our case I would that the heavy long and everlasting, 
Narratio oneris Nomini Anglico incumbentis.  (heaven grant not everlasting) groans of the hereditary liberty and Honour of our Nation, (the choicest and most essential fundamentals of her temporary well-being, and the most precious part of her earthly Patrimony, the happy ornaments of her youth) long since overthrown, and for many ages together, lying patients most wretchedly under a mass of unworthy oppression, did not too evidently evince, whilst we (her sons) in the interim sparing no endeavours in the behalf of our less valuable rights, are in this respect so stupidly senseless, that whereas we have cause enough with that Aetnean prisoner Enceladus (the eternal monument of dejected greatness) to testify the right of our disgraceful burden with fiery sighs and sulphurous blasts of indignation; 
2. Virgilium. Aenead. 3.  we contrariwise are so far from any reluctance as to lie in a dead sleep under it, as under our grave-stone, having inscribed thereon the Epitaph of our honour in red letters of shame, not daring, or not willing so much as to breathe forth a complaint, or to wish for a removal of that, than which there is nothing under heaven more insufferable to ingenious men, and to such as would be accounted other than the progeny of Cham preordained to servility.  
This mountain of dishonour which the English name hath so long groaned under, 
●x●licatio.  and yet we have never once adventured to complain of, much less endeavoured to remove, is no other than that infamous title of a conquered Nation, and that by so infamous a conquest; but more especially the still visible fetters of our captivity, the evidences of that title; those foreign laws, Language, Names, Titles and customs, then introduced, and to this day domineering over ours, our stupid degenerateness consists in this, that in all our contentions by pen or sword, in all the essays of our Poets or Orators (excepting some few, whereof Verstegan deserves to be memorised) I could never yet find any considerable endeavour for our vindication from this thraldom and disgrace, but rather like tamed Creatures or unnatural janissaries, we soothe and applaud ourselves in these gyves and servile robes as patrician Ornaments; and (that which methinks no true English man can observe without indignation (many of those that would be accounted to have honoured our Land with their pens, 
Viz. Some Poets and Heralds.  have placed that their honouring us for a great part, in celebrating the glory of that Normanism and francism which the desert of our sins hath inflicted on us, and seem to have sacrificed their love and duty to their own Nation, together with their discretion for an holocaust on the Altar of that name, which is diametrically enmity to the English; and such are those that ascribe so much worth to the Norman blood, and strive to pen up all nobility and gentry within the accursed Catalogue of those names that came from the gallic continent.  
Indignities that merit a Lucan's genius and Tullius dicendi vis, 
Ejusdem tolerati Redaergutie  to lay open and explode them; But since the such of this Nation contrary to my perpetual and earnest wishes and expectation, are undutifully silent herein; duty to my country shall make it no indiscretion in me to undertake the task, though (alas) performing it rather by an intimation then due illustration of the truths which follow.  
There is no man that understands rightly what an English man is, 
1. Aturpitudine demonstratâ.  but knows withal that we are a member of the Teutonic Nation, 
1. A Claritate generis nostri.  and descended out of Germany; a descent so honourable and happy (if duly considered) as that the like could not have been fetched from any other part of Europe, nor scarce of the universe, 
Historia gentis Teutonicae.  which will be plain and manifest if we take a just survey of the gloriousness of that our Mother Nation, and that in the sundry respects of her ancient and illustrious original, her generous qualification and magnific and warlike nature; her achievements, domination▪ greatness and renown; her Majesty and other heroical points of excellence, wherein she is so trans●endent, and which make her so Princely, 〈◊〉 that no other Nation in every respect (the Scythick excepted) may without arrogance dare to compare with her.  
To begin with her Original of it, I may say as Virgil of Fame, Caput inter nubila condit she is a primitive Nation, 
Ejusdem antiquitas.  and vaunts her descent to be from no other place, then from the top of Nimrod's Tower, where was made the first division of mankind into Nations; she derives not herself (like those of her Neighbours that boast so much of their great birth) from the conquered relics of ruined Troy; whence also Virgil took so much pains to deduce his Romans, or from any other Nation, but as most conceive the first transmigration that the Teutones made, was (as is aforesaid) from the building of Babel, from whence they were conducted by the great Tuisco (whose name they still retain) and placed in those seats, which they have not only ever since defended against all invaders and intruders, but also most notably enlarged the same upon their Neighbours; others in more ignorant times, conceited they had their original and Spring (like the giants, 
Tacitus, &c.  Myrmidons, Cadmus his new men and other warlike breeds) from the soil and earth under them, as which was never known otherwise then appropriate to their name and possession.  
To this Antiquity of the Teutonic house, 
Fraenobilitas seu Protogenia.  there wants not a conspiring quality of blood effectual to make it the most illustrious and primer Nation of Christendom; For Gomer Japhets eldest Son is acknowledged by Historians to have been the first King and Possessor of Europe, whose heir and first borne was Askenas, the father & denominator of the German Nation; the Jews at this day calling the Germans Askenites, and the Saxons (our Progenitors) as the most noble tribe, still retaining (with a little Metathesis) as well the name as blood of the same royal Patriarch, but whether he were one and the same with Tuisco, or else his Progenitor, is left uncertain.  
For the general qualification of these our Ancestors, it hath ever spoke them to be no other than the true sons of Tuisco, 
Genii excelsit●…do.  that is of Mars (as some interpret him.) The first character that was given of them to the world, was by great Alexander himself, and resulted from that compendious discourse betwixt him and their ambassadors, when upon their worthy Answer to his proud question, (as the supplement to Curtius his History recordeth) he pronounced them an haughty and cavaliering Nation, 
Germanos superbosesse.  envying that any should be as magnanimous as himself.  
The next light that was given of them to the southern world was in lightning terror; 
Bellicositas se● Praestantia animi Corporisque cum rebus gesti●.  this was by that famed expedition of the Cymbri and Teutones peculiarly so called, when as those our more immediate ancestors, wanting elbowroom in their native country of Low-germany and the Cymbrik Chersonesse, undertook in a party of 300 thousand adventurers to seek and mend their fortunes in foreign Countries; the first country they took in their way was France, then called Gaul, a country preordained for the exercise and subject of our Conquests, and bearing a Nation at that time esteemed the Paragon of the world, and for strength, valour, and numerousness invincible; this France and french Nation till then unconquered and in their maiden glory, that Almane Army overran, subdued and trampled under foot, thereby leaving to us the progeny of their Nation, the prime right and Title of conquering them again; this Province being ransacked, over the belly thereof those second Anaki●es bore on their uncontrolled March towards the alps and Italy, where lay the term and scope of their resolution and design, which was to try masteries with Rome for the Empire of the world; Rome was not then in her infancy, under the displeasure of heaven, and propugned by a disorderly and unskilful multitude as Brem●●s found her, but flourishing in the height of her fortune, strength, and youthful vigour; her Discipline unmatchable, her Armies almost invincible, and those managed and conducted by the greatest general of that age Caius Marius, so that well might these positive advantages concurring also with sundry accidental ones (which last were indeed the most efficacious occasions of the event) lend the Romans the fortune at that time over those our ancestors; but although by the disposition of the supreme Will they sell short of their design, and left the honour of Rome's destruction for some others of their countrymen, in ensuing ages; yet did they show forth such famous symptoms of more than human daringness and abilities, 
Subject the Goths.  that the affrightment which they case before them, shook all Italy, and loaded the Roman Altars with prayers at that time, and long after with praises to their deities, for the deliverance of their City from so formidable an invasion, a deliverance that endowed Marius with the preeminent name amongst Rome's preservers, as being from the invasion of such whose performances proclaimed them a Gigantean Army, and the most valiant men that ever the Romans had to deal with.  
Neither did our ancestors glory fail to increase with the increase of time; 
Exce●sc●●tia  for the next age produced Ariovistus, with his martial Army from Germany over the Rhine to the second Conquest of France; so that twice was that Nation subdued and broken by our ancestors the Teutones, before ever the Roman Eagles durst assail it; and had not the Romans then interposed all France as well as Belgia had long before the time of Pharamont fallen into the Germans possession, these Germans at that time (as Caesar recorded) had the French in such vassalage and subjection as that they durst not so much as mutter out a complaint, or petition to their Roman friends for relief against them; nor did the French who had been accounted of all Nations the most valiant in that age presume in any sort to compare themselves with the Germans, but (as the same great author witnesseth) consist in plain terms that they were not able so much as to withstand their fulminating looks; and by the reports of the Germans formidableness, (concurring with the Cymbrick memory) so scared even Caesar's Legions, that all his Centurions fell to a disposing either of their persons to a more security by flight, or of their estates to their friends by Testament; and whosoever surveys the writings of Caesar, Tacitus, and other Roman Authors of those times, no less eminent for judgement then Authority, shall find in them the Teutones our ancestors to have been always accounted (in effect) the Anakitish and most soldiery Nation of the world, and for personage the flower and quintessence of mankind, chosen and advanced above all Nations to the dignity of the Caesarian Guard; by nature consecrate to heroic achieveness, disdaining other then sanguinean desudations, and who during the whole age of the Roman monarchy resisted the violence thereof, and was as often invaders as invaded.  
After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, 
Exundationes.  how did the Teutonic glory and puissance break forth and diffuse themselves; the German Colonies filled all Europe; the Franks seized upon the transalpine Gaul, sithence from them named France; the Lombards upon the other Gaul afterwards called Lombardy; the Goths on Spain, and the Saxons or English, (our peculiar Progenitors) in a more plenary way, upon the best part of Britain which we now possess▪ to which we have since also added the command of the Welsh, Irish and Scots, so that in all the Regions aforesaid of the sovereignty and Royalty, so also most of the Nobility, and in England the whole commonalty is German, and of the German blood, and scarcely was there any worth or manhood left in these occidental Nations, after their so long servitude under the Roman yoke until these new supplies of freeborn men from Germany reinfused the same and reinforced the then servile body of the West, with a Spirit of honour and magnanimity; in so much that as Dubartas hath well observed, that Land may well be styled the Equus Trojanus or inexhausted fountain of Europe's worth and worthy men, which was also apparent and conspicuous in that ever-glorious and renowned expedition of the West for the holy-Land under the conduct of Godfrey of Bulloyne, wherein there was scarce a personage of worth, but who (together with the plurality of the inferior soldiery) was German by birth or blood.  
As this out Mother Nation hath been transcendent above others in her achievements, 
Amplitudo.  and her noble and fruitful issue of Transmigrators and Colonies, wherewith she hath replenished and re-edified her sister Nations of the rest of Europe, and thereby enabled them to hold up their heads, as now they do among the potent Monarchies of the world; So is she no less eminent in the vast bulk of her own body, and the ample tract of Land which she holds and possesseth, and so ever hath done against all the world, being indeed the heart and main body of Europe, as reaching from the alps, near to the frozen Ocean one way, and from France and the British sea, unto Poland and Hungary, the other way, containing for Members her several tribes of the imperial Germans, the Swissers, Belgians, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, Goths and Vandals, (besides us English;) 'tis true that the Celtic Nation was once very great and famous, as possessing both the Gallia's and Britain, but she hath long since in all her three seats surrendered up her possessions, (or liberty) together with her name to the encroachments of her Teutonic Neighbours; and doubtless were all the foresaid limbs of the Teutonic Nation as united in the political association of one head and heart, as they are in the natural ligaments and communion of blood, laws, language and situation, that Empire would not only be the head of the West as now it is, 
The Turk.  but also able to wrestle with the Oriental Competitor, for the command of the world, or at least to shoulder out of Europe his intruding usurpation.  
One more flower of this our mother Nations royal Garland, and a point of her Prerogative above other Nations not only of Europe, 
Libertas inte. 〈◊〉, seu {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman}.  but also of the rest of the world (the Scythick excepted) is her unconqueredness, her untainted virginity and freedom from foreign subjection, which from her first foundation and Cradle, she hath so conserved and defended, that none can truly boast to have been her ravisher; the Roman invasions indeed often assayed her, but could never force her; as for Alexander, the Germans heard of him, but never saw him otherwise then by their ambassadors, who gave him and the world notice by their honourable Answer to his insolent question, how much they feared him; and lastly for Charlemains German Wars they were but as civil and domestic, his francs and more particularly himself being then in all things (but habitation) Germans, and consequently also his archeivements may by good right also be reckoned among the German acts; what other Nation can glory of the like? 'tis confessed that the Greeks and Gauls were for many ages famous assertors of their Liberties, but the latter of the two never enjoyed theirs since the time of Ari●vistus and Julius Caesar, and the poor (never enough to be lamented) Greeks, beside their ancient subjection to Rome, have in these latter times lost not only their Liberty, but also an Empire to boot, together with their laws, Religion, Honour, and never before conquered language, to the cruel oppression of turkish barbarism, all which the Teutones have by the special favour of heaven, from their first beginning preserved inviolate against all invaders; indeed our Neighbours the Scots boast much of the like privilege, but upon no equal grounds, for their remoteness and inaccessibleness together with the unprofitableness of their soil, have been their thief protection from following the fortune of their Mother Nation of Ireland, and yet not so protected them, but as their own Chronicles confess their Land hath been won from them, and they forced into exile for 60. years by the Romans, and their Nation more than once subdued by our Edward the first, when they so often swore fealty and subjection to the crown of England: and for the Scythians, as they of all the world have the best right to compare themselves, as having never submitted their necks to any external power, so may they also for that privilege in part thank their remoteness and barren Climate, that have rendered their vast country not worth the conquering, and themselves as difficult to be found as vanquished by strong and well appointed Armies.  
But that which makes up the sum and apex of this Nations preeminence, 
Imperium.  is her imperial crown the crown of Christendom, which the divine providence upon special choice hath devolved on her, that so she might be no less in title then merit the Queen of Nations; this her possessive dignity was long since foretold by the Druids who (as Tacitus recordeth) prophesied that the Empire should be translated from Rome over the alps, and is no other than what she was borne to in the right of Askenas his blood, educated to in inviolated freedom and generous exercises, and settled in by the purchase of the sword and Rome's adoption, and the same hath been for many ages by her without competition enjoyed, she possessing also most of the other kingdoms and Principalities of these parts by her Colonies, in so much that the German Nation may justly seem to have been created and appointed, for heir of the western world, even as the Scythick of the Eastern, as betwixt which two Nations & their Colonies, both the sovereignty and possession of the most part of Europe and Asia is divided, they being in all things Parallels and Competitors; heaven grant that at length our teutonics, shaking off their evervating vices and divisions, with the same manhood wherewith in ancient times their Ancestors retunded that Scythick invasion of the Huns, mawling that orbis malleum, and in after ages chased the Turks (another tribe of the same Nation) from the holy Land, and repressed their encroachings on Christendom, may also in these last times at lest un-Europe the same Enemy and his barbarism, and readvancing the Eagle in the midst of Constantinople, recover to great Tuiscoes' name that right and honour in Thracia, (which as may be conceived) his person there sometime enjoyed under the name of Mars, confirmable by the still-lasting analogy both in roots and accidents betwixt the Greek and Teutonic idioms.  
Such is the transcendent quality of our mother Nation, 
Transitio à geneae ad gentem.  and in these sundry respects, she sufficiently appears to be the chief and most honourable Nation of Europe; of all which honour of hers, we are true inheritors and partakers, either as Members of that body or as children of that mother, we being flesh of her flesh, and bone of her bone, yea of the most ancient and noble of her tribes, (according to the Germans opinion) The Saxon, still retaining the name (with a little metathesis as is before related) of the Patriarch Askenas, 
Pag. 4.  and this so totally and entirely that whatsoever blood among us is not Teutonic is exotic; 
Pag. 7.  for (as is also before intimated) our Progenitors that transplanted themselves from Germany hither, did not commix themselves with the ancient inhabitants of this country the Britain's (as other Colonies did with the Natives in those places where they came) but totally expelling them, they took the sole possession of the Land to themselves, 
* Quae contraria apud quosdam Nomographos reperiuntur sunt inepta figmenta à Galsrido Monmuthensi & ejus asseclis dictata.  thereby preserving their blood, laws, and language, incorrupted; And in this panegyric of the Teutonic blood I have so prolixly insisted, not only to vindicate our own▪ as being a stream of the same, and to evince the nobility thereof, but withal to convince the folly of those wretches among us, who aversing ours do so much adhere unto and dote upon descents from France and Normandy.  
But least any that cannot reproach us as Germans, 
Pueritia gentis nostre ingenu● & liberatis.  should calumniate us as transmigrators, the consideration of the general quality of such will be our sufficient Apology, for that it is well known that most Colonies and transmigrators are made up and consisting of the flower and choice youth of that country from whence they are transplanted, and being such caelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt, though they change air they retain their Spirits; and this is moreover observable for our advantage that we left not the Land of our Fathers either as exiled for demerits with the Parthians, nor forced and profligated by Neighbours as many others, nor yet with the mind of Rovers that go unjustly to despoil others of their goods and country, but (Than which nothing could be more honourable) the first cause and occasion of our coming into this Land, was at the earnest suit and entreaty of the distressed Britain's, the ancient possessors of the same, to relieve and succour their oppressed Nation against the barbarous and more than unneighbourly vastations and invasions of the Scots and Picts, who with the height of insolence and ferocity domineered at that time over this part of Britain; this was no less honourably atcheived then undertaken by our Ancestors, for Prince Hengistus with a small band of English volunteers which he brought over from Saxony, renownedly repressed and quelled the pride and insolency of the Scots, and with his additional forces so secured this land against them, that for many ages after they dared not to set fo●● out of their own limits; nor ever since could the most sure essefull of their incursions penetrate to the walls of York.  
But did we therefore leave the free-country of our Ancestors, 
Ingenu● adolescentia.  and come over hither to relieve and deliver others from foreign subjection, that weet our s●●…ves might succeed in servitude, sure it will scarce appear that we had any such intent by our ensuing doings and sufferings, for after that upon our fatal falling out with the Britain's about pay, we had long wrestled with that Nation for the possession of this Land, and with infinite expense of blood and labour gained it wholly to our selves (Hengistus his assistance to the Britain's being much of kin to that of Ariovistus unto the Sequanish Galls,) what inundations of invasions did we sustain, what numberless conflicts and encounters did we continually maintain, for the keeping of our possessions and preservation of our honour and liberty, as they were derived inviolate from our Progenitors? and all but against Danish Intruders; a people that were out Consanguineans, our ancient countrymen and Brethren, whose prevailing over us would have introduced scarce strange laws or Language, nor other blood than Teutonic, and although in process of time, being overladen with their inexhausted numbers, and to avoid further profusion of Christian and Teutonic blood, we condescended to some composition with them, and permitted them a cohabitation with us; yet afterwards did we sufficiently quit ourselves of them and their intruding, and by a general execution made them an example for such like Usurpers; such was our ancient antipathy to servility, and the abhorringness of our Nations genius from closing with dishonour.  
Neither was this our generosity of blood and freeness of descent and condition, 
Ejusdem habitus.  the sum of our inheritance or the whole stock of honour that the bounty of heaven had committed to our possession; we were also blessed with a hopeful language and happy laws, laws envied but not equalled in Christendom, and by historians admired as most plain and compendious, 
Vide Daniels History.  and of such a politic structure, as made our Prince a true and happy Monarch, and yet ourselves as free as any people of Europe; our language was a dialect of the Teutonic, and although then but in her infancy, yet not so rude as hopeful, being most fruitful and copious in significant and well-founding roots and Primitives, and withal capable and apt for diffusion from those her roots into such a Greek-like ramosity of derivations and compositions, beyond the power of the Latin and her offspring dialects, as might have with Majesty delight and plainness interpreted our conceptions and the writings of foreigners to the capacity of any English man, without the help of a dictionary or the knowledge of two or three other languages, which now is requisite to him that will rightly understand or speak even usual English; and our laws and Language being not only thus laudable, but also congenite and appropriate to our name and Nation, were most essential parts of our honour, and no less dear unto us (and that worthily) than our blood, and so the pleasant subjects of our delight and study, as also our Princes and nobility being no less naturally our own, were the just objects of our zeal and affection, as was testified in that title of the Prince Edgar Atheling who was styled England's darling, for his blood's sake, and in opposition to the Norman.  
ANd is it then suitable to the dignity, 
Complexio praemissorum scilicet Red●●gutionis à Turpit●d●ne.  or tolerable to the Spirit of this our Nation, that after so noble an extraction and descent, such honourable achievements performed, so much done and suffered for our liberty and honour against the most mighty of Monarchies and puissant Nations, and after such privileges conferred on us from heaven, we should have our Spirits so broken and un-teutonized by one unfortunate battle, as for above 500 years together and even for eternity, not only to remain, but contentedly to rest under the disgraceful title of a Conquered Nation, and in captivity and vassalage to a foreign power? 
Siccine in antiquam virtutem animosque viriles  
Et Pater Aeneas & Avanculus excitat Hector?   
Did our ancestors therefore shake off the Roman yoke with the slaughter of their Legions, 
Scilicet in caede varianâ.  and during the whole age of that Empire (as Tacitus confesseth) resist the puissance thereof, that the honour & freedom of their blood might be reserved for an untainted prey to a future conqueror? could not they endure the sight of a Caesarean trophy, 
Vide Tacitum.  set up by Germanicus in their Land? and can we not only endure, but embrace the title and ensigns of a Conquest over us, that even still triumphs in our Land, in her full insolence, while we can turn our eyes and meditations nowhere about us, but we meet with some object that reproacheth us as Captives: if we address a look toward our laws, they still scorn to speak otherwise then in the conquerors Language, and are (if Master Daniel and others write true) for the most part his introductions, shutting up the remaining Liberties of our Nation, under the name and ntion of franchises, as if we were no further to be accounted free, then enfranchised, that is adopted into the quality of Frenchmen, or made denizens of France, whereby the first point that occurs to the Reader of our laws, is our shame; if we survey our Language, we there meet with so much tincture of Normanism, that some have esteemed it for a dialect of the gallic: if we contemplate the heraldry and titles of our Nobility, there's scarce any other matter then inventories of foreign villages, that speak, them to be not of English blood; but tell us (as their Ancestors sometimes told King John) that their Progenitors conquered this Land by the Sword; and lastly if we but hear the royal title rehearsed, we hear it likewise attended with a post Conquestum, so that we cannot move with our senses, but we hear the chains of our captivity rattle, and are put in mind that we are slaves; vinci humanum est, no people but may be overcome, that may be borne withal; but sub victoria acquiescere, for so many hundred years together, and in a so long continued possibility of excussing dishonour and regaining liberty, to sit as it were snoring in a captive and servile condition, and to be fed with the bread of captivity, were more proper to an Asiatic Nation, (those natis ad servitutem as Tully calls them) then to one of Europe, and to any European then a Teutonic, and indeed to tame Creatures and cattle then to those that profess themselves freeborn men.  
But let us a little reflect upon the nature and quality of these conquerors with their conquest over us, 
Aggravatio.  perhaps they may be such as for their dignity may say unto our Nation, as that Her●s in the Poet, Solamen habeto mortis ab Ae●●●●●… quod sis jugulatus Achillo, and their domination over us such as against the right and equity whereof there is no pleading: But alas what was that Tenth Worthy (whom we are not ashamed even still to surname our conqueror) but a Norman Bastard (as a Scotish writer well terms him) or at best, a vassal Duke of a French Province and what his Argyraspides, his gallant followers the Normans, but a people compacted of the Norwegians and Nuestrians, that is, of the off-scowring and dress of the Teutnique and gallic Nations, whose ambitions Leader upon a pretence of a various title to this crown intruding upon us in a time of disadvantage, and being thereupon put to try it out by the sword with his then usurping Competitor, by subtlety (not valour) obtained the hand over him, and so as Legatee and Kinsman of Saint Edward (the last rightful English King) and upon his specious and fair vows and promises to preserve inviolate our laws and Liberties, was admitted to the throne, so that all the alteration and dishonour that followed, was by his villainous perjuriousness and treachery introduced upon us, and that title of a conqueror was not at first, but by the flattery of succeeding times attributed to him, and hath been ever since by our sordid treachery against our country continued, 
The Duke of Lenox in his Speech to the King concerning war against the Scots.  whereas had he assumed it at first, (as was well observed by an illustrious personage of our Neighbour Nation the Scots, (who are generally more sensible of our dishonour in this respect, than most of ourselves; perhaps worthily mindful of the ancient extraction of the most and chief of their South-Landers from the English blood;) as he (I say) hath well observed in a late speech of his made to his Majesty,) he must either have come short of his ambitious ends, or have sought after a new people to have exercised his title upon, so odious at that time was the Title of a Conquered Nation to our Ancestors.  
But admit it were so that he won this Land by the sword, 
Redargutio secunda ab Iniquitate.  as he and his followers afterwards boasted, and that he obtained such a dismal victory over us as the Norman writers predicate, (whereas notwithstanding if we may believe Aemilius Veronensis, 
Paulus Aemilius veronensis de●ebu●… gestis Francorum. fol. 91.  in his French History, a more impartial writer in this cause, there was no such matter; who taxing those Norman writers of arrogance, reports that the truth of it was that our English soldiers, whom Harrolld the usurping King brought into the field against the Normans, were no less displeased with him then with his adversaries, and that they only put themselves in a posture of defence, 
Non ipsi homines sed causae defuncti victa extinctaque. ib. fol. 91.  without caring to offend the enemy, and that when in the beginning of the battle, Harrolld chanced to be slain by an Arrow, the controversy was presently ended without more bloodshed, an agreement made, and the Normane admitted in respect of his claim, and upon his promises aforementioned, this he reports) but were it so that our English Nation was directly vanquished and conquered by the Normans, (at the sound whereof every true English man's stomach may well rise,) have not we more than once required their Nation in the like kind? how often have our Armies vanquished and conquered not only Normandy but also France itself, whereof the other is but a vassal Province? and why one victory of theirs over us should be of more moment and effect against us, than so many of ours against them, I see no other cause or reason then injuriousness towards us and retchlessness in us.  
But were it so also, 
Institio.  that the Norman race were as lawful Lords and domineered by the same right, of an absolute Conquest over us, as the Turks do at this day over the Grecians, (betwixt whose case and ours (Religion excepted) there is a near affinity;) will any reasonable man be so unjust? or any English man be so impious as to define it for unlawful in us, to endeavour to recover our Right and lost honour and liberty? would any man be so absurd as to stigmatize and detest it for rebellion, in the greeks to shake off (if they were able) the Turkish yoke, and to recover from that enemy's usurpation their ancient honour, laws, liberty, and Language that now lie overwhelmed and buried in turcism as ours in Normanism? surely we ourselves should condemn them, if they would not endeavour it, while our own laws attribute not to the wrongful disseisour, any such right to his forceably gotten possessions, but that he may with more right be redisseised by the the first Owner or his heirs; and indeed it were so far from injuriousness both in the Greeks and us, to dispossess the usurpers, that in the mean time we are most injurious to ourselves, our Progenitors and our posterity, while we so traitorously yield up to those Robbers, what our Ancestors so dearly purchased and preserved for us to enjoy, and afterwards to transmit and leave to their and our Name and blood in all succeeding ages; but in this we are far more inexcusable than the Greeks, for that they never yet enjoyed the means of a deliverance, which we either in a fair or forcible way scarce ever wanted; and surely if our right doth call, our honour doth cry out upon us, that if our Progenitors massacred the Danish Garrisons that usurped over them, we should not (like the Jews eareboard slaves,) for ever serve the Progeny of their Subjects the Norwegians, that we who instead of being conquered with other Nations by Charlemagne, have conquered even the French themselves, would not live captives to their vassals the Normans; and that since our ancestors never submitted their necks to the yoke of Rome, we should not suffer ours to be for ever wedded to one brought over from N●●…stria the meanest shire of one of Rome's (anciently) captive Provinces, unless perhaps it be more honourable for our country to be a Norman municipium, than a Roman Province, to use the Norman laws than the civil of the Empire, and the Norman Language rather than the Latin; any of which (notwithstanding) the Roman Emperors during their prevailing over some skirts of our ancient country of Germany, as Batavia, Rhaetia, and the borders of the Rhine, never obtruded on our countrymen there, but desiring only (for their worth) their personal assistance in the wars, permitted them (and them only of all Nations) the continuance of their own laws, Language and Liberties in all things; But all these we their degenerate posterity have in a large degree betrayed to the usurpation of a Norman Colony.  
But if we think we have not yet received shame enough by this Norman Conquest, 
Redargutio tertia ab Incommodo.  in being thereby stripped and spoiled of all that Stock of honour which might have descended to us from our Ancestors, and of all that our Nation had to take pleasure in, we want not a further degree of the same shame to consider ourselves in, that is as we are by this pretended Conquest cast into such a Predicament and condition as makes as uncapable of acquiring new honour ever after so long as we remain therein; the evidency of this we may descry in our own laws, wherein we find that such as are in the nature of villains, are uncapable of enjoying freehold Lands, but though they purchase never so much, it belongs all to their Lords; should the Turks J●●…i●…ries under their Masters conduct conquer the whole world, yet could they not justly gain to themselves the name of men of honour, but only of stout and dutiful slaves; which is also illustrated by that apothegm of Tully, who defining the way for one that would attain to highness, Tunc (saith he) incipiat aliis imperare cum suis iniquissimis Dominis parere desierit, let him first unslave himself before he talk of getting honour in enslaving others; and therefore though both France and Spain should be by us never so often conquered, yet could our name thereby take no true lustre, till it be cleared of this fast-sticking blemish, and that we have unconquered ourselves; but as an ill-humoured or deformed body is not rectified by nourishment, but finds its pravity to increase and dilate with its self; so should our name and fame by our achievements be extended to the worlds both temporal and local ends, yet thither also would our disgrace accompany it in equal Characters, and proclaiming that we are a conquered and still-captive people, quash all honour that otherwise might accrue or adhere unto us. 
Transitio ad operis scopum.   
I should be voluminous should I fully describe how injurious and dishonourable it is to our Nation, for to continue under the title and effects of this pretended Conquest, being such as we see and feel even the barbarous and contemptible Irish to be more than sensible and impatient of the like, while with so much hazard of their lives and fortunes, and against such formidable opposition, they endeavour the excussion thereof; But I am far enough from exhorting to an imitation of their violent and horrid practice, we feel too much thereof already among us, although for lighter ends; neither (I hope) is any such way needful, since we all from the greatest to the least profess ourselves English, and would seem to aim at the honour of the English name, his Majesty for his part having by many passages showed himself the most indulgent Patron thereof and our Nobility and Commons on both sides contending, (or at least pretending) for no other, none (I hope) among us dissenting, that if any should oppugn it, he were worthy to be proscribed and prosecuted either as a viperous malignant or as a public Adversary; so that it is but the carcase of an enemy that we have to remove out of our territories, even the carcase and bones of the Norman Duke's injurious and detested perpetrations, much more meriting to be dug up and cast out of our Land, 
Vide Daniels Hist.  than those relics of his body that were so unsepulchred from his grave in Caen; let us therefore until we have wiped off this shame of our Nation, and demolished the monuments thereof, no more talk of honour, as being a thing that we have least to do withal, but yielding that and the glory to the Norman Name, reserve unto ourselves nothing but the inheritance of shame and confusion of face; yea let us either confess and profess ourselves for ever, mere vassals and slaves, or else attempt to uncaptive ourselves (the end and scope of this whole discourse) that is effectually, (yet orderly and legally) to endeavour these following particulars.  
1. 
Postulatorum capita.  That William surnamed the conqueror be stripped of that insolent Title (which himself scarce ever assumed after his victory, much less pretended to before, but hath been sithence imposed on him by Norman arrogance and our servile flattery) and that he be either reputed among our lawful Kings by force of Saint Edward's legacy, or adjudged an usurper; however, that he may no longer stand for the Alpha of our Kings in the royal Catalogue.  
2. That the Title to the crown be ungrounded from any pretended Conquest over this Nation, and that his Majesty be pleased to derive his right from Saint Edward's legacy, and the blood of the precedent English Kings 
* As being descended both of David the male heir, and of Maud the heir female of the English blood.  to whom he is the undoubted heir; and that he restore the ancient English arms into the royal standard.  
3. That all the Norman Nobility and Progeny among us, repudiate their names and titles brought over from Normandy, assuming others consistible with the honour of this Nation, and disclaim all right to their possessions here as heirs or Successors to any pretended conquerors.  
4. That all laws and usages introduced from Normandy, be (eo nomine) abolished, and a supply made from St. Edward's laws or the Civil, and that our laws be devested of their french rags, (as King James of worthy memory once Royally motioned) and restored into the English or Latin tongue, unless perhaps it may seem honourable for English men to be still in the mouth of their own laws no further free then Frenchified, 
vide supra p. 14  and that they only of all mortel men should imprison their laws in the Language of their enemies.  
5. That our Language be cleared of the Norman and French invasion upon it, and depravation of it, by purging it of all words and terms of that descent, supplying it from the old Saxon and the learned tongues, and otherwise correcting it, whereby it may be advanced to the quality of an honourable and sufficient Language, than which there is scarce a greater point in a Nations honour and happiness.  
(To which may also be added the removal of an Indignity of kin to the former in quality though not in cause, namely the advancing of the French arms above ours in the royal standard, as if by our Ancestors conquest of that Nation, we had merited nothing but the public subjection of our honour to theirs; The Scots (though an inferior Nation) denying us any such Privi in their own kingdom.)  
These things thus obtained and Normanism thus abolished, we may then (and then only) have comfort in our name, as after our excussion of that which is utterly destructive to the honour of our Nation, which is the motive unto us to demand and require these things; neither want there reasons sufficient on the other side why they may and aught to be granted, 
Pa●●●…etica.  some ledge whereof are these.  
For his Majesty, 
1. Ad Regem.  it will be no prejudice to his title, nor impeachement of the honour of his blood, should he wave his descent from Normandy, but rather an improvement of the same, by how much it is more honourable to be derived from free Kings then vassal Dukes, and from Saxony the heart and noblest part of Germany, then from Nu●stria or Norway; and it will moreover settle him as welll in the true affections as on the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of this Nation, which none of his predecessors since the pretended Conquest could rightly enjoy, there being too much tincture of domination in their rule and of captivity in our obedience, and this is confirmed by that love and honour which the most glorious Kings of this realm have here gained by their inclining this way, witness Henry the first, approved and beloved above his Norman predecessors, who for that sole purpose took to Wife Edgar Athelings Neese, the female 〈◊〉 of the English blood; next Edward the first, whose memory is no less acceptable for his being the first reviver of that Name in that line, then for his enlarging the honour and dominion of this State; Thirdly, Edward the third, the most glorious renowned and precious of all our Kings, not only for his famous victories, but withal for restoring in a good degree the use and honour of the English tongue formerly exiled by Normanism into contempt and obseurity; to which purpose also it is observable that none of our Kings since William the pretended conqueror and his son, have bore their name, the imposing whereof on our Princes their royal Parents seem purposely to have avoided as justly odious to the English Nation, whereas with what honour they have continually used both the name and shrine of Saint Edward, I need not recount, And if these Kings so lately after the conqueror, and while the Norman blood ran almost fresh in their veins, thought it their duty in some sort to profess for the English name against Normanism, how little misbecoming will it be for his Majesty after his so many age's ingra●●ment into this Nation and disunion from the other, and having in him for one stream of the Norman blood, two of the true English, to profess himself altogether English, and to advance that Nation to the greatest lustre he can, whereof he professeth himself the natural head, yea it will so far transfer him above the honour and felicity of his Predecessors, as it is more honourable and happy for a Prince to be called and accounted the natural father of his country, than the exotic Lord of the same, of which titles the very Tyrants of Rome were ambitious for the forms, but rejected and detested even the one half of the latter.  
For the Norman Progeny, 
2. Ad Progeniem Normannicam.  they may consider that themselves (as Norwegians) are originally (as Verstegan hath well observed) of one and the same blood and Nation with the English, namely the Teutonic, and that in doing what is here required, they shall but shake off that tincture of gallicism which their ancestors took in N●●…stria, and rejoin themselves with their ancient countrymen, which also even their own honour requires of them, even according to the opinion of the ancient Treviri, who as (Tacitus recordeth) though inhabitants of France, yet disdained to be accounted of the French blood, but ambitiously adhered to their descent from Germany; the gallic Nation having been servile ever since the time of Julius Caesar, and no other their language which we so much honour and dote upon, than an effect of the Roman Conquest over them, and a testimony of their long vassalage and subjection to that Empire.  
But if they can relish no honour but what must arise and fetch life from our shame, let them revolve how loath they would be to be served as sometime the Romans dealt with the insulting Gauls, the relics of Brennus his Army, whom they utterly rooted out of Italy, Nequis ejus gentis superesset qui incensam a se Romam jactaret, as an Historian hath it; and if they will needs continue the Danes Succeeders in insulting over us, they may also remember that we are the posterity of those English who massacred them, and that when they had a potent kingdom at hand to revenge it, which these others are to seek for.  
Lastly, State-policy requires it, 
3.  it being requisite to the good and safety of the kingdom in general; 
Ad Ordines seu Procuratores Regni.  for if ingenuous valour in the people, and their love to their King, State, Nobility and laws, with their regard to honour, be the chief strength of a realm against foreign invasions (for instance and testification whereof we need look no further than the Scots) it is necessary that if our State would enjoy that strength, our Nation enjoy these demands; for how can we love and fight for those laws which are ours only by our enemy's introduction, and are our disgrace in stead of honour, or for that sovereignty and Nobility, in whose very Titles (as before is related) we read our country to be already in Captivity, and that the alteration of the State will be to us, but changing of usurpant Masters? Neither will the recordation of our ancient honour be any better a provocation to that purpose; should the Turk go about to exhort his Grecian soldiers to valiantness in his cause and against his foreign Enemies, by commemorating unto them the ancient glory and prowess of their Nation, would not that cohortation merit to be taken as an insulting irrision, and should not the first effect there of be a vindictive incitement of them against himself as the most proper object thereof in all respects, so also cannot the remembrance of our ancient glory (if we consider ourselves aright) incite us to any thing more than to the clearing of ourselves from this insulting Conquest; as already and long since pressing us with that dishonour, which other dangers at most but threaten; and as upon these grounds, we can scarce find courage to fight for the safety and preservation of the State, so for the same reasons have we as little heart to pray or wish for the same, until our national honour be restored to a coexistence therewith.  
Since therefore these things are so behooveful for our Nation to demand, 
Peroratio.  and for our State to grant, if after due consideration thereof we continue to want the happy fruition of the same, it must be ascribed either to an overgrown baseness of mind in the one, or an natural malignity in the other as indulging rather to a foreign Name then to the Nation whereof the said State is a part and entrusted with the welfare and honour thereof; and in this stillservilizing case it will be ridiculous for us (the Nation) to pretend to honour or renownedness, but more proper for us forever to profess ourselves of that quality wherein we take up our rest, to wit, captivedness and servility; but if we may descry a glorious morning and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} of our benighted honour refulging in the happy accomplishment of these our desires, than shall we with alacrity press all that the English name investeth, unto the defence and enlargement of the English Dominion, and instead of disclaiming our Nation and transfuging to others, as many of us now do, and have done especially in Ireland, we shall joy to make anglicism become the only soul and habit of all both Ireland and great Britain. Dixi.  
Octob. 1642. I. H.  
FINIS.