ΠΑΝΖΩΟΡΥΚΤΟΛΟΓΙΑ.  
SIVE Panzoologicomineralogia.  
Or a Complete HISTORY Of Animals and Minerals, Containing the Sum of all Authors, both Ancient and Modern, galenical and CHEMICAL, touching Animals, viz. Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Serpents, Infects, and Man, as to their Place, Meat, Name, Temperature, Virtues, Use in Meat and Medicine, Description, Kind's, Generation, Sympathy, Antipathy, Diseases, Cures, Hurts, and Remedies etc.  
With the Anatomy of MAN, his Diseases, with their Definitions, Causes, Signs, Cures, Remedies: and use of the London Dispensatory, with the Doses and Forms of all kinds of Remedies:  
As also a History of MINERALS, viz. Earth's, Metals, Semi-mettals, their Natural and Artificial excrements, Salts, Sulphurs, and Stones, with their Place, Matter, Names, Kind's, Temperature, Virtues, Use, Choice, Dose, Danger, and Antidotes.  
Also an 

Introduction to ZOOGRAPHY and MINERALOGY.  
Index of Latin Names, with their English Names.  
Universal INDEX of the Use and Virtues.    
By ROBERT lovel. St. C. C. Oxon, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
OXFORD, Printed by HEN: HALL., for JOS: GODWIN. 1660.   

Serenissimo & Invictissimo CAROLO TWO, Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, & Hiberniae Regi, Fidei Defensori: etc. Omnia Secunda.  
AD Regem, Serenissime Rex, tardus accedo, sed laetus; nec laetus, quia tardus; sed tardus, quia laetus; quia remis velisque & bonis avibus appulsus; nec quia appulsus ipse ego, sed REX IPSE: at at, En Vestram ad Majestatem tandèm accedo, nec carmina apporto, sed carnem, haud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, sed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, meo etenim (vestro potius, ut rectiùs dixerim) cum grege, cum equo, cum Monocerote, cum Leone, & cum agno, & quotquot sunt; agnosco etiam, cum vulpe, sed catenata; & cum lupo, sed quem auribus teneo; nec sine avibus, cum aquila, cum pelicano, cum luscinia, cum columba cum olivae ramo, nec sine vulture, (utpotè qui bella sequitur,) sed de eo concla●atum est: nec taceo pisces, cum delphino, cum purpura, cum gladio, sed non sine siluro, & cum enchrasicolo, sed sine capite: nec sine Serpentibus, Invictissime Rex, cum angue, cum jaculo, cum caecilia, cum amphisbaena, sed sine venenis, cum basalisco, at sibilare non audet, cum vipera, cum haemorrhoo; sed non sine remediis: nec non cum Insectis, sc. cum ape, cum formica, cum bombyce, nec sine hirudinibus, erucis, cantharidibus, auriculariis, muscis, crabronibus, vespis, sed horum capita filo tam tenui junguntur corpori, ut quoties pungunt, facili negotio devictae sint vires, & ipsa suis ictibus fiant remedia; accedo etiam cum cochlea, ideóque tardus: denique mecum meum affero servum, ut Vestrae Majestati fidelis si non fuerit oeconomus, omnibus trium regnorum Anatomicis fiat spectaculum. Restat adhuc aliquid terrae, sc. sigillatae, cimoliae & cretae; nec omnia perdidi metalla, etenim aes superest, sed quod antea damnabatur in bombardarum usum, & globulorum plumbum, ex ferro fiebant enses, & ferro ferrea aetas; nunc verò volente Deo, populo volente, aurum denuò metallorum Rex est, & argentum quod totum ferè erat vivum (adeò ut vix quispiam loculis retineret,) jam fixum esto, & vestrâ insignitum effigie: est etiam nonnihil salis, quod nullus dubito, quin Vestra Majestas, ne insipidum fiat, curabit; & sulphuris, quod si nulli alii inserviat usui, haereticorum utcunque comburendis inserviat libris: sed adhuc supersunt gemmae, in quarum numero duodecim sunt sacrae, quae nunc restant ad coronam vestram decorandam; & quotquot alii plebeii nimis in Lithologia sunt lapides, ad nihil aliud si utiles, ad contegendos inimicorum Regis serventur tumulos: hae sunt (Serenissime Rex) quales saeviente Marte (tanquàm in Arcâ) servare potui divitiae, quas Sacrae Majestati Vestrae D. D. D.  
Augustissimae Majestatis Vestrae Devotissimus Servus Robertus Lovellus. Ex Aede Christi, OXON.   

ISAGOGE ZOOLOGICOMINERALOGICA. OR An Introduction to the History of Animals and Minerals, or Panzoographie, and Pammineralogie.  
COURTEOUS READER,  
THY former acceptance of my Book of Plants, (Pambotanologie,) containing the first part of the materia medica, doth now encourage me to present thee with the second, called Panzoologie, and a third, or Pammineralogie: in the first of which, thou hast the nature and use of all sorts of useful Animals, both dietetical and medicinal, etc. and that of Minerals in the last.  
I. As for Animals, they are animate bodies, and sentient, having local motion, and are either irrational or rational.  
I. Irrational. I.  beasts, which are. 1. Solidipedes, having whole hooves; as the Horse, ass, onager, mule, zebra, elephant, unicorn, and cornute ass. 2. Bisules, having divided hooves; and these are either cornigerous ruminants, horned and chewing the cud; as the Cow, empalanga, ure-oxe, bison, butrones, bonasus, bugill, strepsiceros, sheep, musmon, goat, rock-goat, ibex, bubalis, pygargus. buck, cagua cuete, cugvacu-apara; musk-cat, bez●artick-goat, vicuna, taruga, Scythian suhak, Syriack mambrina, oryx, hart, macame, yztac macame, quauhtlamacame, tamamacame, seovasseu, tragelaphus, tarandus, rainger, elk, and rhinoceros: or ruminants without horns; as the Camel, dromedary, hugium, becheti, ragvahil, and camelopardale: or not ruminating; as the Hog, zainus, and tapierete: or aquatic, as the Sea-horse. 3. Viviperous digitates, having divers toes, and bringing forth live young ones, and are either wild; as the Lion, puma, mitzli, quamitztli, macamitzli, cuitlamitzli, tlalmitzll; Pardal, thcotochtli; lynx, tiger, tlaeoocelotl; bear, wolf, gulion, and sesef: or wildish; as the Fox, cojotl, cuit-laxcojotl, azcacojotl, oztoa, izquiepotl, conepatl, bachirae, annae, ilpemaxtla, carygueja, tajibi, tamandua-gvacu, tamanduai, coati; ape, orang-outang, baris, monkey, guariba, exquima, cagvi, sagovin, macaqvo, cay; cynocephalus, papio, upalim; ignaws, priguiza, bay, badger, heyrat, quaupecotli, tzcuintecuani, tlalcoyotl; beaver, otter, saricovieme, carygveibeju; ichneumon, weasel, hermellani, visela, girella, rosola, chiurca, vormela, lardiron, hamester, fitch, neerza; martes, mustela zibellina; civet cat, hare, citli, cotias, pacas; coney, pig-coney, pactli, eliztactotli, cuitlatepotli, tocanthoctli, quautochtli, metochtli, cacatochtli, cuitlatepolli, hapaztochli, viscachae; squirrel, quauhtcchallotl, tliltic, quapachtli, techallotl, thalmototli, quimichpatlan, yztactechalotl; dormouse, mouse, rat; aquatic mouse, filbert, shrew, Alpin mouse, & coyopollin; mole, hedghogg, porcupine, and tatus: or domestic, as the Dog, melitean, hound, grayhound, bloodhound, beagle, bandog, mastive, cur, xoloitzevintli, itzcevinteporzotli, tetichi, and cat. 4. Oviperous digitates, having divers toes, and bringing forth eggs, and are either covered with skin; as the Aquatic frog, toad, green frog, temporary frog, lizard, lizard green, and chalcidick, Indian senembi, tejugvacu, taraguira, americima, caropopeba, ameiva, taraguycu aycuraba, tejunhana; salamander, stellion, scinck, cordylus, chamaeleon, and crocodile: or testaceous, having shells; as the Torteise, jaboti; lutarie torteise and marine, jurucua, jurura: or Exotic and dubious, as the Tlacaxolotl, cabim, animal maripetum, danta, cappa, ejulator, su, peva, foetid animal, Graffa, and caoch.  
II. Birds, which are 1. Terrestrial carnivorous, or living upon the land and eating flesh; as the Eagle, chrysaëtus, haliete, melanete, pygargus, morphnos, percuopter, ossifrage, anopaea, white eagle, heteropos, avis scythica; vulture, little, cinereous, boetick, black, leporarie, and golden; hawk, asteriu, hobby, sparrow-hawk, falcon gentle, merlin, kastrell, buzzard, ringtaile, colluriones, kite, harpy, cuckoo, falcon, saker, gyrfaulcon, peregrine, mountane, tunetane, gibbous, white, lapidary, arborarie, red, cyanopus, and promiscuous; Parrot, great cyanocroceus, white cristate, green, poikilorinchus, green melanorinchus, leucocephalus, erythrocyanus, cinereous, erythroleucus, torquatus macrourus, erythrochlorus macrourus, erythrochlorus cristatus; crow, cry, rook, chough, coracia, pyrrhocorax; pie, caudate, indian, glandarie, garrulus, marine, persic ampelide, brasilian, rhinoceros, loxia; owl, screech-owl, horn-owle, scops, aluco, owlet, caprimulgus; bat, and ostrich. 2. Phytivorou, or feeding upon plants; and these are either, granivorous not melodious, or feeding upon grain, and singing not, and are pulveratricious and wild; as the Peacock, japonian, and turkey; pheasant, bustard, grigallus, heath-cock, hasle-hen, land duck, stella, oedicnemus, partridge, graecian, reddish, cinereous, white, and damascen; quail, ortygometra, and cynchramus: and pulveratricious domestic, as the Cock and hen, patavine, Turcick, Perfick, Scottish, Indian, and Guinea; and pulveratricious lavant, as the Pigeon, ring-dove, stock-dove, alchata; turtle, sparrow, white, yellow, spotted, whitish, mountain, wild, torquate, juglandine, illyrick, brachyurus, porphyromelanus, and embriza: or granivourous and melodious; as the Goldfinch, sisken, Canary sparrow, finch, brambling, linnet, lark, cristate, and not cristate, green-finch, citrinella, serinus, and lutea: or baccivorous, or eating berries; as the Thrush, ixophagus, trichas, blackbird, saxatile, mountain, torquate, double-coloured, roselike, brasilian and indian, stare, and clot-bird 3. Insectivorou, or feeding upon infects, and are. either not melodious; as the Woodpecker, great, greatest, green, luteous cyanopus, murarie, nutjobber, witwal, hickwall, creeper, wren, cristate, and not cristate, hedg-sparrow, asilus, swallow, wild and riparie; martinet, hoop, tit mouse, great fennish, sylvatick, black, c●yuleous, caudate, & cristate; wagtail, spipola, stoparola, muscicapa; robin-redbreast, bunting, redtaile, phoenicurus, anthus, cannevarola, oenanthe, lusciniola: or melodious; as the Nightingale, titling and colemouse. 4. Aquatick palmipedes, living in the water, having whole feet, which are either, piscivorous, or feeding upon fish, as the Pelecane, bird diomedea, sea gull, white, cinereous, piscatorie, black, sterna, fidiped; sea-drake, cepphus, barnicle, plungion, sylvatick crow, night-raven, palmipede daw, mergus, rhenane, glacial, longirostrate, rau●edulous, red, white, cirrhate, merganser, gulo, morfex, scheladrachus, colymbus, uria, br●nthus; Phalaris, avosetta, and trochilus: or herbivorous, eating grass or plants; as the Swan goose, tante and wild, barnicle, birgander, capricalca, duck, domestic, indian, lybian, cairine, wild, teale, glaucius, fuscous, muscovie, platyrynchus, fistularie, candacute, black herle, la tardone, puffin, and bird penelope, coat, and rallus. 5. Aquatick fissipedes, abiding in the water and having divided feet; and are either carnivorous, or feeding upon flesh; as the Stork, ibis; phoenicopter heron, blue, dwarf, garletta, egretta, squaioeta, bittour, falcinel, bird pugnax; porphyrion, horion, h●lorius, limosa, barge, haematopus, kingfisher, and rousserolle: or insectivorous, or eating infects, as the Arqua-Arquata, crece, totanus, calidris, himantopus, aquatic henn, chloropus, erythropus, rhodopus, erythra, ochra, hypoleucus, serica; woodcock, snite, gallinula, chloropodes, trynga, red-sparrow, water-swallow; lapwing, cercio, plover; and charadrius: or herbivorous, feeding upon plants, as the Crane, balearick, and japonian. 6. Exoticks, or outlandish, chiefly the American, and they are terrestrial; or such as live upon the land: as the Manucodiate, rhyntace, bird day guitguit, maja, xochitenacatl, jajauhquitototl, tuputa, quapachtototl, tentzontototl, tritonus, hoactzin, emeu, xochitototl, aura, garagay, quetzaltototl, tzinitzian, totoquestal, tepetototl, hoitlallotl, dodone, ceoan, cenotzqui, pauxi, picicitli, polyglotta, chicuatli, tominejus, cuntur: of Brasil, Guranhaeengera, tangara, quereiva, tucana, quirapanga, macucagna, and mutu: of Maragnana, ovyra ovassou, moyton, toucan, ouru, jandou, salian: or aquatic, living in the water; as the Passer stultus, anser magellanicus, jochualcuachili, xochitenacatl, tlauhquechul, acolin, quachiltone, acacalotli, xomotl, acototloquichitl, aca cahoactl, jacacintli, xlepapantototl, hoactli, heatototl, achalalactli, amalozque: of Farra, Lunda, alka, lomwia, ilabrimel, goifugel, hafflert, stormfinck, barnfiard, helfingegans, exandgans, skua, aves lomsbay, vulture aquaticus, flamenco: or Brasilian, as the Nhanduguacu, jacana, curicaca, tiiepiranga jacapu, jambu, gallina africana, quiratangeima, jupujuba, sayacu, ani, guira guainumbi, jaeguacatiguacu, mitu, mituporanga, ibijau guainumbi, jacup ma, jacamacaii, jacurutu, soco, matuitui, jabiru, jabiruguacu, manucodiata or paradisea, gui●apunga, quiraquerea, jacamaciri, cariama, guara, urutaurana, maguari, guarauna, ajaja, picui pinima, pica cureba, tuidara, guaca guacu, tapera, psittaci aiuru, aiurucurau, aiurucuruca, tui tirica, jendaya tui eat, tui para, araracanga, ararauna, anaca, maracana, qui juba tui, paragua, tarabe, ajurucatinga, ajuruapara, ipecu, urubu, tamatia, guirajemoja, gurrarunheengeta, cocoi, guiratinga, jacarini, guiratirica, guiran heemgatu, curucui, caracara, tijeguacu, teitei, guiraguacu beraba, guiracoereba, guiraperea, japacani, cabure, andira aca, macuacagua, urubitinga, mareca, tijeguacu paruara, tangara, anhima, pitangua guacu, attinguacu camacu, guira acangatara, matuitui, aracari, anhinha, ipecati apoa: the aquatic are, Quiratinga, caripira, calcamar, ayaya, caracura, guara, guirateonteon; the fabulous are, the Gryphin, harpy, stymphalides, sirenes, seleucides, phoenix, cinnamologus, and semenda.  
III. Fishes, which are, 1. Marine, and these are either pelagious, living in the main sea, and either scaled; as the Linge, molva, morchuel, haddock, sea tench, herring, liparis, aper, scolopax, monoceros, glaucus, and hippurus; or smooth, as the tunie, pompilus, amia, swordfish, suckstone, sea-serpent, conger, orphidion, lamprey, myrus, and taenia; or cartilagineous, and they are long, as the Dogg-fish, galeus, catulus, eel, mustelus, asterias, maltha, vulpecula marina, centrine, simia marina, zygaena, mola; or plain, as the cramp-fish, fork-fish, sea hawk, ray undulate and oculate, oxyrinchus, stellarie oculate and clavate, spinose, rough, fullonick and roughest; sea frog, skate, lamia, lump, and gibbous fish: or saxatile, living near stones, and are squammose; as the Golden eye, thrush fish, peacock fish, lepras, cook fish, julis, phycis, sea perch, channe, liver-fish, black tail, alphestes, crow-fish, adonis, amber, anthiae, sea gudgeons, sphyraena, horne-beak, and faber; or smooth, as the Larkfish cristate and not cristate, and pholis: or litorall, living near the shore, and are either squammose not plain, as the Mullet, swallow fish, cuckcowfish, keeling, harp-fish, pagrus, crythrinus, acarnane, orphus, dentix, synagris, chromis, guilt head, sargus, sparus, mormyrus, cantharus, stock fish, stromatheus, fiatola, scorpion fish, scorpaena, blennus, pecten Rom, graundlin, phalerick, membras, cobites, hephetus, anchovae, atherina, lavaronus, sprat, mana, smaris, and boops; or squammose plain, as the Sole, citharus, rhomboides, and plaise; or smooth, and not scaled, and they are not plain, as the Sandilz, dragon, dracunculus, star-gazer, roughtaile, mackrel, colia, saurus, corax; or smooth and plain, as the Platessa, & sea flounder. 2. Marine and Fluviatile both, and are squammose, or scaled; as the Salmon, pike, latus, alosa, ziga, mugil, capriscus, sturgeon, galeus rhodius, and cataphractus: or smooth, as the Huso, eperlanus, lamprey, eel, orbs, holosteos, and catan. 3. Fluviatile, or living in rivers, and are squammose, or scaled; as the Trout, grailing, umber, barbel, capitones, little, rapacious, and reddish; dace, oxyrinchus Rond, corvus niloticus, nasus, gudgeon capitate and not capitate, pisciculus asper; cobites aculeate, and barbatula, phoxinus, bubulca, and roche; or smooth, as the Attilus, antacaei, ichthyocolla, glanis, barbota, mustela, fossil fishes, stonebright, and salmerinus; or living in rivers and other sweet waters, as the Perch, ruffs, scrollus, bley, jack, carp, bream, ballerus, tench, and lota; or lakish, as the Vmbla, trout, carp, lavaretus, bezola, albula parva, albus, farra, pigus, schilus, & sarachus. 4. Exotic, and they are either squammose; as the Tajasica, paru, pira acangata, acarauna, guaperua, piranema, acarapucu, pudiano vermelho, pudiano verde, juruucapeba, jaguaraca, carauna, cururuca, guatacuba juba, pira jarumenbeca, tamoata acara, pira pixanga, vubarana, capeuna, acarapitamba, jaguacaguare, curimata, tareira d'Alto, tareira de Rio, piratiapia, ceixupira, piquitinga, camuri, gvara capema, miivipera, guaibi coara, guaperua, piraya, amore guacu, guacari, piraumbu, acaraja, acara, guaru-guaru, cucupu-guacu, maturaque, carapo, piaba, piabucu, nhaquunda, amore pixuma, amore tinga, guara tereba, piracoaba, corocoro, guatucufa, uribaco, guarerva, camaripuguacu, piratia pua, curema, parati, and aramaca: or smooth, & that altogether so, as Guamaiacu ape, petimbuaba, nhambdia, guaperua, curvata pinima, puraque, piscis innominatus, mucu, abacatuaia, acaramucu, punaru, timucu, guebucu; bagre, ajereba, jabebirete, niqui, and guatacupu; or not altogether so, as the Guacucuja, guamajacu guara, and guamajacu attinga, narinari, tiburones, and iperuquiba: or monstrous, etc. as the fish Anthropomorphos, remora, piscis goensis, oxototl, pusta, michipillin, ambiza, piscis mularis, piscis tauriformis, and amilotl. 5. Cetaceous, as the Whale, whirlpool, pustes, orca, dolphin, parpaise, cetaceous scolopender, sea-calf, and indian manati. 6. Exanguine aquaticks, which are either soft, as the Polypus, cuttle, loligo, and sea hare; or Crustate, and are either tailed; as the Lobster, astacus, or crevisse, shrimp, broad, gibbous, and little; or round, as the Crab, majus, grampel, hippeis, undulate, marmorate, fluviatile, little, and cancellus; Of Brasil, Guaja apara, guaia miri, carara una, cunuru, ciecie eat, ciri apoa, nca una, guanhumi, aratu pinima, maracoani, potiquiquiya, tamaru guacu, paranacare, guaricuru: or testaceous, and are, turbinate, which are either involute, as the Nautilus, purple, buccinum, murex, marmorecus, triangularie, white, purple orthocentros, coracoides, aporrhais; and conchylium; or orbicular, as the Welke, trochi, nerita, cochlea, sea urchin, spatagus, brissus, echinometra: or conchylious and bivalve, as the Chama, oyster, pectens, muscles, tellinae, balani, pholades, solen, nakre; or univalve, as the Lepas, and concha venerea: as for Zoophytes, or plant-animalls, they are, Vrticae marinae, pulmo marinus, holothuria, tethyia, mentula marina, malum granatum, fungus marinus, penna marina, uva marina, cucumber marinus, malum insanum, and manus marina.  
FOUR Serpents, which are. 1. The vulgar and lesser, & are either terrestrial, or living upon the land, as the Viper, ammodyte, horned serpent, hemorrhe, sepedon, aspe, dipsas, scytal, double head, slowworm, mylet, dart, dryine, elaps, and snake; the exotic, and chiefly the Indian, are Boicininga, ibiboboca, boigvacu, boitiapo, iraraca, caninana, apochycoatl, alatus, bojobi, tetrauchcoatl, tleoa, cumcoatl, trinhutili: or aquatic living in the water, as the Water snake, torquate and rubetarie; boas, hydrus, sea scolopender, accatl, and boquatrara. 2. Dragons, and are not o'late, or not having wings, either without legs also, as the Basilisk, draco pythius, serpents bambae and senegae, or not o'late with legs, as the Hydra, & bononian dragon; or o'late, as the winged dragon.  
V Infects, which are. 1. Terrestrial with feet and wings, and are either anelytra, having no wing-covering, and have four wings, and these membranaceous, as Bees, drones, wasps, hornets, grasshoppers, blister-flies, cimexes, perlae; or farinaceous, as Butterflies, phalanae, great, middle, lest, great diurne, middle diurne, lest diurne, and silken; or having two wings, as Flies, aquatic, phryganides, macedonick, tigurine, aeschnae, luteous, fuscous, and water-spider; terrestrial, zoophagae, carnivorous, canine, equisugae, bucularum osores, ovisugae, serpentivorae, merdivorae, bombylivorae, humisugae, herbivorae, strutiopteros, erinopteros, chelidonios, seticaudae, unifeta, bipiles, tripiles, quadripiles; oxeflie, asylus, dayflie, and gnat: or coleoptera, having wing-cases; as Locusts, tenamazna. napaloa, gryllus, beetle, cornute platyceros, aigoceros, quici, bovicornis, nasicornis, ariecornis; not cornute, as the pilularie, melolonthes, purple, atrate, arboreous, fullo; scarabaeus, proscarabaeus, water-beetle, taurus volans, cantharides, burncow, ips, cucujus, glowworm, blatta, earwig, scorpion, pismire, and pediculi alati. 2. Terrestrial with feet, and without wings; and are such as are paucipedes, or have fewer feet, and these are sepedes, having six feet, as the Pismire, wall-louse, louse, reduvius, flea, nits, forbicine, talpa Ferrantis, sphondyle, staphylinus', and anthrenus; or octipedes, having eight feet, as the Scorpion, spiders, harmless, as the subdiale, & domestic, retiarie, & telarie; and various, longlegged black, white, red, nhamdui; or hurtful, as the phalangia, formicarie, venatorie, rhagia, stellate, ceruleous, sphecia, tetragnathia, cantharidea, ervestria, cranocalaptes, sclerocephala, scolecia, lanuginous, and lentiginous, or tarantulae & tunga; or having 12 or 14 feet, as Caterpillars, smooth, as the green, ligustrine, sambucine, lactucarie, mespilarie, quercine; yellow, vinula, fuscous; various; or hirsute and rough, with much hair, as the pity ocampes, ambulones, corylarie, polymidae, neustriae, tuberculous, mesoleucae, urticarie, brassicarie, and sepiarie; or with less hair, as the Geranivora, jacobaea, antennula, echinus, rubicola, & cornute; silkworm, & mire: or multipedes, having many feet, as the Cheselippe, pollin, coyayhoal, scolopender, and galley worm. 3. Terrestrial without feet, as Worms, plantarie, as the arborarie, ligniperdes, corticarie, syrones, and fructuarie, nopal ocuillin, axocuilin, cuchipilutl, deces, enxulon, thripes, termites', cossi, teredines; fruticarie, leguminarie, frumentarie, herbarie; or breeding in animals, with the litta, tarnia, meldera, cleri, humane, sinones, broad, sharp, ascarides, and monstrous; earthworme, and snail. 4. Aquatick, and are either pedate, having feet, and these are paucipedes, having few feet, as the Squilla, locust, scorpion, notonecta, cicada fluv, anthrenus, forficula, newt, corculus, aquatick fly, cantharides, beetle, water spider, attelabus arachnoides, ligniperda aquatica; or multipedes, having many feet, as the Tinea, sea flea, sea louse, aquatic asilus, sea scolopender and cadices: or apodes, and without feet, as the Leech, stellae, cartilagineous, testaceous, smooth, pectinate, echinate, arborescent, & solar, hippocampus, & uva marina: These are the general differences of irrational animals.  
There is further considerable. 1. Amongst Quadrupeds, that those that bring forth animals have hairs, and the oviperous have shells: horses have most hair upon the mane, lions upon their shoulders, coneys upon the corners of the mouth and legs, and the hare is most villous; in all, they grow thick in old age, and grey in the horse; hogs and porcupines have bristles, the sheep is covered with wool, and the goat is bearded. The skin, in the sea horse is so thick, that spears may be made thereof; and in the elephant and rhinoceros, it is almost impenetrable. The horns, in the stag are ramous, simple in the spitter, palmate in others, ramous and little in roes, not sheeding, turning round in rams, dangerous in bulls, bending backwards in the rock-goat, adverse in the damae, erect contort and sharp in the strepsiceros, the Phrygian have movable horns, the Troglodyte direct to the earth; also some have robust for butting, others for wounding, some aduncate, others reduucate, others for tossing are supine, converse or connext: and all are mucronate. The ears, are movable, and all have them, at least all that bring forth animals, and some have great ears, others have little; they are divided as it were in the hart, and pilous in the rat; in horses, and labouring beasts they show their spirits, being emarcid in those that are weary, micant in the fearful, somewhat erect in the furious, and loosed in the sick. The mouth, is large in the lion, and dog, and as it were rend, in those that live by hunting, and mean in swine. The trunk, is only in the elephant. The jaws, are long in working cattle, and round in apes. The neck is stiff in the lion, wolf and hyen. The duggs are two, in those that have two young ones, and solid hooves, and those betwixt the thighs, so in bisulcs and those that are cornigerous: cows have four teats, and sheep and goats two those that have a numerous breed, & are digitate, have more along the belly, in a double order, as swine; the best 12, the vulgar 10, so bitches: some have 4 in the middle of the belly, as panthers: others two, as lionesses, the elephant hath two under the shoulder: none have them between the thighs, that have toes. The toes, of those that live by prey, are five in the forefeet, and four in the rest; but lions, wolves, dogs, and a few others, have five in the other also, one hanging down near the joint of the leg; the rest, which are less, have five. The nails are in all that have toes; but the ape's are imbricate, those of the rapacious aduncate: in others they are strait; as in dogs, except that which for the most part depends on the leg. The hooses, are solid in those, that are not cornigerous: and those that are horned, are commonly bisulks, the jllyrick swine in some places have solid, and they are renewed only in the veterine. The tail is in all, except apes, and in those that have eggs according to the body: they are bareish in those that are rough, as boars; little in the shagged, as bears setose in those that are longish, as horses; and being cut off, they grow again in lizards, it's very long in kine, and rough at the bottom, in horses the dock is shorter than in asses, but setose in the veterine; in the lion it's like the cowe's at the bottom, etc. but not so in panthers: it's bushey in foxes and wolves, as also in sheep. Also in the internal parts, there is a diversity. The teeth, are exerted in the boar, serrate in the dog and lion; contiguous in the horse and cow, the foremost acute, and the interior plain. The cornigerous have but one row: they are exert in none, in which they are serrate they are not exert or serrate in any that are horned: but concavous in all, & solid in the rest, and in the ape as in man; in those that are ruminant, the lion and the dog, they are changed in swine they never fall out. The tongue, in crocodiles, doth all adhere: in lions and cats, it's of an imbricate asperity, and like a file: and broad chiefly in the elephant. The ribs, are 10 in swine, and 13 in those that are horned. The heart, in all, is in the middle of the breast; in that of horses, kine, and stags, there are bones. it's greatest in proportion, in mice, hares, asses, stags, hyaena's, and all that are malefick by reason of fear. The lungs, in the tortise are without blood: and greatest in proportion in the chamaeleon, and nothing else within. The belly, in solipedes is rough and hard: in others that are terrestrial, of a denticulate asperity, and in some mordaceous cancellate. The spleen, is round in bisulks, and those that are cornigerous: prolix in the multifid; & very long in solipedes. The reins are in all that generate animals; & only in the tortise amongst the oviperous. The bladder, is in none of the oviparous, except the tortise: and in none that want sanguineous lungs, or feet. The fat, is often in the horned, having teeth in one part, and huckle bones in the feet, these have tallow; bisulks, or the cloven footed, and without horns, grow fat, and this when cold is fragile, and ever in the extremity of the flesh; but the fat between the flesh and the skin, is succulent and liquid: some grow not fat: but all those that are more sterile, are fat. The marrow, is red in the young, and whitish in the old: it's only in hollow bones, and not the legs of labouring beasts, and dogs: it's fat in those that are fat, and sevous in the cornigerous: bars have none, & the lions little in their thigh bones & fore legs. As for the place, for the most part it's the land; but some live in the water, as the crocodile, sea-horse, beaver, and sea tortise; some in denns, others in trees; some in a hot climate, others in a cold; and in Africa, there are no boars, stags, nor goats. The diet also is not alike, cows, stags, horses and swine, feeding upon herbs and fruits; sheep, low, goats high, upon bows and sprouts; wolves, lions, and dogs upon flesh; the beaver, and cat, delighting in fishes; and the chameleon in flies; some chew the cud, others not, the ape and monkey eat any thing, and the bear is said to lie hid in winter, and to live by sucking the moisture, which is then in their swollen forefeet. The generation is divers also, but most generate in autumn, summer or spring, and bears and bulls with ferocity, but dogs without it: for the most part, they bring forth live young ones, but the tortise crocodile and lizard have eggs, and cows have their young only in the right sinus of the womb. The gestation is various also, the wolf goeth a month or forty days, the bitch nine weeks: the sow 4 months, the goat 5. sheep 6, cow 10, and mare 11. The number of their young differeth likewise, the mule is said never to breed, the wolf but once, & the hare is often troubled with superfetation. The bigness is differing, solipeds and bisulcs usually being greater than the digitate. And the magnitude differs according to the place. torteises being of an hundred pound weight in Taprobana, and lizards 8 cubits long in Aethiopia. The life, in some is short, in others long. hares and cats live seven years; rams and goats seldom above ten; hog's twenty, and dogs sometimes; the exe seldom above 16, horses 35, mares till 40 or 50, or as Pliny, till 70 or upwards; the mule 80, & stags an 100 The sight is most acute in the lynx and dorcas; hyaenas and cats see in the night; moles, very little or not at all. The hearing is most exact in the hare. The smell is best in the dog, and so weak in swine that they are not offended with dung. The taste is exactest in the ape. The inward senses are very dull in the bugill, which having hid his head, thinks the whole body covered: others are more subtle; apes are full of imitation: the fox tries the thickness of the ice he is to pass over, by laying his ear to it: dogs remember the ways best, and are not excelled by any but only man: stags hearing the dog's bark, run down the wind, that their scent may not betray them: and most beasts know what remedies are best for their diseases: the panther seeks man's dung, the tortise strengthens himself against serpents, by eating the herb called cunila, and the weasel useth rue. The love of apes is such towards their young, that they often kill them by hugging them. The lust of swine is such, that then they will wound such as stand in their way, the bull is most impetuous, but the camel engenders only in the covert. The motion also, is differing; some being swift, others slow, and the hare swiftest, the elk will go as fare in one day as the horse in three, but the ass is exceeding slow. The voice in horses is called neighing, lowing in bulls, braying in asses, grunting in swine, roaring in lions, howling in wolf's, barking in dogs, yelping in foxes, and croaking in frogs, etc. The use likewise is various, those that are hairy yielding milk, others flesh; some, garments: and that of the dog, cat, and horse etc. is known, and the use of their several parts follow.  
2. Amongst Birds. The neck and parts towards the earth, are common with those of other animals: and wings, feathers and bill are proper; but they want lips, teeth, auricles, and nostrils, yet have little holes instead thereof. The eyes, are as those of other creatures, two in number, but without lids; but they wink, a membrane passing from the angle. The thigh is like the hip, long, reaching to the middle of the belly, fixed to it. The hip is large in those that have crooked claws, and the breast is stronger than in others. The tail is supplied by a rump, it's short in those that have long legs, or whole feet, but long in others. They bend the wings forewards. The legs are two, as in man, but they bend them backwards as quadrupedes, they are long in those that have claws, and live in the water: yet the manucodiats want them: they all have divers claws, and in some measure divided; those which fly high have all four toes, three in the forepart, and one backwards, in stead of a heel; a few have two forewards, and so backwards, and some have spurs, but not the crooked clawed. The comb, is in the cock, yet some have feathers instead thereof. The inward parts are differing also. The tongue is found in all, in some long, in others broad, which may be taught to counterfeit speaking; in some it is hard and sharp like horn, and fleshy backwards. The throat stopper is in none, yet they temper the motion so, that nothing may fall into the throat. The bowels are divers, in some the craw lying before the stomach. The ventricle in very many is carnose and compact, having a very strong skin within. The craw being wanting, the gullet is broad and large where it's joined to the ventricle, as in jackdaws, crows, and quails; and those that want it, have a long one, and their excrements are more liquid, as the porphyrio. The intestine in some is small, and single. The appendices are explicate, but few, and not above, as in fishes, but in the lower part, at the extremities of the intestines. The gall in some is in the belly, in others in the intestines, as in the swallow, and pigeon, etc. The testicles, are joined to the reins, and in some are little and obscure, and in the time of coiture they are greater. The sperm is white. The bladder is wanting, a great quantity of humidity being required to the nourishment of feathers. The place, is the air, water, or earth, & some abide not in the some region, the swallow tarrying but half a year, the thrush and turtle three months, others depart after breeding, as houps, and some live in hidden places. The meat, is flesh, infects, herbs, grains, seeds, fishes and frogs: of these, some drink by sucking, as those that have long necks, with intermission, and resupination of the head and the porphyrio by biting. The generation is by the lying down of the female, as in hens; or standing, in crane's: in some at any time, as in hens: and they breed at any time, except in the two brum all months of winter; but for the most part in the beginning of Spring, and Summer, when also they breed, and commonly but once: they all lay Eggs, except the bat, which bringeth forth young ones. Those that have aduncat claws are infecund, and their prey more fruitful: of their eggs, some are white, as those of hens and partridges: others, pale, as of the aquatic; others spotted, as the turkies; some red, as the pheasant's; and within they are all of two colours; the young when hatched, pass out by the roundest part, the shell being soft, but presently waxing hard: the time of sitting and number hatched is various, sometimes only the hen sitteth, sometimes only the male: amongst pigeons the cock in the day, and hen in the night: amongst ringdoves, the hen from noon till morning, and the cock the rest; after coiture they quiver, and stretch, themselves; amongst these there is sympathy; and antipathy, as betwixt the swan and eagle, crow and kite, and so as to beasts. The motion, is various, some walking, as crows, sparrows and blackbirds leaping, partridges and woodcocks running, storks and crane's throwing their legs forewards, kites stretching their wings, and seldom shaking them; others, oftener, but only their feathers, the crow stretching the whole side, hickways for the most part close, linnets moving the wings once or twice, swallows flying high, low, directly, partridges low, larks high & falling, quails leaping, duck's upright at first & high; vultures and those of heavy bodies, flying from some high place, and being ruled by the tail; some looking about, others bending the neck many making a noise when they fly, others being silent, some flying straightish, others prone, obliquely, sidewise; and others resupinate; those that have long legs fly holding them backwards; if short, they hold them contracted: those that have crooked claws usually fly high, except the nocturnal. The voice is most frequent in those that are small, and chiefly when about generation, some make a noise in fight, as quails; others before it, sc. partridges, and cocks, after it; and amongst some, the cocks have one note and the hen another. some sing all the year, others at certain times: the noise in ringdoves is the same in all, the bird taurus imitates the lowing of cattle, and anthus the neighing of horses. The life, is various amongst them, the male sparrow not living much above one year, pigeons and turtles eight, & quails & crows many. Their disease, is known by their feathers, and they are subject unto many. Their divination is known, crane's foretelling fair weather by their silence, and tempests by their noise; so herons, crying at break of day, fair weather is expected when the owl hooteth at night, the crow and quail making a noise in the evening portend foul weather, and swallows flying up and down about waters. Their use, is for meat, medicine, and sport etc. and their flesh is light, wholesome, and well digested. Their difference, is according to their parts, so some have strait bills, some crooked; some long legs, others short; some have toes, others whole feet, others without: some are cristate or horned, others not: some have long necks, as crane's, others short: their wings usually are proportionable, except in the dodo which is covered with down, and for the most part all have tails: they are great or little, terrestrial, marine, lakish, fennish, domestic, wild, feelden, or solitary; their colours are divers, so their meat, and frequency of generation. The voice in nightingales is called singing, croaking in crows, calling in partridges, gagleing in geese, groaning in pigeons and turtles, crowing in cocks, chackling and clucking in hens, crunkling in crane's, quacking in ducks, cherping in sparrows, chattering in pies, and hooting in owls, etc.  
3. Amongst Fishes, The Cartilagineous, are plain or long: the lesser of them are above a cubit in length, and their spin is cartilagineous, their gills are detect, their fins are double, and five on each side, they have eggs all like birds; their place is various. The heart is pentagonous, and gall placed in the liver in the galeus. The womb hath sinus, and those placed under the septum of the midriff, as birds. Some have their mouth upwards, or in the extreme, and cannot take the prey, without resupination. They live in the deep sea, and when they bring forth, they go to the fords & shores. Their meat is fishes. Some of them generate aversly; the plain that have tails, copulate being supine upon the backs of the females, and they have eggs in the superior part: and hate the forkfish. The Ray hath a long and rough tail, the eye is covered with a nebula: the genital is like that of the sea-calse. Their place is in dirty places not fare from the shore. They generate by the conjunction of their supine parts, and beget eggs, and bring forth animals. The Psettaceous, or plain and spinose, have a spin that seemeth to be divided in the midst. Their fins are four, two in the prone part, two in the supine, & circumvallate round. Their gills are four, on each side. The tongue is wanting. The eyes are in the supine part of their heads. Their jaws are rugous and rough, and serve instead of teeth. Their Throat is somewhat like a craw, and contiguous to the ventricle. Their mouth is little in respect of their bodies. The heart is gibbous in one part thereof. The liver is broad, and embraceth the ventricle. The gall is in the extreme part thereof. The spleen is black; situated under the ventricle, which is broad. Their place is the sea, and muddy rivers. Their meat is of crustats and shell-fish. They breed once in a year: & they swim transeversly. They take their prey, by hiding themselves in the mud and putting out their virgulae, and so alluring the small fishes, coming to them as weeds. The Cetaceous, have lungs, artery and neck, and other members common with the terrene quadrupedes. Their skin is extraordinary thick. Their lungs serve to cool their great heat: therefore they want gills; but have fistules. Their mouth is downwards, that the fishes might escape, when they are resupinated. The teeth are wanting in some, others are toothed, having them broad forewards, and sharp backwards. The teats in the female yield much milk. Their fat increaseth much, they eating fishes, and moving slowly. The internal parts, under the peritonaeum, which are made for nutrition and generation, are more like those of terrestrial quadrupeds, than of fishes: for the epiploon is less fat in them, the ventricle is great. The pancreas is joined to the fundus thereof, and it passeth to the intestines, which have many wind. The mesentery is joined to the vertebrae, having black glandules, veins and arteries interwoven. The reins are situated betwixt the liver and testicles. The urine is percolated through the ureters into the bladder, which is like that of terrestrial animals, and in the inferior part of the belly, and it is retained by the sphincter. To the urachus the umbilical arteries are joined. The testicles are on each side, longish, having preparant vessels, sc. many ramuli of veins and arteries arising from the great vein, which after many turn are inserted into the epididymis. The genital is in the urinary passage, consisting of a hollow nerve, the end of which hangeth out, terminating in a slender glans; and within its replicate, and hath its veins, nerves and arteries. The thorax consisteth of true and small ribs, a sternon, vertebra's and muscles. The lungs fill the capacity of the same, and are of a thicker substance than in terrestrial animals, in thickness and colour resembling the liver of quadrupedes, and are divided into two parts. The heart is on each side embraced thereby, being included in the pericard, and placed in the middle of the thorax, like that of the hog: also they have the rough artery, oesophagus, muscles, etc. as in the terrestrial animals, the clavicle excepted. The head is articulated with the vertebrae. The brain is divided forewards and backwards, thence conjugations of nerves arise, the choroid plexus, rete mirabile, and two meanings. The womb in the females hath a neck of one hand in length, and then it's divided into two rami, as in terrene quadrupedes, their testicles are placed at the horns of the womb, and the pudend is betwixt the navel, and anus. Their magnitude is various. Their place is the sea only, yet not in all, and in the deep; they are seen chiefly about the solstices, and are at other times in the bottom of the water. Their meat is fish, and chiefly herrings, which sometimes they so greedily follow, that they cast themselves upon the shore. They generate within themselves, and bring forth young, which when young follow the dam. Their motion is slow, by reason of their largeness. Their sight and hearing is dull: some say they use a little fish for their guide, they love the smell of pitch, insomuch that they rub themselves against the sides of ships: & they are driven away by noise. The Mollusca, or soft, having neither a rough or testaceous skin, nor scales: they have a middle nature betwixt flesh and nerves. Their head is betwixt the feet and belly, in the mouth are two teeth, instead of a tongue they have a certain carnose substance in the mouth, by which they taste. Their eyes are two, and large. Their feet are in the forepart, about the head, bending about the eyes: some have acetabula, and two long trunks, which they use as anchors in storms. They have a fistule above the head before the alveus which they move about, they have a little fin compassing in their alveus, by which they swim and direct themselves therein. To the head is joined a venture of large capacity, the flesh of which is orbicularly fissile. They have capillamenta in the side, serving in stead of gills. The throat is narrow, after which is a receptacle, to which the belly is joined; the intestine is slender, which tendeth towards the upper parts. The bladder is wanting. They have a black humour serving in stead of blood. Their place is in salt waters. Their meat is flesh. Their womb is bifid, and they have two testicles near the genital. The male hath the prone parts of the body more black than the supine, and all parts more rough than the female, various by intervening lines, and the tail sharper. They copulate long, and the females have eggs, at first undivided, afterwards separated, and then increase, after they have received a vital strength from the sperm of the male shed thereon, and that after the manner of worms. The Crustates are in a mean betwixt the testaceous and soft. They want bones. They have a head, capacity, throat, and belly, common with other animals without blood. The belly is little in respect of their bulk, and the intestine single, to the passage of excrements. They have two foreteeth in the mouth, and three in the ventricle, one on each side, and the third below: betwixt those in the mouth, is a carnose part, serving in stead of a tongue. above the mouth are the eyes, which are hard in all, fit to move inwards, outwards, obliquely, and swiftly, therefore they want eyeleds. Their head is little, with horns and appendices, with which they fight, and feel their way. Their feet are eight, and move obliquely. They have two claws, which they use instead of hands, of which the right is biggest and strongest usually. Their flesh is reddish like blood, and in the belly is a kind of palish humour. Their place is about the mouths of rivers, stony and dirty places. Their meat is little stones, reites, mud, and excrements, and flesh also. Their coiture, is as theirs that piss aversely, in the spring time, and long, being without blood, and cold: the female bringeth forth a reddish egg, compassed in with a very thin membrane, sticking to the belly and sides, which afterwards increaseth: the male is biggest and thickest, and the first foot is single, and tail narrower. Their age is long, yet none of them breath, but they are refrigerated by casting out water with their fistula. Their sight is dull, but smell and taste well, they sleep like other aquatiles, they are without voice, go obliquely, and swim only with the tail. they lie hid in the winter, and are fat in spring and autumn. they fight with the horns, and cast their shells after breeding. The Squillae have a tail, but no forceps. The body is blackish in spring, but whitish after. Their horns are sharp and in the top of the head. The intestine is terminated in the tail, as in crevisses, by which they evacuate excrements, and bring forth eggs: they live in marine, fennish or stony places: their meat is oysters, & reites. The male is known by two white particles in the flesh of the breast, and the female hath eggs annexed to the belly: they copulate like quadrupedes that piss backwards, in the spring time, near the earth. They are enemies to the pike, whom they wound by their horns. The round crustates, sc. the Cancri, have movable eyes, an indiscrete head, without a brain, yet having a part serving in stead thereof. The tail is turning: they look obliquely, and go so, having ten feet with claws, the right of which is biggest, and in the foremost, the superior part is movable and the inferior not. they have two teeth inwards, betwixt which, is a caruncle like a tongue: to the mouth, the stomach is joined which is little. They live in rockey places, open in the winter, and hidden in the summer. Their meat is shell-fish, they draw the water into the mouth and so pass it out again. They copulate in the forepart, by joining their opercula, in which also they bring forth eggs: also the female hath the first foot double, and the male single; these only amongst crustates swim not, but go, and that sidewise. They are very crafty, and in danger hid themselves in the mud, or amongst stones: they fight like rams with their horns: they feed on shelfishes by casting in a stone, when they open themselves; they lie hid five months, and in the beginning of spring cast their shell, like serpents, under which is a soft shell, so that they can hardly move. The Testaceous are without blood, their shell within is smooth. Their flesh increaseth in the increase of the moon, which is contained by the shell which is terrene, and preserveth their little heat, and they cast it not. They have teeth, and somewhat proportionable to a tongue. Their head is downwards. The stomach is joined presently to the mouth, and is little; after which is the belly, in which also there is a papaver, from which passeth a single intestine. They are nourished like plants, by pores, and that by a sweet humour. Their motion is adverse. They differ in the hardness of the shells, the holothuria, pulmones, and echini having softer, than the purple and buccina; some are covered on every side, as oysters, cocks, and tellinae; others have but one valve, the other side sticking to rocks; the chamae, and solenes, are uncovered in the extremes, so that they put forth the head, and hinder parts: of those that are covered on every side, some are turbinate, as the purple, and buccinum; others not, as the conchae; some have one shell as the lepas; others two, as mussels; of the shells, some are smooth, as of the ungues, and mussels, others rough, as of the purple, buccina, and oysters. their place is the sea, and they lie hid in great heat and cold. Their generation is spontaneous, of spumous faeces. Their sense is denied by some, though others grant it, and they have an antipathy against thunder. The Turbinate have a torcular shell, out of the midst whereof cometh the head with two horns: some of them have small teeth; some have a proboscis like flies, and it's hard in the purple and buccina. near to the mouth is a venture, like the craw of birds, after which is the gula, to which the intestine is joined, which is single, and reciprocating towards the head, about which the excrement is evacuated in all turbinates terrene or marine. they grow like worms their motion is as in the former. The turbines, are great, eared, tuberous, angulous, muricate, or pentedactyls, and they are orbicularly turned, etc.  
4. Amongst Serpents. The head is light in some, heavy in others, broad, narrow, white, black, yellow, or spotted, and some turn them so quick, that they seem to have two heads. Their cares are not protuberant, but hollow. Their eyes are hardish. Their upper eyelid moveth not, but they wink with the lower. The neck is wanting. Their slough is in stead of a skin. The tail is various. As for their inward parts, their head is covered with one bone. The teeth are serrate & sharp, and two are long in the upper part, perforate, by which they ejaculate their poison. The tongue is thin, long, black, bifid in the end, and sharp, under it is a cuticle, which like a vesicle covereth the teeth, in which is poison, which is shed forth by the holes of the teeth in biting. The heart is little, long, and represents the figure of the reins, and is very hot. The artery is very long, and seemeth to be under the tongue, and after it's carried to the lungs, by which they differ from fishes; their lungs are single, fibrous, divided by pipes, very long and fungous. The epiglottis is wanting, but they contract and dilate the passage at their pleasure. The ventricle is as it were a great intestine, like that of a dog, sc. angust, and of a long figure. The intestine is small and long, reaching to the vent. The liver is long and single. The spleen is little, and round. The gall in all, except the watersnake, sticketh to the intestines, and is full of a certain black and liquid exerement. The bladder and reins are wanting: as also the genital, they not having legs, and testicles, the body being long; but they have two meatus, like fishes, arising from the septum, passing on both sides the spin, which in the time of congress yield a white sperm. They want duggs, not having milk. The womb is bifid and long, in which eggs are begotten, and pass thence in a certain continuous series. Their bones are like those of fishes. Their vertebrae are cartilagineous & flexile, & there are as many ribs in snakes as days in a month; also in respect of the heart, lungs, and rough artery, serpents are like birds; and in the liver, intestines, and abdomen, like fishes; but differ from both, in respect of the gall and disposition of the eggs. Their place is Ophiusa, Melitaea, Thessalia, Apulia. Arabia, Numidia, Aethiopia, Africa, and the Indies. Their meat is earth, and oniscs, and they live long without meat, & when they devour any great bait, they contract themselves; when they swallow birds, they vomit up the bones and feathers: they delight in wine, milk, water and yolks of eggs, which they get, by twisting themselves about them: as for their temper, some are cold, and others hot. They are generated of the putrefaction of the earth, of the blood of certain birds, and of the marrow of man's back: they generate by conjunction, so, that they seem but one serpent having two heads, they lay eggs and hatch them, hanging together like a bracelet; but some of them bring forth animals. Their voice is hissing. Their motion is creeping, and their ribs serve them as legs. Their enmity is against men, eagles, peacocks, storks, hawks, vulture, swallows, cocks and hens, elephants, leopards, stags, swine, rats, tortise; ichneumon, chameleon, crabs, & spiders; the ash, oak, betony, garlic, rue, wormwood, mugwort, southernwood, herb frankincense, nep, elecampane, and fire. They love one an other, eels, foxes, cats, ivy, fennel, and savin. As for their nature and manners, they have their poison in the tail, which they bring to a little bladder near the mouth; which, after the former is evacuated, is again filled with more, in the space of a natural day. in the four coldest months they lie hid, and eat nothing, and their poison then is so weak, that they may then be handled without danger: at the rising of the dog star they are so furious that they cannot rest. in the spring when they come out of their holes, they cast their slough, beginning at the head. they live long, eating but little. they sleep with their eyes open: in danger they chiefly defend their heads; exposing their bodies to wounds, which are soon healed again. if they are struck, they strive as much as possible to wound their enemies. their poison is under their tongue, and there are as many kinds thereof, as species of serpents: of these, the males, old, great, and fasting are most pernicious, and all in summer, more than in winter. As for their differences, the female is less than the male, and some grow to be above an hundred foot long. As for their colour, some are spotted, some streaked, some of the colour of brass, gold, silver, red, and green; as to their place, some are aquatic, others terrestrial, some live in mountains, others in plains, some amongst oaks, others about beech's, and hasels: in respect of smell, some are sweet, like musk. in Hispaniola some are harmless, Some have great eyes, some little; and others, of a bloody colour. some have narrow mouths, others very large, some have combs, others have horns, or wings, and are monstrous.  
5. Amongst Infects, the horns are in some, others are without them. The eyes are open in all, and hard, and movable, The eyelids are wanting, and cheeks also. The tongue in some is soft and weak, but hard and strong in all such as have no sting in the tail. The teeth are wanting in such as use moist meat. The covering is of a middle nature, betwixt skin and crust, and dry, and they seem to have no nerves, bones, spin, cartilages, fat, or flesh, but have parts of a middle nature betwixt all these. The wings are in some, others are without them. The tail is only in the scorpion. The case is usually cast by such as have wing cases. The legs are moved obliquely in those that have them: and in some, the foremost longest are bended forewards; but those that leap, or have the hindmost feet longest, are bended backward, and nature hath given some longest feet forewards, that thereby, wanting good sight, they might remove what might trouble them: also those have most, which by reason of the length of their bodies are most cold; and the wild fewer, in some their want of feet is recompensed by the help of wings. Their generation is partly spontaneous, partly by coiture. ●gnats and little worms do neither copulate, nor are bred of animals. few of the males in coiture insert into the female; but the females have a long genital, by which they attract the generative spirit from the male. those that generate without coiture, engender worms, and those that are spontaneous. the coiture of the rest is long, and they part slowly. whether they emit sperm or not is uncertain, their generation is perfected for the most part in three or four septenaries, as in oviperous creatures, seven days after coiture there is a concretion and consummation of the eggs, in the other three septenaries they cherish and hatch them, sc. those which procreate with their foetus, as spiders. Their motion, is creeping, walking, & flying, etc. they all move with more kinds of motion than the sanguine animals. Their breathing is not acknowledged by divers, who acknowledge only perfrigeration; but they want lungs, and not refrigeration, they being of a cold temper. the noise that bees and flies make, is occasioned by the agitation of the interior spirits. those that seem to sing, make a noise by the membrane under the septum transversum, against which the included spirit is moved. Many of them are exanimated under the water, and recovered in ashes, not because they cannot inspire; but by reason that, that interior spirit was suffocated by the humour, which being discussed by the heat, it's again restored to itself. Their smelling is performed by their native spirit. Their sound is by the attrition of the interior pellicle, locusts make a noise by rubbing themselves with their gubernacula; that of the bee is humming, but it's shrill in the grasshopper. The life is more tenacious in them, than in the sanguineous, chiefly in those that have long bodies and many feet, as in the palmerworm, by reason of the multiplicating part of their original, yet they are easily killed by pouring oil on them, its viscosity stopping the narrow passages, and so intercepting the spirits. They differ according to place, the fier-flie living in the fire, rough-wormes in the snow, scolopenders in the sea waters, water-beetles and leeches in sweet waters, worms in the earth, wood-worms in the roots of trees, the cerastes in the sig-tree, red and hairy worms in the service-tree, the butyri in vines, and ipes, and the vinefretter in the leaves thereof, maggots in the cypress, caterpillars on leaves, pras●curid●s in leeks, crambides in cabbages, punies in mallows, weevills in wheat, the mida in beans, nits and lice in beasts, tikes in sheep, breeze in cows, or horseflies, the scolichia in the mullet, others in the carp, perch, gudgeon, and dace; the clerus in bee-hives, & moths in garments. The colour in some is the same, in others various. As for quantity and figure; some are little, others great, round, ovale, angulous, smooth, or rough, etc. some are winged, others not; others change their form, as caterpillars, which turn into butterflies. Some have wing-cases, as beetles, and cantharides etc. others have their wings always open, as flies, bees, etc. Some have two wings; others four, sc. those that have stings in their bellies; if in their mouths, two, The wings pulled off, grow again in none of them, and those that have crusts over their wings are without stings. Some have wings not divided, as bees, and wasps, and in butterflies they are mealy: as for the legs, worms are without them, others have many, and most have not fewer than six. The tongue in some is soft and weak, in others hard and strong, as oxe-flies, and it is in all that have not a sting in the belly. very many have teeth; but not those that live on moist things, some have a sting in their mouth, & is instead of a tongue & lips; others in the belly; also they are terrestrial or aquatic, with or without feet, etc. Also amongst the aforesaid living creatures, some are Solar, sc. those that are generous, and lively, as the bull, goat, horse, lion, and ram. Amongst Birds; the eagle, cock, crow, swan, and vulture. Of Infects; the pilularie beetle and spanish flies: the contrary, are such as are Lunar, Saturnine, and Marshal, etc. The Lunar, are the Cat, beaver, dog, goat, hart, otter, and menstrual blood. Of Birds; the Duck, goose, heron, and merguli, etc. Of Fishes; the carp, crab, gilt-head, frog, cister, perch, and cockle. Of Infects, Spiders, &c: the contrary are such as are Solar and Martial. The Saturnine, are the solitary, nocturnal and sad: as the Ass, camel, cat, ape, hare, mule, mouse, mole, bear, toad, and wolf. Of Birds, the Bat, crow, crane, hoop, ostrich, owl, and peacock, and Serpents. Of Infects, Flies, scorpions, pismires, and worms: the contrary, are all but the Martial. The Jovial, are the Hart, bull, elephant, lamb, and sheep. Of Birds, the Hen, eagle, partridge, pheasant, pigeon, stork, and swallow: the contrary are the Marshal. The Marshal, are those that are quarrelsome, impetuous, powerful, bilious, & rapacious; as the Dog, goat, kid, fox, mule, purdal, & wolf. Of Birds, the Crow, chough, eagle, hawk, falcon, kite, owl, and vulture. Of Fishes, the Doggefish, jack, perch, and fork fish: the contrary are all, except the Venereal. The Venereal, are the delicious, lascivious, mild, kind, pleasant, and tame; as the Calf, coney, dog, goat, and scinck. Of Birds, the Crow, cock, eagle, pigeon, peacock, partridge, pie, swallow, swan, turtle, and wagtail: the contrary are the Saturnine. The Mercurial, are those that are ingenious, crafty, sagacious, fawning, and loquacious; as the Dog, ape, hare, hart, mule, fox, and weasel. Of Birds, the Bat, colemouse, blackbird, goldfinch, lark, parrot, pie, nightingale, swallow, and thrush. Of Infects, the Beetle, be, kind, locust, and pismire: the contrary, are the Marshal and Saturnine. Of the influence of which Plants, See my Isagoge Phytologica, etc.  
Thus of the more general differences of Animals, in respect of parts, quantity, quality, place, meat, generation, motion, voice, life, sense, and actions, etc.  
Now follow their differences, as used in Meat, & Medicine, & they are as followeth. 1. Of Quadrupeds, or fourfooted beasts, those most used in diet are the tame, sc. the calf, ox, cow, bull, lamb, weather, ram, ewe, kid, goat, pig, sow, boar, and hog: amongst the wild; the wild boar and sow, red and fallow dear, roebuck and capreol, hare, conie, and squirrels, etc. of which, see more in their proper places. Of these, the Substance of some is thin and light, fit for fine complexions, idle and tender persons, and such as recover out of some great sickness, as rabbits, etc. others are more gross, tough and hard, agreeing chiefly with country persons and such as labour, and secondarily with those that are strong using much exercise, and accustomed to feed thereon, as the bull, and hog, etc. others are of a middle substance, and generally the best, and most proper aliment, engendering mean blood, agreeing almost with all ages, times, and complexions, neither binding the body or loosening it, neither strengthening nor weakening the stomach, neither procuring nor hindering urine or sweat, causing no alteration in the first qualities, neither over-nourishing or extenuating the body, but preserving it in such state as before, and restoring little more than is daily decayed; as the heifer, calf, sheep, lamb, kid, pig, and coney. As for the Temperature, some are hot; as the lamb, hog, pig, in the first degree; in the second, the hare, and roebuck: others are cold as the cow, steer, coney, rabbit, & young hedgehogs, in the first degree; some are moist, us the wild boar, etc. in the first degree, in the second, the hedgbuck, etc. in the third, young hogs, and pigs: others are dry; as the ox, dear, hare, and coney, in the second degree. In respect of Taste, some are sweet; which agree well with nature, being of a temperate heat, and so fittest for nourishment, they delight the stomach, and liver, fatten the body, increase natural heat, fill the veins, digest easily, soften that which is two hard, and thicken what is too liquid; but if over sweet and gluttish, they soon turn into choler, stop the liver, puff up the lungs, and spleen, swell the stomach, and often cause sharp fevers: the bitter, if exceeding, do not much nourish, except first boiled or infused in many waters, they otherwise engendering choleric humours, and burning blood, they kill worms, open obstructions, cleanse the body, but nourish little or not at all, and that which is, is derived only to some special parts: those made sharp, dry the body exceedingly, hurt the eyes and liver, etc. drawing down humours, sending up vapours, inflaming the blood, fretting the guts, and extinuating the whole body; therefore they are to be tasted or fed upon, their sharpness being allayed with washing, infusion, oiling, and intermixture of sweet things: those made sour, though they naturally offend sinewey parts weaken concoction, cool natural heat, make loan, and hasten old age; yet they are profitable in cutting phlegm, opening obstructions, cleansing impurities, bridling choler, resisting putrefaction, extinguishing superfluous heat, staying loathsomeness of stomach, and procuring appetite; but if made sour without sharpness, they strengthen the stomach, bind and corroborated the liver, stay fluxes, heal ulcers, and give indifferent nourishment to them that eat them: if made salt, as such, they nourish little or nothing; but rather accidentally, in procuring appetite, strengthening the stomach, & giving it a touch of much heat; for if very salt, they engender choler, dry up natural moisture, inflame blood, stop the veins, gather together viscous and crude humours, harden the stone, cause sharpness of urine, and leanness, sc. the accidental salt, not the natural, and inbred: the fat, if excessive, glut the stomach, decay appetite, cause belchings, loathing, vomitings, and scourings, choke the pores, digest hardly, and nourish little; so if two dry and lean, on the contrary, it's worse, and nourisheth less, but the mean is best: the insipid, are of weak nourishment, yet extraordinarily they nourish some, nourishment being according to the relish usually, and the unsavoury nourish less and not speedily: also what hath here been said of substance, and taste, agreeth also to birds, fishes, and other edibles. As for the age, the flesh of those that are young, especially if newly brought forth, is slimy, soft, moist, and excrementitious, especially when they are most moist by nature; yet it is sooner concocted, and makes the belly soluble: the flesh of those that are old, is hard, dry, nervous, hard of digestion, and of little and bad nourishment: wainelings, are less hard and dry than the one; and more firm, temperate, and nourishing than the other; but generally they are best for most complexions, when they are almost come to their full growth, both in height, length, and bigness, their temper being then best, and so most agreeable to our natural moisture, being in a mean: the same may be said of birds, as of beasts. In respect of sex, the flesh of the males, is more strong, dry, and heavy of digestion; the females sweeter, moister, and of more easy concoction; but the males are to be preferred, being hotter, drier, more laborious, and less excrementitious, when gelt, as appears, in oxen and weathers: when gelded they are more tender, sweet, and of an easier digestion, as appears in barrow hogs; they then being of a middle nature. As for their feeding, those that feed in moist and moorish places, have moist flesh, and full of superfluities; but those that feed on dry places and mountains, are without excrements, more easy of digestion, and fit to nourish: those that feed in good pastures, are sweeter and more nourishing; so those that feed upon sweet herbs; also the flesh of wild beasts is less excrementitious and drier, than that of the tame; so likewise of birds. And as to the preparation, beasts after they have been fatted with good food, as often as they desire it, in a clean and spacious place, and chased, then killed in their season; they either keep relinquish or alter their property by preparation; here therefore it's to be noted, that flashy meat and naturally moist, should be dressed with a dry heat, (as in baking, broiling, frying, and roasting,) and meats naturally exceeding in arynesse and firmness should ever be boiled; and the temperate may be used any way: if crude, it's eaten only by the barbarians: if roasted, it yields a dry aliment, and often retaineth the excrements: if adust, it's worse: if fried with external humidity, it's sweet, by reason of its fat humidity, but by reason it doth not conveniently emit its internal superfluity, but rather imbibeth more of the redundant external, it's hardly concocted, nidorulent, and torrifieth the blood: if seasoned with salt, and spices, it is yet drier: if boiled its dryer within, yet by reason of exterior humidity, it moisteneth and descendeth sooner; but roasted meat hath more of it's own proper and natural moisture, that of the boiled passing into the broth, and therefore it nourisheth less except eaten with the broth; yet boiled flesh is best for such as are yet growing, and so of a hot temper, as also for such as are sick of hot and dry diseases, and that in hot and dry countries, and seasons of the year; but roasted meats are best for those who are of a cold and moist temper, who are lose, and subject to cold and moist diseases: if stewed, being equally prepared, it generateth good, temperate, and permeable juice: if seasoned, it's according to the cookery. Note also that flesh engendereth better, purer, and more perfect blood, than fish, & for sound men is the best sustenance. As for the Parts of beasts. The musculous flesh is more hot by vivifick heat, than in birds, & therefore they grow larger: the head, is edible, sc. of the cow, calf, sow, boar, kid, & hare, etc. but of hard concoction, thick and viscous juice, yet of much nourishment: the tongue is lose, fungous, humid, and glutinous, therefore it yields not a solid, thick, or lasting aliment; yet in some it is most sweet, soft, of good juice, easy concoction, and good aliment; but the part exerted is harder; the tongues of calves, kids, lambs, hogs, and sheep, are of easy digestion, and breed laudable juice, neat's tongue is thicker, but more fit for nourishment and not dried: the ears, are cartilagineous, & nourish little, except eaten with the vieine parts: the eyes, of those that are young, separated from their skin, fat, balls, and humours, are of a tender and musculous flesh, which is very easy of digestion, especially the calves: the cheeks, if of young, sat, and carnose beasts, are of good juice, and those of calves most tender: the brain, is pituitous, of thick juice, hardly distributed, and concocted, causing nauseousness and vomiting, and helps against poison by its viscidity; those of calves, lambs, kids, and pigs, are to be eaten at the beginning of meals, the pigs are to be dressed at the fire being the moistest: the palate, which is commended in the cow, hath a certain membranous flesh, and is often used in pies: the snout, in hogs, is worse than the feet, but better than the head. The heart, is hard of concoction, and that of the hog causeth sadness, it nourisheth little; but if well concocted, the nourishment is not weak or bad. The lungs, are of a cold and moist temperament, pituitous juice, & of easy concoction and distribution, by reason of their rarity and levity, some say they cause inflation of the belly, they are of a frothy substance, & they are good for young men sick of hot agues; but bad for strong and labouring men, so light a meat not sufficiently nourishing them, but putrifying in the stomach; those of foxes are not wholesome, but rather medicine for sore lungs; they are softer than the heart, liver, kidneys, and spleens; but not inferior to the liver, as to nourishment. The liver, of all animals, is of thick juice, hardly concocted, & slowly penetrating; that of hogs is preferred, that of lambs and kids doth more easily pass along, and is of less thick juice; that of goats is said to cause epileptic convulsions, no less than the he goats; but the hogs with the fat, is commended; usually they cause obstructions. The spleen, drawing thick lutulent and melancholic blood, yields also a like nourishment; those that are reddish, as the hogs; being tinged with a less evil blood, are not of so bad juice; others are hardly concocted and distributed, & of an unpleasant taste. The reins, are of ill juice, an ungrateful sapour, & hard concoction; those of kids and calves, being neither hard or virous, are commended; others are of thick juice, betwixt flesh and kernels, always having a smack of that which passeth through them, and being two strong for most stomaches, after sucking. The testicles, being virous, especially after coiture, are hard, and not easily concocted, but those of hogs are preferred, and those of lambs are not discommended; those of boars help decayed bodies, and cause lust, so those of bucks, and stags. The womb, is of cold and crude juice, therefore hardly concocted and of little juice. The ventricle, what nourishment it yields, may easily be conjectured from its constitution, it is filmy, and therefore cold, hard, dry, and glutinous; it is of hard digestion, generates phlegm, begets obstructions, and is the cause of many diseases; soft and sedentary men must abstain from it, it being fit only for porters, ploughmen, and mariners. The guts, are of the same nature; but those of lambs, and kids, are of an easier substance and concoction; the other are fare harder than flesh, hardly concocted, of little nourishment, & unwholesome, causing itches, and leprosies, etc. The mesentery, if of a young calf and fat, is good with a little vinegar. The udders, of milch beasts, as kine, ewes, do●s, and shee-goats, are of laudable taste, and better than tripes, being of a more fleshy nature; the lean must be sod tender in fat broth, the fat may be sod alone; but each of them needs first a little corning with salt, being naturally of a phlegmatic and moist substance. The feet, and other extreme parts, of fourfooted beasts, consisting of membrans, ligaments, nerves, veins, arteries, and gristles, are cold, and dry, clammy, viscous, of little nourishment, and hard digestion, except of young and sucking animals, as of hogs, pigs, lambs, and calves; also a tender cow heel is counted restorative, and pigs pettitoes boiled in barley water for the aguish; the sodden feet of geese also were counted restorative. The kernels, are sweet, tender, and short, yielding a thick nourishment; and if the beast be sound, very good; and being well concocted in the stomach, they nourish as much as musculous flesh; not well digested, they breed phlegmatic and raw juice, sc. those of the breast; of the other, those that are soft generate phlegmatic blood, & the hard, that which is raw; the sweet breads of beasts, are best first roasted, then boiled, their superfluous moisture being so consumed. The fat, hinders appetite, gluts the stomach, hardly digesteth, turneth wholly to excrements, & decayeth the retentive powers, especially that of greater beasts; it relaxeth the stomach, causeth nauseousness, turns into choler in hot bodies, and is rather sauce for our meat than nourishment. The marrow, is the sweet of fat, as it were, secretly conveyed, into bones; sweet, unctuous, and pleasant of taste, nourishing such whose bodies are dry, and stomaches able to digest it: it may be sod usually with capons, cockerels, and hens, in a nourishing white broth; or pies may be made thereof; but it soon causeth surfeits: of all; that of the dear is counted by some to be easiest of digestion, next that of a young mutton, and that of beef the heaviest, that of a goat is offensive, and that of lambs or calves not good, being crude, bloody, and imperfect for want of age: the chine or pithmarrow, is much harder and drier, than the brain itself, especially towards the further end of the back; which dryness makes it less loathsome to the stomach, than brains are; and it strengtheneth that body, which is able to concoct it: some make candles therewith and yolks of new laid eggs, to restore nature, and recover the weakness of the loins caused by venery. The tripes, are fare harder in substance, than their flesh, long in concocting, nourishing little, and excrementitious, engendering filthy diseases. The skin of beasts, even of roasted pig is so fare from nourishing, that it can hardly be well digested of a strong stomach. This is the Use of the several parts of Quadrupedes: there are divers other things taken and made from them. As milk, which is the abundant part of blood, whited in the breasts of such creatures, as are ordained by nature to give suck; serving for the young, sick, or old; which, if crude, it's to be taken fresh, that it may not provoke flatulency, and it is not good presently after bringing forth, it may be corrected with a little salt or sugar; if boiled its less flatulent, but thicker, the serum being boiled away, and so is apt to obstruct the veins; if caseous, it nourisheth much, but is less wholesome; if butyrous, it's somewhat more viscous, more difficultly distributed, and causeth inflations; if serous, it nourisheth least, but presently passeth through the belly; if of lean beasts, it nourisheth little; if of fat, it causeth danger of a convulsion; if of black, it's better than that of white beasts; if milked after delivery, that which is most liquid and thin, is after more thickened; the best is that which is tepid, of equal substance, not quickly running off the nail if put thereon, light, not viscous, but sweet, without smell, white, somewhat shining, and taken from a sound beast of good feeding, that hath good dugs. The most usual are the woman's, which is the best; the cow's is thicker, fatter, more nutritive, obstructive and hardly concocted; the sheep, is worse and obstructeth more; the goats, is a little hotter, than the former, of a thinner substance, more nourishment, and sooner passeth away; the mares is very thin, hot, and detersive; the asses, is colder than the rest, thinner; and more serous, less nutritive and obstructing, and cleanseth without acrimony and mord●eity, of all which, see more in their proper places: here note, that the milk of any beast chewing the cud, is bad for rheums, coughs, fevers, headache, obstructions, inflammations, sore eyes, shaking sinews, young men, cramps, convulsions, the stone, & teeth, & the camels is the best of those, that chew not the cud, being sweetest and thinnest; also all is thinnest in the spring, and thickest in the summer; and that of horned beasts is not to be eaten uns●dden, it so, not curdling or easily engendering wind; but that of women, asses, or mares, will never curdle into any hard substance, raw; the other is to be seasoned with salt, sugar, or honey, abstaining from wine, or four things after it, eating it upon an empty stomach, and fasting an hour after it, abstaining from exercise, and sleep, after that of beasts chewing the cud, and cleansing the teeth after it it's best for children, and old men, in the marasinus, atrophy, and physic, and the camels for the first, the woman's for the second, and asses for the third, being of a middle age, kept clean, fed with grinded malt and a little fennel seed, then drink the milk morning and evening with sugar of roses, also she is to be kept in fine leaze, or with good hay in winter, and red cow's milk may be the substitute, so fed: also milk is in active qualities, temperate, inclining to cold, in the passive moist by the fat and watery substance, thickening by the cheesy, abstersive by the serous, and assuaging by the butyrous quality, and the best is soon turned into blood, and fattens the healthful and clean, but is soon soured in cold stomaches, adust in the choleric, and swells the stomach and guts. The whey, as to its aqueous substance and phlegmatic, doth refrigerate and moisten; and cleanseth as to that which is sharp, salt, and bilious. The butter, helpeth the breast and lungs, bringeth forth spittle, helpeth hot and dry coughs; if taken much, it looseneth the belly, and hath a faculty of digesting, discussing, concocting, and gently evacuating; but if old, it groweth acrimonious: also butter is hot and moist 1°, and almost of the same nature, as oil of ripe olivers; but it's more moist than hot; the stolen is hotter and thinner; and the new, almost temperate in the active qualities, it nourisheth and fattens; if too much used, it loosens, hurts retention of the stomach, takes away the appetite, and begets a naufeousnesse, and it's therefore to be avoided by those who are subject to looseness, as also by men of hot complexions, who turn it into choler; it is to be eaten first, it quickly descending into the belly, and making way for other meats; but if it be eaten last, it loosens the stomach, and hinders the orifice from embracing the meat, and closing up, hastening meat into the belly before it be concocted, it's rheumatic, and easily converted into oily fumes, hurtful to the throat and head, and fluxes of blood, humours, or sperm, and it's rather to be used as sauce and physic, than as meat to feed upon: it's best at breakfast, tolerable at the beginning of dinner; but no way good at supper, it hindering sleep, and sending up unpleasant vapours to annoy the brain; it is also best for children whilst they are growing, and for old men decaying; but unwholesome betwixt those two ages, hot stomaches turning it into choler, and the weak not concocting it, it floating in the stomach; the fattest is made of sheep's milk the strongest of goat's milk, and the best and most of cow's milk, of which see more afterwards. The cream, which is either the flower of raw milk taken from it without fire, after it hath stood in a cold place; or the other, from it, when sod, or clouted cream; the first of which though pleasant, yet weakeneth concoction, hindereth retention, and is of harder digestion than any milk; the last, used in tarts, fools and custards, is less offensive, and of better nourishment; but it's to be eaten first, it being light and unctuous: some count the former, to be like butter, and to agree with it in virtues and quality; the other is of thick juice, & helps hot defluxions, and watching. The curds, which are fresh, without salt or rennet, or the other, with the one or both, are both utterly unwholesome when of skimmed milk, clamming the stomach, stopping the veins and passages, speedily breeding the stone, and many mischiefs; but if they be equally mixed with the butterish part, the cheese made thereof is wholesome; except age, or ill ordering hath done hurt. The cheese if new, sweet and fresh, nourisheth much; the middle aged nourisheth strongly; but the old and dry hurteth dangerously, it stopping siege, obstructing the liver, causing the stone, choler, and melancholy, lying long in the stomach undigested, procuring thirst, making a stinking breath, and a scurvy skin; so that no more thereof is to be eaten, than to close up the mouth of the stomach after meat, though the fresh may be eaten more liberally of: as to the Differences, the good is neither too soft or hard, close or spongy, clammy or crumbling, salt or unsavoury, dry or weeping, pleasantly or strongly smelling, easily melting in the mouth, and never burning when toasted at the fire; Also that of ewes milk is soon digested, that of cow's more nourishing, and the goats most, when new and soft; for it soon becomes dry, earthy, and crumbling the best is counted that of Banbury, & Cheshire, & the Holland cheese with salt. Also the old is hot and acrimonious: when new; cold, moist, more windy, less provoking thirst and binding, making fat, helping the stomach, easily distributed, yet hard of digestion, causing the stone, etc. the stinking is worst; the sharp and salt is hot and dry, and causeth thirst and evil juice; the sower is of evil juice and cold, the sweet and fat is moderately hot, and more nourishing and of better juice; and the lean is fare worse, the lax is better than the close, and the friable bad. As for medicine, the carnose parts, as also the creatures themselves used alive or divided, and hot, applied to any member, have a fomentative virtue, paregorick, and discutient, and so are of great use in the frenzy, headache, and watching; and they may be applied to the head, neck, and soles of the feet; applied to pestilent tumors, and stinging of poisonsome animals, after ventoses, they draw out the poison, defend gallings by the shoes from inflammation; and more particularly, every part respects its like; as the liver, the liver; and spleen, the spleen etc. The horns, are cold & dry, discuss, incide for the most part, cause sweat, and are alexpharmick, according to the various nature of animals. The bones, dry, discuss, bind, or stop fluxions, & strengthen the bones and ligaments; those of the heel burnt, help the colic, etc. The gall, heateth, drieth, incideth, cleanseth, stimulats the expulsive faculty, kills worms, applied it helps dimness and spots of the eyes, and purulent ears, and they differ according to the nature of the aliment and animal: amongst those of quadrupeds, the bulls is the chiefest, that of partridges and hens amongst birds; and generally those of birds are stronger, than of the terrestrials. The blood, heateth, bindeth, stops fluxes of blood, more or less according to the various nature of animals, and nutriment; that of birds, being for the most part nitrous, doth incide, cleanse, break the stone, and help suffusions of the eyes, as that of the pigeon, kite, and vulture: also blood is hard of digestion, moist, and excrementitious; that of geese, swans, hogs, and sheep, is used in sauce and puddings, but it's a gross and fulsome nourishment, except meeting with a strong and good stomach. The tallow, is hot and moist moderately, or 1°. mollifyeth, discusseth, and somewhat bindeth. The siege, is according to the nature of the aliment and animal, which by the chylifick virtue is altered; the excrements of birds, (being of a most hot nature,) are altogether nitrous, and therefore have a wondered strength, to discuss, incide, attenuate, dissolve, open, and cleanse the spots of the skin; but diversely, according to the diversity of birds and their aliments: those of labouring beasts, are anodyne, refrigerant, discutient, and are used both inwardly and outwardly. The urine, is the colamen of chyle and blood, consisting of salt and a viscous earth, mixed with phlegmatic humidity; it heats, drieth, cleanseth, resisteth putrefaction, and expels urine, etc. The rennet, even all, is of a sharp and digestive faculty, and drying.  
2. Of Birds, those most familiar unto us, are the tame, as the cock, hen, capon, chicken, turkey, peacock, goose, guiny-hens, duck, and pigeous: Amongst the wild; feeding chiefly upon the land, are, the bistard, crane, heronshaws, bittors, stork, pheasant, heath-cock, partridge, plover, lapwing, cuckoo, pie, crow, woodcock, rails, redshanks, gluts, woodsnites, godwits, smiring, turtles, stock-doves, rock-doves, ringdoves, jays, wood peckers, stone-chatters, thrushes, mavis, feldefares, blackbirds, stairs, quails, and all sorts of little birds, as sparrows, reed-sparrows, larks, bulfinches, goldfinches, thistle-finches, citron-finches, brambling, linnets, nightingales, buntings, waggetailes, robinredbreasts, wrens, witwalls, siskens, ox-eyes, creepers, titmise, titlings, swallows, and martlets: Others in or upon the waters, as the swan, bergander, barnicle, wild-geese, wild-duck, teale, widgin, fly-duck, shovelars, cormorant, curlnes, gulls, black-gulls, sea-mews, coats, water rails, seapies, pufins, plovers, sheldrakes, moor-cocks and moore-hens, dobchicks, water-crows, kingfishers, and water-snites, etc. of which see more afterwards. Amongst these, some are of a thin and light Substance, as chickens, young pheasants, partridge, heath poulse, godwitts, all small birds when young, wings and livers of hens chickens and partridges, and their warm eggs; others are more gross, and strong, as geese and swans; others are of a middle substance, as hens, capons, turkeyes, and house-doves. The Temperature, of some is hot, as of the gosling, partridge, quail, thrush, in the first degree; in the second, the turkey, peacock, pigeon, duck, & turtle; others are colder than the former; some are moist in the second degree, as the turkey, young pigeon, ducks, & young quails; others dry, as the peacock, and heath-cock in the first degree; in the second, the partridge, turtle, thrush, and blackbirds, etc. others are temperate, as a young pullet, crowing cockrel, grown capon, hens eggs poch, and all small birds when young. As to the taste, they are divers. The preparation after feeding with good meat as often as they desire it, in a spacious place, and rightly killed, garbelled, and pulled, must be by boiling, roasting, or baking, etc. according to the aforesaid rules, about beasts. In respect of age, the young are most moist tender and excrementitious, and the old more tough heavy lean and dry, and the full grown best. As to the sex, the males are more strong, dry, and heavy of digestion, and the females are sweeter moister and more easily concocted; but the kerned are of a better nature. According to their feeding, those that feed themselves abroad fat with wholesome meat, are of better nourishment, than such as are crammed in a coop: and those that live in moist and moorish places, have a more moist and excrementitious flesh, and harder of digestion; those that feed upon mountains, have drier flesh, more easily concocted, and void of excrements; the flesh of the tame nourisheth more than that of the wild, and roasted or fried they are drier than boiled: Also the purer their meat is, the better they are themselves; and those that feed upon flesh and garbage, are not so wholesome as those that feed upon corn, bents, and seeds, those that feed upon worms and fishes at the sides of the water are worse; and such as eat serpents, and spiders, etc. the worst, yet, may be more medicinable, and those taken by flight are preferred; and those that have the whitest flesh are of easiest digestion, the red fleshed are of strongest nourishment; and that which is of black flesh, is hardly digested, and of slow nourishment, and so much the worse, by how much the flesh and skin is blacker. As for the Parts of birds. The combs of cocks, some reckon amongst meats, and they are counted aphrodisiastick. The wings are of good juice and easy concoction, their crude superfluous humidity being consumed by exercise; the Pinions are of like disposition with the feet of beasts; yet those of geese, hens, capons, and chickens are of good nourishment. The rump which is most fleshy and fat in those that have short legs, doth often cause nauseousness, they are correspondent to the rumps of beasts, having kernels, and cloying the stomach. The brain is more dry and hard, than that of quadrupeds, and that of mountain birds better than the other of such as live about fens and fields; that of cocks, partridges, and pheasants is most sweet, and that of sparrows and pigeons is venereous; but none are absolutely commendable, except of such foul as are temperate, as cocks, chickens, capons, pullets, partridges, and pheasants; also those of roasted woodcocks, snites, black birds, and all small birds, are counted wholesome; but those of great birds, water-foule, pigeons, and all sorts of wild doves are counted bad; yet those of quails help the epilepsy, and the crane's the hemorrhoids. The neck is hurtful to the eyes by reason of blood coagulated there, yet some say, ala mala, coxa noxa, crura dura, cropium dubium, collum bonum. The tongue, the more musculous it is, the better, and that of geese causeth lust; but those of birds, are generally very dry, hard, and gristly, except those of parrots. The heart is of a fibrous and hard substance, hardly concocted and distributed, and often eaten, it causeth melancholic blood, & it nourisheth little, except overcome. The lungs are easily concocted by reason of their rarity, and nourish little. The ventricle, which for the most part is carnose and callous, is most sweet in geese, that of hens is more fleshy than callous. The intestine, of some is used, as the larks, woodcocks, and suits, when fresh. The liver is hot and moist, suitable to our heat, that of geese is very nourishing; those of tame foul, as hens, capons, chickens, ducklings, and geese, fatted with wholesome meat, please the taste, clear the eyesight, agree with the stomach, and increase blood; those of crane's sod in the broth of cicers, assuage the pain of the back and kidneys, but they are of small and bad nourishment; those of larks & suits are very sweet & restorative, as also of the wood-kock, which hath the greatest in proportion of all other birds. The testicles, which are best in cocks fed with a serose meat, steeped in milk, are desired by the delicate, as promoters of lust, and some say, that being kept from the hens, they will every day add so much flesh to the body, as the stones themselves are in weight; some attribute the same to those of sparrows, pheasants and partridges. The feet, having but little flesh, nourish but little; and having nerves and tendons concoct difficultly, those of geese are counted restorative. The skin of those that are fat, is sweet, but of little nutriment, and hard concoction, but that of the loins of cocks is most sweet; that of the neck, if rugous and fat, is better boiled than roasted; yet the skin of no bird turneth to nourishment, but rather to ill humours, or filthy excrements, and some birds are sodden or roasted without them, being black or bitter, as rooks, daws, coats, and moor hens. The marrow of the back, is of the same virtue, as the brain, but somewhat harder; that of the bones is more pleasant and fat, but being leberally eaten, it causeth nauseousness. The fat, moderately taken with salt, nourisheth a little but not well, yet pleasantly; it destroys appetite, wine being drunk after it, the ventricle being made smooth, and the wrinkles taken away; but that of little birds and small chickens, is not amiss, being soon overcome, but of such the lean is best. The kernels are counted restorative. The eggs consist of a yolk and white, that is easily inflamed and turned into fumes; but this is cold, glutinous, begetteth ill blood, and is hardly concocted, but together they generally agree with all stomaches: the best are those of hens, partridges, and pheasants, being of the young and fat trodden by the cock, new, white and long, such nourishing quickly, plentifully, clearing the voice and breast, & strengthing the stomach, helping consumptions, and increasing nature; & are best in the winter, & morning eaten alone, they otherwise corrupting; and hurt children and old men, but are good for temperate young persons, in fluxes, sharp humours, and weakness; others are of a bad relish, and strong savour, and worse, as of ducks, geese and peacocks, and of all water-foul, and the paler, being more aqueous; the trembling are of much nourishment, good juice, easy concoction and distribution, and generate good blood; the sorbile nourish less, and help asperity; the boiled are hardly concocted, pass slowly, and yield thick aliment; the roasted are grosser, and worse if covered with ashes, but better on the coals, and sod in water; if tried, they become nidorous, corrupt other meat, and cause thick juice; and the poached are best for hot complexions. As for their use in medicine, see the proper places.  
3. Of Fishes those we feed on in England, are either scaled, as sturgian, salmon, grailing, shuins, carp, bream, the barbel, mullet, pike, luce, perch, ruffs, herrings, sprats, pilchers, roche, shades, dorry, gudgeon, and umbers; or shelled, as scallops, oysters, muscles, cockles, and periwinkles; or crusted over as crabs, lobsters, crevisses, and shrimps; Or neither scald shelled, nor crusted, as tuny, ling, hake, haberdine, haddock, seal, conger, lampreys, lamprons, eels, plaise, turbut, flounder, skate, thornback, maids, sole, curs, gildpoles, smelts, cuttles, sleeves, pouts, dogfish, poulps, yards, mackrils, trout, tenches, cooks, whiting, gurnars, and rochets: to which may be added minoes, spirlings, and anchovaes: of which see more in their proper places. And as for their Substance, that of some, is thin and light, as of all little fishes of the river; others are more gross tough and hard, and bad if clammy, as saltfish, ling, and tunies; and others in a mean, and the best are friable, fat, new, and adult. Their Temperature, is cold and moist usually, of some its hot, as of sturgian, mullet, oysters, cockles, in the first degree; in the second, pickled oysters, and anchovaes; others are cold, as eels, lumps, oldwives, fresh tunny, fresh sprats, and fresh herrings, in the first degree; in the second, tench, pike, shrimps, crabs, and crevices: some are moist, as lamprey, barbel, crab, shrimps, and crevise, in the first degree; in the second, fresh sturgian, lumps, olaffs, tunny, tench, eel, and fresh oysters; others dry, as the dorry, and all fresh fish lightly powdered; in the second, mullets, crabs, perwinkles, and cockles; in the third, fish long salted, and stockfish: and some are temperate, as soles, and perches. The taste, is divers. Their Preparation also, altereth them much; the flaggy, slimy and moist, are best broiled, roasted or baked; and the firm and dry, sodden. And as for their Age, the little, if of more hard flesh, are bad, and the softer that are mucous; the old, lose much of their flesh, by age; those of a middle age, being neither mucous, nor of evil juice, are good. In respect of Sex, the males are more strong, dry, and heavy of digestion; and the females are sweeter, moister, and easier to be concocted, and the barren fish are counted of a middle nature, and grow most fat. According to their feeding, those that eat flesh, are of a harder and drier flesh; those that live upon a mucous matter, are of a glutinous substance: and those that eat roots and herbs are of a friable and soft flesh: those that feed upon salt, and saltish mud, are very salt, and unwholesome for most stomaches: those that devour bitter weeds and roots, in some places, are bitter: those that feed upon garbage, carrion, or city filth, and the like; are not so sweet, wholesome and pleasant, as they which feed themselves in seas, and rivers, they enjoying the benefit of fresh air, agreeable water, and meat correspondent to their own nature. In respect of place, those that live in fens, being more muddy and less exercised, are full of excrements, most slimy, unsavoury, last digested, and soon corrupted: those of great lakes are better; the pond-fish are soon fatted, having much meat and little exercise, but they are not so sweet as river fish, except they have been kept in rivers to scour themselves, especially if kept in standing ponds, not fed with continual springs, nor refreshed with fresh waters: those of rivers, if troubled and defiled with the filth of great cities, are bad for the stomach, of gross substance, and of difficult excretion; but those of clear waters, are better than the lakish, and they are best and most wholesome and light, when they live in rocky, sandy, or gravelled rivers, running northward or eastward, and are best when swimming up highest; but those that live in slow, short, and muddy rivers, are excrementitious, of corrupt juice, and of a bad smell and evil taste: the marine, living in seas agitated with the wind, and boreal, have very good flesh by reason of their exercise, and purity of the wind: and sea fish is not only the sweetest of all other, but the least hurtful, and though their substance be thicker and more fleshy, yet it's most light and easy of concoction, and wholesome, the salt water washing away the inward filth; it's less moist and clammy, easier of concoction, sooner turned into blood, and every way fit for man's body, when the next continent is clean, gravely, sandy, or rockey, and north-east; and not calm or muddy: the pelagious, living in the bottom of the sea, are of a hard flesh, hardly concocted; but of much nourishment: the littoral, by exercise dissipating the excrements of their feeding, are better than the former: the saxatil are easily concocted, of good juice, abstersive, light, and of little nourishment, sc. those that keep their place and feeding; the wanderers, by reason of their constant motion and beating of the waves, have harder flesh: the fossil have a hard and unpleasant flesh, and sometimes have been so bad, that all have died, that have eat thereof: the Amphibii, living partly on the land, partly in the water, by reason of the variety of their meat and motion, are hardly approved of: also fishes of the same kind and species differ in their goodness according to the healthfulness of the place, in which they live, and some are better in the ocean than in the mediterranean, and the contrary. Note, that be a fish well grown, it showeth its heal thy; if fat, it's young; and new, it's sweet; and keepeth but till the next day, if fed in a muddy or filthy water, it soon corrupting; also sodden fish or broiled, is presently, to be eaten hot, for kept cold, in one day, if without pickle or vinegar it will corrupt, and hurt the eater; and if taken out of a pan, it's not to be covered with a platter, lest the congealed vapour drop thence, and so cause vomiting, scouring, or corruption in the veins; also before the eating of a fish dinner, the body is not to be heated with exercise, lest the juice too soon drawn by the liver, corrupt the whole mass of blood; neither is it to be sodden or eaten without salt, pepper, wine, onions, or hot spices; all fish compared with flesh being cold and moist, of little nourishment, engendering waterish and thin blood; & though crabs, skate, cockles, and oysters, procure lust, yet it's not by great nourishment, but by wind, making sharp nature and tickling, and such sperm is unfruitful; furthermore those fish which are scaly, and have a substance that crumbles easily, are more wholesome, than those that are without them, being of a drier substance; but the other are more slimy, moist, and glutinous. As for the Parts of fishes. The head, in some is edible, as that of the mullet, salmon, umber, and carp. The tongue, is tender and fat in the dolphin, sweet in the carp, and causeth venery. ●he eyes, in the salmon are tender and fat. The barbs are counted delicate. The neck and throat, salted, are pleasant, and hardly vitiated. The livers of the aselli, are counted better than those of other fishes; and that of the sheath-fish, is so sweet, that it causeth nauseousness; that of the pike roasted and seasoned with the juice of an orange, is not inferior to that of geese. The sides of sturgians and lampreys are commended. The bowels are commended in the scarus, and are pleasant in the dolphin, by their taste and smell. The belly of the huso tasteth like hogs flesh, that of tunies is to be seasoned with salt vinegar and fennel. The lactes, are commended in the huso and lamprey. The abdomen in the tuny is fat and savoury. The intestines are commended in the pike, salmon, asellus, & conger. The ilia of the flounder are commended also. The Ioines are counted good in the sphyraena. The tail, in the pike and tunie is . The skin of the tench, is by some women preferred before the flesh. The eggs or spawn, of perches broiled, of carp sod and fried, of the pike, salmon, and huso seasoned, are ; but those of barbels, cause pain in the belly. As for medicine, the crustaceous, or testaceous, are all of a saline and tartareous nature, and yield excellent remedies to resolve the stone or tartar, to help the strangury, dysury, ischury, and difficulties and suppression of urine, the colic passion, and tartareous diseases of the lungs; etc. And outwardly they are used in dentifrices, especially if burnt, also they consolidate and dry chaps in the skin: And all kinds of stones found in the heads of fishes, powdered and drunk in wine, help the colic, and stone in the reins.  
4. Of Serpents, there are few that are eaten, or that eat them. And as for medicine, the body having the head and tail cut off and entrails cast away, being flayed, well washed, boiled with wine, with aromatized broth, is commended against the leprosy. The fume provoketh the menses. Boiled in oil with the flowers of cowslips, it helps the gout. The ashes help fistulas. And as for the parts: The eye applied is said to help epiphoras. The heart bitten or applied helps the toothache. The liver eaten is said to be prophylactick. The gall, helps bitings of mad dogs, tasted caseth delivery, and applied helps the hemorrhoids. The blood makes read the lips, applied cleanseth the skin, and helps stinking of the gums. The fat with other things helps the french disease, the palsy and gout boiled with may butter and strained, and with bulls gall in pessaries it helps sterility. The flesh cleanseth the skin, and a dram of the powder taken with syrup of honey helps the leprosy, also it helps wounds and cut sinews. The cast skin, helps falling off of the hair, and cleareth the eyes rubbed therewith, boiled in vinegar it helps the toothache, and bringeth out the same, and boiled in vinegar or oil it helps pains of the ears. And the fume with apopanax, myrrh, galbanum, castoreum and pigeons are hawks dung, bringeth forth the foetus alive or dead. The Particular Serpents, See after.  
5. Of Infects, few are used as meat, except snails, which some count most dainty sweet and nourishing meat, and are best towards winter having scoured themselves, and those are to be preferred that are of a middle size, feeding in the summer time in hilly places upon wholesome herbs, and are to be eaten after september: also they are bad for those that are of cold and moist complexions, being cold 1°. and moist 2°. but help those that are hot, choleric, thirsty, inflamed, watchful, and those that have ulcers of the lungs being parboiled in warm water, and so broiled upon the coals, and eaten. As touching the use of infects in medicine, there is little to be said in general; but of them, as also of the rest of the irrational animals, see more after, more particularly, in Alphabetical order.  
Having thus spoken of Animals, as to their general differences, in respect of parts, magnitude, place, qualities, meat, generation, motion, voice, life, and actions, etc. together with their use as Meats, with their differences, as considered in kind, substance, temperature, taste, preparation, age, sex, feeding, and place; and of their several parts, both natural and excrementitious, in general; as also of their use in Medicine: it may not be amiss to add something concerning Sauces, etc. Which serve to help the want of appetite and digestion, and fit each meat to the several stomaches, by which it is to be received.  
As for Sauces therefore, they are either hot, serving, if the stomach want appetite, by reason of cold and raw humours furring it, and dulling the sense of feeling in its orrifice; & are made of dill, fennel, mints, organy, parsley, dried gillyflowers, galingal, mustard seed, garlic, onions, leeks, juniper-berries, sage, time, vervain, betony, salt, cinnamon, ginger, mace, cloves, nutmegs, pepper, pills of citrons, lemons, and oranges, grains, cubebs, etc. mix 1. 2. or 3. of them, as need requireth, with wine or vinegar, made strong of rosemary or gillyflowers: or cold, helping the stomach and appetite, hurt by much choler, or adust and putrified phlegm; as those made of sorrel, lettuce, spinach, purslane, or sanders; mixed with vinegar, verjuice, cider, alegar, or water; or the pulp of prunes, apples, and currens, etc. some help also for slow digestion, which is caused by coldness of the stomach or hardness of the meat, and helped by hot things; mustard therefore is to be used with beef, and all kinds of salted flesh and fish; and onion sauce with duck, widgin, teal, and all water foul; salt and pepper with venison, and galingal sauce with the flesh of cygnets; garlic or onions boiled in milk, with a stubble goose; and sugar and mustard with red dear, crane, shovelar, and bustard: and others are for temperate meats, and speedy of digestion; as pork, mutton, lamb, veal, kid, hen, capon, pullet, chicken, rabbit, partridge, and pheasant, etc. these therefore must have temperate sauces; as mustard and green-sauce for pork, verjuice and salt for mutton; juice of oranges or limmons with wine, salt and sugar for capons, pheasants, and partridges; water and pepper for woodcocks; vinegar and butter, or the gravet of roasted meat with rabbits, pigeons, or chickens; for such meats, their sauces being too cold or too hot, would quickly corrupt in the stomach, being else most nourishing of their own nature; but others are to be corrected by artificial preparation, and appropriated sauce, which nature hath made queasy or heavy to indifferent stomaches. These are the chief meats, sauces, or matter of Aliment; yet many times they are joined with other Vegetables etc. they serving likewise for meat & nourishment; of which the Substance of some is gross, as of cucumbers, turnips, beans, hard pease, & brown and rye bread, etc. that of others, is mean, and of good juice, as sodden lettuce, skirrets, almonds, raisins, and bread made of the purest wheat, new, well baked, and leavened; the hard are not easily concocted, but quickly corrupted; the soft are soon corrupted; the viscid are hardly distributed; others are of firm or infirm aliment, and of easy or difficult concoction or corruption. In respect of Quality, they are either hot, attenuating thick humours, inciding the viscid, discussing flatulency, and increasing choler in the temperate; and some are hot in the first degree; as new haslenuts, new almonds, asparagus, borage, bur-roots, skirret-roots, white thistle roots, hop-buds, parsneps, wheat, rice, figs, sugar, raisins, sweet apples, and ripe pomegranates; others 2°. as ripe mulberries, new walnuts, pickled olives, preserved capers, phisticks, dates, chestnuts, artichokes, carrots, potatoes, parsley, radish roots, eryngo roots, nutmegs, and saffron; 3°. mints, tarragon, onions, leeks, alisanders, old walnuts, cinnamon, ginger, cloves and pepper; and 4°. skallions, garlic, and ramseys; but such as are hot beyond the second degree, are rather medicine than meat: others are cold, tempering the heat of the stomach and blood, but cause flatulency; and are so 1°. as pompions, melons, cherries, strawberries, peaches, some apples, pears, quinces, medlars, services, spinach, succory, sorrel, goose-berries, cabbage, coleworts, pease and beans; 2°. prunes, damsins, apricocks, most sorts of plumms, lettuce, endive, citrons, oranges, limmons, gourds, and cucumbers: some are moist, helping the dryness of the parts, and loosening the belly; and are so 1°. as pineapple kernels, new filbeards, sweet almonds, dates, sparage, spinach, borage, hop buds, carrots, turnips, and French pease: others are dry, which are hardly concocted, and nourish strongly, but cause a melancholic juice, and help those that are overmoistened; and are so 1°. as strawberries, sour fruit, medlars, fennel, artichokes, coleworts, and reddish saffron; 2°. cinnamon, nutmegs, ginger, galanga, pears, quinces, sour pomegranates, pickled olives, phisticks, chestnuts, succory, sorrel, parsley, onions, leeks, lemons, citrons, beans, and rice; 3°. powdered capers, services, mints, garlic, ramseys, scallions, water-cresses, cloves, and the best cinnamon; 4°. pepper, and all things over seasoned therewith. And the rest are temperate not exceeding the first degree, as fine wheat, etc. and are the best, being easily concocted, nourishing much, yielding good aliment, not easily corrupted, or gaining an evil quality, and such as leave little excrement. As for the Taste, some are bitter, as sparage, hop sprouts, broom-buds, and wormwood, etc. others sharp, as onions, skallions, leeks, garlic, radish, mustard seed, cresses, and hot spices; others sour, as sorrel, lemons, oranges, citrons, sour fruit, and things strong of vinegar and verjuice; some are austere and acerb, binding if taken first, but loosening if used last, as roasted quinces, wardens, services, medlars, etc. & others insipid, as melons, pompions, pears, apples, berries, & plums of no relish, etc. others are sweet, etc. but amongst all other things that arise from plants, the chief is wheat, serving to make the best bread of, which agreeth to all stomaches, without which if meat be eaten, it soon corrupteth and passeth out of the body; and it's to be made of the purest wheat, well cleansed, washed, kept, and ground, with clean water lukewarm, a little salt, mean leaven, well moulded, and slit, made into mean loaves, well baked, and full of eyes; and it's then to be eaten, being 24. hours old, the crumbs to nourish and the crust to dry, and the leavened for weak stomaches, in such quantity as may make a convenient mixture of meat and drink, and the more when the meats are liquid to retain them, avoiding fullness thereof, it being most dangerous, by reason of its clamminess. If new and hot, it's thirsty, and windy; if two days old, dry & hardly concocted; if old & musty it's melancholic, and binding; if heavy it's flatulent, and troublesome; and the biscuit is dry; if branny, it nourisheth best, but passeth soon through the belly, but the finer is more nourishing; the domestic is good, the unleavened is heavy, and the unsalted obstructive: also Drink is no less necessary, serving to mix the meat and bread, and help their distribution, restore the humid substance of the body, and quench thirst, help to concoction, and fusion, and to hinder inflammation of the nutritive fat; and the most simple is Water, the purest of which is cold and moist, and the best is clear, limpid, without muddiness or contents, taste or smell, thin and smooth, which runs presently through the hypochondria, and is soon distributed through the body, soon hot or cold, and lightest: Therefore Fountain water is to be preferred, having these qualities, eastern and running through sand or gravel, the southern and northern are worse, raw, heavy, and of slow passage; it's bad if running through pipes: Rain water is next best, being brought in earthen pipes into a cistern, or through gravel, in spring, and with gentle showers, and kept clean in a cistern; it's worse, if falling in storms; if with thunder it's most light and thin, but soon corrupting; that of snow and ice, is thick, hurts the ventricle, and causeth griefs of the joints and bowels; that taken in cisterns is bad if falling from houses, by reason of the lime, etc. Well waters are thick and heavy, obstructing, yet are better having good fountains near them, drawn out of deep wells, if the sun come at them, often drawn, cleansed, remote from dung hills, and the water is sweet in clay, colder in tophous earth, thin in sand, and best amongst red stones, of good taste in gravel, cold at the bottom of mountains, and best amongst stones and flints: Riverwater is sometimes preferred before well water, being sweet, and clear, and taken from swift streams, flowing in good ground, and a temperate region: That of standing pools, and lakes, is the worst, thick, raw, and sometimes malignant, hurting the stomach, corrupting the humours, stopping the bowels, and causing putrid fevers: but water may be corrected by boiling it. An other sort of drink is Beer, which is made of wheat, oats, or rye, but chiefly of barley, which by reason of hopps is hot and diuretical; and if new, it's unwholesome, obstructive, and begets the stone; the defecated is more wholesome; and ale is said to make fat: As for Metheglin, it's hot, and soon turned into choler: And Wine generally is hot and dry, cherishing the heart, increasing the spirits, refreshing the strength, purging choler by urine, and provoking the expulsion of excrements; and the Muscadine is of good juice; Malago heats the stomach, and helps the colic. The Rhenish is thin, strengthening the heart, and restorative. The Thin soon penetrats, quickly restoreth, openeth, provokes sweat and urine, and is of less aliment, such is the aquose, deep yellow, and yellow; the Thick is more nutritive, heating, drying, sticking, and sometimes obstructing, as the black, red, sweet, and austere; the White is colder than the yellow or deep yellow, if thin also; the deep Yellow is next it, and good if thin; the Red doth moderately heat, begets good blood, & troubles not the head, if thick also, but obstructeth the spleen & liver; Claret is almost of the same virtue; the Black is of a thicker substance, for the most part sweet, very nourishing, and begets thick blood, but causeth obstructions and filleth the head; the Sweet nourisheth well, and is pleasant to the , bowels, lungs, and mouth, and troubleth not the head, but obstructeth and turneth into choler; the Austere is less hot, resteth longer in the belly, penetrats to the passages of urine, and helps fluxes, but because it restraineth spittle, it's not to be used in the diseases of the breast; and the Mean is best; the Fragrant by its smell restoreth strength; increaseth the spirits, and strengtheneth the faculties, and is good for old men, but that it fills the head, and troubleth the nerves; that without smell is not so desired or nourishing; and that affected with an other smell is noxious; Must causeth the colic and hindereth urine; the New is excrementitious, of difficult distribution, and causeth fluctuation; the Old troubleth the nerves and head; but the Mean is better for use: Thus meat in general is a more gross and corporeal substance, taken either from living creatures living upon the earth, or living ever or sometimes in the water; or vegetables in the earth, whereby the grosser part of our body is preserved; and liquours are thin and liquid nourishment, serving as a stead to convey meat to every member, and are converted most easily into humours in the body.  
This is the chief matter of meat and drink, by which the body of man is preserved, augmented, and strengthened, there is further to be observed, that what is according to nature is to be preserved, a mean is always to be followed, sudden mutations are to be avoided, things accustomed are not presently to be left off, bodies in exact health are to be cherished with their likes; those that recede from it, are by little and little, and moderately, to be reduced to the contrary; occult qualities are so to be preserved that the temper of the body be not hurt; the innate heat of all the parts is to be preserved by moderate heaters and binder's. The Air most wholesome, must be temperate, pure, clean, thin, open, free, without any ill vapours, moistness or corruption, but moved with gentle winds, and serene, and seasonable, sc. hot and moist in spring, hot and dry in summer, cold and dry in autumn, cold and moist in winter, so for the months according to the quadrature of the moon, and for the days, in respect of morning noon evening and night, the effects of which are according to the qualities, and winds, yet all winds in their proper nature, moisten and cool, but altar according to the site and condition of places through which they blow, the septentrional being most vehement, the oriental moderately hot and dry, and moist from the sea; the occidental moderately cold and moist, and the meridional waterish showry and sickly; it's altered also by the stars, meteors, as fiery aereal aqueous or impure, zones; cardinal regions, the oriental being moderately temperate, and healthy; the occidental sickly, the meridional making moist, and the septentrional dry; by the parts of the world, kingdoms, and provinces, cities and edifices, & particular constitution of places; being pure in high, moist in low, mean in plain, thin in the stony, open in mountains, cloudy in woods, moist near rivers, sickly in fens, wholesome in marine places, & various near baths: that is to be shunned that is stinking, and sudden mutations therein are not to be made, the cold is to be altered with fire, hang, or stoves; the hot by cold water, roses strewed, water-lillies, nettles, willows, and leaves of trees; the moist by fire, and aromatic fumes; the dry by irrigation of waters, and moistening herbs; the pestilent with the fume of aromatic wood, and frankincense, those that are idle are to walk in the open air and fields, in the morning about mountains, and fountains and rivers in the evening.  
Then as for Meat, it is to be temperate, and familiar, acceptable and usual, sc. the flesh of animals, and fishes, with bread well baked; also simple, or various, yet not of a divers substance or qualities at the same time, that it may be concocted at the same time, with the same heat, and not being taken in too great a quantity, and it's convenient; firm flesh, thin blood, sweet phlegm, bitter gall, and sourish melancholy being to be preserved; but they must be well prepared, orderly taken, and no error committed in quantity, time, order and manner of eating; it's necessary in sickness also if compound, of which more particularly after. And as for the Quantity of meat, it is either full, increasing flesh, spirits and humours; and is fit for those that are young, growing, strong, lusty, and able to endure much exercise: or moderate, repairing flesh, spirits, and humours lost; and is fittest for persons of a middle health, of an estate of body neither perfectly strong, nor very weak: or else thin, lessening flesh spirits and humours for a time to preserve life, and the strictest especially is to be used, only where there are violent diseases, caused by fullness or corruption, where the sickness is abated by the substraction of sufficient food. Also a man in health, must never eat to satisfy, but rise with a quick appetite. If drowsy, weary and heavy after eating, being before nimble & cheerful, it's a sign that accustomed measure is exceeded; and that the quantity must be diminished, till such inconveniences cease. If after meals, there be unfitness for the actions of the mind, as study, contemplation, and other functions of the mind and body, than the due proportion is exceeded. If there be too much repletion, there must be evacuation; and that is known, by pain and heaviness of the head, long and troubled sleeps, troublesome dreams, sleep in the daytime after meals, laziness, weariness, pain in the whole body, or any part thereof, want of appetite, crudities in the stomach, sour belching, binding of the belly, frequent distillations, stopping of the nose after supper, with little excrement evacuated, and much in the morning, much spitting, unusual abundance of wind, and looseness. If a change be to be made, it must be by degrees, till come to a proportion not offending the functions of the body or mind; and several sorts of meat are to be shunned, at the same time, some being concocted sooner, others more slowly, and so there is an evil concoction. The Quality of meats also is to be regarded, there being like food like flesh, like meat like nourishment. And the temperate are best for all sorts of persons, especially for those well tempered, as flesh and bread of good juice. The quality is to be heeded; it altering the constitution of the body. That is to be used which is most agreeable to every one's particular nature, age, temperature, distemperature, and complexion. Young, hot, strong, and labouring men may eat hard & gross meats, as beife, bacon, powdered flesh and fish, hard cheese, hard eggs, and rye-bread, etc. which may be concocted by degrees, and nourish slowly; the lighter meats, as veal, lamb, capons, chickens, partridges, pheasants, or plovers, etc. in them, being too soon digested, and turned into choler; and milk is best for children, tender flesh for such as grow, and liquid meats for such as are sick of sharp diseases. If the body be bound, the diet must be moist, and of boiled meats; but dry, if moist. Sweet meats are bad for young children, and men, and for hot stomaches; but help those that are old and cold. The bitter engender choler, burn blood, and give no general nourishment to the whole. Sharp spices hurt tender bodies, but the strong may eat them with gross meats Sour meats with sharp, as citrons, lemons, oranges, and vinegar, hurt cold stomaches, and sinewy parts; but if cold and astringent, as sorrel, quinces, services, and medlars, they help the stomach eaten last, except subject to fluxes. Those over-salted help those only that toil and labour, causing inflammations and obstructions, etc. the Fatty are good only for cold and dry stomaches. All meats are to be given very hot to cold & raw stomaches. They are to be contrary to the disease when sick, that which is naturally or accidentaly loathed, is not to be eaten greedily when hungry, being turned into wind, belchings, vimiting, and gripe. A strong and good stomach may taste of all things, but not feed on them as nourishments. The Time of eating, depends upon custom, but that hour may be omitted if the appetite be not quick, yet it's most convenient to eat twice in the day. The supper, in some that are healthy and in the flower of youth, aught to be equal or larger than the dinner; but in others more sparing; and the most seasonable hour of dining, is about 2. or 3. hours before noon, and it's most wholesome: as for break fasts, in close places, and times of sickness, they are very necessary; otherwise it's best to fast till dinner, where the air is clear, and wholesome, except growing or choleric, the meals are to be often for children and much, little and often for old men, labourers very often, sc. 4. or 5. times in a day, if working hard; and the time, quantity, and frequency may be altered by custom, sickness and appetite. etc. The Order of aliments is this, that thin meats, liquid, easy of concoction, loosening and easily descending, are to be first taken, and the contrary last. At the beginning of the meal, some broth, flesh, or some what else actually hot, is to be taken, not drinking first; but drink with meat is necessary, without fluctuation, the most nourishing meat is to be eaten first, and the cold last, if the stomach be hot; the breakfast may be of liquid meats, the dinner of moist and boiled, and the supper chiefly of roasted meats. As for the Manner of eating, it is to be with fine chewing, leisurely, sitting upright for an hour's time or less; except longer time be confirmed by custom, or alleviated by pastime or discourse; but the time of sitting is not to be very long or short, that the meat may descend, and not too hastily settle. Here also the Custom and delight in the use of meats is to be observed, the usual being more profitable though not so good, and that not only in the substance, but quality, quantity, and time of eating also; and if it be changed, it must be by degrees, and the most pleasing is to be used. In respect of Age, the meat and diet of children should be cold and moist, given in a great quantity: it's to be middling in quantity and quality for youths and young men, and cold and moist: and it must be less for old men. According to the Season of the year, in Winter it must be copious, hot and dry, and drink more sparing, and wine pure: in the Spring it must be moderate in quantity and quality, more hot and copious than in summer, but less than in winter: in Summer it must be cold and moist, small in quantity, but with more drink: in Autumn, it must be fuller, hotter, and drier than in summer, and less at the beginning than at the latter end. And this is to be observed, the Spring being temperate, in a mean between the first qualities, or moderately hot and moist; the Summer is hot and dry; Autumn is cold and dry; & Winter cold & moist, & they produce diseases accordingly; a hot air, attenuating, dissolving and weakening; the cold thickening binding and helping concoction; the moist softening, increasing excrements, and making dull; the dry diminishing excrements, making agile, and quickening; and the cloudy filling with ill humours and spirits.  
Also that the aforesaid meat or diet may be the more profitable to the body, & health preserved: Motion & rest are to be considered, exercise exciting natural heat, and increasing the spirits, and making the body more strong, perfecting concoction, and causing transpiration; and it may be by walking, running, leaping, riding, gestation, and other ways; but the chief is moderate Walking through green and pleasant places, under a serene sky, before meat, & chiefly before dinner, and that till the body swell, appears fresh, begin to be weary, and a hot vapour breaks forth; also that is the best exercise, which exerciseth all parts equally; if excessive, it exhausteth, refrigerats, weakens, & hurts the eyes; if Swift, it attenuats, and thickens the body; if Slow, it refrigerats and causeth flesh; if Vehement, it makes lively, but lean; if continued and equal, it more wearieth; and less if unequal; if Interrupted & ordinate, it wearieth less; if in Places hot, it burneth, and humecteth if moist; if by Leaping, and continual, it hurts the head and breast; if upwards, it helps the hips; if downwards, it cleanseth the head, and strengthens the legs; if with capering, it helps matter from the head; if by Running, and vehement, it helps moist bodies, but hurts the head; if moderate, it heats, causeth appetite, and stops fluxions; if long and forewards, it diffuseth the flesh, and makes thicker if by degrees; if backwards, and placid, it helps the head eyes, stomach and loins; if circular, it hurts the head; if up hill, it hurts the breast and legs; and the bowels, if downwards; in plain places, it's good; if the body be covered, it moistens and makes pale, if bore it causeth evaporation. If by Quoits, it helps the limbs, but hurts bad reins, & breast; if by Shooting, it causeth a good habit. Moderate Walking helps defluxions and retentions; if swift, it extenuats; if slow, it helps old men; if too much, it discusseth and hurts the head; if much it helps the pined lower parts, and head affected by the breast; if little, it helps the heavy body; if long and strait it helps the head, and drieth; if long and swift it helps hickets; if short and turning it hurts the head; if upon the heels it helps a moist breast; and the belly bound, if on the toes; if up hill, it wearieth, and causeth sweat, but hurts weak knees; if down hill, it draws from the head, but hurts weak thighs; if through unequal places, it's good for such as are soon wearied; if through rough, it fills the head; if on sand it strengtheneth; in a close place it's bad; if by the sea it drieth and attenuats; by rivers, it moistens; it's bad in the dew; and in winds, it's according as it's said of them before, as they altar the air; if in the sun, it hurts the head; but it's good under myrtles, bay-trees, amongst sweet herbs, & in fair weather; if in the morning, it loosens, quickens, and helps appetite, and moist bodies; in the evening it prepares for sleep, helps inflations, but hurts the head; a little after meat, is good, to help descent. Standing, if upright, hurts weak backs, & inflamed or ulcerated reins; if before meat, it draws down excrements, strengthens the legs, but hurts the vertiginous; if after meat, & moderate, it helps descent; if long, it sends up vapours, draws down humours, & hurts the breast & bladder; in the shade & sun, it's as in walking. Riding, if slow, makes weary; if swift & seldom, it causeth lust & hurts the breast; if trotting, it hurts the back parts, but helps the reins; if running, it too much heats, dulls the senses, & offends the eyes. Gestation, increaseth heat, discusseth, draws down excrements, & causeth sleep; if in a coach, if gently, it helps diseases of the head & fluxes, & the sight if looking back; if fast, it makes lean; in a horslitter, it's good after meals and for the sick; as for the nature of Rest, it may hence appear. And as for Sleeping & watching, they are no less to be regarded; moderate sleep, helping concoction, restoring lost strength, moistening the body, & helping old men; but if immoderate, it loosens the members, causeth ill colour & habit, makes the head heavy, fills it full of vapours & humours, dulls natural heat, & makes unfit for exercise: now the time that is most convenient for it, is the night, 1 or 2 hours after supper, after a gentle walk, to help descent of meat. And it's hurtful at noon, except great labour did precede, or sickness or weakness, or weariness & watchfulness, or to recall the heat to the internal parts in a hot day, if usual, & then it must be very long, or short; the body being upright, and that, after dinner, a gentle walk being used, & it must be the longer, the weaker the digestion is & slow; & it must be first on the right side, then on the left, the head being highest, & the limbs gathered up: also lying on the belly helps concoction, but hurts the sight; but if on the back, it hinders the evacuation of excrements, and hurts those that are subject to the stone. Watching, if moderate, doth excite the spirits & senses, & helps to distribution, & the evacuation of excrements; but if immoderate, it dissipats the spirits, drieth the body, chiefly the brain, increaseth choler, inflames, & the heat being dissipated, causeth cold diseases. Excretions & retentions likewise must be regarded, the excrements being too long retained, begetting several diseases, sc. apepsie, nauseousness, putrid vapours, the colic, giddiness & head ache; but if naturally evacuated, they are soft, of a middle substance, brown colour, not of very offensive smell, and corresponding with the quantity of things received. And if they are often evacuated, they ease the body, and preserve health; if frequently and long, it weakens the body, and corrodes the intestines. Urinal natural is of a moderate substance, brown colour, with or without sediment, white, smooth, & corresponding to the quantity of liquor taken; & if it be too long retained, it distends the urinary passages, & if the serous humidity be not attracted by the reins, it causeth the cachexy, and dropsy. Insensible transpiration, if prohibited, causeth great diseases, as pleurefies, peripneumonies, and putrid fevers, etc. but if according to nature, it preserveth health. The sperm unduly retained, causeth a heaviness of the whole body, and dangerous accidents if corrupted; if too much evacuated, it dissipats natural heat, debilitats the whole body, accumulats crudities, hurts the nerves, and causeth the palsy, and debility of mind; the flux of the flowers should be moderate, according to the temper and custom of the woman, with certain intervals and periods: as for Venery it hurteth men more than women, if immoderate; and it's to be used chief in youth and at the middle age; But it hurts old men, and those of a dry and weak constitution; when used, the interval must be such, that the body may be lighter after than before; also it's worst after hard drinking, strong exercises, in time of famine, or after long evacuations. The Passions of the mind are no less to be regarded; they if moderate, preserving health; and decaying it, if immoderate, and therefore they are to be bridled; and as for the effects. Immoderate love doth accend, and often causeth palpitation, madness, or fainting. Joy, if moderate, it recreats the heart and vital spirits; if sudden and excessive it so dissipats the spirits, that often it causeth death. Sadness doth by degrees dissolve the spirits, cool and dry the body, hurt concoction, and cause watching, and melancholic diseases, paleness, and smallenesse of pulse. Fear calls the heat inwards, makes cold, pale, weak, causeth looseness, resolution of the muscles, and sometimes death with a small pulse. Anger moves the spirits outwards, agitats the same, and humours, beats, causeth fevers, trembling, abortion, and death. Externals, also may be profitable, as Baths, which altar much; but often do not a little hurt those that seldom use them, or that are cocochymick, plethoric, rheumatic and inclined to inflammations, and the erysipelas. That of the vapour of sweet water, heateth, at first relaxeth and moisteneth, after it melteth, causeth sweat; and if used long, it drieth. Water hot, moisteneth, but first heateth; & the hot vapours being gone, it cooleth, attenuats, and drieth if tepid, cooleth the hot and heateth the cold, relaxeth, and impinguats moderately used, and concocts; used long, it dissolves, and discusseth; therefore it's moderately to be used, by those that are hot and slender, it helping them, as also the kectical, melancholic dry fevers, thirsty, weary, painful, and cutaneous affections: if cold, it refrigerats, binds, thickens, strengthens, calls in heat, helps concoction, prevents external injuries; but is bad for such as use not a good diet or exercise, or are bound, or full of crudities, and sharp vapours. The artificial vary, according to the ingredients; and the medicate according to their minerals; the sulphureous heating, drying and resolving; and the nitrous, dry and cleanse. Inunctions may be used before or after bathing. Friction, if hard, hardens and thickens; and the contrary, if soft; the mean is indifferent; if much, it dssolves and extenuats; if mean, it increases flesh; in the morning after evacuation of excrements, it helps the dry and weary; so in the evening, and helps the atrophy. As for Garments, they all heat; if of silk they heat more, and mollify if fine, and heat more if villous; cloth heateth, and drieth; that of skins if full of hair is warmest. Scarlet is hot, and draws forth the spirits; that which is aromatized is naught for a hot brain, and causeth headache; if linen and flaxen, made white with lime, it biteth and causeth scabbiness; and that of hemp, is drier. This may suffice to be said in general of Animals, as used in diet, together with the quantity, quality, time, order, manner of eating them, custom, & season of the year; with other things necessary, as motion and rest, sleeping and watching, excretions and retentions, passions of the mind and externals, etc. Now more particularly, as for the diet of those that are great and of infants, etc. see the regimen after. And those betwixt 21. & 50. should use a quantity that may not load; less if hard, the stomach cold, & appetite wanting, idle, & in summer time; if too much, it's to be corrected by fasting, sleep, abstinence, rest, & vomiting; using flesh chiefly, with suitable sauces to the temper, yet sparingly, or little & often, according to age, temperament, life, & custom, twice in a day; or oftener, if labouring, choleric, lean, and when appetite, with some variation, & according to custom, & least at night if health decays, the liquid first & laxants last to loosen, & the corruptible apart, drinking without fluctuation, betwixt eating, & after concoction, the stomach not being empty; also the affections must be moderate; & motion, little, if lean, hungry, or meat crude, moderate before & after it, avoiding study, & long exercise, sleeping 6 or 9 hours, on the right side first, the members being contracted, & head elevated upon a soft bed; avoiding often & long bathing before concoction, not eating soon after, voiding excrements by lenients, & exercise daily. That of old men, must be hot & moist, so the air, of good juice and easy concoction. With a little honey, & thrice in a day in exact quantity, with some change, thin wine middle aged, mulse, or beer, shunning passions, using gentle exercise, frictions, long sleep and lenients, as honey, raisins, etc. That of the Intemperate must be altered by degrees to the contrary, till temperate: if declining, fasting, bleeding, purging: if recovering, by purging, moist, easy fit & good meat.  
This may suffice concerning Animals, their differerences, use as meat and medicine, sauces, & things to be joined therewith in diet, sc. bread, drink, water, wine, beer, & fit air; the quantity of meats, quality, time, order, & manner of eating, custom, & season of the year; with motion & rest, sleeping & watching, excretions and retentions, passions of the mind, externals, & particular dietetick rules, serving for the preservation of health, by the use of Irrational Animals: Now follow the Rational, for whose use they are.  
II. Rational, viz. Man, who is an animal, besides sense and motion, having reason also: in whom may be considered. 1. His Use in medicine. 2. His Anatomy, & general external division of the whole body, into ventures & limbs; as also the bones, cartilages & ligaments, muscles, veins, arteries, nerves, lower belly, middle venture, & upper venture. 3. Also his Diseases, which are. 1. Internal, & these are. 1. Universal, sc. fevers; & 2. Particular, with their symptoms, sc. 1. The diseases of the upper venture or head; & its symptoms, of the eyes, ears, nostrils, tongue, lips, face, teeth, gums, jaws, mouth, uvula, & tonsils. 2. Of the middle venture, & its symptoms, sc of the gullet, throat, rough artery, lungs, breast, symptoms thereof, & of the heart. 3. Of the lower venture and its symptoms, sc. of the oesophagus, ventricle, symptoms thereof, of the intestines, symptoms thereof, of the anus, mesentery, spleen, liver, symptoms thereof, of the reins, symptoms thereof, of the bladder, symptoms thereof, of the genitals in men, symptoms thereof, of the navel, of the abdomen, of the pudend in women & neck of the womb, of the womb itself, of the symptoms therein, & about the menses & other fluxes thereof, with those of virgins & women after twelve years of age from the same, those about conception, preternatural affections of those that are great & their regimen, symptoms about parturition, affections after childbirth & the regimen of breeding women, as also their diseases of the duggs, & symptoms thereof. 4. The diseases & symptoms of infants. Also the arthritis, occult diseases from internal humours, water, & air, french disease, diseases from witchcraft & enchantment, & poisons inward or outward, from animals minerals & vegetables. 2. Externals, sc. tumors, ulcers, wounds, fractures, luxations, & pains. Of all which particularly, in the same order, more shall be said in their proper places, together with their definitions including the signs, causes, particular method of curation, brief Theory, Remedies internal & external, general & particular. The inward, are medicines cooling & attenuating choler, cooling & thickening it, altering phlegm & melancholy, & black choler, aperients, cholagogons, phlegmagogons, melanogogons, hydragogons, vomitories, sudorificks, diuretics, errhines, sternutatories, masticatories, cephalicks, ophthalmicks, pectorals, cardiacals, hepaticals, stomachicals, spleneticks, nephriticks, hystericals, arthriticks, increasers and diminishers of milk, increasers and diminishers of sperm, discutients of wind, astringents, killers of worms, and vulneraries; the outward, are medicines refrigerating and repelling, emplastics, anodynes, narcoticks, emollients, resolvers, epispastics, suppurants, detergents, sarcotics, cicatrizers, stoppers of blood, glutinants, vesicants, cathereticks, and caustics; and use of the London Dispensatory for the same purpose, Doses of remedies, and Way of prescribing making and using of them, according to the best rules of Art. etc.  
Thus of Animals irrational and rational, etc. now follow Minerals.  
II. As for Minerals, they are bodies perfectly mixed; inanimate, not having sense or motion; and they Differ according to colour, chalk, alum, the amianth and arabic stone being white for the most part; and marble, crystal, silver, and quicksilver: but pnigites, sorry, and others, black; earth of eretria, and Melos is of an Ash colour; the sapphir and cyaneous, of a Sky colour; the emerald and chrysocolla, Green, and vitriol; ochre is Muddy; gold Yellow; the sarda and carbuncle is Reddish; and these differ in intention, the emerald being very green, the chrysocolla meanly; some have a proper colour, as black lead, and copper; others imitate those of others, as auripigment, & ammochrysoes of gold, aspilates of silver; chalcite of brass, etc. some are of two colours, others of 3. 4. or more. Some have pellucidity, yet not earths, metals, or great stones, and those so properly called, except the specular, phengites, plaster; among juices, nitre, alum, vitriol, amber and most jewels; and of these many vary by inclination, as the eristalis from white to reddish; others are less lucid thereby, as the emerald, charchedonius, & the globous, etc. nitour, is in all kinds of fossils, as in the argentary chalk amongst earths; in all translucid juices, stones, and gems, and pure metals; some have only little Sparks, as misy: also amongst those things that shine, some represent the Species, as the emerald, carbuncle, cepites, cepionides, hephaestites and all hard stones, polished; and the obsidianus, a Shadow. The sapour is differing, some being Sweet, as the melitites, and galactites; others Fat, as the terra samia, and marla; some Bitter, as nitre; partly Salt, as fossil salt; partly Sharp, as lapis asius, and Spodes; some Bind, as rubric; others are Acid; some have a Mixed taste; as vitriol, etc. some yield a Juice, when rubbed on a whetstone, as the haematites and schistos, but jewels and stones not and the sapour of earths and metals may be Found by steeping them in water. As for the smell, that of sorry is nauseons, it's drawn out of some by striking with a stone or iron, out of others by stamping as sandaracha; or burning, as myrrh, gagates, bitumen, camphire, and metals by melting. As for other Qualities, some of them are hot, others cold, some moist, others dry. Some are Fat, as marl, sulphur, gagates; others Lean, as ochre, salt, sand stone, and almost all stones; some are Hollow, as some chalk, & pumice stone; some are Hard, as stones & metals; and others Soft, as spodos, and most earths; some are Rough, as smiriss, earth of Melos and tripela; some are Smooth, as many gems and pure metals; some are Heavy, and others light, as the pumice stone, gagates, and tophi; some of them may be Liquefied by liquor, as earths, salt, nitre, alum, copperess, etc. some by fire, as metallic fluores, translucid gems, flints, & metals; some are soon Mollified, as soft and lean earths; the contrary slower, as also metals & stones; & those that are mollified by liquours, are not by the fire, & the contrary; some are mollified by humidity as earths, & some by fire as sulphur; also some are Humected as earths, and others which are mollified by the aspersion of water; some of them are clammy and glutinous, as bitumen and fat earth mollified; some are Flexible, as the amianth, and metals; for the most part they are Friable, and very few Fragil, as the loadstone; some receive Impressions, as fat earths, soft, and moistened, bitumen, and metals; others that yield to iron may be Engraven, & some turned; some break when pierced, as flints; others hardly admit it, as the basaltes, and the adamant not at all; some may not be Filled, as the sapphire and carbuncle, but the tapaz may; and all may have Sculpture by the powder of smiris, except the adamant, which must have it done by its own fragments. Some may be compressed, as spodos; others not, as stones and metals; some may be Densated, as earth's fat and soft; some may be Extended, as the same; but the hard, lean and dry, not. Some may be Drawn out, as gold, silver, and brass, and stones not; some are Fissil, as the spectacle stone; others not, as metals; some Burne, as brimstone, bitumen, gagates; and stones, earths, and metals not; some totally, as bitumen, & brimstone; & others partly, as the spinus, and they all yield smoke; some may be Burned as all metals except gold, and others are powdered thereby as earths; some yield Fire, as the fierstone, flint, millstone, and crystal; others, not; some Move in vinegar, as the astroites and trochites; some Bubble in water, as certain earths; some Swim, and being broken sink, as the pumice stone, & thyreus. Some rubbed on a whetstone yield a juice, as the galactites, schistos, & haematite. Some colour metals, as cadmia; some impart their colour to other things, as chalk, black earth, silver, and earth of eretria, etc. some sharpen iron as the whetstone, & sandstone; the loadstone Attracts it; the the amedes Repels it, and amber attracts straws. As for figure, some are Round, as the thyites; Semi-spherical, as callai, astroitae; Cylindric, as the beril, and syenites; Triangular, as some gems; Quadrate, as the and rodamas; of Five angles, as the basaltes; Sexangular, as crystal; of More angles, as the pangonus; & some partly plain, as the specular, and loadstone, partly Convex, as the aetites within, partly Concavous, as some emeralds; some are like warts, as the myrmecias; like the curvat moon, the tephrites; the amiauth like hairs; stelechites like the trunk of a tree; belemnites, like arrows; chalazias like hail; the lapis judaicus, like an acorn, etc. some Represent the effigies of things, as the enorchis, entrochos, enosteos, leucophthalmos, aegophthalmos, lycophthalmos, astroites, and the achates of woods and rivers. They differ also in quantity, some being great, as marble, and gems small, etc. And some cure the pestilence, as the emerald, sealed earth, & armenian. The sapphir drunk helps stingings of scorpions, and sulphur applied, nitre drunk helps toadstools eaten, and vitriol; salt applied helps against many sorts of stinging, and opium drunk; some Stop bleeding, as the hematite and hieracites; some help the stomach, as the jasper applied, the aetites worn preserves the foetus; some move vomiting, as chrysocolla, armenium, and sutorie atrament. All fossils dry; but some Heat also, as alum, sutorie atrament, chalcite, misy, sorry, melanteria; others Cool, as earth of eretria, plumbarie stone, and stibium; some Soften, as gagates; others Harden, as plumbarie stone and stibi; some Open, as nitre, it's spume, aphronitre; some Shut, as samius after, and all glutinous earth; some Discuss, as the pyrites, molaris, & bitumen; some Cicatrize, as chalcite, misy, & fissil alum; others Diminish proud flesh, as rust of brass, and chalcite if the body be soft, and misy; some Putrify, as sandaracha, auripigmentum, and chrysocolla; some are of Different virtues; others of the Same, as chrysocol, and armenium; auripigment and sandaracha; the haematite and schistos; and sutorie atrament, chalcite, misy, sorry, and melanteria, and the first are strongest. Some also are Deadly, some by erosion, as spodos, cadmia, chrysocolla; & others by stopping, as gypsum, & the specular stone. Thus of the colour, Pellucidity, Fulgor, Nitor, sapour, odour, heat, cold, moisture, dryness, fatness, leanness, thickness, rarity, hardness, softness, asperity, smoothness, heaviness, lightness, liquidity, mollification, humectation, clamminess, glewishnes, flexibility, friability, sculpture, turning, filing, compression, densation, traction, ductility, fissure, burning, inflaming, motion in vinegar, swimming, juycinesse, tincture, communication of colour, sharpening of iron, attraction and repulsion of the same, figure, quantity, helps, and hurts of Fossils', by which they differ in general. Now more particularly.  
1. Earth's, which are fossil bodies, which irrigated by humidity, are first softened into a lutum, & with more moisture become liquid; and the matter of the fossil is a terrene exhalation, concrete with an adjunct aqueous vapour; and they Differ by the variety of exhalations, heat, place, & mixture & are generated betwixt stones, caves, veins, fibres, fountains, channels, ditches, and plains, etc. they differ in simplicity and composition, and its Light if aereal, Binding if aqueous, Sharp if igneous, and complex if more compound: the simple vary by fatness, leanness, rarity, thickness, or meanness, softness, hardness, as in a mean; and as smooth, rough or mean: and they are Fat, when being moist they are concocted by temperate heat; Clammy, when with much humidity, heat hath concocted them to a fat spissitude; Thick when the humour is mixed, & a dry heat hath condensed it by concoction, or cold hath condensed it; 'tis Light from air, Rough from an inequability of the matter; Liquability is from humidity first concocted, and after constringed by cold; & they burn, if having a fat humour; also the fat and glutinous being airy, make a noise in water, and the contrary. As for colour, they are white, black, luteous, red, purple, green, ceruleous, ash coloured, or fuscous: the compound earth is metallik, when a metallik juice spread on the earth doth combine by cold, and the earth is not changed, and it is like gold, silver, brass, lead, or iron; it's Lapidose, when a clammy and brittle earth are mixed, and heat hath concocted them, and it's saxeous, marmoreous, lapideous, glareous, sabulous, sandy, calculous, or gemmose; it's succous, to which concreat juices are adjunct, & they differ as salt, & sulphureous, etc. & the more compound are made of more. As for their taste, it's astringent, if cold constringeth it moistened in water, before much heat hath well concocted it, or an astringent humour being imbibed; but being relaxed with heat, it becomes sweet if humid; with more heat it's made salt; and bitter if more extenuated and elaborated by a dry heat; and it's acid, acerb, or austere, by such juice imbibed. The odour, if stinking, shows a metallic mixture, and the Fragrant are rare: if Fat it's good for plasterers, & husbandmen if solute; for potters if fat and thick; for fullers if fat & sharp; for Physicians if astringent, & then it's cold, it's hot if sharp, and emplastic if purely fat; for painters if Lean or in a mean, and for carpenters; and for barbers if abstersive. And in general, all earth cooleth, stoppeth, and shutteth; but in particular as to medicine, some resist poison, as the Armenian, and that of Lemnos; others Bind, as ochre, smopick and fabrile rubric, also earth of eretria, samos, chios, selenusia, and even all earth's: some Discuss, as the ampelite, fullers, and testae fornaciae; others Cleanse, as that of Melos, etc.  
2. Metals, which are fossil bodies, hard, that may be melted by the fire, consistent in their own nature, and malleable; their remote matter is vapour, and the proximate, sulphur and quicksilver; their common affections are, congelability, solidity in all, but quicksilver having an aqueous humidity, liquability, ductibility, having an aqueous vapour, well mixed, therefore gold is most ductile, ponderosity, being compact, but gold most; their taste is acute, being sulphureous; and they are all foetid in smell, but gold least, and all but it, are combustible, and they are 6 in number. Of these with their excrements, as to medicine, some altar the body as conservant, by a manifest quality, and are either Temperate as gold; or intemperate, and are either Hot and Dry 2°. as iron, and crocus martis; 3°. as the flower of brass,  brass, the squams thereof, it's rust, diphryges, and chalcite; 4°. as misy, sorry, chrysocolla and melanteria; or Cold 2°. as the filings of silver, its spume, lead, burned lead, washed lead, the dust of lead, ceruse, and plumbage: also some are Astringent, as cadmia, tutty, pompholyx, spodium, antispodium, and verdigrease; others Glutinate and cicatrize, as washed lead, and burnt brass; others Corrupt, as the spume of silver, and ceruse.  
3. Semi-mettals, etc. which are mineral bodies, near in nature unto metals. Of them, some are Hot and Dry 2°. as sinople; others are Cold, 1°. as stibium, and 2°. as quicksilver; some Bind, as sinople; others Glue and cicatrize, as stibium, and others Corrupt the body, as quicksilver, etc.  
4. Salts, which are concrete juices, and of all the chief, begotten of what is humid, with a terrestrial exhalation, adust by heat, but not decoct; and it's either natural or factitious, and both caused by the concoction of humours or exsiccation thereof, & it's marine, stagnatick fluvial, pureal, fontane, arenary, ammoniack, bituminous, montane, lignary or carbonary, or terrene; and according to qualities, red, white, rufous, purple, shining, croceous, translucid, odorate, sharp, dry, pure, adulterate, hard, soft, fossil, sweet, bitter, or florid, the Sarmatick which is pellucid is white; and the fossil black; that is Black that is made of wood, the spanish fossil is pellucid; the dryer, the salter it is; the ammoniack is unpleasant; the sodomine is Bitter, the Arabian is Odorate; the fossil is more Thick; the marine and lakish, less, and those are of thin parts that are made of salt water; the Sarmatick and gemm salt is Quadrangular, and the white indian is Piramidal. The tarentine was most used in physic, and the Humid for meat, but the Dry preserveth it longest. The Fossil is strongest, which is white, pellucid, thick and equal; and of the marine, the thick, white and equal. Of salts, as to medicine, some are Hot 1°. as flos salis; others 3°. as alum, salt, nitre; and some 4°. as vitriol; some Bind, as vitriol, and alum; others Glutinate and cicatrize, as alum, which worketh also by an Occult quality.  
5. Sulphurs, which are the fat of the earth, which is concocted by moderate heat, and joined together, having in it air and fire; therefore they are easily inflamed, especially Naphth, being more fiery and the flower of bitumen, as the luteous sulphur is of the rest; but Auripigment and Sandaracha arise of a fat and sulphureous juice mixed with a sharp earth, and when burned yield a certain sulphureous fatness, and seem sharp to the taste. It's begotten, where metal is, it being the Father thereof; it's quick, & native, or factitious boiled out of water, or with squamms of iron till thick, which makes the caballine, and it's of a hot and dry nature, citrine or white colour usually, dry, of a fattish unpleasant taste, and smell, of a different fatness, rarity, and levity, and the Fossil is usually dug up in knobs; and of Sulphurs, as to medicine, some are Hot as brimstone, parmacity, and sweet amber; some Bind, as amber citrine; and others Mollify, as asphalt, bitumen, naphth, and pissasphalt, etc. and some work by an occult quality, as bitumen, etc.  
6. Stones, which are dry fossil bodies and hard, which are not mollified by water in a long time, but may be burned by the fire, and may so be powdered; and the matter of those that are not perspicuous, is earth, having a mixture of what is humid, unctuous, & viscid; but of the perspicuous, that which is aqueous & humid with a mixture of a most subtle terrene exhalation, which is very dry, & caused by a mineral virtue, by heat persistent in a terrene matter and tenacious humour, and cold consistent in an aqueous substance, and terrene having its superfluous humidity pressed out, and that in divers places: and the colours, of the perspicuous, arise from much matter of water and air, which apprehended by the terrene is congregated and congealed, as in the crystal, berill, and diamond; of the Black, from  earth; the Red is when an incended thin fume is spread upon a perspicuous luminare; the Yellow from a perspicuous substance, with which is mixed a subtle terrene combust exhalation; the Sparkling and Ceruleous is caused by a lucid perspicuum, with a superinduced thin, and a mean aqueous incended vapour, as in the topaz, chrysoprase, & chrysolite; and the Green, as the emerald and chrysolite, though of a divers viridity, yet it's caused by an aqueous perspicuum with a terrestrial much adust. As for the hardness of stones, it ariseth from siccity, caused by heat evaporating the humidity, and a most cold siccity vehemently apprehending the humid perspicuum, and pressing out the moisture thereof, and so hardening, as in perspicuous stones. The porosity ariseth from the evil mixture of the humid part with the terrene. As for Gems, they are precious stones, and as to their colour, some are Green, as the emerald, chalcosmaragdus, prasius, berill, chrysoberil, chrysoprase, jasper, topaz, callaica, molochites, beliotropius, sagda, myrrhites, melichlores; others Red, as the coral, onyx, sardonyx, hematite, amber, and lyncurius; some Purple, as the amethyst, sapphire, jacinth, hyacinthizon, amethistizon, chelidonia, cyamea, and roditis; others White, as perls, paederus, asterites, galactites, galaxia, solis gemma, selenites, cynoedia, belioculus, epimelas, and exebenus; the Black are achates, absyctus, egyptilla, medea, veientana, baroptis, mesomelas, dionysia, piritis; others Crystalline, the crystal, diamond, galatias, ceraunius, iris, astrion, alectoria, enhydros, carbuncle, antracites, sandactrus, lychnites, carchedonius, alabandina, draconites, chrisoprase, phlegontis, syrtites, ermistion; the Golden, are the chrysophis, chrysolite, chrysalectrus, chrysolampis, ammochrysus, leucochrysos, melichrysos, chrysocolla, argirites, androdamas, chalcites, chalcophonos, balanites, sideritis, ideus dactylus, aethiopicus, zmilacis, haephaestitis, ostracites, and glossopetra; the Various are, panchus, olea, mitrax, droselitus, opalus, pontica, hexecontalithos, and murrhina. As for medicine, amongst stones some are precious, and alter by a manifest first quality; and so some are Cold 1°. as jacynth, sapphire, and the emerald; 2°. the ruby, carbuncle, granate, and sardonius, etc. and 4°. the diamond; others altar by a manifest second quality, as the bezoar stone, jacynth, sapphire, emerald, carbuncle, granate, sardonius, and amethyst, in amulets, etc. and some Occultly, as the bezoar stone, topaz, snake stone, toad stone, emerald, alectorius, chalcedonius, amethyst, sapphir, jasper, nephritick stone, and lapis tiburonum, etc. others are less precious, and alter by a manifest first quality, and so are Hot, as the hematite, fire stone, asian stone, thyites, smyris, and cleaving stone, etc. or Cold, as crystal, phrygian stone, and samian, etc. or Dry as sand, etc. others by a second quality; so some Bind, as the asian stone, naxeus, geodes, and pumice stone, etc. others Mollify, as the alabastrites, gagates, and thracian stone, etc. Some Stupify, as the memphites, jasper, and ophites; others are Abstersive, as the arabian stone, etc. some Glutinate, as the galactites, and melites; others Cicatrize, as the morochtus, etc. some Break the stone, as the lynx stone, jews stone, and sponge stone; others Retain the foetus, as the eagle stone, and jasper; some Provoke the menses, as the ostracites; and others serve as Annulets, as the selenites, amianth, and myexis; and some act Occultly, as the spongites, chelidonius, load stone, fishes stone, snail stone, vulture stone, merlucius, lyncurius, coral, gagates, eagle stone, crabs stone, amber, and crystal, etc. others Purge thick humours, as the load stone, or melancholic, as the armenian stone, and cyaneus, or lapis Lazuli, etc. here Note that waters flowing by any of these minerals retain their nature, as the salt, nitrous, aluminous, sulphureous, bituminous, ferreous, aureous, cupreous, and gypseous, etc. Of the aforesaid Minerals, some are Solar, as solar sealed earth, gold, solar antimony, amber, eagle-stone, carbuncle, chrysolite, jacynth, and ruby. The Lunar, are white sealed earth, all that are white and green, marcasite, alum, white coral, crystal, pearl, mother of pearl, amber, camphire, and parmacity. The Saturnine, are lead, antimony, marcasite, alum, auripigment, loadstone, and all terrene things fuscous and ponderous. The Jovial, are silver, tinn, tutty, alum, coral, jacynth, emerald, green jasper, and the sapphir. The Martial, are ostiocolla, salt armoniac, all things red fiery and sulphureous, the amethyst, diamond, and loadstone. The Venereal, are copper, silver, tutty, amber, beril, chrysolite, coral, corneol, calaminare, eagle-stone, emerald, lapis lazuli, and sapphir. The Mercurial, are quicksilver, silver, tinn, marcasite and the emerald; and as for their contraries, See the contrary Planets aforesaid, concerning Animals.  
Thus Reader, having performed what is promised in the Title, desiring thy health, I rest, Thine.  
R. L.   

Faults escaped in some few sheets.  
IN the book p. 1. l. 7. r. Cluna. p. 3. l. 21. r. cold. p. 6. l. 18. therefore, d. p. 7. l. 31 Faxus r. Tassus. p. 16. l. 33. r. help. p. 42. l. 37: magicians. p. 43. l. 5. helps scaldings. p. 81. l. 35. are hot. p. 105. l. 32. eyes. p. 110. l. 12. d. it. p. 118. l. 6. r. ribs. l. 24. d. spread upon bread with lime. p. 229. l. 22. hemlock p. 23. ●. l. 14. pani. p. 258. l. ult. in August. p. 281. l. 4. into. l. 7. wear. p. 297. l. 16. membrane. p. 301. l. ult. malleus. p. 309. l. 29. outward. p. 312. l. 22. rise. p 342. l. 26. d. it's. p 354. l. 4. syrup. p. 364. l. 13. aloeticks. p. 405. l. 25. be. p 433. l. 28. crisis or lysis. p. 459. l. 35. loss. p 466. l. 14. farfara. p 479. l 10. equina. p. 290. l. 39 magistralis. p. 512. l. 14. odorata. 513. l. ult. longè. In the second part p. 38. l. 18. balsam. p. 40. l. 8. rupeum. p. 54. l. 37. fume. p. 62. ult. new. p. 63. l. 8. Sardachates. p. 70. l. 33. lessen. l 40. if laid. p. 79. l. 2. it's own. p. 84. l. ult. from. The rest the Reader may be pleased to mend with his pen. A Direction for such Abbreviations as are used. P. place. M. meat. p. second, matter. N. name. T. temperature. V virtues. H. hurts. C. choice. Ib. a pound, unc. an ounce, drach. a dram, scrup. a scruple, gr. a grain, ob. obolus. an. p. aeq. a like. sem. half. 1°. 2°. 3°. 4°. in the 1. 2. 3. or 4th degree. q. s. a sufficient quantity.   

A CATALOGVE Of Authors, as they are cited in the Panzoologie, with the explication thereof.  

A.  
ABsyrt. Absyrtus.  
Actuar. Actnarius.  
Aeg. Aeginaeta.  
Aelian. Aelianus.  
Aesculap. Aesculapius.  
Aet. Aetius.  
Afric. Africanus.  
Aggreg. Aggregator.  
Agric. Agricola.  
Albert. Albertus.  
Albuc. Albucasis.  
Alex. Ben. Alexander Benedictus.  
Alex. Julius Alexandrinus.  
Aldrov. Aldrovandus.  
Alpin. Prosper Alpinus.  
Amat. Amarus Lusitanus.  
Ambros. Ambrosinus.  
Anatol. Anatolius.  
Andern. Andernacus.  
Anon. Anonymus.  
Ant. Mus. Antonius Musa.  
Apic. Apicius.  
Apollon Apollonius.  
upon. Petrus Aponensis.  
Arab. Arabum.  
Archest. Archestratus.  
Archig. Archigenes.  
Archip. Archippus.  
Ardoyn. Ardoynus.  
Aret. Aretaeus.  
Arnold. Arnoldus.  
Asclep. Asclepias.  
Athen. Athenaeus.  
Aver. Averro.  
Augustin. D. Augustinus.  
Avic. Avicenna.  
Auson. Ausonius.   

B.  
BAc. Baccius.  
Bapt. Fire. Baptista Fiera.  
Bapt. Port. Baptista Porta.  
Barth. Ang. Bartholomaeus Anglus.  
Banh. Banhinus.  
Begu. Beguinus.  
Bellon. Bellonius.  
Bell. Bellunensis.  
Bertrut. Bertrutius.  
Blond. Blondus.  
Bont. Bontius.  
Boter. Boterius.  
Bras. Brasavolus.  
Brendel. Brendelius.  
Brunsfels. Brunsfelsius.  
Bruyer. Bruyerinus.   

C.  
Cael. Aurel. Caelius Aurelianus.  
Cael. Rhod. Caelius Rhodiginus.  
Calep. Calepinus.  
Camerar. Camerarius.  
Card. Cardanus.  
Car. Bovill. Carolus Bovillus.  
Cato. M. Cato.  
Cay. Dr. Cay.  
Cells. Celsus.  
Chain. Chainus.  
Chald. Chaldaeorum.  
Cog. M. Cogan.  
Columb. Columbus.  
Columel. Columella.  
Column. Columura.  
Constant. Constantinus.  
Cord. Cordus.  
Crat. Crato.  
Cresc. Crescentius.  
Croll. Crollius.   

D.  
DAmoc. Damocrates.  
Demet. Constantinop. Demetrius Constantinopolitanus.  
Diocl. Diocles.  
Diod. Diodorus.  
Dionys. Miles. Dionysius Milesius.  
Diosc. Dioscorides.  
Diph. Diphilus.  
Donat. ab Alto mar. Donatus ab Alto mari.  
Dor. Dorion.  
Dubrav. Dubravius.  
Dur. Durandus.  
Durant. Durantes.   

E.  
ELluchas. Elluchases.  
Empir. Empiricus.  
Encel. Encelius.  
Epaenet. Epaenetus.  
Epicharm. Epicharmus.  
Eumel. Eumelus.  
Evon. Evonymus.   

F.  
FAb. Faber.  
Fav. Faventinus.  
Fernel. Fernelius.  
Fest. Festus.  
Ficin. Ficinus.  
Florent. Florentinus.  
Forest. Forestus.  
Fracast. Fracastorius.  
Freitag. Freitagius.  
Fumanel. Fumanellus  
Furner. Furnerus.   

G.  
GAdald. Gadaldinus.  
Gall. Gallorum.  
Gal. Galenus.  
Garc. Garcias.  
Gariopont. Gariopontus.  
Gassend. Gassendus.  
Gattinar. Gattinaria.  
Gaz. Gazius.  
Geopon. Geoponicus.  
Gesn. Gesnerus.  
Gilbert. Gilbertus.  
Gil. Gillius.  
Gluckr. Gluckradr.  
Gord. Gordonius.  
Grapald. Grapaldus.  
Griuner. Griunerus.  
Guain. Guainerius.  
Gyrald. Gyraldus.   

H.  
Hall. Haly.  
Hartm. Hartmannus.  
Heb. Hebraeorum.  
Hemelberg. Hemelbergius.  
Helmont. Helmontius.  
Heraclid. Heraclides.  
Hermol. Hermolaus.  
Herod. Herodotus.  
Her. Herus.  
Hess. Hessus.  
Hesych. Hesychius.  
Hices. Hicesius.  
Hieroc. Hierocles.  
Hieron. D. Hieronymus.  
Hippiat. Hippiatri.  
Hipp. Hypocrates.  
Hisp. Hispanorum.  
Holler. Hollerius.   

I.  
JAc. Olivar. Jacobus Olivarius.  
Joh. de Vigo. Johannes de Vigo.  
Jonst. Jonstonus.  
Jos. Michaël. Josephus Michaelis.  
Joub. Joubertus.  
Jou. Jovius.  
Is. Isaac.  
Isid. Isidorus.  
Ital. Italorum.  
Jun. Junius.   

K.  
KEntman. Kentmannus.  
Kief. Kiefer.  
Kiran. Kiranides.  
Kircher. Kircherus.  
Kusn. Kusnerus.   

L.  
LAnfrank.  
Laurenb. Laurenbergius.  
Laur. Val. Laurentius Valla.  
Lemn. Lemnius.  
Leonel. Leonellus.  
Libav. Libavius.  
Lib. Germ. Liber Germanicus.  
Linschot. Linschotten.  
Lonic. Lonicerus.  
Lul. Lullius.  
Lum. Ma. Luminare Majus.   

M.  
MAc. Macasius.  
Manard. Manardus.  
Marcel. Marcellus.  
Marian. Marianus.  
Marcgrav. Marcgravius.  
Mart. Martialis.  
Mas. Massarius.  
Matth. Matthiolus.  
Med. destil. Medulla destillatoria.  
Mercurial. Mercurialis.  
Merul. Gaudentius Merula.  
Mesarug. Mesarugie.  
Mes. Mesue.  
Minsh. Minsheu.  
Mizald. Mizaldus.  
Mon. in Mes. Monachi in Mesuem.  
Montag. Montagnana.  
Montu. Montuus:  
Mnesith. Mnesitheus.  
M. SS. Liber Manuscriptus.  
Muff. Muffet.  
Mundell. Mundellus.  
Munst. Munsterus.  
Mus. Musa.  
Myreps. Myrepsus.   

N.  
NEmes. Nemesianus.  
Nicand. Nicander.  
Nic. Mass. Nicolaus Massa.  
Non. Nonnus.   

O.  
OBscur. Obscurus.  
Ol. Mag. Olaus Magnus.  
Olivar. Olivarius.  
Olymp. Olympias.  
Oppian. Oppianus.  
Oribas. Oribasius.  
Ornithol. Ornithologus:  
Orph. Orpheus.  
Osthan. Osthanes.  
Oswald. Oswaldus.  
Ovid. Ovid.   

P.  
PAllad. Palladius.  
Pandect, Pandectarius.  
Par. Paraeus.  
Paul. Paulus.  
Paul. Ven. Paulus Venetus.  
Peiresc. Peirescius.  
Pelag. Pelagonius.  
Petr. Petraeus.  
Pet. upon. Petrus Aponensis.  
Philag. Philagrius.  
Phil. Phile.  
Philost. Philostratus.  
Philot. Philotimus.  
Physiol. Physiologus.  
Pictor. Geo. Pictorius.  
Pithag. Pythagoras.  
Platear. Platearius.  
Platin. Platina.  
Plin. Plinius.  
Pol. Pollux.  
Polyd. Polydorus Virgilius.  
Pon. Pona.  
Ponzet. Ponzettus.  
Porphyr. Porphyrius.  
Poter. Poterius.  
Propert. Propertius.  
Prosp. Alp. Prosper Alpinus.  
Psel. Psellius.   

Q.  
Querc. Quercetanus.   

R.  
RAb. Moys. Rabbi Moses.  
Ranz. Ranzovius.  
Reisch. Reischius.  
Renod. Renodaeus.  
Rhas'. Rhases.  
Rod. à Cast. Rodericus à Castro.  
Rondel. Rondeletius.  
Ros. Anglic. Rosa Anglica.  
Ruel. Ruellius.  
Ruff. Ruffus.  
Rus. Rusius.  
riff. Ryffius.   

S.  
SAlern. Salernitani.  
Salu. Salvianus.  
Savon. Savonarola.  
S. Barolitan. Sanctus Barolitanus.  
Scalig. Scaliger.  
Scap. Scappius.  
Schrod. Schroderus.  
Schwenckf. Schwenckfeld.  
S. Closs. S. Clossaeus.  
Scrib. Larg. Scribonius Largus.  
Script. de nat. rer. Scriptor de naturâ rerum.  
Sen. Sennertus.  
Serap. Serapio.  
Seren. Q. Serenus Samonicus.  
Sest. Sestius.  
Sever. Severus.  
Sext. Sextus.  
Simoc. Simocratus.  
Sipont. Sipontinus.  
Solin. Solinus.  
Soran. Soranus.  
Strab. Strabo.  
Stumpf. Stumpfius.  
Sylvat. Sylvaticus.  
Sylu. Silvius.  
Sym. Seth. simeon Sethi.  
Syr. Syrorum.   

T.  
TAgault. Tagaultius.  
Tarentin. Tarentinus.  
Tentzel. Tentzelius.  
Theomn. Theomnestus.  
Theoph. Theophrastus.  
Timoth. Timotheus.  
Tops. Topsel.  
Trag. Tragus.  
Tral. Trallianus.  
Trot. Trotula.  
Turneb. Turnebus.  
Tzetz. Tzetzes.   

V  
VAleriol. Valeriola.  
Varig. Varignana.  
Var. Varro.  
Vartoman. Vartomannus.  
Veget. Vegetius.  
Villain. Villanovanus.  
Vincent. Vincentius Bell●●censis.  
Vital. de Furn. Vitalis de Furno.  
Volateran. Volateranus.  
Voss. Vossius.  
Ursin. Ursinus.   

W.  
WEck. Weckerus.  
Weikard. Weikardus.  
Wier. Wierus.  
Wotton. Wottonus.   

X.  
XEnoc. Xenocrates.  
Xen. Xenophon.   

Z.  
Zacut. Zacutus Lusitanus:    

Authors cited in the Pammineralogie.  

A.  
ABraham. med. Lus. Abrahamus' medicus Lufitanus.  
Abulens. Abulensis.  
Accost. Acosta.  
Aet. Aetius.  
Agric. Agricola.  
Albert. Mag. Albertus Magnus.  
Alcas. Alcazar.  
Aldrovand. Aldrovandus.  
Alex. Ped. Alexius Pedemontanus.  
Alvar. Torr. Alvarus Torres.  
Amat. Amatus.  
Ambros. Ambrose.  
Andern. Andernacus.  
Anon. Anonymus.  
Anselm. Anselmus.  
Anton. Antonius Londinensis.  
Ardoyn. Ardoynus.  
Aret. Aretas.  
Aristot. Aristoteles.  
Arnold. Arnoldus.  
Avenz. Avenzoér.  
Aver. Averroës'.  
Augen. Augenius.  
August. Augustinus.  
Avic. Avicenna.   

B.  
BAcc. Baccius.  
Baco. Rogerius Baco.  
Barb. Barbari.  
Barth. Ang. Bartholomaeus Anglus.  
Basil. Basilius.  
Bauh. Bauhinus.  
Bayer. Bayerus.  
Begu. Beguinus.  
Berchor. Berchorius.  
Bicker. Bickerus.  
Boër. Boëtius.  
Bou. Bovius.  
Bras. Brasavolus.  
Brud. Brudus Lusitanus.   

C.  
CCaesalp. Caesalpinus.  
Caes. Caesius.  
Calep. Calepinus.  
Callist. Callistratus.  
Campeg. Campegius.  
Cardan. Cardanus.  
Cato. M. Cato.  
Caus. Causinus.  
Chain. Chainus.  
S. Closs. S. Clossaeus.  
Conciliat. Conciliator.  
Constant. Constantinus.  
Corn. à Lap. Cornelius à Lapide.  
Crat. Crato.  
Croll. Crollius.   

D.  
DIomed. Diomedes.  
Diosc. Dioscorides.  
D. Lond. Dispensatorium  
Londinense.   

E.  
ENcel. Encelius.  
Epiphan. S. Epiphanius.  
Erast. Erastus.  
Eustach. Eustachius.   

F.  
FAb. Faber.  
Fabric. Fabricius.  
Fallop. Fallopius.  
Fernel. Fernelius.  
Ficin. Ficinus.  
Fink. Finkius.  
Fierov. Fierovant.  
Florent. Florentinus.  
Forest. Forestus.  
Fornes. Fornesius.  
Fragos. Fragosus.  
Fren. French.  
Fuch. Fuchsius.   

G.  
GAl. Galenus.  
Garz. Garzias.  
Gebelch. Gebelchoverus.  
Gesn. Gesnerus.  
Glauber. Glauberus.  
Gluckr. Gluckradt.  
Greg. Nyff. Gregorius Nyssenus.  
Guain. Guainerius.   

H.  
HArtm. Hartmannus.  
Helu. Helvicus Dictericus.  
Heurn. Heurnius.  
Hieron. S. Hieronymus.  
Hippoc. Hypocrates.  
Holler. Hollerius.  
Horning. Horningius.  
Horst. Horstius.   

I.  
IOdoc. Jodocius.  
Jordan. Jordanus.  
Isid. Isidorus.  
Jun. Junius.   

K.  
KEll. Kellerus.  
Kesl. Keslerus.  
Kirch. Kircherus.   

L.  
LAcun. Lacuna.  
Langel. Langelot.  
Lapidar. Lapidarius.  
Lemn. Lemnius.  
Linscot. Linscottus.  
Lonic. Lonicerus.   

M.  
MAiol. Maiolus.  
Manl. Manlius.  
Marbod. Marbod●●u●  
Mauritan. Mauritanus.  
Matth. Matthiolus.  
Mercat. Mercatus.  
Mercur. Mercurialia.  
Merul. Merula.  
Minsh. Minsheu.  
Mizald. Mizaldus.  
Monard. Monard●●.  
Montan. Montanus.  
Montu. Montuus.  
Muff. Muffetus.  
Mull. Mullerus.  
Myl. Mylius.  
Mynsicht. Mynsichtus.   

O.  
office. Officinarum.  
Oribas. Oribasius.  
Orthol. Orthelius.   

P.  
PAncirol. Pancirollus.  
Paracels. Paracelsus.  
Par. Paraeus.  
Patrit. Patritius.  
Penot. Penotus.  
Perer. Pererius.  
Pet. de Osma. Petrus de Osma.  
Pet. de Spin. Petrus de Spina.  
Phaedr. Phaedro.  
Pier. Pierius.  
Plin. Plinius.  
Popp. Poppius.  
Port. Portus.  
Poter. Poterius.   

Q.  
Quere. Querceranus.   

R.  
RAb. Moys. Rabbi Moses.  
Rauwolf. Rauwolfius.  
Renod. Renodaeus.  
Rhas'. Rhases.  
Rhenan. Rhenanus.  
Rib. Ribera.  
Rich. Richardus.  
River. Riverius.  
Rod. à Cast. Rodericus à Castro.  
Ru. Rueus.  
Ruland. Rulandus.  
riff. Ryffius.   

S.  
Shall. Angelus Sala.  
Salmoth. Salmuthus.  
Sar. Saracenus.  
Saxon. Saxonia.  
Scal. Scaliger.  
Scheun. Scheunmannus.  
Schrod. Schroderus.  
S. Closs. S. Clossaeus.  
Scholar Salem. Schola Salernitana.  
Senn. Sennertus.  
Serap. Serapio.  
Solinand. Solinander.  
Solin. Solinus.  
Strab. Strabo.  
Sylvat. Sylvaticus.   

T.  
TEntzel. Tentzelius.  
Theoph. Theophrastus.  
Thevet. Thevetus.  
Thold. Tholdius.  
Tileman. Tilemannus.   

V  
Wales. Valesius.  
Vieg. Viegas.  
Villanov. Villanovanus.  
Vincent. Vincentius.  
Vitruu. Vitruvius.  
Untz. Untzerus.   

W.  
WEck. Weckerus.  
Wirtz. Wirtzius.  
Wittich. Wittichius.   

Z.  
Zanard. Zanardus.    

TETRAPODOLOGIA. Of fourfooted Beasts.  

A.  

Ape. Simia.  

Place. In Libya, Mauritania, and the Indies: in Caves.  
Meat. Apples and Nuts. Jonst. Herbs and Wheat.  
Name. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Koph. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jonst. Clunas.   
APe. Rhas'. T. The flesh is cold and austere, also it generareth bad humours. V Gesn. being baked and drunk, sc. the heart thereof in the q. of drach. 1. with Melicrat strengtheneth the heart, and increaseth its acrimony and audacity. It helps pusillanimity and the beating of the heart: it whetteth the understanding, and helps the falling sickness. Seren. The biting thereof is helped by betony drunk in pure Wine, or the rind of a Radish being applied. Sext. So the gall of a Bull: Avic. as also those things that draw out poison, sc. a cataplasm with ashes, Vinegar, Honey and an Onion; and the root of Fennell; or with bitter Almonds, and unripe Figgs, or litharge with salt. The Apostume thence is cured by lethargy and Water: and may be opened with Nigella, and Honey, the same also may be drunk, as also leeks. Ponzet. Beans chewed help the same, and Goat's dung, fod in Vinegar and applied, betony and plantain being drunk in old Wine. Tops. An Ape eaten by the Lion cureth his diseases. They are taken with heavy shoes, having gins in them; by breeches, or Lime water, imitating those that use them. Jonst. Also they are made drunk by Wine. As for the description it is needless. They generate about the vernal Equinoctial, and summer solstice, and bring forth two young ones, of which they love only one: They are friends to the Crow, & Coneys: to the Cock, Tortise, Torpedo, and Snails they are enemies, and troublesome to the Lions. They long remember injuries: they are very pert in the new of the Moon, and sad in the conjunction.   

Ass. Asinus.  

P. In Italy, France, Germany, Greece, and England, etc.  
M. Any food, so Tzetzes. Columel. Aldrov.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Chamor. Ason. The wild, Onager.   
Ass. Gesn. T. the flesh is of very bad juice, hardly concocted, hurtful to the stomach, and unpleasant to the eater; as also those of Horses and Camels. V The Milk is most temperate, next to that of Women and of Goats, next to it is that of sheep and cows. Archig. Philag. All Milk is bad for the stone, except that of Asses, which is of a most thin substance, and dissolving faculty. Therefore it wonderfully helpeth the swell and nodes of the joints, which are in Children caused by use of corrupted Milk, making them plain and smooth. So a Hemina thereof being drunk in the morning after walking by those that have the stone helpeth them being constantly used, and is excellent to preserve from the same. So Aet. Milk with Honey helps suppurated reins, especially that of the Ass, or Mare: cleansing ulcers, after which the acrimony being removed, to cause nutrition that of the Cow is to be taken in a double q. Milk from the Cow, Ass and Mare are most agreeable to the belly, but trouble it, so Diosc. It's most purged by the Mares, than the Asses, lastly the Cows and Goats, so Var. The young Ass groweth best when bred by Mares Milk. Plin. The sweetest Milk is that of the Camel, and the Asses the most wholesome, or effectual. The Milk of the Cow is the fattest, that of Sheep and Goats less fat, and the Asses least, and is therefore very seldom coagulated in the body, being taken fresh and hot, neither can it if Salt and Honey be added thereto; for the same cause it looseneth the belly more, having more serum and less of the caseous, or cheesy matter, so Gal. therefore it as also Mare's Milk descendeth sooner, being the thinnest of Milks; yet Pliny affirms the same of that of Camels and Mares. Marc. Plin. A little of the water being drunk, of which the Cow or Ass hath drunk, doth effectually help the headache. Plin. Vnc. Sem. of the dried brain of an Ass being drunk daily in water and Honey helps the Epilepsy in 30. days. Plin. The Ephemera fever is cured by 3 drops taken from an Ass' ear, being caused to bleed, in two hemina's of water; also the lungs burned drive away venomous creatures. Haly, being powdered and drunk it helpeth the cough, and shortness of breath. Plin. the heart of a black male Ass, being eaten with bread, helpeth the falling sickness; so the liver being taken fasting; so Diosc. Plin. so mixed with a little alheale, and dropped into the mouth, for 40. days together. Marcel. Plin. Being dry, powdered with stone parsley, two parts, and 3. of walnuts, and taken with honey, fasting, it helps the hepatick. Avic. The powder thereof with oil, helps botches, and chaps caused by could, with that of the flesh, which Rhas. and Diosc. attribute to the powder of the hoof. Plin. The old spleen of an Ass helps the vices of the spleen, most effectually in 3. days; so Marcel. Sext. The spleen powdered and applied with Water, causeth Milk in the breasts, Plin. and burnt helps the womb. Rhas'. The alcohol of an Ass' spleen, with Bear's grease and oil, mixed to the consistence of honey, and applied, causeth hair on the eyebrows. Their old reins powdered and given in wine, help the bladder, and restrain the flux of urine; so Plin. Marcel. and the strangury. Plin. The Ashes of the genital thicken the hair, and help hoarines, applied after shaving, with lead and oil. Osthan. The right stone of an Ass causeth venery, being drunk in wine or worn: so the foam taken in a red cloth, or enclosed with silver; so the ashes of the genital. Plin. The stones being kept with salt, powdered, and put upon drink, Ass' milk, or water help the falling sickness. The gall, as also that of the Bull used in water helps spots in the face, the sun and winds being shunned after the coming off of the skin. The blood helps the flux of blood from the tunicle of the brain, which Diosc. attributes to that of cocks. 3. or 4. drops of the same drunk in wine help quotidian agues, Plin. and the epilepsy if of a young Ass. Diosc. The fat maketh cicatrices of the colour of the body; so Plin. or removeth them. Also if old it helps exulcerations of the matrix, and in a pessary mollifieth its hardness, and with water is a psilothron, Rhas. anointed in a warm place it helpeth the falling sickness, so the marrow. Plin. And helps the Scab. The fat helps S. Anthony's fire: the leprosy and adustion by the sun; applied with goose grease, it causeth venery. Sext. It helps the fundament. Plin. The skin used prevents the fear of infants. The bones decocted help against the poison of the Sea hare, the ashes of the hoof being drunk for a month in the q. of two spoonfuls help the epilepsy. With oil they help botches, and the dry powder helps kibes, as also creeping ulcers. The suffumigation thereof hastens the birth, though abortive, and killeth if living. The ashes thereof with the milk, applied help cicatrices of the eyes, and white spots, or with women's milk. The white ring thereof prevents the epilepsy, as that of the Elk. The lichens applied with oil cause hair in a bald place; applied with vinegar it helps the lethargy. It helps the heaviness of the head, arising from any cause, the powder being used with vinegar. So Marcel. The flesh taken with broth helps the physic, and in Achaia many use it for the same purpose, so Plin. Marcel. The milk of Asses being drunk with honey doth easily and without hurt loosen the belly. Diosc. Ass' milk doth fasten the teeth, and gums being washed therewith, or the powder of the teeth: For it is not only harmless to the teeth, but helpful by the tenuity and abstersion. Plin. The old stones of a Ram being powdered and drunk in water, in the q. of an half penny, or 3. quarters of a pint of Ass' milk help the falling sickness, abstaining from the drinking of wine three days before and after, so Plin. So also the curd of a Sea calf, with Mares or Ass' milk, or the juice of a pome granat, mulled vinegar, of taken in pills. Gal. The milk, given after a bath helps the tabes. Plin. It helps the physic, being drunk warm with honey and water; also being drunk it helps the pain of the duggs, and with honey helps the purgation of women. It helps the exulceration of the stomach, so that of the cow: or three oboli of birthwort or agaric, drunk in hot water, or Ass' milk: with as much aniseed as can be taken up with three fingers, and as much henbane, it helpeth the orthopnoea. It is also commended against the cough, extenuation, spitting of blood, dropsy, and hardness of the spleen. H. Yet it hurts a weak head; and such as are troubled with the vertigo, or ringing of the ears: also it helps against gypsum, ceruse and sulphur, quicksilver, and costiveness in fevers. Being gargled it helps the exulceration of the jaws, and drunk helps the atrophy, and fever that is without the headache. Being given to children before meat, it hindereth corrosion. It helpeth the coeliack, and the dysentery with honey. Being drunk it helps the tenesmus, so that of the cow. It helpeth the gout in the hands or feet, so the Serum. Honeyed water therewith helpeth against henbane. It resisteth poison, especially that of henbane, misseltoe, chameleon, hemlock, sea hare, juice of carpathum, dorychnium, or pharicum, or curdling, being used fresh. Crabfish being powdered and drunk in water, or the ashes help against all poison, especially against the wounds of Scorpions being taken in Ass' milk, Goats, or any other, with wine. As also ruptures and convulsions. It whiteneth the skin in women, (therefore it was used by Poppea, the wife of Domitius Nero for that purpose, who kept many Asses for that use,) it extending the skinn, making it tender and removing wrinkles. The urine of an Ass helps gallings by the shoe, the itch, and scabbed nails. As also the leprosy and scales, or scurse, about the rising of the Dog star; so Plin. Diosc. Being drunk it helps those that are nephritick. Plin. The same with S. Katherine's flower helpeth all violences and suppurations; as also swell and impostumes. It helpeth ear-ring and moist ulcers. The urine of a young Ass applied with spicknard, helpeth blasting. The same thickneth the hair. Marcel. It helpeth corns, and brawny flesh. Plin. The fresh dung of an Ass being dropped into the ears with the oil of roses luke warm, helpeth the dulness of hearing. Marcel. The juice thereof, with squills pounded, and as much cows fat, being applied as a cerot, helps ulcers of the head, that quickly do arise. Diosc. Both the dung of Asses and Horses, whether crude or burned, with vinegar helpeth eruptions of blood. Plin. So if applied dry to the nostrils, or any other part, if fresh. Rhas'. So the juice with wine applied with cotton. A plaster thereof applied to the forehead helpeth fluxions. Diosc. Their dry dung when at grass, dissolved in wine and drunk, helpeth against the bitings of the Scorpion. Plin. The ashes of the dung drunk in wine help the coeliack, and those troubled with the dysentery. And if of one newly brought forth, being given with mulled vinegar, it helps the vices of the spleen also. The decoction mightily helpeth the colon. The quantity of a bean being taken in wine helpeth the jaundice in three days; so also that of a young colt. The ashes of an Ass' dung applied with butter helpeth the eruptions of phlegm. The membrane of the young, especially if a male, being smelled to helpeth the falling sickness. Plin. The wild Ass T. is of worse nourishment than the common. Gal. The flesh is like that of the hart, bull, or sheep, causing an evil juice, and being hardly concocted. Plin. V The milk and bones, are more effectual against poisons. The stone which ariseth out of the urine when killed helpeth impostumes: The same being worn by women helps suppurations. The gall doth assuage the signs of abscesses, being applied: Also it is mixed with plasters against S. Anthony's fire, which it is affirmed to cure, especially it cureth the elephantiasis, and varices: The fat with oil of costus, helpeth the pain of the reins and back, which are caused by thick humours: And the spots of the skin. so Avic. The flesh helpeth against the pain of the back bone, and hips, so Rhas. Avic. The flesh applied with oil, sc. that of the back, helpeth aching parts; so Avic. Gal. Avic. The urine breaketh the stone in the bladder. Vincent. Bell. The ashes of the hooves burned help the falling sickness, therefore mixed with oil it dissolveth botches, and the alopecia in cataplasms. Rhas'. The marrow anointed cureth the gout, and easeth the pain. The dung mixed with the yolk of an egg, and applied to the forehead, stoppeth the flux of blood, and with a Bull's gall curleth the hair. Being drunk when dry with wine it is very effectual against the hurt of Scorpions. Gal. Aldrovand. The flesh of Asses being eaten, doth infatuate, making the eater like, both in body and mind, all meats altering the temperature, and nature, and the manners naturally following the temperature of the body. As for medicine, there is scarce any other creature yields more remedies. The milk sucked out of the teats helps the tabes. Aelian. The flesh helpeth the tabes. Marcel. The hooves serve to catch fish with. Apollon. The urine of an Ass helpeth the luxation of the uvula, and the quinsey, being given very hot. Tarentin. The dung of an Ass with the juice of Coriander, and fine flower made into a past, is very good to catch Ruffs and Perches with. Aldrovand. Aelian. The flesh of the wild Ass is bitter. Scalig. The flesh when boiled continueth long hot, and stinketh, and being cold neither stinketh, or tasteth well. Pol. They are taken by hunting on horseback, till tired. Jonst. Hart. in Prax. The blood used behind the ears is very good against the mania; a clean linen cloth being dipped into the same, and dried is used, a part thereof being steeped in spring water: The same Aelian. affirmeth of the flesh. The lichen burned, powdered and applied with old oil, is so strong in the producing of hair, that it will cause it even on the chins of women. Savon. The urine helpeth the stench of the nostrils. The Ass also is used to carry burdens, to blow, etc. The shanks serve to make pipes of. And the chalked skin for a palimpsestus, serving in stead of a table book: of the hair, the Arabians make a certain cloth. As for their differences and kinds, some are great, some little, some swift, and some slow etc. They are all libidinous, and bear hatred to the bird called aegithus, usually pecking the galled places of their backs, as also to the si●ken, and to hemlock amongst plants. They have a sympathy with the Scorpion and vine, and live usually 30. years. Their noise is unpleasant called braying. Their diseases are catarrhs, and the boulimie, they fear the water, yet are very thirsty. Their generation is like that of the horse. There are divers other things concerning their moral & divine use, etc. which may be seen in Gesner. and Aldrovandus etc. But neither concerning meat or medicine, they are here omitted, and left to the further search of those that love frivolous and impertinent curiosities. Schrod. The Ass is a melancholic beast, and bringeth forth the young in twelve months. The hoof is used in stead of that of the elk, and is given for a month together, in the quantity of drach. sem. Outwardly it helps kibes, with oil; it consolidats clefts, discusseth apostumes, and helps wefts of the eyes with women's milk, the epilepsy also, and hysterick passion is helped by the savour thereof when burned. The blood causeth sweat, helpeth the unruliness of melancholy, and diseases from inchauntments, etc. As for the description it is needless, the beast being well known.   

Badger. Taxus.  

P. In the Mountains of Italy, Helvetia, and England.  
M. Of hornets, worms, apples, grapes, coneys and birds.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Tesson. Faxus. Daxus. Melo.   
Badger. Platin. T. in Italy and Germany they are used in meat, and are by some much commended, some boil them with pears: they as also dormice, are not in quality much unlike the porcupine. Savon. Assimulateth them to the wild Hog. Gesn. V Seren. The ashes thereof, as also of eggs, or Snails, help the spitting of blood from the breast. Plin. The decoction, as also of the Cuckoo & Swallows, drunk helps the bitings of a mad dog. The blood with salt being dropped into the horns of  keepeth them from the plague and mortality, so Brunsfels. The liquor distilled from the blood helpeth against the plague. MS. The fresh blood mixed with Armenian earth, saffron, and tormentil, being powdered and kept, and taken in the quantity of a bean, with the fourth part of a golden denarius filled, preserveth from the plague: also crowfoot or spearewort may be applied under the botch. Car. Bovill. The dry blood being powdered doth wonderfully help the leprosy. Bras. The fat doth mightily mollify. Silu. It is betwixt that of a Bull or Hogge, so that of a Dog or Cat being more thick than that of a Hog, and thinner than that of Bulls: and some think them more heating and digesting than the other two. Seren. It helpeth against fevers, and too much heat of the body. Aesculap. Being applied it helps those that are feverish. Albert. It helpeth the pain of the reins. Some also use it against the Nephritick pain, stone, and other aching parts. Agric. Applied or used in a clyster it helpeth the pain of the reins. Leonel. The fat, as also that of the Fox, and wild Cat, is used by some, in arthritick remedies. Farrier's use it with Dog's grease to mollify contracted sinews. Aesculap. The brain boiled with oil cureth all griefs. Plin. The liver with water, helpeth the stinking of the mouth. Aesculap. The testicles boiled with honey cause lust. Albert. The biting is sometimes venomous, feeding upon venomous creatures, though Arnold. thinks that the hurt is more by the biting than by the poison, as also of the Lynx, and Cat, etc. Jonst. The fat helpeth the rifts of the dugs. Weck. The oil helpeth contracted parts. Car. Bovill. The dry blood helpeth the leprosy. The same distilled with salt, and the horns of living creatures, is used in the plague. Lonicer distils it only in the dog days, the D. is drach. 2. Albert. The brain, testicles, tooth, or left foot, tied to the arm helps the memory; which is frivolous. The skins serve to make garments, and dogs collars of. As for its Description it may be omitted, the beast being common. The generation is like that of a Fox, to which he is an enemy he turning him out of doors, by defiling his habitation. He hath a thick skin, tender nose, and one foot shorter than the other. They are either tame or wild; doggish, or porcine, so Schrod.   

Bear. Vrsus.  

P. In Germany, Lithuania, Polonia and Norway, etc.  
M. Of any thing, also woodsorrel, and wake robin.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Dob. Arab. Dub. Chald. Duba.   
Bear. Albert. T. is very cold, moist and pituitous. Rhas'. The flesh is mucous, hard of concoction, and not praise worthy: Isaac. Also very viscous, and of very bad nutriment, rather fit for Physic, than food. H. It hurteth the liver and spleen, engendereth many excrements, and causeth nauseousness; so Platin. The flesh boiled when they lie hid, and kept increaseth; so Theoph. The fore-feets are very sweet and pleasant being in motion, and are a dish for the Gentry, so Her. in Germany. Also the fore feet being salted and hung in the chimney and eaten, are very pleasant. V Plin. Bears blood discusseth apostumes in any part of the body, Gal. and concocteth abscesses, as also that of Goats. The blood helpeth hairs that grow in the eyes. The fat is used in stead of the foxes. Sylu. Of fat's the Lions is the hottest and driest, next, that of the Pardal, than the Bears, and after the Bulls. The later Physicians mix Bears fat in Medicines that help convulsions and resolutions, and acopons. Marcel. It taketh away spots and blueness. Plin. With Lily roots it helps burning, so also used with Wax. It mollifieth and suppurateth hard tumors. Plin. It helpeth the pain of the loins, and whatsoever hath need of emollition. It helpeth the erysipelas, especially that of the reins: this as also that of the Fox, or Bull with vine Ashes, and boiled with lie, doth attennuate all high tumors: a soap also is thus made, serving for the same purpose. With red lead it cureth ulcers in the legs. Marcel. So with Alumme: Plin. Also kibes, and clefts in the feet. Diosc. It helps Chilblains. Rhas'. The fine powder of the spleen of an ass, with Bear's grease and Oil, mixed to the thickness of Honey causeth hair to grow on the eye brows. Diosc. Avic. Bear's grease helps the alopecia; so with the burned head of an hare and vinegar. Gal. Also with the ashes of a mouse, or used after rubbing with fig leaves, or with the ashes of an hedgehog. Rhas'. So with the gall and a little pepper. Plin. Marcel. Seren. Also with oak balls. Plin. Or wild roses. Gal. Or ashes of the root of a reed. Marcel. or with ashes of barley, the part being first rubbed with a sharp Onion. Sext. With laudanum and old wine it helpeth the falling off of the hair, and maketh it more thick. So Marcel. Plin. So with Maidenhair, or the sout of Lamps, with wine it helpeth scurf; and with the ashes of a Lizard it helps the alopecia, and with the oil of Myrtle. Plin. So with salt and a stamped Onion, also it is used in divers other prescripts, used by Galen, in his composition of remidies, Sec. Loc. Marcel. The grease with that of a Bull and wax an. Is very good against swell behind the ears, Plin. Also some add hypocystiss. Se●en. also it helpeth the pain of the jaws: Plin. and neck as also flatulencies caused by crude phlegm, and the pain of the back; and loins: Marcel. so with the stamped root of gladiol, and live brimstone. Plin. applied with nettle seed, and old oil it helps diseases of the joints; and gout: Marcel. So with that of a Bull and Wax, an. Plin. to which some add hypocistiss, and galls. Heraclid. The ashes of the hairs of the Bear mixed with their grease help the alopecia. Soran. with the leaves and roots of reeds burned, the burned hairs of the Ass, Maidenhair, tar, the hair of Goats burned, the rosin of Cedar, and Bears grease, an. mixed and applied, may the alopecia be cured. Aet. The skin is useful to those that are bitten by a mad Dog, or that of a Sea Calf. Plin. The brain is poisonsome; so that of a Cat. Rhas'. The left eye of a Bear dried, and hanged about the necks of Children, preventeth the fears in their sleep. Aesculap. The eye bound to the left arm of a Man helpeth the quartan ague. Diosc. The Lungs of a Hogg, lamb, or Bear applied, defend gallings by the shoes, from inflammation: which Gal. affirmeth of the two former. Physiol. the gall of a Bear separated from the liver, and dried may be kept two years: Diosc. it's less effectual (though, serving for the same purposes) than the Bulls; or Goats, so Gal. Seren. Bears gall drunk in warm water helpeth the body though almost frozen. Damoc. drunk 3 days fasting it helpeth those that are bitten by a mad Dog. Plin. this as also that of a Boar helpeth apostumes in any parts and spots in the face. Marcel. it cureth cankers, that are about ulcers: which Plin. affirmeth of the curd of an hare being applied, & gangrenes. Marcel. it helpeth the leprosy being applied every day, Rhas. being anointed with the fat, & being applied with a little pepper it helpeth the alopecia. Marcel. the gall is good against the pains of the joints, Diosc. in a lohoch it helpeth the epilepsy. Sext. so taken in warm water: it is also commended by Arnoldus. Physiol. it is hot and dry, & helpeth the palsy. Plin. applied it helpeth suffusions of the eyes. Marcel. with that of a hyen and Honey mixed, it helpeth the dimness of the sight, being constantly used. Gal. It helpeth rotten teeth & the toothache being applied. Sext. being drunk in hot water, it helpeth shortness of breath, in a few days, so Marcel. Plin. drunk in water it openeth the parts for respiration. Rhas'. gr. 6. being drunk with Honey and hot water help the Asthma. Plin. with Honey it helpeth the cough. Gal. Sec. Loc. there is an antidote made thereof against the hardness of the Liver. The q. of a Greek bean helpeth the jaundice, drinking water after it. So Gal. Eupor. Aet. a pessary thereof, as also of that of a Lion, or Hyena, or Bull sc. of the vesicle filled with the narde ointment, Flowerdeluce, Rosate, and Honey an. melted together on coals helpeth the conception, being used after the purgation of the menses, before copulation. Rhas'. the Gall being bound upon the left thigh, causeth strength in venery without damage. Plin. with fat it helpeth the vices of the fundament; some add the spume of silver, and frankincense. Rhas'. gr. 6. drunk with Honey and hot water help the Hemorrhoids. Plin. the testicles help the falling sickness. Myrepsus, maketh a suffumigation thereof with other things against the Epilepsy. Marcel. the Milk as also that of a bitch when fresh dropped into the ears, helpeth the pain thereof: as for the remedies against the bitings of a Bear, as also of Lions and Panthers, see in that of Lions. As for the description, it may be omitted the beast being common. They are very venereous, and copulate in February, or beginning of Winter, after the manner of rationals, they go 30. days, and bring forth 5. young sometimes, they are enemies to the Sea Calf, Horse, Boar, and the dead, their noise is terrible. Having eaten the apples of Mandrakes, they eat pismires. When wounded, they feed on dry herbs. As for the differences, they are great, or little, black, or white. Jonst. Bear's blood killeth fleas. Their fat is used in the weapon salve, some use the skin for garments and cover, as also to seem terrible in war Pallad. The grease preserveth iron tools in Winter: Mizald. and vines. Schrod. the fat doth heat, resolve, mollify, and discuss. Being anointed on the os sacrum it helpeth the Enterocele, and falling down of the womb. Also it maketh hair white. In Finlandia the Rustics use the dried Gall, in stead of a Panacea.   

Beaver. Castor.  

P. It's an amphibion: in Helvetia, Russia, and Prussia, etc.  
M. Fish, fruits, and barks of Trees.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Fiber. Arab. Albednester. Canis Ponticus.   
Beaver. Gesn. T. the flesh is bitter. Albert and all abominated, except the tail. Some boil it first, and then roast it, or fry it, in open vessels, that the stinking smell thereof may evaporat. The tail and hinder legs are sweet, tender and fat, like the tuny, having a solid and certain tenaceous fatness: in taste almost like the Eel. Gluttons desire much the membrans that are betwixt the toes, being betwixt fish and flesh, and they are therefore used in the time of fasting. Some roast the tail and casting a little Ginger thereon, serve it to the table, others boil it and season it with some thick broth. Schrod. V The fat is peculiar to the nervous parts and womb; also it helpeth the falling sickness, convulsions and resolutions of the parts, and the apoplexy, etc. The Castor, or testicles, being taken out and well cleansed, are dried and so kept, hung up in some shadowy place, and last 7. years. It is adulterated sometimes with gum ammoniack, kneaded with Castor, and the Castor's blood, and so put into little bladders and dried. As also by the reins thus used: yet it may be thus discovered; the light testicles arising both from one beginning: also the adulterine are greater, and the genuine are of a strong and unpleasant smell, and of a strong, sharp, biting, and bitter taste, and of a brittle substance; besides, that is bad also, which is black and mouldy. As for the virtues of Castor, T. it is hot 3°. & dry 2°. it attenuats, opens, and discusseth flatulency. V It strengtheneth the nervous parts, and head. It awakeneth the dull animal spirits, resisteth poison, provoketh sneezing, is anodyne, & provoketh the terms: therefore it is good in the lethargy, apoplexy, epilepsy, palsy, vertigo, trembling of the joints, defluxions to the same, strangulation of the womb, and colic being used both inwardly and outwardly: also it helpeth the ringing of the ears, difficulty of hearing, and pain of the teeth being dropped into the same. In the suffocation of the womb, it may be used to the nostrils, bound to the armpits, or put into the Navel: also it correcteth the virulency of opium. The skin being dressed and worn helpeth the gout and palsy. The D. of the extract is from gr. 5. to 12. Gesn. Plin. The skin of a beaver being burned with tar to ashes, and mixed with the juice of a leek stoppeth bleeding at the Nose. Plin. The urine resisteth poison, and is put into antidotes. Gesn. The Gall is very useful: and the curd helpeth the falling sickness; so that of the Sea Calf. Castorium drunk in mulled water q. drach. 2. looseneth the belly: it is of very thin parts, and best for cold and moist bodies. The suffumigation helpeth the affections of the Lungs, and head, if without a Fever. It helpeth scirrhous dispositions. It helpeth against poison, as of the Chameleon drunk in vinegar, etc. And of the Scorpion in Wine, and the common and field Spider in mulse, causing them to be evacuated by vomiting, also against Lizards, and the cerastes and prester with panax, or rue and wine, and other Serpents in wine, and against misselto, drach. 2. being given in vinegar, also against aconite in Milk and Water, as also against white Hellebore in mulled water with nitre, so Plin. Avic. It helpeth also against the biting of small venomous creatures. Plin. scr. 1. sem. taken in unc. 6. of wine helpeth those that are infrigidated. Applied divers days with Honey it is a psilothron, the hairs being first pulled away. Plin. With laudanum it helpeth fistulas. Avic. It helpeth cold abscesses and malignant ulcers. Plin. It causeth sleep with oil of roses and sowsennell, the head being anointed therewith, and it drunk in Water, therefore it helpeth the frenzy, and pains of the head. Avic. Applied plasterwise it helps the cold and flatulency of the head. Gal. So the fume taken. Hippoc. It helps the headache caused by the womb. Being given in unc. 4. sem. of mulled vinegar fasting it helpeth the falling sickness, which if often troubling, it way be used in a clyster, sc. drach. 2. being added to a sextary of Honey, Oil, and Water; but those that are presently affected, it helpeth with vinegar: applied it helps divers affections of the nerves, and other vices: or pounded to the thickness of Honey with the seed of vitex in vinegar, or risen Oil, as also against the falling sickness: so Plin. Also it helpeth the epilepsy, and other cold affections of the head, Scrup. 1. 2. or 3. being taken with the juice of rue, or Wine in which it hath been decocted, so Platear. Also applied it helpeth the vertigo, so reduced to the thickness of Honey, with the seed of vitex in vinegar, or oil of Roses: the same helpeth against the palsy, (and other cold affections of the head) Opisthotonos, trembling, spasme, vices of the nerves, sciatica, and stomach griefs. Diosc. Plin. Avic. Being injected it helpeth the Lethargy, and sleepy evil. So with vinegar and oil of Roses, or smelled to. Platear. As a sternuratory it helpeth the Lethargy, it moving and strengthening the brain: or boiled with rues juice, mint, and a little vinegar, and so applied as a cataplasm, the head being shaved: the powder also may be taken by the nostrils with the juice of rue, or the fume. Those that are troubled with oblivion, after sicknesses, as the Lethargy, or plague are best helped by hiera Ruffi, and Castor applied with oil to the hinder part of the head; as also drach. 1. thereof being drunk with melicrate after purging. So Aet. Platear. the wine in which it hath been decocted with rue and sage, helpeth the palsy of the whole body. The powder held under the tongue till it be dissolved helpeth the palsy of the same. The wine in which it hath been decocted being often used to the genital, effectually, with a cataplasm of the same helpeth the palsy. Plin. being drunk and applied it helpeth tremble, convulsions, spasmes, and vices of the nerves. With oil it helps the trembling, of the members. Gal. Yet it is to be used and applied where there is a convulsion, or trembling by plenitude, and not when dryness, or emptiness. Plin. The stiffness of the neck is mollified by Castor drunk with pepper in mulse mixed therewith, and Frogs boiled with oil and salt, that the juice may be drunk, so also it helps the opisthotonos, tetanoes, and spasme with pepper, so Plin. also with Honey it cleareth the eyes. With the juice of poppy it helpeth the ears: and stamped with oil, or meconium it easeth the pain thereof. Avic. It helpeth the difficulty of hearing from a could cause, or spirits contained therein, the q. of a lintel being dissolved in nard-oyl, and put in. Plin. it helpeth the toothache, being put into the ear of the same side, Hipp. so held in the mouth with pepper. Plin. being taken with a little ammoniacum in mulled vinegar fasting it helpeth the shortness of breath. Avic. It causeth thirst. Plin. Diosc. Avic. In vinegar it stoppeth the hicket. Plin. with a little ammoniacum and mulled vinegar drunk hot, it helps the spasmes of the stomach, Gal. so if by plenitude. Plin. Diosc. it helpeth against inflations, and pains. Avic. drunk with vinegar it helpeth the pricking pain of the belly, and dissolveth flatulencies, so for the latter with the seed of wild Carrot, and stone parsley, as much as may be taken up with 3 fingers in unc. 6. of hot mulse, for the other, with vinegar and wine. Gal. with oxycrat it helpeth flatulency, pain, and hickets, caused by cold and thick humours, or gross and flatulent spirits. Archig. it helps the colic Aet. 2. spoonfuls given in mulled water, and that of Aniseeds is also used, and is most effectual. Veget. farrier's use the fume for the difficulty of urine in Horses. Platear. Decocted in the juice of vitex and a little vinegar, and applied to the pecten and genitals in a plaster it helpeth the Gonorrhoea. Plin. being smelled to with vinegar and pitch it helpeth against the womb. drach. 3. being drunk with water and penny royal expel the menses, and secundine: Diosc. And the birth. the same drunk by men heateth the genitals, so Albert. against the secundine it is used with panax, or alheal: Gal. so with melicrat. Plin. beaver-stone being walked over by a woman, causeth abortion. The Diacastorium of Myrepsus helpeth those that are vertiginous, epileptic, apoplectic, paraplectick and resolutions. There is a plaster also thereof for the same. It is also put into oils and errhines. H. Matth. Pet. upon. corrupted Castor causeth madness and rage, a putting forth of the tongue, and Fever: the cure is by butter, and mulled water to cause vomiting sufficiently, sc. till the scent be gone, and then use Diamoron, the rob of lemons, or syrup thereof or juice of Citrons, else Coriander seed, Avic. vinegar and Ass' milk, or Philo his antidote. Jonst. the fore parts of the Beaver are hot, the hinder are very cold. Rondel. the suffumigation helps conception. The Gall causeth venery. The tail helps the wounds of the entrails. The teeth hanged about the neck are an amulet against falls. The fat taketh fishes. The skins are used by some to make garments of. As for the differences some are black, reddish, or mixed, those are counted Masters, these servants. They generate in the beginning of summer, and bring forth in the end of autumn, if they by't, they leave not till the crackling of the bones. They are cleanly in their houses, love their young, use their fore feet like hands, when bound in their body they put their hinder parts into the water. They gnaw down trees to build with, and draw them on the bellies of their ancients. Their cry. is like that of an infant. As for their description, they are of an ash colour, blackish on the back, sharp toothed, forefooted like a Dog, and like a goose behind, and tailed like a fish with scales thereon.   

Boar. Aper.  

P. In Egypt, Macedonia, and England. etc.  
M. Acorns, chestnuts, fearn, roots, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Chasirs. Arab. Kaniser.   
Boar. Cells. T. the braun is of light concoction, and the Domestic is the best. Also it is very strong and of much nutriment. Avic. Hogs flesh either Domestic, or wild is of easy concoction, quickly decending, polytrophick, and of a thick and viscous juice: Others say it is cold and viscous. Hippoc. The wild drieth and strengtheneth. Schrod. V The wild Boar is of the nature of the Domestic, but stronger in faculty. The fat thereof is used in the weapon salve, and to help the pain of the sides, mollify matter, and help the excreation of blood drunk in Wine or Vinegar, in which also it helpeth ruptures and convulsions, and luxations with rose vinegar, so Diosc. The tooth is specifical in the plurify; given with line seed Oil, or applied it helpeth the quinsey: the D. is drach. 1. The genitals and testicles help against the impotency of Venus. The gall discusseth botches. The dry dung drunk stoopeth the evacuation of blood, so applied. The Urine doth specifically break the stone of the bladder, and expel the same. The tooth is mucilaginous, and therefore doth sometimes congeal. Hartm. in pract. Some commend the water distilled out of the blood, with refrigerating and moistening plants against the atrophy. Gesn. the parts of wild beasts are more hot and dry than the tame. Plin. the brain of a Boar is good against Serpents with the blood, so against the botches of the privities. The lard boiled and applied doth presently consolidate what is broken; with Honey and Rosin it helpeth against Serpents: applied with the Lungs, it helpeth the galling and contusion of the feet. With Oil of Roses it helpeth night weals. Sext. the brain boiled and drunk with Wine helpeth all griefs. See the Sow. Plin. The ashes of the jaws of a Boar help phagedens the same help fractures. Vrsin. The tooth helpeth the cough. Diosc. The curd of a kid, lamb, bore, or stag etc. Are of like effect, and drunk against aconite in Wine, and coagulated Milk in Vinegar. Sext. the Lungs mixed with Honey help the ulcers and gallings of the feet. Diosc. the Lungs, as also that of the Sow, Lamb, and Bear help inflammations by such gallings. The fat helpeth drunkenness. Diosc. The Liver, fresh, dried and powdered and drunk in Wine helpeth against the biting of Serpents and Dogs: Plin. if old, drunk with rue in Wine it helpeth against Serpents. Nicand. So the fillet of the Liver next the Gall, drunk in Vinegar, or Wine. Plin. the Liver helpeth the lethargy and drowsiness. Sext. it helpeth purulent cares being dropped in. Plin. it bindeth the belly being drunk in wine without salt, when fresh. Sext. and helpeth the flux. Plin. The stone therein, drunk in wine helpeth the stone. See Sow. Plin. The gall as also that of a Bull, applied warm discusseth botches, or wens: which Marcellus affirmeth of that of the Goat, Plin. with Rosin and Ceruse it helps creeping ulcers. Marcel. being dropped into the grieved ear with a like q. of the Oil of Almonds, it helpeth it; also drunk it helpeth the spleen. Marcel. applied with fat it helpeth the Gout. See Sow. Plin. The testicles drunk in Mare's milk, or water, as also those of a Bear help the falling sickness: Sext. So with wine. Remedies from the huckle bone see in Sow. Marcel. the Ashes sprinkled upon Beer help the difficulty of Urinal, sc. of the Claws. Gal. Also it helpeth pissing of the bed. The dry dung of the wild, drunk in water or wine helpeth the rejections of blood, & the old pains of the side, and ruptures and convulsions drunk in vinegar. Diosc. with the rosate cerot it helpeth luxations. Boars dung applied and drunk helps spasmes, bruises, and wounds. When fresh & hot it is very good against the flux of blood out of the nostrils. Marcel. being applied with wine like a plaster it draweth forth any thing sticking in the body, and quickly healeth it. Boiled with course Hony it helpeth the joints. Plin. It filleth and cleanseth all ulcers except in the legs. The powder drunk helpeth the spleen and pain of the reins. The Ashes help the pain of the loins, and serve where there is need of emollition. Sext. that of the wild Boar and Sulphur being drunk in wine helpeth the hips. Marcel. so strained into Wine, and drunk, it cures the sciatica. Boiled with vinegar, kneaded with Honey & applied to the soles of the feet, or ankles, it helpeth the pains thereof. Plin. The urine drunk with oxymel helpeth the epilepsy, or in mulled vinegar. It helpeth the pain of the ears, and deafness. Marcel. It helps purulency being dropped in warm. It's to be kept in the bladder, or glazed vessels. Dried in the smoke, melted with Honey and dropped into the ear, it helpeth its pain and deafness. It may be mixed with the juice of Leeks, cyprine Oil and so dropped into the ears warm. Diosc. drunk it helpeth the stone. Plin. Sext. the bladder being taken helpeth the stoppage of urine. Gal. and helpeth the pissing of bed, being used 3. days together. Marcel. It helpeth the pain of the bladder, in man; and that of the Sow in women. Some say the urine, or bladder taken in beer helpeth the Dropsy. Sext. the foam of a Boar, with the fat being taken in about 3. pints after a 3d. part hath been boiled away, helpeth vomiting, and sleep. Aet. their wound is not to be cured by conglutinating but suppuratory remedies. Jonst. the Gall causeth venery. In the time of generation they set up their brissels, and some gnashing their teeth. They copulate in the beginning of Winter, and bring forth in spring. They are destroyed by aconite. They cure themselves with juy: and are taken by Music. They whet their teeth before fight, and love to relieve their crying confederates.   

Buck. Dama.  

P. Almost every where, in Parks and Forests.  
M. Of Grass, Hay, and Leaves of Trees.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Platyceros. Platogna, Cervus Palmatus.   
Buck. Platin. Aldrov. T. doth almost agree with the Capreol in qualities, and is of good nutriment, yet inclining to Melancholy. Albert. The flesh is cold and dry, and causeth the hemorrhoids, except used with pepper, Cinnamon and Mustard. Rhas'. Or with Honey, and galingal. V Diosc. the curd hath the same virtue with that of the Hare. The dung increaseth the hairs, with oil of myrtles. The fume of the tongue dry causeth Horsleeches to fall off. Rhas'. Albert. the dust, or ashes of the huckle bone helpeth the Fistula. So Topsel, also some of the late Writers prescribe the fat of a Moul, Deer, and Bear mingled together, to help the memory, being rubbed on the head. Muff. the flesh when young is restorative, that of a gelded Dear is temperate, without excremmentitious humours, therefore their horns grow not after. When young and in season they are a wholesome Meat, Having no bad juice of themselves; when old its dry, too cold and full of gross humours; But it may be corrected by Butter, Pepper and Salt.   

Bugil. Bubalus.  

P. In hot Countries. Italy and Europe and other parts.  
M. They feed as Oxen.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Jachmur. Buffalus.   
Bugil. Cresc. T. is of a Melancholic juice, and unpleasant taste, therefore it is not much commended. Albert. Cheese made of the Milk, is solid and terrene. V Rings made of the Horns, or Hoofs of them, worn upon the fingers, or toes, are very much commended by some against the spasme: Some also fabulously report that the same break in the time of copulation. Schrod. the extract of the Liver, is like that of the Bull's Spleen; but more effectual, the D. is the same; so Hartm. in Croll. Gluckr in Begu. Tops. Some Husbandmen burn the horns, or dung of their bugills, on the windy side of their Corn, or Plants, to keep them from Cankers and Blasting: their Horns serve to make bows of. As for the description they are of the kind of wild Oxen, but greater, and taller, thicker and stronger, than the ordinary. They fight with the feet like the Horse, and when angry run into the water. Lonic. Aldrov. the Urinal with Myrrh and Oil, helpeth the ears the dung helpeth tumors.   

Bull. Taurus.  

P. Almost every where, in all Countries.  
M. They feed on Grass, Hay, Leaves, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Tor. and Taur. Arab.   
Bull. T. Gal. The flesh of Goats is the worst, both for juice, and to be concocted, then that of Rams, and lastly the Bull's flesh: of all which the gelded are best, and the oldest the worst, both for concoction juice and nutriment. Plin. V The slough of Serpents with a Bull's skin helpeth the Convulsion. Gal. Rhas. the filings of the Horn drunk with water stop the flux of blood: Gal. and the flux of the belly. Sext. Aesculap. the Horn burned where Serpents are, driveth them away. Diosc. The blood discusseth and mollifieth hard tumors with Barley flower. Plin. being powdered and applied it helpeth impostumes, as also that of Bugils. Gal. it helpeth abscesses, as also that of Boars, and Goats. Aesculap. it killeth Serpents. Sext. Aesculap. Applied it helpeth all spots of the face. Applied hot it helpeth broken bones; so Gesn. Plin. being powdered it helpeth swell behind the ears. Some commend it against the gout. Used dry with penny wort it helpeth phagedens & fistulas. Gesn. the fat is in a mediocrity. It helpeth spots in the face, as also the Gall of a Calf, with the herb Cunila, sc. the seed thereof, & the powder of Hartshorn burned in the beginning of the Dogg-dayes. Sext. Applied with Rosin and Fuller's earth, it discusseth all hardnesses: Aesculapius appointeth Wax for the same purpose. Plin. With that of Bares and Wax it helpeth the swell behind the ears. With rue it helpeth the Morphew, Warts, Wens, and the Like, with that of a Hog and night shade. It helpeth the botches of Women with the ashes of Asps. With that of the Bear and Wax an. With Hypocistis and Galls it helpeth the Gout: some use it for the same purpose with that of geese and oesypus. Diosc. The Marrow is next to that of the Hart and Calf, next to which is that of the Goat and Sheep. It is drier and hotter than the two first; or sharper. Sext. Drunk in Wine it helpeth the tormina: Aesculap, or rather tremble. Rhas'. So being mixed with a fourth part of red rue, and Oil of bays; the hands and feet being anointed therewith morning and evening. Marcel. with that of a Dormouse and Hen melted, and put hot into the ears, it's very good for the same. Diosc. The Gall is better than that of the Sheep, Sow, Goat, or Bare; being of the same nature, but less effectual. It is drier than that of the Ox, and hotter. Mixed with Honey it is used in plasters, and Theriack remedies ourwardly, that are vulnerary: Rhas. As also in Malignant ulcers: Plin. Also other ulcers with Oil of Cypress. Diosc. And Phagedens. Plin. It helpeth Fistula's with the juice of leeks, or women's Milk; as also Phagedens. It cureth burn. Sext. It cureth the biting of the Ape. Marcel. It helpeth ulcers in the head applied with warm Vinegar, and hot Scabs with Nitre Wine and Oil: Plin. As also the Alopecia with Egyptian Alum. Diosc. With Nitre and Fuller's earth, it helps the Leprosy and scurse. Plin. In water it helpeth the spots in the face, the skin being taken off, and Sun and Wind avoided: also it taketh away Freckles. Decocted with the fat of Goats an. and drunk in water it helpeth the falling sickness. Rhas'. The stone in the Gall doth the same, sharpeneth the sight, and preventeth humours flowing thither. Plin. the Gall with the white of an Egg, serveth for collyries being used 4. days together in Water. Aesculap. With Honey and Balsam it helps the vices of the eyes: and the dimness and waif with mulse: Sext. And pain of the ears: Plin. As also with the juice of Leeks warm, or Honey if there be a suppuration, and stench being heated in the rind of a pomegranate: Diosc. Also dropped in with Goats, or Woman's Milk; as also ruptures: Marcel. So with Laserwort and Oil of Cedar. Avic. It helpeth the ulcers of the ear. Rhas'. 2. or 3. drops help the ringing of the same. So Diosc. With the juice of Leeks. Plin. It helpeth the teeth, as also the Milk of Goats. Diosc. applied with Honey it helpeth the quinsey, so Marcel. also salt vinegar and old oil may be added. Cow's milk boiled and drunk helps the dysentery, with Honey, and the ashes of the horn if there be pain; or else the Gall mixed with Cummin seed, Gourds being applied to the Navel. Marcel. Applied with a cloth to the Navel it killeth Worms. Diosc. It cicatrizeth the vices of the fundament, so Plin. and Avic. some use it to open the Hemorrhoids. Gal. Put into the fundament in a cloth it looseth the belly: so applied to the Navel of Children. Plin. So with wormwood: or lupins pounded. Applied from the Navel downwards with Honey it helpeth the pains of the scrotum, and genitals. Plin. It helpeth the pterygia dissolved in hot water, some add Sulphur an. and Alum. Marcel. With butter, the marrow of a Hart, and Oil of Cypress and bays it helpeth bruised knees. Avic. It helpeth the pain of the womb. Applied with new shorn wool it helpeth the purgations of Women. Some add Hyssop and Nitre. Plin. So the powder of Hartshorn applied, and Bulls Gall with opium. Hippoc. Being drunk with Wine in the morning fasting, and pills made thereof used, it provokes the terms. Rhas'. Given in water of coloquintida, it presently expels the birth. With Serpent's grease, rust of brass and Honey applied it helpeth sterility caused by Child birth. Sext. The genital of a Bull soaked in vinegar, and applied, causeth the face to shine so the glue thereof. Rhas'. That of a red Bull drunk by Women causeth a loathing of venery; yet the later authors affirm the contrary. Gal. The Horn burned stoppeth blood. Aesculap. The dung discusseth tumors, & hard swell. Sext. Drunk with hot water it cureth all griefs Applied hot it helpeth the Alopecia. Burned and cast upon Wine, or hot water it helpeth burn. Plin. Applied it maketh the Cheeks reddish being fomented with cold water both before & after. Diosc. The fume helpeth the falling down of the Womb. Plin. Marcel. The urine helpeth the Leprosy and Scurf. Marcel. And if old also the head, being washed therewith. Plin. With Goat's Gall it prevents what troubles Cattle. It helpeth running ulcers of the head, and Scurf with Brimstone. Diosc. Dropped into the ears with Myrrh, it helpeth the pains thereof. The fume as also of that of Man, helpeth deafness: with a third part of vinegar, and a little stolen of a young Calf, it causeth venery being drunk and the dung applied to the genitals. Hippoc. maketh a purgatory remedy thereof, for Woman that cannot conceive. Plin. The glue is made of the ears and genitals and is most excellent against burn. Avic. Useth it with vinegar and Honey Plin. With Lime it helpeth the itch: And ringworm, with vinegar. Marcel. So boiled with vinegar, and live brimstone, boiled to the thickness of Honey with stirring applied twice in a day. Plin. being dissolved it helps fresh wounds made by Iron. Avic. With Honey & vinegar it killeth Nits. Plin. The fabrile glue decoct in Water and applied, helpeth the teeth, being presently washed with Wine in which the barks of a sweet pomegranate are. Plin. 3. Oboli being drunk with hot Water help the spitting of blood. Marcel. It helps the colic. Being injected with hot Water it helpeth the dysentery and the dung of a Calf decocted in Wine helpeth inflations. Gesn. H. the blood is counted poisonsome. Gal. The antidote is vinegar, with vomiting. Such things also as hinder coagulation and are laxative, fat, and slippery. As also Cabbage seed, Calamint, Nitre, Pepper and Time, etc. Jonst. As also flower gentle, wild figgetree. Laserwort, Oil of Peter, Sowthistle, Bramble bush. Diosc. Yet the blood applied with Barley meal mollifieth hardnesses in the body: dry it discusseth impostumes in any part, and killeth Worms, and being applied it taketh all spots out of the face, notwithstanding it is dangerous to be taken, it presently coagulating and growing hard. If drunk the Symptoms are difficulty of breathing, strangling, stopping of the jaws, and tonsils. Redness of the tongue, and infection of the teeth, etc. Hereto may be referred the Bison: and Vre-oxe, whose parts though not experimented, are thought to be more effectual in physic, as also the bulls of Florida, called Butrones, the skin of which the Barbareans use against the cold of winter, and the horns against poison. Muff. Bulls beef except very young, is utterly unwholesome, and of hard digestion, the blood is extreme hard and binding as appeareth in the ground where they are killed, it glazing, it making it of a stony hardness, therefore they were wont to be baited before the slaughter, that violent heat and motion might attenuate their blood and soften the flesh; yet it's then fit only for strong stomaches, and hurts others.    


Calf. Vitulus.  

P. Almost every where, in any country.  
M. They are fed with milk.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Vaccae proles. Heb. Egel.   
Calf. Gesn T. In all kinds of living creatures, the flesh of the aged is hard, dry, and hardly concocted: Those of the younger are tender and moist, and therefore more easily concocted, except such as are eaten, as soon as brought forth; for all such are mucous, especially those which are moist in their own nature, as Lambs, and Sow's Pigs; but Kids and Calves, being of a drier nature, are better concocted and nourish; so Gal. They are to be killed 15 days after calved, and their flesh then is temperate and of easy concoction, also wholesome for those that lead an idle life, so Crescent. Therefore it is often used by the gentry; so Platin. It may be boiled as that of other beasts, and eaten with butter and vinegar; so the plux. The head is eaten with the brains and sage, at the first course, and is much better than that of the Sheep. The feet are eaten with vinegar and pepper: there are also divers other things taken notice of by Platina, Apicius, and others, which belonging to cookery, are here omitted, as belonging to the dypnosophistick art. V Plin. The flesh of a Calf keepeth green wounds from swelling. Marcel. New boiled and applied with vinegar to the armpits, it helpeth the stinking of the same. Plin. Applied it helpeth the bitings of Men, being so used for five days together: Cells. As also of a mad Dog; and Serpents, the broth being drunk, as also that of a Goose or sheep. Plin. The same helpeth the disentery and coeliack passion. The flesh eaten with birth-wort roasted, by women about the time of conception, causeth males. The Ashes with women's milk help filthy ulcers. The marrows of living creatures, mollify what is hard or scirrhous, either muscles, tendons, ligaments, or bowels; but the best is that of the Hart, then that of a Heiser or Calf: And that of Goats and Bulls is more sharp, and drying, and therefore are not used for this purpose. Also of the marrow of the hart or Calf may pessaries be made, to mollify divers evils of the matrix, and remedies to be applied outwardly: Also the marrow of the back may be used, which is more dry and squalid. Plin. All marrow, mollifieth, filleth, drieth, and heateth. Plin. It helpeth the dysentery with other things, and exulcerated wombs. Gal. They do loosen and discuss. As for the way of preparing and keeping them, see in my Isagoge phytologica, etc. Plin. The marrow of a Calf with a like weight of wax and oil, or oil of roses with an egg helpeth, the hardness of the cheeks: Which Marcellus affirms of the eyebrows. With coming seed instilled it helpeth the pain of the ears, and deafness. It helpeth the ulcers and clefts of the mouth, so that of the heifer. Boiled with a little meal, wax and oil, it helpeth the coeliack, and dysentery, being drunk. Marcel. So that of a heifer with meal and cheese. With suet it helpeth the running ulcers of the privities. Plin. The same in wine decoct, with water helpeth the exulcerations of the womb applied. Gal. Divers remedies are made thereof to mollify the womb being used inwardly or outwardly. Diosc. The fat is something astringent. Marcel. With salt it helpeth the lousy evil. Plin. And evils of the head. Marcel. Applied it extenuateth the eyebrows: Plin. So with Goose grease and the juice of basil, as also pains of the ears and deafness, so with the marrow of a Hart, and leaves of white thorn; with wild cumin and honey, it helps the sound and ringing thereof. Marcel. Drunk in water it helps the coeliack. so Plin. And the dysentery. With rue it helps inflations in the fundament. With niter it helps the swell of the testicles, so Marcel. Plin. It helpeth rough nails, and warts with salt: and the gout, as some affirm. Diosc. The curd hath the same virtue as that of a Hare, Kid, or Lamb. Plin. A little thereof drunk in wine helpeth the lethargy, which some affirm of the Sea Calf. The destilled water of the race with p. aq. Of sage and balm, helpeth cold parts, resolved or pined, being applied daily morning and evening with hot , wrapped about them. The water distilled out of the liver of a he Calf, with as much sage drunk by men or women, that have a hard swelling overthwart the bottom of the belly, above the privities, helpeth the same. Plin. The gall helpeth the leprosy and scurf, with the seed of cunila, and powder or ashes of heart's horn. Marcel. Applied it killeth nits. The stolen urine of man helpeth the alopecia, with showbread and brimstone, but this is more effectual. Being warmed it extennars cicatrices, with myrrh, honey, and saffron, to which some add the flowers of brass, which Marcellus the Empirick appropriateth to the eyes. being boiled with vinegar, with a like quantity of the slough of a Serpent, and put into the ear with a cloth dipped therein, being first fomented with hot water by a sponge, it giveth great ease. It loosneth the belly, used as that of the Bull, and helpeth the womb, to which some add oil of almonds. Plin. The spleen boiled in wine, pounded and applied helpeth the small ulcers of the mouth. Marcel. The glue dissolved in vinegar with a little unslacked lime, to the thickness of honey, applied helpeth the leprosy, being left to dry thereon: Plin. So boiled with vinegar and honey. That made of the genitals, dissolved in vinegar with live brimstone, helpeth the tetters of the mouth, used twice in a day. Plin. It helpeth broken ears dissolved in water. Plin. The fume of the dung helpeth those that are hurt by the Scorpion. The ashes with vinegar stop blood. Marcel. With women's milk it helpeth sordid ulcers. Plin. Applied fresh it helps S. Anthony's fire. The ashes, with the boiled bulbs of lilies, and a little honey, help the pains of swollen veins, and all inflammations and suppurations. The ashes with vinegar help warts. The dung kneaded with oil and gum, helpeth the skin discoloured in the summer time. Marcel. With new oesipus, honey, butter, and a dogs gall mixed, it taketh all spots out of the face. Plin, Boiled in wine it helpeth melancholy. Marcel. And when fresh helps those that are choleric. Plin. That of the male applied helpeth the dropsy. Boiled in wine it helpeth the inflation of the intestines. It helpeth late luxations, so that of a Boar or Sow. Marcel. And the joints: with the dregs of vinegar it helps the gout. With vinegar it helpeth the swelling of the testicles. The ashes with the decocted bulbs of lilies, and a little honey help the gout, and articular diseases. The urine when first calved, with that of a Goat, or Bull, and a third part of vinegar made to fume, helpeth the pain of the ears, and deafness. Jonst. The blood of a Calf, with meat cut small, being set in a pot for 10. days is a very good bait for fish.   

Camel. Camelus.  

P. In Africa, and Asia. India, and Arabia.  
M. Of rushes, barley, grass and thistles.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Gamal. Arab. Gemal.   
Camel. Gal. T. Aristot. Plin. Both their milk and flesh are of all the sweetest. Their milk is drunk with twice or thrice so much of water; yet some commend the milk only as sweet. When ne'er the time of bringing forth there milk is more thin. All milk doth obstruct, especially the liver, except that of Camels when great, and the Asses and Mares, so Avic. Also it is something salt. Being used it causeth freckles, or the morphew, sc. All but this. It looseneth the belly as the other two. It is the thinnest of all, and of a better and more thinner juice. It extenuats thick excrementitious humour, and frees from obstructions, by reason of its vehement heat, so Rhas. Also the flesh is hot and dry. V Gesn. One that is poisoned being put into the belly of a Camel or Mule new killed, is helped thereby, the heat thereof resolving the poison, and strengthening the spirits, and all parts of the body; so Ponzet. Avic. The flesh provoketh urine, yet some affirm it of that of the hart. The fat in the bunch burned helps the hemorrhoids by its fume. Hal. The blood dried helpeth the disentery, and long flux of the belly. Avic. It stoppeth fluxions: drunk after the purging of the terms it causeth conception, so Gesn. Though he doubts of the same. It helpeth the epilepsy: Plin. So the brain dried, drunk in vinegar, so Gal. de Ther. The teeth help the excoriations of the intestines, and hemeroides applied. The froth drunk maketh demoniac. Rhas'. The powder of the lungs drunk causeth blindness: Plin. The Gall drunk with honey helpeth the falling sickness, and quinsy. Marcel. Applied to the forehead it helps dimness of the eyes, some add honey and saffron thereto, and then it cureth excrescencies, and cicatrices there. Plin. The tail dried looseneth the belly. The hairs thereof twisted together and bound about the arm help quartan agues. Avic. The milk when they are newly impregnated helpeth the asthma, and shortness of breath. It helpeth against the dropsy and hardness of the spleen, as also that of the Goat and Ass. Rhas'. It strengthens the liver, openeth obstructions, leasoneth the hard spleen, and helpeth the dropsy being drunk hot, especially sugar being mixed therewith. Avic. The milk when first great, with oil of mock-privet helpeth the inward parts. Except the same, all milk is unwholesome for those that are splenetic, and hepatick, and those that want an attenuating diet: For this agreeth with most distempers of the spleen, and liver, and increaseth the same: Also it is very good in the dropsy, especially drunk with their urine. Avic. It causeth a good stomach and thirst, also it provoketh the terms, and helpeth the vices of the hemorrhoids. Haly, the milk of a Camel is a good antidote against poison. And it helpeth the decayed temper of the body, mollifying the belly. Some say the ashes of the dung, with oil curl the hair: And applied help the dysentery: And the epilepsy so much as may be taken with three fingers being drunk. Avic. The dung hindereth the marks of the small pocks, and taketh away warts; also it stoppeth the flux of blood out of the nostrils. The white dung powdered and applied with honey represseth tumors, and purgeth dry wounds, also it resolveth ulcers and schrophulas. The urine helps running ulcers. Plin. Being drunk it moveth the belly. Applied it helpeth dandruff. Avic. It helps the loss of smelling, also it helps the dropsy, as also that of a man. Matt. Some say that sal ammoniack is made of the urine thereof. Jonst. As for the description, the foot is divided, back knobbed, tail like the Asses, they are teated like a Cow, the genital is back wards, the buttocks narrow, and gall venous. They can abstain from drink 15 days. They engender backwards a whole day together, and go twelve months. They are enemies to the Horse, Lion, and Oxe-fly. Their diseases are the gout and baldness. They live a hundred years. They are revengeful, docible, love music, are bashful, and compassionate. They knee down when loaded, and carry about 600 weight. The Dromedary will run 100 miles in a day. Some are brown, some white as to their differences.   

Capricerve. Capricerva.  

P. In the Indies, Persia, & Peru and like places.  
M. Of a herb like Saffron, and Hermodactils.  
N. Capra Indica. Montana, Sylvistris, Pazon Pers.   
Capricerve. Jonst. T. The flesh of the last is not very pleasant, yet eaten by the Indians. V A piece thereof applied, presently helpeth the pain of the eyes, being applied fresh. Their stone called bezoar, Garc. applied to any bare part of the body, it preventeth the hurt by poison. The powder cast upon the bitings of venomous beasts cureth the same, and benumbeth the beasts being cast thereon; also it helpeth all poison and malignant fevers. It helpeth melancholy, quartan agues, the syncope, epilepsy, vertigo, stone, and killeth worms. And is more effectual for women than for men. The. D. is gr. 12. Of which see more in my Pammineralogie. The beast is about the bigness and likeness of a Stagg. Their hair is very fine, like silk: it helpeth when hot, and prevents the inflammation of the reins, therefore they fill beds therewith: It is said also to help the gout: sc. Of that called Vicunas, which may be here reduced.   

Cat. Catus.  

P. Almost every where, In all Countries.  
M. Of flesh, fish, mice, birds, lizards, rabbits.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Catul. and Schanar. Feles.   
Cat. Anon. T. The flesh of Coneys is like that of the Cat, both being sweet. It was used formerly in banquets, and is still used in other Countries, after they are hung out in the air, that they may be more tender, and sweeter. V Some count the Cat an unclean, and poisonsome beast. Plin. The ashes drive away Mice. Ponzet. H. The brain of a Cat causeth madness, being very dry, in respect of man's. And it so obstructeth the passages thereof, that the animal spirits cannot pass to the ventricles of the hinder part, so that memory being hindered, those that are so affected seem distracted. The cure is by drinking twice a month drach. 1. of the earth of Lemnos with the water of sweet Marjoram: Also spices are to be mixed with the meats, to recreate the spirits: Wine also is good and sometimes drach. sem. of Diamoschu dulce there with; yet a good order of diet may be sufficient. Matth. The brain causeth the vertigo, and stupidity, which is cured with much difficulty: It is to be cured by vomiting, and the aforesaid remedies, or drach. sem. of musk powdered & drunk in wine. Aet. The biting of a Cat is cured by those against that of a mad dog; But properly, honey, turpentine, and oil of roses mixed and applied: Or centaury applied with honey, also the dung of a Cock applied with the fat of the same. Some use man's urine with Goat's milk and origanum. Matth. The Hairs are poisonsome. The breath also is offensive: In so much that some affirm that divers having kept them in their beds, have got an hectic fever or marasmus thereby: And do therefore often carry the plague about in pestilential times, and offend many merely by their sight, whom Matthiolus supposeth may be cured by such remedies, as serve against the brain thereof. Gal. The flesh of Cats salted and bruised draweth out things fixed in the flesh. Their flesh is hot and dry, helpeth the pain of the hemorrhoids, heateth the reins, and helpeth the pain of the back: Which jac. Olivar. Affirms. Vrsin. The loins help the like parts: So Gesn. Although, the truth hereof may be questioned. Rhas'. Albert. The flesh of the wild Cat applied helpeth the gout. Anon. The blood of a Cat applied helpeth the sores of the nails, and killeth the worms thereof. Rhas'. The fat of a wild Cat, is of like nature with the flesh. Sylu. The fat is betwixt that of a Bull and Sow. Ms. The ashes of the head of a black Cat burned in a glazed vessel, and put into the eye with a quill, thrice in a day, help the haw, waif, and web in the eye. And if there be heat in the night, two or three oak leaves applied wet in water, help the same. Gal. The liver burned and drunk helpeth the stone. Plin. The same taken in the decrease of the moon, and drunk in wine after long salting, helpeth the fits of quartans: Which Sextus attributeth to the dung, hanged about the neck with an Owls claw. The gall of a wild Cat is very good against the wry mouth: The fume extracts the dead birth: So applied with coloquintida water, by a sponge, or put in as a pessary; so Rhas. and Albert. Sext. Aesculap. The dry dung applied with an equal q. of mustard seed and vinegar helpeth the alopecia. Plin. Some say that rubbed outwardly, it causeth bones sticking in the throat, to avoid, upwards or downwards: So sixth Plin. Also it helpeth the exulcerations of the womb: Which is affirmed also of the fat of the Fox and marrow of a Calf in wine, decoct in water with suet. Jonst. The dung with rosin and oil of roses applied stoppeth women's flux. A fat Goose being stuffed with the flesh thereof and salt, so gently roasted, yields a liquor good against the gout, or joint aches. They usually generate in Jannuary and February, making a noise, by reason of the heat of the sperm, & scratching of their nails. They go 56 days, and usually bring forth 5 or 6 young ones. They are enemies to Mice, Toads, Serpents, the Vulpanser, Eagle, rue, to their own gall, sweet smells, and moisture, therefore some use rue to affright them from Pigeon-houses. They love valerian & catmint. Their eyes increase & decrease according to the moon & shine in the night. Also they hid their excrements, and love their old habitations, which they will find out though carried away blindfolded. Schrod. The fat of a gelded Cat, heateth, mollifieth, discusseth, and mightily helpeth the diseases of the joints. Schwenckf. Three drops of the blood, out of the caudale vein of a boor Cat drunk help the falling sickness. The blood of the ear helpeth the shingles. The skin is woorn to warm the stomach, and help contractions of the joints. Some use the secundine about the neck, to prevent the distempers of the eyes. Obscur. The fume of the dung, it being applied also, expels the dead birth. Aldrov. The flesh draweth things out of the body, and helpeth the hemorrhoids and pains of the back. Querc. The distilled water of the urine helpeth deafness.   

Chameleon. Chamaeleon.  

P. In Asia, Africa, and India, or the Indies.  
M. Flies, locusts, beetles, the Ancients said of the air.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Murilacertus.   
Chameleon. T. Jonst. They are used for meat, being cast into the fire, and broiled. The skin being taken off, the flesh is very white, which being boiled in a liquor like our butter, is after eaten. V Trall. It is also used in Physic, sc. against the epilepsy being boiled in a new earthen pot, with oil: He also maketh an unguent thereof against the gout. Arnold. Aldrov. The tongue applied on his that is forgetful helpeth the memory. Some apply it to avoid the danger of childbirth. Marcel. The gall helpeth suffusions of the eyes. Plin. The heart in new sheered black wool helps the quartan ague. With the root of the herb of the same name, and hounds-tongue, it causeth silence. The liver dissolveth love: And the intestines and excrements, mixed with the urine of Apes, cause hatred. There are also divers other things affirmed thereof which deserve not writing. Gassend. The teeth are in good order, the intestine crooked, the excrement liquid. The liver slit, the lungs puffed up, without an inner rim in the lower belly, spleen, bladder, or reins: and tongue of a foot long. Peiresc. Kept some thereof to see their formation and eruption in which he observed a great number of eggs. They are enemies to the Hawk, Crow, Elephant, and Vipers. Celsus Saith that their mouth is always open. In the winter they lie hid like the Lizard. They are of the colour of what is next, except red and white; yet Gassendus affirmeth it not of those of Peirescius. Some thereof are pale, some black, and of other colours, as to their differences.   

Coney. Cuniculus.  

P. In Germany, France, Italy, and England, etc.  
M. Grass, trefoil, lettuce, sowthistle, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Schaphan. The young Laurix.   
Coney. T. Anon. Some count the flesh sweet and like that of a Cat. Platin. It nourisheth better and more easily; than that of the Hare. The brain as also that of the hare is commended against poisons. V Gesn. Marcel. The powder of a Coney burned alive in a pot, with the like quantity of costus, being drunk in wine, sc. one spoonful, and the jaws rubbed with the same, helpeth the quinsey. Sylu. The fat is betwixt that of the Bull and Sow; as also that of the Fox, Badger, and Cat, etc. It serveth to assuage the nerves, which is affirmed by Vrsin. Schrod. And helpeth the hardness thereof, and of the joints. It is a very fearful and prolific creature. Jonst. The fat in some helpeth the difficulty of urine. The description is not necessary, by reason of the commonness thereof. They generate in half a years time, or in a year, than every month, in hot countries. If one departeth from a place the rest follow. They chew the cud, are emulous, and easily tamed; they stop their nest with sand, that they may not be discovered, and go to them only in the morning and evening. Their difference is from their colour, magnitude, entrails, and place. Aldrov. Dur. Their flesh is cold initio primi, & dry 20. The fat helps vices of the urine, Wecker maketh an ointment thereof for the same purpose: the skin helps against cold.   

Cow. etc. Bos.  

P. In England, Scotland, Ireland, and almost all Countries.  
M. Of grass, shrubs, and leaves of trees.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heb. Bakar, Vacca. Junix, the Heifer.   
Cow. Gesn. T. The flesh nourisheth much, and the blood generated thereof is more gross; therefore it causeth divers melancholic diseases, in those that are of that temper, it is difficultly concocted, but than it mightily nourisheth: and compared with sheep's flesh it is cold, and causeth melancholy blood, but it may be taken with vinegar, garlic and rue: it is fit only for hot and strong stomaches, and those that labour; so Sym. Seth. Gal. The flesh is not moist, pituitous or tender; but hurteth much by reason of its hardness, and difficulty in alteration: Also it yields not a mean aliment, or that may be easily dissipated, but causeth too gross blood, and so hurteth those of the same temper, feeding too largely thereon: Causing cancers, the leprosy, scab, quartane ague, and melancholy, also swelling of the spleen, after which in some followeth a cachexy or a dropsy. The same flesh is so much thicker in substance than the Hogs, as that is more clammy than it. The young is best for young people, and therefore the swine's flesh being more moist than beef. Also beasts are fattest, and fittest for man's body when they go to grass, and after, are more lean and of worse juice: So those that feed on shrubs and branches of trees. The flesh of Hares causeth gross blood; but is of better juice, than that of Cows, and Sheep. Beife is of little and slow nourishment, being cold & dry, so generateth an impure and melancholic juice, and causeth diseases thereof arising. Isaac. Platin. It stayeth long in the stomach, and stoppeth the belly: Especially the old, the young is temperate of good nourishment & strengthening, so Cresc. Plat. Beife ought to be boiled. Celsus counteth it of the most nutriment, & fittest for the stomach amongst domestic creatures, and is not so subject to corruption. The Cow's milk is the fattest, the Sheep's & Goat's less fat, so Gal. The milk of a Cow, Ass & Mare, do more loosen the belly, than the Sheep's; which is sweet, thick, and fat. The three former are most fit for the belly; but trouble the same, so Diosc. Crescent. The milk and cheese of Heifers, is not so fit nutriment for man, as that of Sheep. Var. The milk that is most purging is first the Mares, secondly the Asses, thirdly the Sheep's, fourthly the Goats. Bapt. Fire. The best is the Goats, next the Sheep's, and then the Cows. Aeg. The most temperate is the Woman's, than the Goats, Asses, Sheep's, and lastly the Cowes. The Goats is temperate in substance, less purging than the Cows, which is the fattest and thickest, fit to nourish, and penetrates moderately. The cheese is styptic, to which that of mares is like, and of much nourishment. V Plin. The ashes of the tip of a Cow's horn, helpeth the cough. Two spoonfuls thereof made into pills with honey, help the physic. Rhas'. If of a heifer, applied with vinegar it helpeth the morphew, and stoppeth the bleeding at the nostrils. Marcel. Two spoonfuls of that part next the head, with water warmed, and a little vinegar drunk three days together help the spleen, taken fasting. Plin. The ashes of the hoof applied with water discuss hard swell in the body. Rhas'. That of a heifer, causeth milk in Women and strengtheneth them: That of the huckle bone of a Cow drunk stops blood and the menses. Gal. So the ashes of a Bull's thigh. Avic. That of a heifer bindeth the belly: which Galen affirmeth of the filings of a Bull's horn. That of the ankle applied in wine, fastens the teeth; Plin. Rhas. Hal. affirm it of the ashes, and that it fasteneth the gums. Plin. And with myrrh is a dentifrice. Gal. The same powder drunk with honey, killeth worms: Rhas. And with wine those like gourd seeds. Gal. Rhas. Hal. The same with mulled vinegar looseneth the spleen. Gal. It also helpeth white spots, Hal. and the leprosy. Gal. Hal. It gently causeth venery. Plin. The liquor helpeth wrinkles. The flesh applied for five days when boiled helpeth the bitings of men; but veal is more effectual: The same applied helpeth tumors, when hot it helpeth impostumes; so the gall, and blood. Marcel. Plin. Applied fresh to the privities, it helpeth the ulcers thereof, and epiphoras: The same boiled in water and vinegar an. and eaten, tempereth the stinking savour, and corrosions of the stomach. S. Seth. The broth helpeth the flux of the belly, caused by yellow choler: Plin. if of a heifer, as also the marrow. It helps the ulcers and clefts of the mouth. Plin. The ashes of a Cows hid with honey help phagedens: that of an old shoe sole, helps gallings by the shoe; Diosc. as also burn, and other gallings; so Hermol. with lineseed oil. Plin. Also kibes. As for the glue, see Bull. Rhas. The marrow and fat serveth against the commotion of the nerves, and mollifieth the same. Plin. The marrow of the right fore leg with sour, helps the hairs, diseases of the eyebrows, & corners thereof, and serveth for a calliblephary. Marcel. The marrow put into the ears helpeth them. Plin. The marrow of a hart or heifer with rolin helpeth the ulcers of the mouth. The marrow of a heifer with fine meal, baked, helpeth the dysentery, Marcel. especially the milk of Cowes being eaten. The marrow boiled with meal and wax, and a little oil, that it may be drunk, helpeth the coeliack and dysentery: See the fat of Calves. Plin. The tallow, as also that of Calves, helpeth poisons, which hurt by exulceration. With the flower of frankincense it helpeth corns, as also the leprosy, felon, wild fire and scurvinesse, sc. with salt & raisins, organy, and leaven: So also the fat of Goats, and helpeth adustions with oil of roses. Rhas'. The marrow: and blood concocteth abscesses with the fat made into a plaster, and mollifieth hard tumors. Marcel. applied in a cerot with the juice of an Ass' dung, & scillae or squills, q. s. it helpeth the ulcers of the head. Plin. Boiled with oil it helpeth epiphoras. The fat warmed with Goose grease, helpeth the hearing: Marcel. and the clefts of the mouth. Plin. So with the juice of basil. Plin. Marc. It helpeth the stiffness of the neck, and botches with oil, mollifying the same. Plin. The fat helpeth the diseases of the fundament. Diosc. The fat of a Cow, Calf or Bull is something astringent. Gesn. The blood taken with vinegar stoppeth the spittings of blood. Hal. So that of a Goat being dropped into a wound. Rhas'. It concocteth abscesses, used with the tallow, and mollifieth hard swell. In Arcadia the milk of cows is used by those that are phthisical, and cachecktick: That of the Goat is fit for the stomach, the Cows is more physical and most looseneth the belly. Plin. The same helpeth those that have drunk meadow saffron, hemlock, venomous trefoil, or of the Sea Hare: The Grecians say that it vanquisheth all poisons, especially such as burn and corrode, & helps against the ephemeron, or cantharides, causing the evomition of the same; so Plin. and Diosc. The bark of an oak boiled in Heifers milk, helpeth the stinging of Serpents. Plin. Nitre with the same and honey helpeth exulcerations in the face. The milk helpeth fresh ulcers of the mouth. Plin. Exulcerated tonsils washed with Cows or Goat's milk are helped by the same, used as a gargarism as soon as strained; but that of Goats is best boiled with mallows and a little salt. Marcel. The milk of Goat's Cows or Sheep new milked being used as a gargarism helpeth the pains of the tonsils, and assuageth the swell of the same. Marcel. Cow's milk newly milked, heated, and used as a gargarism, helps the throat straightened by catarrhs, and the exasperated jaws: the same with tar, pissasphalt, with Harrs sewer, or with Sheep's milk an drunk or eaten effectually helpeth the physic. The milk taken boiled helpeth the exulcerated stomach: Plin. So that of an Ass. Diosc. It helps the exulcerating flux and tenesmus, red-fire stones being quenched therein, so that of Sheep or Goats: The same helpeth bilious fluxes, boiled to a third part, having flints and gads of steel quenched therein; Aet. It hurteth those that are feverish, turning into acrimony. Plin. With the ashes of Heart's horn or Bulls gall mixed with cumin seed, and applied with a gourd to the navel it helps the pain of the belly: Being injected it helpeth the corrosions of the bowels by strong remedies, and if there be a hot dysentery, boiled with the stones of the Sea, or prisan; so the same having steel often quenched therein and so drunk warm, some use flints. Aetius prescribes Asses and Mare's milk in the suppuration of the reins to cleanse them, and Cow's milk after for nutriment. Plin. Some say the drinking of Heifers milk helpeth conception. Hippoc. Milk and wine drunk help the wounds of the intestines, with an equal part of water; so also in the fracture of the scull. The liquor drawn thence and wine in B. M drunk certain days, helps quartain agues. Some Women drink it after their purgation. The whey with honey and salt q. s. drunk moveth the belly, so Marcel. Plin. with cresses it helpeth the orthopnoea. Marcel. The marrow of an Heifer mixed with fine dough, baked and eaten, helpeth the dysentery, especially with the cheese of Cow's milk, fresh: So fresh cheese applied, drinking potions in which steel hath been quenched. So the butter with turpentine or boiled with mallows, or oil of roses: Some attribute the same effects to Mare's milk. Plin. Some affirm that there is a stone in the head, which being worn helpeth the breeding of teeth, or the brain applied. Plin. The tophus found in the second venture of a Heiser, is counted good against the difficulty of birth: Which some affirm of that of Staggs. The broth of the tripes gargled helpeth the exulceration of the tongue and arteries. Plin. The liver of a Heifer helpeth the coeliack and dysentery. Hal. burned and drunk it helps the flux of the belly and blood. Plin. Some adulterate the Indian Lycium with the gall hereof. The gall of an heifer is stronger than that of other fourfooted beasts. Avic. It is mixed with plasters against ulcers, joined with the crysipelas, and great pain. Gal. The gall of a bull is hotter and more drying, than that of Oxen. The gall mixed with honey, draweth forth iron or splinters sticking in the flesh. Rhas'. With bdellium dissolved therein and vinegar it helpeth fistulas. With alum and myrrh mixed to the thickness of honey, applied, it presently helpeth the ulcers of the yard: Also beet boiled in wine may be applied, as also beef applied. Plin. The gall applied, as also that of a Boar discusseth botches, and impostumes: So the blood, and flesh. Plin. The seed of rocket therewith whiteneth black cicatrices. Avic. With nitre and fullers earth it helpeth scurf, the head being anointed with the same: It is also used in collyries against the haw of the eye. Rhasis affirmeth that taken by the nostrils it helps the falling sickness. Applied with cotton it helps the ring of the ears, and with oil helpeth the pain thereof, if caused by cold. So Hal. Marcel. The gall of a Cow with the stolen of a Goat helpeth the loss of hearing being dropped into the same; Plin. so also if there be a purulency in the same: The gall of the Tortise with the cast slough of snakes mixed with vinegar, may be added thereto. The skin of Serpents burned and dropped into the ears with oil of roses is good against all griefs; but chiefly the stink of the same, with vinegar, or better with the gall of the Goat: Also the gall of the Boar, Sow or Cow helpeth the pain of the ears with oil of Palma Christi, and roses an. especially that of the Bull, with the juice of leeks, or with honey if there be suppuration. It helps the pain and vices of the ears, and stench thereof being warmed in the pill or rind of a pomegranate, so Plin. Avic. The gall anointed on the palate serveth as an apophlegmatisme, drawing phlegm from the head. Some use a linen girdle about their midles, dipped into the gall using it three days, against the jaundice, renewing it every day. Hipp. in lib. de nat. Mul. Maketh a remedy thereof to cause conception in women. Plin. Mixed with oil of roses, and turpentine, and so applied with wool, it openeth the hardened womb. Rhas'. Mixed with wine, the flesh of a Gourd, and honey, and so anointed on the fundament, it looseneth the belly. Avic. It openeth the hemorrhoids: Gal. Especially that of the Bull. Applied it helpeth the piles. Gal. It helps malignant and eating ulcers especially in the legs, called lupus, being applied as a cataplasm with the juice of carline thistle, and the greater celandine, an. Plin. The Spleen eaten with honey, and applied helpeth the pain of the spleen, and running ulcers with honey. It may also be drunk in wine against the spleen. The cleaning applied helps ulcers in the face. Plin. Twenty heads of garlic being bruised with vinegar, and put into the bladder of a Cow, and applied help the pain of the spleen. Marcellus addeth verdigrease, and mustard seed. To help the colic apply a hot brick to the feet, wrapped in a cloth, the patiented being in bed: then put some Goat's milk into a Cow's bladder, & apply it very hot to the navel, to cause sweat: and that the belly may not be stopped; give the patiented a little oil to drink warm. Afric. The foam applied keepeth flies from them. The urine of an Ox with the ashes of the tamariske tree drunk or taken with meat, resisteth venery, Used as a bath it helps the coldness of the stomach, and hemorrhoids, so Hal. That of Heifers used as a gargarism helpeth ulcers in the mouth, among soldiers, that are infectious, called die brune. That of a Cow is good against wounds made by fire. Their suppurations are better cured by Surgery, than Medicine: also their urine is good for the cavity used hot: So Columella. Plin. It helps bees fluxes, caused by tasting of the flowers of the cornel tree: so that of man. Gal. The dung of living creatures is very digestive, but that of man by reason of its extraordinary stink is not much used; that of the Cow, Goat, and certain other creatures being without much smell, is much used. That of the Cow is of a drying faculty, and drawing, as appeareth when it is applied to the stingings of Bees, or wasps, notwithstanding it may help also by the property of its substance. Some have cured the dropsy therewith, plastering the patiented therewith, and setting him to dry in the sun. That when they go to grass when moist, helps phlegmons in rustic bodies, being applied. That when they feed on chaff is in a mediocrity as to the other: and they are fittest for the most rustic bodies, sc. against the king's evil, and all scirrhous tumors, applied with vinegar, as a cataplasm, so Gal. Plin. Being heated it may be applied, where there is need of breaking, or that of Goats being boiled in vinegar or wine. Avic. Gal. Applied with vinegar it helps all tumors, & hot abscesses. Plin. Applied it helpeth S. Anthony's fire; so that of a Calf also. Applied fresh it helpeth the inflammation in wounds. Diosc. Applied with vinegar it helps hardnesses, and botches. Plin. With honey it prevents swell in greme wounds. Some say that it will assuage any swelling with barley meal; so that of Goats. The same in May, being dry with egg shells, and the soles of old shoes, powdered, and cast on the wound or ulcers, helps those in the legs, that are old; also Cats tails may be added for exiccation. Rhas'. The dung blown up into the nostrils Stoppeth their bleeding, some add vinegar for the same purpose. Haly commends the ashes thereof. Rhas'. Being wrapped up in a leaf and heated in the ashes it helps the swell of the veins: Avic. Also it helps swell behind the ears. Plin. Being boiled warm with vinegar it discusseth botches, or wens. Marcel. The ashes mixed with betes help the scurf of the head. Plin. The fume taken helps the physic. Avic. It is used also in diseases of the lungs, and its tabes, etc. Rhas. Drunk or used in a clyster it helps the flux caused by the ulcers of the intestines. The distilled water thereof drunk helps the yellow jaundice. Marcel. The liquor thereof strained when fresh being drunk helpeth the colic: Some add ginger, cloves, mace and cinnamon. Gal. Three spoonfuls of the dry dung, burned and drunk help the dropsy; so Rhas. Some also observe the sex: The dry, with vinegar and water mixed and applied as a cataplasm to the belly helps the dropsy, so Rhas. So that of a Calf. Diosc. The fomentation therewith helps the sciatica, so Plin. Marcel. and Avic. it being applied; And the gout when fresh and hot. Plin. Diosc. The fume of that of a Bull helps the falling of the matrix. Hypocrates addeth other things thereto. Plin. The water of which they have drunk helpeth the pains of the head. Hartm. in Chymiat. The extract of the spleen helps the suppression of the menses. Prosp. Alp. In Egypt some women, take the gall nine days in baths, to cause them to be fat. Jonst. Vital. de furn. The butter T. Is naturally hot and moist, with the prevalency of heat, viscous and unctuous. V The same eaten often moisteneth the stomach, looseneth the belly, lenifieth the breast, and helpeth it, as also ulcers thereof, and of the intestines, especially, when fresh it is good also to lenify the lungs, and cure its impostumes, it having a property to maturate, dissipate and cleanse all humours and superfluities of the breast; especially eaten with honey and sugar. It resisteth poison, moisteneth the body, mollifieth and helpeth the roughness of the eyes, dissolveth and ripeneth impostumes, mitigateth the wounds of the breast, lungs, and gripe of the intestines: And mollifieth and looseneth contracted nerves. It is very good against inward poisons being drunk with warm milk, in a great quantity: it obstructing the passages by its fatness, that the poison cannot get to the heart. The best is the freshest. Cheese helps the dysentery, Hipp. and 3d species of the tabes. Donat. ab Alto mar. A suppository thereof anointed with honey helps the ascarides in children. The whey doth extenuate thick humours, cleanse and loosen the belly: Therefore the ancients did often use it for the same purpose, especially in those which they would purge without acrimony, sc. The melancholic, epileptic, leprous, and against the elephantiasis, and breeking out of bushes in the body. The urine of an Ox having amber quenched therein, helpeth impotency. The fume of the blood with S. Katherine's flower, helpeth the hemicrania. Their horns serve to make lanterns of. Their nerves to make whips of. The powder of their bones helps the catarrh and gout. The Chinois use the dung to feed fishes with. The hooves drive away little beasts from vines. Schrod. The horn filled helps the epilepsy. The fume helps the contagion of the air. The blood helps the dysentery, it discusseth and mollifieth. The marrow helps trembling members. The oil of the hoofs mollifieth tumors, and easeth pain and luxations. The fume of the hoof driveth away mice. The dung cooleth, drieth moderately, discusseth, and mightily easeth pain. The juice is used by some against burning fevers and the colic. Querc. The stone in the ventricle helps the jaundice. The powder of that of the gall is a good errhine. The milk is windy, helps the reins and diarrhoea. H. And hurts the splenetic, hepatick, epileptic, vertiginous, feverish, & headache. Coagulated it helps the scurvy. Fresh-cheese helpeth the gout and heat, the tincture of the gall is a cosmetick. The extract opens the spleen, the D. is scrup. 1. the bones strengthen.   

Crocodile. Crocodile.  

P. In Asia, Africa, and America, especially Nilus.  
M. Of Fishes, and man's flesh, and other Creatures.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: Lacertus Palladii. Heb. Koah.   
Crocodile. Jonst. Some eat them as also their Eggs. V Their Decoction helps those that are bitten by Spiders. Kiran. Their canine teeth filled with frankincense help the Types of Fevers: and if taken from them alive, applied to the right part of a man, and left of a Woman cause venery. The blood cleareth the eyes, and helps the bitings of Serpents. The fat applied helps the shiverings of agues, as also old ulcers and the Canker. The Ashes of the skin mixed with the mother, or lees of oil, make any part so stupid, that it cannot be felt when dismembered. Some say that being anointed with their fat, a man may safely swim amongst them. Some in the Indies nourish them for punishment, casting the prisoner bound, unto them. Their skin is impenetrable, except under the belly: their length 20 cubits, the head broad, the nose like the Sows, the teeth close set, the upper jaw movable: they generate by resupination, bring forth 60 eggs, and young in 60. days. They are enemies to the Ichneumon, Bugil, Tiger, Hawk, Hogfish, Dolphin, Scorpion and Man; But love the Wren. Aldrovand. The excrements help freckles.    

D.  

Dog. Canis.  

P. Almost in all Countries in the whole World.  
M. Of any thing, chiefly flesh.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Keleb. Arab. Kelbe.   
DOg. Gal. T. he thinketh the flesh to be something like that of the Hare, being dry, as the Fox also. They are eaten by some: the Indians eat the Milk. V Gesn. A young Puppy applied to the bowels helps the pains thereof, attracting the disease. The Melitean applied helps the pain of the stomach, so Plin. and Seren. as also Marcel. And often dyeth of the same. Sext. Dissected and applied they help the pain of the spleen, and all pain, a blind whelp being eaten. The Liver thereof helpeth madness. The ointment, or fat helpeth the palsy. Sext. The worm under the tongue of a mad Dog worn about the neck, helps the bitings of a mad Dog: So Plin. The blood of a tick taken from a Dog is a Psilothron; which some attribute to that of a Dog. The ashes of a Dog applied with Oil, colour the eyebrows black. The skin of a Dog worn on the hands prevents destillations: put thrice about the neck it helpeth the quinsey, so Marcel. Worn about the middle it helpeth the pain of the belly. Blood. The nervous flesh of a Dog drunk, helpeth the biting of a Dog, so the flesh hereof salted: Diosc. So the blood drunk, and helps against poison, so Plin. Sext. Drunk it helpeth the tormina, and some say trembling also. Plin. It cureth the itch. Sext. The grease with old oil and juice of wormwood gently put into the ear helpeth deafness from any cause, so Marcel. and Plin. Aesculap. Dog's grease helps the Gout also. Plin. And Nits. With Alum the q. of a bean it helps the incontinency of urine, so the Milk of Bitch's. Marcel. The Marrow of a Dog kneaded with old Wine, and applied, will help the swelling of the fundament. Plin. The hair applied with a cloth helps the headache. The ashes thereof applied help against their biting: Blond. And stop the blood. Plin. The brain of a Dog, applied with a linen cloth, and wool thereon, will in 14. day's consolidate broken bones. Some say the brain of a whelp will cure the glaucoma in 7. days. Plin. The ashes of a Dog's head will take away all excrescencies; erode and cure them, serving in stead of spodium. Marcel. And is better in ulcers of the genitals. Plin. It helpeth Cancrous wounds. Rhas'. The ashes of the upper part of a Dog's head, being made into a plaster with Oil of Roses, applied help and dry ulcers of the head. Plin. It helpeth burn: The same helps the wounds of Dogs, or fine salt torrified with tar. Sext. It helps those that are bitten by a mad Dog. Plin. The powder of the same without the flesh helpeth the testicles, also tabid and humid ulcers sprinkled on, or applied with vinegar, and is useful as spodium, so Marcel. Plin. It helps the vices of the fundament. Sext. It helps the piles, chaps in the fundament, and all uncleanlinesse. Pelag. It helpeth the falling off of the hairs on Horse tails, being first anointed with butter. Plin. It helps whitlows, and the Pterygia: Sheep's butter being applied with Honey. Sext. It taketh away cicatrices. Absyrt. The sum of a Dog's head helps the plague of cattle. Plin. With mulse it helps the jaundice. Sext. So that of a mad Dog drunk, also pains of the teeth, and the ashes with Cypress Oil dropped into the aching ear help the same, so Plin. Albert. Their ear Wax mixed with Wine doth inebriat. The greatest left Canine tooth helpeth the toothache after scarification. Plin. So the decoction in Wine. The ashes help Children not easily breeding teeth with Honey, there may also be made a dentifrice thereof. Sext. The ashes with Honey repress the Gums, that the teeth may grow without pain: Aesculap. The tooth touched with the same doth presently come forth; the powder helps the toothache and gums. Sextus useth it in a gargarism with Wine. Aesculap. The powder helps the cicatrices of the eyes. Serap. Sylvat. The grinders bound to the arm in the skin help the bitings of a mad Dog. Pliny useth the longest tooth of a black Dog against quartans. Rhas'. The long teeth also help the jaundice. Blond. By licking they cure both their own and others wounds and ulcers. Plin. The froth, or slime under a mad Dog's tongue, being drunk, hindereth the hydrophoby, or fear of water. Sext. The same drunk with Wine helpeth the Dropsy, though it's rather affirmed of the former. Rhas'. The curd of a little whelp, mixed with Wine presently helpeth the Colic. Plin. The vomit of a Dog applied to the belly, presently draweth the water thereof: Sext. And so cureth the Dropsy. The Liver of a mad Dog eaten, helps the biting of the same. With oesypus & Honey the Gall helps spots in the face: and roughness of the skin, with Oil of Roses, and the Morphew. Aesculap. The Gall of a Dog with Honey helpeth the eyes: Plin. And white spots therein. Marcel. Drach. 2. thereof or of the Milk, and as much Honey, heated and dropped into the ear, and stopped in with wool: are excellent, even though there be a Cancer therein. Plin. The Gall used with a Feather helpeth the Gout. A little q. of that of a mad Dog, quickly killeth, so Bertrut. That of a black Dog, is used by Magicians as an amulet. Sext. The spleen drunk in Wine helpeth the spleen: so applied, Plin. Some use very young whelps, with vinegar of squills, or the spleen of an hedgehog. The genital of a Dog also is used by Magitans as an amulet. Plin. The womb of a Bitch boiled in Oil, being spread over with Sheep's butter and Honey helps the white-flow: The secundine draweth forth the birth. Diosc. The first Milk of a Bitch helps against poison. Plin. The ashes there with hinder the growth of hair. Marcel. So it helpeth hairs troubling the eyes: Some add ivy gum, and the Milk of spurg with wine, after evulsion, so Sext. Diosc. Aesculap. etc. The Milk dropped into the eyes, helps the spots thereof Plin. and pains, of the ears: Marcel. So that of Bears. Sext. The Milk applied facilitats dentition in Children. Plin. And scaldings of the mouth. Diosc. It expelleth the dead conception, some add Honey and Wine, so Sext. Aesculap. Rhas'. Sext. The urine is a psilothron: with wool it helps Corns and Warts. Diosc. With Nitre it helps the Leprosy and Itch: as also the Jaundice. Pliny affirms that he that mixeth his urine with that of a Dog, shall feel a numbness of the loins, and be hindered from venery: as also that the Herb near which it is evacuated, helps Luxations. Gal. The white dung, called Album graecum helps the quinsey, dysentery, and old ulcers, and malignant. Rhas'. Pounded with the juice of Coriander, it helps red abscesses. Blond. The hair of a Dog, stoppeth the blood. Plin. The ashes of the dung help all sorts of Warts, with Wax, or Oil of Roses. The bones out of them applied help the siriasis, or inflammation in the heads of Children. The white dung drunk with the lie of the ashes, helpeth the epilepsy. With salt, rue, sout, & sugar mixed & applied it helps the Rannula of the tongue, being a broad black ulcer of the same, killing in 9 days; and it's known by the falling out of the spittle. Diosc. It, as also man's applied help the quinsey, so Gal. and Rhas. it is an excellent remedy. Some use it with the ashes of Swallows. Blond. With Honey it helps the inflammation of the tonsils also. Some use it against the falling of the uvula, with long Pepper, the yellow roots of mountain lily, and nightshade. Diosc. Drunk with water it stops the belly: So taken with the decoction of galls, or water of pome granats: so with Milk in which steel hath been quenched. Sext. The ashes applied with Honey help the Tinea of infants: sc. applied to the Navel, so Gesn. With Lily water it helps the pain of the womb. The powder with red Wax, and a little Oil helpeth the sciatica, coloquintida and centaury being used before it, so Marcel. Plin. with Oil of Roses it helps the Rhagades, so Sext. Marcelius addeth beets. The same helps the piles being first anointed with grease, and having the ashes of Garlic, sprinkled thereon: or both applied with Oil. The biting of Dogs is helped by washing with the urine thereof, as also Walnuts with Onians, salt, and Honey, some add organy: Others use Nitre and Vinegar, and fill the wounds with dry burned Anet. See more in Aet. & Aeg. And outwardly; Vinegar, Garlic, beet, dogs urine, Dane wort, Figtree leaves, Garum, Tornsole, Flower deluce, Hore hound, Nitre, Bramble leaves, Man's hair, with vinegar. Inwardly, Garlic, Calamint, Bawm. If of a mad Dog, outwardly, the compounded remedies of Gal. and Aet. And treacle. The simples are Vinegar, Betony, Lime pounded with grease, bitter fetch with Wine, crude beans eaten. Cock's dung with vinegar. A Goat's liver. Hore hound leaves. Walnuts. Dungs of . Rue. Sealed Earth, and Vervin, etc. Inwardly the Antidote of Esdra. Mithridate, that of Walnuts, and the treacles. Simples, Garlic, Wormwood, Madwort. Pimpernel. Onions, Leeks, Dogs rose. Dry pitch of India. Hellebore, Honey, Plantain, sealed earth, the root of the white Vine: After cauteries, etc. Schrod. Dog's grease taken inwardly is hotter than the rest, & helpeth wounds & ulcers, cleanseth and consilidats, and therefore helps the physic, and bruises. Album graecum drieth, cleanseth, discusseth, openeth, breaks impostumes, and cleanseth exulcerations. It helpeth the colic, etc. outwardly, it mollifieth hard tumors: applied to the belly it attracteth Hydropic water; with Oil of Roses it cureth Warts. The balsam of Whelps, made thereof suffocated in white Wine, and boiled with Arthritick herbs, Oils, and Rosins, helpeth contracted parts, the Sciatica, and Arthritick pains. Wecker maketh an ointment of the Whelps, which serveth against wounds made by warlike engines: and Furnerus distilleth a Water, serving to hinder the growth of hair, thence, Jonst. They grow mad by eating corrupted meat, and full of worms, especially in the Dog-days: Then they have no appetite to meat, and fear the water, they wander about, bark hoarsely, foam at the mouth, look angrily, and hang down the tail. They are cured by blood letting in the legs: annoniting with the poplar ointment, and use of some colagogick remedy, and bathe of the decoction of fumitory, sharp pointed docks, and the root of Elicampane: Pliny preserveth them by giving them Woman's milk. They are enemies to the Hyena, Crocodile, and Wolf chief. Aldrov. Album graecum drunk in Wine helps the Epilepsy. With red Wax and Oil, it helps the Sciatica, and so he agreeth with Gesner, etc.   

Dormouse. Glis.  

P. In woods, and about old houses. In England, etc.  
M. Of beech nuts, etc. And Apples.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Akbar. Arab. Pir. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
Dormouse Platin. T. in qualities it is not much unlike the Porcupine, or Badger, and the flesh is eaten by some. V Plin. The ashes with Oil help burn; Sext. A Dormouse applied taketh away warts. Their ashes, as also of the Rat, mixed with Honey, and eaten every morning cleanse the eyes. Marcel. Roasted with Oil and Salt, and eaten by those that have the peripneumony, or are empyematous; it wonderfully helpeth them, and those that spit forth empyematous matter. Their ashes, as also of Rats and Earthworms applied with Oil help kibes. Their fat with that of a Hen, and Cow's marrow melted, and dropped warm into the ears is very good also. Plin. It helpeth the palsy, so Sext. Plin. The dormouse boiled with Spikenard, ad tertias, & dropped warm into the ears helpeth the old griefs thereof: so Aldrov. Marcel. Or with Honey; which some affirm of woodlice. Jonst. They were dainties amongst the Romans. Their flesh eaten, helps the Doglike appetite. The fat applied to the soles of the feet causeth sleep. Their dung drunk helps the stone. With vinegar and Rosemary it helps the Alopecia. They are like; but less than Squirrels. They sleep in hollow trees in the Winter, and can hardly be revived.    

E.  

Elephant. Elephantus.  

P. In Africa. Asia. Libya, and Getulia, etc.  
M. Of fennish Herbs, Leaves of Trees, and Fruits, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Behemah. Arab. Behiz.   
ELephant. Aelian. T. only the trunk, lips, and marrow of their horns are edible. Gil. Yet the Aethiopians ear their hinder-parts. Vartoman. Also in some Countries they eat their reins. V Marcel. Vergil. The ashes of a Weasel, mixed with the blood of an Elephant help the Elephantiasis. Plin. Isid. The blood especially of the Male helps all fluxions, or rheumatismes. Plin. It helpeth the sciatica. Albert T. the flesh is cold and dry, and very unpleasant. Rhas'. Also heavy and fat. V the decoction made thereof with vinegar, and fennel-gyant, being taken by a Woman with Child, causeth abortion: Rhas. The same helpeth the old cough. The fat helps against poison some things, being anointed therewith, and a suffumigation made, so Aelian. and Avic. so Diosc. With that of a Hart. Albert. Rhas. Applied it helpeth the headache. Isid. The fume made of the hoof and hairs driveth away all venomous beasts also. Schrod. The Ivory T. is cold and dry (Sylu. 1 °.) moderately, it bindeth, incideth, and strengtheneth the bowels. V it stoppeth the whites in Women, helpeth the jaundice, killeth worms, helpeth old obstructions, and easeth the pain and weakness of the stomach. It helpeth the epilepsy, driveth away melancholy, and resisteth putrefaction and poison. The filings thereof are used in infusions, and the powder is given in substance: the D. is drach. sem. When burned it is called the Spodium of Ivory, to difference it from the mineral, hereof are made troches, often used. Sylu. Ivory doth strengthen the heart by its whole substance, and helpeth conception, but heed must be taken, that it be not adulterated by the bones of fishes, and other Creatures. Spodium is cold 3°. dry 2 °. which some deny. It is sometimes adulterated by Dogs bones burned, and Marble, the best is the whitest and very light, so Platear. This Spodium is used in cooling Syrups, and against poison, as also Heart's horn: Both of them also are good against the Elephantiasis. Nemes. Ivory & Gastoreum in milk, given to a mad Horse, help him thereof. drach. 1. given in mulse, helps the Lethargy, or plague after the taking of Hiera Ruffi, and the hinder part of the head hath been anointed with Oil and Castor: taking after drach. 1. of Castor with Melicrat, so Aet. Diosc. Serap. Plin. The powder applied helpeth the paronychia. Plin. With Honey, it cleanseth the face; so Sext. Rhas. drach. 1. thereof with 10. of the Water of Mountain Horsmint, helps the Leprosy. Gesn. mixed with Heart's horn it helps against Worms. Agric. Drunk fasting Macerated in Wine, or some opening Water it helpeth the Jaundice, long obstructions, and pains of the stomach. With mulse it helps the epilepsy. Some say that the fine powder of burned Ivory drunk with the blood of a Goat, doth break the stone in the reins, or bladder. Combs made hereof are thought to he best for the head, which some say, is because they have small scent. The touch of the trunk helps the headache. Plin. The lest part thereof with the rubric of lemnoes, abateth venery. The Liver helpeth the falling sickness. The tip thereof eaten with Water and Leaves of sumach helps the pain of the Liver, so Rhas. and Albert. Diosc. The gall is commended by some against the bitings of Serpents. Albert. taken into the nostrils it helps the falling sickness: Rhasis addeth an equal part of Musk. Rhas'. Albert. The dung applied killeth Lice: the fume of the same driveth away Gnats. Hal. The suffumigation helps the belly of those that are Feverish: used with wool it hinders conception. Jonst. The Nitre of Ivory is made dull, by women's courses. Aldrovandus also confirmeth what was affirmed by Gesner. As for their skin, it is wrinkled and scabbed. The head deformed, ears little, & eyes by way of comparison, so the tongue, with 4. teeth within for to eat with, and a trunk serving in stead of a hand. They have short joints, two tears under their shoulders, a genital like a Horse, but little, testicles inward about the reins, 4. ventures, a liver fourtimes as big as an Ox's, so the lungs. They generate when 5. years old, in the water, and some go 3. years, or more as is affirmed. They are enemies to the Rhinoceros, Lion, Tiger, Ram, Hog, Serpents, and Dragons, as also to the fire. As for their age some say they live an hundred, or two hundred years. Their diseases are inflations and fluxes, also Leprosies. They often fight furiously, revenge injuries, love their keepers, naturally fear men, and are very teacheable. Their differences are according to place; so some live in fenny places, some on mountains, some in fields, others in woods, etc.   

Elk. Alce.  

P. In Rusia, Prussia, Hungary, and Illyria.  
M. They feed upon grass.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Magna bestia Caes. Equicervus, Albert. M.   
Elk. Jonst. T. is of a thick and melancholic juice; yet it's eaten by the inhabitants of their Country, both fresh, and powdered. The Horns are astringent and antepileptick. V The nerves are used against the spasme, being worn like a girdle about the grieved part. The hoof helps the Epilepsy and hysterick passion, the first it doth being worn as a ring: and the last, the scrape thereof being given with a like part of zedoary: more antepileptick forms may be seen in Authors. Schrod. The shave may be drunk against the falling sickness, outwardly a piece of the hoof may be set in a ring, to be worn on the finger next the least, else in the care, applied to the pulse, or hung about the neck; so that it may touch the skin. The D. is Scrup. sem. drach. 1. or more: it may be known by the smell, which is sweet when burned: and some say it must be taken from the male, when adult, and venereous, betwixt the feast of the assumption of Mary, and her nativity; from the right hinder foot, when alive. As for the description, he is almost of the making of a Hart; but bigger, fearful, and subject to the Epilepsy; yet some distil an epileptic arcanum out of the brain thereof. Jonst. Also the fore parts are lower than the hinder parts, they hanging down the head: the hair is long, of a whitish ash colour, the head is long & lean, the lips are prominent & thick, especially the uppermost: The mouth long, the teeth indifferent, the ears long and broad, the skin thick and solid, the Horns about lib. 12. not ramous as the stags'. When hunted he flies to the Water, and sucking it up casts it on the Dogs. In the Snow they tread in one an others foot steps. Tops. They graze backwards, the upper lip otherwise doubling over their mouths.    

F.  

Ferret. Viverra.  

P. In England, France, Italy, and Germany, etc.  
M. Of Coneys, Pigeons, and Fishes, Tops. or milk.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Furo, Furus, Furunculus & furectus.   
FErret. Tops. T. the flesh and teeth are counted poisons; V the Gall helpeth the poison of Asps: the same is commended against the falling sickness: Marcellus, so the whole Body, if it be toasted, dressed, and eaten fasting like a young Pig. Plin. The Body mixed with a Goat's gall, helpeth against the long fly called a Friar, flying into the flame of Candles burning in the night, which is counted poison some. They are of a very hot temperature, and therefore quickly digest their meat: and being wild by reason of their fear, they rather seek their meat in the night than in the day. Rhas'. Albert. They are kept out of dovecoats by hanging the head of a Wolf there, so Cats, etc.   

Fitch. Putorius.  

P. Almost every where in England about houses.  
M. Of Hens, Birds, Mice, Rabbits, and Fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Catus, fuina Scaligeri.   
Fitch. T. V The part of use taken from them is the skin, which is used in garments; it's of a rank smell, so that it offendeth the head, and causeth pain therein: therefore it's sold cheaper than the Foxes; the fattest is the worst, and they are best in Winter, their flesh and lust being then lower, and so hurt less by their smell. They live in tops of houses and secret corners, woods, by the Sea sides, and caves of hollow trees; especially in the stalls of , hay houses, and where they meet with Eggs. When taking the prey, they feed first on the head.   

Fox. Vulpes.  

P. In Russia, the Alps, and England, etc.  
M. Of Hens, Geese, Coneys, Hares, Mice, and Grapes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Schual. Arab. Thaleb. Volpes.   
Fox. Gal. T. the flesh is dry, somewhat like that of the Hare. Rhas'. It is hot, viscous, hard of concoction, and of bad juice, and is best in autumn. Aet. It is of exceeding bad aliment, being unlike man's nature, and stinking. V Gesn. Plin. Marcel. The decoction of the flesh helpeth the Gout. Sext. So the Oil: Gal. And that of a Hyena, abiding some time therein after evacuation, or purgation, that it may not attract the humours to the joints, so Aet. Hal. The Oil of a Fox decocted helps nodes: and the joints hurt by moisture, so Rhas. So decocted skin and all till boiled to pieces. Mesue prescribeth it with Sea water, etc. With anet and time: so also the decoction of a Hare, or hedgehog, L. Favent. The decoction of a Fox excoriated, and unboweled having his bones broken, used as an embrocation to the nucha and paralytic part, helpeth the same. Myrepsus also maketh an excellent ointment thereof, against the incontinency of the nerves, gout, joint ache, and all affections and dryness of the nerves. Avic. The skin, is hotter than the rest, useful for parts too much moistened by humours, or fluxions, having a resolving and discussing faculty. Sext. Shoe lined therewith ease the podagrick, sc. by cold; so with that of the Sea Calf, Lion, or Woolf. Albert. The ashes of the flesh of a Fox drunk with Wine help the asthma. Sylu. Their blood drunk fresh breaketh the stone. Myrepsus makes a nephritick antidote thereof: Some drink the dry blood in Wine for the same purpose with sugar. Absyrt. Being used as an errhine with gentle oxicrate it helps the Lethargy in Horses. Sylu. The fat of a Fox is betwixt that of the Bull and Sow: Avic. Sometimes it atrracteth more than it resolveth. That of the Bear may be its substitute, mixed with that of a Wolf, it helps the spasme: Her. Also the pains of the nerves, and tremble. Aet. It helps high tumors, being mixed with the ashes of vine branches, and boiled with lie. Sylu. Her. It helps the alopecia: Plin. Also ulcers of the head, especially the gall and dung applied with a like q. of Mustardseed. It helpeth the ulcers of the Womb. Diosc. And the pains of the ears, being first melted at the fire, and dropped in warm: so Sext. Avic. Albert. and Rhas. Gal. With a like q. of lard it helps the diseases of the nerves; And ears troubled with water, so that of Geese, or Hens, as also sounding of the ears and sharp pains. Hal. With the Oil, of Oily pulse, it helps the teeth also, and other vices of the ears, except fractures, which may be helped by Calves glue, relented in water. Plin. It helps the diseases of Cows. Absyrt. Theomn. And falling off of hair from an Horse's tail. Aeg. The ashes of the head with the some of the Sea, and leaves of black Alkanet, breed hair in the alopecia when brought to the cicatrice. Sext. The brain often given to Children preventeth the falling sickness. Plin. Some say that the tongue preventeth blearedness of the eyes. Marcel. And worn about the neck in scarlet, it helps white spots in the eyes. Applied after soaking in Wine it draweth out darts. Diosc. Gal. The powder of the Lungs drunk helpeth shortness of breath: Plin. So the Liver drunk in red Wine: and Marcel. in old Wine: so Paul. and Avic. drach. 1. being drunk: after purgation give the ashes. Rhasis useth the powder with cold water, or that of raisins. Sylu. It is to be washed from the blood, dried in an Oven, and so to be kept, and to be powdered when to be used: Some wash it in Wine, then dry it, and preserve it with sugar: Others take away, the rough arteries also, and wrap it in wormwood that it may not putrify, so Cord. hereof is made a Lohoch used in the shops. Rhas'. Albert. Some use the lungs of a Wolf, in Milk with Pepper, for the same purpose. Sylu. It helps the phthisical, by the property of its whole substance. Plin. Sext. The ashes drunk in water help the spleen. Archig. The liver of a Fox drunk in Oxycrate helps the spleen, Marcel. and Sextus also commend it. Plin. Drunk with black Wine it openeth the respiratorie passages; as also the lungs, Plin. The fat helps ulcers of the head; but especially the gall, and dung with a like q. of Mustard seed. Sext. Dropped into the ears with Oil it helps the pains thereof; and mixed with Honey, so applied to the eyes, it wonderfully helps the dimness thereof. Rhas'. drach. 1. Being used in the matrice for 3. days, causeth conception of a male, being used as a pessary. Plin. The reins applied with Honey help the tonsils; so Sext. Plin. Sext. The genital bound about the head, helps the pains thereof. Plin. It, as also that of Wolveses, Weasels and Ferrets, is bony, and therefore good against the stone. Sext. Being boiled in old Oil, with bitumen, and applied as a pessary, it helps the suffocation in Women, anointed on the head it helpeth the alopecia, and dropped in helps the pains of the ears. Plin The testicles help the swell behind the ears, and discuss wens. Sext. They help the groin often rubbed therewith. Gal. A spoonful of the powder drunk, helpeth the erection of the genital. Montagnana mixeth them with a remedy to cause venery in men, and conception in Women; but this may rather be attributed to the Satyrion called Foxstones, which serve also against the tetanoes. Rhas'. Two of them taken by a Woman cause conception. Sext. The tail woorn on the arm causeth venery. Marcel. The dung stamped with vinegar and applied, helpeth the Leprosy. Rhas'. With Oil of Roses applied on the genital, it increaseth the strength of salacity: so used in a pessary by Women, so Gal. Or applied to the privities of either, with Cow's tallow. Schrod. The Lungs consolidate and cleanse. The liver helpeth the Hepatick. The blood applied to the abdomen, groin, and reins, helpeth the stone. The ashes of the flesh help the vices of the breast: Jonston mentioneth not any thing but what hath been already related. As for the description it is needless. They generate lying on the ground, & copulate sometimes with Dogs, & bring forth 4. or 5. young ones, blind, which they then lick. They are friends to the Serpent, and enemies, to wild Rue, the Kite, Vultur, & Eagle, as also to the Crow, & Badgers, which they drive out of their holes, by defiling them with their excrements. They imitate the Dog by howling & barking. They are very subtle, and keep divers hoals open. When troubled with fleas they gently sink down in the water, having a little Hay, or some other thing on their backs for them to creep to. They kill urchins by injecting their urine into their mouths. They seem to play with the hares, and so suddenly catch them, when hungry they tumble themselves in red earth, and so lie as if dead with their tongues out, and when the birds of prey come to feed on them, they suddenly take them. Being taken by the foot they will by't it off to escape; and if they cannot, they will seem dead. Coming into a Hen-roost, they will shake their tails, to affright them, and when off their pertches they each them. When hunted they will run up into a Tree, where often they show much sport, and when constrained to leap down, they fall on the best Dogs, to wound them or be killed by them. Their differences are according to magnitude, and colour, being either back white, or crossed; hither may the Indian Foxes also be reduced, of which, etc. See the Appendix of unusual exoticks.   

Frog. Ranunculus vir.  

P. Almost every where, in woods, and among reeds.  
M. Of the Leaves of Trees, bushes. and reeds.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Calamites. Agredula Isid.   
Frog of the Land. Jonst. T. the green Frog is sometimes eaten. V It helpeth many diseases. Pliny saith, that it helps the cough, the mouth being spitten in. Sylu. Held in the hand, it taketh away the heat of fevers. Guainerius feedeth Hens with their flesh boiled, made into a pap with Barley meal, which then serve for those that are hectic. Timotheus applied them dissected to the reins of those that are Hydropic, to bring forth the water. Plin. The Liver tied in the skin of a Crane causeth venery. The fat applied to an aching tooth breaketh it: The blood hinders the growth of hair after evulsion. It is of the same virtue as the water Frog. The blood is a Philtron. Weikard: the ashes stop bleeding in wounds.    

G.  

Goat. Capra.  

P. In Wales, Africa, Sardinia, Spain, etc.  
M. Of the Arbute-tree, Evergreen privet, Oak, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Ez. Arab. Dakh.   
GOat. Gal. T. the flesh is less dry than beef; yet much exceedeth man's temper. The Kids is of easier digestion. The Goats is sharp and of ill juice, but is best in spring and summer, feeding then on shrubs. The older they are the worse: it is of much nourishment, strong juice, clammy, and so lasteth long; but of hard concoction, and generateth melancholic diseases; it hath all the evil proporties of beef, and is more flatulent, causing belchings and choler. H. it is bad for Women that have ulcers in the Womb, so that of Hogs and beef, so Hipp. Rhasis connteth it more cooling than Motton, and of little nourishment. The milk doth but little trouble the belly, feeding on astringent food, so its good for the stomach, so Diosc. The most nourishing is Woman's milk, than Goats, hence happily arose the fable of Jupiter's being nourished thereby. Gal. It is nothing near so fat as Cow's milk. If the Goat feed on scammony, or spurge, the milk will loosen the belly. It is moderate in respect of other milks, being not very fat or thick, so in a mean. It is not good to be taken without Honey, it usually curdling otherwise, and causeth griefs: some also add water, or salt, so Gal. The milk of Women is most, temperate, than the Goats, Asses, Sheep's, and lastly the Cows, so Aeg. the Goats is temperate in substance, less purging than the Cows, otherwise good enough, and not a little nutritive, next is the Sheep's, and lastly the Cows. So Bapt. Fire. Mant. Var. Of all liquid things that man useth Milk is the most nourishing, and so, first the Sheep's, than the Goats: the most purging is, the Mares. 2. The Asses. 3. The Cows, and lastly the Goats. Cheeses most nourishing are the Cows, and of difficult descent, next the Sheep's, and the Goats, of least; yet easily descend. V Gesn. The Goat yields a multitude of remedies, which is to be wondered at, some affirming that they are feverish. Plin. The decoction thereof with the skin, and the Frog called rubeta helps the diseases of all fourfooted Beasts: Magicians use the right eye taken from a living green lizard with the head cut off afterwards, which applied in the skin of a Goat, helpeth against quartains. Marcel. The ashes of a Goat's skin applied with Oil help kibes: Plin. The same help gallings by shoes. Marcel. The scrape of the skin, pounded with Pumice stone, and mixed with vinegar, help bushes: Also a thong of the skin tied about the Dugs of a Woman, helps the bleeding of a Woman's nostrils. Plin. The decoction thereof, boiled with the hair stoppeth the belly. Aesculap. The ashes of the hairs stop all fluxes. Sext. mixed with vinegar they stop bleeding at the nostrils: Marcel. So with pitch and vinegar. Sext. and the Lethargy, being put into the nostrils. Plin. The dung in mulse expelleth the stone, so the ashes of the hairs: The stink of the Horns, or hairs helpeth the Lethargy. Marcel. The ashes drunk help the strangury. Plin. The hairs, or horn burned drive away Serpents, and help their wounds being drunk, or applied. Plin. Magicians use the flesh roasted at the fire wherein a man's body is burned, against the falling sickness: so Sext. Plin. The Sanies, or matter of a Goat's liver roasted, helps the dimness of sight, or the gall thereof, the flesh being eaten, and the eyes held over the esteem whilst boiled. Plin. The Grecians used the broth against cantharides. As for the blood see that of Bulls. Marcel. Applied it taketh away spots. Diosc. Drunk it helpeth against Toxicum, being drunk with Wine. Aesculap. Drunk it resisteth poison. Plin. So decoct with marrow: Some mix it with earth of Lemnos. Diosc. commendeth that of kids also used in antidotes, Sext. Drunk it helpeth humours, or fluxes of the belly, as some say: though Pliny affirmeth it looseneth the belly, as also the marrow, and Liver: which is denied by Diosc. and Gal. Who affirm it helpeth the pains of the belly also. Some give it with Honey against the Dropsy: it being of thick terrene essence and dry with heat. Plin. Boiled with the marrow it helpeth the dysentery. With Barley meal and Rosin, spread upon the belly it helpeth the pains thereof. Marcel. With the bran of meal it stoppeth the dysentery. Marcel. It breaketh the stone; with Barley meal it helpeth all vices of the fundament. Dios. The fat is astringent, and therefore helpeth the dysentery, and mordacity in the straight gut, and Colon, being of a thick substance. Gal. That of Kids is less hot and dry: and that of she Goats, than of the Masculine, or male Goat. Rhas'. It is more astringent than that of Cows. Diosc. It helpeth those that have drunk Cantharideses. Plin. Applied with Wax it helpeth the wounds of Serpents. Aesculap. It helps all bitings and hurts. Columel. For the most part, griefs of the Body if without wounds are helped by fomentations, the old by cauteries, butter, or Goats fat being dropped in, sc. in , Plin. It helpeth Kibes: with Lime it discusseth Wens, so Marcel. Plin. With Sandaracha it helps rough nails, so Sext. Plin. Applied to Ringwormes with Cantharideses and the juice of the grapes of the wild vine it helpeth them: with Wax it helpeth creeping ulcers, so with pitch and brimstone: with Honey and the juice of the bramble it helpeth running ulcers of the privities. Applied with salt it helpeth whitelows, or felons; and if there be pain, with Oil: so that of a Cow. Aesculap. With Roses it helpeth night weals. The same dropped into the ears helps deafness. Plin. The meal of spelt, in red Wine helpeth the stingings of Scorpions, applied warm: and the cough with Goats fat, or butter. Diosc. The broth of the fat decoct helpeth the physic, being drunk; So with the pulp of Alica, and the cough, or with new mulse. Marcel. Decoct with Ptisan. it helpeth the tormina in the declination. Diosc. With Barley meal, rhöe, & cheese, it is given against the dysentery, & may be injected with the juice of Ptisan. Plin. Drunk with any liquor it mightily helpeth the intestines, or being drunk in cold Water. Sextus commends the same against the Dropsy, which is not probable. Marcel. The fat of the reins, mixed with Barley bran; Cumin, Anet, and Vinegar an. and so decoct in water strained and drunk doth speedily help the dysentery. Plin. Applied with pellitory and Cyprus Wax it helpeth the Gout: So with the dung and a little Saffron, boiled. Diosc. As for the Marrow. It hath the 4th. place amongst Marrows sc. after the Hearts, Calves, and Bulls, the last is the sheep. See that of Calf. Plin. The blood of a Goat boiled with the Marrow helpeth against poisons, that do intoxicate: the same helpeth the Dysentery and Dropsy. The blood, Marrow or Liver looseneth the belly; but others rather affirm the contrary, all marrows having a gentle drying and emplastic faculty, for the most part: therefore that of the Goat may be used against the Dysentery. The right Horn of a Goat is used in Mesue his Athanasia magna, and antidotes of Serapio, Haly, and Avicen. The fume thereof, as also of the hair driveth away Serpents, and the ashes drunk or applied help the wounds, so Plin. Sextus so the powder and milk with organy and Wine. Plin. The ashes anointed with Oil of Myrtles hinder sweeting. With Vinegar they stop bleeding, so that of the dung. Sext. The crusts thereof made by burning it in the flame stamped with vinegar of squills mightily help St. Anthony's fire. The Horn laid under the head of a sick party, causeth sleep. Mixed with bran and Oil of Myrtles, it helpeth the falling off of the hair, and causeth it to grow. Plin. So the ashes with nitre, the seed of tamarisk, butter and Oil, the head being shaved first: the smell thereof when burned discovereth the falling sickness, so Sext. Plin. The same awaketh those that have the Lethargy, so that of the hairs. Gal. The ashes whiten the teeth, and fasten the gums, so those of the Hearts, so Rhas. Albert and Avic. Sext. The shave mixed with Honey stop the flux of the belly. Plin. The fume helpeth the Womb: to which some add Galls, Lard, and Rosin of Cedar. Pallad. The hooves burned drive away Serpents. Diosc. Rhas'. The ashes thereof with vinegar help the alopecia, so Gal. Aesculapius useth them with tar. Plin. The juice of the head boiled with the hair helpeth the rapture of the intestines. The ashes of the huckle bones, serve as a dentifrice, as also, those of almost all hairy creatures. Plin. Magicians use the brain, drawn through a gold ring, giving it to children before they suck, against the falling sickness, and other diseases. Aesculap. with honey it helpeth carbuncles in the belly. Sext. The water coming from the  mixed with honey and salt, rubbed on the head, etc. killeth louse, helpeth the pain of the belly, and looseneth the same. Plin The broth of the paunch gargled helpeth the exulceration of the tongue and arteries, which some understand of that of the Cow. Gal. The liver roasted helpeth the nyctalops, and discovereth the falling sickness, causing a convulsion; so that of a he Goat. Diosc. Being eaten it helpeth the former evils, so also the vapour thereof: Rhas. some boil it with water and salt. Plin. When roasted it helpeth the coeliack, especially that of the he Goat, boiled with Austere wine and drunk or applied with oil of myrtles to the navel, some add rue to the same: Marcel. Some boil it with old wine. Hippoc. Being roasted in ashes and eaten, for four days, drinking old wine it helpeth the inflation of women delivered. Plin. The gall used three days, the hair being pulled up is a psilothron. Marcel. It helpeth botches. With the ashes of alum it cureth the scab. Applied it helps the elephantiasis. With fullers earth and vinegar it helpeth scurf. Seren with honey it helps the dimness of the eyes, so sixth Diosc. that of a wild Goat, with a third part of white hellebore helps the glaucoma, and cicatrices, white spots in the eyes, dimness of sight, the waif, & argema. With women's milk it helpeth broken tunicles. Applied to the eye brows it taketh away hair, so Albert. Marcel. With honey an. scrup. 1 put into the ear & stopping it after with wool, it helpeth the ears, though cancerd. Plin. With the ashes of a Serpent's skinn it helpeth purulent ears. With the leaves of leeks, or a like quantity of wine it helpeth the vices of the ears: Some add the oil of roses, or Woman's milk. Anon. With Aunt's eggs honey and celandine, put into the ears, it helpeth deafness. With honey it helpeth the quinsey, so Marcel. It helpeth the swell of the neck with the yolks of eggs boiled and Goose grease, an. With the juice of showbread and a little alum, to which some add nitre and water, it looseth the belly. Marcel. Applied to the navel with wool it expelleth worms. It helps the vices of the fundament, and inflammation of the same. With honey it helps the pains and ulcers of the yard. It mollifieth the callus of the womb. Plin. The spleen roasted helpeth the coeliack. Sext. Being drunk it helpeth the tormina. Sext. The dung with a Mans own applied, helpeth the grief of the thighs. Marcel. The ashes with water and wine, sc. of the bladder help the sheeding of urine. Sext. The secundine drunk in wine, expelleth that of a Woman. Plin. The milk with the ashes of crevices, with water or wine, helps against all poison, especially the wounds of Scorpions. Plin. Sext. It helpeth against cantharides. Plin. And the quick fading flower, drunk with the grapes of wild vine. Sext. Drunk it helpeth quartan agues. Plin. Some magicians use drach. 1. of Swallows dung therewith, against the fits of a quartan ague. Columel. It helps the fever in lambs. Plin. With the gall of an hedgehog, and brain of a Bat, it is a psilothron. Drunk with the powder of betony it stoppeth blood flowing out of the duggs. Columel. It easeth the erysipelas in Sheep. Boiled with the root of the greater fearne it helps gangrenes: Or with the meal of wheat, and camomile flowers. Aesculap. Drunk it helpeth the itch and bitings. Anon. Boiled with lineseed it helpeth the pain of the joints. Plin. It killeth nits. Marcel. If boiled it helpeth the alopecia. Absyrt. With crevices and oil it helps the headache in horses, being drunk. Plin. Being drunk with the juice of cabbage, salt and honey, it helpeth the opisthoronos: With the right eye of a Chameleon, taken out alive it helpeth the white spots in the eyes. Diosc. Dropped into purulent ears, and apostumated, it helpeth the same, with Bull's gall. Marcel. It helpeth the same, as also their pain, and hearing, being washed therewith and laser, dropping in after, warm Bulls gall, with an equal quantity of oil of cedar. Plin. It facilitats dentition, the gums being washed therewith. Sext. It fasteneth the teeth. Marcel. When fresh it helps the strokes of the same. It helpeth the tonsils and exulcerated arteries, washed therewith; so the Cows also. A little salt also, and the decoction of mallows may be added. Being gargled when warm it helpeth the tumors and swell of the tonsils, so the Sheep's. Plin. Boiled with the seed of cresses it helps the griefs of the breast: Var. The most purging milk is the Mares, than the Asses, Cows, and lastly the Goats. Plin. With honey and salt it looseth the belly. Marcel. Some add salt amoniack and drink it fasting; walking after it. Hipp. Boiled with honey and given with some phlegmagogon, it helps phlegmatic women, when great, and troubled with the headache. The schiston helps the epilepsy, melancholy, palsy, leprosy, elephantiasis, and diseases of the joints. Plin. The milk boiled with mallows, and a little salt, adding some curd doth mightily help the vices of the intestines. Marcel. Being tempered with the curd and drunk warm it helpeth the dysentery, being used for three days: so with barley meal. Plin. Being taken after half hath been boiled away it helps the colic also. Marcel. Being boiled with butter, it helps the tormina and coeliack, so the fat broth of a Hen boiled therewith. The injection thereof with amylun, helps the dysentery. Diosc. Having hot pebbles often quenched therein, it helps exulcerating fluxes, and the tenesmus, so that of a Sheep or Cow. Plin. Boiled with panic, and taken twice in a day, it helps the tormina. Marcel. Boiled with stolen bread, it helps the flux, taken twice in a day. Plin. Drunk with the juice of skirrets it stoppeth the belly. It helpeth the spleen, taken from a Goat that hath eaten ivy, drunk for three days, after two days fasting: so the whey thereof. The milk also half boiled helpeth children. Sext. With the curd it helpeth the dropsy. Applied to the belly in a Cow's bladder hot it helpeth the colic: Some apply it with a sponge, and a wooden vessel applied thereon. Aesculap. Drunk it killeth worms. With Crect wine, and the seeds of cucumber well powdered, it helpeth the pain of the reins. Anatol. with amylum, eggs and oil, it is given to horses that piss blood: Pelagonius addeth the juice of pellitory of the wall. Plin. With the softer root of dog stones, it provoketh venery: with the harder it preventeth it. Sext. Drunk with honey it helpeth women to conceive; as also the flux, aqueousnesse of the seed, and impotency. Anon. Applied it helpeth the prominency of the muscle of the fundament, & clefts thereof. Plin. The cheese taken fresh helpeth those that have drunk misselto: & helpeth against bitings, except those of a mad dog, being applied dry with origanum, & drunk. applied dry with vinegar & honey, it purgeth ulcers. When fresh with honey it helpeth quartans. Aesculap. applied it helpeth all punctures & pains. Marcel. Applied with honey and covered with cloth it presently cleanseth bruises, & blackness of the skin, Plin. When dry applied with leeks it helpeth S. Anthony's fire: With honey & vinegar it helpeth black pimples or weals. Marcel. Applied to the eyes when fresh, it presently easeth griefs: Also it helpeth the pain of the head or feet, so Sext. Marcel. Being applied after boiling with honey it helpeth the pain of the yard, being used twice in a day, the place being first washed with old wine. Plin. Stamped & applied it helpeth the carbuncles of the genitals. Hypocrates, maketh many remedies hereof for the use of women: in the book thereof. Gesn. Of all dungs the Goats is most used, being of a digesting & sharp faculty: so that it helpeth scirrhous tumors, of the spleen, and other parts. When burned it is of a thinner essence, and not manifestly sharper: Therefore it helps the alopecia, and other maladies that require extergent remedies, as the leprosy, scurvy, and ringworms, etc. It is also mixed with digesting cataplasms, which are applied to swell behind the ears, and long continuing buboes: for it hath an abstersive and digestive faculty, both burned, and not burned, but varieth according to the feeding. Some use it with vinegar against the bitings of vipers, and that of other beasts. Some use it against the yellow ●aundise drunk in wine; and the flux of women with frankincense. Plin. Worn in a cloth it helps unquiet infants, especially girls. Diosc. Boiled in vinegar and applied it helps the bitings of Serpents: so the bitings of mad dogs, with honey. Diosc. With vinegar it stops the violence of the blood. Sext. Applied it preventeth tumors. Anon. Boiled with barley meal it helps all tumors. Mixed with honey it helps luxations, and discusseth tumors. Plin. Boiled in vinegar it discusseth wens. Gal. It helps old buboes. Plin. Boiled in wine or vinegar it ripeneth what is to be broken. Diosc. Boiled in vinegar and applied it helps creeping ulcers, S. Anthony's fire, and swell behind the ears. Sext. Mixed with honey and applied it helps cancers: as also carbuncles which arise in the belly. Marcel. Warmed in vinegar and applied it helps all ulcers of the legs: the butter of Cows being after added with oil of cypress or bays. Plin. Applied with wine it draws out thorns, etc. out of the body. With the rose cerot, it being burnt bringeth the burn of ulcers to a cicatrice. Plin. With honey it helps luxations: With old wine it helps broken ribs, and after apertion and extraction cureth the same: Boiled with vinegar and honey it helps the pain of the nerves, or putrefaction of the same. Sext. With vinegar it helps the diseases of the joints, so with Barley meal and Vinegar in rustic Bodies. With Honey it helps swell behind the ears, so Sext. and with Vinegar it helps the contractions of the nerves, so Marcel. and tremble. Diosc. Burned and applied with vinegar, or Oxymel, it helps the alopecia, so Rhas. and Gal. Paul. Plin. So with Honey. Marcel. 7. pills thereof with vinegar applied to the fore head, help the headache. Plin. Marcel. Applied to the neck with bulbs it helps the opisthotonos. Marcel. Sprinkled with strong Wine, stamped, applied and bound to the eyes it helps all pains and swell thereof. Plin. Applied with Honey it helps the warring of the eyes. Diosc. Applied with vinegar it helps swell behind the ears, and applied with axungia: also drunk in Wine it helps the jaundice. Plin. Boiled with Honey and used to the belly it helps the coeliack, Sext. and the colic. Marcel. And strained in water with mulse and pepper, taken for 3. days. Gal. Many use it against hard tumors of the Spleen, and Dropsy. Marcel. Being powdered and drunk with Honey, and drunk in hot water it killeth Worms. Plin. In mulse it helpeth the stone. Anon. The dry balls powdered and drunk in sack, evacuate phlegm and help the cough. With barley meal and vinegar it helps the sciatica in rustic bodies, so with axungia. Some add saffron, mustard seed, stalks of ivy, flowers of the wild cucumber, and pellitory of the wall. Drunk with spikenard it provoks the menses, and bringeth forth the birth: powdered & applied in wool with frankincense, it stops the flux of women, and other fluxes of blood, with vinegar, so Diosc. With the hairs of a Hare and fat of a Sea Calf, to which some add the scrape of cedar, used as a fume it bringeth forth the menses and secundine. Plin. The urine of a Goat drunk, helps the great flux of women, the dung being applied. Drunk with the vinegar of squils it helps the stingings of Serpents. Applied with wool it discusseth apostumes. Marcel. Put into the ears it helps the opisthotonos: so Dios. It helps the pains thereof. Sext. So with mulse. Plin. With Cow's gall it helps the difficulty of hearing. With the fume it helps swell behind the ears. Diosc. With spicknard it helps the dropsy. That of the mountain Goat helps the difficulty of urine and the stone, taken warm with wine and water. Sext. It provoketh the terms in women. The description may be omitted, they being common. Jonst. They are very venereous, and generate when seven months old. They go five months, and usually bring forth one young one. They are friends to the Sheep, Tiger, Penny royal, and Sea holly: and enemies to the Wolf, Pardal, Elephant, Screech owl, man's spittle, honey, spindletree, the vine and fleabane. Their noise is like that of the Sheep: they feed in rough places. They so hang on rocks that they seem to stick to the same, sc. the Rock Goat.   

Gulion. Gulo.  

P. In Lithuania, Muscovia and the North parts.  
M. Of any dead carcases.  
N. Vultur quadrupes Scalig. Boophagos Crol.   
Gulion. Tops. T.U. Their skins only are in use, being white, spotted, & changeably interlined like divers flowers; therefore the greatest Princes and richest Nobles use them in garments in the winter time, sc. the Kings of Polonia, Sweeveland, Goatland, and the Princes of Germany; also it soon taketh a colour of all skins, and retaineth it longest. The outward appearance of the said skin is like a damask garment. Some think he is generated of a Wolf and a dog: he eats all the prey before he departs, and emptieth the belly betwixt two trees, till he hath done.    

H.  

Hare. Lepus.  

P. In England, Lybia, and other places.  
M. Of grass, corn, and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Arnebet. Arab. Ernab.   
HAre. Gal. T. The flesh begetteth thick blood, but it's of better juice than beef or mutton. It's good to be used in a drying diet. Celf. It's of a mean and good juice; it bindeth the belly and provoketh urine. Isaac: Though gross and dry, yet it's better than that of Goats. Anon. It's hot and dry, and roasted helps the ulcers of the intestines. It is good for old men, and those of a cold temper. Hal. It's hot and dry 2°. it's best when taken by hunting, in the winter, and in cold countries. It is good for those that are too corpulent, and causeth watching. It ought to be dressed with attenuating spices. Some also count it cold and dry, the former of which is conjectured from their timidity. The way of dressing them may be seen in Platina and Apicius. Gesn. Plin. V The ashes of a Hare with oil of myrtles help the pain of the head: Pounded with honey it helps the enterocele. Rhas'. Albert. The ashes help the stone. The ashes of the blood and skin, burnt in a pot, and a spoonful thereof drunk fasting in warm water, do presently help the same. So Sext. Those of the Hare help pissing of blood also. Hereof Nic. Alexandrinus maketh an antidote for the same purpose, and Montagnana an electuary. R. Mos. A Coat of the skin, strengthens the body of young and old men. The skin wrapped about a horse foot, that hath a tread, helpeth the same, being let blood in the pastern. Marcel. The blood of a Hare applied warm helpeth spots in the face caused by the sun, it being after a little while, washed off, using oil after it, so Cells. Vrsin. It produceth hair, beautifieth the skin, and easeth the gout. Some use the ashes of the head, or belly burned with the intestines, against the falling off of the hair: Some use the blood against their growth, the hairs being first eradicated. Diosc. It helps the dysentery, and fluxes, being fried and eaten; drunk in wine it helps against poison. Avic. Fried it helps the Apostumes of the intestines. Marcel. When fresh boiled with barley meal and taken it helps the dysentery and flux of the belly: so the curd. Avic. The flesh roasted helps the ulcers of the intestines. Rhas'. Albert. It drieth, and therefore helps the pains of the intestines, stoppeth the belly, and helpeth the ulcers of the intestines. R. Mos. It breaketh the stone. Albert. Fried with oil and used in a clyster it helpeth the flux of the belly, and ulcers of the intestines: Rhas. Albert. So baked in an oven, or fried. Avic. The broth or decoction thereof helps the gout and joint ache, as that of a Fox. Gesn. The fat is used to draw out things fixed in the body: Some add the flower of beans, and crabs for the feet. Plin. The ashes of their hairs stop bleeding. Marcel. So the white hairs of their bellies, being rolled together, and put into the nostrils. The ashes with oil of myrtles, Bulls gall, and alum, applied warm help the falling of the hair. Plin. Boiled with honey they help the vices of the intestines. Marcel. The hairs made into pills with honey, being often swallowed down single, conjoin the ruptures of the intestines: Some add the dung. Plin. The fume of the hairs bring out difficult excreations out of the lungs. Hypocrates useth them against the exulceration of the womb. And Aetius to cause conception, the fume being used. Plin. The ashes help the coldness of the feet. Diosc. The ashes of the head, applied with Bear's grease or vinegar help the alopecia, so Avic. Rhas'. and Albert. Gal. The ashes prevent the aching of the teeth: The same whiten the teeth with fennel, and the powder of the bones of a cutle-fish. With spikenard they help the stink of the mouth. Platin. The brain of a hare, as also that of a Coney, is very good against poisons. Diosc. It helpeth tremble, some add castoreum. R. Mos. As also against numbness and the palsy. Sext. Rubbed on the gums of children it helpeth to facilitate the breeding of teeth: some add Goats milk also. Marcel. Drunk in wine, and the testicles roasted, help the vices of the bladder: Plin: As also the incontinency of urine, so Marcel. Seren. and Gal. Rhas'. Albert. The tooth applied helpeth the toothache. Sext. The ventricle boiled and applied with oil and myrtles, hindereth the falling of the hair, and causeth it to grow. Marcel. The pills of the dung drunk with old wine help the dysentery. Nicand. The curd helps against poisons: It is the chief of all, and dissolveth blood curdled in the body, which is the property of all other curds also. Avicen also preferreth this, Arist. And it's best when stalest. In vinegar it helps against Serpents, and the Scorpion, and shrew mouse, etc. Sext. And it resisteth poisons: Some use it with wine. Plin. And drach. 1. drunk helps against the bitings or wounds of all marine creatures, and aconite, misselto, and chameleon: with vinegar it dissolveth milk in women's breasts. Plin. With Snails stamped, it draweth out darts, and the like that stick in the flesh: Some also add oil, frankincense, birdlime, and be glue, or mallows. With vinegar it stoppeth bleeding; so that of a Hart. Seren. Applied with wine it healeth old ulcers: Plin. and exulcerated botches: and cancers with a like quantity of capers. Plin. Magicians used it against quartans, with other things: so Seren Diosc. It helpeth the epilepsy, so Plin. and Gal. and Avic. drunk with vinegar. Plin. With a half quantity of sagapenum, & wine, it helpeth the want of hearing. Sext. Put into the ear it helps the pain thereof, which some affirm of the teeth. It dissolveth coagulated blood in the lungs. With terra samia and myrtle wine it helps spitting of blood; so Plin. Diosc It helps the coeliack, dysentery and flux of women. Avic. this (as also all other curds,) dissolveth thick humours, & coagulats the liquid: some add galls to stop, with wine, or warm water if there be a fever. Aver. Applied to the bellies of infants it doth the like. Aristot. It hath a certain fiery faculty, disjoying things that are heterogeneous: It doth the same in cheese, as leaven in meal, a little thereof communicating its taste and quality to a great quantity thereof: old cheese also hath such a kind of faculty, and therefore serveth for the same purpose, to stop and dissolve. Plin. It is given in the coeliack with bread, and with barley flower if there be an evacuation of blood. Marcel. It may be drunk in wine, or taken in soft eggs against the dysentery. It helps the tormina. Plin. With Goose grease and barley flower it stops the flux of urine. Gal. All curds hinder all fluxes of blood also. Plin. Applied with faffron, and the juice of leeks with wool it bringeth forth the dead birth. Simoc. used in a pessary it causeth secundity in women: Sextus applieth the same against the falling sickness, some use it with frankincense and white wine. Plin. The lungs so, help the same: and pains of the eyes, so Sext. and Albert. Plin. Drunk when dry it helps the womb. Sext. Albert. Being powdered and applied it helps kibes, and the feet hurt by the shoes. Plin. The heart of a Hare bound to the hands, and the dung of a Cow with the urine of a boy applied to the feet helpeth the quartane ague. The heart dried, powdered and drunk with a third part of the manna of frankincense drunk in white wine for seven days helpeth the epilepsy, by those that fall oftener it may be used thirty days together. Gal. It helpeth the pain of the womb. Plin. That or the liver being given with hot water to women fasting, with the earth of Samos, helpeth women's fluxes. Sext. It also helpeth those that spit blood. Plin. The liver boiled and eaten helps the coeliack: so in austere wine. Rhas'. drach. 1. taken helpeth the hepatick. Albert. And unc. 1. helps the epilepsy. Sext. The gall, with the liver of a weasel mixed sc. an. drach. 3, of castoreum drach. 1. of myrrh drach. 4. with drach. 1. of vinegar and with honey, or bastard wine drunk helpeth those that are vertiginous. Sext. Applied with honey it clarifieth the eyes, so Plin. and Hemelberg. Gal. With an equal quantity of honey, warmed in the pill of an onion, and put into the ear, it helps the loss of hearing. The spleen eaten helpeth the spleen. Avic. The belly with the intestines powdered, mixed with the oil of roses and applied, repaireth the hair. Plin. The reins drunk in wine expel the stone. Marcel. As also the pain of the reins. Montag. The testicles and womb help to coiture in men, and conception in women, with other remedies: Plin. some think, that they cause conception of males. Marcel. They help the pains of the bladder. The powder of the testicles taken by a woman in wine, after her purgation, causeth the conception of a male, so Sext. Plin. The testicles roasted help the incontinency of urine. Marcel. So the cerebellum drunk in wine. Marcel. The testicle boiled and eaten fasting, presently helpeth the pain of the hips. Gal. The powder of the matrice drunk by a woman purged of her flowers causeth conception. some use the womb in meats for the conception of males. Sext. The blood issuing from the womb of a Hare, with the curd, being applied, causeth the conception of a female: and the first being drunk by both causeth a male, and an hermaphrodite if by the woman only. Plin. The hucklebone used, prevents the pain of the belly: so Sext. and Marcel. Some use it against the stone. Trag. Being drunk out of the water of pennyroyal, it is an ocytotion. Anon. With misseltoe, coral, pearls, the seeds of peony, and the stones of Crabs. an. it helps the falling sickness. Plin. The feet applied to the vices of the joints, help the same. Plin. The dung helps burn: the magicians drink or prescribe 9 gr. of the dung to cause a constant stretching of the dugs. Rhas'. Dissolved with vinegar and applied it cureth the ringworm. Plin. The ashes drunk in wine in the evening help the cough in the night. Gal. Stamped and taken in hot wine it helpeth the vices of the columella, and difficulty of breathing. Plin. The ashes strewed on warm wine help the coeliack and dysentery: So the pills thereof made with wine. Plin. Boiled with honey and taken daily in the quantity of a bean it helps the rapture of the intestines. Aetius maketh a pessary thereof to cause conception. Rhas'. Worn by a women it hindereth conception: Albert. And a little thereof applied to the womb drieth up the menstruous blood, and mightily desiccats the matrix. Schrod. The D. of the powder of a Hare is from scrup. 1. to drach. 1. their eyes when taken in March, drive forth the birth and secundine, being dried with pepper, and the apple being applied to the crown of the head. The gall is an ophthalmick and oralgick. Jonst. The gall with sugar helps the wefts of the eyes. Their description is needless. They generate aversly, at any time of the year, and bring forth in copises, two or more at a time. They are enemies to the Eagle, Crow, Weasel, Fox, and Dogs. They live six or seven years; Their noise is shrill. They sleep with their eyes open, and hear well; they disturb their course, and leap about before their sitting. They use certain places; they are seldom fat when wild, by reason of their fear. In the winter they lie in sunny places, and towards the north wind in summer. They use to avoid bushes that their fur may not stick thereon, & squat on ploughed lands when hunted, being of the same colour; and make rings to avoid the sagacity of the hunter. They are presently made tame, and suddenly return when lose to their former wildness. The female hath a longer head and ears, as also a fatter body than the male. They differ in colour, fatness, magnitude, smell and place. Tops. When they are awake they shut their eyes. They seldom look forewards going by jumps. They rest in the day time, and feed in the night. When they are hot they feed upon hare's lettuce. They never drink; but content themselves with the dew, and so often become rotten. They copulate backwards, and often though great. They bring forth their young blind, like other cloven footed Beasts. They keep them not all together, that some may be preserved. When hunted they are to be kept from the upper ground, they running faster up the hill than downwards.   

Hart. Cervus.  

P. In Africa, Apulia, Batavia, and Britain.  
M. Of grass, etc. and hay.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Aial.   
Hart. Platin. T. The flesh is almost like beef, for it is slowly concocted, nourisheth little, and increaseth melancholy; it is most pleasant to eat, in the summer, especially in August; being then fattest. Cells. Being concocted it nourisheth much. The best are the Fauns, and are best when gelded, being less hot and dry. H. Sym. Seth. Being much eaten it causeth a shaking in the body. Avic. And quartan agues. Rhas'. It is hot, Avic. it provoketh urine. Vicent. Bel. The liver is very bad, and ill tempered. The young horns help against aconite. The way of dressing it may be seen in Apicius and Platina. Plin. The blood stoppeth the belly, Diosc. and helpeth the dysentery and coeliack, as also that of a Goat, or Hare. Albert. Rhas. Being injected with oil, it helps the ulcers of the intestines, and old fluxes. Gesn. Applied it stops fluxions. Gal. Applied with vinegar it is a psilothron. Rhas'. Drunk in wine it helpeth against venomed arrows. The flesh in rutting time stinketh, like that of a he Goat, and is then vitiated. Sym. Seth. The powder of the blood drunk helps the bitings of venomous beasts. Plin. Solin. The flesh eaten preventeth fevers. As for the marrow. See that of the Calf, and Bull. Solin. Ointments made thereof help the burn of those that languish. Gal. It is a paregoricotaton. Aesculap. It easeth pain. Used as an ointment it driveth away Serpents. Sym. Seth. It mollifieth hard cankers. Gyrald. It discusseth. Plin. It filleth and purgeth other ulcers, as well as in the legs; so the ashes of the horn. It helpeth fistulas with Venus' navilwort. The same helpeth purulent ears. With rosin, lime, Goose grease, and the fat of an he Goat it helpeth the chaps in the lips: some add onions. With that of a Calf, and the leaves of a white thorn stamped, it helps the ulcers and clefts of the mouth. Sext. Drunk in hot water, it helpeth the pain of the intestines, though there are tormina. Cells. Used downwards in an old dysentery, it helpeth it, taketh away the pain, and helpeth the ulcers. Marcel. With butter, Bull's gall, and the oil of cypress, or bays, it helpeth bruised knees. Hipp. Melted with fat, and applied with wool it mollifieth the womb: he maketh also a purgatory remedy of the same. A pessary of the same, with that of a Calf mollifieth the womb also: so applied outwardly. Rhas'. It helps the pain of the hips and sides, and fractures also. Agric. Used in a pessary it draweth forth the menses. Albert. It helpeth the beating of the heart, though some deny it. Gal. The fat is inferior to no mollifying remedy. Rhas'. It heateth and mollifieth or lenifies. It softeneth hard cankers, so Sym. Seth. Absyrt. given to a Horse with wax, it helps their cough of a cold cause, used with wine after purgation and suffumigation. Marcel. With tar, pissasphalt, and the milk of a Cow or Sheep, used every day it mightily helpeth the physic. Anatol. With a little wine and bean meal, given three days to a Horse it helpeth their pissing of blood. The tallow burned with oyster shells mightily helpeth kibes being applied, Sext. Hipp. when fresh the fat helps exulcerated wombs; he useth it also to purge the womb with other things. Plin. The fume of the hair helps the womb also. Sext. It helps against abortion. Plin. The shave of the skin, done by a punice stone, and stamped in vinegar help S. Anthony's fire. Magicians bind many amulets in the skin. Gal. Applied to the right thigh with the juice or seed of henbane steeped in Ass' milk it helpeth pissing in bed. Aetius useth the bones of the legs in the antidote of Philagrius against the gout: And in that of Julian being burned against the stone and epilepsy. Gal. The bones stamped and applied to the belly help the flux thereof. Solin. Plin. Of the horns the right is the best; yet Aristotle preferreth the left: the tops also are most effectual; as being more solid. They are used crude or when burned. Being calcined, and washed as cadmia, it helps the ulcers and defluxions of the eyes, so Diosc. Sym. Seth. It is cold and dry; yet it helpeth obstructions of the spleen; and the jaundice, arising commonly from the obstruction of the liver, by reason that it, (as also all things burned, except washed) retaineth a certain Empyreuma, and hot thin parts by reason of the fire; but when washed it only drieth and is emplastic. Sylu. Being burned and washed, it whiteneth the teeth, helps moist gums, the dysentery, and fluxes to the eyes, cleansing without corrosion; yet it doth not mitigate pain, or concoct, being cold and dry. Brasav. Being calcined and washed, many sell it for spodium. Being burned it driveth away Serpents: applied with vinegar it helps the bitings of the same: also some add the roots of reeds, ciches, and cypress berries burned together, and then they are to be drunk with vinegar and the juice of leeks, so Gal. Plin. The Hart burieth the right horn in the ground, serving against the poison of Toads. Gal. Burned with the heart and skin, and applied with oil it helps wounds. Sext. The horn drieth up all humours, and therefore it is used in ophthalmick collyries. The decoction thereof hindereth the growth of the hair, yet Orpheus saith that being applied with oil it causeth hair even on bald heads. Marcel. Some add the seeds of black myrtle, with butter and oil, after shaving. Plin. The ashes with wine help scurf, and lousinesse in beasts. Gal. The filings boiled with vinegar to a third part, help ringworms, Sext. so burned. It helpeth the elephantiasis, see Elephant. The ashes fill and purge all ulcers, except in the legs, so Plin. And applied with water, they help weals. The fine powder thereof with a like quantity of the fat, and a greater of lentils, being stamped, boiled, and applied to the face before, or in the bath often, helpeth specks in the same, so Mercel. Sext. so the ashes: the same with those of a sheep's jaw and wax softened with oil of roses, help the fractures of the joints, so Plin. Sext. drach. 3. with drach. 2. of lethargy mightily help painful gallings. Marcel. The filings drunk in wine prevent nits and lice in the head: so applied, and scurf. Plin. Marcel. Gal. The ashes applied to the forehead with vinegar, oil of roses, or wine help the pain of the head: Sext. So drach. 1. drunk with wine and two parts of water. Plin. It discovereth the falling sickness, so the stink thereof, so Solin. as also bitumen, the agath stone, the Goat's horn and liver. Blond. The largest horns are excellent against the epilepsy: some use drach. 2. of the tipps, with unc. 1. of misseltoe of the oak, and drach. 1. of the heart of a Wolf, with some powder of the hinder part of a man's skull. Aet. It helpeth forgetfulness, after purgation with the hiera Ruffi, and drach. 1. of ivory drunk in mulse. The powder with an equal q. of sponges, that have stones in them, drunk daily in wine or water fasting, helpeth the king's evil or swell in the throat. Plin. The ashes help the roughness of the eyes, especially those of the Tips. Gal. Burned and blown up into the nostrils with sandaracha it helpeth the polypus. Burned & washed it cleanseth the teeth. Diosc. Warmed in vinegar when crude, and used to the gums it helps the pains of the jaws, caused by the breeding of teeth, or it fasteneth the teeth, & bindeth the gums, so Gesn. Some use the powder of the crude horn; so that of a Goat: & the ashes with wine. Rhas'. Alb. or boiled with vinegar, so Marcel. sc. drach. 2. thereof being used with unc. 3. of vinegar: some add salt armoniac, pepper, and flower deluces with mastic. The ashes drunk, help the empycma, and haemoptysis. Sym. Seth. being much used it hurteth the lungs: for the former purpose some add gum dragant. Being burnt and washed, it helps the dysentery also, the coeliack and yellow jaundice, two spoonfuls being used, so Gal. Marcel: the filings, with a little live brimstone, taken in a rear egg, stop excessive vomiting: Plin. It helps the rheumatisme of the stomach. Plin. The ashes in vinegar help the spleen. It hath the same virtue as a Cow's ankle. Rhas'. Albert. The ashes drunk help the flux of blood, and ulcers of the intestines. Gal. unc. 2. of the powder, burned, with unc. 1. of  Snails, & plantain water help the dysentery, the quantity of a bean being taken with wine by those that are not feverish, or else with water: or so taken with an equal quantity of oil, Marcel. or with austere wine: He commends the powder of the young horns calcined, with gr. 9 of white pepper, to three spoonfuls thereof, and a little myrrh etc. against the colic, so Aet. Gal. The filings drunk in old wine kill worms. Some use it with Ivory: so the powder when burned, being drunk in wine or water. Albert. Rhas. or taken with honey: Some add chalk, worm seed, and the yolk of an egg roasted hard. Sym. Seth. It helpeth the strangury. Gal. The powder of it when burned, applied as a cataplasm, helps aqueouse ruptures, drinking vinegar: Some mix it with remedies against pissing of blood. Rhas'. Albert. It helps the pain of the bladder; and restraineth the moisture of the womb; yet it provoketh the terms. Drunk three days in wine it helpeth the hysterical passion, or drunk in hot water if there be a fever, so Sext. Gyrald. Worn by a woman, it facilitats the birth. The bezoar stone, or lachryma Cervi Agric. resisteth poison: They are produced by standing in the water up to the neck, after their devouring of Serpents, which they do to cool themselves, not daring to drink; these tears falling into the water, congeal, and are thence taken by those, that do observe them; the quantity is as that of a walnut: the D. is gr. 12. Physiol. it helpeth the panting of the heart. Plin. The lungs help corns, clefts and callosity, being applied three days; so the dung also: it helps gallings by the shoes: Marcel. yet that of a hare is more effectual. The powder with that of the gullet dried in smoke, and made into a johoch with honey, helpeth the cough: and the physic the powder being taken in wine: Marcel. so the former also. Marcel. The ashes thereof burned in an earthen pot help the dyspnoea or difficulty of breathing. Plin. The stone found in the womb when great, preserveth the foetus in women: so the bones, and those in the heart. Sext. The same bones tied to the arm hinder conception. Actuar. Arab. The bone of the heart, comforteth man's heart, by the similitude of its whole substance: some sell that of a Cow's tongue, in steed thereof: it is generated of the blood in the heart, it's of a reddish colour, and serveth to expel melancholic fumes, and helps the cardiack passion, syncope, and hemorrhoids, so Platear. Gal. the powder taken helps sterility in women. Gal. The ashes of the heart, with that of the skin and horn applied with oil help wounds. The curd of a Hind hath the same virtues, as that of the Hare; so that of the he Goat, Lamb, Hart, Buck, and Ibex, Plin. The curd of a hind slain in the womb, is very good against the bitings of Serpents, so Solin. so drunk in vinegar, Damoc. It's good against the bitings of mad dogs. Hal. So against hemlock and Toad stools. Marcel. It helpeth the empyema, and spitting of blood. Plin. Drunk in vinegar it stoppeth blood, so helpeth inward bleeding. Gal. Drunk in wine or taken with the cremor of rice it helps the coeliack, and dysentery. Plin. The curd of a Hart mightily helpeth the vices of the intestines, being decocted with lentils, and beet, and so taken in wine. Diosc. The curd of a Hind taken three days after purgation helpeth against conception. Plin. The genital is given in wine, as also the belly, against the bitings of Serpents. Diosc. It helps against the bitings of Vipers. Sym. Seth. So dried, filled, and drunk with wine; Sext. or so, taken with an egg. Sext. The same causeth venery being drunk. Xen. The ashes with wine applied to the genital of an admissary animal make it more strong for copulation. Rhas'. Albert. The powder drunk helps the dysury and colic. Aristot. The ashes of the dung being drunk in the quantity of three spoonfuls in mulse help the dropsy. Hal. The urine helps the spleens pain, inflation of the stomach and intestines; and dropped into the ears it helpeth the pains thereof. Aristot. The cleaning is eaten by them presently after bringing forth, and therefore it is counted medicinal, Bertruc. The extreme part of the tail is venomous, and being drunk causeth a contraction in the stomach, and intestines; also a fainting and death. It is cured by vomiting with butter, the oil of the oily pulse and anet; and afterwards with walnuts, and fisticknuts with lycium, so Avic. Ponzet. This is caused by an adust humour carried thither, that the rest of the body may not be infected. It also causeth sadness: and the eye is an antidote. Pet. upon. As also treacle, and the powder of the Emerald. Schrod. The horn crude helpeth putrefaction, corrects malignity, provoketh sweat, and strengthens the natural balsam: therefore it is useful in the small pocks and measells, putrid and malignant fevers, and other diseases requiring sweeting, sc. being decocted or infused. Being prepared S. A. by its drying faculty, it resisteth putrefaction, stoppeth fluxes of the womb, killeth worms, provoketh sweat, and is convenient for Children, the D. is Scrup. 1. to Drach. 1. or more. Being Philosophically calcined, it provoketh sweat, and helpeth malignant diseases: the D. is to Drach. sem. the D. of the volatile salt is from gr. 5, to scrup. sem. The water distilled out of the young Horns, helpeth burning malignant fevers: the D. is cochl. sem. a girdle of the skin serveth women to tie about their midles against hysterick passions. The genital is diuretic, aphrodisiastick, and helpeth the dysentery, and pain of the colon, being decoct or boiled in water. Schwenchfeld. The dry testicles drunk in wine help to venery. Gluckr. in Begu. The antipodagrick balsam of the blood applied helpeth contractures also from any cause, having a very great resolving faculty, by reason of its salt. The tears found dry in the corners of the eyes; dry, bind, strengthen, and cause sweeting; therefore are good against poison, and contagious diseases, being counted of equal virtue with bezoar stone: they also provoke the birth. The D. is gr. 3. or 4. The marrow helpeth malignant ulcers: as in the legs. The fat mollifieth tumors, bindeth wounds, helpeth kibes, and easeth pains: the destilled oil thereof mollifieth, lenifieth, and mightily easeth the gout used once or twice in a day. The ankle bone helps the dysentery. The stone found in the heart's ventricle, or intestines is counted equal to the bezoar in virtues. Jonst. (The description being omitted as needless) They are libidinous a whole day together, chiefly in August, and September, they go about 8. months, and bring forth one young one for the most part. Some say they live 3600. years. Their noise is unpleasant. They have friendship with the heath-cock; but enmity to the Eagle, Vulture, Serpent, Dogs, Tiger, Ram, and noise of Foxes: to the Artichock, Rosewood and red Feathers. They delight in woods, and places of their first education: they follow their leader. They are fearful even to a proverb. They rest themselves in their pursuit, and run into the footsteps of the rest. They use dittany against their wounds: they are fat in the summer & hid themselves when sheeding their Horns, they love their young and Music.   

Hedgehog. Erinaceus.  

P. Almost every where, except Crect, so Plin.  
M. Of Apples and Grapes, which it carrieth on the pricks.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Kipod. Acanthio ter. Gal.   
Hedgehog. Gesn. T. The skinn being pulled off, the flesh larded, & stuck with cloves, may be roasted, and so, some commend it as a pleasant meat. V the ashes of the Body burned, are extersive and digesting, as also of a drawing nature: Gal. Therefore some use them against excrescencies, and to cleanse foul ulcers; but Dioscorides attributeth it to the Sea Urchin; Avic. Yet the Ashes of both do cleanse, resolve and dry. Gal. The powder of the skin and head with Honey helpeth the Alopecia. Albert. The ashes of the whole mixed with pitch cause hair in cicatrices: so with Tar, or Honey and Vinegar: especially with Tar, so Diosc. Aelian. Avic. Rhas'. and Albert. Marcel. So with Bears, and it's own grease; so also the fresh dung with Sandaracha, Vinegar and Tar: Albert. Some add Galls, bitter Almonds, and Mouse dung. Soran. The powder of the shells of Sea Urchins, with Honey and Vinegar helpeth gallings. Rhas'. Albert. The powder of an Hedgehog applied helpeth the Fistula. Plin. The ashes applied with Oil help Ringworms in the face; the face being first washed with Nitre and Vinegar. Aelian. The ashes of a Land Urchin, drunk in Wine help the pains of the Reins, and Dropsy. Diosc. The salted flesh drunk with mulled Vinegar, helps the convulsion, Elephantiasis, cachexy, and fluxions of the bowels; so Gal. Rhas. Albert. But that of the Mountain is more effectual, better to help the stomach, mollify the belly, and provoke urine, so Rhas. and Albert. Avic. Rhas'. Some use the flesh salted, with Oxymel, against the Dropsy: Albert, even of all sorts, sc. the carnose, tumid, and citrine. Philes saith the ashes drunk with white Wine, help the pains of the Reins. Rhas'. The flesh bottled helpeth the physic: a plaster thereof helpeth the contraction of the nerves and pain of the belly, caused by gross flatulencies; and the difficulty of digestion. Plin. The ashes applied with Oil prevent abortion. The flesh eaten hindereth the strangury, and preventeth the pissing of bed in Children, so Rhas. Avic. In so much that being eaten often it causeth a dysury, though some say it cureth the same. Plin. That of the Sea, drunk with the prickles, expelleth the stone. Avic. Scrap. The flesh of that of the Land helpeth long fevers, and venomous bitings of Serpents. Avic. The fat (Diosc. or rather the flesh dried) helpeth the fluxes of the bowels. Aetius maketh a remedy thereof against hairs pricking the eyebrows, sc. of the blood: Archigenes addeth the Gall of the same, and castor. Rhas'. Albert. The blood with Honey and hot water, used as a gargarism helps hoarseness. The liquor of the left eye fried in Oil, put into the ear causeth sleep, so Albert. Rhas. Albert. Diosc. The Liver dried in the Sun serveth as the flesh dried: Avic. or against fluxions of the bowels. Aelian. It so, helpeth the Elephantiasis. Plin. The Gall is a Psilothron, so also mixed with the brain of a bat and Goat's milk; or other milks. Rhas'. The colliery thereof helps the eyes. Plin. With water it helps white spots in the eyes: and Warts. The Spleen used for two days with Vinegar of squills, helpeth the pain of the Spleen: Marcel. so being roasted and eaten. The Reins dried help the Leprosy, physic, dysentery and cough. Marcel. the fresh dung, and Sandaracha, with Vinegar, and Tar being applied, stoppeth the falling off of the hair. Marcel. the prickles of a Hedgehog, sticking in any part of the Body, or feet, are removed, the feet, etc. being held in man's urine warm. Schrod. Hartm. The grease helpeth the hernia; the inward skin of the ventricle helpeth the colic. Jonst. The flesh dried helpeth the like: The fat helpeth the stone. The blood helps the heat of urine. As for the description it is needless, being known to all people. It is an enemy to the Bear, Woolf, Fox, Viper, and Pondweed. When assaulted it contracteth the Body: it changeth the place of abode, according to the change of the wind. They generate after the way of rationals: they are either Sow-like, or Canine, as to their differences.   

Hee-goat. Hircus.  

P. In most Countries, of the World inhabited.  
M. Of Herbs, Trees, and Shrubs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Atud. Arab. Teus & Maez.   
Hee-goat. Aegin. Gal. T. the flesh is of bad juice and hard to be digested; the next is that of Rams, and that of Bulls worse: amongst all which the flesh of the gelded is better, and that of the oldest the worst. The flesh is very hurtful by reason of its hardness, and difficulty in alteration. Isaac, the flesh is of worse juice than that of Goats. Aristot. Bapt. Fire. it is vitiated and stinketh in the time of lust. Albert. by castration, it becometh more cold and moist. Aegin. The testicles resist concoction, and cause vicious humours. H. Platin. the liver, as also of the Goat causeth the Epilepsy. V Sext. The fume of the hairs helpeth the pain in the groin. Plin. The powder of the horn, with nitte and the seed of tamarisk with butter and oil, helpeth the falling off of the hair, the head being first shaved. Sext. The ashes applied with meal, help the scurf and itch of the head. Marcel. Mixed with the gall and an equal weight of myrrh, they help the stink of the arm holes, being applied after the removal of the hair. Matth. Some sell the blood of a Hee-goat, with dry services, etc. made up, in stead of Sanguis draconis, with rosin. Diosc. Avic. The blood dried and drunk in wine, helpeth against poison. Avic. It presently ripens hot abscesses: See that of the Bull. Aetius mixeth it with remedies against the Gout. Marcel. Applied it helpeth the Leprosy. Applied fresh it helpeth against hairs that trouble the eyes, after evulsion. Plin. It helps dimness of the eyes. Sext. It stoppeth bleeding. Plin. Eaten it helpeth the pain of the liver. Dios. When well dried it helps the dysentery, and flux of those that are coeliack. See that of Goats. Marcel. So roasted an the coals. Sext. mixed with rofin and fine wheat flower, and so applied to the belly, it helpeth the tormina. Plin. With marrow it helpeth the Dropsy. Avic. Drunk, it breaketh the stone: Albert. So with stone parsley and wine; some add the powder of an hedge sparrow. Some call it Manus dei: so Aetius, Alexander, and Avicen. Trallianus useth it outwardly also: and it helps the dysury. Marcellus addeth time also pennyroyal, the ashes of a polypus, white pepper, parsley, and the seed of Alexander. Marcel. It dissolveth the Diamond. some use it with vinegar or curd that it may not coagulate. Plin. The flesh boiled in water helps impostumes in any part: As for the marrow see that of the calf: but that of the hearts is the best, than the Calves, Hee-goats, and Shee-goats. Gal. The fat of kids is less hot and dry, than that of Goats; that of Goats, than of the hee-goat; and the hee-goats, than the Lions. Diosc. It is very discutient: Avic. It resolveth more, than the rest. Plin. With St. Katherine's flower, brimstone and flowerdeluce, it helpeth freckles and spots; and chaps of the lips, with goose grease, heart's marrow, rosin and lime. Columel. melted with old oil, tar, and Cow's marrow, an. it helpeth swell in the necks of : Plin. stamped with the feet of locusts it helps the Leprosy. Applied with locusts it helps scabbed nails. Marcel. Injected with green oil it helpeth the dysentery. Dios. Rhas'. Applied with the dung of a Goat, and saffron it easeth the gout: some add pepper, the stalks of ivy, pellitory of the wall, or the flowers of wild cucumbers: as also the stalks of elder, and the juice of torn sole. Gal. The liver is of the same effect as the Goats. Plin. It helpeth against the biting of a mad Dog, so Ponz. this, as the ashes of the horn or dung drunk in vinegar stops bleeding: or applied to the nostrils. Plin. Applied hot it helpeth the Leprosy. Boiled and drunk in austere wine, it helpeth the coeliack, or applied with myrtle oil to the navel: some add rue thereunto: Marcel. The same helpeth the dysentery. Diosc. Being eaten it helps the Epilepsy. The gall is more weak, than that of the Bull. It helpeth thyme warts; and extuberancies in those that are Elephantick. Plin. With Bull's urine it helpeth scurf; so with brimstone: as also freckles, with cheese, crude brimstone, and ashes of a sponge, mixed to the thickness of Honey. Diosc. It helpeth the dimness of sight: Gal. As also ulcers of the eyes, and white spots therein: and hindereth the growth of hairs that trouble the eyes, they being first eradicated. See that of the Sow, or Hogge. Plin. The spleen roasted helpeth the coeliack: Marcel. And applied warm easeth pain. Albert. The testicles roasted and eaten cause the generation of males. Plin. The dung boiled with Honey helpeth apostumes: Anon. mixed with vinegar, it helpeth black bushes. Sext. Applied with wine, it draweth out what is fixed in the flesh. Plin. It helpeth ulcers, except those in the legs. Gal. 15 globuli thereof drunk help the falling sickness. Applied with mouse dung, and Honey, it helpeth bare eyebrows, that want hair: the same helpeth the morphew. Marcel. Applied to the forehead and temples with vinegar of squills it helpeth the pain of the hemicrania. The urine with the gall of an Ox, helpeth the difficulty of hearing, being dropped into the ears. Gal. Drunk with Hyssop it provoketh urine. Sext. Drunk with spikenard and dry danewort, it helpeth the Dropsy. Anon. Drunk with the ashes of Ivory, it breaketh the stone in the reins and bladder. Schrod. The blood is alexipharmick & binding; so helpeth the dysentery, dissolveth congealed blood, & helps the stone: Used outwardly it ripeneth. The oil thereof is good against the stone; so the tincture, and against coagulated blood. The fat helps the gout, strangury, and pain of the hemorrhoids. The powder of the bladder helps the incontinency of urine; drach. 1. being given. The kell applied warm helpeth the ebullition of the spirits; so helps the colic, and madness, and expels urine. The decoction of the skin stoppeth the hemorrage, and diarrhoea. Jonst. The blood with the juice of groundsel, mollifieth glass, steeped therein. Mixed with vinegar it helpeth the vomiting and spitting of blood. The Description is useless, the beast being well known.   

Hornd-snout. Rhinoceros.  

P. In the deserts of Africa, and in many places of Asia.  
M. Of Herbs, and prickly shrubs, &c,  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Reem & Karas.   
Hornd-snout. Schrod. T. V the horn is good against poisons, contagions, and other affections, that have need of evacuation by sweat; and therefore it may be used in stead of Unicorns horn, when that is wanting: the D. of the powder is Scrup. sem to Scrup. 1. Jonst. Some eat the flesh, which is very nervouse. Zacut. The skin steeped in wine, is drunk in malignant diseases. As for the description, they are almost of the form of a Boar. They have one horn on their nose. They are as long as an Elephant, yet they have shorter feet, and a Boxe-like colour: they are enemies to the Elephant, and are not fierce against man except provoked. before they fight they rub their horn against stones; and strike at the belly, it being the softest part. Bont. When provoked by men, they will throw them down: when on horse back, as if they were but fleas: the flesh of which they then like off, by reason of the roughness of their tongue. When wounded in the woods, they cast down whatsoever is in their way, even ordinary trees. Their noise is like that of the Hogs.   

Horse. Equus.  

P. In England, France Spain, and almost every where.  
M. Of grass, hay, and oats. etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Sus. Arab. Bagel. Pers. Asbaca.   
Horse. Gal. T. Some eat the flesh thereof, even when old; but it is of very bad juice, of hard concoction, unpleasant to eat, and hurtful to the stomach; so that of Asses and Camels. The milk is drunk by the Tartars. It, as also the Asses, and Cows is more fit for the belly, than the sheep which is more thick; but they trouble the same, so Diosc. Var. Mares milk is most purging; then the Asses, Cows, and lastly the Goats. Plin. Being drunk it looseneth the belly. The Camels is most thin, to which this is next, the Asses is most thick, so that some use it in steed of curd, so Plin. Yet it as also the Mares presently descends. Marcel. The whey of Mare's milk, doth easily and gently purge the belly. The cheese nourisheth much, and answereth in proportion to the Cows, so Sestius. V Plin. The blood of a Horse corrodeth the flesh by a septick strength: that of a colt drunk in wine helps the jaundice. being let blood in the mouth and swallowing it, it cureth their worms. Anon. The blood out of the spur vein, being taken by them with salt, helpeth their plague. Veget. Applied it helps their weak parts. Theomnest. And fractures and luxations. Anon. Applied it helpeth their cold, and convulsive nerves, being used warm. Plin. The flesh and dung when going to grass, helpeth the bitings of Serpents. Sext. The fume of the fat, expels the dead birth and secundine: some use it in remedies against the spasme. The ashes of the bones with verdigrease, and the seed of henbane, sprinkled on their abscesses after opening with a cautery help the same. Albert. The teeth of a stoned Horse, laid under the head hinder snorting in the sleep: Plin. The powder thereof helpeth kibes, and clefts or chaps in the feet, so Marcel. Plin. The same helpeth the vices of the privities, and warts; as also the coeliack and dysentery. The first teeth applied help the toothache, and facilitate the breeding thereof being applied, so Rhas. and Albert. a Horse hair tied about warts killeth them, causing a privation of aliment. The ashes of a Horse head stop bleeding. Avic. The ashes of the Hid applied help pustules, by refrigeration. Plin. The old tongue of an Horse drunk in wine, easeth the spleen, so Marcel. Matth: The curd drunk in wine, helpeth the bitings of Serpents. Aesculap. The same drunk helpeth all pains: Dios. it helps the coeliack and dysentery, so Gall. Avic. and Haly. Plin. It looseneth the belly; as also the blood, marrow and liver: Gesn. but they all rather bind. Plin. The teeth help the toothache. Gal. The liver kept in a Cedar box, and given with wine of Chia and Water, helpeth the ulcers of the liver. Plin. The spleen drunk in sweet water bringeth forth the dead birth. The powder of the testicles causeth venery. The ashes of the hoof, applied with oil and water discuss impostumes in any part of the body; and wens with warm urine, so Marcel. Plin. Applied they help redness with the itch. Hipp. The filings of the foremost hooves given with water help the frettings in Horses: Hieroc. Veget. the same being injected into the nostrils, provoke urine, Plin. The ashes drunk in wine or water help against the stone, so Marcel. Plin. The fume of the hoof bringeth out the dead birth. The gall is counted poisonsome. The milk of a Mare, helps against the poison of a Sea Hare, and Toxicum. Diosc. Avic. Being drunk it looseneth the belly: Plin. And helps also the falling sickness, so with Boars testicles. Aet. It purgeth ulcers. Plin. The bath thereof helpeth the womb. Rhas'. Albert. It causeth conception being drunk. Marcel. The whey thereof gently purgeth the body. Aesculap. The cheese of Mare's milk stoppeth the belly, and helpeth tertians. Plin. The foam of an Horse used 40. days, before the growth of hair, restraineth the growth of the same; the same helps the pain of the ears, and deafness thereof, or the ashes of the fresh dung, with oil of roses: Marcel. The same helpeth gallings. Plin. The foam helps redness with itching; as also the disease in the tongue and jaws called die brüne: sc. that of a Horse eating oats or Barley, using the liquor pressed out of Crabfish after it, or the powder thereof applied: the same helpeth the cough being drunk 3. days, Marcel. and the physic. Rhas'. Albert. The sweat of an Horse mixed with wine causeth abortion, being drunk by a Woman that is great. Anon. Drunk with the urine in a bath it driveth away worms and Serpents: sc. out of the belly. Avic. The dung is of the same effect as the asses. Diosc. That of a Horse feeding on grass being dried, steeped in wine and drunk, helpeth against the wounds of Scorpions: Plin. So the flesh; and cured of a Hare with vinegar; and against the shrew mouse. The dung applied with vinegar, and a Fig, helps against the poison of a mad Dog. The digestion thereof, with vinegar, made in Horse dung, helps the eruptions of blood: So if crude, according to Diosc. Rhas'. and Albert. Aesculp. So the powder applied. Ruf. so applied warm; to which some add chalk and sharp vinegar. Pelagon. That of the same Horse hindereth too much bleeding, after phlebotomy, being applied: Albert. Rhas. So smelled to. Plin. And the bleeding of wounds, the ashes being applied with egg shells. The juice taken by the nostrils helps bleeding thereat. Aesculap. Dropped into the ears it helps the pains thereof: Plin. So the ashes of that which is fresh, with oil of roses; as also the want of hearing. Plin. That of a Foal, used within 3. days after, in wine helpeth the jaundice, so that of an ass' colt. It helpeth the colic. sc. that from oats or Barley, a handful thereof being boiled in unc. 17. of wine, to the consumption of an half, and drunk by degrees, so Empir. Anon. Plin. The ashes of the dung drunk in wine stop the belly: Sext. So the juice drunk: Marcel. The ashes help the dysentery taken in wine, or in water if there be a Fever: Plin. As also the coeliack. Hal. The fume bringeth out the secundine and dead birth. Plin. Some use the urine of an Horse, with steeled water against the epilepsy and to help the lymphatic. Empir. With wheat meal an egg and butter it helps the bleeding of , by the fundament, womb, or nostrils. Diosc. Gal. The lichens in the legs of Horses, powdered and drunk in vinegar help the epilepsy: some use the same against the biting of any beast. Plin. Put into the ears with oil they fasten the teeth. Drunk in wine or mulse 40. days, they help the Soda, and falling sickness. Schrod. The blood, especially of a breeding Mare is mixed with septick and caustick remedies. The milk of a Mare helpeth the epilepsy, phthisis, cough, and asthmas. The curd helps the coeliack and dysentery; the dung outwardly restraineth the eruptions of blood, inwardly it helps the colic, strangulation of the womb, & expelleth the dead birth and secundine. The fume of the lichens, helps the suffocations of the womb, and falling sickness; the powder helps the stone. The D. of the extract of the lichens is from gr. 5. to Scrup. sem. the powder of the testicles presently helps the colic and expels the secundine. The fat helps the luxation of the joints. The fume of the hoof driveth away louse. The hairs stop the flux of blood. The foam of the mouth, helps the heat of the jaws. Hartm. in pract. The water coming out of the mouth of a stoned Horse, preventeth sterility. The powder of the teeth is a dentifrice. The stone found in the stomach, called hippolithus, is of the virtues of the occidental bezoar. Jonst. Paul. Venet. The blood helpeth hunger and thirst. theophra. The cheese with liquorice, will preserve life, an eleven or twelve days. Aet. The whey of the milk purgeth the ulcers of the reins. Some say that the breath preserveth from the plague. As for the description it's needless, they live sometimes to 20. years of age and are the most salacious of all animals, after two years of age: It is known by often pissing, and moving of the tail. They are 12. months in breeding, and are provoked to venery, a nettle being put into the mouth, or rubbed on the matrix. Their conception may be known, by the cessation of the menses, and refusal of the Horse: It's thought they will bring forth a male if Horsed the 3d. day before the full of the Moon, and a female if 3. days after: Their noise is called neighing, they beat the ground in their going, they thrust their noses deep into the Water when they drink, and they are easily flattered; they observe their enemies, are very docible, of good memory; love their keepers, and are magnanimous: they love Hens, and bustards; but hate the Camel, Elephant, Woolf, Bear, Lion, Sow, Sheep, Ass, Serpent, Sea Calf, Apples, Figs, Gentian, black colours, and dead bodies. Their difference is according to places, parts, and accidents. Adrov. They or hot.   

Hyena. Hyaena.  

P. In Africa, Arabia, Caesaria, and Aethiopia.  
M. Of the flesh of other Beasts.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Glanos, Belbus, Arab. Akabo.   
Hyena. Gesn. T. the flesh is hot and moist: Gal. V The oil thereof, discusseth like that of the Fox, so Aet. Gesn. the flesh boiled with oil, helps the gout, and pains of the joints caused by cold: being of a thin substance and diaphoretic: Rhas. Albert. So decoct in water. Plin. Magicians, used the skin under those that were bitten by a mad Dog. Marcel. Shoes made thereof help against the gout: that of the head helpeth the headache, so Plin. Rhas. Albert: the blood with Barley meal helpeth the tormina: being taken, and applied hot it helps the Leprosy. The flesh and liver eaten, help against the bitings of a mad Dog. The nerves drunk with Wine and frankincense cause fecundity in those that have been disabled by witchcraft: and the fume thereof helps the pain of the nerves; so the marrow, and lassitude of the reins, Democ. Marcel. Plin The marrow of the back, mixed with its gall, and old oil boiled to the temper and thickness of an Acopon, helpeth all vices of the nerves, and pains. Applied it helps against vain species. The fume thereof driveth away Serpents; and it helps the bitings of Dogs being applied. The left part of the brain being used to the nostrils, helpeth dangerous diseases, of man or beasts. The eye taken with licorice and aniseeds, helpeth sterility in women. The teeth applied help the pain thereof. The left applied with sheep's skin help the pains of the stomach: the greater being worn help against fears in the night: the fume helpeth those that are mad, the breast being anointed with the fat of the reins or liver. Rhas'. Albert. Used to the right arm, it resisteth forgetfulness. The jaw taken with aniseed; helpeth horrors: the fume of the same draweth out the terms of Women. The dried  used with Alum helpeth the stink and ulcers of the mouth. The flesh of the neck being drunk when dried, or eaten helps the pains of the loins. The shoulders applied, help the pains thereof. The lungs taken in meat help the coeliack. The heart eaten helpeth all pains of the Body; as also tremble, spasmes, and the palpitation of the heart, the ashes of the same being applied with the brain: it taketh away hair also, so the gall, they being first pulled up. The fume of the flesh or bones of a man found in the stomach thereof helpeth the gout. The kell with oil helpeth inflammations in ulcers. The ashes of the back bone, with the tongue, and right foot of a Sea Calf, and Bulls gall, being boiled and applied with the skin of an hyen help the gout. The bones of the back help those that bring forth. The fume of the first and vl rib helpeth ruptures. The flesh and liver eaten, cure the bitings of a mad Dog. The liver eaten before the accessions, helpeth quartans. The sanies of it roasted, with despumated Honey helps the glaucoma. Diosc. The gall is very effectual. Gal. It's used in ocular remedies, as also that of a Cock, Partridge and certain other creatures; it is also stronger, than that of a Bull which exceeds, the Hogs, Sheep's, Goats, and Bugils; yet it's inferior to that of the fish called Callionymus, Sea Scorpion, or Tortise. The gall applied after evulsion hindereth the growth of hair, so Marcel. and Gal. Also it sharpeneth the sight, and discusseth the beginnings of suffusions, with Honey: Plin. And white spots in the eyes: Marcel. Some add that of Bears to it. Applied to the forehead it helps blear eyes with Honey, and saffron: Also it helps the argema, roughness, excrescencies, and cicatrices therein. Marcel. Used to the forehead it helps all pains of the eyes. Rhas'. Albert. That of the male bound to the left thigh of any one causeth coiture: drach. 1. thereof drunk with the decoction of spikenard helpeth the tympany: the membrane thereof, drunk in Wine by those that are cardiack, helps the same. With the Asian stone it helps the gout. The spleen helpeth the spleen. The flesh with oil, sc. that of the loins, helpeth the loins. The fume of the fat, hastens delivery. The bladder drunk in Wine, stops the urine. The womb with the bark of the sweet Pomegranate, helpeth the womb. The fume of the genital helps the spasme. The substance taken with Honey causeth venery. The feet applied, help the bleared eyes, ruptures, and inflations. The dried dung drunk, helpeth the dysentery: and applied with Goose grease helpeth the whole Body, hurt by evil remedies. This as also that of an Hog may be put into plasters against the bitings of a Crocodile, Hieron. Vincent. Bel. It cureth putrid wounds. Tops. as for the description, they are about the bigness of a Wolf; but rougher haired, having bristles along the back like a Horse's mane; the middle of the back is dented: the colour yellowish; but speckled on both sides with blue spots, which cause him to look terribly. Their eyes change their colour at the pleasure of the beast. They see best in the night. The neck cannot bend except the whole Body be turned about. Their heart is great, and the genital like a Doggs. They procreate with Dogs, Lions, Tigers, and Woolves. Their teeth are like Saws. The female is most subtle: she counterfeits man's voice, etc. in the night, and so gets a prey. They are enemies to the Pardal.    

I.  

Ibex. Ibex.  

P. They are bred in the Alps, in Cliffs.  
M. Of Herbs as other Beasts.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Ako. Arab. Ohal. Aegoceros.   
IBex. T. the flesh is not mentioned as to use. Gesn. V the blood helpeth the stone in apiate Wine, taken thrice in a day. Marcel. The dung with Pepper, Honey, and old Wine, helps the sciatica, and joint aches. The curd is like that of the Hare. So Serapio. and Jonston, etc. Tops. Against the stone, one part of the blood is used with 6. parts of the aforesaid Wine, and Honey, and so made luke warm, using a bath at noon and in the evening after it, for three days together. As for their description, the neck and hair is like a bucks, with a beard under the chin; the Horns are 16. palms long bending backwards: in other parts the Body resembleth the hearts. They are very swift, and of incredible agility in leaping: if they fall they couch their Bodies, betwixt their horns. They love cold, and otherwise would be blind. Their colour is yellowish, and the hoof cloven like a Goats. Hunter's drive them to the smooth rocks. They copulate by standing on their hinder legs, and leap on the hunters: their horns serve for bows.   

Ichneumon. Ichneumon.  

P. In Egypt, near Nilus, and other places.  
M. Of Mice, Serpents, Snails, Lizards, and Birds, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Must Pharaonis, Indicus, Lutra Aeg.   
Ichneumon. T. the flesh is not used. Aegin. Avic. V the fume of the hairs, helps against worms. Gal. The dung may be used in steed of the Cats. Marcel. The urine with the milk of a black heifer, presently helps the colic. Jonst. The ashes of the skin steeped in vinegar, help against the bitings of Serpents, men being anointed there with. As for the description, he is of the bigness of a Cat, but longer, haired like a Wolf, and nosed like a Hog, with short round ears, and black legs, with 5. toes in the hinder. He is long tailed, with testicles, tongue and teeth like a Cat. He is an enemy to the Crocodile, breaking the eggs when finding them: It hates the Asp, and all kinds of Serpents, and the wind. He bends together like the urtchin, to defend from cold: he sets up the hair, when seeing any creature, and sets upon all, with the rest: and the Asp when dirty.    

K.  

Kid. Hoedus.  

P. Almost every where, in England, etc.  
M. Of milk, after of shrubbs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Gedi. & Arab.   
KId. Gal. T. its next to Hogs flesh in goodness, Avic. it's less excrementitious than that of Rams. It is temperate, easily concocted, meanly nourisheth and begets thin and moist blood; it helpeth those that are of a hot and dry temperament. Plin. The lungs prevent drunkenness. The flesh is best in the Summer. As for the dressing thereof: it may be seen in Apicius and Platina. V Gesn. The flesh applied warm helpeth the bitings of Serpents. The fume of the hair driveth away Serpents. Plin. The fresh skin helps stripes. The fume of the hairs helps the womb. Gal. The broth made of the flesh, helpeth the quinsey, and inflammation of the tonsils. Diosc. The dry blood is very profitable in antidotes: Plin. It helps against poison. Drunk warm with vinegar it helpeth the spiting of blood. It is used against the coeliack and dysentery. Gal. The fat is less hot and dry, than that of Goats. The French make a pomatum thereof with camfire and rose water against chaps of the lips, and to defend women's faces from the Sun. Some add musk, gum dragant, ceruse, and Goat's milk, with cloves: And it's then of the nature of the unguentum album camphoratum. Some add washed lime, Goose grease, heart's marrow, onions, and rosin for the same purpose. Plin. The ashes of the thighs, help the ruptures of the intestines, stop blood, and cure biles with women's milk. Marcel. The curd is next to that of the hind, or hare. Diosc. It's equal to that of the Hare, being drunk, in wine against aconite; and coagulated milk in vinegar. See Hare. Hal. drunk it helps against toadstooles: Plin. And misseltoe, white Chameleon, and Bulls blood: and all bitings or wounds of all Sea creatures drach. 1. being drunk in Wine. It helps the spitting of blood, so with vinegar. Marcel. The q. of a bean taken in myrtle wine fasting, helpeth the coeliack, Plin. And the dysentery. Gal. With vinegar it helps the fluxes of Women. Sym. Seth. The lungs preserve from drunkenness. Marcel. The ashes thereof help itchings of the eyes, and rough eyebrows, being applied as stibium. Plin The ashes of the bladder help the incontinency of urine. The spleen applied helpeth the pain thereof, Marcel. And swell in Children. Some adulterate euphorbium with the milk of a Kid; but it may be known, by its ill savour when burned. Tops. If they keep together they show a storm at hand, else fair weather, and when they leap and jump. If geese swallow their hairs they die thereof. They are not to be separated from their dams till 3. months old, they are then to be fed with milk, three leaved grass, ivy, and the tops of lentils, tender leaves, or small twigs of trees. The hide serveth to make glue of: and the hair to stuff beds withal. The red or sandy coloured are the best; but their flesh is hurtful to the colic, else they are wholesome fod, roasted, or baked.    

L.  

Lamb. Agnus.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of milk first, then on grass, as the sheep.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Kebes. Adasia. Bidens.   
LAmb. Crescent. T. the flesh, is good, when taken from the dam. Platin. It is more humid, than hot; but that of a weather is temperate. Gal. Amongst land fourfooted Beasts, the flesh of Hogs is best, than the Kids, and lastly the Lambs; which is moist and mucous, causing phlegm; but the sheep, is more excrementitious, and of worse juice. Here Note that the flesh of all of them when newly brought forth, is mucous; but especially the Lamb and Pigs. See Ram, and Sheep. Their flesh is moderately hot, and superfluously moist, and therefore hurteth those who are of a moist temper; but helps those that are more dry: Also the younger it is the moister it is also, and more hardly concocted; so in other creatures, so Sym. Seth. and by its lubricity it quickly passeth out of the stomach. See weather. It is good meat for those that are strong and in health; but for those that are sick it is bad, for though it quickly passeth out of the stomach; yet by reason of its viscous humour, it sticketh too tenaciously in the parts. Athen. It is soon corrupted, by reason of its fatness; so Swine's flesh. V Aet. The flesh of a Lamb applied warm, after cupping glasses, helpeth venomous bitings, so that of other small and young creatures; as that of Hens, Kids, and Pigs. Marcel. The decoction of one that hath a white head applied, helps baldness. Avic. unc. 1. of the blood mixed with vinegar, and drunk 3. days helpeth the vomiting of blood, so that of a Kid. It helpeth the Epilepsy with Wine, so Avic. Yet Gesner denyeth it; antepileptics, having a●tmetick, or inciding faculty. Aet. With fat, the curd of a Goat, Kid, Hare, and the gall, together with Heart's marrow, and oil of roses and spike, being used to the matrix after purgation, it causeth conception. Plin. The grease applied with the slough of a Serpent water and bitumen, helpeth St. Anthony's fire; yet some affirm it of the Bears fat. Rhas'. The marrow melted at the fire, with oil of nuts, and white sugar, being drunk, dissolveth the stone of the bladder, and helpeth pissing of blood, Albert. As also pains of the genital, bladder and reins. Aet. The skin spread with pitch, and applied to the belly helpeth the dysentery with coldness. R. Mos. A garment made of the skins, strengtheneth the Body of young men. They heat more than those of Goats, and are better for the back and reins. Marcel. The ashes of the Bones cure ulcers, that will not easily be cicatrized. Gal. Plin. The lungs help gallings by the shoe: Diosc. And keep them from in flammation. Marcel. The ashes of the same with oil help the ulcers of Kibes. Plin. The curd of a Lamb resisteth all evil medicaments, and poison. Drunk in Wine it helps against aconite, and curdled milk with vinegar, so Diosc. Avic: it helpeth all venomous bitings, and those of all marine creatures drach. 1. being drunk in Wine, so that of an Hare or Kid. Plin. Drunk in Wine it helpeth the bitings of the shrew. Drunk in water it helps the curdling of the milk in the stomaches of infants: Plin. And the vices thereof, with vinegar. Injected into the nostrils with water, it stops its bleedings. See Kid. Plin. Salmon. the gall with honey helps the Epilepsy. Albert. Applied it helps Cancers. Plin. The blood that issueth out after gelding, applied hindereth the growth of hair, after evulsion thereof: The decoction of the feet, helpeth the pains of the bladder. The dung before they eat grass, being dried and applied plaster wise, helpeth the pain of the uvula and jaws, so Marcel. Schrod. the wool with the skin helpeth the quinsey, and other swell in the neck, being applied. Tops. They know the voice of their dams though amongst a 1000 Sheep, and the Sheep them by smelling on their back parts. They wag the tail whilst sucking. If they suck not their mothers their lips are to be anointed with butter or Hog's grease and milk. Salt is to be given to them after eaning; but the first are not to be nourished. The best are bred in the spring: and ivy preserves them.   

Linx. Lynx.  

P. In Europe, America, Lithuania, and Polonia, etc.  
M. Of the flesh of beasts, Cats, and chief the brains.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Lupus Cervarius. Oxyderches.   
Linx. T. The flesh is not yet used. V Schrod. The fat helpeth the resolution of the sinews, convulsions, and luxations. The claw is usually put into silver or gold, against the falling sickness or spasme. Gesn. The ashes of the claws with that of the skin, being applied help luxury in man or woman. The urine helpeth the loss of the same in man: Plin. As also the pain in the throat. Their claws are thought to help the spasme by signature. Plin. He hideth the urine, being medicinal, which after turneth into a stone, called lyncurius, (see my Pammineralogie) which being drunk is said to expel the stone, and to help the jaundice. Solin. It helpeth the pains of the reins. Jonst. Weck. The ointment of the fat, expelleth the stone. Crollius maketh a salt of the stone & crabs eyes. Euonimus mixes lithontriptick herbs with the blood thereof to waste the stone. As for the description, their head is little, eyes shining, and countenance courageous. They have teats in their breasts, and spots on their skin which is about three foot long, the hair is soft with a kind of a down; the ends of the hair on the back are whitish, to the midst of the belly: the ears are little and squarish, the beard is of white hairs, like a cats; the feet are shagged, with five toes before, and four behind. The crunium hath three future's, the teeth are twenty. They generate like dogs, and bring forth two or three. Their sight exceeds that of all other animals; therefore they are said to see through solid bodies. They are very swift, and forget their prey if they look back; and are rough in the winter.   

Lion. Leo.  

P. In Mauritania, Parthia, Getulia, and Syria, etc.  
M. Of the flesh of men, beasts, or birds.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Ari. Arab. Asad. Pers. Gehad.   
Lion. Albert. Isaac. T. The flesh is hotter than that of other creatures, gross, and slowly digested; causing pain, torsion, and inflation. Plin. Solin. The Agriophagi in Egypt eat the flesh, as also that of Panthers. Rhas'. Note, the flesh of all rapacious creatures inclineth to dryness, and easily generates melancholic blood in the body; but of all the rest that of Wolveses & Dogs is most condemned, causing corrupt humours. V Rhas. Albert. The blood of a Lion rubbed on a cancer, cureth the same. Sext. The blood rubbed on the body defendeth it from all beasts; but Pliny attributeth the same to the fat. Sext. The flesh eaten defendeth from fancies. Aesculap. it helps all pains, Albert. and the palsy. Gal. Shoes made of the skin help the pain of the feet. Aesculap. Being sat upon it helpeth the hemorrhoids. Diosc. The fat is to be prepared as that of Bulls, and is the hortest of all, and groweth more hot by keeping, and digesteth more than that of other fourfooted beasts; being more hot and of thinner parts; therefore it hurteth ulcers & phlegmons; but helpeth old tumors, scirrhus and spasmes. That of the Bull is so much less hot, than the Lions, as it is more hit than the Swine's; so also in dryness, so Gal. the fat resisteth poison; used with wine it expelleth evil beasts, and the smell driveth away Serpents. Aesculap. The fat of the reins used to the body driveth away Wolveses, Rhas. and flies. Plin. With oil of roses, it preserveth the skin of the face, causeth whiteness, and helpeth snow burn, & pains of the joints. Albert. mixed with unguents it remooveth spots of the face, which others affirm of the dung. Sext. The fat easeth all pains, as also that of the nerves and knees, being mixed with Heart's marrow and lettuce. Plin. With oil of roses it helps quotidian fevers. Sext. Being dropped into the ears it helps the pains thereof: Marcel. and the tonsils being anointed therewith. Being injected into the body in a clyster, it helpeth the dysentery. With the gall it helps the epilepsy. The brain eaten causeth madness; and dropped into the ear with oil it helps deafness. Rhas'. The dog tooth of a Lion hung about the neck of a child, preventeth the toothache. Plin. The heart eaten helpeth quartans. Albert. The liver drunk in wine, helpeth the pain of the liver. Bertrut. The gall drunk causeth present death; though some attribute it to that of the Leopard. With water it cleareth the eyes; and with the fat it helps the epilepsy, being tasted. Albert. A little drunk, cureth the jaundice. Gal. With honey it helps the ulcers and white spots in the eyes. Used in a pessary it causeth conception. Albert. The testicle taken with roses causeth sterility. Aristot. Their bitings and wounds are cured, as those of dogs, that are mad, and Wolveses. sc. By scarification, washing with vinegar, taking out the splinters; & applying plasters, to suppurate, purge, and cicatrize, as Aetius informeth. Jonst. The powder of the heart helps the epilepsy. The fat helps kibes. The powder of the bones drunk with agrimony water cureth simple fevers. As for the description he hath a mean head, square forehead, high eyebrows, eyes not very voluble or prominent, nose thick, jaws equal, wide mouth, neck large and thick, breast strong, metaphrens broad, and the middle of the belly narrow, legs strong and nervous, hair yellow and crisped, with five toes in the foremost feet, and four in the hinder. The Lioness is smooth & teated, the bowels are like the Dogs, the spleen black, the marrow in the bones is little. Their temper is most hot and dry, by reason of the heat of the heart. They drink little. They generate with the Panther, Leopard and Hyena, sc. the Lioness; and with the Dog. They bring forth after six months, and six young ones at once. They love the Dolphin; and hate the privities of a Woman, bristles of Hogs, wild Ass, Bull, and Ape. They look on the earth that they may not fear the hunter. They sleep with the eyes open, wagging the tail. Their noise is hideous. They will oppose a multitude of opposites: and run only when not seen, drawing in their nails. They are taken in pits.    

M.  

Mole. Talpa.  

P. Almost every where in pastures, and other places.  
M. Of Worms, earth, and roots of herbs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Arab. Pelagoz. Must terrenus.   
MOle. T. The flesh is not used in meat. Plin. V They help the bitings of the shrew; so applied, so Plin. Valer. Hal. They help the wounds of Scorpions. Sext. Applied they help glanduls. Arnold. Olivar. Their excrements with honey help the kings evil. Furner. The water in which they have been soaked till the hairs come off, used twice or thrice, taketh away hair. Ruf. The oil in which they have been boiled, till dissolved, causeth growth of the same in horses. The lie in which they have been often boiled used warm, causeth white hairs in horses. Anon. So the fat after long boiling. The ashes applied with the white of an egg to leprouse parts, help the same, so Albert. Olivar. So with oil or honey. Plin. Marcel. The ashes with honey help the King's evil: Vincent. And the fistula: Sext. Also it fastens the teeth. The blood causeth hair on a bald head, so Albert. Anon. applied with paper it helps the paronychia. Plin. Applied it helps the lymphatic. The earth he casts up with the head helps wens and impostumes, so the liver. The tooth helps the teeth. Schrod. The ashes of a mole or want taken inwardly with beer or wine help the running gout. The D. is scrup. sem. daily. The heart helps the rapture, one being taken at a time for three or four days. Jonst. The ashes help fistulas: They have little sight, but excellent hearing. Their description is needless. Tops. Usually they have a black dusky colour: when they dig after worms they creep out of the earth to avoid them. In July they run upon the earth to seek food, worms then being scant. Their enemies are Weafels, & Wild Cats. They may be taken by fastening pikes over the places where they work, with a bridge. They are killed by putting white hellebore and hemlock into the holes: also burn sulphur to drive them away.   

Mouse. Mus.  

P. Almost every where, in houses and barns, etc.  
M. Of bread, cheese, corn, and tallow, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Achar. Arab. Phir. Chald. Acbe.   
Mouse. Arnold. T. The flesh eaten causeth oblivion, and corrupteth the meat; yet those of Calechut eat them; it is hot, soft and fattish, and expelleth melancholy, so Rhas. and Albert. yet Gesner doubteth therein. V Plin. A Mouse dissected and applied, draweth out reeds, darts, and other things that stick in the flesh. So Marcel. After being flayed: and helps the wounds of Serpents. Diosc. Gal. Avic. Rhas'. Albert. The same helpeth the wounds of Scorpions. Plin. Applied fresh it helps the bitings of the shrew; as also itself applied. It killeth warts, so Rhas. and Albert. Some use the fat thereof roasted in a Goose against the scirrhus. Young Mice bruised, and reduced to the consistence of an acopon with old wine, cause hair on the eyebrows. Diosc. Rhas'. Avic. Albert. being eaten by children when roasted, they dry up their spittle. Plin. The Magicians eat them twice in a month against the pains of the teeth. Marcel. The water in which they have been boiled helps against the quinsey. Plin. So boiled with vervain. Boiled with oil and salt, they help the vices of the lungs, and spitting of blood. Being boiled and eaten, they help children's pissing in bed: Seren. So the ashes with wine or Goat's milk. Being dissected and applied they help the gout. Plin. The ashes help burn, Marcel. and the falling off of the hair, with that of cypress balls, the hose of a Mule, myrtle oil, that of a hedgehog, sandaracha, vinegar, and tar: the same with oil help the tetter. Archig. Applied daily plasterwise with axunge, it helpeth the alopecia, being first rubbed with garlic, Rhasis and Albertus add oil of bays. Galen useth them with honey and Bear's grease. And Heraclides, with those of hair cloth, and of Horse teeth, with heart's marrow, reeds powdered, and honey. Plin. though ashes dropped into the ears, with honey or oil of roses help the pains of the ears. Marcel. Plin. With honey rubbed on the teeth, they sweeten the breath; but some add the roots of fennel Gal. The flesh stamped with the yolk of an egg, to the consistence of a ceror, and applied with a linen cloth, helps the carnose inflammation of the cornea. Plin. Marcel. Gal. Avic. The fresh blood killeth warts. Gal. With the gall of a Cock, and women's milk an. it mightily helpeth suffusions. Plin. The ashes of the skin, applied with vinegar help the pains of the head. Rhas: Albert. The head worn in a cloth, helps the headache and epilepsy. Gal. The ashes of the head with honey help the alopecia. Some use them with hellebore and pepper after cantharides, tar, and nitre; as also flies torrified. Sext. The ashes with honey used ten days, clear the eyes. With that of a hare, and spikenard, they sweeten the breath. Marcel. The brain being steeped in wine, and applied to the forehead helpeth the headache. Used with water it cureth the frenzy. Sext. The heart taken out of a Mouse when alive, worn about the arm of a Woman, causeth no conception. Seren. The fillet of the liver drunk with austere wine helpeth quartans. Gal. The liver roasted in the new of the moon trieth the epilepsy. Plin. Marcel. Seren. The gall with vinegar dropped into the ear, bringeth out living creatures in the ear. Plin. The dung is corrosive. Aet. It is mixed with remedies against ringworms. Plin. With vinegar it helps lichens in the face, being first fomented with nitre and vinegar. Marcel. So it helps tetters. Myreps. With earthworms, white pepper; & myrrh an. unc. sem. mixed with vinegar, and applied it helpeth the hemicrania. Plin. With frankincense and sandaracha it discusseth the pani. Marcel. Seven of the pills applied to the forehead or temples, with vinegar, help the pain thereof: Marcel. Stamped with the herb strumus, and applied to the forehead with vinegar, it presently helpeth the pain of the hemicrania. With vinegar it helps scurf. Plin. Var It helps the alopecia. Diosc. So with vinegar, so Asclep. and Gal. some add tar also. Rhas'. Albert. Some add the juice of rocket, cresses, onions or garlic. Avic. And honey, Gal. and frankincense, white hellebore, and pepper, with toasted barley. Applied with that of a Goat and honey they help bald eyebrows. Plin. Seren. With rain water it helps the swell of women's teats, after child birth. Marcel. Given in any liquor it helpeth the colic. Vincent. Bel. It looseneth the body: Therefore some nurses use it for children, in suppositories, so Diosc. to which some add salt, oil, or honey. Marcel. Drunk with wine it helpeth the hip-gout. Diosc. With frankincense, and mulse it expelleth the stone. Avic. So with the water of honey. Plin. So applied. Avic. The fume of the decoction helps the difficulty of urine. Plin. Applied it hindereth venery in men. Hypocrates maketh a pessary thereof to bring out the foetus dead or putrified in the womb. Avic. The ashes with honey help the alopecia. Gal. It helps the morphew. Plin. With that of flies, a. with stibium and oesipus, they cause hair on the eyebrows. Plin. Seren. It helpeth hollow teeth being put therein. Plin. And the diseases of the fundament. Arnold. The urine corrodeth even to the bones, so Albert. Yet some attribute it to that of the Rat. Diosc. The bitings of Mice are helped, by green figs, and garlic, so Plin. Arnold. they hurt rather by their biting; than by their poison. Schrod. The fat helps the nerves, contractions, and cold. Jonst. They are often generated out of the filth in houses. They are enemies to elaterium, squils, coloquintida, Weasels, Hawks, and Cats, etc. And friends to marjerom, the roots of which they eat when sick. They hear quickly, and hate light in the night, if in the water they hang by one an others tails that they may be drawn out. Their difference is according to magnitude, colour, hair, smell and place. Gesn. The ventricle of the Alpin mouse helps the colic being applied: some use that fat in septics, and ointments against the malignant ulcers in Horses, and worms, with things that dry. Matth. The same mollifieth the nerves, and helpeth contractions. The flesh helps the womb; yet it's hot and hardly digested.   

Mule. Mulus.  

P. In Capadocia, Persia, and Babylon, etc.  
M. Of herbs and fruits, as also grain.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Pered. Arab. Beal.   
Mule. Aldrov. Plin. T. V Some affirm that the dust in which a mule hath tumbled, helpeth the desire of love, being sprinkled on the body. Ponzet. The infection by poison may be helped by putting the patiented into the belly of a Mule or Camel newly killed, the heat thereof resolving the poison, and strenghtening the spirits and all the parts. The ashes of the skin and the like, applied help parts burned by fire, they heat ulcers without impostumes, and help the gallings of the feet, and hips, as also fistulas. Rhas'. Albert. The marrow maketh stupid. Aldrovand. The parts cause sterility. The dry heart sprinkled with wine and drunk, after purgation, hindereth conception: Albert, so the testicles worn in the skin of the same. Diosc. The ashes cause sterility in virgins. So the reins drunk with the bark of white poplar, as also the matrix boiled with flesh and eaten; and the excrements of the ears, taken alone or with castoreum: or the urine drunk with assa foetida, and the sweat used with wool in a pessary, as also the skin and ears, are all atocia together with the herb called hemionos. Plin. The hairs of the tail cause conception. The ashes of the skin help adustions, and heat ulcers, without impostumes: also they help gallings of the feet, hips, and fistulas. Plin. The ashes of the hooves with myrtle oil help the alopecia; Marcellus addeth vinegar and tar, Sewtus useth the liver in steed thereof, with the aforesaid oil, & the ashes of the cones of cypress; so Matth. Marcel. the ashes of the hoof help the vices of the privities. Marcel. The dung drunk with oxymel helpeth the spleen, and easeth the pain. Hippoc. The ashes of the same drunk with wine help fluxes of the womb. Aegineta maketh a remedy of the urine against the gout. Plin. Applied with the dung it helps corns. The lichens drunk in oxymel help the epilepsy. Marcel. The foam of the mouth drunk in warm water helpeth shortness of breath. So Aldrov. Gesn. Their bitings, are cured as those of the Cat, & to be fomented with the decoction of nep. Schrod. The fume of the hoof stops the menses.   

Musk-catt. Moschius.  

P. In China, Africa, Egypt, Cathai, and Pegu.  
M. Of sweet things, as spicknard, etc.  
N. Moschi Capreolus. Dorcas Moschi. Gazella Ind.   
Musk-catt. Schrod. T. Musk is hot 2°. dry 3°. it doth attenuate, discuss, and is cordial, alexipharmick and cephalick. V It's used chiefly in all affections of the heart, as the palpitation thereof, drunk or applied, it cherishing the vital spirits, exalting and recreating the same: therefore it is good in diseases of the head and nerves, caused by cold, and thick humours, it is also very good in the colic, etc. Outwardly it extenuats thin wefts in the eyes, and drieth up humid defluxions. It provoketh to venery, and helpeth hearing, being put into the cares with cotton. The D. is gr. 4. or 5. H. By reason of its sweetness it attracteth the womb, and therefore it's not to be given to Women: sc. those that are troubled with the rising of the mother; but it may then be applied to the privities, with good success. Hereof is made the species diamoschu dulce & amarum in the London Dispensatory, and musked oil: Gesn. Sym. Seth. Constantin. Musk is hot and dry 3°, and of thin parts. It heateth also, applied outwardly. So Brasav. It's dryness appeareth by its excess in odour, this having its foundation in siccity; yet it hath many humid parts, with a thick moisture, so Aristot. Constant. it is agreeable to old men in the winter. Platear. It dissolveth and consumeth. Mon. in Mes. a small quantity thereof is of great efficacy, and therefore it's put sparingly into medicines, and then not stamped, but being first dissolved in rose-water, etc. Avic. It is a theriaca against poisons, especially napellus. Sym. Seth. etc. It strengtheneth weak parts. Sylu. Aet. It's used therefore in analeprick remedies. Sym. It helps against lipothymy, and weakness. It strengtheneth the liver, and helpeth the pain of the stomach caused by cold, being given with wine, or diamargariton, or pleres archonticon, in the aforesaid dose, so Platear and Isid. It strengtheneth the heart and all the bowels applied as a cataplasm; it strengtheneth all the members, yea even the very bones, as some affirm: applied it helps the heaviness of the head, and vertigo caused by the abundance of humours, and causeth sleep, Avic. Aver. It strengtheneth the heart, and exhilerateth. Sym. It helps those that are cardiack. Avic. It helps the trembling of the heart, and the temperate brain. Sym. It helpeth the head when cold, but hurteth it when hot, Rhas. causing the headache, Sylu. and epilepsy, Brasav. and suffocation of the womb: Also it causeth heaviness and repletion, and headache. It heateth and drieth the brain; but strengtheneth it with sternutatories. Constantin. Used in ptarmicks it helpeth the palsy. Mesarug. It helpeth the soda (that is an old head ache,) followed by great humidity. With saffron and a little camphire it helps the cold soda: As also musk used alone by reason of its resolving and confirming faculty, so Avic. it helps stupefaction in the body, and deasenesse. Avic. Aver. It helps the careful melancholy. Constant, It expels melancholic fear, and maketh courageous. It's used in collyries and dry ocular remedies, cleansing white spots, drying up noxious humours, and strengthening the eyes, so Avic. Rhas'. it helps nauseousness and the appetite. Aver. It dissolveth thick flatulencies in the intestines: and helps the suffocation of the womb. (sc. being applied downwards.) So Platear. sc. the fume: applied to the nostrils it helps the precipitation thereof. To bring forth the menses, and cause conception hindered by a cold cause, it may be used downwards with triphera magna, as also a pessary made of styrax calamita, amber and this; so cotton, with moscheline oil and musk. Also it hath a certain humidity, causing coiture, especially applied to the yard, with the oil of Palma Christi: Brasav. or in Women anointed on the colon. therefore, (it being aphrodisiastick) some use it in diasatyrion. Platear. Being eaten it palliats the stink of the mouth, so moschardins: and the smell of the armholes, they being rubbed therewith. Jonst. Mercurial. Applied to the nostrils it draweth forth blood, it opening the nostrils; but it's much used in analeptics, tremble, sweet balls, flatulencies, the syncope, fumes, smegmas, trageas, and ointments. Schrod. As for the description they are not much unlike Goats. As for the musk it is an excrement contained in an imposthume, about the navel, produced in the time of venery, which by reason of the pain, they rub against stones or roots of trees, and so break it that the sanies may run forth, which then sticketh to the same, and by reason of a further elaboration by the Sun, it becomes most sweet musk. Some also cut off the vomice and hang it in the Sun; but this is more immature, and worse. C. Platear. The best is of a spikenard colour. Brasav. The sweetest is the blackish. Jonst. It may be adulterated many ways, especially the black and reddish, sc. with four parts of Goat's blood, to one thereof, Alex. Benedict. Or with a Kid's liver, Gesn. or the root of angelica. Some feign a vessicle & so fill it, seasoning it with musk, but this is twice so heavy as the true, & is sooner softened in water. Some adulterate it with nutmegs, cinnamon, cloves, and spikenard an With musked rose-water, or benjamin, storax and Laudanum. It's scent is recovered by hanging it in a jakes, and is kept in glasses.    

O.  

Oryx. Oryx.  

P. In Lybia and in Egypt, also in other places.  
M. As of the wild Goats.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Orynx. Orix. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Oxyceros.   
ORyx. Jonst. T. V The water in which their horns have been infused certain days being drunk, helpeth those that have been bitten by a venomous fish, or beast. Tops. As for the description it differeth little from that of wild Goats, but only that the hair groweth averse. In quantity it is like the Roe. The horns are upright, black, and so sharp that they pierce brass or iron, Herrod. Pol. Laur. Val. and serve to make musical instruments of. They are accounted enemies to the rising of the Sun or Moon; and love the little dog Star, cold and rain then passing away. When they see a Boar, Bear, or Lion, they bend their horns to the earth, till the assault be made, and so gore the beasts, so that they forget the combat licking up their own blood. They fight till victors or overcome, they fight with all beasts, and kill one an other. It's said to be always thirsty, yet having a bladder in it that quencheth thirst in others. They are taken by snares.   

Otter. Lutra.  

P. Often in Europe, as in England by rivers.  
M. Of fishes, tops of plants, fruits, and barks.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Canis fluviatilis. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
Otter. Gesn. Albert. T. The flesh is cold and foetid; Hier. Trag. yet some eat them in Germany. V Aelian. The blood mixed with vinegar and water, helpeth swell of the nerves. Shoes made of the skin, are very good for the sinews: Aet. And mightily help pains thereof, and of the feet: Pliny attributes the same to that of the Beaver. Albert. The skin helps against the palsy. Her. So caps made thereof; as also the vertigo, and pain of the head. Gesn. The liver baked helps the dysentery. Hermol. The testicles help the epilepsy, and have the virtue of Castoreum, so Aet. But are less effectual, so Brasav. Herodot. They are useful in remedies for the womb, or to help the matrix. Jonst. The flesh is gross and pituitous. Holler. The fat, the body being stuffed, with digestive remedies, and roasted, helpeth the pain of the nerves. Stools covered with the skin help the hemorrhoids: they breathe often after diving, and smell fish far, & fish-pools. As for the description he is more long and slender than the Beaver, headed like a Dog, toothed like a hound, and eared like the Beaver, with a long tail; legged like a Fox, short haired, and of a chestnut colour.   

Ounce. Vncia.  

P. They are bred in Lybia, and other places.  
M. It liveth upon flesh.  
N. Vnzia. Vnctia, Lozanum Tops.   
Ounce. Tops. T. V the gall is deadly poison; it hateth all creatures and destroyeth them, especially men: and loveth none but it's own kind. Dr. Cay, as for the description, it's most cruel, and of the bigness of a mastiff Dog: with a face and ears like a Lion; Body, tail, feet, and nails like a Cat; a terrible aspect, teeth so sharp that they can cut wood, and strong nails for defence, and betwixt an oak and ash colour with black spots. They fight at the head.    


Panther. Panthera.  

P. In Africa, Asia, Pamphylia. and Bengala, etc.  
M. Of Flesh, especially of Dogs, Apes, and Lambs.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Leopardus. Pardus. Pardalis.   
Panther. Rhas'. Albert. T. the flesh is hot and dry: Solin Yet the Agriophagi of Egypt eat them. Gal. and others. V Gesn. Some say that the skin of a Leopard being lain on, driveth away Serpents. Sylu. The fat of a Pardall is hot, and dry, next to that of Lion, and the Bears next to this. Rhas'. The sat of a Leopard is gross and sharp, it's subtlety appears in those that have a pulse in their temples, and the vertigo, the smell thereof being taken whilst it is roasting: Albert. Also it helps against the palsy, and palpitation of the heart. Albert. With oil of bays, it helps the Scab and Ringwormes. The blood helps the swell of the veins or varices, being used warm. The flesh is hot and dry. The brain with the juice of rocket applied to the genital of a man, causeth lust, but the marrow drunk helps the pains of the womb. Bertrat. The gall of a Leopard drunk doth presently kill. Matth. It presently causeth a vomiting of green and pale choler; as also the smell and taste of aloes in the nostrils and mouth, and the jaundice. The antidote after vomiting, is of the earth of Lemnos, and bay berries, an. p. 1. of the curd of a Capreol. p. 3. of the seed of rue, and Myrrh an. p. sem. made up with honey, the D. is the q. of a Nut with vomiting, and a sweet bath: It causeth all the Symptoms that Napellus, and the bitings of vipers do, and is so cured. Gesn. The Leopard is a most hot creature, as may be conjectured from his black spots, and swift motion: therefore the gall burneth the humours by its heat, and killeth within 6. hours. Sticking to the muscles of the ventricle it causeth spasmes. The Scythians poison their arrows therewith that they may kill the sooner, so Ponzet. Matth. the stone called lingua Serpentis by its sweat showeth the gall of a Leopard, Viper or napellus. So Math. and upon. Albert. The sixth part of drach. 1. taken with water, hindereth generation and causeth sterility. Rhas'. Albert. The right testicle of a Leopard, being drunk by a Woman, though ancient, causeth the menses, and the more, being often used; the same may be stopped by the fresh seed of fleawort. The remedies against Panthers and Bears, see in Lion, Avic. They are cured by attraction, and then as other wounds. Jonst. The fat is cosmetick. As for the description they have a little face, great mouth, little shining wandering eyes, long forehead, round ears, long and thin neck, breast with small ribs, long back, fleshy buttocks and thighs, various colour, and an asymmetrous body. They accompany with the Lion, Dog, or Woolf, and bring forth many. They hate Men, Serpents & garlic, & the Hyena.   

Porcupine. Hystrix.  

P. In all Africa and India, also in Italy and France.  
M. Of apples, rapes, pares, parsnips, and bread.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Arab. Adaldal. Acanthocoiros.   
Porcupine. Gesn. T. The flesh, as that of an hedg-hogg, though it be not much eaten; yet it helps the stomach, looseneth the belly, and helpeth the leprosy, and scab; being salted it cureth the dropsy, and preventeth pissing in bed, so Platin. and Plin. also the ashes drunk preserve the birth, and prevent abortion, so that of an hedg-hogg applied with oil. Jonst. Agric. They have mouths like the Hare, four long teeth, fore feet like the Baddger, and hinder like the Bear; on the back and sides divers coloured prickles, partly black partly white, of two or three hands length, which they erect as the Peacock doth the tail, and ejaculate, when entering into their harbour: And they seek their prey in the night chiefly. Women use their quills to part their hair, Pliny useth them to pick the teeth withal, they strengthening the same. They are terrene or marine as to their differences.    

R.  

Rainger. Rangifer.  

P. In japponia, Swecia, Norwegia, and other places.  
M. Of mountain moss, leaves, and herbs.  
N. Reingus. Franc. Raingier. Germ. Rein.   
RAinger. Jonst. T. The milk is a domestic nutriment, and the whey serveth as drink. V the skin serveth as a covering for the body and beds, as also to make bellows of, being tough; the nerves serve in steed of flax to sow withal: the bones and horns to make bows of. The flesh dried in the smoke lasteth many years. The hooves help the spasme. The hair serveth to stuff cushions withal. As for the description, their head is like a Calves, the mane like a Horses, the horns ramous, smooth, slender, longish, and stretched backwards; in other things considering the proportion, they are like the common Hearts. Tops. They change their colour according to the time of the year, and quality of the place in which they feed. Their hoof is movable, which they spread in the snow and so avid their enemies. They are used to draw when tamed; they go in herds, and live hardly. The females are without horns, and yield milk.   

Ram. Aries.  

P. Almost every where, in all countries.  
M. Of herbs, leaves, hay, and grains.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Ail. Arab. Kabsa. Pers. Nerameish.   
Ram. Gesn. T. The flesh in respect of concoction and juice is the worst, next that of Goats; and the Bulls the worst of all: amongst all which the gelded is best, and the oldest the worst, so Gal. Avic. that of Goats is less excrementitious, this is stronger and less excrementitious, this is less moist than the flesh of Sheep, and harder of concoction. The young are less humid and viscous, and so better, than that of Lambs or Sheep; for being well concocted, they generate much and good blood, especially the castrate, being temperately hot and moist, and therefore of good taste; but it is worst when old, being then most cold. This is best when of a year old, sc. for young people, of a hot and dry temperament, and those that live in such countries, so Isaac. Aet. the lungs powdered are very hardly digested. Arnold. The marrow is thought to be venomous, and so contrary to man's nature; so that it will destroy the memory; the antidote is the flesh of a Pheasant. V Gesn. The skin of a Ram hot, helps wounds by strokes, and bruises. Arnold. The plaster made thereof helpeth ruptures. Plin. The testicles of a cock anointed with Goose grease, applied therewith hinder venery. The wool washed in cold water and sprinkled with oil, helps the evil inflammation of the womb, and the fume helpeth the falling down of the same, so Sextus. Myreps. the fume of the wool, that groweth betwixt the horns helpeth the hemicrania. Some use the ashes thereof with vinegar. Marcel. So against the headache: also the ashes of the wool mixed with water and applied help the vices of the privities, so Plin. being new shorn and applied to the hands and feet, it stoppeth bleeding. The flesh with the broth of coleworts, helpeth against cantharides: The ashes thereof help the morphew and ringworms, as also the bitings of Serpents and Scorpions, and those of a mad Dog with wine. Avic. The same help white spots in the eyes. Sext. The fat with sandaracha, helpeth kibes, mixed with alum; and the scab without it. Plin. With the ashes of a pumice stone, and a like quantity of salt, it helps felons. The lungs help the colour of cicatrices, and the fat with nitre. Plin. Marcel. The gall with the fat helps the gout. Marcel. The ashes of the horns, mixed with oil and applied, after shaving, curl the hair. Some use the head with aromatics against folly arising from the distemper of the brain. Plin. The lungs consume excrescencies in ulcers: Marcel. So applied warm. Plin. They help the discolouring of cicatrices, so Sext. And help gallings, Marcel. As also kibes and ruptures of the feet. Sext. The liquor thereof, applied helps clavicles in the hands or privities. Plin. The sanies helps ringworms also Aesculap. the liquor of it boiled helps tertians, and the diseases of the reins. Marcel. It helpeth kibes applied crude. Albert. The belly boiled with Wine, and mixed with water, and given to drink to Sheep, helpeth the pestilence of the same. Hal. The gall helps the pain of the ears, caused by cold. Plin. Marcel. With the fat it helps the gout. Plin. The old testicles, the q. of a penny weight being taken in water or Ass' milk, help the Epilepsy, abstaining from Wine 5. days before and after. Plin. The ashes of the thighs applied with women's milk with clean  help biles. The ashes of the claw with honey cure the bitings of a Shrew. Sext. The Sordes which the Ram hath betwixt the thighs, with equal parts of myrrh and birthwort, drunk help the jaundice, Pliny affirmeth the same of that of the ears also. Jonst. the lungs roasted prevent ebriety. Hippoc. the liver helps, wefts, or blood shotten eyes, blowed in. Tops. The best for breed are the one coloured, tall, strait, large bellied, full of wool, long and rough tailed, with a broad forehead, large testicles, & broad shoulders and buttocks. They should be 2. years old before they copulate, and kept apart before the time of conjunction, being fed with Barley, Onions, Solomon's seal, Satyrion, and salt water: the fittest time for admission is in October, the cold of the Winter being then over before the time of ening: they may be kept 8. years for that purpose; but then they seek the eldest yewes chiefly.   

Rat. Sorex.  

P. In England, and Spain, and other places.  
M. Of Bread, Corn, Pulse, Flesh, Cheese, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Rattus. Ital. Rato.   
Rat. Plin. T. V the Body being eaten by those that are great, causeth black eyes; so Seren. Plin. The fat helpeth the palsy, so that of the dormouse. The ashes with the fat and honey, help the waterings of the eyes. Sext. And being taken every day clear the eye sight. Marcel. Applied with oil they help kibes. Tops. Their flesh is fare more hot and sharp, than the flesh of the vulgar Mouse; so it's more likely to expel and dry more. Their excrements also are of the same virtue. The dung helps the falling off of the hair. They are most venomous in the time of lust and copulation, the very urine falling upon a bare place causing a rotting of the flesh; even to the bones: neither will it suffer any scar to be made upon the ulcers. They are killed by the same poisons and meats, that the common mice are killed by, except Wolveses bane which they vomit up.   

Rock-goat. Rupicapra.  

P. In Persia, and the East-Indies, etc.  
M. Of Alpish herbs, and the black root of doronicum.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Capra Alpina, Montana, & Sylu.   
Rock-goat. Jonst. T. the flesh is dry, and of melancholic juice. V The warm blood helpeth the vertigo, so Schrod. the fat taken with milk helps the physic and exulceration of the lungs. The powder of the liver helpeth the flux of the belly. The gall cureth the waif in the eye, and nyctalops. The dung wasteth and expels the stone. The stone found about the stomach, like that of Bezoar, of a black colour, sweet smell, and of the bigness of a Walnut: helpeth malignant fevers, poisons, and the plague, etc. in somuch, that some call it the Germane Bezoar. The D. is gr. 15. to 20. and as a prophylactick 4. or 5. So Casp. Bauh. de lap. Bez. Tops. They are in bigness like the common Goat, but higher, their colour is between brown and red, they are of the first colour in Winter and the last in Summer. Their horns crook backwards to their shoulders; they leap fare, and love their young exceedingly.   

Roebuck. Capreolus.  

P. In Africa. Egypt, Germany, Arabia, and Lycia.  
M. Of fresh pastures, rushes and bulrushes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Zebi. Capreus. Arab. Gazel.   
Roebuck. Gesn. T. the flesh is better than that of other wild creatures, being familiar to man's Body, and is fit for humid Bodies, and those that have many superfluities, as also for the colic, and Epilepsy; but it stoppeth the belly, and helps the worms by its siccity, so Sym. Seth. Rhas. The flesh engendereth little excrement, being dry, Arab. The nutriment thereof is cold and dry: as for the cookery thereof, See Platina and Apicius. V Plin. They are of the virtues of the tame Goats; but more strong, as also (for the most part) other wild creatures are, in respect of the domestic. Marcel. The Caprea used in meat helps the tormina, and dysentery, by drying. Diosc. the curd of the Dorke, is of the same virtue as that of a Hare. Gal. Drunk with Wine, and injected with the cremor of rice it helps the coeliack and dysentery. Sext. The powder of the liver drunk with Wine, and hot water, helps the pains of the eyes, as also the nyctalops; the ashes applied stop bleeding. Drach. 1. of the gall mixed with drach. 4. of the meal of Lupins and Honey, applied, cleareth the face, though burnt by the Sun, as also freckles: so with Honey, nitre, the ashes of a sponge, and quick brimstone, reduced unto the consistence of honey, and applied. Drach. 1. With a little Wine and Honey, helps the dimness of the eyes, cicatrices, white spots, the Nephelion, Glaucoma, and Pterygion, as also the ruptures of the tunicles, with Woman's milk: and the older it is, the better, so Sext. with oil of roses or the juice of leeks, dropped warm into the ears, it helps the ring and sound thereof. With oil of roses it helps the toothache, & that of the jaws with honey; and all vices thereof, with Myrrh, Saffron, and Pepper p. aeq. being boiled in Wine till thick. It looseneth the belly used as a suppository, with the juice of Showbread, Anet and a little Alum, if there be no trouble by the hemorrhoids. With honey or the juice of brambles, applied, it helps the exulceration of the privities. The spleen drunk cureth the tormina, Plin. and coeliack. Gal. The dung dried and sifted, taken in the q. of a spoonful in sweet or odoriferous wine fasting, helps the jaundice, and fevers drunk in water. Schrod. In other parts it agreeth with the Goat; but is more strong, and effectual. Jonst. The blood with the Sea palm taketh away hair, Marcel. and ripeneth abscesses. The gall is like a treacle against venomous bitings, also it smootheth the cheeks. Tops. They are somewhat like other bucks, and very swift, their belly hath black strokes, their Body is of a yellowish colour, their feet are long; but ears longer, their eyes are black and horns comely. They swim as with oars, therefore love Rivers. The horns are only on the Males, and have 6. or 7. branches: the Females have none. They live chiefly among the Rocks. They agree with Hares and Swine; but fear wolves. They are taken with nets.    

S.  

Scinck. Scincus.  

P. In Arabia, and about Nilus.  
M. Of Odoriferous flowers.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Crocodile ter. Diosc. minor. Bel.   
SCinck. Jonst. T. V the flesh is used in great antidotes against poison, as the Diascincon. Rhas'. The creature being worn by little Children, preventeth the fear in dreams. Drach. 1. drunk causeth venery. The flesh is used in India against the Elephantiasis, and maketh fat. Some use the heart with black wool against quartans. The gall with honey helps suffusions. The reins increase sperm. The blood applied with borax helps the spots in the face. The fat helps the pain of the reins. The ashes of the skin are cast upon parts to be cut, to hinder the sense of pain. Aegineta useth the tail in the ointment called entaticon. The fume of the intestines, helps those that are hysterical. Serapio maketh an antepileptick remedy of the dung. Plin. The same cleanseth spots in the eyes: C. The best is white. They lay eggs, which breed. They may be seen at the apothecaties shops.   

Sea-horse. Hippopotamos.  

P. In Egypt, and Gofala: in the Sea, and on Land.  
M. Of Corn, and Grass.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Equus Niloticus, Bos, Porcus, Elephas mar.   
Sea-horse. Jonst. T. they are eaten by the Aethiopians. V Colemn. The tooth worn, or a ring thereof, helpeth the hemmorrhoids. Plin. And easeth the toothache. The fat helps against the rigour in agnes. The ashes of the skin applied with water, dissolve spots. The skin of the forehead applied to the groin hindereth venery. Diosc. The testicles dried help against the bitings of Serpents. Their fat used defendeth from Crocodiles. The skin defendeth from lightning. Plin. The skin is so thick, that spears may be made thereof. As for their description their belly is plain, the legs 3. foot long, or more, and of the same compass, the foot is a foot broad, the head 2. foot and a half broad, 3. foot long and 7. foot about, the wideness of the mouth 1. foot, with little eyes, one inch broad, and 2. long, the ears 3. inches, the body fat, with claws like a Cow; but quadrifide, tail like a Bear, and nose like a Lion.   

Sheep. Ovis.  

P. Almost every where, in all Countries.  
M. Of Grass, Hay, Leaves, and Grain.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Zon. Pecus.   
Sheep. Gal. T. the flesh is of worse juice than that of the Hare, or Lamb, and more excrementitious; it is best in spring. Sym. Seth. Beef compared therewith, is cold, and of melancholic juice, it is best of a year old, afterwards it's hardly concocted, and hurteth those that have a moist and pituitous stomach. It's good for Women, that have ulcerated wombs, so Hippoc. Crescent. It's too moist. Muff. The best mutton exceedeth not above 3. or 4. years in age, and that is taken from a short and dry feeding, and then may be sodden with bugloss, borage and parsely roots. It is worse than the flesh of weathers, being too excrementitious, and soon corrupted, so that of Rams, being too hot and dry. Crescent. The milk yields wholesome nourishment, and is so much the better when newer, and more nourishing when thick; also it's better than the milk of Cows, so the cheese. The milk is thick, sweet and very fat; yet not so fit for the stomach as the Goats: Diosc. Also the milk of an Ass, Cow, or Mare, doth more loosen the belly, than the Sheep's, this being more thick. Gal. The fattest milk is that of the Cow, the Sheep's and Goat's is less fat. It is thicker than the Goats; but the frequent use of it causeth the morphew. Of milks the Woman's is most temperate; then the Goats, Asses, Sheep's, and lastly the Cows, so Aeg. Var. Milk is the most nourishing of any food we use, that is liquid, especially the Sheep's, than the Goats. Plin. The Goats is most fit for the stomach, feeding more on Leaves than Herbs; the Cows is more medicinal, the Sheep's sweeter and more nourishing, and less fit for the stomach, being fatter, and yielding the fattest butter. Var. The Cheese is next to that of the Cow: Crescent. And is best when new, and better, than that of the Cow. V Plin. The warm skins, help the wounds of strokes, and such as are beaten, Gal. in a day and a night's space, it concocting and digesting the blood under the skin, so Rhas. and Albert. See Ram. Sylu. The skin of the feet, and snout of an Ox or Sheep, being boiled by a gentle fire, till like curd, and dried in the air helpeth ruptures. Plin. The blood drunk helps the falling sickness. The flesh burnt, with water helps the vices of the privities, so Plin. Cells. The broth with vomiting; as also that of a Goose or Calf, helps venomous bitings. Anon. A cloth dipped in the tallow and applied, helps burn. Plin. with nitre it helps the colours of cicatrices. Marcel. With salt it openeth panicles. Plin. When old, with the ashes of women's hairs it helps felons. With cantharides, and the juice of the berries of wild vine it helpeth ringworms or tetters. The fat cureth the roughness of the nails. Marcel. Applied as a cerot with alum, it helps adustion by cold, and kibes, Gal. Applied with hot water it helps divers vices of the eyes. Plin. With the ashes of a Woman's hair it cureth luxate joints. Marcel. Being boiled and drunk with austere Wine it helps the cough. Absyrtus used it for Horses also. Plin. It helps the dysentery and iliak passion, Marcel. or coeliack. Diosc. The fat helps the gout, so that of a Goat discussing much, applied with the dung and saffron. Marcel. The fat of the reins with the ashes of a pumice stone and salt, helps the pain and swell of the privities, Plin. And other vices thereof. Plin. Marcel. That of the kell applied stoppeth bleedings at the nostrils. Diosc. The marrow is praised in the 5th. place, after the Hearts, Calves, Bulls, and Goats. The liver cureth the nyctalopie, the eyes being washed with the decoction, and the marrow being applied to the pains and tumors. Hippoc. The powder of the borne of a Sheep or Goat, being suffumigated, with toasted and shaled Barley with oil, bringeth forth the secundine and menses, Rhas. Albert. The brain applied, helps the watering of the eyes. Plin. It facilitats the breeding of the teeth; but Galen addeth honey thereto, to make it more strong and effectual. The lungs help black and blue spots, so Marcel. being applied warm, and discuss the same. Plin. Being roasted and taken they prevent drunkenness, and used hot to the head they cure the frenzy, and lethargy. Marcel. They help the dysentery, boiled with line-seed, the flesh being eaten, and the water drunk: and applied hot they cure the gout, or ease the same. Plin. The liver helps the nyctalops, and the decoction used: Marcel. So that of a white sheep boiled, bruised, and applied with water. Hippoc. Being roasted in warm ashes, and eaten 4. days, drinking old wine it helps the inflation of Women that are great, so that of a Goat. Diosc. The gall is not so good as that of a Bull. Gal. It is a little sharper than that of a Hog, and helps old and purulent ulcers of the ears. Plin. With honey it purgeth the ears. Marcel. Being mixed to the consistence of a clyster with mulse, and injected into the ears, the ulcers being purged, it most certainly healeth the same; and being dropped into the ears with Woman's milk, it helps ruptures therein, Plin. And convulsions. Rhas'. Albert. applied it cureth a canker or corrosion of the flesh. Being applied to the head with fullers earth till it be dry it helps scurf, Marcel. or the itch. Plin. With honey it cureth the Epilepsy, especially that of the Lamb. Plin. The Magicians used the spleen against the pain of the spleen, so Plin. being toasted and stamped in Wine, and drunk it helps the iliack passion, as also the wring of the guts. Plin. Marcel. The ashes of the thighs with wax help the break of the joints. Plin. So of the jaws burnt, Hartshorn, and wax, mollified with oil of roses. The decoction of the thighs drunk, with linesced, helps the dysentery. Gal. The ashes or dust of the huckle bone whiten the teeth, and help other vices of the same; those of the bladder, or of that of a Goat drunk with oxycrate, by those that piss in their sleep help the same. The secundine helps many evils in Women, See Goat. Plin. The milk of Sheep helps against all poison, except that of aconite, and fly called wag leg. With oatmeal, water, and honey, it helps long diseases and wastings. Drach. 1. of swallows dung being taken in 3. cupsful thereof, or of that of the goat before the fit, helps quartains. A gargarism thereof helps the tonsils and jaws, Marcel. So that of a Goat or Cow when warm, and helps the pain and swell. It is used against the physic: being boiled and drunk with bastard saffron, it looseneth the belly. With wake robin it cureth the exulceration of the intestines. Diosc. Being boiled, and having pebbles quenched therein, it stops exulcerating fluxes of the belly, and the tenesmus, so Marcel. and boiled, taken alone, or with butter it helps the tormina and coeliack passion. It is in●…ed also against corrosions caused by medicines, so that of the Co●●, so Plin. Crescent. the whey thereof moveth the belly, and purgeth forth choler. Plin. The butter thereof with honey, with the ashes of a Dog's head, or Womb decocted in oil, helps the clefts of the skin about the nails, Marcel. So with elicampane; and hard swell also. Plin. With honey, and an owl boiled in oil, it cures ulcers. The old cheese thereof helps the dysentery: Marcel. And drunk in Wine it cures the coeliack. Med. Mys. The dung with vinegar helps warts, felons, and the Thymi: And burn in ulcers with the rose-cerot, Diosc. and corns, so Rhas. fere, and Albert Marcel. and Plin. as also all sorts of warts, and carbuncles newly arising. Gal. Applied with oil as a cataplasm it cures green wounds made by a sword, or wood. Plin. Applied with vinegar it helps the bitings of the field Spider, and of Serpents boiled in Wine. Veget. With vinegar it cures the falling off of a Horse's hoof. The ashes thereof with Nitre, or those of the bones of Lambs thighs, help cankers, especially in those ulcers that will not be cicatrized. Plin. The dung being heated and moulded together helps tumors in wounds, cleanseth fistulas, and cureth night weals. The ashes with Cyprus oil and Honey help the Alopecia, Rhas. Albert. A plaster thereof with Goose, or Hen's grease helps abscesses about the roots of the ears. Anon. Applied warm it cureth the swelling of the dugs in Women. Drach. 1. drunk with the decoction of woodbine, or with oxymel cureth the jaundice. Marcel. With Wine or Water it helps the pain of the Colon. Rhas'. The ashes applied help the increasing of the spleen. Marcel. Lib. 1. of marsh mallows with p. 2. hereof, and as much axunge, stamped, and applied to the reins with new shorn wool plaster wise, helps the stone. Plin. The soft dung easeth the gout. The dung also helps the diseases of Women. Albert. The urine of a red or black Sheep with honey helps the Dropsy: Rhas. So being drunk also. Plin. The q. of a penny weight of the sordes of the ears or duggs, with a little Myrrh and 2. cupsfull of Wine helpeth the jaundice; as also felons. Sylvat. Serap. The sweat with vinegar cureth the Epilepsy: New shorn wool especially that of the neck of a black Sheep, is good against wounds in the beginning, strokes, desquammations, bruises, and broken bones, being soaked in vinegar, oil or wine, and is used in embrocations, and by reason of grease and excrements therein called Oesypus, it softeneth, and is v●●y effectual with vinegar and oil of roses against pains; of ●e head, stomach, and other parts, so Diosc. Plin. and inflations of the stomach; also it defendeth from cold, and is used with oil, wine or vinegar, according to the intention, either, to assuage, by't, or bind; or to help the pains of the nerves or luxations, for which purpose some add salt, or rue and fat, so Plin. as also for contusions and swell. With cold water it helps the pilling of the skin about the nails. Marcel. With hot oil it helpeth humid parts, and old ulcers with honey; and wounds with wine, vinegar, cold water or oil: Plin. The fume thereof helps the phrenetick. Applied it helps bloudshotten eyes, the blood of a Pigeon being first put therein. With the white of an egg and the powder of frankincense it helps epiphoras. Gal. Being wanned in vinegar, the moisture crushed out and put into the ear after it, it helps the pains thereof Marcel. Being put into the nostrils with oil of roses and the ear stopped there with, it stops bleedings. Plin. Being rubbed on the teeth with honey it sweeteneth the breath, Marcel. And maketh them white. Gal. Being torrified in a linen cloth, and mixed with a third part of salt it preserveth from the toothache being used as a dentifrice. Plin. Being dipped into Tar, Nitre, Sulphur, Oil and Vinegar, and applied twice a day very hot it helps the pains of the Ioines. That of a black Sheep applied to the testicles helps the swelling thereof. Plin. Applied with Bulls gall it causeth purgation in Women: some add Hyssopp and Nitre. Applied it bringeth forth the dead birth and stops the courses in Women. Also it helps the Hemorrhoids. Seren. The same with live brimstone helps the yellows. Plin. With the root of marsh mallows, it helps the King's evil and suppurations. That died of the purple colour put into the ears, helpeth the same; some add Nitre and Vinegar. The ashes cause crusts, remove excrescencies of the flesh, and cicatrize ulcers Diosc. It's to be washed for the eyes, until it bindeth the tongue and biteth not. The ashes are hot and sharp, with tenuity of parts, therefore they presently eliquate the soft and moist flesh of ulcers, and are put into drying medicines: It is used in gallings, wounds, burn, fistulas, and suppurations of the ears, and to cleanse the face. Marcel. And with vinegar to help the pains of the head. Gal. Those of the hinder part of the wool drunk in Wine help the difficulty of breathing. Plin. They cure the vices of the privities, and the passions of Sheep, so Aggreg. The aesypus, quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or sordes and filth sticking in the wool, arising from sweat (and therefore the wool is called succida, quasi sudoris sordibus, & succo imbuta,) is of a concocting faculty, like butter, and a little digesting, so Gal. Marcel. It helpeth bare eyebrows. Note it is drawn out of the wool by hot water, and so taken off the top, and clarified. Aet. It hath a little acrimony, and mollifieth, and is of the smell of wool, and like ceruse when rubbed, so Diosc. It's used against inflammations, and callus of the cheeks, and inflammation of the Hypochondria: It heateth, and filleth ulcers: With the ashes of Barley, and verdegrease p. aeq. it helps wounds; also it helps cankers, and creeping ulcers, and wastes the brims, and equalizeth the excrescencies, filleth, and cicatrizeth the same. Plin. With tuttie and oil of roses it helps the holy fire: And with a little Myrrh mixed in two cupsful of Wine, or with Goose grease and myrtle Wine it provoketh sleep. With Corsic honey it extenuats spots in the face, and helps the roughness of the skin with oil of roses. Some add butter also, and the gall of a Dog. Marcel. Applied to the head it cureth the Phthiriasis, or lousy evil. With Wine and a little Myrrh it helps the Epilepsy. It helps the corrosions of the corners of the eyes, scabbed cheeks, and fall off of the hair of the eye lids: so the sout thereof, so Aet. Marcel. With Myrrh it causeth hair to grow upon the eyebrows. Plin. With honey it helpeth contusions of the eyes, being first anointed with the fat of a Goose, and blood of a Duck. With Goose grease it helpeth the ulcers of the eyes, mouth, and genitals. Aetius mixeth it with the cerot against the physic and against the pleurisy in epithems. Diosc. It bringeth forth the menses and birth. Plin. With melilot and butter it cureth the inflammations of the womb, and swell and clefts of the fundament; some add tuttie and oil of roses also. With honey and the squams of lead it helps carbuncles in the privities and other wounds therein. With ceruse and Woman's milk it easeth the gout, Marcel. So with Wax; some add axunge, Goose grease, and bulls tallow. Plin. The filth of the tail, that is hardened into pills, being powdered and applied, helps the teeth, fastens them, and helps cankers of the gums, aesypus drunk with Wine and a little myrrh, helpeth, the Dropsy, some add Goose grease, and the oil of myrtles; so the sordes of the Dugs. Myrepsus maketh a cerot thereof against the gout, phlegmons, and hardness. Aetius, Aegineta, and Dioscorides, show the way of the preparation thereof. Schrod. The gall applied with wool to the navel looseneth children's Bodies, and dropped into the ear with Woman's milk, it helps the purulencie thereof. Vnc. 5. of the urine cure the Dropsy. N °. 9 of their lice taken help the running pains of the joints. As for the former its affirmed by Jonston and Aldrovandus, etc. As for the description it's needless, they love the Goat, and hate the Wolf, Bear; Tiger, Elephant, Crow, Eagle, Serpents, Bees: and Rocket. They are hurt by aconite, hereon, prick-wood, savin, knotgrass, money-wort, sheere-grasse, pimpernel, bitter fetch, acorns, and scorching fennel. They will live about 10. years, their noise is called bleating, they are very simple even to a proverb, yet the Rams are very fierce; but they may be made to leave off their butting, by hanging a board with little pricks in it, over their fore heads. They love cold springs, and by't up the very roots of the grass: they have milk half a year. They know their Lambs by smelling on their hinder parts.   

Shrew. Must Araneus.  

P. In England, Italy, Germany, and other places.  
M. Of the roots of herbs, thistles, and flesh.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Hanaka. Hisp. Musganho.   
Shrew. Gesn. T. they are venomous, insomuch that Cats will not eat them. V Marcel. The ashes with Goose grease cure the swell of the fundament, some use them against felons, and swell behind the ears. Plin. The ashes of the tail help those that are bitten by a mad Dog. Applied it cureth its own bitings. The sign of their bitings are inflammation, pricking pain, redness, a black pustule, and livid colour of the next parts; and after it turneth to an eating ulcer: It is cured by oxycrat, cupping glasses, and scarification; if not ulcerated, use mallows, mustard, and pellitory; else use the decoction of the bark of a sweet pomegranate, and apply the same. Also use wormwood, vinegar, garlic, hot water, colewort, album graecum, cuminseed, barley meal, leeks, and vervain drinking the decoction of southern wood, also lambs cured, myrrh and storax.   

Sivet Cat. Catus zibethi.  

P. In Africa, Aethiopia and India.  
M. Of Sugar and other things.  
N. Zibethi feles. Catus Zibethicus. Civetta.   
Sivet, or Civet Cat. Jonst. T. V gr. 1. Applied to the navel helps the colic; applying hot bread threon. It's commended by Crollius in an ointment against the vertigo and apoplexy, being used to the extremities of the nostrils, temples, and crown of the head. In the suffocation of the womb it's used downwards. It may be adulterated with the gall of a Bull, liquid storax, and honey. It's used also in powders, sopes, waters, oils, essences, and suffumigations, as may be seen in Ambrosinus. Schrod. Civet is hot moist and anodyne. It's applied to the navils of Children, in the pain of the belly. Jonst. Cardanus Counts it dry, Renod. and Amat. Lus. It's near to Musk, sc. hot and dry 20. and helps the phlegmons of the Dugs, Buboes, and hard impostumes. Applied to the glans it causeth great delectation in Women. And it prevents sterility, so the fume. Put into the ear it cures the pain. The smell cures the epilepsy, & cold soda; it inebriats in wine, helps the heart, warms the matrice, and causeth the courses. They yield it as the Musk Cat.   

Sow. Sus.  

P. Almost every where; but hated in Scotland.  
M. Of Grass, Fruits, Roots, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Ital. Porco. Scrofa.   
Sow, or Hogge. Gesn. T. the flesh is the best of all flesh's, and is best when not too fat; Pork is worse, but the other is of easy concoction, and generats good blood. sc. that of a middle age; but the old and young is very bad, it being the moistest flesh, and phlegmatic: the other yields great nourishment, and near to the temper of man, and is better than that of Goats or Calves; yet it's glutinous and causeth obstructions. When young it's mucous and too humid; yet the parts of motion are best: The rest is soon putrified, especially in stomaches filled with bad humours, causing viscous phlegm, and thence the Gout, Iliack passion, stone of the reins and palsy, etc. the old is cold and hard, causing melancholy and long fevers. Muff. The flesh of a sucking Pig, is moist 3°. and causeth crudities, agues, apoplexies, weakness of memory, and corrupt humours, and is hardly digested by weak stomaches, not the coat by the strong; it is best dressed being stuffed with salt and sage. Pork however prepared is thought by some to have quid flatuosum, cacochymicum & febrile; when powdered its best to be eaten with green sauce, to cool the salt, and qualify the malignity of the flesh. The bacon is of harder digestion, therefore both, as also brawn, are not to be eaten without wine or strong bear spiced with ginger, and exercise after them. The har●net is stopping and of bad nourishment; yet the liver of Pigs is counted nourishing, but their Lungs are very phlegmatic and waterish. V Aet. Young Pigs applied warm help venomous bitings, drawing forth the poison and easing the pain. Pelagon. The blood given warm helpeth pneumonick Horses, see Boar. Aet. The decocted old salt flesh stamped with old sharp cheese helpeth the hardness of the joints. Scrab. The wounds of Elephants are helped by butter, drawing out Iron; fomenting the ulcers with Swine's flesh. The ashes of the salted flesh is drying. The blood of Swine is moist, and less hot very like to man's temper. Eumel. The blood being given hot to Horses with wine helps the coolness thereof. Some use the distilled liquor thereof with juniper berries, agrimony, rue, phu, scabious, fluellin, burnet, succory, pennyroyal, and treacle, against the plague, apostumes of the sides or ribs, diseases of the liver or spleen, inflation of the spleen, corruption of the blood, fever, swell, trembling of the heart, dropsy, heat besides nature, ill humours, and chiefly poisons and pestilent fevers, drinking 4. or 5. drops thereof. The warm blood kills warts. Plin. With the brain it helps the carbuncles of the privities. That of a Sow applied to the teats helpeth the growing of the same, Gal. or that of a Hog. The fat is less hot than that of the Goat, and less moist, as also than that of other beasts, being less hot and dry, and ne'er to the nature of man: that of Bulls is much more hot and dry. Plin. Axunge is used to mollify, heat, discuss, and purge; and is more strong when salted, Diosc. And helpeth the pleurisy being washed in Wine: With ashes or lime it cureth inflammations, fistulas and tumors. Aeg. It's of the nature of that of Foxes; yet that is more hot and less moist. Plin. With the ashes of Vines it helps against tumors, the bites of Scorpions, and Dogs with oil; or with castoreum and horehound. Diosc. So with the froth of Nitre. With quicksilver it helpeth the french pocks. Seren. It helps the stiffness of the neck, the hams being anointed therewith. Myreps. With quicksilver it cureth the scab and itch. With quicksilver oil of bays and the juice of fumitory used to the palms of the hands and soles of the feet thrice in a day it expels the matter of the french disease by the urine. Marcel. Applied it expelleth things that stick in the Body. Gal. With the roots of bugloss stamped it's used in wounds. Seren. With Earthwormes and Frogs it helps the wounds of the nerves. Plin. The lard joineth together broken bones. Spread upon bread with lime; it helps felons, hardness of the Dugs, ruptures, convulsions, spasmes, and luxations: also corns, clefts, and the vices of callus with white hellebore: also it helpeth the inflammations of ulcers, and creeping thereof with rosin. With ceruse, or the spume of silver it helps the colours of cicatrices: and with brimstone, the roughness of the nails. When salted, with accorns it helps hardnesses, that are called cocoëth. With the milk of fig leaves it cureth warts. With that of a Bull, rue, and nightshade, it helps the Morphew, and Kings evil; so with feather few or wild burr or dock. Diosc. It helpeth burn. Avic. And abscesses. Plin. And kibes with barley ashes and galls. With toasted barley and the white of an egg it cureth ulcers caused by burn. It helpeth gallings, lassitude or weariness. With the ashes of women's hairs it cureth St. Anthony his fire, stoppeth bleeding, and helpeth ringworms. The gall helpeth kibes, so the Boars the lungs being applied with the fat. Columel. With salt, vinegar and oil, tar and the bark of the pine tree, it helpeth the broken horns of cattle: Also it helps the hoof or pastern with pitch, Sulphur and new shorn wool being burned in, when wounded with Iron. With Tar it defendeth the ears of Dogs from flies, and tikes. Being warmed with verdigrease it helps the scabs in Goats or Sheep. With brimstone powdered it helps the scab in Horses legs in the Winter; Also it cureth bruises, and suppurations. Plin. With the ashes of bean cod's it helpeth the pain of the hips and old griefs of the nerves: Also some use it with Goose grease and Bull's tallow with oesipus against the Gout; and if the grief remaineth, with Wax, myrtles rosin and pitch: Others use it with old oil, together with the stone called Sarcophagus, and cinquefoil bruised with Wine or with chalk and ashes. Some use it with lethargy, others with Water and cuminseed, so Sym. Seth. Plin. It helps the falling off of the hair, and ulcers in the heads of Women, with a third part of galls, so Aeg. Plin. And with the roses of the bramble bush. With the ashes of Adder's tongue, it worketh the same effect. so with those of the Sea Horse being mixed with Nitre, or else with Vinegar. Marcel. Applied to the corners of the eyes, it killeth Worms therein. Being put into purulent ears with a fine cloth, sometimes fomenting the same with warm water, it quickly healeth the same: So with oil, and helpeth the pains of the nerves. The same cureth swell behind the ears. Plin. Some use it with Iron wort. Anon. Being used warm with Wine in a gargarism it helps swell in the neck. Diosc. Washed with wine it helpeth the pleurisy. Plin. With wild rue it helps ruptures: that which is taken off axletrees helpeth the vices of the fundament. With broom stamped it cureth the pain of the knees. Diosc. It cureth the vices of the womb, and applied strengtheneth the birth. Applied with vervin it helps the suffocation of the womb, and retention of the terms. Hippoc. It cureth the pain and ulcers of the matrice, with rosin, being applied with a sponge or soft cloth; also honey may be added if there be exulceration. Diosc. Drunk with salt Wine it helpeth against henbane, Plin. And the wagge-legge, as also against quicksilver. Plin. The lard helpeth phthisicks, Marcel. So with wine; some add a little honey, taking after some tar in an egg. Plin. With the yolks of eggs, honey and wine it helps the coeliack: Hipp. with butter and honey it helps the cough in Horses. Columel. mixed with Hyssop and given to calves it helpeth their Worms. The skin of lard rubbed on the tongue helps the disease called die brüne, qualifying the heat, so Anon. Plin. the marrow applied helpeth blear eyes, and causeth venery. The ashes of the bristles with the fat help burn: Seren. The same stop bleeding in wounds; Aet. And applied help the falling down of the fundament. Plin. The ashes of the jaws help broken bones: Marcel. And troublesome ulcers of the legs: So of a Boar. Plin. The brain drunk in wine is commended against Serpents, and carbuncles applied after roasting, so those of the privities, as also the blood. Gal. The perforated bone of the care woorn about the neck preventeth the cough. Plin. The lungs roasted and taken fasting hinder ebriety. Diosc. Applied it helps gallings by the shoe, and prevents inflammation, so Gal. Sym. Seth. and Hal. Plin. It helps corns, chaps and the vices of callus, and kibes with the fat; so the gall. Sym. Seth. The liver taken with wine, helpeth the bitings of venomous Beasts. Plin. And against Serpents, being drunk with rue in wine. The ashes cure creeping ulcers of the privities. Being eaten it stops the belly (See Boar:) Marcel. So the ashes taken in wine. Diosc. The gall is less strong than the Bull's gall, Gal. And is the moistest of all. Aeg. It's substitute is that of the Partridge. Hal. It helps poisonsome bitings, and looseneth evil humours. Plin. Applied with a linen cloth it helps the gallings of the joints. Marcel. With the juice of Showbread and a little brimstone, it helps dandraffe: Aetius maketh a Pfilothron thereof with other things. Plin. It discusseth apostumes in any part. Gal. Applied dry it helpeth the aegilops. Diosc. It's very good against the ulcers of the ears, and others; that of a Sheep is sharper, and that of a Goat more sharp, to which that of the Bear and Cow is almost like, so Gal. Plin. some add the oil of Palma Christi and roses an. Marcel. As also honey, & vinegar, & nitre, being boiled: or warm it in the rind of a pome granat: Gal. Or melt it with a like quantity of honey, so Alex. Ben. Plin. being drunk it easeth the spleen. Sym. Seth. When dry it helps the piles. Applied with yolks of eggs it helps fissores in the feet of Horses. Plin. Applied it cureth kibes. Plin. The bladder applied to that part, provoketh urine, Marcel. And being eaten or drunk it causeth a retention of the same. See Boar. Lib. Germ. The same with the urine and fat, helps running ulcers of the head. Plin. The milk with the testicles of a Boar, drunk helpeth the falling sickness. Montag. The same mixed with honey causeth coiture in men, and conception in Women. Plin. The loins bruised and applied help the dry lippitude. Gal. The powder of the leg helps the cough, and spitting of blood. Aet. The broth thereof helpeth the gout. Aegineta maketh a plaster there of called diapternes against hard swell. Plin. The buckle bones are used in dentifrices; the ashes are given to kill worms in cattle, & strengthen the teeth, being dry, binding, and defending from humours and swell; the decoction is used to provoke urine: Diosc. The powder of the huckle bone, being drunk helpeth the inflations of the Colon, and old wring of the bowels, so Gal. and Aet. Sym. Seth and helps the headache. Plin. The same helps corns, clefts, and the vices of callus. Plin. The ashes of the bones in the claws are used in dentifrices, Marcel. Avic. And fasten the same, some add spicknard thereto. Plin. Being drunk it helpeth the incontinency of urine, Marcel. And the dysentery drunk in wine. Plin. The milk of a Sow drunk with mulse causeth birth in Women, and drunk alone it filleth their breasts with milk. Plin. It's good against the tenesmus, dysentery and physic. The magicians used it with the ashes of the foot of a Chameleon against the gout being applied. Aet. The dung of a Sow boiled in vinegar helps poisonsome bitings, it may be used in steed of that of a Hyena. Anatol. It helps the stingings of Scorpions or other reptiles. Veget. Some add honey & wine, and give it to cattle against venomous bitings. Marcel. The powder applied mith honey helps blue marks. Plin. When fresh it helps luxations, Diosc. so with the rose cerot. Plin. It helps wounds by iron. When old it helps burn. It cureth the itch, weals and scabs. Being stamped with oil it helpeth all hardnesses of the body. Marcel. With wine and the juice of roses it killeth nits and Lice. Plin. Given in wine it stops bleeding in cattle. Applied warm with a toad stool it helps the bleeding of wounds. So Rus. Hippiat. Hier. With honey it helps the quinsey in horses. Marcel. Being worn about the neck in a scarlet cloth it helps the cough. Nic. Myreps. Stamped with water and applied, it helps the breasts of Women, that are inflated after child birth. Plin. The ashes help creeping ulcers of the privities. Applied with oil it helps the inflation of the womb. When dry it cureth ulcers in the legs. The powder of Swine's dung drunk in vinegar is good against ruptures, and wounds. Plin. With cumin seed boiled in the water of rue it helps the colon: and the dysentery and coeliack passion with wine. Plin. The urine applied with wool helps any impostumes. Hal. It helps the whiteness of the eyes and breaketh the stone, so Avic. Marcel. applied with new shorn wool it helps the pain of the groin. As for the description it is needless. Tops. Their choice is by their face, race, and region, they are to be thick, round and well set, their buttocks fleshy, belly large, snout short and turning upwards; but the large fided sow is best: in cold countries, the hair should be rough and thick; they are hot and fat so lose not their hair in winter. They delight in woods where there are fruitful trees, they feed best after fasting, then having variety in a dark fly. A Boar will serve three years, and a Sow seven.   

Sciurus. Sqirrell.  

P. Almost every where, in England, etc.  
M. Of apples, chestnuts, and walnuts, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Nitela. Pirolus.   
Squirrel. Albert. T. The flesh is sweet and good. Stumpf. The black is the best. It may be compared to the flesh of Goats, or Coneys, being tender and sweet. V Jonst. Some counted them dainties. The fat mollifieth, and is much commended by Galen against the pain of the ears. Prestigiators use the teeth in the prediction of things to follow. As for their description, They are a kind of Mice, and their lower teeth are long. They generate in the spring, and have their nests in trees. They bring forth three or four young ones, which wander abroad after three or four days. They use their fore-feets like hands, when they go they draw their tail after them, and cast it over their backs when sitting, the same serveth them as a wing in leaping. They obscure themselves with it in trees, and use it as a sail in the water, swimming upon a bark. They differ by colour and place.    

T.  

Tiger. Tigris.  

P. In the East Indies, Java, and Bengala.  
M. Of all kinds of animals, chiefly Goats.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Ital. Tiger & Tigra. Gall. une Tiger.   
TIger. Philost. T. The buttocks were used in meat by the Indians, as also those of the Lion and the Boar: some say also that the flesh is as sweet as beife; so Gesner. and Jonston. As for the description they are greater than a grey hound, their eyes are shining, nails crooked, teeth sharp, feet multifide or with many toes, & they generate aversly. Linschot. They spare fair men, & hate Elephants, & the sound of drums. They are extraordinary swift, when they have lost their young, they follow the swiftest Horse, and therefore hunters cast down one of the young; which the female carrieth first back to the den and so returneth, even to the shore as is affirmed by the Ancients, they so loving their offspring. They may be tamed by the juice of mandrake or opium. They differ according to quantity, fierceness and species.   

Toad. Bufo.  

P. It's an amphibion, chiefly in dark places.  
M. Of earthly moisture, herbs, worms, and bees, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Tsabh. Rana ter. venenata.   
Toad. Schrod. T. V The powder used inwardly draweth out hydropic water by urine, Petr. in Nosol. and Wier. The D. is drach. 1. it's used outwardly also against carbuncles, being a little steeped in vinegar, to draw out poison, and it swelleth after it; It's used also in amulets against contagious air, & to stop the hemorrhage of the nostrils, being applied behind the ears, or held in the hand till hot, put under the arm pits, or hung about the neck; so being cast upon the place affected. Being applied to the reins it bringeth out hydropic water by the urine: if for the womb, it is to be applied to the navel, and so hindereth hysterick fluxes, and reduceth the same. Being applied to the soles of the feet it helps the diseases of the head, and heart, frenzy and fevers. As for the stone see my Pammineralogie, amongst stones. The salt of Toads is of the nature of the powder, the D. is gr. 3. etc. The oil is much commended against spots in the face, the morphew, and other affections, and to cleanse old ulcers (as some say by signature) being applied once in a day, so Hartm. in Pract. Kief. The compounded oil is very good to digest tumors, and help the dropsy. Marcel. Toads boiled with Bear's grease help the gout, and kings evil. Jonst. Being boiled and applied plasterwise they help the quinsey; their fat being roasted, stuffed with laurel, Hen's dung, salt, and the ointment of marsh-mallows, helps fistulas: The powder also being applied. The ashes help the flux of the hemorrhoids; it's woorn dry about the neck as an amulet. Crollius useth the powder against all venomous bitings. The ashes given to Falcons keep their feathers from worms. The bone of the left side is used by some to provoke venery. As for their description it's needless. They are engendered of eggs, and a putrid matter, man's flesh, and menstruous blood, etc. They hate salt, and stinks, the Cat, Mole, and Spider. They walk in the night. The antidote is mithridate, and treacle, etc.   

Tortise. Testudo.  

P. In the deserts of Africa. Lybia, and Mauritania.  
M. Of a roscid liquor, herbs, worms, snails.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Homet. Chersina.   
Tortise. T. Jonst. Scapp. Ambrosin. The flesh is often eaten in the Indies, with saffron, & aromatic powders. V Plin. The flesh is used in suffumigations in physic, and against poison. In Africa, the head and feet being cut off, they are used as an antidote, and being boiled and eaten discuss botches and help the spleen and epilepsy. The blood cleareth the eyes, and helps against the poison of Spiders and Frogs, etc. the pills thereof being taken in wine. The gall with attic honey helps the glaucoma, and wounds of Scorpions. The ashes of the shell with wine and oil help the clefts of the feet and ulcers. The scales drunk restrain lust. The urine helps the bitings of Asps. The eggs help botches and ulcers, and the pain of the stomach being drunk. Gal. The liver is used in a pessary against the strangling of the womb.    

V  

Unicorn. Vnicornu.  

P. In the East Indies, and West Indies, and other places.  
M. Their meat is not observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Reem. Arab. Alchercheden.   
Unicorn. Gesn. T. The flesh is bitter and unfit to be eaten, like that of the Indian Ass. V The horn being powdered and drunk in water expelleth poison, with amber, ivory, leaf gold and coral, etc. It's much commended against pestilent fevers, Mundel. and the bitings of mad Dogs, and other poisonsome beasts, as also against worms, and many great sicknesses, and the epilepsy. Schrod. The horn is sudorific, alexipharmick and cardiack, and is therefore good against contagious diseases, etc. the D. is from gr. 4. to scrup. sem. and more. Bac. It's woorne also as an amulet. As for their description, in body, they are not much unlike a horse; but cloven hoofed, and have a long horn in their foreheads. Tops. They are of a dusty colour, with a maned neck, hairy forehead, and a white and smooth horn, serving to expel and dissolve all poison, if put into the water after the drinking of any poisonsome beast. It sweateth if venom be nigh. It weigheth thirteen pound. They fight with their mouth and feet. They hate the female, except at the time of lust; but love stranger beasts, and maids, and are taken by them dressed with sweet herbs.    

W.  

Weasel. Mustela.  

P. Almost every where, In England and other places.  
M. Of Mice, Moles, Serpents, Hares, eggs.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Choled. Chald. Chulda. Arab. Caldah.   
WEasel. T. V Vrsin. The flesh cureth fevers. Aetius maketh an acopon thereof against the gout and pain of the joints; so the ashes, and with wine help the epilepsy and headache. Albert. It's good against the stingings of Scorpions. Marcel. The blood helps exulcerated botches. Gal. It's of the nature of the Hedgehog. Avic. And drunk in wine helps against poisons, drach. 2. being taken in wine, so Diosc. And Gal. Albert. Some add rue also. Gal. It helps the epilepsy. Plin. Sext. Aesculap. The blood and ashes help the elephantiasis, Marcel. some add the blood of an Elephant. Plin. The ashes help botches with those of swallows. Plin. They help suffusions in the eyes, and catarrhs with honey, so Marcel. Plin. Marcel. with wax it helps the pains of the shoulders. Diosc. The ashes with vinegar help the gout. Plin. Marcel. So with the oil of roses, amylum or gum dragant. Plin. The old brain drunk helps the epilepsy. Rhas'. So with vinegar. Rhas'. The blood applied helps impostumes behind the ears, so Archig. Sext. And evils of the throat, so Isid. It mollifieth contracted nerves, and helps the pain of the joints. Gal. The liver helps the epilepsy drunk in water. Sext. With the gall of a Hare, castorcum, myrrh, vinegar and honey it helps the vertigo. The gall is good against asps. Rhas'. Taken inwardly it kills. Plin. The testicles and womb help against the epilepsy, and the lethargy smelled to. The ashes of the dung may be used in stead of spodium. Stumpf. Their biting is venomous, but it may be cured by onions and garlic, being applied and eaten: Figs also are good with the meal of bitter vetches, and treacle applied; also fig leaves. Camerar. Their bitings in cattle may be cured by oil in which it hath been steeped, giving treacle inwardly. Jonst. The decoction sprinkled on seed corn, keepeth Mice from it. The lungs help diseases of the lungs. Matth. The gall with the juice of sennel, cleareth the eyes and skinn. The genital helps the strangury. As for the description it's needless. They hate the Crow, Hen, and Cat. When they fight with Serpents they use rue.   

Weather. Vervex.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other countries.  
M. Of grass, hay, and shrubs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Aries castratus. Sectarius.   
Weather. Avic. T. Of mutton, that of the weather is the best, especially when about a year old. Cresc. And is worse after. See Ram. Platin. It is better than Lamb, being hot and moist, and tending to temperateness. See Sheep. V Leonel. Fav. A bath made of the head with the feet, intestines and barley boiled in water, helpeth spasmes; all fat and moistening things being good for the same purpose. Tops. They are loved by the Lambs; and being unapt to generation, therefore they keep company with them; but the Ewes forsake them for that reason, and the Rams cannot endure them. The time for castration is in the wane or decrease of the Moon, at five months old, so that they may not be troubled with heat or cold: they may be libbed also at two or three years of age, and then their horns grow not; but their flesh, and lard or suet, is more acceptable than of any other Sheep, except very old, being neither so moist as Lambs, nor so rank as a Rams or Ewes: And is hot and moist.   

Wolf. Lupus.  

P. In the north countries, Scotland and Muscovia.  
M. Of flesh, chiefly mutton, and man's flesh.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Zeeb. Arab. Dib. Chald. Deeba.   
Wolf. Gesn. T. The flesh as also that of all wild beasts, that feed on flesh, and are rapacious, is nor used in meat, except by Pagans: It is cold, foetid, dry, and gross. So Rhas. and Albert. Colder than that of a Dog. Avic. Bell. Some commend the flesh, as good for a cold, moist, and weak stomach, and the hemorrhoids. The flesh of all rapacious creatures causeth black choler: the worst is that of Wolveses and Dogs, corrupting both the humours and mind; so Rhas. Albert. Rhas. With a little pepper and despumated honey it helps the colic. V Plin. The decoction helps the gout. Hal. The skin worn by him that is bitten by a mad Dog, prevents hydrophoby. Rhas'. Albert. The skin worn about the belly of one troubled with the colic, helpeth it. Gal. Shoes made of it help the pain of the feet. Albert. The blood with oil helps deasenesse. Anon. It helps the colic, so the dung. Sext. Being powdered and eaten it prevents phantasms, so Aesculap. the flesh eaten provoketh the birth. Sext. Aesculap. The fat of a Wolf is as strong as that of a Dog. Some use it in ointments with other articular remedies. Plin. Applied it mollifieth the womb, and helpeth blear eyes. The ashes of the head fasten the teeth. Magicians use the right eye salted against intermitting fevers, so Sext. also the eye applied extenuats the glaucoma and stigmas. Pithag. The dog- tooth of a Wolf help the Lunatic. Blond. The tooth extenuats the gums of children, and so facilitats the breeding of the teeth. Agric. Drink taken through the rough artery of a Wolf helps the quinsey. Rhas'. Albert. The lungs of a Wolf dried and powdered with pepper, drunk in Cow's milk help shortness of breath. Albert. The heart dried is said to become very sweet in smell, and helps the epilepsy; so Script. de Nat. Rer. the liver helps those that are hepatick. It's used in the hepatick antidote therefore, by Nich. Myrepsus. Avicen Useth it in medicines against the hardness of the liver. Plin. Taken in warm wine it helps the cough, Marcellus addeth honey and warm water. Plin. In wine it helps the physic. Marcel. Being boiled in water, dried and powdered it helps the pain and inflation of the stomach. Platin. It helps the dropsy, Sylu. so being drunk in white wine. Plin. Drunk or eaten it helps the pain of the womb. Sext. Aesculap. The gall hath the same operations, as that of a dog. Albert. Being used in the nose with musk it helps the epilepsy. Plin. Being tied to the navel with elaterium it looseneth the belly. With wine it helps the swell in the fundament. Rhas'. Albert. The genital dried causeth the desire of venery. Rhas'. Albert. The right testicle with oil, applied to the womb with wool, prevents it, though in Bawds. Solin. The excrements help the suffusions of the eyes; so with attic honey, being burned. Marcel. or with common honey: the ashes of the head fasten lose teeth Gal. The dung drunk helps the colic; sc. the white drunk in white wine, so Aet. and Avic. Albert. Rhas. Marcel. Plin. and Haly. Blond. So the great intestine. Albert. Bertrut. The biting is like that of a Dog, and so cured. Schrod. The heart helps the epilepsy: the liver helps those that are lean. The fat is hot, digesting, antiarthritick, and ophthalmick. The bones help stripes and punctures. The intestines and dung help the colic, drach. 1. being taken, or applied; so the skin, used. The oil helps the gout. Hartm. in Pract. The essence of the blood dissolveth coagulated blood. As for the description, they are bold, rapacious, voracious, & not much unlike a Dog. Their eyes are shining, teeth sharp & unequal, the neck is short, the brain increaseth and decreaseth with the Moon, the liver is like a Horse's hoof, the genital is bony, the fore feet have five toes, the hinder four, & the reins are like those of other creatures. They generate like dogs for twelve days, they go two months, & then bring forth a blind offspring like bitches, n°. eight or nine. They have an antiphathy to Man; Their diseases are madness, the gout, and quinsey. They feed on herbs, having weak bowels, they observe their enemies, and love their young. Coming into a sheepfold they kill all before they eat any.   

Beasts less used in meat or medicine.  
Carygneja. Jonst. T. V The tail is used in physic. drach. 1. being drunk several times in water, fasting, cleanseth the ureters, expelleth the stone, causeth venery, engendereth milk, helps the colic, easeth breeding Women, and expels the faetus, and being chewed and applied, it draweth out thorns in the flesh.  
Tajibi. Jonst. T. The flesh smelleth very strong, yet by some it's eaten; so Marcgrav. Hist. Brasil.  
Tamandua. 1. Maregrav. T. The flesh smelleth like that of the Fox, but is not eaten.  
Upalim. Ambrosin. T. The flesh is eaten by some after it hath been well beaten, to make it tender.  
Tlacaxolotl. Jonst. T. The flesh is edible.  
Cabim. Jonst. T. V It yields a little bone which stops bleeding.  
Danta. Jonst. T. The flesh especially of the feet, being well concocted, is very sweet to the taster, and yields good aliment.  
Cajotl. Jonst. Or Indian Fox, so called. T. V Some say that the genital helps the toothache, the teeth being cleansed with the same.  
Izquiepoel, or an other kind thereof. T. V Yields a dung and flesh, good for those that have the Hispanick disease.  
Tatus. Jonst. T. The flesh is very fat, sweet, and of a piruitous aliment, and abounding with excrements. V drach. 1. Of the shell taken inwardly provoketh sweat, and mightily helpeth the Morbus Gallicus; yet some of them are noxious and poisonsome, in so much, that causing vomiting and flatulency in the belly, they cause a syncope, and at last death. The antidote is oil olive in the beginning. They are distinguished by lamina's, the harmless shells having eight and the hurtful but seven.  
Igvana. Jonst. T. The flesh is of good taste, being boiled, and long fried with butter, and tasteth as well as that of Chickens or Rabbits.     

ORNITHOLOGIA. Of Birds.  

B.  

Barnicle. Branta.  

P. In Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and other places.  
M. Of corn, and in fens.  
N. Bernicla. Chenerotes. Bernichia.   
Barnacles. Muff. T. V They breed unnaturaly by corruption, & the taste is very unsavoury; yet they are eaten by poor men, hated by rich men, and rejected by those that are wise, when they have other meat to feed upon. Jonst. As for the description, it is less than the wild Goose, and of an ash colour, Aldrov. it flieth like the wild Goose, making a noise in the flying. And some affirm it's bred of the apples of a certain tree. Gesn. They are somewhat less than common Geese, and so he agreeth with others.   

Bat. Vespertilio.  

P. Almost in all dark places, and they fly abroad in the evening.  
M. Of gnats, flies, flesh, candles, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Ataleph. Arab. Baphas.   
Bat. Strab. T. The flesh though abominable, yet is eaten by some people; so Scaliger. V Avic. Aldiov. The flesh helps the scirrhus. Galen used it against the gout, also it is a psilothron with bitumen. Avicen makes an oil thereof against the gout. Plin. The blood is a psilothron. Archig. Ant. Mus. Seren. With other things, it helps the trichiasis, so Marcel. and Kiran. Gal. The brain with Woman's milk doth the like; so with vitriol, or the seed of hemlock, Which serveth also to hinder the growth of the duggs, and breasts. Plin. Magicians used the blood against the pains of the belly. Avic. The brain, Kiran. or blood applied with the juice of black thorn and honey, helps the suffusions of the eyes, in the beginning. Plin. The gall with vinegar applied, helps the bitings of the shrew mouse, in beasts. Belluens. The milk or urine is abstersive, very hot, and helps spots in the eyes, and wefts. Some say the dung causeth blindness: also the heart and tongue sometimes cause hydrophoby. The urine is counted commonly, to be of a venomous and septick faculty. Some say that the heart preventeth sleep, so the head, and hindereth waking if applied when a sleep. H. Their bitings are reported by some to be venomous; yet are cured by Sea or warm water, or hot ashes applied. Their are divers other faculties hereof, recited by the Ancients; but superstitious and frivolous. So Jonst. As for the description it's needless, the creature being very common. They fly abroad chiefly in the morning and evening. They see best in the night, Their visory spirit being most thin, and lucid; but it's more thick in the evening. Their voice is very loud and shrill. They are great friends to the Pigeon, and enemies to the Stork, plaine-tree, juy, and aunts. Aldrov. They are zootokons, only, amongst all flying creatures, and bring forth in holes, two young ones at a time, having two teats; yet some say that they are generated out of some putrid matter. Gesn. Some say the urine is venomous; yet some have used it without danger.   

Birgander. Vulpanser.  

P. About lakes and rivers, and such like places.  
M. Of things to be found in the rivers.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Chichelinches.   
Birgander. Plin. T. The flesh was formerly in account. Their eggs are worse than those of Peacocks, but better than Hens' eggs, so Epaenet. Heracl. Athaen. V Ares. the fait with vine ashes, helps the elephantiasis, and swell of the face. So Gesn. Jonst. As for the description, it is red breasted, and liveth in the water. Aldrov. It hath the form of a Goose & craft of a Fox; they defend themselves against the injuries of the Eagle, Cat, and other enemies: they love their young, & defend them as the Partridge, seeming to be young ones, and so leading the fowler from the young ones, they escape.   

Bistard. Vrogallus.  

P. In high hills and woods, in Germany and the North.  
M. Of leaves, of trees, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Dukiphat. Tetra●.   
Bistard. Aldrov. K. As the greater and lesser. T. Some affirm that the flesh is as sweet, and pleasant as that of Pheasants, in so much that it's counted fit only for the table of the Gentry: Therefore Caligula would have it sacrificed in his Temple, as Suetonius relates, sc. the greater Bistard; Jonst. Some confound it with Otis and the Ortygometra. As for the description, the 〈◊〉 is about nine inches long, the head is black, & bill short, gibbous and broad. The eye lidd's are red, the breast and belly black, the feathers of the wings blackish & five hands in length, with white feathers on the thighs, & sufcous on the legs, & they have white spots on the tail; there are some of them weigh twenty Italic pounds. Encel. Some report that they generate by the mouth, by eructation of sperm.   

Bittor. Asteria.  

P. About the banks of lakes and fens, and other places.  
M. Of fishes, frogs, and worms, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Botauros. Bos palustris, & aquaticus.   
Bittor. Muff. T. The flesh, as also of Storks and Herons, breeds no good nourishment; They feeding upon Frogs and Worms. Jonst. As for the description it's needless. They build their nests with reeds, they fly not quickly from the fouler; but dive in the water; or hid themselves amongst the reeds; they fly not before they leap. Where there is a scull of fish they stand as still as if they were dead, gently bending their necks, by incurvation: when taken, they stand unmoveable, and on a sudden wound the careless fowler. So Aldrovandus.   

Blackbird. Merula.  

P. In thick woody places, and angles, or corners.  
M. Of the same meat as the Thrush: as haws, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Nigretta.   
Blackbird. Elluchas. T. Some dislike the flesh, they feeding upon Worms and locusts; therefore there is a certain acrimony therein, and unpleasant smell. Platin. It is slowly concocted, nourisheth little, and causeth melancholy; yet the Salernitan Physicians reckon it amongst the laudable birds; & although Galen saith that it is harder, than that of the Partridge, Pigeon, or Hen, yet where he speaks of meats of good and bad juice, he affirmeth the former, as also that it's neither thin nor gross, and Savonarola preferreth it before the Bustard or Thrush, so Bapt Fire. Yet the Ornithologer and Volateranus deny it. The flesh of both are said to be hot, and dry initio 2di. The best are the fattest. As for their cookery, see Apicius. V Cells. Aldrov. The flesh helps the looseness of the belly, Plin. and the dysentery, being roasted with myrtle berries. Alex. Ben. The flesh is good to be eaten in the time of the plague. Marcel. It cureth the tormina, Rhas. and melancholy, by signature. Hal. The dung with vinegar helps lentils, the bird being fed with rice. Kiran. The old oil in which the flesh hath been boiled, helpeth the opisthotonos and sciatica. Some use the head with the feet of a Hare as an amulet, and to make men audacious, bold and active. As for the description it's here needless. They make their nests of a longish hemispherical figure, of little twigs, and then lute them, with some soft matter in the bottom; they hatch four or five young ones at a time. Their note is known. They are friends to the Robin redbreast, which followeth her, and roosts by her at night, or in the next tree. They hate the Owl, and follow her when making a noise. Gesner Agreeth with Aldrovand in what hath been above related; as in the rest, being followed by him.   

Buzzard. Buteo.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of herbs, as Clary, and woodbine; and of Animals.  
N. Triorchis. Millo Marcelli.   
Buzzard. Aldrov. T. The flesh is good and tender, especially in winter; the flesh is usually very fat and is therefore used both roasted and boiled. Albert. It's very sweet and of good taste, so Gesn. Therefore they are sold when dressed, in the markets, in divers places in Italy. V Bapt Port. The testicles boiled fresh with honey help those that are infirm in procreation, very suddenly; so also all plants, having the same signature. As for the description, it may be omitted: They fly slowly, and are easily taken, so Jonst. Aldrov. They are taken by tying a Mouse in the field with lime twiggs about it.    

C.  

Cock, etc. Gallus, etc.  

P. Almost every where, in England and other places.  
M. Of corn, flies, snails, and seeds etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Avis Cohortalis, & Lucis. The Hen, Gallina.   
COck, etc. Aldrov. T. The flesh when young, is in a mean, betwixt that which doth attenuate and make thick; for it is easily concocted, begets laudable blood, causeth a stomach, and is agreeable to all stomaches, especially if fat, and before coiture; they then growing more dry, and saltish; therefore they are to be gelded sooner, they being then more cold, and of easier descent; yet not of much nourishment, or such as will last long, consisting then of a thin and fluxile blood: therefore they are naught for such as are troubled with the gout, being attracted and received by the weaker parts. The brain is to be eaten with salt. The liver is moistish. The testicles are easily concocted. The eggs of Hens are best when fresh, and may be known by plenitude; they are best boiled, and when softish. Gal. They then being light of digestion, of good juice, not heating, but strengthening, and clearing the throat: When hard, they are more gross, viscous and styptic. Muff. Young Cockerels, are the best of the chickens, which leave no excrements in the body; and therefore are used in burning fevers; it is of all flesh the most commendable, nourishing much, causing sperm and lust. They are best roasted, being a moist meat; & with sorrel and sugar, or with white wine vinegar: They are a most temperate meat, for weak stomaches. The hardest of digestion are the white, so Gilbert, Grivener. Yet they are best for hectic persons, being most cold and moist. They are best in summer, and Pullet's and Hen's in winter, the Cock-chickens are best before they crow loud, & the female before trodden: Cocks flesh is best when young: it helps consumptions and hectic fevers. Their testicles, livers, and loins, are of very good nourishment; if sodden it's not good; the broth looseneth, and the flesh bindeth; which is contrary in that of a Hen, so Gal. C. those are the best that are of the game under 2. years of age. As for Hens they are best before they have laid, and when full of eggs; as also in January, and cold months, sleep and rest making them then fattest. When young the flesh is very temperate, of good juice, much nourishment, strengthening natural heat, engendering good blood, sharpening the appetite, quickening the eye sight, nourishing the brain and sperm, & agreeing with all ages and complexions, turning wholly, for the most part, into blood, making a lively colour, and quickening all the senses. Avic. The flesh of Pullet's helpeth the wit, cleareth the voice, and increaseth the sperm, so is of much nourishment. They are best when meanly fat, and fed with corn cast into chaff, that by exercise they may consume their superfluous moisture. The flesh of Capons of 7. or 8. months old, is preferred before all meats, by most Physicians. It helps the appetite, openeth the breast, cleareth the voice, fatteneth lean men, nourisheth all men, restoreth sicknesses, hurteth none; but the idle, tasteth pleasantly, and digesteth easily; also it's more solid than that of pullets, more tender than that of Cocks, more agreeable than Pheasants, or Partridges, not so dry as a Cock to be slowly digested, not so moist as a Chicken to be soon corrupted; but temperate, causing much in offensive blood, and much sperm, without unnatural sharpness or heat: therefore Faventinus made it the basis in his Analeptick Electuary, and Alois. Mundella thinks that consumption desperate, which Capons jellies, and culliss cannot recover. They are best roasted for moist stomaches; if boiled in white broth, they are of speedier; but not stronger nourishment. The Italians make Hen-copenets, by sering them in the loins. Note, Freitag. As for the name, it's called Capon, and Capo, quasi caput omnium; or the chief of all other meats. As for eggs, the best are the Hens, the shell of which is like the earth, cold and dry; the white like water, cold, and moist; the froth therein like air, hot and moist; the yolk like fire, hot and dry. Yet all together is temperate. The best are those of Pullet's engendered by the Cock new, white and long, such nourishing much, clearing the voice and breast, strengthening the stomach, curing consumptions, & causing lust by nutrition. They nourish quickly being liquid flesh, and much, by a proportionable heat and moisture, they are best in the morning being newest, and in the Winter Hens being then fattest, and worst in Summer by reason of ill feeding: it is best to eat them alone, they otherwise corrupting, and filling the face with pimples and freckles. H. they are naught for Children, their hot bodies turning them into over hot nourishment, whence the itch, scabs, inflammations, and corruptions do arise: also for old men, being hardly digested in a cold stomach; they are best for temperate young people, not feverish. Eggs serve also in fluxes, bridle sharp and griping humours, restore spirits in the weakness of the heart, and speedily pass from a clean stomach. Note the longest are usually Cock eggs, so of best nourishment, also those that have greatest yolks nourish most; but the other are fittest for hot stomaches. Furthermore rear eggs are of lightest digestion, The hard of slowest, and the softish of strongest nourishment. The fried are hot and malign in quality: the potcht are best for hot complexions, or those that are aguish. Sodden rear in the shell they are soon converted into blood, and if roasted rear in the embers they make thickest and strongest blood, and are fittest for cold weak and waterish stomaches. Ficinus calleth them the quintessence of flesh. Finally, of all creatures, those eggs are most wholesome that are most temperate, they being like their ventures. They chiefly in use, are those of Hens, Turkeys, Peacocks, Pheasants, Partridges, Berganders, Ostriches, Ducks, Geese, Pigeons, and Sparrows. As for the way of dressing them, it may be seen in Apicius, Platina and Aldrovandus. V Hipp. The white of 3. eggs being taken in water, helps the heat of fevers. Gal. The yolks help the syncopal fever before the fourth day, using the flesh after, chiefly that of a Capon, being more friable, and tender. So the cullis of the same. Tral. The testicles help the hectic fever. The broth with other things helps the fever called Epiala, so with the fat of a Duck: if of an old Cock it is laxative, cleansing, and opening. It dissipats flatulencies, and purgeth melancholy, so Serap. Bras. It bringeth out those things that are in the stomach and intestines. With seen it purgeth melancholy, phlegm with turbith, and choler with citrine myrobalans: Mesue addeth bastard saffron also to purge phlegm, in the gout, and against melancholy, dodder of time, and polypody, with time, Hyssop, Anet, and sal gem for the same purpose. Plin. It helps long fevers, stupidity, tremble, diseases of the joints, diseases and pains of the head, Epiphoras, inflations, nauseousness, the tenesmus, liver, reins, bladder, against crudities, and shortwindednesse being boiled with Capers, Parsely, Mercury, Polipody, or dill, etc. The best is the old red Cock, and sattish. Rhas'. the brain of a Hen, helps the trembling of the brain, wit and memory. The young Chicken dissected and applied to venomous bitings, draweth out the venom, and helps the Epilepsy caused thereby. Plin. The testicles with water and milk, help the falling sickness abstaining from wine, Ornithol. so the gall. Amat. Lus. Ornithol. Being dissected and applied to the head of a Woman they help melancholy and folly. The white of an egg helps pains, so Avic. sticking to the parts by its gluten. Applied to the forehead with a linen cloth it causeth sleep: So the feet eaten. Diosc. The white taken warm helps destillations & rheums. The same applied to the forehead, hindereth defluxions thence, it having an excellent astringent faculty, in so much that Pliny saith, that being mixed with live lime it will solder glasses, Hermol, and that being put upon a stick or garment it will not burn. Therefore Galen, Avicen and Serapio mixed it with things that hindered the flux of blood from the brain: and it helps the pissing of blood being taken crude, Plin. And spitting of blood; so the brain and blood. Gal. Eupor. So the shell with other astringent remedies. Plin. The powder thereof drunk in wine helps eruptions of blood, so Kiran. And bleeding at the nose, with frankincense and the white of an egg. Ornithol. So with sour or horse dung. The dung which is white expelleth coagulated blood. Avic. a rear egg helps hoarseness of a hot cause. Diosc. And roughness of the throat, so Gal. as also the inflammation of the trachea. It's mixed with things that incide humours contained in the breast or lungs. It also cureth all asperity of the stomach, belly, intestines and bladder. Elluch. Marcel. a forbile egg clarifieth the voice; so when newly laid. Hipp. The flesh of a roasted Hen is good against exulcerated arteries. Avic. And cleareth the voice. Myreps. The white dung taken with water or melicrate, helpeth occult quinseyes, or used with honey inwardly. Plin. The yolk of an egg applied, helps the destillations of the breast. Avic. A rear egg helps the dyspnoea. Arnold. The pulp of the flesh with ptysan, helps the Asthma, and other affections of the breast, so with Rose water, Almond milk, Amylum and Rice flower. Avic. A new rear egg, helps the pleurisy; so Joub. Diosc. and spitting of blood, Plin. Especially with Amylum. Avic. Sorbile eggs help the cough, pleurisy, phthifick, hoarseness of heat, shortness of breath, and spitting of blood, especially the yolk being taken warm, so Marcel. with old wine. Marcel. a crude egg drunk with the juce of cut leeks and honey helpeth the spitting of matter. Hipp. The flesh of a Cock helpeth the breast. Plin. Seren. Marcel. An egg with the juice of horehound and honey breaketh vomicas, purgeth and cureth them. Marcel. The fat taken inwardly helpeth those that are empyick. Some add the powder of dill. Avic. Sorbile eggs help the physic, Marcel. Some add oil, and bastard wine. Marsil. The white Chickens are best for those that are hectic: being colder. An egg with honey helps the cough, so Plin. and Seren. So with brimstone. Marcel. The powder of the inward skin of the ventricle drunk with wine helps the humid cough. Gal. The yolks of eggs help the syncope, they causing soddain and much nutriment: so the feather put into the nose with vinegar. Diosc. The inward tunicle of the stomach strengtheneth the stomach; so Guainer. Leonel. Sylu. being washed in wine, dried and powdered. So eggs being half boiled. Marcel. And with oil the yolks quench thirst. Being taken with live brimstone and the shave of Heart's horn it stops vomiting, so with a wall louse; but the dung causeth vomiting, therefore it's drunk against poison, being mixed with line seed, or that of nettles decoct in water, or with water and butter, so Guainer, and Villain. Archig. the powder of the yolk of an egg taken with barley meal easeth the pain of the stomach. Rondel. The ashes of the intestines of a Hen, help the pain and moisture of the stomach. Tral. The broth of an old Cock purgeth the hollow part of the liver. The oil of eggs helps the pain of the liver caused by flatulencies. An egg taken with brimstone helps the jaundice, Ornithol. So the tunicle of the stomach. Hipp. Cock's flesh roasted helps the dropsy. Marcel. The yolks of eggs boiled hard in vinegar, and taken with pepper help those that are coeliack: so Seren. with meal; or the membrane of the ventricle taken in austere wine. Eggs boiled in vinegar stop fluxes of the belly. So Gal. and Sym. Seth. Constant. so applied with vinegar: Seren or the shell drunk in wine. Hipp. And the flesh eaten. Avic. It is boiled sometimes with astringent remedies against the dysentery, and with milk against ulcers of the bladder. Crude eggs with oil of roses help the dysentery, with heat. Plin. The yolks of 5. eggs taken raw, with the shells, juice of poppies and wine, help the same. Calf. Eggs roasted hard stop the belly. So Gal. especially with ●…mach, galls, powder of snails, the fruit of myrtles, medlars, balaustins, and Hyppocystis. Marcel. The powder of the skin in an egg shell drunk in wine helps the dysentery also, and the broth of a young Cockerel, so the white of an egg used in a clyster with melilore, preventing ulcers and putrefaction. Seren. the ashes of an egg she'll help the pain of the belly. The roasted liver of a Cock with the membrane of the ventricle and juice of poppies helps the iliack passion. Eggs boiled in vinegar help ulcers of the reins and bladder. Alex. Tral. Raw eggs help the inflammation of the reins, Plin. And the yolk helps the erosions thereof. Aet. The white dung drunk helps the colic. Ornithol. So the decoction with carminatives, used in clysters Avic. or the broth with polypodie and dill. Diosc. So the dung with vinegar, so Gal. Andernacus maketh a potion of the decoction of an old Cock, for the same purpose: with things against wind. Kiran. Eggs boiled in the urine of an Ass help nephritick pains; so the inward membrane of the ventricle drunk with wine & salt. Avic. The powder of egg shells drunk breaketh the stone, sc. of those that have contained Chickens Plin. The white of an egg expelleth the same. Diosc. A warm egg taken helps corrosions of the bladder, & exulcerations of the reins. Some affirm that the ashes of the throat taken in warm water, help the incontinency of urine, and Galen useth this to stop the same, sc. the membrane of the stomach, with frankincense, accorns, balanstins, galls, with honey of roses, and cold water. Rhas'. The dry comb of a Hen stoppeth the pissing of bed; Gal. So the testicle Eggs boiled in vinegar, help the heat of urine. The shell provoketh urine, so Gatiner. Leonel. so with saxifrage water: mixed with wine it helpeth burstings. Marcel. The yolk of an egg helps the exiture of the fundament. Plin. Eggs boiled hard in vinegar and taken with peppper stop the belly. Rhas'. They cause venery, so the testicles. Gal. Egg shells boiled with cuminseed help the pain and inflammation of the genitals. Some commend the powder thereof against the Gonorrhoed Eggs steeped in vinegar stop the terms being taken with meal and water. Kiran. So if taken raw. The ashes of the shells, with that of Heart's horn, powder of Amber, and aneifeed, an. Drach. 1. taken in water help the whites. Being applied with myrrh they stop the courses. So Plin. the yolks boiled and drunk in wine do the same. Ornithol. The fume of eggs made by a fire hot brick causeth the menses; but the contrary is more probable. Plin. The yolks of raw eggs applied with oil and wine help inflations of the womb. Hipp. The fat of a Cock anointed an a suppository, of nitre and rosin, bringeth forth the dead Child; Kiran. So the heart of a Hen, applied to the hip. Plin. or eggs drunk in wine with Anet, Rue, and Cuminseed. Myrepf. A crude egg drunk with warm water expelleth the secundine. The powder of egg shells applied helps the falling down of the matrix. As for the external use. Plin. The white of an egg with Amylum helps St. Anthony's fire, so with oil applying beet leaves, so Seren. Gal. A raw egg applied presently helpeth burn: it moderately cooling and drying without biting: some add barley meal and a little salt. Ornithol. So the yolk with oil of roses. Arnold. The oil of eggs helps the pain thereof. The fame helps the itch, or the destilled water thereof. Galen for the same purpose mixeth eggs with other things. Sext. The red dung of a Cock breaketh felons and easeth the pain. So Plin. With vinegar. The white of eggs with white frankincense applied, helps broken bones. Myrepsus useth eggs in his Medicine against eminencies. Plin. Mixed with Showbread they help moist ulcers in the head. Ornithol. the powder of egg shells and of the soles of old shoes, with Cow's dung stamped, drieth up old ulcers in the legs. Arnold, The oil of eggs help fistulas, and melancholic ulcers. Avic eggs with oil of roses help impostumes of the fundament, they are used in plasters also, and in clysters against ulcers, apostumes, and the crysipelas with oil. Pet. upon. Eggs help the increasing of tumors. Rhas'. The green dung of a Cock applied plasterwise with the yolk of an egg and a little saffron, openeth any porulent abscess. Ornithol. The skin of the ventricle of a Capon powdered, is good in mortified fistulas. The whites of eggs purge wounds, and constringe what is lax. Plin. The powder of the shells helps all eruptions of blood. The liquor of the whites distilled helps cicatrices and other spots, being often used, so the oil of eggs. The egg used to the head, and afterwards using water, or the juice of Showbread, killeth nits. Plin. The fresh dung helps the alopecia. Kiranides and Rhases use it with vinegar, after rubbing with an onion. Oil of eggs causeth the hairs to grow. The gall of a Cock helps the weakness of the eyes, sharpening the sight, and helping the spots thereof; especially with the juice of celondine and honey. Gal. An egg steeped in vinegar, dissected and applied to the eyes, causeth sleeping. Constant. The white injected into the eyes, helpeth the prickings thereof, as also all their heat and itchings. Diosc. The white of an egg applied to the forehead with frankincense stops and diverts defluxions. Plin. So with woman's milk and wool. It helps the Epiphora, also some use it with saffron, or with snails. Diosc. The white injected into the eyes helps the inflammations thereof. Gal. So those of the eyebrows, ears, Dugs, and nervous parts, the whole being used. With milk and oil of roses it helps phlegmons of the eyes. The chemical liquor of the whites cooleth the eyes, strengthens them, and is useful in ocular remedies. Gal. Plin. The white helps lippitude. The gall helps suffusions, especially with honey, and the juice of fennel, rue, eye bright, swallow-wort or vervain. Some say the dung of a white Cock with honey and vinegar injected into the eyes stops the weeping thereof. Archig. Gal. The white helps bloody and bruised eyes, so the yolk, some add honey; so used with Wine. Marcel. The gall with honey helps darkness. Constant. The blood of a Cock also helps the eyes. The fat injected helps the vices of the ears, if stopped by water, or are purulent, as also if of difficult hearing. Kiran With spikenard, it helps the pains of the ears, and passions of the nerves, being hotter and drier than that of Swine. Avic. The yolk of an egg helps hot impostums in the ear, and the oil helps the pain thereof, and openeth the same; though Galen saith the white easeth pain: To which if there be inflammation, he addeth opium and Woman's milk; so the pellicle of the ventricle with wine, and opium. The fat of a Hen helps the asperity of the tongue. The oil of eggs with Goose grease helps the toothache. Plin. The powder of egg shells serveth as a dentifrice. Aeg. Hens fat mollifieth the gums and facilitats the breeding of teeth in Children. Kiran. So the brain. Marcel. Plin. The fat helps the chaps of the lips. Ornithol. An egg applied with a linen cloth and wine helps tumors of the Duggs. Gal. The broth of a Hen or Kid, helps the inflammations of the tonsils, and quinsies, so with other things, in Eupor. Kiran. A crude egg helps the ruptures and inflammations of the fundament. Diosc. Plin. So the yolk. Diosc. The fat helps the pain of the matrix, and imposthume of the same. Avic. A pessary made of the white with the oil of Alcanna helps ulcers of the womb. The bath and fume from a Hen stuffed with wormwood helps the gout: Marcel. Plin. So the dung applied fresh: Aetius used eggs also in his podagrick cerot. Kiran. The liver of a Hen applied with barley meal doth the same. Marcel. The ashes of the dung applied with oil help ulcers of the feet: with oil and Nitre it helpeth corns. Thus of the outward and inward remedies hereof. Furthermore, Aet. The broth of a young Cockerel after vomiting, helps against poison, and that the white & yolk will show in the urine. Diosc. Eggs drunk with oil help against aconite. Nicand. The broth of a fat Hen helps against dorycnium. The dung helps against Frogstooles with wine and vinegar, or oxymel. So Aet. Plin. and Rond. The D. is Drach. 1. or 2. The same helps against the bitings of a mad Dog. Aet. or of a Cat. The Body dissected helps the bitings of Serpents, or of other venomous beasts, so Gal. So the brain drunk with a little pepper. Kiran. The blood of a Cock helps those that have drunk the Sea Hare. Plin. Eggs applied with cresses help the wounds of Serpents. The brain drunk with Pepper helps the bitings of the Phalangia, so Rhas. The gall also helps against venomous bitings and wounds, as of the Scorpion, the fish called Callionimus, Sea Tortise, and Hyena. The rumps of live Cocks being successively applied help Buboes, in the plague. Hens fed with vipers help the Elephantiasis. The dung helps plague botches. A Cock dissected & applied helps the Frenzy. Some cast the dung into the nostrils of Horses against their phlegm. Having eggs given to them steeped in vinegar they recover from their cough, after using Fenigreek, Prisan cremor and Honey. Absyrt. Hier. The dung used in a clyster with Wine and Nitre helps their Iliack passion and inflation of the belly, using Cow's dung by the mouth. Anatol. The dung used to the privities of a Mare with Turpentine causeth her to go to Horse. Eggs given raw to kine cause appetite, putting Garlic into their nostrils. The powder of the dung helps their ulcers, with the juice of elder, after washing with the decoction thereof with wine and salt. The broth of a Cap●n is good in weaknesses, fevers and the Pestilence with appropriate herbs, so the distilled water. The grease helps the colic. Aldrov. Jonst. The powder of the pellicle of the stomach helps fistulas: the bones of the legs are used against the whites in Women. Schrod. The jelly is nutritive, the fat is betwixt that of Geese and Swine. The white of an egg is cold, binding, and glewing: the yolk is anodyne, degestive, loosening and maturative. It is used in Clysters with salt.   

Colemouse. Ficedula.  

P. Almost every where, in all Countries.  
M. Of Figs. and Corn, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Melancoryphus. Carbonarius parus.   
Colemouse. Schrod. T. The flesh eaten sharpeneth the eye sight. As for the description, it is needless, the bird being common, nor the note, it being often heard; as for the rest, see Titmouse. Aldrov. They are best in the autumn, being then fattest. Aristot. They build in hollow trees. They bring forth many young, and usually an odd number: They feed their young very fat: they are taken by nets, and birdlime.   

Coot. Fulica.  

P. In Fennish and watery places, and reedy pools, etc.  
M. Of Herbs and Seeds, and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Phalaris. Mergus niger. Pullus aquaticus.   
Coot. Aldrov. T. They have a rank and moorish smell, therefore they are used to be boiled in an open pot, and roasted afterwards; so they are more pleasant, tenderer and of easier concoction: they are best in autumn; but never good for temperate Bodies. V some use the heart against the Epilepsy. The flesh is used also against bitings by Spiders. The description is needless. They build their nests on the ground, lay eggs of the bigness of those of Hens, in the summer time. They foretell storms by their noise, and winds by their diving, and clapping of their wings; so Jonston.   

Cormorant. Mergus.  

P. 〈◊〉 the Sea, Rivers, and Fens, and such like places.  
M. Of Eels, and conger's, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Dypres. Poynge. Bunges.   
Cormorant. Aldrov. T. the flesh is black and hard of digestion. V Kiran. The flesh roasted and eaten helps the Elephantiasis and spleen. The blood is alexipharmick and resisteth venomous beasts: the powder of the ventricle helps concoction, sc. of that called Aethyia. Seren. So of that called Mergus; though Galen and Wotton deny it. Plin. Magicians use the heart against quartans. Diosc. The old liver drunk with hydromel, bringeth out the secundine. Aet. Being roasted, with oil and a little salt it helps those that are bitten by a mad Dog. Kiran. The gall with rosin of Cedar hindereth the growing of hairs on the eyelids, after evulsion: the eggs help the dysentery, reins, and stomach. Jonst. Their young presently get their living. The old are often fished with, having a string tied about their necks, to hinder them from swallowing. Their noise about the banks predicts tempests. The Water Crow may be reduced hither, the skin of which is used to be worn upon the stomach, causing concoction, their ventricle presently concocting all meat.   

Crane. Grus.  

P. In Lybia, Egypt, and Aethiopia.  
M. Of Fruits. and Herbs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Avis Palamedis. Heb. Sas.   
Crane. Gal. T. The flesh is fibrous and hard. Aeg. The lesser are more moist, easierly concocted, of stronger meat, and sooner pass through the Body. Rhas'. The flesh causeth melancholy. Sym. Seth. It's hot and dry, therefore they are to be eaten 2 days after killed; but it seemeth rather to be cold, and dry, of a gross substance, and hard of concoction. They are best after they have hanged in their feathers, and are after used with Aromatic sauces, drinking sack after it. Ornithol. The flesh is moister, than that of the Stork. The eggs are eaten by the Indians. Barth. Ang. But they are insiped, of a strong smell, ungrateful taste, and of hard digestion. V Avic. Port. They defend from venomous creatures. Villanov. They help against cankers, the palsy, and ulcers. Marcel. Used in meat they help against the tormina. The broth clarifieth the voice, and increaseth the sperm, so Sym. Seth. Arnold. The powder of the head, eyes, and belly helps fistulas, cankers, and all ulcers. The brain is used against vices of the fundament. Rhas'. The liver helps pains of the reins, drach. 1. being drunk with the water of ciches: also the testicles with sal gem, spume of the Sea, dung of a Lizard and Sugar, help white spots in the eyes, and bruits. The gall helps spasmes. Hal. Being cast into the nostrils with the water of sweet marierom, it helps the palsy. Constant. The fat helps all hardnesses. Sym. Seth. That arising from boiling helps deafness, and the hardness of the spleen with vinegar of squills, taken in a bath. Applied it helps swell. The dung is of the nature of that of the Pigeon. Some say that the feathers stupefy Serpents. Schrod. The flesh is good for the nerves and membranes, as also against the colic. The fat helps the stiffness of the neck, and is of the nature of the Goose grease. The marrow of the shanks is used in ophthalmick unguents. As for the description, the neck is 18. inches long, the sides are black, the neathermost parts white, the Crown black with a red spot, the rest ash coloured, except the greater feathers of the wings, and are crisped towards the tail. The rough artery is inserted in the flesh to the bone sternon, therefore they are heard so fare. They generate as Sparrows. They lay 2. eggs, their noise is great and loud, they live 40. years, run fast, usually fly with the wind, in a triangular form, and vary according to the wind. They follow the most robust and ancient leader, and when weary, substitute the next, the hindmost always make a noise for the rest: they watch in the night with a stone in their feet. The rest put the head under the wing: also they hate Eagles.   

Craye. Cornix.  

P. About Cities, Houses, and Rivers, etc.  
M. Of Fruits, Nuts, Worms, fishes, and flesh, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Gauds. Kokis. Berositis. Rook.   
Craye. Aldrov. T. the flesh is of ill, stinking, and bilious juice; yet it's eaten by the poor people in Italy. Demet. Constantinop. The flesh hurts Hawks also. V Plin. Marcel. The brain boiled, and eaten, helps great and old pains of the head, Plin. And causeth hairs in the eye lids. Kiran. The dung helps the dysentery. The bellies laid 3. days in fresh dung, and left after to ebulliate in oil till resolved, cause the hairs to be white. Ornithol. The putrid flesh draweth shrew mice unto it, which then may be killed. Jonst. The flesh is thought useful in Chronical diseases. As for the description, it's about the bigness of a Jay, with black feathers, bill, and legs, & whitish about the neck, with hairs about the eye lids. They breed in the tops of trees, and sometimes join with Crows. They lay 2. eggs, they love their young, they are scabbed in the summer solstice, they fly swiftly, and they love the Stork and Crane, but hate Owls.   

Crow. Corvus.  

P. Desolate, humid, and high places that are tilled.  
M. Of Corn, Apples, Cherries, and Worms, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Satyra avis. Heb. Oreb. Arab. Gerabib.   
Crow. Aldrov. T. the flesh is counted unwholesome, they feeding upon dead bodies. So for Hawks also. V Drach. 1. Of the ashes drunk thrice in a day, with the water of Castoreum helps the Epilepsy. Philes, the eggs with myrtles make the hair black; so the blood and brain with black wine, Rhas. So the fat with rue and oil. Ornithol The brain with vervain water helps the Epilepsy. Rhas'. The gall prevents venery, with the oil sesamine. Rhas'. The fume of the same makes the hair white. The heart is said to cause watchfulness. Plin. Marcel. Sext. The dung with wool helps the toothache, Plin. And the cough in Children: the fume helps the white scald also. Kiran. The eggs cause abortion. Arnold. The eggs help the spleen, with those of a Pigeon applied to the spleen. Schrod. The ashes of Crows help the gout. The description is needless. Jonst. They lay 4. or 5. Eggs, sit 20. days, live 40. years, and hate Kites.   

Cuckoo. Cuculus.  

P. Almost every where, in England, Holland, etc.  
M. Of Flies, Birds, Flesh, Eggs, and Fruits.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Kaath. Gugulus Albert.   
Cuckoo. Aristot. T. The young are fat, and of good taste; the flesh is used by the Italians. V Plin. Being applied in a Hare's skin it causeth sleep. Some use the dung decoct, and drunk, against the biting of a mad Dog. Rondel. The ashes help the pain and moisture of the stomach. Schrod. And the stone; it also helpeth the epileptic, and those that have agues, being given in the fit: the description is useless. Jonst. usually they lay but one egg, chief in the nest of the Hedg-sparrow, which bred, some say, after, doth devour the dam, their flights are short, interrupted and low. Their voice is known. They are enemies to birds, & friends to the Kite. Their feathers come off in Winter, and they are scabed.    

D.  

Duck. Anas.  

P. In watery, and Fenny places, and the like.  
M. Of the roots and seeds of aquatic plants.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Pappos. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Hisp. Anáde.   
DUck. Aldrov. T. The flesh is hot, moist, gross, hard, not easily concocted, and excrementitious. Gal. It's harder than that of the Hen or Pigeon; yet Archigenes commends it for those that are stomachick. Avic. It sometimes causeth fevers, and descendeth slowly out of the stomach, loading the same: but if it be concocted, it yields much nourishment, & nourisheth more than that of other foul, making far; yet it's not of so good juice. The best part in them is the wing: the liver is good, sweet, & of good juice, but this rather agreeth to Geese. It's in moisture like Mutton, & hotter than that of other domestic souls. Mes. It's very moist, clarifieth the colour & voice, helps flatulencies, & strengthens the body: Elluch. It's good for those that are hot & young, & chiefly in the winter. It's hot and moist 2°. it's best roasted, with spices. Plat. Its hotter than the Goose. Jul. Alex. The liver helps fluxes caused by the vice of the liver. Alex. Ben. H. the flesh is naught in times of the plague. Fracast. And for the french pocks. Savon. Also it causeth nauseousness. Bruyer. Those are worst that are bred in Cities. Villanov. They are best in autumn, but never good for temperate bodies. The wild are better than the tame and the young, than the old, a days after killed. They are bad for those that are melancholic, but good in cold seasons and for those that labour: As for the cookery thereof it may be seen in Platina and Apicius. Muff. Young Ducks fed with grinded malt are of good nourishment, clear the colour, help hoarseness, increase sperm, and expel wind. V Marcel. The flesh eaten helps the termina, so applied alive to Cows, Horses, or Men. Avic. It causeth coiture. Gal. The blood drunk with oil helps against poison some potions, & bitings of vipers, so Kiran. and Myreps. Diosc. Therefore it's used in many antidotes, as the Diahaematon, etc. it helps the bleeding of the nostrils, and confusions of the eyes, being after anointed with Oesypus and honey. It stoppeth the belly. Serap. The fat, is hot subtle, and better than the rest; but this rather agreeth to Goose grease. Myreps. It's used in plasters against the pleuresy. With oil of roses it stoppeth bleeding. Villanov. The dung applied helps venomous bitings. The womb is used in the Antidote Ecloge of Myrepsus, against the coeliack passion and spitting of blood. Schrod. Applied alive they help the colic. The fat heateth, moistens, softens, digesteth and resolveth, therefore it's used in inward and outward griefs, sc. of the sides, joints, and cold distempers of the nerves, etc. As for the description it may be omitted. Jonst. They generate in March and are very salacious. They sit near waters. They go showly, by reason of the shortness of their feet, and they are almost of the nature of Geese. They eat the Eagle by diving. They foretell wind thereby: and rain, by their noise.    

E.  

Eagle. Aquila.  

P. In Peru. Germany. and Polonia. and other places.  
M. Of the flesh of Pigeons, Geese, and Swans, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Nescher. Chald. Nisra. Arab. Alneser.   
EAgle. Aldrov. T. The flesh is hard, fibrous, and excrementitous, begetting a black juice, therefore it's fit for Medicine, than meat; so D. Hieron. V The skin dressed like that of a Swan helps the colic and vices of the stomach. The nerves help pains of the nerves and gout. The bones help the Hemicrania. Those of the scull ease the headache. The wings put under the feet accelerate delivery. The feet help the pain of the loins. The brain drunk in wine helps the jaundice. With oil and a little Rosin of Cedar it helps the Scotoma, and all affections of the head. The tongue helps the incontinency of urine. Being hung about the neck in a linen cloth it helps the rough artery, vices of the Columella, difficulty of breathing and the cough, so Gal. the heart is said to drive away wild beasts. The powder of the ventricle helps digestion; but it emaciats. The powder of the liver drunk with the blood, and oxymel 10. days, helps the Epilepsy. Diosc. The gall is the strongest of all. Gal. It's used against swell and suffusions in the eyes. An errhine may be made thereof for Children, against flatulencies in the head. With water it cleanseth white spots in the eyes. Applied it helps the bitings of the viper, and venom of Scorpions. The powder of the testicles causeth venery. The quills kill warts. Serap. The fume of the dung bringeth forth the Foetus. Port. It driveth away Serpents. Jonst. The brain is so hot, that the powder thereof taken, causeth madness. As for the descripton, the body is thick, and upright; the bones have little marrow, the bill is crooked, eyes little, quills hard, claws aduncate, gall eruginous, blood thick and fibrous, & dung very sharp. They copulate often, they can fly from morning to night very high, they see well, they hate the Swan, Crane, Stork, Vulture, Dragon and Serpents: they live long, but when old, die by reason of their crooked bills.    

G.  

Goose. Anser.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of Grain, Grasse, and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Ganza. Hisp. Ansaron.   
GOose. Muff. T. Galen commendeth only the giblets, stomach, & liver of a Goose sodden in broth. The flesh of goslings well fed is nourishing and pleasant; but the best is the stubble Goose, being of a middle constitution. If it be above 4. months old it cannot be well digested without Garlic sauce, exercise, and strong drink. Their moisture is corrected by stuffing them with spices and hot herbs, Savonarola counteth the flesh hot, Albertus, cold, and Galen, more moist than of any water foul; but their feeding showeth them to be hot and dry, they drinking often, delighting to be in the coldest water, and eating lettuce, endive, porcelain, trefoil, duck's meat, and sowthistle. Aldrov. The Jews delight in the flesh thereof. The flesh is hard, musculous, and not easily concocted, also they cause little laudable juice. Therefore they are not often to be eaten, by those that love their health, being excrementitious also, and more gross, hot, and moist than any domestic foul, being of the nature of the Ostrich; so Elluch. Rhas'. Avic. Savon: it causeth fevers. Jul. Alex. It causeth obstructions; but if well digested, it's of much and strong nourishment. Alex. Ben. H. they are naught in the time of Pestilence, Villanov. And for those that are troubled with the hemorrhoids, Fracast. or with the french pocks as also those that have the gout, & in all diseases. They are best in the Winter, as also all other hot & strong flesh. The eggs are worse than those of Hens, Sim. Seth. Grosse, and hardly concocted. V Bapt. Port. The flesh eaten causeth length of life. Fi●in. So the fat. Port. It maketh loquacious, and to tell what is done, in dreams. It cureth Hydrophobie, and causeth venery Gal. The fat is more fit for use, than that of Cocks, but more digesting, being of a thinner substance, it's the most emollient of all wild foul's, more loosening than lard, drying, and easing pain and lassitude; yet that of Hens or Hogs may be its substitute. Aet. It's hotter and drier, than lard, Aeg. or Goats fat, and of thinner parts. Goose grease if not salted, helpeth the pain of the matrix, and is mixed with plasters for the eyes, and chaps of the lips, pains of the ears, roughness of the face, and colour. It easeth pain, helps biting humours, all tumors, inflammations with pain, and phegmons with oil of roses. Aesculap. Constant. Also against all hardnesses, scirhus, S. Anthony his fire, & bruises with mustardseed, honey and wax; in wounds: to stop bleeding with butter, and to help gallings with the brain, alum and oesipus. Hypocrates useth it against cicatrices. With honey it helps the biting of a mad Dog. With hot water and butter it helps against poison. Avic. It helps the alopecia; so Marcel. and Gal. With the seed of cresses it helps scurse, Plin. Sext. and ulcers of the head. Apollon. It helps the pain of the head and temples. Plin. Injected into the nose with oil of roses it stops bleeding. With oesipus and myrtle wine it causeth sleep, and it preserveth the skin of the face; so Diosc. that it be not hurt by the sun or weather, so Ruel. and Marcel. Virg. It helps the vices of the ears. Pliny and Marcellus add earth worms. Pliny useth it with the juice of Basil. With woman's milk it helps contused and fractured ears, so with myrrh, butter or rosin: with the former it helps their inflammations, tumors and redness. Marcel. With earth worms decoct it helps purulent ears. Bapt. Fort. It helps deafness, some add the juice of onions also, or of garlic; the same helps the sounding of the ears, so with honey. Sext. Also with Bull's gall. Apollon. And the pain thereof with the fat: and it helps deafness with saffron: with nitre, rosin, and oil it helps the inflations of the ears. It helps when any thing is fallen into the ear, and brings out any humidity with saffron. With butter it helps divers affections of the nostrils. It helps the ozaena, and chaps of the lips, so Diosc. Sym. Seth, Plin. and Marcel. Avic. So those of the face, and ulcers of the mouth. It helps rigours of the neck, and tumors thereof with the yolks of eggs. With that of Mice it helps crump-backs. Plin. With oil of roses it preserveth the duggs after childbirth, with milk it restraineth them. With tar and the powder of anet it helps the empyema. With Sea crabs it helps the physic. Plin. With oesipus, urine, myrrh, and oil of myrtles it helps the dropsy. Marcel. With the brain, butter, alum, and oesipus, it helps the reins. In clysters it helps the colic. The former composition helps all vices of the fundament. Marcel. With agrimony it helps the condylomata. With warm water, the toasted spume of silver, galls, white wine, & oil, it helps the hemorrhoids in Women: and pain of the fundament with oesipus, as also the ulcers of the genitals, so Diosc. with the curd of a Hare and barley meal it helps the incontinency of urine. Avic. It cureth the vices of the womb, sc. without salt, and fresh. with Woman's milk and oesipus it helps the pains thereof. Hypocrates mixeth it with other things. Plin. Hip. It helps its swell and hardness; he mixeth it with other things to purge the womb, To draw out the difficult birth, and the dead infant, to expel the secundine, stop reds, help the dropsy of the womb, inflammation, suffocation, pustules, inflamed ulcers, to cause conception, and to hinder abortion, as also to help the falling down of the womb. Plin. Applied it helps the pain of the duggs, breaketh the mola, and easeth the scab or itch, with wall louse. Furner. Used fresh with ligature, it helps the wrinkles in the bellies of Women. Kiran. It's also used in pessaries. The liquor is used with other things, against the palsy, and gout, Extenuaton of the joints, and spasmes. The broth helps against poisons, as the cantharides, toxicum, coriander, aconite, and dorychnium. Diosc. The blood is used in antidotes. Myreps. It resisteth poisons with vinegar. Diosc. It helps the poison of the Sea-Hare, Plin. So with oil, and all evil medicaments, with the earth of lemnoes, and the juice of the white thorn, with water. When dry it's used against long agues. Plin. The gall helps contused eyes, using oesypus and honey after it. Kiran. With that of a Bull, & the juice of Daphne, it helps deafness. With elaterium and honey it helps the quinsey. that of the wild Goose with the juice of knot grass, helps towards conception and venery. The marrow is more liquid, than that of fourfooted beasts. Hipp. It helps diseases of the womb, as the hardness thereof, with the rose ointment; so with Woman's milk. their eggs are gross, not easily concocted, and of bad juice. Sym. Seth. Yet they help the wit of those that use them constantly with honey and butter. Gal. drach. sem. Of the shell taken in wine helps the dysentery. Fernel. The dung is of the same nature as that of Pigeons; but stronger, for it attracteth, heateth, & is rubifacient with barley meal, and discutient with vinegar. Being dried and stamped with the seed of cresses, it helps old pains of the hips, sides, neck and loins; it helps the gout and arthritick pains. Mizald. It helps impostumes. Ornithol. Newly taken it helps inflammations called griggelen by the Helvetians. Rusius useth it against the morphew and ringworms in Horses. Kiran. Drunk it helps the cough. Hipp. With the rose ointment it causeth conception: it helps the scurvy with rheinish wine, Bull's dung, nutmegs, and cloves. Some use it fresh against the jaundice. The powder of the feathers of the belly stops bleeding. The feathers indented, put into the nostrils cause the nose to bleed. Weck. a sacculus of the feathers helps the crudities of the stomach. Alex. Ben. The powder helps the stone. The brain helps gallings, the reins, rhagades, and hemorrhoids, with the fat and honey. With the fat, oil of roses, and the shells, it helps tumors of the matrix: with Heart's marrow it helps chaps of the lips. It cures the aphthaes. With spikenard it helps the rheum of the ears: And carbuncles with cleansed raisins. Injected with oil of lilies it bringeth forth the dead child, so Kiranides. The tongue is counted good for the bladder, Gal. one being eaten every day, stops the flux of urine. So Plin. and Marcel. Being roasted, the same helpeth the hydrocele. Sym. Seth. It helps the strangury being eaten, and it causeth lust in Women. The ventricle helps those that are stomachick. The intestines help the coeliack. The heart and lungs cure the physic, and the liver helps the hepatick. Sym. Seth. The testicles help to generation, so Gaudentius Merula. Schrod. The fat applied, looseneth the belly of children. The D. of the blood is drach. 1. or 2. The dung incideth, and openeth; it bringeth forth the menses, secundine, and urine: it's much used against the yellow jaundice, scurvy and dropsy. The D. is drach. sem. to drach. 1. and if fresh drach. 2. in some convenient liquor. The powder of the cuticle of the feet is astringent, therefore it's counted good in the flux of the menses. The D. is drach. sem. it's used outwardly to kibes. And some mix it with antiicterick remedies.    

H.  

Hawk. Accipiter.  

P. In England, Prussia, Livonia, and Russia, etc.  
M. Of birds, and foul: the worst on frogs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Netz. Arab. Basi. Pers. Bas.   
Hawk. Aristot. T. The flesh of the young ones, is fat and sweet, especially of Buzzards; therefore it may be used as diet. V Kiran. Being roasted and eaten, the flesh helps the epilepsy. Plin. Being boiled in oil of roses, it helps all vices of the eyes. Rab. Moys. The flesh of the young Ones, strengthens the mind, and resists melancholy, and the perturbations of the mind. Aesculap. The fat with oil, helps the dimness of the eyes. Vrfin. And the junctures. Kiran. Some wear the eyes about the neck against tertian agues. Anon. The powder of the ventricle steeped 3. days and nights in wine not allayed, with 3. spoonfuls of the juice of Fennel and Honey, drunk before bed time, helps any evil affections of the body. Gal. The gall is very sharp and eroding, so that some say by its cleansing quality it helps the eyes. Plin. So the dung, or ashes thereof with atrick honey: with wine it's taken as an antidote against the hiring of the Stellion. Hipp. Being drunk fasting in wine, it helps towards conception. Villanov. With the slough of a Serpent, Opopanax, myrrh, Galbanum, castoreum, citrine sulphur, and madder, it causeth delivery, sc. the fume thereof being taken, with the gall of a heifer. Wecker in his Syntaxis, prescribes it with Cinnamon, Cassia, Saffron, and a little white wine. Schrod. The oil helps all vices of the skin. As for the description it is needless. Jonst. They are fallacious, they lay 4 or 5 eggs, and sit thereon for twenty days. They live long and have many diseases, sc. difficulty of breathing, than they gape and vomit: worms, than the feathers fall off the breast: choler, than the vomit is green: the fever, than there are weals in the mouth: as also with stypticity, trembling, etc. They see sharply, fly swiftly, and live solitarily.   

Heath-cock. Attagen.  

P. In Crete, Cyprus. Spain, and England, in divers places.  
M. Of Corn and-Fruits, and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Perdix Asclepica.   
Heath-cock. Aldrov. T. the flesh is easily concocted, and causeth good juice. Jul. Alex. It hath the deserts of all commendations therein, it causing clear and strong spirits, both in respect of the quantity, and facility of concoction: Gal. The nutriment thereof is neither thin nor gross. Muff. When young it is little inferior to that of a Pheasant, and well relishing; but when old, the flesh is black, except that next the breast bone, which is white, tender, firm, and wholesome. V Gal. The flesh helps those that are stomachick, or nephritick, so Alex. Ben. Avic. it increaseth the brain, intellect, and sperm. Jonst. The flesh is without fibers. Tral. It helps those that are purulent: The description is needless. They love Hearts, and hate Cocks.   

Heron. Ardea.  

P. In France, and England, and other Countries.  
M. Of Fishes, and Oysters, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Scholach. Arab. Babgack.   
Heron. Bellon. T. The flesh is better, than that of the Crane, being more sapid and tender: though some, count it foerid and not very healthful. It's best when young, it smelling rankely when old, Alex Also being fibrous and hard. Bruyerin; yet it's eaten by the nobility in France. V Plin. Some think the bill causeth sleep. Ornithol. The fat cleareth the eyes. Villanov. H. the flesh is not good for those that have the Hemorrhoids. Schrod. The fat helps the pain of the gout, and deafness, the same serveth to catch fish withal. The description is needless. Jonst. They generate moving their wings, & breed in woods and fenny places. They fly holding their legs backwards and their necks contracted, and that very high. They hate the Lark, and kill the Hawk with their bills.   

Houpe. Vpupa.  

P. In Mountains and Woods, on the Earth.  
M. Of Worms, Beetles, and Flies, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Phylincopteros. Heb. Anapha.   
Houpe. Rhas'. T. The flesh is austere. V Marcel. The ashes drunk in wine, help the colon. Rhas'. Applied as a cataplasm it helps the bitings of a Crab. Plin. The heart helps the pain of the sides. The blood used to the temples causeth sleep. The fume of the feathers expelleth worms. The tongue helps oblivion. The skin helps the pain of the head. Rhas'. The eye as an amulet cureth the leprosy. Schrod. The feathers help the pain of the head. Jonst. As for their description, they are a little bigger than a Quail, and of a duskish colour, which they change in the autumn. They have a tuft on their heads. They make their nests in fogs. They lay three eggs, like, but less than those of Partridges, and of a stronger smell. They fly gently. Their noise shows rain.    

K.  

Kingfisher. Alcedo.  

P. Almost every where by rivers, and ditches.  
M. Of fishes, by diving under the water.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Halcyon. Avis Possideonis.   
KIngfisher. Kiran. T. V Some affirm that being roasted and eaten, the flesh helps those that are demoniac, which seemeth to be fabulous: As also that the eyes, applied in a linen cloth, to the head of those that sleep too much, cause waking. Bapt. Port. So the flesh eaten, the bird being wakeful. Schrod. Some say, that the heart dried and hung about the necks of infants, helpeth the falling sickness. As for the description, it may be omitted, as useless. Jonst. They lay five eggs, and build on the shore. They love the Males and keep company with them all the year. Some say that their breast always turneth to the wind, being hung up by the bill with a thread, in the house.   

Kite. Milvus.  

P. Almost every where, in England and other places.  
M. Of birds, and carrion, and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Daah. Arab. Cheda.   
Kite. Avic. T. The flesh is gross. Aldrov. Yet it's eaten by poor people in Germany. V Some say that a twig of the nest, laid under the head, easeth the pain thereof, and the opisthotonos. The powder of the flesh helps the gout, Gal. and the epilepsy, Plin. so the liver eaten, as also the opisthoronos drunk; applied it helps the vices of the eyes, so Bapt. Port. Marcel. the testicles drunk fasting with spring water and honey, help towards fecundity or venery. Plin. The dung helps the pains of the joints: Florent. The fume of the same with storax driveth away creeping things, Port. and Serpents. The worms of the flesh help the gout. The gall takes away the spots of the eyes. Schrod. The D. of the powder is scrup. sem. or scrup. 1. The blood applied with nettles helps the gout, so the fat. Jonst. They love the Cuckoo.    

L.  

Lark. Alauda.  

P. In England, France, and Italy, and other places.  
M. Of Corn and worms, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cassita. Galerita.   
LArk. Durant. T. The flesh is hot and moist without excess, and is fittest to be eaten, when fattest, sc. in autumn and winter: And is of good nourishment. When roasted they help the appetite, and are easily concocted, especially with sage, if not too stolen. Cardan. It's hot and dry. Savon. 2°. sc. The Cristed. Elluch. That without the Criste is the best, V Aldrov. The Cristed lark helps the colic, being eaten roasted or boiled, so Gal. and Diosc. Marcel. Virg. Seren. and Plin. So the powder, so Alex. Tral. and Port. They discussing their flatulency by garrulity. Note, They are fattest in the winter, having ratified bodies, and the winter hindering perspiration. Schrod. The heart applied to the thigh helps the colic. The fresh blood drunk in vinegar helps the stone. As for the description it is useless. Jonst. They build with dry herbs on the ground, and breed thrice in a year. Their disease, is the epilepsy.    

M.  

Moorehen. Gallina corylorum.  

P About rivers, pools, and marshes.  
M. Of grain, but their diet is not much observed.  
N. Gallina vitium. Bonasa. Orix.   
MOorehen. Ornithol. T. Some count it a noble meat, and the best of all wild foul, and say there are three colours in the flesh. Albert. It's black without; but white within; tender, and of a very pleasant taste. Auth. de nat. rer. Mundel. In the goodness of the juice it may be compared to the Partridge. V Stumpf. The flesh is good against the epilepsy. The ventricle helps the asthma in horses. So Jonston.    

N.  

Nightingale. Luscinia.  

P. In woods, almost every where, in England, etc.  
M. Of worms, aunts, eggs and bread.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Acredula. Alice Daulia.   
Nightingale. Aldrov. T. The flesh is sweet and wholesome. V It causeth watchfulness. Kiran. The gall with honey cleareth the eyes. Alex. Ben. The flesh eaten helps the cachexy. The description is needless. Jonst. They breed in May. Their voice is known. They hate the Viper and Hawk, and are docible.    

O.  

Ostrich. Struthiocamelus.  

P. In Africa, Lybia, Aethiopia, and Arabia, etc.  
M. Almost of any thing.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Avis Lybica.   
OStrich. Gal. T. V The ventricle taken in the quantity of two spoon fulls with wine, helps the flux, if there be no fever; but else with water. Kiran. The stone taken out thereof, and hanged about the neck helps concoction. R. Mos. the inward tunicle helps the stone. Avic. The flesh is hot and fat, causeth appetite, strengthens the body, and causeth coiture; for it is of very hard concoction, much superfluity, grosler and harder, than any flesh. The fat is more efficacious than that of the Goose. With the diacinnabar plaster it helps hard swell: And is used against arthritick pain. Hermol. The urine takes out the spots of ink. Kiran. The eggs help the gout. Schrod. The fat helps the nervous parts, and softens the spleen. Jonst. They generate as the Camel.   

Owl. Noctua.  

P. In England, France, Germany, and other places.  
M. Of wasps, bees, lizards, and mice.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Kos. Nyctimene.   
Owl. Aldrov. T. The flesh is little used in meat, and if so, by the poorer sort of people, wanting better victuals. R. Mos. Yet if young it's of good savour; But Rhasis saith its cold, dry and gross. V Some commend the blood against the orthopnoea. Aet. It's a psilothron after evulsion. The flesh helps those that are paralytic. R. Mos. As also those that are melancholic, and troubled in mind. The brain eaten helps the headache: The same as also the liver infused in oil, and put into the ear, helps its impostumes. Rhas'. That of the male helps the nyctilops. Plin. It helps the quinsey. Schrod. The gall helps the spots of the eyes, and the fat quickens them.    

P.  

Partridge. Perdix.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of snails, chickweed, corn, and aunts.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Kore.   
Partridge. Muff. T. The flesh is temperately hot; but inclineth to dryness, 20. The old, are as bad as old beef. When young and tender they agree well with cold, weak, waterish and pale bodies, drying up a moist stomach, strengthening the retentive power, easily turning into pure blood, fattening the body, and increasing lust. Gal. They must not be eaten when newly killed, but hang a while in the cold air. Their wings & breasts are best, as also of all birds that trust to flight, except the Woodcock. The best are the young, and fat, killed by the Hawk after a long flight. Their broth is good for a weak stomach, for the jaundice, and a tainted liver. The panado thereof with Capon broth, marrow, eggs and bread, is very nourishing eaten first in the morning, or with chines of mutton. They stop fluxes roasted, and are best at the end of harvest, before they have trod or laid. Gal. The flesh is of a middle nature, neither too thick nor too gross. The old are cold, dry, binding, and resist putrefaction. Avic. The eggs strengthen the heart, are temperate, quickly turned into blood, leave little excrement, and generate clear and thin blood; but Elluchases counteth them more subtle and of less nourishment than those of Hens. They are better boiled, than fried. V Aret. The flesh helps those that are elephantiack. Cardan. Roasted it helps the french pocks. Being boiled with quinces, eaten, and the broth drunk with styptic wine, it helps the coeliack and stomachick persons. Taken alone it bindeth the body, drieth up the humidity of the stomach, and resisteth putrefaction. Some use the pulp to restore the decay of strength in sick persons, though it's not now much used. Plin. The broth helps the stomach, Seren. also the pain of the liver, Plin. and the iliack passion and jaundice. Sym. Seth. So the marrow, with wine, so Sext. and Constant. Plin. The powder of the ventricle drunk in black wine helps the iliack passion. Sym. Seth. Hal. The liver dried and drunk helps the epilepsy. Plin. The blood helps suffusions of the eyes. Diosc. The gall is one of the chiefest, Gal. and helps the dimness of the sight, and suffusions, so Aet. Donat. ab Altomar. So with honey and the juice of fennel. Or with opobalsamum. Kiran. The gall used to the temples once in a month strengthens the memory. Myreps. It being dropped in warm, helps the want of hearing: The fume of the feathers smelled to, helps the strangling of the womb: Orinthol lib. Germ. And the apoplexy with wild cumin, and white frankincense. Plin. The eggs make fruitful, cause milk, and help the eyes. Schrod. Crat. The liver is an antidote against fevers, being taken often in yarrow water. The fume of the feathers helps the colic and other pains. Applied with mints and southernwood in a sacculus it helps the pains of the belly. As for the description it's needless. Jonst. They are very libidinous: in so much that the males, ejaculat sperm, only hearing the noise of the female, and seem to copulate with their own image in a looking glass, therefore they use to break the eggs of their mates. The females also are no less salacious. They fight often, and make their nests in bushes. They lay 10 or 15 eggs, and sit twice in a year; the young, run abroad drawing their shells after them, and seek their meat. They live 15 or 16 years. Thy fly low, and not fare. Their call is known. When the fowler cometh near, they run like young ones, and lead them from their nests, and teach the young to squat, when, they hear their note.   

Peacock. Pavo.  

P. In Asia, Suecia, England, and other countries.  
M. Of corn: chiefly barley, herbs, and serpents.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Pavus. Avis Medica, & Junonis.   
Peacock. Marcel. Ficin. T. The flesh is in a middle nature, betwixt that which is moist and dry. Gal. It's of most hard concoction. Some count it hot and moist. Aldrov. Cardan. But it's rather cold and dry: for that which is hot and moist, presently putrefieth; but this lasteth long so D. Augustin. It being melancholic, gross and fat: therefore it yields strong aliment, and is hardly concocted. H. It is naught for those that are hepatick, splenetic, or troubled with the hemorrhoids. The eggs are much of the temper of the flesh, which is nidorulent, hard, fibrous, and so, bad; yet not of an unpleasant taste. Muff. The young are very good meat, of a pleasant and strange taste, and good nourishment; Aldrov. V The broth if fat, is commended against the pleuresy: And the tongue against the epilepsy. Sym. Seth. The fat with the juice of rue and honey helps the colic of cold humours: Also the powder of the bones applied with vinegar helps the leprosy and morphew. Gesn. The fume of the feathers helps blear and red eyes. The dung helps the eyes, and heat of the gout. Sext. Kiran. Drunk, it helps the epilepsy. Schrod. Querc. Pharm. Rest. The fume of the feathers helps the rising of the womb. The eggs help the running gout. The D. of the dung is drach 1. The description is needless. Jonst. The males are salacious, requiring five hens, etc. or else break the eggs. They copulate from February to March. They live twenty or thirty years, and they fly little. Their voice is known. They carry their tails out of the dirt, and spread them chief against the sun. Their diseases are the toothache, and falling off of the feathers, at which time they hid themselves. When they cry much in the night, they foretell rain.   

Pheasant. Phasianus.  

P. In Media, England, France, and other places.  
M. Of Corn, seeds and berries, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Piseon, Munster.   
Pheasant. Gal. T. The juice of the flesh is neither thin nor gross: as for nutriment and concoction, it's like that of a Hen. Sym. Seth. It's of good juice, and engendereth good and laudable blood. Some prefer it before the Partridge, others count it in the midst betwixt that and the Capon; but Averro prefers it before that of any foul; yet Isaac, maketh them inferior to the Partridge, also Elluchases counteth them less subtle and temperate: some say it nourisheth more; but is less strengthening and restorative: And Aldrovand prefers it before the forementioned flesh's, it being of a good taste, and so more greedily received by the stomach, also it is quickly concocted, and yields little excrement. The eggs are next to those of Hens. Muff. They are best in winter, and when young, & they are fittest for weak stomaches. The flesh is good after recovery in hectic fevers. V Alex. Tral. The decoction helps those that are purulent, being cleansing and loosening. Leonel. Fav. The flesh is used in remedies against the Phthisis. Villain. It's an antidote against the virulency of the marrow of a Ram. Kiran. The blood resists all poison. Aeg. The fat is used in the plaster diapyranu, the same helps the tetanoes, and passion of the matrix. The gall sharpens the sight. The dung drunk, causeth erection. Gal. The fat helps the affections of the reins. As for the description, it may be omitted. Jonst. They copulate in March and April. One Cock serveth two Hens. They lay twenty eggs. They sit once in a year, and hatch in thirty days. They roll themselves in the dust, that they may kill their louse: And they love their own images.   

Pigeon. Columba.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of corn, cumin, and other seeds.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Jonah. Arab. Chamamah.   
Pigeon. Aldrovand. T. The old are of hard aliment, and not to be used, because of their excessive heat and dryness. Gal. They are of a middle juice, and the young, of a subtle chime. Ruffus placeth them in the second order of laudable birds. Sym. Seth. They are excrementitious. Gal. the flesh is good for languishing persons. Aver. The young are hot and moist, and of gross juice, as may be conceived from their gravity in motion, and celerity of concoction. Aet. The flesh is used in the cold, and phlegmatic colic: Aret. And the cephalaea. Hipp. It helps the hepatick grief. Florent. The young are good after diseases. H. they cause inflammations and fevers: Sym. Seth. They hurt the head and eyes, and cause the leprosy, if too much used; Rhaf. and the quinsey, therefore Avicen and Rhasis grant the flesh to the cold and moist, etc. the young, are more temperate. The tame are best boiled, but the wild when roasted. Avic. The eggs are very hot, and of a bad taste. Muff. Pigeons are very hot and dry when old; but hot and moist when young, and the wilder sort is most wholesome after flight, their foggy moisture being lessened by exercise, and are best when bleeding to death under the wing, the same roasted cause great store of blood, increase heat in weak persons, cleanse the kidneys, and quickly restore decayed spirits, especially in phlegmatic and old persons, for whom they are most proper; yet some use them in agues, so killed. V Aristot. the flesh is most hot. Aldrovand. It is of harder concoction, than chickens, and generateth melancholic juice, and is excrementitious also. Being often eaten it preventeth the plague. It helpeth the epilepsy and palsy, relaxation of the legs, trembling, and want of sense. Cardan. The broth helps those that are cold. Amat. Lus. The parts after dissection applied presently, to the head, help those that are melancholic or foolish. Sex. Empyr. Villanov. and help all venomous wounds; so chickens: The same help the pain of the reins, and corrupted blood. Some commend Wild Pigeons against the gout. The flesh helps the tenesmus. The brain causeth venery: so the testicles. The blood stoppeth bleeding at the nostrils, Gal. and helps stripes of the eyes, so the diasmyrnon of Democrates. Avic. The blood helps the gout. Alex. Ben. The fat helps the dysury: So the ashes of the feathers with nettles. The eggs help the rhagades, and hemorrhoids. Diosc. The same help against Ceruse, being given with frankincense and the decoction of barley. Plin. The yolks cause venery. The dung is most hot; Therefore Galen used it in phoenigms, against inveterate cold diseases. Fernel. It's very hot, attracting rubifacient with barley meal, and discutient with vinegar. Being stamped with the seed of cresses it helps old pains of the hips, neck, loins, gout, and joint aches. Aesculap. It easeth all griefs, and drieth up humours. Gal. It helps old pains of the head, as the hemicrania, and cephalaea, also it's used in pains of the ears. Marcel. Stamped with barley meal, lard, the white of an egg, and boiled, it helps the pains of the reins. With barley meal and vinegar it helps all tumors. Diosc. Plin. etc. It helps carbuncles, some add honey and oil, Marcel. and swell behind the ears. The same openeth botches. Oribas. It whiteneth cicatrices, being mixed with frankincense, soap, fullers earth, or vinegar. Plin. So with honey, and the morphew. Marcel. And all cicatrices with vinegar. Plin. The same helps corns. Furner. The distilled liquor thereof with other things, is cosmetick. Aesculap. It helps ringworms. Hipp. It helps the baldness of Women. Marcel. It helps the alopecia, Myrepsus also useth the same. Plin. The ashes with oil help burn, and discuss hard swell with barley, and dry up humours: with vinegar it helps fistulas of the eyes and white spots, Galen addeth frankincense unto it: And useth it with salt and oil to discuss defluxions of the knees. Villanov. Applied it helps venomous bitings, Tarentin. and the wounds of the Forke-fish. The parts dissected and applied to the fore part of the head, help the apoplexy. The dung with Crow's eggs helps the epilepsy from black choler, applied to the spleen; using leeches before it: it attracting the matter from the head to the spleen, and so causing an ague, especially in Autumn. Myreps. Applied it helps the inflammations of the tonsils: Plin. So with dry figs and nitre. Aret. The fine powder causeth suppuration in the quinsey: Gal. So with honey: Plin. Also with wine and oil it helps the same. Gal. Applied it helps the coeliack passion: Plin. So drunk, which some affirm concerning the colic. Avic. So used in clysters. Plin. Applied with honey it helps the iliaca passio. Gal. It helps old pains of the loins, and those of the joints. Galen useth it with other things against the dropsy. And Myrepsus in plasters, as also against the spleen and cachexy. Marian. Sanct. Barolitan. The powder helps the stone: So made into an Electuary with that of Mice, and honey etc. So the water. Gesn. or vinegar in which it hath been infused. The fume with castor, myrrh and opopanax, brings out the dead birth. It helps the hemorrhoids. The dung of Hens is counted by some much less effectual; but of the same nature, so Diosc. the ashes with honey and arsenic consume dead flesh, and help all ulcers of the feet. With vinegar it helps the hemorrhoids. Schrod. The body dissected and applied, mitigateth the fierceness of humours, and discusseth melancholic sadness, used to the head; it's good therefore in the frenzy, cephalalgy, and gout. The warm blood helps pains of the eyes, suffusions, and the gout. The powder of the tunicle of the stomach helps the dysentery. The dung burneth and discusseth, therefore it's used in vesicatories, and rubifacient remedies against the gout, hemicrania, cephalaea, vertigo, and old pains in the sides, shoulders, neck, and loins; as also in the colic, apoplexy, and lethargy etc. It's given against the stone, from scrup. 1 to 2. Jonst. That of those that live on Mountains is strongest. Their description is needless. They kiss before generation. They hatch two young-ones, and sit both. They drink like beasts, and are troubled with fleas.   

Pye. Pica.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and Holland, etc.  
M. They are amongst the Pamphaga.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Raham.   
Pye. Rhas. T. the flesh is too hot, and abominable; yet the young Ones are eaten by poor people. Demet. Constantinop. But it's good for Hawks. V Aldrov. They are of a very hot temper, as may appear by their salacity: later writers commend them being boiled and eaten, as helping the visory spirits, and the asperity, obscurity, redness, and pain of the eyes: Gordon. So the powder, or any way used. riff. So the liquor used with a linen cloth, & the holy fire. The powder of the eggs helps white spots in the eyes. Some use the parts dissected to weak joints, others against the nyctilops, cardiack passion, melancholy of a cold cause, and canker in the yard. Kiran. The heart with ivy helps the dysury. Schrod. The powder helps the Epilepsy, so the water.    

Q.  

Quail. Coturnix.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and Holland, etc.  
M. Of Millet, Wheat, and other Fruits.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Schelau. Arab. Salui. Currelius.   
QUaile. Aldrov. T. the flesh being eaten often and largely of, they generate, gross, pituitous and viscid humours, fit for the generating of Epilepsies, & spasmes, etc. But if eaten moderately, it begets good blood; but such as is apt to putrify, if very fat. They are most wholesome and best tasted when roasted. Manard. Muff. In the spring and summer they cause melancholy, in Autumn and winter they are too moist: they are of small nourishment, causing loathing of meat, and corruption thereof: Muff. Yet when young they are counted a good and dainty diet. V The brain with the myrtle ointment used to the face helps the Epilepsy. Kiran. The eggs drunk cause lust. Kuefn. So the fat with hellebore. Aetius useth it in pessaries to cause conception. Gesn. With myrrh, white vitriol, and honey, it helps the eyes. Schrod. The dung helps the Epilepsy or falling sickness. The description is needless. Jonst. They are salacious like the Partridge, and breed 4 times in a year. They fly but little; but run fast, their voice is known. They love not the Pelican. Their chief disease, is the Epilepsy.    

R.  

Ring-dove. Palumbus.  

P. Almost every where, in England, etc.  
M. Of Beanes, and Acorns, and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Arab. Guarascen.   
RIng-dove. Muff. T. the flesh is good when young, of very good taste and nourishment. Aldrov. Yet some count it excrementitious. V Hipp. The flesh is good for Women that have pituitous menses, it drying and binding the belly: Gal. It's harder than that of Pigeons. Note here, the flesh of Birds is less nutrient, than that of beasts; but more easily concocted, especially that of the Partridge, Heathcock, Pigeon, Hen and Cock; but that of the Turtle, Ring-dove, and Duck, is harder, Paul. C. The first place amongst Birds is due to the young Pigeon, Heathcock, Hen, and Pheasant: the second to Thrushes, Blackbirds and Sparrows: the third to Ringdoves and the Duck: the fourth to the Peacock, and the last to the Goose and Ostrich. Mart. The flesh eaten hindereth venery. Archig. It helps those that are stomachick, Tral. Also the tympany, Aret. And Elephantiasis, and cold and phlegmatic colic. Alex. Ben. It's good in the time of pestilence. Hipp. It helps those that have lately conceived, and the laxity of the womb, as also the lientery. Bapt. Port. The eyes help cicatrices and ulcers of the eyes. Plin. The flesh boiled with vinegar helps the dysentery and coeliack, Tormina, and contractions of the nerves. The blood is like that of Pigeons, and helps the gout. The dung operats as that of Pigeons, and provokes urine. Schrod. So the ashes of the feathers, and help the jaundice. As for their description, they are sufficiently known. Jonst. They generate after 3. months old, after the manner of Pigeons. They build in trees, and lay twice in a year, 3 eggs at a time. They live 30 years. Their noise is like groaning. They are simple and hate adultery.    

S.  

Sparrow. Passer.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of Corn, Seeds, and Flies, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Passerculus, the Hedg-sparrow, Troglodytes.   
SParrow. Plat. T. the flesh is to be condemned in meat, not nourishing well, by reason of its too much heat, difficulty of concoction, and salacity: some count it hot and dry 3°. Gal. It's harder than that of Partridges. Elluch. It bindeth, especially if lean; but the broth looseneth the belly, it's not good for temperate Bodies. Muff. It engendereth hot and aguish blood. The best are the youngest, fattest, and wildest. The Red, and Hedg-Sparrows are unwholesome. V Aldrov. H. they are naught in fevers; yet they may be used in quartans of natural melancholy: being eaten when fat, they make salacious. So Plin. and Marcel. Especially the eggs and brains, so R. Mos. Bapt. Port. Avic. Hal. etc. Some therefore preserve them with honey. The flesh is good against the Epilepsy, consuming humours by its siccity and heat. Trall. It helps the tympany: Gal. As also the stone in the reins, and vices of the joints. Myrepsus useth the fat in his plaster against hard swell. Rhas'. The gall applied causeth venery. Plin. The dung put into the next ear with warm oil, helps the toothache. Archig. The powder thereof drunk helps the laxation and nausiousnesse of the stomach. Kiran. And causeth falacity drunk with wine; and applied with lard it helps the Alopecia, and breaketh carbuncles. Some use the dung in remedies against the worms, in Hawks. That of the Hedge sparrow cleanseth the face, and extirpats varices, applied with man's spittle. Plin. The ashes of the flesh drunk with mulse water, help the jaundice, two spoonfuls being taken; those of the young Ones with vinegar help the toothache, Schrod. The Hedge sparrow breaketh and expelleth the stone. A few grains of the dung of the other loosen the belly in Children. As for the description, it's useless. Jonst. As for their generation, they are most salacious, copulating 20 times in an hour. They build under the tiles of houses, or in holes in the wall, they live 3 or 4 years. They are very fearful. They hate the Vulture and Weasel, etc.   

Stare. Sturnus.  

P. Almost every where, in all Countries.  
M. Of Berries, Grapes, and almost any thing.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Sarsir. Arab. Alzarazir.   
State. Aldrov. T. Some count the flesh hard, not yielding to the stomach, with a kind of a virouse odour, especially in the time of hemlock: Platina refuseth the use of it; yet Galen, reckons it amongst meats of good juice, when young and feeding on Mountains. They are best in Autumn; so Jul. Alex. Cardan. They are to be dressed without their heads. Aver. They are hot and dry, Muff. Yet savoury, and good against all poison, so Kiran. V Aldrovand. The dung is cosmetick: Aeg. It helps the Morphew: also it helps Ringworms; so Gal. Diosc. Serap. Porta, as appears by its spots. It is abstersive and drying: So that of the Crocodile; but it's more effectual. Kiran. The flesh helps those that have drunk poison; Arnold. But hurts the Hemorrhoids. Jonst. They build almost like Sparrows, fly together in a round circle, and chiefly in the evening. They fear Hawks.   

Storke. Ciconia.  

P. In Egypt and Aethiopia, and other places.  
M. Of Frogs, Snakes, and Fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Chasidu. Arab. Zakid.   
Storke. Aldrov. T. the flesh is almost like that of the Crane, their flesh is fibrous, hard, and of bad aliment, especially the old, without spices. etc. Muff. The flesh is rather to be used as physic, than food, by reason of their evil feeding. V Kiran. The flesh is counted good for the nerves and joints, helping all the passions thereof, either roasted or boiled. Plin. Marcel. Also it prevents lippitude. Kiran. The ashes of the young Ones help the spots, Epiphora, and roughness of the eyes. Leonel. Fav. The oil helps the palsy, like that of vipers; so the distilled liquor, after the use of the decoction of Crabs, it extending the nerves. Furnerus useth it with Camphire and the best Amber, to beautify the face. Trall. The nerves with those of the wild Ass and Boar, help the fistulas of the feet, and pains thereof. Plin. The ventricle helps against all poisons; so the brain, with wine and spikenard. Blond. The powder of the ventricle with water, helps the pestilence of Dogs. Plin. Boiled in wine it helps felons. Kiran. The intestines taken in meat help the colic and nephritick possion: the gall helps the sight. Diosc. The dung drunk in water helps the falling sickness. Aeg. And the Orthopnoea. Aetius useth it in plasters against the gout, with axunge, so Myrepsus, & Marcellus, Kiranides addeth the leaves of henbane, and wild lettuce: also the eggs with wine, black the hair, the forehead and eyes being covered with meal, applying oil omphacine with Boars grease after it. Aet. Apollon. The feathers cause sneezing. Schrod. The flesh is alexipharmick, and yields an antepileptick water. Jonst. They build in the tops of trees. They fly not when the south wind bloweth, they sleep standing upon one foot, laying the head upon the other shoulder. They are Enemies to the Quail, Eagle, Diver, and Bats.   

Swallow. Hirundo.  

P. Almost every where, in all Countries.  
M. Of most kinds of infects.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Agur. Arab. Chatas.   
Swallow. Aldrov. T. The flesh is eaten by some poor people: their aliment is hot and hurtful, therefore they are to be used physically. V Plin. The Wild are better than the Tame. Magicians used them against quartan agues, so the heart or dung drunk in Sheep's milk. Marcel. So the stones found in their ventricles. Plin. Some wear the head in a linen cloth against pains of the head, Marcel. So the fore mentioned stones. Gal. or the dung applied to the forehead with vinegar. Jac. Olivar. Hieron. Montu. The heart helps the memory, taken with Cinnamon, amomum, and aloephangin pills: Vrfin: and whet the wit. Sext. Kiran. The flesh often eaten helps the Epilepsy: Plin. Sext. So the blood with frankincense: Myrepsus useth the fume thereof, so the ashes with those of a Weasel, so Seren. and Plin. Gesn. So with Castoreum and strong vinegar: or the destilled water. Sext. Diosc. or the stone worn about the arm, so Plin. and Tral. Plin. Seren. or that found in their nests. Plin. The ashes of the young Ones, with the milk of spurge and froth of snails, prevent hairs in the eyebrows; after evulsion. The blood is a Psilothron. Gal. The dung with Bull's gall maketh the hairs white. Oribas. The same with water helps black cicatrices; but makes them black with Bull's gall. Marcel. So digested with vinegar, anointing the face with Heart's suet, and having oil in the mouth. Kiran. So the eggs. Marcel. The flesh of the young ones eaten often, roasted, or boiled, helps dim eyes. Plin. So the ashes applied with cretick honey. Sext. The same helps their pains, and lippitude, so Diosc. Sext. or the gall and blood, Marcel. It helps the stripes and suffusions of the same, so Cells. The stones in their ventricles expel things fallen into the eyes. The brain with honey helps suffusions. Kiran. The eyes of a Swallow used to the forehead help the Ophthalmia, and all rigours of fevers. Albert. The dung helps white spots in the eyes, but it's sharp, digesting, and burning. Gal. the ashes of the flesh with honey help the putrefaction and crusts of the bones. Aesculap. The heart helps diseases of the jaws. Myreps. The nest helps inflammations of the tonsils. So Gal. With vinegar; for that of the wild is discutient. The ashes of Swallows with honey, help all affections about the jaws, and swell of the uvula or tonsils, so Marcel. Diosc. and Pliny. Kiran. The same helps ulcers in the throat and tongue, as also all that spread, and gangrenes. Archig. The young ones roasted and eaten, prevent suffocation, and inflammations of the tonsils. Diosc. Drach. 1. Of the powder drunk in water, helps the quinsey, so Avic. and Cells. Marcel. So the broth thereof. Kiran. Or the earth of the nest applied with water; so the plaster thereof, so Amat. Lus. Aet. The nest with honey helps the Erysipelas of the face. Some use the powder against the quinsey, either drunk or taken by a reed. Avic. The ashes used to the  help the quinsey. The dung is discutient: some use the ashes of the flesh, with Saffron, Indiannarde, and honey: others with myrrh and the juice of myrtles. Leonel. Faventinus useth it with Album graecum, and others apply it with the nest. Plin. The ashes help the eyes. Kiran. With melicrate it helps hoarseness also. The stones of the ventricle worn, help those that are hepatick: Gal. Those of the nests help the cough. Marcel. The dung taken helps the colic: Myresp. As also the difficulty of urine with other remedies, and the stone. Kiran. The flesh eaten facilitats the birth. The dung drunk helps white flows. Sext. Constant. The ashes with honey or mulse help ulcers of the tongue and lips, the same help old ulcers. Trall. The blood helps the gout. The decoction helps the biting of a mad Dog. So the nest, and that of vipers. The flesh helps drunkenness. Schrod. The dung looseneth. As for the description, it's needless. They generate not like other birds, & twice in a year, laying 5 eggs at a time, with duskish specks, and the young are blind, at the first. Their noise is known, they sing early in the morning, flying abroad; but seldom go, by reason of the weakness and shortness of their legs. They foretell rain, when they fly about lakes and water, or near the ground. They have scarce friends or enemies, unto them.   

Swan. Cygnus.  

P. Almost every where, and is an amphibion.  
M. Of Grass, Graine, and Fish spawn, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Olor. Heb. Racham. Arab. Rakam.   
Swan. Albert. T. The flesh is black and hard, as also that of all aquatic foul that have great Bodies: Aldrov. But they are counted unfit for the table upon a twofold account, sc. because they live in the water, so the flesh is excrementitious; as also being greater than Ducks or Geese, & so are of more hard concoction; yet the young are sometimes used in banquets: Muff. But naturally they are unwholesome. Note, all flesh the blacker it is, the heavier it is, and the whiter the lighter; the more red, the more inclining to heaviness; the less red, the more light and easy of digestion. The flesh of the wild also, is black, melancholic, and hard of digestion, though not so hard as the tame, by reason of his much flying. V Aet. The tender young boiled in oil are a very good remedy for the nerves; but the fat is oftener used, Plin. It purgeth and erugates the face, Seren. And helps the Morphew: the same helps the vices of the fundament, mollifieth the hardness of the womb and helps the Hemorrhoids, it's of the same nature as that of Geese. Seren. The eggs help the holy fire. The skin dressed with the down helps concoction, used to the breast. Schrod. And helps the colic. The fat mollifieth and attenuats. The description may be omitted, Jonst. Before the time of pleasure, they bend their necks together, and after they often cleanse themselves in the water. They bring forth in the spring. They swim slowly by reason of the weight of their bodies. Their voice is known, they fly in a cuneons figure. Some affirm they live 200 years. They sometimes so fight, that they kill one an other, and spoil their eggs. They are enemies to Serpents. They foretell fair weather, when they thrust their necks deep into the water.    

T.  

Thrush. Turdus.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of Hawes, Sloes, Misleberries, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cichla. Alchamari Sylvat.   
THrush. Gal. T. The flesh is of of laudable nourishment, of neither thick or thin juice. Bapt. Fire. It's hotter than that of the Blackbird, and preferred by many. Muff. When young they are wholesome. Aldrov. The flesh roasted with myrtle Berries, helps the flux of the belly, Plin. And the dysentery, and urine. Alex. Ben. Steeped in vinger they help the plague. Their description is needless. Jonst. They build in the tops of bushes: Their voice is sufficiently known.   

Turkey. Meleagris.  

P. In Boeotia. Arabia. England, and other places.  
M. Of Grain, and other things.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Gallina Africana, & Numidica.   
Turkey. Aldrov. T. The flesh is very pleasant and dainty, yielding much and lasting aliment, if well concocted. Muff. They are best after hung up 24. hours in their feathers, and when young, the flesh recovereth strength, nourisheth plentifully, kindleth lust, & agreeth with every temper & complexion, except too hot, or troubled with rheums and gouts. It becometh of more speedy digestion, If stuck with cloves, and well roasted.   

Turtledove. Turtur.  

P. In Aethiopia, Peru, and other places.  
M. Of Fruits, Olives, Milium, and Accorns.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Tor. Arab. Saphnina.   
Turtle. Aldrov. T. The flesh is very acceptable. They are more hot and dry than Quails; But not of gross or thin juice, especially when young, and are called wise men's meat. Muff. Avic. The flesh is of good nourishment, easily digested, quickening the wit and memory, increasing sperm, and strengthening both the stomach, and intestines; but Isaac understandeth this of the young ones. V Aldrov. Some commend the flesh in the time of pestilence: Archig. It helps the stomach. Tral. As also the colic, tympany, and nephritick passion. It helps the dysentery, especially the blood. Avic. Used warm it helps the pains of the ears. Plin. The dung extenuats white spots in the eyes, Kiranides useth it with honey, so Marcel. Boiled in mulse, and applied as a cerot, it helps the belly and reins. Myreps. Drach. 1. Thereof drunk with honey helps those that cannot make water. Gal. And the stone with mulse. Plin. So the broth. Durantes useth it to facilitate the birth. Georg. Pictor. The flesh roasted helps the flux of the belly. Mizaldus useth the heart against venery. Schrod. The Turtle agreeth with the Pigeon. It helps the flux of the menses, the ashes or extract being used. Forrest. The fat is used to the belly, reins, groin, and breast, etc. Some count them good against the Gout. They are like Pigeons; but lesser. Jonst. They generate like the Ringdoves, and bring forth twice in a year, after a quarter of a year old: they both sit on the eggs, & they build in trees. They live 8 years, make a groaning noise, fly & run swiftly, & love the Parrot, Blackbird & Peacock, but not the Crow. They love not second Wedlocks.    

V  

Vulture. Vultur.  

P. In Crete, Arabia, and other places.  
M. Of dead Bodies, and Birds.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Ajah. Arab. Rachame.   
VUlture. Aet. T. V the flesh is used with other things, against the Elephantiasis, abscesses, botches, swell of the Body, steatoms, the felon, bronchocele, and all malignant rise in any part of the Body, as also the gout and convulsion. Gal. The brain used to the head and temples helps the headache. Aret. Being eaten it helps the Epilepsy. Kiran. Used to the belly it causeth sterility. Albert. The stone Quandros is found therein, the virtues of which, see in my Pammineralogie. Pliny useth the lungs to cause venery, and stop bleeding with other things. Anon. It, as also the heart helps the Epilepsy. Plin. So the liver drunk with the blood, Sext. Aesculap. Being used seven days. Seren. It helps the pain of the liver: and is a prophy lactik against the bitings of Serpents. Plin. The ventricle helps the nerves. Seren. The gall helps the eyes and cleanseth the same, as also the falling sickness. Marcellus and Pliny, add honey: And Galen addeth the juice of horehound. Marcel. The reins stamped with honey and applied, help the tonsils. Diosc. The fume of the dung bringeth forth the Foetus. Sext. So the feathers, Plin. And drive away Serpents. Kiran. The same helps the Lethargy, suffocation of the womb, and frenzy. Rhas'. The fat hath a dissolving faculty. Plin. With the belly dried, and lard, it helps the pains of the nerves and nodes: Marcel. As also the gout with the gall and honey. The ashes of the bones help all ulcers, Kiran. And pains with wine: some use those of the head against the headache and dimness of sight. Rhas'. The leg helps excoriations of the legs. Alex. Ben. The skin helps concoction. Levin. Levin. The same helps nauseousness, stops fluxes, & helps levity of the intestines, strengthening the natural faculties. Tral. The nerves help the gout. Plin. The blood helps the Leprosy. Schrod. The flesh helps the head. Jonst. They are like Eagles. Their bills are crooked, the neck without feathers, the throat large. The legs feathered, and the claws crooked. When they want meat for their young Ones, they wound themselves, that they may drink their blood. They live an 100 years. They look towards the Sun setting in the morning, & towards the rising at night. They will smell dead carcases many miles. They fly slowly, by reason of the greatness of their Bodies, and together. They shun cold, follow armies, and hate sweet things. Their diseases are obstructions of the liver, and louse.    

W.  

Woodcock. Gallinago.  

P. Almost every where in Hedges, and Bushes, in the winter.  
M. Of Worms, and the Like food.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Perdix rustica. Gallinella.   
Woodcock. Anton. Gaz. Pat. T. They are of the nature and temperament of Partridges; so Savon. They are better also in the Winter, than in the Summer, they being then fattest. So Villanov. Gesn. V The ashes of the flesh, being burned in an earthen pot, help the stone. They are taken by nets, in Cock shoots.   

Brids less used in meat or Medicine.  
CAstrel. Tinnunculus. Aldrov. T. V Plin. The dung helps white spots in the eyes.  
Clotbird. Coccothraustes. Aldrov. T. The flesh is used in meat, it's sweet, grateful, and not disaproved of. They feed upon Olives and Berries; but chiefly on Cherries and their Kernels:  
Curines. Arquatae Ornithol. (i. e.) Gesn. They are preferred before Hens: the flesh is solid, dry, and almost like that of hares. Bell. It's like that of Dear; but it's a dainty in France. Bell. They live on Worms.  
Feldefare. Turdus exoticus. T. V Muff. They feed like Thrushes, and give (almost) as good nourishment. Yea better, when juniper Berries are ripe, all their flesh being then perfumed therewith.  
Goldfinch. Carduelis. T. V Platin. The flesh if fat, and before breeding is of good aliment; but Wecker disaproveth of it; yet Kiranides useth it roasted, against the Iliack and colic passion.  
Godwit. Fedoa. Muff. T. When fat it's a light and fine meat, they are a fenny fowl, and live of Worms, about River banks: they are plentiful in Lincolnshire.  
Gluts. Muff. Glottides. T. V They are of no bad taste or evil nourishment. They feed in the fens upon red feeds, bents and worms.  
Owlet. Vlula. Aldrov. T. V the flesh being boiled in oil, with Sheep's butter and honey, helpeth ulcers. The gall helps white spots in the eyes, suffusions, and the dimness of fight; Plin. So the fat.  
Hickwal, Jynx. Hieron. Trag. T. The flesh is eaten, and of no unplesant taste.  
Jay. Gracculus. Albert. T. the flesh is eaten after excoriation: They are eaten by the rustics, in France, yet Aldrovand, saith little of the taste of the flesh. Muff. It's of bad nourishment, causing the Epilepsy: they feed upon mast, and worms, etc.  
Jack Daw. Monedula, Muff. T. The nourishment is as bad as their conditions, their feeding is sufficiently known.  
Ibis. Albert. T. The flesh and eggs are venomous: Kiran. But they rather drive away Serpents. Plin. The ashes of the flesh drunk, help the tormina. The feathers resist Serpents. The dung is a substitute for the leaves of the wild Figtree.  
Lapwing. Vannellus. Aldrov. T. V Some, buy, eat, and commend the flesh; yet Rhasis counts the same anstere. V Marcel. The ashes drunk with wine help the Colon: a calaplasme thereof helps the bitings of mad Dogs. Plin. The heart helps pains of the sides. The blood applied to the temples causeth in sleep to see wonderful things. The fume of the feathers expels worms. The tongue helps oblivion. The skin helps the headache. Rhas'. The eye helps the Leprosy.  
Martinet. Apos. Aldrov. T. They are not unpleasant when fat: the young ones are dear at Bononia. Plin. In wine they help the tormina.  
Mavisse. Turdela Anglicana. Muff. T. When young fat and in season, they are wholesome meat. They feed upon haws, sloes, misle and privet Berries.  
Osprey. Haliaetus. Aldrov. T. The flesh is not in much use. V Plin. The gall with attic honey, helps wefts, dimness and suffusions of the eyes; yet some attribute this to that of the common Eagle.  
Ox-eye. Parus Major. Muff. T. Their flesh is unwholesome, they feed as ordinary Titmise do, upon caterpillars, blossoms of trees, bark-worms, and flies.  
Phenicopter. Phoenicopteros. Aldrov. T. The tongue, and brain, were chiefly used in meat. The cookery may be seen in Apicius.  
Percnopter. Percnopteros. Avic. The gall with oil of violets helps the pain of the head. As an errhine, it helps flatulency in Children. The alcohol with cold water helps white spots in the eyes. The gall used outwardly helps the bitings of the Scorpion and Viper. Diosc. Serap. The fuffumigation of the dung expels the Foetus.  
Pelecan. Pelecanus. Aldrov. T. The flesh is hard, excrementitious, and of a strong nature. V Kiran. The gall mixed with nitre whiteneth black cicatrices, taking away and cleansing all the blackness: the same gall whiteneth rusty silver.  
Plover. Pluvialis. Gesn. T. The flesh is very pleasant, and better than the green Lapwing. Bellon. And much eaten in France. Muff. It's best when fat, in the wintertime.  
Parrot. Psittacus. Christ. Columb. T. The inhabitants of Grachane, count the flesh when fatted, very acceptable.  
Poole-suite. Totanus. Muff. T. They have a strong and unpleasant relish, and live wholly upon fish.  
Puffins. Pufina Brit. Muff. T. They are of ill taste, and worse digestion; how dainty soever they seem to straying appetites, and are permitted by Popes to be eaten in Lent.  
Rails. Rallae. Muff. T. Those of the Land may be placed next the Partridge, for their flesh is as sweet, as their feeding good, and are therefore preferred to noble men's tables. The water Rails are preferred in Italy before Thrushes, or Quails. They feed upon water-snailes and water-flies, and the worms breeding in the roots of reeds: they are very sweet and pleasant of taste, yielding a fine and wholesome nourishment.  
Redshanks. Erythropodes. Muff. These, as also Gluts, feed in the fens upon red seeds, bents, and worms, and are of no bad taste, or evil nourishment. Redlings or water red-shanks, feed as water Rails, and are of the like nourishment.  
Robin-red breast: Rubecula. Muff. T. Is esteemed a light and good meat: they feed upon Bees, Flies, Gnats, walnuts, Nuts, and crumbs of bread.  
Rooks. Corvi leguminales. Muff T. They cannot be ill meat, when they are young; feeding chiefly upon Corn; but their skin is tough, black, and bitter.  
Sea Pye. Picus marinus. D. Cai. T. The flesh is of a bad taste, they feed upon Spawn, Frogs, and Fry of Fish.  
Sea-mew. Larus. Aldrov. T. The flesh is lean, black, of a stinking smell, and almost abominable. V Cael. Aurel. The dry brain smelled to by infants helps the Epilepsy, so taken with mulse and vinegar by the adult. Kiran. It's of the nature of the King-fisher, and the heart facilitats Child birth. The venture dry, causeth concoction, being tasted of.  
Shovelar. Platea. Muff. T. They are not inferior to fatted Gulls, being dieted with good meat. They feed upon Shellfish.  
Smirings. Ochropodes. Muff. They are a fine and delicate meat, they live in waterish copses with worms.  
Snite. Sneppa. Albert. T. The flesh is sweet. Gesn. yet not so good as Partridge. Muff. They are of so light digestion and good in temperature, that they agree with most men's stomaches, especially a month after their first coming; they are dryer and worse at their departure, they require not so strong a stomach as the Woodcock. They live upon worms, which they get out of their holes by blowing into them.  
Stone Chatters. Arquatulae ter. Muff. T. They are of a very good taste and juice. They feed as Witwals.  
Teals and Widgins. Querquedulae. Muff. T. Commonly they are very fat and sweet of taste, much better than wild Ducks or Geese; yet suspected of ill juice by many. They feed upon worms, herbs, roots, and seeds.  
Titmouse. Parus. Aldrov. Gesn. T. They are eaten, though not very pleasant. Some say it hath the virtues of Galgulus. Schrod. The flesh helps the stone and colic.  
Wagge-taile. Motacilla. Leonel. Fav. The ashes bring forth the stone. Drach. 1. Being taken in white wine or saxifrage water. So Nic. Mas. Gesn. Villain. Auth. Lum. Ma. Alex. Ben. and Schroder.  
Witwall. Oriolus, Muff. T. The flesh is of excellent good nourishment, feeding upon all manner of good fruit.  
Wood-pecker. Merops. Aldrov. T. It's not good as meat, Rhas. Gesn. The flesh is austere and hard of concoction. V it helps inflammations. The gall with galls and oil omphacine, blacks the hair. Kiran. The heart causeth love. Being eaten it helps the cardiack, icterick and stomachick. The gall with honey and the juice of rue, helps suffusions of the eyes.  
Wren. Regulus. Muff. T. They yield no good nourishment. V Their flesh salted cureth strangulions, and the stone. They feed upon flies.  
Yellow-hammer. Galgulus. Muff. T. In the winter time being fat, they are counted, wholesome, at other times they are lean and bitter. They feed upon seeds and grain.  
Ossifrage. Gesn. Ossifragus. T. V the belly dried and drunk helps concoction. The intestine applied, helps the colic. Tral. The ashes help the Epilepsy, and stone, and provoke urine with wine. The gall helps the Leprosy. The dung dry, and drunk, helps concoction, as also the stone and dysury; so the Harp.  
Avis Daje. T. V the eggs roasted or boiled are of fat aliment; if fried, bad, and hardly concocted.  
Mayae. Jonst. T. V Are of pleasant and much nourishment.  
Hoactzin. T V The bones help pains of the body. The ashes of the feathers, help the french pocks, taken.  
Aura. Jonst. T. The flesh eaten helps the french disease; the ashes of the feathers hinder hair. The dung helps melancholy, and the flesh is sweet.  
Cozquauktli. T.U. The flesh is not much used, the feathers help ulcers, and the flesh the french pocks.  
Quetzaltototl. V The feathers are very dear.  
Picicitli. T. V Is acceptable to the stomach, so Chicuatli.  
Tomejus. T. V The powder taken helps the Epilepsy.  
Acacalotl. T. V Yields good nourishment, but thick.  
Jacacintli. T. V Is edible; but not good, so Achalalactli. and Amalozque.  
Flamenco De Laet. T. Is of good nourishment.  
Curicaca. T. The flesh is good fried with butter, so Jaribuguacu. Cariama is good: and Maguari, edible; so Guarauna & Aiaia, Cocoi and Mareca: the rest are of little use, or fabulous.     

ICHTHYOLOGIA, Of Fishes.  

A.  

Anchovae. Encrasicholus.  

P. In Provence, Sardinia, and other places.  
M. They feed about reedy banks.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Felliceps. Lycostomus.   
ANchovaes. Aldrov. T. They are of a very pleasant taste, help decayed appetites, attenuate thick phlegm, loosen the belly, and help phlegmatic agues. Muff. They are fittest for stomaches oppressed with phlegm, they cutting, ripening and digesting it, and warming the stomach exceeding well. They are of little nourishment; but very light if not over salted. They are best, dressed with oil, vinegar pepper, and dried organy, having the outward skin and ridgbone taken away, so washed in wine and laid in the dish. They are to be powdered with salt, wine-vineger and origanum, and so barreled up. Their description is needless. Jonst. Their name, they have from the bitterness of their heads, as is plain. Bell. Therefore it's to be pulled off with the gall. They are taken in the night, by the light of the ships.    

B.  

Barbel. Barbo.  

P. In rivers, as ne'er Oxford, and other places.  
M. Of reits, snails, fishes and dead bodies.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Barbus fluv. Mystus. Mustacatus.   
BArbel. Card. T. Is very base; being good neither cold or hot, boiled or roasted; so Plat. Aldrov. Yet being taken in a gravelly river, and clean, they taste well, are render, easy of concoction, and of good juice, than the flesh being white and tender, yet full of bones. Salu. They taste best in spring, Auson. and are best when biggest. Rondel. They are best boiled with their scales on. If roasted they are often to be irrorated with sharp vinegar, and oil, with a sprig of sage. If fried they are to be sprinkled with the juice of an orange Plat. H. Their eggs or spawn are poisonsome, troubling the belly & subverting the stomach, especially in May. Causing inflations, swoon, and unequal temper of body, with the choleric passion. Muff. The fish is cold, moist, hurtful to the sinews, and quencheth lust. It may be sod with vinegar, time, and savoury. Jonst. They live under high banks: and love the Scate.   

Bleye. Alburnus.  

P. In most large rivers, In England and other countries.  
M. Of worms, and flies, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Scaverdinus. Arborinus.   
Bley, or Bleak. Muff. T. They are soft fish, but never fat, fit to nourish pikes than men: in the summer time they being troubled with a worm in their stomaches, like that growing in Ox's skins, fall mad and frantic: Therefore they are counted tender, but never wholesome. Sea Bleakes are called Variatae also, changing with every light and object, like changeable silk, Muff. T. They are as sound, firm and wholesome as any Carp, therefore they are best sodden. They are called Sea Chameleons also, and are plentiful about the Southern Seas, betwixt Rye and Exeter.   

Bream. Abramis.  

P. In clayey rivers, and pools: in England, and other places.  
M. Of mud and herbs.  
N. Scardula. Cyprinus latus. Rond.   
Bream. Plat. T. Being boiled any way, they are insipid, and troublesome to eat, by reason of their bones. Gesn. Yet they are esteemed of by some. They may be broiled on a gridiron, or baked with spices, so Aldrov. Muff. Breames seem no other than flat Carp, yet they are whiter, and of finer nourishment. The Cud-breame, called Scarus ruminans, seeming to chew the cud, T. this of all other is the lightest, sweetest, and best fish of the river, fit for weak and sick persons, than such as are in health, being so fine. They are best boiled alive, with a nutmeg in their throat, in white strong vinegar and stolen ale, with salt, mints, organy, parsley, and rosemary. Bream of the Sea. Muff. T. Are of a white and solid substance, good juice, easy digestion and good nourishment.    

C.  

Carpe. Cyprinus.  

P. In rivers, ponds, and lakes in the deep.  
M. Of mud, fishes, and excrements.  
M. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Lepidotus. Bulbulus. Carpa.   
Carp. Aldrov. T. They have a soft, moist, glutinouse, and in sipid flesh. Yet differing according to their places. Those that are in rivers near towns, are of bad juice: Yet some like them because they are fat and large; but those are better that live in swift running streams, those that live in standing waters are more muddy. Albert. It's a fat, sweet, and soft fish; but not wholesome. Jou. They have a humid substance, yet harmless, abounding with an aqueous humidity, so they are neither the best or worst fishes. They are best in March, and the male is better than the female, and the white than the yellow. The spawn serveth to make red Caviar of. Muff. The middle sized is ever best, agreeing with all times, ages, and complexions. The tongue is most nourishing, the spawn heavy and unwholesome, the fish sweet, and nourishing; and is best when boiled; yet some bake them with spice, fruit, and butter, the head of which is most esteemed; as the tail of a Pike, and the belly of a Bream, for their tenderness, shortness and well relishing. Gesn. The fat helps pains in hot griefs. Kiran. The same causeth venery, and conception, being applied: The gall helps dimness of the eyes. Jou. The tongue increaseth venery. Rondel. The stone in the head helps the heat of fevers, quenching thirst, and cooling: some Affirm that being held in the mouth it stops bleeding at the nose. Schrod. It helps the colic, stone, and falling sickness; so the two stones above the eyes. Jonst. They are best when fresh, and somewhat like a Salmon or Trout.   

Cooke-fish. Merula.  

P. Amongst rocks, and in holes.  
M. Of the same, as the Thrush-fish.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Merulus, Tinca marina. Aspratilis piscis.   
Cooke-fish. Plin. T. It's mentioned amongst laudable fishes, being tender, soft, and of easy concoction: it nourishes little, and begetteth good juice. V Being sod they help such as have fevers. Tral. It's good for such as have the epilepsy, and the hepatick dysentery, of a cold cause, as also the Thrush-fish & Mullet. Plin. They help the heat of the liver. Gal. They are not only easily concocted; but very wholesome, and cause blood of a middle consistence. Salu. In white broth they help those that are sick. By those that are well they may be eaten fried with oil. Muff. They have their name, seeming to season themselves with salt and spices when sod. And their Latin name, because always alone. Jonst. They are like Tenches. They are taken by angling with Shrimps, which they hate.   

Cocks, etc. Pectines.  

P. In Normanie, in sandy places.  
M. Of little Cuttles, and other small fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Novacula, Plin. Pavo Gesn.   
Cocks, and Cokles. Scrib. Larg. T. Strengthen the stomach. Plin. They increase flesh, Muff. and lust. Being of so hot a nature, that they fly above the water like an arrow, in the summer nights. Alex. Ben. Some by too much eating of them have become fools. Their broth looseneth the body; but their substance stayeth it. Gal. They are very good meat, but bad for such as are troubled with the stone or epilepsy. They are best in May, being then fullest, lustiest, and cleanest of gravel, which they may be made to cast out by keeping them a day in brine, renewing the same. The greatest and whitest are the best, and best fried; but good also, sod in water with salt, pepper, parsley, dried mints and cinnamon, after the French fashion. The Cockles are called Pectunculi. Jonst. V They are easier of concoction than Oysters, and provoke urine. They nourish best, roasted in their shells, and help the colic. Muff. Scalopes, Pectines veneris, are of the same nature.   

Crab. Cancer.  

P. In soft and stony places, in England and other places.  
M. Of shelfishes and the polypus.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
Crab. Jonst. T. Their substance is hard, therefore they are hardly concocted; but of firm aliment; so Gal. Athen. etc. V Plin. They help the bitings of Serpents, they help carbuncles in the privities of Women, with salt. Their juice boiled in vinegar helps the strangury. Their juice with the distilled water of the flowers of blewbottles, facilitates the breeding of teeth in young children. The powder of Ranzovius helps dissections of the nerves. Schrod. Crabs refrigerate, moisten, ease pain, & fix troubled spirits: therefore they are of very good use in heat, and pain of the head and reins applied as a cataplasm. The juice helps the quinsey. Taken with the water of celondine it helps the atrophy. Applied they draw out arrows and splinters. They help S. Anthony's fire and burn. The eyes or stones, cool, dry, cleanse, discuss, break the stone, and resolve tartar and coagulated blood: therefore they are of great use in pleuresies, asthmas, and the colic, etc. the powder thereof being taken crude, or burnt and prepared: the same cleanseth the teeth. The shell is of the same virtue; and also helps the itch in children; caused by salt humours, being applied with oil of roses: it driveth away the paroxysms of intermitting fevers. They are best when new. The ashes of Crabs is drying; it helps against the biting of mad Dogs, Being taken with the root of gentian. With honey it helps the clefts of the feet and fundament, and warts thereof. The same helps the dysentery. The D. is a little spoonful for some considerable time. The water of Crabs is diuretic, lithontriptick, and dipsosbestick. That of Querc. Pharm. Rest. Helpeth inflammations, burn, and cancers; especially if impregnated with the fat. Hart. in pract. The D. of the oil of the eyes is g. four to six. Of the claws hereof, etc. is made the Gascoigns powder. Pharm. L. Crabs of the Sea. Muff. The great ones are called Paguri, and the best sort thereof Hippeis. The little sort, are called Pinnotheres, defending themselves by Oysters. These of all, are the lightest and wholesomest, next to them are the ordinary Crabs, but of harder digestion: both nourish much, and help consumptions of the lungs and spitting of blood, so Diosc. Plin. Avic. etc. Especially Ass' milk being drunk with them. They are to be sodden in water (having their vents stopped,) for such as are costive, and in wine if lose: the female having spawn are best. The greater Sea Crabs, either smooth or rough, are strong and lushish, of hard digestion, overheating and inflaming the body; but the lesser cool and moisten: the brooth of all of them consumes the stone, and helps quartans drunk every morning fasting. They are best in season at the spring and fall, as also at the full of the moon. Jonst. drach 2. of Sea Crabs drunk in nurse's milk help the strangury in children: Avic. As also quartans, the itch, weeping of the eyes, Plin. and cankers. The River Crabs, are edible at any time, but are best in summer. Avic. Being eaten with barley water they help those that are hectic. V They have the same virtues as the rest, for the most part. Their ashes help against all poisons, especially of the Scorpion, with milk, so Plin. and Diosc. Aeg. And of vipers in wine. The same helps the bitings of a mad Dog. Galen useth them with asarum to draw out water, and Hypocrates for the womb. That called Majas is dressed as the former. Their description is needless, being a round, large shellfish. They copulate by the sore part, they go thwartwise, they fight like Rams, and feed on Oysters etc. by casting in a stone when they open themselves. They lie hid when they cast their shells.   

Cramp-fish. Torpedo.  

P. In Nilus, and muddy places of the Sea.  
M. They feed on fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Stupefactor. Stupescor.   
Cramp-fish. Gal. T. This as also the Forkfish, amongst those that are Cartilagineous, have soft and pleasant flesh, and meanly passing through the belly, and easily concocted: also they nourish meanly, as also all others that have soft flesh. They are used sometimes in steed of the saxatile fishes, and to help the epilepsy. Plat. Athen. The first is a very acceptable fish. Epicharm. The lest are best. Hices. Their cartilege is very acceptable to the stomach, the rest yields but little juice. Diph. It is of hard concoction, except those parts that are about the head, which are render, acceptable to the stomach, and easily concocted. Yet Rondelerius disliketh the use thereof, it being of ill juice, unpleasant, moist, soft, and fungous, though some eat the hinder parts thereof with garlic and onions, amongst poor people. Diphilus commends them boiled, and Archestratus boileth them in oil and wine with sweet smelling herbs, and a little cheese. Gal. But if they are used as attenuating diet, they are to be taken with beets stamped, or white broth, with a leek and a little pepper, otherwise they are commonly fried, and eaten being sprinkled with the juice of an orange. V Plin. Being eaten they loosen the belly, Hipp. and help the hepatick disease being boiled, as also the Forkfish, and small Rays. The same helps the third kind of tabes, so the Skate. Being roasted they help the dropsy. Diosc. Applied to the head, they help old pains thereof, and restrain the falling out of the fundament; so Gal. Aeg. Avic. and Kiran. Marcel. Empyr. sc. the Black applied alive, till the part be torpid. The same helps the gout being trod on till the stupidity reacheth the knee. Aet. They help inflammations and pains, Being boiled in oil; and used with a little wax and oil it helps the gout. Aegineta maketh his diaturpane hereof; and Myrepsus plasters for the same purpose, some also use it with daffodils. Aldrov. Some substitute the Tench unto it. Hol. The gout also may be cured by putting the part into snow water, after anointing it with petroleum. Aelian. Being putrified in vinegar it is a psilothron, Plin. so the brain with alum. Aet. The skin applied helps the falling out of the matrix. Plin. The gall used to the geniral hindereth venery, when newly taken. Jonst. As for their description, they are black or reddish, with or without spots, their body is all orbicular, except the tail, they weigh about 6. pounds, their skin is slippery, black and yellowish, their mouth is upwards and little, so their eyes. They have no tongue, but gills in the midst of their bodies. They have two fins near the tail, and a cartilege within. They bring forth eighty young, and hid themselves in the mud to stupify fishes, etc. which they do at a distance.   

Crevisse. Astacus.  

P. In brooks, lakes, and rivers, in England, etc.  
M. Of fish, waterherbs, clay, and flesh.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Caranides. Locustella.   
Crevisse. Muff T. These as also Shrimps, are used for queasy stomaches. They are a fine temperate and nourishing meat, they are best from the spring until autumn, and at the full of the Moon, also the females are better than the males; for consumptive persons, they are first to be washed in barley water, and then to be sodden in milk till they be tender, being first discaled, and the long gut pulled out by the middle fin in the tail. They are to be sod in water with salt, being first dieted with crumbs of white bread in a cistern, for three or four days. Jonst. They are hardly concocted, and send cold and moist vapours to the head. V They are used against the bitings of mad dogs, the physic, hectic fever, retention of urine, the stone, inflammation of the tongue and throat, as also the cancer in the duggs. The distilled liquor thereof, with that of endive, roses, and erratic poppies, helps the quinsey; the tongue being washed therewith, and a draught drunk: also the tongue being anointed with lard, and the juice thereof being still used. Hartman prepareth them against the cancer of the duggs. Their stones are diuretical, expel agues, and are vulnerary, so Helmont. They are used also against the stone, with the stones of peaches and medlars: And against clotted blood, with the coals of the Line tree quenched in vinegar, etc. Their description is needless. They generate by ascension, and bring forth spawn by the fundament, which sticks to the tail, often till animated. They lie hid in the winter, and they have antipathy to Hogs.   

Crowfish. Coracinus.  

P. In the Sea and Rivers, chiefly in Nilus.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Corvulus. Gracculus.   
Crowfish. Aldrov. T. That of Nilus is reckoned amongst the better sort of fishes, but the Marine is less acceptable. The black also is better than the white, and the boiled than the roasted, agreeing better with the stomach and belly. So Diph. Aristot. And they are both best, when they are great with spawn. They are to be boiled in white wine, water and vinegar; and to be eaten with the juice of sorrel or vinegar. They may be kept longer with vinegar, and a little pepper, with the leaves of bays, myrtles or walnuts. Salu. Or they may be put into hot oil, and being seasoned with salt and vinegar may be put into barrels, having myrtle leaves stratified. V Rond. The stones in the head help the nephritick pain or colic, and the jaundice. They help the stone of the reins, by drying up the phlegm, or dryving it out by its weight, like the Jews or Lynxes Stone. Jonst. Hices. they nourish little, are easily evacuated, and of indifferent good juice. As for the description, it's about a foot long and black. They are great in autumn, and are best in a squalid year. Coel. Rhod. And help against the pismires of trees.   

Cur. Cuculus.  

P. They are to be had, betwixt Brasil and Portugal.  
M. Their meat is not observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Coccygium: their noise, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
Cur. Aldrov. T. It is a sweet fish, but not the best, it hath much flesh, white, hard, and dry, so Philot. Diph. yet it's preferred before the Sea Kite, as less hard, and being friable. Hipp. They are good in pituitous and gross diseases, as also the Scorpion, Dragon, Callionimus and Gudgeon. Epicharm. Dor. They are to be broiled, after dissection, and seasoned with parsley, cheese, silphium, salt, and oil, and sprinkled with vinegar. Rond. The greater may be fried, those of Montpelier boil them in water & wine, and eat them with vinegar or the juice of sorrel, or with oil omphacine, saffron, pepper, and the leaves of parsley, sc. being seasoned therewith. Jonst. As for the description. The whole fish is round, carnose, and not above three pounds' weight. The back is bald, the head great, bonny, angulous, and prickly. The nose hath two long eminencies, the jaws serve as teeth, the belly is plain, the head, back, sides, and fins are red, The ventricle is carnose, the intestines broad, and fat, the liver whitish without a gall: And the spleen is red and little. When taken they make a noise like Cuckoos.   

Cuttle. Sepia.  

P. Their abiding is in the septentrional Ocean.  
M. Of little fishes, and the Mullet.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Theb. Opistholia. Arab. Sarathan.   
Cuttle. Jonst. T. They beware and are still used as meat, they are best when great, chiefly in January, February, and March. For the most part they are boiled, and are better than the roasted, in Illyria the greater are salted, and are thence carried to Venice. Some use them with nuts to cause venery, the spawn may be fried. Sym. Seth. They are hardly concocted, and have little juice. V Gal. With the shells of eggs and oil they help the toothache. Hipp. They are often used in women's diseases. Cells. Diosc. Their ink mollifieth the belly. Plin. The spawn provoketh urine. Marcel. And takes away tinctures and spots in the skinn. The bones are used in dentifrices: Gesn. and drunk in water help the vices of the breast. Schrod. The bone drieth and cleanseth, sc. the powder, it helps spots, moist itch, and the eyes applied with honey. It helps swollen gums in dentifrices; it helps the asthma: taken, it stops the gonorrhoea, it expels the stone, and provoketh urine: the D. is scrup. 1. The spawn cleanseth the reins and ureters, and provokes the terms. Jonst. As for the description, they agree very much with the Poulp and Calamire. They generate by embraces, in the spring, and go fifteen days, their eggs are first white, till they put forth their black liquor thereon, and the male ejaculats his sperm. The young are excluded as birds. The males are known as being rougher. The male helps the females: and being in danger, they cast forth their atrament. They catch fishes, after the manner of angling, by letting down a line, as it were, from the neck, with a crook at the end of it.    

D.  

Dace. Leuciscus.  

P. In most rivers, in great streams.  
M. Of red worms, Codworms, maggets, and young wasps, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Leucorinus. Albicella. Vindosa.   
DAce. Muff. T. Is of a sweet taste, a soft flesh, and good nourishment, either sod, or broiled; or pickled like Anchovaes' after the Italian manner, Aldrov. Gal. So they lose what is mucous and virulent. Some catch them and use them like Herrings. Bell. Gesn. They are best in April and May, as also in February. In Italy they take them chiefly in the winter. Grapald. They are good roasted, and seasoned with salt, vinegar, oil olive, pepper and cinnamon. V Rondel. The fat helps pains of the ears, and mixed with the gall cleanseth the dimness of the eyes. As for the description it's needless. Jonst. In the summer they have worms in them, and are unwholesome. They spawn in June, and copulate with the Carp. Muff. Those of the Sea called Javelins are of the same nature.   

Dogfish. Canis cetaceus.  

P. In the deep Sea, and near the shore.  
M. Of flesh and fishes, which they catch by craft.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Canis Carcharias, & branchiatus.   
Dogfish. Rond. T. The flesh is white, and not of a ferine taste. Mnesith. It's of easy concoction. Gal. It's hard and excrementitious, yet eaten by the Country folks, being salted; but its mucons and of an unpleasant taste, therefore they are eaten with mustard, or some sharp sauce. Also when salted it engendereth melancholy blood. Alex. Ben. It, as also the condemned meats, sc. the Hogs, Cows, Asses, Dogs, Dog-fish, and all cetaries salted, have made many Idiots. V Their teeth are set in silver, to cause dentition, as many think. Rond. the same are used as dentifrices; by their asperity to whiten the teeth, and by their dryness to preserve and strengthen the same. The fat may be used in steed of that of the Crocodile: and used in a gargarism with water and vinegar it helps the tooth ach. Some weigh four thousand pound: as for the description, their skin is rough, their mouth supine, head great, teeth triangular, eyes great and round, and the optic nerves hard, and the tail of a cubit long, so Jonst.   

Dolphin. Delphinus.  

P. They are to be found, in most places of the Sea.  
M. They live of fishes, for the most part.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Porcus Marinus. Delphis. Berellus.   
Dolphin. Albert. T. They are not eaten by the Italians; but by the Germans, Rondel. And are of great account amongst the French. Therefore they are sent to Lions, having a hard flesh, & such as will not soon putrify. The most useful parts are the liver and tongue. The liver is of a tender substance; but of evil juice; the tongue is more tender and fat, and to be preferred before the liver. Card. The bowels are like violets, both in taste and smell. V Plin. The ashes of the fish applied with water help the leprosy and ringworms, cicatrizing the same. Kiran. The liver roasted and eaten helps tertians and quartans: Plin. so taken before the fit; or the fat anointed: The same drunk with wine helps the dropsy. The fume helps the strangulation of the womb. The ashes of the teeth with honey, cause dentition, and help fears. Kiran. The powder of the belly helps the spleen. As for the description, they have a flat nose; a movable, short, broad, and carnose tongue; sharp and little teeth: great eyes. A spout betwixt the eyes. Two strong fins. The privity like that in beasts, so the womb, the genital as in four footed beasts, and they are without a gall. They live 300. years: generate like rationals, and have a groaning voice: a sharp sight, and love music and men; but hate the Whale, etc.   

Dragon. Draco.  

P. They live in the Sea, amongst the sand and rocks.  
M. Of the smaller kind of fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Maris Vastator.   
Dragon. Gal. T. The flesh is hard and dry; but if prepared, It's pleasant, nourishing much, and begetteth good juice. Rond. V The ashes of the fresh head thereof help against all poison. Plin. The toothache may be cured by scarification, with their bones. H. Their wound, causeth fevers and inflammations: Plin. The remedy is a Mullet eaten or applied. Diosc. Gal. Or the fish applied, Aeg. or sulphur with vinegar. Aet. or lead.    

E.  

Eel. Anguilla.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of frogs, worms, fishes, roots, herbs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Plota. Enchelys.   
Eel. Muff. T. Their flesh is sweet; but unwholesome. So hurts divers, yielding much nourishment; but very corruptible. H. They loosen the belly; but cause fluxes. They open the windpipes, but stop the liver. They clear the voice, but infect the lungs. They increase sperm, but not good; lastly, they cause agues, hurt the stomach and kidneys, engender gravel, cause the strangury, sharpen the gout, and fill the body with many diseases. They are worst in summer; but never wholesome, the elder are better, and the silver bellied and sandy, worst. Villanov. They have all a venomous malignity, and gluish suffocating juice; yet those of Jovius by Cremona are counted good. Note, Their sinking to the bottom when dead, showeth them to be of a muddy nature, and wanting that aerial substance that lighteneth other fishes, as also that they are melancholy, feeding in the night. Great Eels are best roasted and broiled, their malignant humour being next the skin, and so evaporated by the fire: the next best, are those that are powdered, and soused, and baked with butter, salt, and pepper; but worst sodden, in water, ale, and yeast, as commonly: the last hurting the stomach, liver, and blood. Aldrov. They are of a slimy and pituitous juice. H. Hipp. They hurt the third kind of tabes, and disease of the spleen, and cause inflammations in the lungs. sc. The Feculent. When used, the black vein is to be taken from the back. The Ancients did eat them with beets, for abstersion, so salted. Salern. They are to be dressed with spices, also with wine in the winter; and vinegar in the summer. They are good roasted with bay leaves, having crumbs of bread, salt and spices sprinkled thereon. If boiled, it's to be done, with stone parsley, sage, bay-leaves, and pepper. Other ways of dressing them may be seen in Apicius and Platina. V Gal. The fat is good against stripes. Salu. That when roasted dropped into the ears helps their old pains, Rond. and those of the nerves. Gesn. Anointed it helps bald heads. Ms. Germ. With that of a Goose, the juice of roe, wormwood, ground ivy, and hounds-tongue made into an unguent, it helps wounds: the same with the juice of house-leek, dropped into the ear, stopping it with a warm linen cloth, and applying bread warm, helpeth deafness. Rond. The gall helps suffusions of the eyes. With oil of roses it hindereth the growth of hair after evulsion. Salu. The fume of those that are salted, their skins being burnt and taken by the fundamer, helps gripe caused by the dysentery. Kiran. The liver drunk causeth a loathing of wine. Marcel. The blood taken with a double quantity of red wine, and warm water fasting, helpeth and preventeth the colic; their fat and liquor applied help the hemorrhoids. Hippiat. A live Eel given to horses, helps their asthma. Schrod. The head helps warts. Some say that the wine drunk, in which they have been killed, causeth abstinency. Jonst. Horse coursers give the young-ones to Horses, to make them more lively. As for their description it is needless. They are generated of slime & putrefaction. they feed in the night, and lie in the mud in the day time. They live seven or eight years, fear thunder, and are taken best when there are floods. Muff. T. The Conger, or Sea Eel, Conger. hath a white, fat and sweet flesh. The little are taken betwixt Gloucester, and Tewksbury; but the great-ones only in the salt Seas. They feed as Eels do, upon fat waters, at the mouths of rivers. They are hard of digestion for most stomaches, causing colicks if eaten cold, and leprosies if eaten hot, after seething. It is not amiss first to boil it tender in water with salt, time, parsley, bays, and hot herbs, then to lay it covered in vinegar, and after to broil it, it then yielding good nourishment in summer for hot stomaches. Eele-powte. Mustela. Muff. T. Is best in April, May, and September, their spawn is very hurtful; but the flesh white, sweet, firm, and of good nourishment, and their livers most sweet and delicate. They may be sod as a Dorry, and broiled a little, that they may be of easier digestion, or they may be boiled as Storgian and eaten cold. Aldrov. Encel. The ventricle drunk expels the secundine, and helps all vices of the matrix, and colic. The oil of the liver helps suffusions and spots.    

F.  

Flounder. Rhombus.  

P. About fat earth, and shores, in England and other places.  
M. Of fishes and Crabs.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Turbotus Arnold. Villanov.   
FLounder. Aldrov. T. By the Ancients they were used in luxury; whence arised the proverb; nihil ad Rhombum. Gal. They have a soft flesh, therefore they are to be roasted. Rond. Yet the Aculeate are hard, especially if larger, for the smaller are more moist and soft. Xenoc. They are hardly concocted; but nourish much; yet Villanovanus counts them inferior to good fishes; also gross and viscid, hardly concocted, excrementitious, but agreeing to strong young men with Sauces to correct their viseous and cold nature. Gal. Boiled in broth with a little Salt, Leeks, and Anet, they help those that recover from sickness and are good for the sound broiled, and with vinegar or fried with wine: now it's boiled and eaten with the juice of an Orang. Plin. Applied it helps the spleen. Jonst. As for their description, they have a quadrate form, and obliqne angles.   

Fork-fish. Pastinaca.  

P. In muddy and dirty places of the Sea.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Glorinus. Opisthokentros.   
Fork-fish. Aldrov. Their Radius only is poisonsome, which being cut off, the roasted may be eaten. Gal. The flesh is soft and pleasant, and may be substituted in the steed of other saxatile fishes; So the Cramp-fish; yet others count it soft, unsweet, ferine, and of evil juice; therefore it's eaten only by poor people. It may be eaten with vinegar, boiled; and sprinkled with Meal, if fried. Note, the head and tail are to be cut off. V Hipp. Those that have the third kind of tabes may eat them in the 4th. month; and in the hepatick grief, like the pleurisy. Their liver sod in oil helps the leprosy and ringworms, Plin. And the itch. Diosc. Aeg. Plin. Cells. The weapon helps the toothache. Aet. With henbane it helps the falling out of the matrice. Plin. And facilitats delivery. Rond. Their wounds may be helped by applying the liver, and the ashes of the Radius used with vinegar. Diosc. The signs of their wounds are great pain, convulsions, lassitude, and imbecility, dumbness, dimness of the eyes, blackness, and stupidity of the part. Diosc. yet the Fish applied being dissected is good. Tarent. So Pigeons dung, the seed of Lettuce, Butter, and Similage. Aet. Also vinegar, and live brimstone moistened with old urine, horehound, leaves of Laurel, Viper's bugloss, the root of clowns alheall and sage, or acid leaven with tar: the compounds are the emplastrum piscatoris. Aet. Gal. and Isis. Diosc. Also what helps against Vipers: and scordium drunk, and Mithridate, etc. Vid. Aet. Aeg. etc. Aldrov. They are taken by the hook, and nets.   

Frog. Rana marina, etc.  

P. In herbose places and the shore, etc.  
M. Of flesh, even that of man.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Diabolus marinus.   
Frog. Card. T. That of the Sea is not edible. Rond. Salu. But the flesh is soft, unsweet, serine, mucous, excrementitious, virulent, and of evil juice, and therefore scarce eaten by the lowest sort of people: yet Archestratus commendeth the liver. V Marcel. Their gall eradicats hair after evulsion. Rond. it helps suffusions; Plin. Their juice boiled in wine and vinegar is good, drunk against poison, but Gesner thinks it belongs to the fluviatile. Schrod. Those belonging to rivers, are an antidote against all poisons of Serpents, being eaten with salt, oil and butter; and their broth drunk. They help against old rigours of the tendons. The wine in which the green are killed, helps to the loathing of wine. Applied alive they help pestilent biles, the heat of causons, and mitigate the pains of the joints, and quench St. Anthony's fire. Their Gargarism helps the toothache: applied to a torminated belly they ease it. The heart applied to the back bone helps algid agues: and some apply it against the heart, to help causons, and heat. Crat. The liver powdered, is good used in quartans. The livers of the green, help Epilepsies. The gall helps the eyes, and drach. sem. of the powder taken helps quartans. The fat dropped into the ears helps the pain thereof. The sperm, called sperniola, doth cool, constipate, thicken, ease pain, help the itch of the hands in March, kills creeping ulcers, & helps the Paronychia, it helps the erysipelas, burn, and other inflammations. It helps the redness of the face, flux of the menses, and hemorrhoids, put into the womb or fundament. The ashes of Frogs, stop bleeding in wounds, or the nostrils: the fume helps hemorrhages of the nostrils: it helps the alopecia with tar. Drach. 1. taken helps the gonerrhoea. The water of the sperm, helps the bladder exulcerated by the acrimony of humours: also it repelleth and stoppeth blood, helps redness of the face, and cureth ringworms, the erysipelas, and gangrenes. French, the compound helps all pains, and hot and cold swell. The powder of the sperm helps malignant ulcers, and all inflammations. Jonst. They of the Sea, as to their description, are all head and tail, their mouth is great, teeth many and sharp, jaws semicircular, the tongue longer than the upper jaw, and eyes large in the top of the head, Kircher, Art. Magnet. They have a kind of fin in the midst of their nose. They live alone and amongst stones, where they lie with open mouth, seeming to have a worm therein, which the Fish seeing, are taken by them. So they are called, Piscatrices.    

G.  

Grailing. Thymallus.  

P. In cold, frigid and gravelly waters.  
M. They live upon aquatile infects.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Aschiar. Thymus piscis. Temarus.   
GRailing. Gesn. T. They are to be preferred before Trout, Salu. They are tender and sapid, and therefore dearer than other Fishes, especially in May. They are also very wholesome, and therefore prescribed by Physicians to their patients, in steed of saxatile Fishes. Plat. They are good fried, Gesn. But the fatter are better tasted when roasted, Salu. And the greater are best boiled, and eaten with butter. V Gesn. Ms. Germ. The gall is used in diseases of the ears, as that of the Eel, and Tench; for being dropped in, it breaks the pellicles, cureth fluxions, and killeth worms. Salu. The fat dropped in helps deafness, and wounds. Gesn. It helps the eyes, lippitude, redness, heat and wefts, a drop being dropped in daily. The fat helps spots in the eyes and adustions and marks of the pocks, so Schrod. It's a kind of Troute.   

Groundlin. Aphya.  

P. About Rocks in many places in the Sea.  
M. They live by licking one an other.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Apua. Hepsetus. Liparis. Genitura.   
Groundlin. Rond. T. They yield a moist aliment. Athen. And are flatulent, being of unequal concoction. Mnesith. They loosen the belly, and are to be eaten sodden. The Phalerick is very fat, which serves for lamps. Jonst. They are generated of putrified mud and showers. They swim together in great shoals, that make the water white. They are taken with fine nets.   

Gudgin. Gobius.  

P. Almost every where, in England, etc.  
M. Of Worms, Cad-worms, and Grubbes, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cobio. Gobio. Cothus.   
Gudgin. Muff. T. They are either white and little, or else bigger and blacker, yet both are as a Perch; but the yellowish are dry, lean, & unseasonable. Gal. They are much to be commended, being short, pleasant in taste, fat, friable, soon concocted, nourishing much, and increasing good blood, and of a mean juice, and softer than Mullets. The best live about Rocks, but those that live in fens and lakes are not wholesome. Hices. They generate much, but not good juice, they are easily evacuated, and nourish not much. The white are better, than the black, the yellow are of a more hollow substance, less corruptible: of thinner juice and not so copious; and by reason of their largeness, are more nourishing. Aet. They are good in the colic from cold and pituitous humours, yielding much aliment and strength to the body. V Aeg. The Marine being sodde loosen the belly. Kiran. So the fluviatile with salt, or milk. Sym. Seth. If roasted and without salt, they help dysenteries, lienteries, and painful egestions. Diosc. Applied they help the bitings of mad Dogs, and Serpents. Schrod. Nicand. Being eaten they help against dorycnium. Diocl. Saxatil fishes yield a dry aliment, but solid and corpulent. Muff. Sea Gudgeons, called Paganelli, and by some Sea-cobs, are a most sound, light, wholesome, and nourishing meat. They are brought to Exeter. Groundlings called Funduli, are of the same nature.   

Guilt-head. Aurata.  

P. About Berenice, and the Seas.  
M. Of Flesh, and Shell-fish.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Orata. Chrysos. Joniscus.   
Guilt-head. Hices. Athen. T. They are the sweetest of all Fishes, and most acceptable to the Pallat. Mnesith. They are hardly concocted; but if so, they yield much aliment. Rondel. They are of a middle flesh, good juice, and a little harder, than Saxatile fishes; the best are the Marine: in France they boil them in water and wine or vinegar, some add oil, Saffron, Pepper, and Raisins: or they may be roasted, with oil and vinegar, often sprinkled thereon. See Plat. and Apic. Muff. Those called Lucernae, or Golden-Poles, are almost like the Gurnard. Gal. But of harder digestion. Jonst. As for their description, they seldom exceed 10 l. their back is of a ceruleous blackish colour, the sides silver coloured, the belly milky, the upper part of the eyes golden. The fore teeth are long. They breed in the summer near the mouths of Rivers. And they are taken by bows placed, on the Sand.    

H.  

Herring. Halec.  

P. In the Baltic Ocean, and Germany.  
M. Some say they live only on the water.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Halecus. Harengus.   
HErring. Aldrov. T. They have a fat and soft flesh. Being fried fresh in butter, they are very delicate, and much desired by the Hollanders, some use them the back bone being taken out, with Onions, Apples, Vinegar and Oil: they are eaten also roasted, or broiled after watering, being salted, Schrod. V their animae taken, provoke urine. The salted, applied whole to the soles of the feet, draw humours from the head, & ease feverish heat; and the ashes break the stone. The pickle is used in clysters, in pains of the hips and dropsy, it cleanseth foetid ulcers, and helps gangrenes, quinsies, and botches.   

Horn-beake. Acus.  

P. They live in the salt waters.  
M. Their meat is not observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Ablennes. Acicula.   
Horn-beake. Diph. T. That of Aristotle is of hard concoction, moist, and of good juice, though Hicesius saith they are juycelesse. Alex. Ben. They are good in the time of pestilence. Rond. The vulgar hath a dry and hard flesh. V Gal. The ashes of the Marine drunk, help the flux of urine. Kiran. Whole, with the Irine unguent it inspissats; and the ashes help diseases by the whale, or wounds. That of Oppian is soft or moist: being fried and irrorated with the juice of an Orange it is grateful to the . Jonst. As for the description, the first is long, sc. of one cubit, a finger thick, and of a yellow colour, with a little head, long nose, eyes little, gills on each side, and ventricle in the middle, also they bring forth eggs.    

K.  

Keeling. Milvus.  

P. They live in the Seas, only.  
M. Of flesh, though without teeth.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Milvago. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Landola.   
KEeling. Muff. T. They differ in nothing but in name, from Cod. Aldrov. The flesh is unpleasant: Athen. Harder than the Gurnard; but if any will eat them, they are better boiled than roasted. V Rond. The gall helps suffusions in the eyes. Jonst. They are like Kites as to their description.    

L.  

Lamprey. Lampetra.  

P. They live in the Sea and Rivers.  
M. Of water and moss, and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Alabeta. Galexia. Lumbricus marinus.   
LAmpreys and Lamprons. Muff. T. Differ in bigness only, and in goodness: both are a sweet and nourishing meat, increasing lust through much nourishment; but they are evil, even for strong stomaches, and quickly cause furfeits, Vid. Polyd. Virg. L. 11. H. they are best in March and April, being then sattest; in the summer they are harder and leaner. They are to be well sod or baked, else they are of hard and very dangerous digestion. H. they are hurtful for those that are old, gouty, aguish, and troubled in their sinewey parts. The Italians beat them on the tail till almost dead, than gag their mouth with a whole Nutmeg, and stop every oilet hole with a clove, and then cast them into oil and Malmsey, with crumbs of bread, a few Almonds blanched and minced, to correct and better their flesh. These are best baked, and the Lamprons broiled. The best are those in severn's, being whiter, purer, sweeter, fatter and of less malignity. Alex. B. it's of good juice and to be preferred before all Fish; Albert. But it's rather unwholesome, and to be seasoned with spices. Aldrov. The flesh of that called Muraena is in a Mediocrity. Aet. They are difficultly concocted, and cause inflations and bad humours. Their dressing may be seen in Apicius. V Kiran. eaten with broth they help the Nephritick, Leprosy, and Scabs with Pepper. Plin. The teeth worn help breeding of the teeth: also their ashes with honey help lichens and the Leprosy. Marcel. The ashes of their skins, applied to the forehead with vinegar help pains of the head. Jonst. As for their description, they are about 2. cubits long. Salu. They are about 12. pounds' weight. They live in the Sea about petrose places, and the mouths of Rivers. They live with flesh. When taken they are said to fly at the fishers. They hate the Locust, Polypus, and Conger, etc.   

Lobster. Locusta marina.  

P. In the Sea, and in most places.  
M. Of little Fishes, and conger's, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Gammarus.   
Lobster. Muff. T. They are of a strong and hard flesh, and hard of concoction. The belly, claws, and upper parts are most tender, and the tail parts tough. When they are seething, their mouth and lower vent should be stopped with tow, that they may be more pleasant in taste. They are for strong stomaches. The lest are tenderest, and the middle sized best fleshed: the greater are old and tough and hardly concocted. They come in season with the Buck, and go out, with the Does coming in. Also they are best in the full of the Moon. Clove and gilly-floure vinger is their best sauce; also buttered with vinegar and Pepper, they give a strong nourishment to an indifferent stomach. They are best when their spawn lieth greatest in their head. Hipp. They purge childing Women. Sim. Seth. The ashes of the shells drunk with pure Wine, purge the reins from the stone. So Jonst.   

Lumps. Orbs.  

P. In the septentrional Ocean.  
M. Their meat is not observed.  
N. Orchis. Lumpus Angl. Aldrov. Batus rotundus.   
Lumps. Muff. T. They are crude, raw, and phlegmatic meat, like a Thorne-back half sodden. They are best being boiled and pickled like a Sturgian, and so eaten cold, Jonst. They are round, as to their description, and without scales.    

M.  

Mackrel. Scombrus.  

P. They live in the Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.  
M. They feed near sandy shores.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Piscis Iberus. Macarellus.   
MAckrel. Diph. T. It's a light Fish, and quickly descendeth from the stomach. Hices. It nourisheth much, and is of better juice than the Colias; but less easily evacuated. Arnold. But they are rather no wholesome fish, being gross, viscous, hardly concocted, & excrementitious, and are not therefore to be used; except by young strong men, and with sauces that may correct their viscous and thick juice. Tral. H. they are naught for those that are troubled with the Epilepsy. Athen. They are fat; but load the stomach, and are best broiled. Muff. They have a suffocating substance, and are offensive to the brain, head, and breast, though pleasant to the taste, and acceptable to the stomach; yet they cause drowsiness, in the best stomaches, and apoplexies, palsies, lethargies, or dulness of sense and sinews in them that are weak. Tral. They hurt those that are phlegmatic or obstructed. They are best sod in wine vinegar with mints, parsley, rosemary and time; and if after they be kept in pickle, made of Rhenish wine, ginger, pepper and dill, they are dainty and wholesome; but worst buttered. The French lay them upon southernwood and broil them, basting them with wine and butter, and so serve them in with vinegar, pepper and butter, as hot as may be, which lessens their malignity, and increaseath their goodness. V Aelian. Being eaten they help those that are troubled with the liver and jaundice. The pickle dropped in warm, helps all diseases of the ears. Being putrified in vinegar, they help the suffocation of the womb. As for their description it is needless, they being common.   

Maids. Raiolae.  

P. The place of their living and abode is in the Sea.  
M. Of Flesh, Livers and Spawns of Fish.  
N. Their names are not much observed.   
Maids. Muff. T. Are as little and tender Skates. They are very nourishing and of good juice, fit for weak stomaches, and those that have through wantonness, spoiled themselves. They are to be boiled in wine water and salt with a sprig of rosemary, and then to be eaten with vinegar, pepper and sweet butter. Note, these, as also the Skate, & Thornback amongst Fishes, bring forth their young ones without eggs, after the kind of propagation of beasts.   

Mullet. Mullus.  

P. Their abode is in the septentrional Ocean.  
M. Of the Sea Hare or any thing.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Triglis. Mulio. Barbus marinus.   
Mullet. Gal. T. In the goodness of their juice, or pleasantness of their taste, they cannot be compared with the Jack, Umber, or Sturgian, etc. Yet others commend them as fit for the stomach, of good juice, pleasant taste, fleshy, hardly corrupted, and mean as to excretion. Cells. These, as also Pikes have a middle flesh; but most other approved Authors count them hard. Psel. They are hardly concocted; but nourish much. Gal. The flesh is the hardest of almost all other Fishes, and friable: it nourisheth well, when concocted; so other hard meats, and those of thick parts; but those that are fat, fill presently, and destroy the appetite, as also the viscous. Aet. They are good in the colic from cold and pituitous humours, as also the Scorpions and Sparrows. Diph. The flesh is acceptable to the stomach, a little astringent, hard, styptic if roasted, and heavy fried, and hardly concocted. Muff. The Sea Mullets, mugiles mar. differ little in Shape from Barbels. They are of a light and aerial substance. They hinder venery, sperm, courage, and conception; but their flesh is wholesome, white, sweet and tender. They are much nourishing being first sodden in wine, salt, and water, and then soused like a Gurnard, or kept in a jelly like a Tench, or eaten hot with vinegar and pepper. Of their eggs and blood with salt is made the Italians Botargo, Aldrov. Which recovers the appetite, causeth thirst, and helps the taste of wine. V The ashes of the head with honey help gallings of the fundament: that of the ventricle strengthens the stomach, and consumes its humidity, so dried in an Oven and washed in white wine, and the water of Mints and Wormwood. being boiled in wine, and taken in vinegar, it stoppeth vomiting; so the intestines, the fat being taken off; for all fat things laxate the stomach. Rond. The stones found in their heads help against the Nephritick passion. Aet. The Mulli are not to be used in the colic from cold and pituitons humours, as also in the hemorrhage and hemorrhoids: Diph. For they attenuate the blood; yet are astringent if roasted. Plin. Diosc. H. eaten often they dull the eyesight. They hinder venery, and the love of wine. Roasted, they help the tormina. So Marcel. and Tral. Alex. Ben. They are good in the time of the plague. Gariopont. They help the Dropsy. Marcel. The flesh of their heads with honey helps vices of the fundament; and the head discusseth carbuncles. Diosc. Applied fresh they help the bitings of the Sea Dragons, Scorpion and Spider, as also of the Fork-fish with Laser. Jonst. They breed thrice in a year. They hate the Sea Hare.   

Mussels. Mytili.  

P. They live in sandy places, in England, etc.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Chamae. Arab. Amarchas.   
Mussels. Wot. T. The least are whitest, softest, and soon digested; but the greater are of stronger and larger nourishment: the red ones are very daingerous, & the yellow ones are suspected; but the white are wholesome and much commended, except unto hot and destempered stomaches: They are best sodden in the water out of which they were taken, else in water and salt and a little strong ale and vinegar. Boiled Mussels increase heat and drought: if fried they easily corrupt in the body, and turn to a bad juice. If they are kept in Srt. Goodrons' pickle for Oysters, (made of Sea water, Wine, Vinegar, Bayleaves, Mints, Pepper, Ginger and Cinnamon,) they are as wholesome, and more pleasant than Oysters Horse mussels, are not a wholesome meat, Plin. Tasting brackish and strong, and having a hidden poison in their flesh. Jonst. They lose their virulency, being boiled, with mustard and cresses. The worst are in sandy places. Plin. their broth increaseth the body. The greater are hard, and therefore hardly concocted. They beget thick blood and no good juice; but they nourish much, and move the belly and urine. V In physic they have the same use as the Musculi. Diosc. Applied they help the bitings of a mad Dog. The broth openeth, purgeth the reins, and lesseneth the blood and fat: therefore they are very good for such as have the dropsy, jaundice, joint ache, inflations, etc. And to purge Women. The shell is used to take up oil with all, like a spoon.    

O.  

Oyster. Ostrea.  

P. In the Sea and Rivers, about Rocks, etc.  
M. Of Sea water, Mud, and Dew.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Ostreum Minsh. Gal Huistre.   
Oyster. Muff. T. They are a common and wholesome meat. They differ in colour substance and bigness; but the best are thick, little and round shelld, not flaggy through abundance of gelid humours; but short, firm and thick of flesh, rising up round like a Woman's breast, being in a manner all belly, and short find, of a green colour, and listed about as with a purple hair, and may therefore be called Calliblephara: such are our Walfleet and Colchester Oysters, which in good relish, substance and wholesomeness, fare exceed those of Vsk, Pool, Southampton, Whitestable, and Rye, etc. Gal. They are somewhat heavy of digestion and engender phlegm; but he knew not the goodness of our English Oysters, which are the second best in the World: every man loving them, and they offending no indifferent stomach, though eaten raw, but rather settling a bad appetite, confirming a weak stomach, and giving good nourishment to decayed members, through their own goodness, or being much desired: they were also always counted of light digestion, being to be eaten first. The fattest are taken in salt waters at the mouths of Rivers; but the wholesomest and lightest are the marine upon Shelves and Rocks; which also procure urine and stool, and help the colic and dropsy eaten raw; but if sod they bind the belly, stop urine, and increase the colic. They are to be eaten drinking wine, or strong and hot beer after them, else they concoct hardly. Little Oysters are best raw; and the great stewed with wine, onions, pepper, and butter; or baked with onions, pepper and butter, or else pickled with white wine vinegar, their own water, bays, Mints, and hot spices; but they are worst sod except in Sea-water. All Oysters are worst when full of milk, which is commonly betwixt May and August: raw Oysters are best in Winter and cold weather, when the stomach is hottest, sc. from September to April: yet the Italians never eat them raw; but broile them in their shell with their water, the juice of an Orange; Pepper and Oil, and so they eat daintily. Pickled Oysters may be eaten at all times, and to the taste and judgement of some, they are more commendable; chiefly to cold, weak, windy, and queasy stomaches, than any way else prepared. Some affirm Oysters may be kept all the year in Snow, and so be eaten cold in the Summer, so Pliny. Bell. Jonst. They are the best of all Shell-fish. Gal. Their flesh is moist and tenacious, of thick juice, and engendering a thick cold and crude humour; being raw, they have a salt humour which moveth the belly and causeth Satirism: Being boiled and losing their moisture they cause murmuring; so Jou. Jul. Alex. by reason of their great softness of flesh they are easily concocted, and rather beget phlegm, than crude humours. Being broiled on a gridiron with spice and salt, they are not hurtful. Plin. Being crude they recreate the stomach and help loathing of Meat. They are best at the decrease of the Moon. V Being boiled with mulse and Pepper they help the tenesmus. Myreps. The ashes of their shells help ulcers of the lips, etc. And whiten the teeth. Plin. With old urine, They help eruptions and running ulcers. Rond. A lixive made therewith helps oedematous tumors of the feet and knees; for it drieth, digesteth much, and heateth if not washed. Schrod. They attract the poison of pestilent buboes to them, used to the arms or thighs, so Holl.    

P.  

Perch. Perca.  

P. They live in the Thames, and Avon, etc.  
M. Of Fishes, even of their own kind.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Persicinus. Hisp. etc. Percá.   
PErch. Muff. T. They are a most firm, tender, white and nourishing Fish, Ausonius preferreth them before Pikes, Roches, Mullets and all other Fish: they are commended also by Hessus, Diocles, Hypocrates and Galen. They are ever in season, except in March and April, when they Spawn. As the oldest and greatest Eel is best, so the middle sized Pike and Perch are always most wholesome. They may be sod in wine vinegar, water and salt, and then eaten hot, or covered with wine vinegar and eaten cold: they so, both cooling a distempered feverish stomach, and giving much nourishment to a weak body. Aldrov. The stones in their brains help the stone in the reins, and other pungent griefs in the sides. Aldrov. The Sea-perch is as the former. The broth loosens the belly. The head with honey helps pustules, etc.   

Perwinckles. Cochleae marinae.  

P. Their abiding place is about the Seashore.  
M. Of the finest mud and best weeds.  
N. Their names are not much observed.   
Perwinckles or Whelks. Muff. T. Are very nourishing and restorative, being sod in their own Sea water. The whitest flesh are ever best and tenderest, and those that are taken in clean creeks eat pleasantly; but those of muddy shores strangely, and offend the eyesight. They are best in Winter and the spring, for a resolved stomach and liver. Apicius would have the covering of their holes taken away after boiling, being unwholesome. For sound persons they may be sod with water, salt and vinegar also: for the sick they may be seethed, and steeped in new milk, or fried in a Pan with butter and salt.   

Pike. Lucius.  

P. In Rivers and Pools, almost every where.  
M. They feed upon Fishes and Frogs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Oxyrynchus Strab. Esox, Plin.   
Pike. Lon. T. They are so wholesome that they may be given to sick Women. Arnold. These as also the Perch, are best when of a mean size, and in the first degree of goodness. The flesh is more white, friable, and subtle than that of the Carp. Note, Physicians choose the lesser Fishes and those of a middle age. They are best in July and October. The hinder part is best. Plat. The greater are best boiled, they may also be fried or broiled, so Gesn. Their spawn is as bad as that of the Barbel, causing the choleric passion. The powder purgeth the belly. Drach. 1. of the ashes of the jaws helps the stone: it drieth up ulcers of the privities. Alex. Ben. Drunk in wine its diuretic; applied it cures the piles. The powder of the teeth helps the whites, so the jaws, also the pleuresy, and secundine. Muff. The great are hard and tough: the little, moist. Schrod. The gall taken cureth the ague, outwardly it helps spots, and dimness of the eyes, etc. The heart helps the paroxysms in fevers. Their mandibles, dry and cleanse, and help difficulty in Childbirth. The powder used outwardly helps the Synovia, and mundifieth old ulcers. The cruciforme bone of the head taken, helps the Epilesy, some use it as a periapt against enchantments. The fat is used to the soles of the feet and breasts of infants to revelle catarrhs, and ease the cough. the destilled water of the gall helps the eyes. Jonst. The ashes of their bones if salted, serve in steed of spodium. They live 200. years. Dubrav. They bear antipathy to the Frog. Pikes of the Sea; Lucii Muff. Are a most dainty Fish, and more sweet, tender and crisper than River Pikes, and may be eaten by aguish persons, weak stomaches, and Women in Childbed. They feed upon young fry and spawns of Fish. And by continual swimming against the surges, they become tenderer than fresh water Pikes, though not so fat. Gal. Those in the pure Sea are sweet, in taste and smell, and laste long. Hices. They are of good juice, but not of much nourishment. They are best, in Winter. Xenoc. Those of a mean bigness are best, being tender, of good juice, sweet, acceptable to the stomach, nourishing much, being of easy distribution, and quickly carried through the Body. Diocles preferreth the broiled, and Platina saith they have a superfluous moisture. The divers way of dressing may be seen in Apicius. The venture helps digestion, the Fish, botches: the stone, headaches, and the nephritik: the gall helps the eyes; and the eggs, the stomach.   

Pilchers. Alausae minores.  

P. Their abiding is in the Sea, and near the shore.  
M. Of the excrements of the Sea, and love beets.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Sarda, Minsh. Gall. Sardine.   
Pilchers. Muff. T. Are firmer and fuller than Herrings, and their bodies rounder: neither are they of so aguish an operation; they are best broiled, having lain a day in salt, and eaten with butter, salt, and pepper.   

Plaise. Passeres.  

P. In the Sea, Lakes, and Rivers, in England and other places.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Platessa Ausonii. Platusa Minsh.   
Plaise. Muff. T. They are of good, wholesome and fine nourishment; Arnold. Vill. They as also Soles, are to be numbered next to Rochets and Gurnards', being eaten in time, else they are carrion-like and troublesome to the belly of man. The best Plaise have blackest spots, as the best Flounder reddest, and the thicker is most commended, and such as are taken upon the Eastern coast, as Rye, Sandwich, and Dover, Philot. They are a soft fish; but Diocles counteth them more dry. Xenoc. They have a hard flesh, not subject to corruption, engendering a good juice, and meanly moving the belly. Gal. They are betwixt hard and soft. Aet. They are to be shunned in the colic from cold and pituitous humours. The Marine are the best being more firm, dry and delicate, than those of Pools, and lastly those of Rivers. Plat. They are to be boiled with stone parsely: and if broiled, to be used with the juice of Oranges.   

Porpaise. Phocaena.  

P. Their abiding, is in all Seas, chief near Crete.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Tursio. Piscis after. Porcus marinus.   
Porpaise. Aldrov. Tursions, or Sea-hoggs are fatter than Dolphins, of wose flesh, and of hard concoction. Muff. They are of the nature of Swine, never good till they are fat, contrary to Tunies, which are best leanest. It is an unsavoury meat, engendering many superfluous humours, augmenting phlegm, and troubling an indifferent stomach; yet many of the Gentry love it exceedingly baked like Venison.   

Poulp. Polypus.  

P. Their abiding place is in the Adriatic Seas.  
M. They live upon the flesh of shelfishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Anosteos. Onos. Multipes.   
Poulps. Muff. T. Are of hard digestion, and naught howsoever dressed. Hypocrates commendeth them to Women in childbed, and Diphilus, Aegineta and Aetius, saying that they nourish much, and excessively provoke lust. Being well sodden in salt water and wine, with sweet herbs, it is dainty, and more wholesome than a Mackrel. Jonst. The head is very sweet, & the flesh is of a crude juice. They are better boiled than broiled. V Applied they stop bleeding. Myreps. The ashes with that of an olive, and an half of vitriol, help the polypus. They are given to cause conception. In white wine they move the menses. They mollify the womb, and help its dislocation: They are somewhat like the Cuttle. The males have longest heads. They spawn, swim obliquely, and change their colour.   

Purple. Purpura.  

P. They live in the Sea, and near unto the shores.  
M. They feed upon little fishes, weeds and moss.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Roncera. Vngella.   
Purple. Jonst. T. They are of the nature of Shel-fishes, containing a salt juice, & loosening the belly; but they are of a hard juice. Their necks are hardly concocted, their extreme parts are acceptable to the stomach. If boiled they make thick broth. V Plin. They help against poison. Nic. As doricnium: the slime glueth fresh wounds. The ashes of the shells with honey help pustules of the privities: With roses and cloves they are used in dentifrices. with the juice of licorice, seed of poppies, cremor of barley and white wine, they help the lungs, and stop fluxions. The powder helps malign ulcers. With honey it attenuats the hair. Aetius useth them to cause conception. They are about the quantity of an egg.    

R.  

Roche. Rutilus.  

P. Almost in all Rivers: and in the stream.  
M. Of Redworms, Cod-wormes, Maggots, Sheep's blood, etc.  
N. Lentiscus fluviatilis. Gall. Rochette, Minsh.   
ROche. Muff. T. Their flesh is thought to be light, sound, and wholesome, if sodden like a bream: They are full of bones which maketh them less regarded. They are a very healthful fish, and thought uncapable of any disease, whence arised The old proverb, as sound as a Roche. Jonst. They are naught in May, they may be dressed as the Carp. So Gesn. Rochet. Rubellio. Muff. Is redder and lesser than Gurnards' and Curs, and of the like flesh and goodness; yet better fried with onions, butter, and vinegar, than sodden; seething soaking out their best nourishing substance. Aldrov. They are sweet, good, of much aliment, and middle substance, easily concocted, and not moving the belly; but cause venery, and help fevers.   

Ruffs. Cernuae.  

P. They live in the Avon, etc. and Charwel.  
M. Their meat is worms, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Acerina. Plin. Porcellus. Porculus, Minsh.   
Ruffs. Aldrov. T. They are sweeter and more wholesome than the greater Perches, they may be boiled or fried. Gesn. The stones in their heads help the stone of the reins, and pricking pains of the sides. Muff. They are not much unlike to Perches; but lesser: the best live in sandy places, where they grow exceeding fat and sweet; they may be dressed as Perches.    

S.  

Salmon. Salmo.  

P. At Gloucester, and Worcester, and other places.  
M. They feed upon, little fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Gall. Saulmón, Minsh. Hisp. Salmón.   
SAlmon. Aldrov. T. Both in taste and tenderness, they are inferior to no fish, either marine, flaviatile or lakish. Massarius preferreth them before all fishes; but they are to be eaten moderately, otherwise by reason of their excessive fatness, they cause surfeits: they are best in April and May, and when little, and those taken in Rivers. They are worse at the time of spawning. H. They are naught for those that are sick, and have weak stomaches; for they are viscous, hard of concoction, as are for the most part, all other fishes that leave the Seas to go into the rivers, so Mnesith. Plat. They taste well boiled. The sides may be pickled, and the chine broiled or fried. Some reech them. Muff. They are of a fatty, tender, short and sweet flesh, quickly filling the stomach, and soon glutting. If they go too high into the rivers, they wax lean. They come in season, and go out with the Buck; for towards winter they wax kipper, full of kernels, under their throat, and lose both their redness and taste. They are best sod in wine vinegar and salt, or else parboiled being cut into pieces, stuck full of cloves, broiled upon a gridiron, basted with butter, and served in with sauce made of vinegar, cinnamon and sugar. If pickled its like Sturgian. When hot it's counted a leprous meat. The Salmon peals or Sea Trout, are a more light, wholesome, and well tasted meat. So the Shuins or Salmunculi. Which are to be boiled in wine vinegar with salt, and sweet herbs. They are taken at leaps.   

Scorpion-fish. Scorpio.  

P. They wander abroad, in the depth of the Sea, etc.  
M. They live upon weeds, crabs, and flesh.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Spinula. Rascassa.   
Scorpion-fish. Aldrov. T. They are not the worst of fishes, especially if taken in the winter, in stony places, & the pure Sea. Philot. They are of hard flesh. Gal. They may be substituted to saxatile fishes; but yield a dry nourishment, and that copious, solid, of easy concoction, and abound not with excrements, or cause flatulency, if duly ordered. Hices. It's better than the Scorpaena, being abstersive, easily evacuated, and of much juice. They are tenderest kept a while, and boiled in water, with oil and sweet herbs, if great; else roasted. Cato, V The broth looseneth the belly, with oil, salt, and aniseeds. Hipp. They help gross and pituitous diseases, as also the Dragon, Cur and Gudgeon. The gall brings forth the menses and secundine, Marcel. and helps the eyes, and the alopecia. The stone helps the stone, So their ashes. Their biting is helped by wormwood, sulphur, and themselves applied etc.   

Sea-calf. Phoca.  

P. They live, both in the Sea, and upon the Land.  
M. Their feeding is upon fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Vitulus & bos marinus. Bocas.   
Sea-calf. Aldrov. T. The flesh is soft, spongious, and very fat; therefore it quickly satiats, and causeth nauseousness; it's of an ill juice, & ferine taste, or smell, therefore they are not much eaten by those that live near the Sea. V Plin. the right fins laid under the head, cause sleep. Shoes made of the skin help the gout, so of that of the Lion, Woolf, Fox, or Hyena. Avic. The flesh helps the epilepsy and suffocation of the matrix. Hipp. The fat helps women's diseases, used inwardly or outwardly, with bitumen, barley chaff, Goat's dung, and Hare's fur burnt, etc. Plin. The same helps the leprosy and mentagra. Plin. The curd with penax helps the epilepsy, in wine it helps the lethargy, and the quinsy with peucedanum. They differ in shape from all other fishes.   

Sheath-fish. Silurus.  

P. They live and abide in muddy waters.  
M. They live upon flesh and small fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Glanus. Solaris piscis.   
Sheath-fish. Salu. T. They have a hard flesh, and not very sweet: The greater are hardly concocted. Kentm. They are of good taste, and useful in meat, both fresh and salted. The lesser may be boiled: And the greater used as the Sturgian. Note, the vein in the back is to be taken out, and then they are to be prepared as the Eel. Jonst. As for the description. Their body is of a dim colour, the mouth blunt, and the jaws rough: they grow to the weight of 200. pound. They generate like Frogs, and the males look to the spawn 40. or 50. days, till they are of the bigness of a pease.   

Shrimp. Squilla.  

P. They live, and remain in muddy places.  
M. They live upon oysters and reets.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Scyllà. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Gibba.   
Shrimp. Muff. T. The healthful, recover sick and consumed persons, and are of the best juice. For healthful persons, they may be boiled in salt water with a little vinegar; but for the sick, first wash them in barley water, then scale them alive, and seethe them in chickens broth; so they are as restorative as the best Crabs or Crevices. If sodden with their scales they cause venery. The great Shrimps also are good for the purpose aforesaid; but the cruckt backed are sweetest and most temperate. Jonst. They are hardly concocted, and hurt the stomach. V applied they draw out things fixed in the flesh. They serve to catch Mullets and Pikes withal.   

Skate. Squatina.  

P. They live, in dirty and deep places.  
M. They live upon flesh and fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Squatus. Lima Vallae. Celtes.   
Skate. Aldrovand. T. They are friable; but not of sweet smell, yet yielding moist aliment. Gal. They are hard, difficultly concocted, and nourish much. Diph. They are cartilaginous, and all cartilaginious things engender flatulency, are carnose, hardly concocted, and if much used dull the eye sight: in so much that Rustics meddle not with them, for their ferine smell, hardness, and want of sweetness. V Hipp. Boiled they help gross disseases from phlegm, as also the third kind of tabes. Rond. The oil of the liver helps the hardness of the liver, with celtic spike, storax and wormwood. The dried eggs stop all fluxes of the belly, the skin helps scabs, the ashes help running ulcers of the head, and the alopecia. Plin. Applied they hinder the dugg's growing. Muff. They are venereous, and like the Thornback in form, and quality, but better, and skinned file-like. Jonst. As for their description. They sometimes grow to 160. pound, they are of an ash colour, their skin is used as a file to polish ivory and wood with. They bring forth twice a year seven or eight young ones at a time, they catch-fish, by hiding themselves in the sand, and moving their Rades, like worms, which the fish take, and so are taken. They often copulate with the Thornback.   

Smelts. Violaceae.  

P. They live about Kew, Brainford, and Westchester, etc.  
M. Of gnats, nitts, and louse, etc.  
N. Eperlanus Rond. Epelanus. Viola. Perlanus Minsh. Gal. Eperlón.   
Smelts. Muff. T. They are of finest, lightest, softest, and best juice of all other fish. They are best in winter and when full of spawn. The western are the greatest and best. Their gall is to be taken away, and then their livers, guts, bellies, and fat are great restoratives. They are to be sod in hot boiling water and salt: Their sauce is butter and verjuice with a little gross pepper; but civil oranges, if fried. They smell like violets. Aldrov. And are about half a foot long.   

Sole. Solea.  

P. Their abiding, is in most Seas, about England, etc.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Lingulaca. Saraulis. Sandalium.   
Sole. Aldrov. T. They are of a most sweet taste, and therefore compared to the Partridge. And are of a mean juice, Gal. and therefore are substituted to saxatile fishes: in sweetness and the quantity of aliment, and goodness of juice, they are better than the Plaise, but of more hard and solid flesh; they are easily concocted, and not excrementitious; but they are a little glutinous and of hard flesh, not being easily corrupted, and being long preserved: whereas all flesh first groweth tender, at length putrefieth by external heat; so insipid tastes, are first gentle and pleasant, and after troublesome by acrimony: So Xenocrates. they are best in the winter, and fried and eaten with the juice of oranges and pepper. Muff. They are good for sick people, and of few excrements. They are to be fried with parsley, butter, and verjuice, and sauced with oranges.   

Sprats. Chalcides.  

P. They are near the shores of England, and other places.  
M. Of the excrements of the Sea.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Sardina. Sardella.   
Sprats. Aldrov. Hices. Athen. T. They are squalid, lean, and not of copious aliment. V They help against the biting of the prester. Marcel. The powder of their heads helps against botches, and pains of the throat, as also against the swelling, stench and Canker of the gums. Bras. Taken before meat they loosen the belly as also other salt Fishes. So the head used as a suppository. Muff. They smell well when new and fresh; being like the River Smelled; but their flesh is queasy, corruptible, and aguish, especially in a weak stomach. They are worst being smoked or fried, indifferent sodden, and best broiled. Spurlings, Chalcides Majores, pickled like Anchovaes', exceed them; after Turner's way. The red cause appetite and help it: Apuae infumatae.   

Stargazer. Vranoscopus.  

P. Their abiding place is in the Seas.  
M. Of Flesh and unpleasant water.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Pulcher. Tapecon.   
Stargazer. T. Aelian. Some commend the Fish as edible: others deny it. Diph. They have an unpleasant smell and taste, or rankish. V Hypocrates useth them against white phlegm, diseases from obstruction, and the dropsy, as also the Dragon, Scorpion, and Cur, being most dry: Diosc. Therefore their galls are very useful in Physic, above the other, and help suffusions of the eyes, therefore some say it helped the eyes of Tobias. Plin. It helps cicatrices and consumeth supervacaneous flesh. With oil of roses it helps the ears, and Apollonius useth it with the slough of a Snake, and Bulls or Goat's gall. Jonst. They seldom exceed a foot in length, and look upwards, having a great head like Bulheads.   

Sturgian. Sturio.  

P. They live in the Sea and mouths of Rivers.  
M. They feed upon mud and excrements.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Aquipenser. Stora.   
Sturgian. Plin. T. It was counted the most noble of all Fishes. The female are best when full of spawn, and in fresh waters. They are of hard flesh, being fat and glutinous; so are hardly concocted, and engender thick juice, therefore they are not good for those that are sick or sickly. Albert. The liver is so sweet that without the gall it causeth nauseousness. Some also salted them. They are to be sod in water, white wine and vinegar, with a little salt. Their spawn with salt makes Caviar. Muff. The Fish is thought by Mr. Cogan to be of hard substance, not much better than Bacon or Brawn; sc. the old; but the young is preferred before other Fish, therefore Severus had it served up gilded, and attended with minstrels, and carolling. Galen affirms it to be of sweet, delicate and good nourishment. Cardanus Compareth it with Veal; but it is far better. Some commend the greater as the best, and the males living at the mouths of Rivers. H. they, especially the forepart, hurt those that are aguish, being fat, oily and soon converted into choler. They may be roasted if stuck with cloves, and eaten with Venison sauce, or they may be broiled and basted with oil and vinegar after salt; but it's best pickled being eaten with vinegar and sweet fennel. When cold being boiled as aforesaid, they are to be cut into Jouls & rands and so Barrelled up with Rhenish wine, wine vinegar, and Sea water for half a year: And then they are a light, toothsome, and good meat, for temperate stomaches, It's best for hot stomaches, young men, and in the summer time, then helping thirst, appetite, and heat, and yielding temperate and good nourishment. V Plin. The flesh cleareth the voice. Diosc. And applied salt it draweth out things fastened in the flesh. If stamped with Sandaracha it helps phagedens. The fomentation with the pickle helps dysenteries, drawing fluxions to the outward parts. Used in clysters it helps the Sciatica. It may be used in putrid ulcers of the mouth. Their fat helps kibes. Schrod. The bones are given in the running gout; so For. and discuss colic griefs. The rest Pliny affirmeth of the Silurus. Jonst. As to the description, Their body is betwixt round and broad, the head pyramidical, the mouth without teeth, eyes little, the belly is smooth and silver coloured, tongue thick and hard, throat rough, two fins before & backwards. And the tail divided, with scales towards the head; yet they swim fastest against the stream. Usually they are of a 100 pound weight, & are most strong in the water, breaking great stakes, etc.    

T.  

Tench. Tinca.  

P. They live in standing waters amongst reeds.  
M. They feed on the putrefaction of mud.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Tencha. Merula lacustris.   
TEnch. Aldrov. T. Their flesh is not unsweet; but it yields impure and illaudable aliment, and often hurtful; also Physicians count it feverish, feeding on, and living in dirty places: and they are hardly concocted and of bad juice. Muff. They are a muddy and slimy fish, as appeareth by the touch; therefore they are stopping, viscous, and very unwholesome. Gazius counteth a fried tench, a secret poison. Therefore Dr. Caius, called them good plasters; but bad nourishment. V For being laid to the soles of the feet, they often draw away the ague, but taken inwardly H. they cause palsies, stop the lungs, putrify in the stomach, & cause many diseases, being of hard digestion, heavy to the stomach, and causing apoplexies, Yet hot and labouring men may eat them. They are best in jelly of strong wine and spices. Gesn. Ancient Physicians used them to ease the pains of the head and limbs. They help the jaundice, applied alive to the liver or navel. The gall is used with remedies against the pain of the ears, helping fluxions and kill worms. Schrod. The fish dissected and applied to the pulses and feet, cooleth burning fevers, and serves to divert pestilent poisons, so also in the pains of the head or joints. The ashes help the whites. The stone found in the head operats as that of the carp. Aldrov. That of the Sea, Tinca marina, is not a sweet fish, it is soft enough; but not friable, easily concocted, but excrementitious: being fried or broiled, they are less ungrateful to the , than when boiled.   

Thornback. Raia.  

P. They live and abide in dirty places of the Sea.  
M. They live upon fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Thalis. Rubus piscis. Rex. Papilio.   
Thornback. Muff. T. It's of a pleasant taste; but of a stronger smell than Skate, and over moist to nourish much; yet increasing lust. Hipp. It helps long consumptions. The liver is very sweet and of great nourishment, as appears by its taste and consistence. The liver is good sodden; but the flesh is best broiled after seething to consume the watrishness. Gal. They are harder, more hard of concoction and more nourishment, than the Crampfish or Fork-fish. If boiled they loosen the belly; Yet the Hollanders eat them so with butter, vinegar, and mustard. They are best in winter. V Plin. The gall with wine helps the ears, also the itch. The Stellate Ray is less hard, and of less ill juice, than the Smooth.   

Trout. Trutta.  

P. They live, not only in the Sea but Rivers.  
M. Of the excrements of the water, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Aurata. Variolus.   
Trout. Aldrov. T. Is equal to any fish, that liveth in fresh waters. Those of lakes are more fat than the fluviatile, some commend them chiefly in April and May, and they are worse in October, breeding then. They are to be eaten fresh, soon putrifying. Gesn. Their fat applied with a sponge helps the piles, etc. Muff. Both the Salmon and grey trout are very pleasant, and good for sound persons, but in agues they are not comparable to the Perch, they are best if sodden like a bream and eaten hot, for if cold they lose much of their grace, and more of their goodness.   

Tunie. Thunnus.  

P. Their living is in the Mediterranean Sea.  
M. Of Weeds, Acorns, and Fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cordyla. Auxus. Pelamides. Orcynus.   
Tunie. Muff. T. They are best when leanest, sc. At the fall and dead of Winter. When at the best, they are unsavoury, cloying an indifferent stomach, and engendering most gross and superfluous moistures. As Porpesses must be baked when new, so Tunie is never good till powdered with Salt, Vinegar, Coriander, and hot spices. They live not above 2. years, waxing so fat, that their bellies break, and of the fat than is made Traine-oile for Clothiers. Aldrov. They are sweet and hard of concoction. Diph. They nourish much. Xenoc. Oribas. They are unfit for the stomach, of evil juice, flatulent, hardly evacuated, and generate crude humours. Myreps. They hurt those that have the gout. Tral. And the Epileptic: Gal. Having a thick and tenacious juice. The lesser are more tender. Mnesith. They are best roasted their fat being so drawn away. Platina seasoneth them with Pepper, Cinnamon, and Coriander stamped, boiled Onions, honey and oil. Some commend the belly, throat, head, and tail as the best. V Plin. The blood, gall, and liver are Psilothrons'. Gal. Some use the blood with the juice of henbane. Card. It being cold and gross. The fat helps ulcers. The ashes of the head, help pustuls of the privities. Diosc. The old flesh helps the bitings, of the Prester; drinking much of it, and drinking much wine after it. Applied it helps the bitings of Dogs. Plin. The Cybium stamped helps the toothache; purgeth the belly, bringeth forth phlegm and choler, and helps eating and putrifying ulcers. Jonst. Plin. As for the description they are a slippery Fish, having great scales so joined, that they seem to be without them. They live 2. years. They copulate in February. They are swift, and sleep in the deep. They see best with the right eye.    

V  

Umber. Vmbra.  

P. They live, in sandy places, in the salt and fresh water.  
M. They are carnivorous.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Vmbrina. Ovis Marina. Sciadeus.   
UMber. Aldrov. T. At Rome it's counted a well tasted & noble fish: And is best and fattest in the dog-days, & then the head is the best. Salu. Being any way seasoned they are sweet; if stuck with cloves and roasted, being often sprinkled with oil, they are more sweet and pleasant. Jovius counteth them of the nature of Sturgians. They are not so soft as saxatile fishes; yet Xenocrates, saith they are of good juice, easy digestion, pleasant taste, and not of much nutriment, Salu. yet not excrementitious. V Plin. The intestines and scales burned discuss the panni. The stones in the head help the colic. Muff. They have a dry and whitish flesh, like that of Grey Trout, being of the like substance, quality, and goodness, and needing no other preparation. The belly is preferred, it's soon concocted, spermatogenetick, and helps young hot stomaches, they weigh 60. pound, and swim like a shadow.   

Urchin. Echinus.  

P. Their abiding and living is in the Seas.  
M. Their meat is not observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Carduus marinus. Piscis spinosus.   
Urchin. Jonst. T. The ashes of the shells help sordid ulcers; if stamped and applied they compress luxuriant flesh, Rond. they help running ulcers of the head. Aet. And abortion. Paul. Jou. They help the dropping of urine. Hipp. Their stones expel the secundine, being drunk in sweet wine. The ashes with Hogs fat or that of Bares, helps the alopecia. They are so full of prickles, that they cannot be held, therefore some call them the Sea Thistles. Aristotle saith, that being cut asunder their parts will join again. In tempests they poise themselves with sand.    

W.  

Whale. Cetus.  

P. They live in the large Seas, about Greenland, etc.  
M. They live upon fishes, especially Herrings.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cete. Pistrix. Bellua marina.   
WHale. Aldrov. T. Their flesh is the hardest of all fishes, difficultly concocted, excrementitious, of evil juice, as also all other cetacious creatures, as Dolphins, Sea Calves, and great Tunies, etc. Therefore they are to be eaten salted: For being crude they engender abundance of raw humours. They are fat also, relax the ventricle, and cause nausiousnesse. The Ichthyophagi made bread of their flesh, and houses, etc. of their bones. The flesh is better boiled then roasted, especially, with wine, vinegar, parsley, hyssop, and organy, or onions, leeks, and anet. Muff. The livers of the Balaenae as also of Sturgians and Dolphins, smell like violets, taste pleasantly salted, and competently nourish; so Card. yet Galen saith they have an ungrateful and mucous taste, and melancholy; but the greater are not edible. Schrod. The stone Manat helps the stone and colic, the D. in drach. 1. Jonst. They generate like quadrupeds, and see and hear slowly.   

Whiteing. Oniscus.  

P. They live, in the deepest places of the Sea.  
M. Of fishes, which they take by craft.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Albula, Mollicula. Bacchus.   
Whiteing. Muff. T. All physicians allow them for a light, wholesome, and good meat, not denying them to sick persons, and much commending them to such as are in health: they are good sodden with salt and time, and their livers are very restorative, more than of other fishes: They are good also broiled and dried like Stockfish; but are then better to dry up rheum, than to nourish.    

Y.  

Yards. Colybdaenae.  

P. They live in the Seas, and salt waters.  
M. Their nutriment is shell-fish.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Mentula marina. Cauda marina.   
YArds. Gal. T. Are as agreeable to weak stomaches as Crabs, Shrimps, and Crevices: the flesh nourisheth much, is light of concoction, and increaseth nature.   

Fishes less used in Meat, or Medicine.  
ALderling. Apium. Muff. T. The flesh being well sod smelleth like wild parsley, and is of indifferent good nourishment, and provoketh urine: they are betwixt a Trout and a Grailing, and lie ever in deep water under some old and great Alder.  
Blacktaile. Melanurus. Athen. T. Was counted a poor fish; Hipp. And is bad for the 3d. kind of tabes. Yet Xenocrates saith its good for the stomach, of good juice, easily digested, nourishing much, and not difficultly evacuated. Diphilus makes them equal to the Guilt-head, if living in petrose places. They may be broiled or fried. Kiran. If broiled they sharpen the sight, the broth helps the colic.  
Codfish. Piscis Capellanus. Asellus medius. Muff. T. Is of a tender flesh; but not so dry and firm as the whiting, and is a great Sea whiting, called also a Keeling or Melwel. They have a bladder in them full of spawn, which the northern people call the Kelk, and count dainty. They have also a glewish substance at the end of their stomach called a swoon, more pleasant than good, the toughest Fish-glew being made thereof. When fresh the head lips and  are best, being light though slimy.  
Gaberdine. Muff. Asellus Islandicus. T. Is an Island Cod, bigger somewhat than ours, and firmer.  
Haddocks. Aselluli. Muff. T. Are little Cod, of light substance, crumbling flesh and good nourishment, in the summer time, especially when Venison is in season.  
Hakes, Aselluli longi. Muff. T. are of the same nature, resembling a Cod in taste; but a Ling in likeness.  
Harp-fish. Lyra. Rond. T. Hath a hard and dry flesh; yet sweet enough; if eaten boiled with vinegar. Salu. They may be fried and eaten with the juice of an Orang, but they are better boiled.  
Ling. Asellus. Muff. T. is counted the beef of the Sea, and nothing else but a long Cod: wherefore the greater are called Organ Ling, and the other Cod Ling; whilst new it's called Greenfish, and Ling when salted, called so by lying, being the better if in peas-straw. They are taken in the fare Northern Seas; but Cod Ling near Bedwell in Northumberland shire.  
Liver-fish. Hepatus. Gal. T. is of a mean flesh. They may be fried, or boiled. If boiled in white broth they are easily concocted. V Kiran. The liver stamped and applied helps all tumors and the gout. The ashes of the head help old and eating ulcers. The gall drunk with Melicrate helps those that are hepatick; yet Athenaeus denyeth they have any.  
Loche. Locha. Muff. T. They are very light and of excellent nourishment; they have a flesh like liver and a red spleen, which are delicate in taste, and as wholesome in operation. They are good for Childbearing Women.  
Mother of Pearl. Mater perlarum. Schrod. Besides the virtues of shellfish, they have a cordial virtue, some use them as an antefebrile.  
Mole. Mola. Aldrov. T. The whole Fish is of a ferine savour, and very unpleasant, the flesh is like that of a Centrine, the hardest of all fishes, and of evil juice; but the liver is tender and not insipid if fried, and sprinkled with the juice of Oranges and Pepper they are desired by many, so Salu. The fat is used in lights; but smelleth ill, so Rond. The same fat helps the pains of the joints and contraction, or rigour of the nerves. Applied with meal it helps suppuration. It helps hard swell of the liver or other parts, with storax. The teeth burnt may be used in steed of spodium.  
Miller's thombs Capitones. Muff. T. Are very sweet, tender: and wholesome, especially when with spawn; their eggs being many, and fat, and yielding good nourishment: and though Albertus counteth their flesh hard, yet it never putrefieth, and is well digested; they are a kind of joltheaded gudgeons.  
Minoes, Apuae cobitae Gesn. Aliniatae Caii. Phoxini Bell. T. Are a most delicate and light meat either fried or sodden, their gall being well taken out. They are less than Loches and feed by licking one an other, Gesner thinks they are engendered of the waste sperm of Gudgeons; and others, out of an unknown matter. They have their name from minium, their fins being red.  
Nun-fish. Monachae. Muff. T. Are a wholesome and delicate meat, as any Periwinkle. They feed upon sweet mud sticking to ship-sides. They creep out of their shell like a Sea Snail, but straightly. Their face is white, their head covered with a black veil like the Nuns of Saint Bridgets Order, so had the name.  
Old-wives. Vetulae. Muff. T. are dainty and wholesome of substance, and large in body. They may be boiled with salt, wine, and vinegar, and a little time; and so are white, firm, dainty, and wholesome.  
Peacock-fish. Pavo. Aldrov. T. Is an insipid and ignoble fish. The flesh is fat and gentle. Being broiled they are less unpleasant, if eaten with vinger, or juice of Oranges.  
Puffins. Anates marini. Muff. They are called Feathered fishes, and may be as well called flesh as fish.  
Quawiners. Aranei marini. Muff. T. Are unwholesome for indifferent stomaches; though the poor Orcadians eat them for hunger; yet they are crafty fishes.  
Roughtaile. Trachurus. Diocl. T. is a dry fish, Gal. And engendereth thick juice; but if broiled or roasted and put into vinegar they are more pleasant.  
Swallow-fish. Hirundo. Salu. T. Hath hard flesh, and therefore hardly concocted; yet nourishing much when concocted. They are better boiled than broiled; and Rondeletius saith they are like the Mullet, in flesh and juice.  
Stockfish. Asellus aridus. Muff. T. The Stillyard merchants lay it 24. hours in strong lie, and then as long again in warm waters, after, they boil it in abundance of butter, and so serve it in with Pepper and salt, which way it is most nourishing, being made tender, moist, and warm. Whilst unbeaten its called Buckhorn, and Stockfish after.  
Swordfish. Gladius. Aldrov. T. Is a very fat fish, in the back like a Hog. The flesh is dry, hardly concocted; but nourisheth much if well concocted, as also all other great Fishes. Sym. Seth. They are of bad juice, hardly concocted and naufeous; but if eaten, they are to be corrected with sharp sauces, drinking old and thin wine afterwards; but if young they are better, and Jovius compareth them with Sturgian. Muff. They are much whiter and pleasanter in taste than Tuny.  
Suckstone. Remora. Aldrov. T.U. They hinder venery and abortion. They are said also by their magnetic virtue to stop ships.  
Sea Serpent. Serpens marinus. Bell. T. Is edible. V Plin. With Lily roots they help the incontinency of urine.  
Sea Hawk. Aquila marina. Aldrov. T. Hath a very moist and soft flesh, but Philotimus saith its hard. Bell. And rank, therefore it's to be eaten with alliate sauce. Salu. It's an unpleasant Fish, and not sweet, and therefore eaten only by poor people.  
Shads. Triches. Clupeaes. Muff. T. Have a tender and pleasant flesh; but in some months they are full of bones, and so, daingerous to be eaten. They nourish much, especially those of the Severn, being less viscous, and not so hypnotick. They are best in May, june, and July, being then fullest of flesh, and freest from bones.  
Sticklebacks, Hackles: or Harry ban, Pungitii, Spinachiae. Muff. T. Are naught and unwholesome, yet they serve better to quench hunger, than to nourish. Some think they are engendered of the miscarrying sperm of other fishes, and others of mud or rain putrified.  
Thrush-fish. Turdus. Athen. T. They are very difficultly concocted; yet Pliny counteth them good. Gal. They are soft, tender, friable, of good juice, easily concocted, and fit for those that are either well or sick. Tral. Or the pleuritic, and epileptic, being without excrement. Gariopont. or hidropick. Aet. or troubled with the colic from pituitous and cold humours. Salvian Used them for the sick, boiled in water, or white broth. And fried them for such as were well. Platina broiled them, and eat them with mustard.  
Alphestes. Rond. T. Is of the same flesh and substance as other saxatile fishes. sc. tender, soft, friable and not glutinous. Their broth looseneth the belly. They are good fried: or they may be prepared with salt, meal, and boiled in oil. When cold they may be eaten with the juice of Oranges. They are a good food for the sick, being easily concocted, and engendering temperate blood. Their gems, by their colour presage the tranquillity of the Sea, etc. Kiran. And are used in Philtra's they are called Opisiani and draconisii.  
Anthias'. Aldrov. T. is sweet, a little astringent, of much nourishment, hardly evacuated, and the more carnose, terrestrial, and less fat are most nourishing: Kiran. The gall, applied with honey helps bushes and makes a florid countenance; but the fat helps carbuncles, swell, schrophulas, do●hiens and the steatomata. Their stones worn help all passions of the head and neck.  
Atherina. Rond. T. Is dry enough, and of pleasant taste. Kiran. Their broth looseneth the belly, and helpeth the reins.  
Amia. Archip. T. Is sweet and delicate. Archest. They are best in Autumn. Hices. They are of good juice, tender, of mean excretion, nourishing little. Archest. They may be roasted under embers in Fig leaves, with Organy.  
Albus. Aldrov. T. Hath hard flesh, and is therefore hardly concocted, it is so insipid that it's counted the worst of Fishes, neither can it be made well tasted, by any cookery; yet torrefied its more pleasant; but it's used when there are no other Fishes, so Salu.  
Blatta Bizantina. Vnguis odoratus. Schrod. T. The shell smelleth like castoreum. V Used inwardly, it looseneth the belly, softeneth the spleen, and discusseth vicious humours: outwardly suffumigated it helps the strangulation of the womb, and Epilepsy, and worketh the same effects, as others shells.  
Concha. Jonst. T. The flesh is often eaten crude or broiled by the Indians, the shells serve for many purposes. Schrod. They dry, provoke sweat, and cleanse, etc. Therefore they are used inwardly in fevers outwardly they are used in dentifrices abstersorie, and the piles: hereof is made Crollius his antefebrile, which provoketh sweat abundantly, given before the fit, especially against tertians, if iterated, the D. is Scrup. 1. sem. to drach. 1. It may be given in a warm draught of beer with a little butter. The flesh helps quartans.  
Cannes. Bell. T. Hath a tender flesh; but harder than the Perch, so Diph. Therefore it's of good juice, and not uneasily concocted; it's insipid, Salu. And therefore slighted. It may be dressed as the Perch and other Saxatile fishes. Xenoc. When fried they are pleasant; but hurtful to the stomach.  
Chromis. Rond. T. It's a pitiful Fish; yet that of Bellonius is good. And Hicesius reckoneth them so.  
Cantharus. Xenoc. T. Is pleasant, of good juice, nourishing much, and being easily digested loosening the belly, but this rather agreeth to the Fish Citharus: Rond. This being too soft, moist and bad. If boiled it looseneth the belly. If fried, or sod with Saffron, Cinnamon, Pepper, Ginger, Onions and Oil, or dried its better.  
Citharus. Gal. T. Is of a mean flesh, Xenoc. ungrateful to the stomach, engendering bad juice, and not easily corrupted. It's good broiled.  
Corax. Athen. T. Hath a hard flesh; but not contemptible.  
Catulus. Aldrov. T. The flesh is hard, viscid, and virulent: the greatest are best.  
Centrina. Aldrov. T. Hath a nervous flesh, viscous and glutinous, unsweet, and rank. So it's hardly concocted, and of bad juice, the liver is tender but unpleasant, yielding an oil when fried. V This mollifieth the liver, Rond. And strengtheneth it, especially with astringents. And helps arthritick pain. Applied with honey it helps suffusions. The skin serves to polish withal. The ashes cleanse and dry running ulcers of the head and provoke urine.  
Caper. Salu. T. Hath a hard and unpleasant flesh, and is more hardly concocted than the Citharus.  
Conchylium. Jonst. T. V All the parts are used in Medicine. ; it's of the same effect as the Purple and Buccinum. Gal. The flesh with other things helps the ears.  
Chama. Jonst. T. The flesh is hard, Diph. But it causeth copious and good juice.  
Dentalium and Entalium. Schrod. T. V Both are as yet but little used, and not but in the Citrine ointment; but it's probable they may be used in the like cases, as other shell-fish.  
Faber. Rond. T. Hath a less hard flesh, than the Turbot. Salvian counteth it tender enough and friable, easily concocted, and of good juice enough, therefore they are reckoned amongst wholesome Fishes, also sweet, and noble Fish. Salu. They are to be fried and irrorated with the juice of Oranges, or boiled in water, and a like quantity of wine with oil, salt, sweet herbs, and spices.  
Farra. Aldrov. T. Hath a white and sweet flesh, not inferior to that of Trout.  
Gobergus. Aldrov. T. Hath a harder flesh, than the Fish Afinus, and less glutinous than molva: if steeped in water, or beaten, they are eaten by poor rustics.  
Glaucus. T. Arist. they are always a like good. The head is the best. Mnesith. They are hardly concocted, and after yield much aliment. Trall. They help the colic, Gal. And those that are stomachick. V Plin. Taken in broth they cause milk, and the liver helps warts.  
Huso, Ichthiocolla. Schrod. T. The glue drieth, filleth and a little softeneth. It's used in jellies: boiled with white Sugar it becometh white, and is called mouth glue. It's made by boiling the dissected parts in warm water, to the consistence of a poultice. Albert. The flesh of Huso in the back, tastes like Veal, the belly like Porck, and when fresh, is very sweet. The eggs serve to make Caviar of.  
Ichthiocolla. Rond. T. Is sweet and glutinous. Plin. It helpeth night Weals, and smootheth the skin Drunk, it helps the Lethargy. It serves to glue instruments withal.  
Hippurus. Aldrov. T. Hath a sweet, fat, and hard flesh.  
Julis. Gal. T. Is a saxatile Fish, having a tender and friable flesh, as the rest, and fit for sick persons. They may be fried, or sod in white broth. V Diosc. The broth looseneth the belly, Plin. And provoketh urine; so that of all Fishes.  
Lupus. Aldrov. T. The Ancients placed them next the Sturgian. Rond. The liver broiled and seasoned with the juice of Oranges is most delicate, the best are taken in the Sea. Xenoc. The best is the middle sized, being tender, of good juice, sweet, pleasant to the stomach, nourishing much, of easy distribution, and soon evacuated. They are good boiled any may, or in white broth. with spices they cause venery. V Marcel. Applied they help hard swell. The stones in their heads help the hemicrania, and nephritis. The gall applied with honey sharpens the sight, and helps their spots. The spawn helps the stomach.  
Lavaretus. Aldrov. T. The flesh is white, soft, sweet, not glutinous, of good juice, and of mean nourishment.  
Loligo. Jonst. T. is edible, both broiled and roasted. V Gal. They help those that are stomachick. Marcel. Broiled they help the tormina.  
Lepus marinus, or Sea Hare. Jonst. T. V They are reckoned amongst the Psilothrons'. Archig. The blood applied with wool helps the Aegylops. Plin. The blood used warm and fresh helps the gout. The antidote is black Hellebore, Ass' milk, and the decoction of mallows.  
Mormyrus. Athen. T. nourisheth much; yet Salvian, and Rondeletius deny it, having a soft flesh, very moist, lutulent, and insipid, they are good with vinegar and oil, being broiled.  
Membras. Aldrov. T. yields a moist and flatulent aliment.  
Molva. Rond. T. They are better when fresh, than when salted or dried. Their flesh being then glutinous, the thin humour being then evacuated. Some make the Fish glue of the intestines hereof.  
Murex. Xenoc. T. If salted they are virouse, trouble the belly, provoke urine, are unpleasant, hardly concocted, and cause phlegm. Yet Celsus and Scribonius Largus count them acceptable to the stomach. V The flesh applied helps hairs on the Dugs. the ashes of the shells with oil help tumors. With honey they help ulcers of the head, cleanse spots in the face, help swell behind the ears, and are used in dentifrices. Marcel. They help carbuncles in the privities.  
Musculus. Jonst. T. The marine yield good nourishment, those in sweet water have hard flesh, and are hardly concocted, and of bad juice. V They provoke urine. The marine with oil help tumors and pains of the ankles. Gesn. The aquatile help wests in the eyes of cattle. sc. The ashes with ginger and vitriol.  
Nasus. Aldrov. T. The flesh is white and lose, and full of little bones. They are best in the spring; & broiled, rather than boiled.  
Orphus. Athen. T. They are of good and much juice, glutinous, hardly corrupted, nourishing much, and provoking urine. The parts about the head are glutinous, and easily concocted; but the carnose are hardly concocted, and more heavy; yet the tail is more tender. Trál. They help bilious pains of the eyes: also the colic and diabates.  
Orphidion. Rond. T. The flesh is white and hard, like that of the Dragon, and with rue helps the incontinency of urine.  
Pagrus. Sym. Seth. T. Is hardly concocted, and causeth phlegm Hicef. They are sweet, astringent, sufficiently nutritive and hardly evacuated; but the carnose, more terrene, and less fat, are more nutritive.  
Pigus. Aldrov. T. In taste and juice, they are like the Carp, Rond. But somewhat better. Salu. The flesh is tender, and sapid, it's best in the beginning of summer.  
Pinna. Nakre. Jonst. T. V They provoke urine, and are difficultly concocted and distributed. Wot. They are best when tender, full, and carnose, young, and in the summer. The Mean have a soft, white, and sweet flesh, in wine they are flatulent.  
Pompilus. Aldrov. T. Is thought to have the same use in meat, as the Tunie.  
Scarus. Aldrov. T. Is of a soft and friable flesh; yet Celsus counteth it hard. Trallianus commendeth it in the Epilepsy, and Aetius in the colic. Gal. V The gall helps suffusions of the eyes, so the liver eaten, and the Parotides.  
Sphyraena. Rond. T. Is white, sweet, hard and dry; yet some what friable, and like the flesh of Asellus.  
Sargus. Epicharm. T. They are sapid, and pleasant, of good juice, easily digested, & nourishing much. They are good broiled, with cheese and vinegar. Gariopont. They help the Dropsy. The teeth help the toothache.  
Sparus. Diph. T. Is sharp, of tender flesh, acceptable to the stomach, diuretic, and not hardly concocted, except fried. Salu. It's of a middle flesh.  
Scorpaena. Aldrov. T. That living in pure water is not unpleasant, they may be eaten fried.  
Smaris. Hesyc. They are very good Fishes; Aeg. V. The head helps the Alopecia. Diosc. The ashes help ulcers of the mouth, and corns: the flesh helps bitings of Scorpions, and Dogs. With Ptisan they cause milk in nurses. Applied they help warts, and pustuls of the privities.  
Saurus. Philot. T. Hath soft flesh. Gal. or mean and sweet. It may be eaten broiled or boiled.  
Scolopax. Aldrov. T. Is of good juice, and easy concoction, like the Fish Pagrus.  
Salmerinus. Aldrov. T. Is tender, fat, quickly putrifying, not viscid, but friable, and of good juice, easily concocted.  
Sarachus. Salu. T. Is a good Fish, not easily concocted, of thickish juice, and meanly nutritive. Their oil serves, for Lamps.  
Solen. Jonst. T. The flesh is sweet; they may be eaten fried or boiled.  
Trochi. Jonst. T. eaten crude with onions, they cause appetite.  
Umbla. Aldrov. T. Is sweet, dry, and hard when old. They are best about November and December their eggs being then good and solid.  
Zygaena. Aldrov. T. Hath a hard and unpleasant flesh. Aeg. Mucous, excrementitious and of ill juice.  
Pholas. Jonst. T. V Athen. They are pleasant to the palate; but of evil juice, and virouse. They live in hollow places, and so amongst stones, that they can hardly be perceived, and are then nourished by the water through a narrough passage. As for their description, they consist of two shells, which are long, and roundish. Their flesh within is almost like that of Mussels. They are generated by the appulse of the Sea water, in the hollowness of stones, and are so turned into shel-fishes, and retain the figure of their cabins.  
Lepas seu Patella. Jonst. T. V They are eaten raw by fisher men: if boiled, they are more easily concocted, especially if not boiled too much. The broth looseneth the belly. They are used also to catch Fish withal; a superstitious example whereof may be seen in the fore mentioned author. As for their description, they stick unto stones, their mouth is towards the earth, and the passage for evacuation of their excrements is upwards. Their shells are of an ash colour, they have horns like a Snail, as also a head and mouth like thereunto. They are great or little, as to their differences.  
Tajasica. Marcg. T. V Being boiled and roasted, it tasteth well, and is of a very white and friable flesh.  
Paru. T. V Jonst. Is edible, so Pira Acangata, Acarauna, Pranema, Acarapucu, Pudiano vermetho, Pudiano verde, Juruucupeba, Jaguaruca, Carauna, Cururuca, Guatacuba Juba, Pira Jurumenbeca, Tamoata, Acara Pinima, Uubarana, Capeuna, Acarapitamba, Jaguacaguare, Tareira d'Alto, Tareira de Rio, Piratiapia, Ceixupira, Piquitinga, Guaracapema, Miivipera, Guaibi Coara, Guaperua, Piraqu, Pirhanha, Amore Guacu, Guacari, Pirambu, Acaraia, Acara, Guaru-Guaru, Cucupu-Guacu, Maturaque, Carapo, Piaba, Piabucu, Nhaquunda, Amore Pixuma, Amore Tinga, Guara Tereba, Piacoaba, Corocoro, Guatucusa, Uribaco, Camaripuguacu, Piratia Pua, Curema, Aramaca, which are scaled, and edible: The smooth are, Petimbuaba, Nhambdia, Curuata Pinima, Mucu, Abacatuaia, Timucu, Guebucu, Bagre, Jabebirete, Niqui. Those that are not altogether smooth and edible are, Guamaiacu Attinga, Narinari, Tiburonis: as also Pisces Anthropomorphos, Axototl; Michipillin, Amilotl. These are the useful, more strange, exotic Fishes; used in meat: but as to Medicine, very little or nothing is mentioned, as to their use.   

Zoophyts or Plantanimals.  
JOnst. They are called Vrticae, T. Which are edible; yet were formerly forbid by Pythagoras to his Scholars, they provoking venery: Aristotle, commends them much after the Hiemall Equinoctial: now, they are usually put upon a spit, and so roasted, being made warm in water & salt; then they sprinkle them with meal, and fry them with butter and oil: according to Xenocrates, they are pleasant to the mouth, but ungrateful to the stomach; but Diphilus saith they are eustomachick, but preferreth the roasted before those that are boiled. They loosen the belly, and provoke urine more. With mulse wine, they are easily concocted and evacuated. V As for Medicine, some say, that being drunk in wine, they help those that are troubled with the stone: Gal. Jonst. With vinegar of squils they are a Psilothron. As for their general description, they have a mouth in the midst of them, which is more visible in those that are greater; so Aristot. They have no excrements in them, and herein they are like roots. They live, and are generated in divers places. Some of them always stick unto stones: others that are more perfect and lose, delight in the shores and plain places. They live upon fishes and flesh, which they often take. They are generated as shellfish. They catch fishes by contracting themselves, and when before them extending themselves, and so holding them as in reeds. In the night they seek shel-fishes. When they are touched they contract themselves, and send forth a great heat.  
Pulmo marinus. T. Is of the like nature, etc. The decoction of which is commended by Physicians. V They serve as a Psilothron, the powder applied mightily purgeth fluxes. Boiled in water it helps the stone. A stick rubbed therewith will seem to burn. In the Sea they are full of water, and out of it are empty. They remain amongst stones and reeds.  
Tethyia. T. If red is edible, the pale and subluteous are bitterish. Xenoc. They yield much nourishment. V They help the tormina and inflations, tenesmus and vices of the reins, eaten they ease the pains of the sides. They help the sciatica, and superior venture with rue, and the cachexy with rue and honey. They are in the Ocean near France amongst the Sea Moss, and Sea Herbs: their covering is betwixt a crust and a skin, they stick unto stones and are without excrements. There are others mentioned by Jonston, as the malum granatum, fungus marinus, pyrum, penna marina. cucumber marinus, malum insanum, manus marina, & uva marina, which are of little or no use.     

OPHIOLOGIA, Of Serpents.  

A.  

Adder. Coluber.  

P. In Hedges, Brakes, and Ditches, and other places.  
M. They live upon Mice, and Frogs, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Colubra. Gall. Colenure. Ital. Scorsoni, Hisp. Culebra.   
ADder. Tops. T. They are hotter that Snakes, and therefore live more in the shadows. V Plin. The water wherein they have been preserved alive, helps against the poison of a Toad: Also they, or Vipers being put into a pot, with the Scrape of vines and so burnt to ashes, help Wens or the King's evil. Pliny affirmeth also that the fat or gall preserveth from the Crocodile. H. As for their biting, it is very daingerous, presently causing swoon, tumors, and mutation of colour: these are the signs. R. But the remedy is white wine, aqua vitae, treacle and Mithridate, with scarification. Their description is needless they being well known. They lie round, and cast their skin by sliding through a narrow passage, after fasting. They lay down their poison when drinking.   

Ammodyte. Ammodytes.  

P. In Lybia, Italy, and Illyria, in the Sand.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Ammodyta. Centrites. Centria. Monoceros.   
Ammodyte. Matth. T. They are very venomous: and their harms not inferior to the stinging and poison of Asps; some dying thereof within three hours after the wound received, else quickly after the blood issueth forth abundantly, and the wound swelleth, afterwards all is turned into matter, and then followeth dulness in the head, and distraction in the mind: they never live above 7. days, so Jonst. and those die first that are hurt by the female, they by their biting infusing a vehement pain, which causeth swelling, and therefore to run: thus for the signs: Aet. The remedy is treacle drunk and applied, and attractive plasters, with scarification, binding the upper parts hard, and lancing the sore, drinking water with rungwort, gourds, castorium and cassia. Avic. Also Cinnamon, the root of Centory, hartwort, and the juice of the root of gentian; also a plaster of honey sod and dried, to pounded, with the roots of Pomegranates, Centory, the seed of Flax and Lettuce, and wild Rue. As for the description, they have a hard wart like a borne upon the upper chap, the head is longer and greater than the Vipers, and the chaps wider; yet they may be termed a kind of Vipers. They are very fierce, of a cubit's length, with divers black spots on the skin, and small lines on the back.   

Asp. Aspis.  

P. In Africa and Spain in dry places.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Sacer Coluber Propert. Hypnalis.   
Asp. Mercur. T. V They are not used in Medicine; By reason of their poison. The Females by't with 4. teeth, and the Males with two, infusing their poison. The Ptyas kills by spitting, smell or touch, the wound is hardly discovered, the poison piercing inwardly and the pricks, not being much greater than the prickings of a needle, without all swelling, and a very little blood issueth forth, and that black, afterwards the eyes grow dark and heavy, with pain all over the body, yet with some sense of pleasure; the colour groweth green, & the fore head wrinkled, with stupidity, gaping, and the convulsion. Those that are hurt by the Ptyas, have blindness, pain in the heart, deafness and swelling of the face. The hurt of the Chalidonian Asp is known by the often beating of the pulse, frigidity, pain in the stomach, deep sleep and vomiting. These are the signs: so theirs is the worst of all poisons, death presently following. The cure is by incision, cauteries, cupping glasses, and cocks rumps applied, also by dilatation, scarification Mercur: and rue, etc. and against the congelation, Mithridate, treacle, and Aqua vitae, with fomentation, friction, and exercise; but when the wound groweth purple, green, or black, showing extinction, and suffocation, the part is to be cut off, after cupping glasses and scarification, applying century, myrrh, and opium, or sorrel plasterwise, with motion, and fomentation with Sea-water, or yew leaves with butter, and a plaster of bran. Vomiting also is good, drinking juice of yew with treacle, or Wine, Garlick, Opopanax, Organic, bearded Thapsia, Gillyflowers, red Violets, and avens boiled in Wine vinegar. Using unc. 3. at a time. So Par. Aet. Also a good draught of the sharpest vinegar. Some use Garlick and stolen Ale, or Aniseeds. Some use Hartwort, Parsly-seed, and Wine: or Aron drunk with Oil of Bays in black Wine; the stomach may be helped by the fruit of Balsam, the powder of Gentian, or juice of Mints, so Castorium, with Lignum cassiae, and the skin of a Storks maw, or cimexes: also Citrons, Egyptian Periwinkle drunk in Vinegar, red Coral in wine, henbane, bitter hops, and the urine of a man or Tortise. Matth. Diosc. So the quintessence of Aqua vitae. As for the description, they are like Land Snakes, but brother in the back. Their eyes are in their temples. Their teeth are long, & full of holes, which are covered with a skin, that slideth up when they by't, and letteth out the poison. Their scales are hard dry and red. The Ptyas is about 2. cubits long, the Chersen of the earth five. The Chelidonian one, and the shortest killeth soon. The last resembleth the Swallow, and liveth in the water. The Ptyas is of an ash colour, flaming like gold and greenish. The Chersen is green. Their voice is hissing like all other Serpents. They live as it were in marriage, revenge injuries, and are enemies to the Ichneumon.    

B.  

Boas. Boam.  

P. They have been taken, in Senega, and Italy.  
M. They live upon Cow's milk and Cattle.  
N. Bova. Anguis Caprimulgus. Ital. Serpeda de aqua.   
BOas. Fest. T. V The poison causeth tumors and swell in the body. As for the description; they go upon their belly, and grow to be above an 100 foot long: and kill not cattle till they are dry, and then they eat them, destroying whole herds.    

C.  

Cockatrice. Regulus.  

P. In Africa, as also in other places.  
M. Of Frogs, Serpents, and other creatures.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Pethen. Ch. Armene. Sibulus.   
COckatrice. Tops. T. Their poison is hot, venomous, and infecteth the air round about; so that no other creature can live by him; he killing by his hissing, sight, and touch, both mediately and immediately, having an universal poison, yielding a burning fume, and therefore, they burn up the grass where they go (which showeth their dens). Their sight killeth men, the beams thereof corrupting the visible spirit. Their biting turneth the blood into choler, causeth yellowness, and after the flesh falleth off. V The powder of the flesh is said to give silver the tincture of gold. As for the description. They go half upright, and have a comb like a Cock: they are feared by all other Serpents, when seen or heard. Some say they are bred of the egg of Ibis the bird, others of that of a Cock, arising from the concretion of sperm and putrifying heat. They hate Weasels and Cocks.    

D.  

Dart. Sagitta.  

P. In Lybia, Rhodes, Lemnus, Italy, and Sicilia.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Jacularis. Jaculus. Serpens volans.   
DArt. Matth. T. Their poison causeth present death. Aet. Avic. The cure of their bitings, if there be any at all is the same which cureth that of the Viper. V The gall hereof, which lieth betwixt the back and the liver, mixed with the Scythian stone; yields a very good eye salve. As for the description. They are about 3. or 4. foot long; and gain their prey, by leaping in spires on passengers, though 20. cubits distant.   

Dipsas. Dipsas.  

P. Near Waters, and salt Marshes, in Africa and Arabia.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Causon. Situla. Melanurus. Ammoatis.   
Dipsas. Gal. T. Their poison is very fiery: in so much that those that are bitten by them are intolerably thirsty, and drink till the belly breaketh, other Symptoms are like those of the bitings of the Viper: also the patient cannot make water; vomit, or sweat. The signs of death following are, great thirst, and inflammation of the body, so that the parts outwardly are dry as parchment. The remedy is scarification, cauteries, and section. If in the extremity, apply treacle, Tar with Oil, Hens dissected, the leaves of purslain beaten in vinegar, barley meal, bramble leaves pounded with honey; also plantain, hyssop, white garlic, leeks, rue, and nettles: abstaining from sharp and salted meats, and drinking oil to cause vomit, and making clysters of the same; some use the leaves, and bark of laurel. As for the description, they are less than Vipers; but kill sooner. They are about a cubit long, the fore part is thick, the head small, and they are smaller backwards, and the tail very little, and black, and the other whitish, with black and yellow spots.   

Double-head. Amphisbaena.  

P. They are in the Isle Lemnos, often in Lybia.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Amphicaephalos. Amphisilene.   
Double-head. Tops. T. They are very venomous, their wounds are very small and scarcely discernible; but the accidents are inflammation and a lingering death, etc. Like to those of the bitings of Vipers; so the cure. Plin. And Coriander drunk and applied. Grevin. H. The dead Body passed over by childing Women, causeth abortion. V An olive branch wrapped in the skin helps numbness. As for the description, their Body is of equal magnitude. Their eyes are usually shut, the colour earthy: And the skin rough, hard, and spotted. They are hot, lay eggs, and carefully look to the same. They are soon destroyed by vine branches: and have an antipathy against human nature. Hereunto is the Scytal, Scytale, like, in poison, cure, and body, and going; but that it goeth one way only.   

Dragon. Draco.  

P. In India, Africa, Ethiopia, and Hesperia.  
M. Of Fruits, Herbs, and venomous creatures.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Thanin. Chald. Darkon.   
Dragon. T. Some say that they hurt more by their biting & striking with their tails, than by their poison. The males by't deepest, yet no great pain followeth upon the wound. The cure is like that of the bitings of other beasts, that are not venomous. Hay-dust is good, also the Barble, or head of a Dog with Euphorbium. V The fat of a Dragon dried in the Sun helps creeping ulcers, and dim eyes with honey and oil. The eyes with honey made into an ointment, are thought to prevent night visions. Magicians used them to cause victory. The fat driveth away venomous beasts, some say that the Sanguis Draconis, is made of the blood hereof. The tongue of the Sea Dragon is said to cause safety, and the fat with the herb-dragon helps the headache, scab, and leprosy.   

Dryine. Chelydrus.  

P. They live and abide in the bottoms of Oakes.  
M. They live upon Frogs and the like.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Druinae. Querculus. Ilicinus. Cherisidal.   
Dryine. Tops. T. Are very venomous and hot, therefore they are placed among the first rank of Serpents: The smell thereof so stopifying a man, that it almost strangleth him, nature refusing to breath, rather than to draw in such a filthy air. When they hurt they cause the skinn to be lose, stinking and rotten; and the eyes to be blind and painful: It restraineth the urine, causeth neezing, and maketh to vomit bloody matter. Being troad upon the foot looseth its skinn, and the smell causeth all things to smell of the same; so they kill both by touching and smelling. When it hath wounded or bitten, there is a black or red swelling about the sore, and vehement pain over the whole body, with pustuls, madness, dryness, thirst, trembling, and mortification, thus for the signs. The cure is like that of Vipers: Also hartwort drunk in wine, trefoil, or the roots of daffodils, and a corns powdered and drunk. As for the description, they are about two cubits long, full of scales, under which breed yellow flies, which destroy the same. Their smell is like that of a wet Horse hid: Their back is blackish, the head broad and flat, and their Captain hath a white comb on the head. They go directly on the earth, to avoid noise and smell.    

H.  

Haemorrhe. Haemorrhous.  

P. They live in Egypt, and the Indies, near rocks.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Affodius. Sabrine. Halsordius.   
HAemorrhe. Tops. T. Their bitings cause a continual bleeding sweat, with extreme pain till death, and bloody excrements. The place bitten is black, from which floweth first a watery humour, than pain in the stomach and difficulty of breathing: Lastly there is a dissolution of the powers of the body, with a cramp, after which followeth death, thus of the signs. The cure is by scarification, ustion, & sharp meats, etc. as in that of the Dipsas: Also vine leaves bruised and sod with honey, the powder of the head drunk, garlic with the oil of flowerdeluce, and raisins of the sun, with plasters used to the place, made of vineleaves and honey; or the leaves of purslain and barley meal, eating much garlic with oil to cause vomiting, and drinking wine allayed with water: Then let the wound be washed with cold water, and the bladder be fomented with hot sponges. Some cure it as that of the Viper, also by the eating of hard eggs with salt fish, as also the seed of radishes, juice of poppy, lily roots, daffodil, rue, trefoil, Cassia, opopanax, and cinnamon drunk. As for the description, they are of a sandy colour, a foot long, having a small tail, flaming eyes, and small head, with the appearance of horns. They go strait, slowly, and halting: Their scales are rough and sharp, therefore they make a noise when they go. Their bodies are spotted with black all over.   

Horned Serpent. Cerastes.  

P. They live, in the Lybian sandy Seas.  
M. They live upon birds, which they catch by craft.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Arab. Cerust. Heb. Schephiphon.   
Horned Serpents. Tops. T. They are immoderately dry, and therefore their poison is most pernicious; causing death, if it be not helped within nine days: And at first about the wound there groweth hardness, and then pustules, lastly black, earthy and pale matter. The genital standeth out strait, the patiented falleth mad, his eyes grow dim, and nerves immanuable, on the head of the wound groweth a scab, and there is continual pricking, as with needles: thus of the signs, and symptoms. The cure is by cutting the flesh unto the bone, or dismembering: Applying Goats dung fod with vinegar or garlic, and vinegar and barley meal, or the juice of cedar, rue, or nep, with salt and honey, or pitch and barley meal, etc. And inwardly, with daffodil and rue drunk, radish seed, Indian cummin, with wine, castoreum, & calamint, with emetics. As for the description, they are two cubits long, of a sandy colour, with two horns, teeth like a Viper, & a gristle for a backbone.    

L.  

Lizard. Lacerta.  

P. They live almost every where in the fields.  
M. Of grasshoppers, snails, and bees, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Letaah. Ch. Haltetha. Arab. A●aia.   
LIzard. Tops. T. Their flesh eaten causeth inflammation and apostemation, headache and blindness, (sc. of those in Italy). The eggs kill speedily, except helped by Falcon's dung and wine. When they by't, they leave their teeth in the place, which continually acheth, until taken out: The cure is by sucking the place, then putting in cold water, and afterwards making a plaster of oil and ashes. V The medicines of the flesh, are the same as of the Crocodile, and the flesh very hot; therefore it maketh fat: The Hens being eaten, that are fed with their fat mixed with wheat meal, halinitre, and cumin. Card. The same given to Hawkes causeth them to change their feathers. Being dissected, or the head beaten with salt draweth out nails or splents. With oil it causeth hair to grow upon the head: Dissected and applied hot they cure the stingings of Scorpions and Wenns. Formerly they used dry Lizards bruised to draw out teeth without pain. And sod and stamped with meal or frankincense, they, applied them to the forehead, to cure watering eyes. The same burned to powder and mixed with cretick honey to an ointment, cureth blindness. Their oil put into the care helpeth deafness, and driveth out worms. The blood anointed fasting keepeth children from swelling in the belly and legs. Also the liver and blood wrapped up in wool draw nails and thorns out of the flesh, and cure freckles. The urine (if there be any) helpeth the rapture in infants. The bones taken out of the Lizards head scarify the teeth, and the brain helps suffusions. The liver laid to the gumbs, or hollow teeth helps their pain. The dung purgeth wounds, and taketh away the whiteness and itching of the eyes, and sharpeneth the sight, the same with water is used for a salve. Arnold. The dung with meal, the black being cast away, so dried in a furnace, and softened with the water of nitre and froth of the Sea, afterwards applied to the eyes in a cloth, helps the former evils. The green Lizards, living in meadows and green fields in Italy, loving to Men, and enemies to Serpents. T. V Are very useful, the skin hanged upon trees, and the gall used to the apples, keep them from rotting, and drive away caterpillars. The flesh eaten helps those that have the sciatica. They are given to Hawks without their touching them: a hath thereof causeth a Hawk to cast her old feathers. Eaten with sauces they help the falling evil. If sod with wine to a third part, and a spoonful taken every day they help diseases in the lungs. It also helpeth the loins, and may be prepared for the eyes. Brasavolus his oil hereof helpeth the face, and broken pasterns of a Horse, with a little vinegar. The ashes reduce scars in the body, to their own colour. The bones cleansed, by enclosing them in a vessel of salt help the falling evil. The blood applied in flocks of wool cures the beat, bruizing, and thick skins in the feet of Men and Beasts. The eye is superstitiously used against quartans, and pain in the eyes; so the blood of the eyes taken in purple wool. The heart helps exulcerations of the kings evil. The gall takes away the hair of the eye lids. They need not be described, being known.    

M.  

Myllet. Cenchru.  

P. They live in Lemnus, and Samothracia, etc.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cenchrines. Milliaris. Famusus.   
mylet, or Cenchrine. Tops. T. They are very hot, and therefore venomous in the second degree. Therefore putrefaction and rottenness follow their biting, as also more deadly & unresistable evils, as drowsiness, sleepiness, the lethargy, pain in the belly, especially the colic, pain in the liver and stomach, killing in two days, if it be not remedied. The cure is like that of the Vipers biting; or take the seed of lettuce, flax-seed, savoury stamped, wild rue, wild bettony, and daffodil drach. 2. in three cups of wine: drinking also after it, drach. 2. of the root of centaury or hartwort, nosewort, gentian, or sesamine. As for their description, they are spotted like millet seed, about two cubits in length, attenuated towards the tail, the colour is dark like the Millet, and is then most ireful when this herb is highest. They go strait, therefore are avoided by winding too and fro. They are very daingerous and strong, and beat the Body with the tail, whilst they suck the blood.    

N.  

Newt. Lacerta.  

P. They live in ditches, and hedges, and the like places.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Lacerta aquatica.   
Newt or water-lizard. Tops. T. Some apothecary's use them in steed of Scinks or Crocodiles of the earth; but they are deceived, & deceive others in their virtues & operation, not having wholesome properties. They need no description, being well known. If taken they shut the mouth, they are bred in fat waters and soils. Their eggs are about the bigness of a pease, they are soon killed by salt; for by strokes they will hardly die. When angry they stand upon their hinder legs, till the body be all white, by which their venomous nature is observed to be like the Salamander, though the water maketh their poison the more weak.    

P.  

Pelias. Pelias.  

P. Their place is not much observed by writers.  
M. Neither their meat also.  
N. Or variety of names and Epithets.   
PElias. Aet. T. Their bitings cause putrefaction about the wound; yet not very daingerous, and it causeth dimness of the eyes, having an universal distribution. It's cured by a ptisan with oil in drink, and a decoction of ditch docks, etc. used against the yellow jaundice. The head and eyes may be washed with the urine of a child or boy: After the body hath been purged, anoint it with balsam and honey, and use an ophthalmick salve: weeping also is good, evacuating the venom.   

Prester. Piastre.  

P. Jun. and Tremell. Think them the fiery Serpents of the Israelites.  
M. Their meat is not much observed:  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Saraph, Calep.   
Prester. Tops. T. Their venom is very hot and fiery: Therefore after it, the swelling is great, with distraction, conversion of the blood to matter, and corrupt inflammation, hindering the respiration, also dimness of the fight, falling off of the hair, and at last suffocation, as it were by fire, thus of symptoms. The cure is by wild purslain, and castoreum drunk with opopanax and rue in wine, the diet being of Sprats. As for their description, They go about panting with open mouth, by reason of their excessive heat.    

S.  

Salamander. Salamandra.  

P. In Trent, the Alps and Germany, in cold moist places.  
M. They live upon milk, and honey, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Arab. Saambros. Gall. Salamandre.   
SAlamander. T. Is very cold, & their biting is deadly, Arnold. Having as many venims as colours. If they by't once they never let go; and if pulled away, they leave the teeth behind them, than there can never be any remedy, therefore they must be suffered to hang on, till they are wearied, and be put off by medicines: After it, followeth a great pain, and scab upon the place. The cure is by the decoction of Frogs drunk, and the flesh applied. Their poison is not inferior to that of any other Serpent, poisoning fruit, and the spittle causing the hair to fall off, the poison itself is hot, like that of the cantharides, and so cured: sc. by vomits, and clysters, etc. Yet they hurt not swine, they are most poisonsome when dead, by putrefaction. If taken inwardly, the tongue will be inflamed, the body tormented by cold, corruption and putrefaction, pains in the fundament and stomach, dropsies, cramps and the ischury. The cure is by calamint, cypress, galbanum, ammoniacum, and styrax, Cowmilk, scammony, and bacon. The powder helps corns and is septick. Avic. As for their description, they are like the vulgar Lizard, but greater, their legs are taller, and tail longer, they are also thicker and fuller, having a pale white belly, and one part of their skin very black, the other like verdegrease, but both glistering, with a black line along the back, having many spots like eyes, with baldness, out of which issueth a humour, that quencheth the heat of fire. They have four feet; and black and yellow spots, with a great head, they breed like the Viper, and are bold, and very stout.   

Seps. Sepedon.  

P. They live in rocks and hollow places. In Syria, etc.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Putria. Selsir, Avic.   
Seps. Tops. T. They are very venomous, causing the body to rot, which they by't with their hollow under teeth, which yield poison, The skinn being pressed up. The signs of it are bleeding, tumors, matter smelling strong, languishing pain, whitenesie of the body, and falling off of the hair, after which the patiented liveth not above three days. The cure is like that of the bitings of the Viper, Ammodyte, and Horned Serpent: Aet. Also a sponge wet in warm vinegar, ashes of chaff, butter and honey, or millet and honey, also bay leaves, oxymel, and parslain, eating salt fish. As for the description, they are about two cubits long, slender towards the tail, the head broad, and of many colours.   

Serpent. Serpens.  

P. They live in dens; and hollow places, etc.  
M. Of dust, and living creatures.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Nachash. Ch. Cheveia. Arab. Hay.   
Serpent. Tops. T. They are counted cold, therefore lie hid in the winter. V Their intestines applied help their wounds. Avic. drach 1. of the powder of a black Serpent after long bearing, taken in the surupe of honey for three days together helps the leprosy. Plin. Cells. The middle part eaten cureth the King's evil. Tagault. The flesh eaten helps the elephantiasis, Pliny useth the right eye against rheum of the eyes, and the heart against the toothache. Paul. Venet. The gall of that of Caraiam taken in a small quantity helps bitings of a mad dog, causeth delivery, and applied helps the piles. Hipp. The sperm helps the suffocation of the belly. Myrepsus useth them against strains and hardness. Plin. The ashes applied with oil or wax help strumes, so drunk. The ashes thereof burnt with salt, and put with the oil of roses into the contrary ear help the toothache. Olaus Magnus maketh an unguent thereof against the morphew. The powder helps fistulas. Plin. The fat mixed with oil helps strumes. Olymp. The fat with Bull's gall, verdegrease, and honey anointed, helps barrenness, Hipp. so used in a pessary. Mixed with the plaster of Jo. De Vigo, it helps all hardness, nodes, and other torments of the spanish pocks, also leprous swell, pimples, and smootheth the skinn. Plin. With other things it causeth the hair to grow. The fume of an old Serpent helpeth the monthly course. Alois. The oil with the flowers of cowslips helps the gout. The powder of it after roasting, preserves from the leprosy, keepeth youth, causeth a good colour, cleareth the eyes, and preventeth grey hairs, and the falling evil. It purgeth the head, and expelleth scabbiness, etc. sc. that of the black Serpent. Chickens eaten that are fed with their heads and tails minced, mingled with crumms of bread, or oats, help the leprosy. The dried skin used to the tooth, helps the pain of a hot cause; and any imposthume or noli me tangere. If washed with spittle, and tied to the belly it facilitats delivery, if eaten it operates as Serpents. Their blood is more precious than balsam, used to the lips it makes them red, so the face, and prevents spots. It helps all scabs, and stench of the teeth. The fat helps all redness, and spots, etc. in the eyes, and cleareth the eyes anointed on the lids. An ointment made of them with May butter helps the gout. They kill worms in Hearts. Rus. The decoction helps striking Horses: the fat helps swell on their backs: That which drops from them when roasting helps fistulas in their hooves. Albert. The flesh of the speckled Serpent, makes Hawks cast their feathers. Gal. The cast skin of Serpents with Sea water helps blood shotten eyes. The ashes thereof with oil of roses dropped into the ears, help all soars thereof, or stench, adding vinegar if they are mattery: Some add Bulls gall, and the flesh of Tortises boiled, Marcel. or the gall of a Calf. Diosc. Gal. If boiled in wine it cureth the toothache, fomented, or the ashes put in with oil. Archig. The skin applied not burnt will make the teeth fall out. It cureth the phthiriasis, Gal. and the colic, sc. the ashes applied with oil. With the oil of roses it helps the bloody flux, and tenesmus. Arnoldus useth the fume thereof with opopanax, myrrh, galbanum, castoreum, sulphur, Madder, Pigeons, or Hawks dung, and Cow's gall to bring forth the birth. Cardan useth it, to cause elequence, etc. Serpent's may be driven away by the fume of horns & hooves, bay-leaves, bitumen, castoreum, galbanum, propolis, opopanax, sagapenum, panax, fleabane, melanthium, & all stinking things, as feathers, and hair, etc. also wormwood, and the water wherein sal ammoniacum hath been dissolved, sprinkled about; or lime, and garlic. The cure of the poison is by attractives, scarification, cupping glasses, ligature, vomits, treacle, mugwort, & balm. Also Pigeons dissected and applied, and young things, sc. their fundament: Cauteries, Goat's milk drunk & fomented; new Hogs dung, nitre, mustardseed. Epigonus his plaster. Fumanel's oil. Oil of Scorpions, quicklime with honey and oil, black hellebore, garlic, sowthernwood, coleworts, onions, figs, barley meal, birthwort, rocket, horehound, organy, basil, leeks, rue, & scabious. Inwardly mithridate, treacle, Galens zopyria. Mathiolus, his Q. bettony, rhubarb, agaric, and garlic, if within. They are generated of earth and water, and are full of enmity.   

Slowworm. Caecilia.  

P. They live in Greece, and England, in fields.  
M. Their meat is not much observed.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Cophia. Cerula. Caecula. Surdaster.   
Slow-wormes. Tops. T. Their poison is very strong. If their wound swelleth it may be pricked with a brazen bodkin, and then apply fullers earth and vinegar for cure. Oswald Some make a treacle of this Serpent, which smelleth like aqua vitae, which some use against the plague. Their description is needless, they breed young ones in their bowels. They come out of the earth in July, and go in in. August. They are called blind worms also, and hurt not, if not provoked.   

Snake. Anguis.  

P. In Naples, England, and all over the fens.  
M. of frogs, leeches, newts, and fishes.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Chersydrus. That of the water, Enhydris.   
Snake. Toppss. T. That of the water hath a fiery poison, which presently is dispersed over the whole body, and when it cometh to the heart, the man presently falleth down dead. Therefore it is best if the foot be bitten to hang a man up by the heels, or presently to cut off the part: The same may be said of the land Snake. Their venom is not inferior to that of other Serpents: When they by't, there followeth great pain, inflammation, greenness or blackness of the wound, dizziness in the head, and death within three days. The cure is by organy, stamped and applied with lie and oil; or ashes of the root of an Oak, with pitch, or barley meal, mixed with honey and water, and sod at the fire. And in drink use wild nosewort, daffodil flowers, and fennel seed in wine, V The liver of a snake is said to break the stone in the bladder. The flesh applied helps the wound. Their old skin as also of the Adder, rubbed on the eyes, helps the sight; if boiled in wine when old, it helps the pain of the ears, so with tops of poppies dropped in. As for their stone called Serpentinus, see my Pammineralogy. They lay eggs about the bigness of a bulleiss.    

V  

Viper. Vipera.  

P. They live in Arabia, Africa, Europe, and Asia.  
M. Of herbs, horseflies, cantharides, and pithiocamps.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Aphgnath. Arab. Thiron. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.   
VIper. T. Their flesh is hot & dry, & purgeth the whole body by sweat, also being eaten or drunk it helps the leprosy, so that of Tyrus, their heads & tails being cut off: so their wine and broth, eating half a Viper at once, and fasting six hours after, Mus. if eaten they cure ulcers. Porphyr. It cleareth the eyes, helps the sinews, and represseth swell. The ashes of their heads beaten together with the grossest decoction of bitter lupins used to the temples as an ointment stop rheums of the eyes, the same alone help dim eyes. The head burned & dipped in vinegar helpeth wildfire. The gall cleanseth the eye; so the fat with rosin, attic honey, and old oil. The slough helps the ringworm; the powder thereof causeth the hair to grow. The powder of the whole drunk helps the gout, & swelling in the neck; the oil wherein they are sodden helps join-ache, their liquor helps the palsy. The male maketh but two holes when he biteth, but the female maketh four, & these more deadly. There poison killeth within three days, at the furthest. The signs and effects of their bitings are first rotten matter, bloody or fat, swelling of the flesh round about, blisters on the flesh, as if it were scorched, after which followeth putrefaction and death. The pain is universal as if the body were set on fire, with turning of the neck, twinkling of the eyes, darkness, heaviness of the head, weakness of the loins, thirst, frezing at the finger's ends, cold sweat, vomiting, colour changeable, bloody gums, inflammation of the liver, sleepiness, trembling, dysury, fevers, neezing, and the asthma, so Aet. Aeg. and Grevin. The cure is as in the bitings of other Serpents. Preventing spreading, by extraction, ligature, or section. Else the poison may be sucked out, applying Hens cut a sunder, with scarification, bathing with Sea water, or milk, and eating old butter, using cuppinglasses; and a plaster of garlic, sharp onions, and treacle, drinking treacle wine, and garlic broth; and the juice of yew leaves. The matter is drawn out by Goat's dung, powder of laurel, and euphorbium in wine, and after with unc. 2. of long birthworth, unc. 1. of daffodil and briony, of galbanum and myrrh an. unc 1. with a sufficient quantity of oil of bays and wax, used twice a day. Pareus used treacle with aquavitae and mithridate, and also ligature.     

ENTOMOLOGIA. Of Infects.  

B.  

Bee. Apis.  

P. Almost every where, in England, and other places.  
M. Of honey, flowers, trees, and sweet herbs.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Mellis mater, Varr. Solisequa.   
Bees'. Aldrov. T. V Those of Cumane feed hereon. Their ashes with Rat's dung and oil of roses cause the hair to grow speedily, so also the ashes of walnut bark, chestnuts, beans, and of the fruit of the date tree: Honey. T. is hot and dry, 2°. of thin parts, cleansing with a little acrimony, therefore it moveth the belly, and provoketh urine: Therefore in hot bodies it's soon turned into choler, and becometh bitter if boiled by the fire: So it (as all hot things penetrate sooner, than the cold,) doth quickly insinuate itself into the pores, and pleaseth the palate thereby. The Ancients used it for the same purpose, in steed of sugar which we now use. The smell thereof is strengthening, it nourisheth much, and preventeth putrefaction; but it's to be used moderately, and then it causeth a good colour, the sweetness thereof pleasing the parts, which then attract, retain, and assimilate it, than the innate heat is increased, and after the colour flourisheth, the natural aliment being augmented. Valleriol. It's good for old men, to prolong their age, so Galen, etc. and the use of mulse also: Which if drunk warm it helpeth the voice, if cold it exasperats it: Ruel. If made of old Austere wine and good honey, it is less flatulent, and may be quickly used: If old it nourisheth the body, the middle aged helps the belly, expels urine and filleth drunk first, and recals appetite. That made of Austere wine doth not so fill the stomach. The proportion of honey is one part, to six of Must. The Melitite wine is used in long fevers, that have weakened the stomach, for it gently mollifieth the belly, provoketh urine, and purgeth the stomach: It helps the joint grief, vices of the reins, weak heads, & weak Women, it being of a good smell, and nourishing the body: It differeth from mulse, being made of old austere wine, and a little honey. But this, of one part of honey, with five of Austeres must, and one of salt. Hydromel serveth to quench the thirst. V Plin. honey preventeth putrefaction; having a pleasant taste, and not rough, it's most profitable for the jaws, tonsils, quinsey, mouth, and dryness of the tongue in fevers: If boiled it helps the peripneumonia and pleuresy and wounds by Serpents; also against the poison of toadstooles, and the palsy in mulse; it's dropped into the ears with oil of roses, it killeth nits and lice: When despumated it's ever better; but it causeth inflation of the stomach, increaseth choler, causeth nauseousness, and is hurtful to the eyes, yet applied it helps their exulcerated angles. Diosc. It is abstersive, opens the mouths of the veins, and evacuats humours, therefore it's used in sordid and hollow ulcers. Being boiled and applied it glutinats flesh, with alum it helps ringworms. Dropped in warm with fossil salt, it helps the sounding of the ears, and pain thereof; applied it killeth nits and lice. It covereth the glans. It discusseth the dimness of the eyes. And used in gargarisms it helps the jaws, tonsils, and quinsey; it provoketh urine, helps the cough, bitings of Serpents, and against meconium, taken warm with oil of roses: Against the poison of toads-stooles, and the bitings of a mad Dog, drunk. If eaten crude it causeth inflation in the belly, and provokes the cough, therefore the despumate is then best. Hipp. The comb macerated in water helps the second species of the pluresy. If taken it helps the tormina. The cremor of the combs boiled in water, or vinegar, helps those that have fallen: The same infused in cold water helps the repletion of the lungs. It helps the falling out of the fundament. It's good in cold disseases; but hurtful in the hot, it being then turned into choler, and not nourishing. It's unwholesome for those that are young and bilions, and all hot diseases. When depurated it's good for a cold stomach; it helps breeding of the teeth. Confections thereof cause spitting, and remove filth of the skin and wounds. They cause medicines to pass quickly through the body, provoke urine, and cleanse the ears; it's to be mixed with remedies for ulcers, of the breast, lungs, and all antidotes. Applied it eateth up the filth of ulcers. It opens the jaws, by drawing humours. Prunes infused in the water thereof mollify the belly; it clears the eyes and face; but the Attic is best to cleanse the face and eyes, to rub the rough tongue, provoke urine in old men, glutinate hollow ulcers, attenuate thick spittle, and to cause excreation: It helps the eating herpes, and acidity in the stomach. If it be taken without the mixture of water, it nourisheth more weakly, but looseneth the belly. Taken more copiously alone it purgeth the belly, so it's to be abstained from in tertian fevers, but may be used in pituitous diseases. It helps the little ulcers in the mouth of children. Some say that eaten after wine, it hindereth it from flying to the head, and helps the appetite decayed by a pituitous cause. Celsus enumerats boiled honey among such things, that stop the belly, it then losing its acrimony. Nicand. It helps against opium, Martial, and the cough: Ovid. But causeth venery. Honeyed water causeth the beard to grow, helps the cough, and if heated it provokes vomit. It helps the poison of ceruse, and henbane with milk. It's used against the fistulas of the genitals. It's used to the womb with soft bread, sudden tumors, luxations, and to lenify. Diosc. Melicrate hath the same nature as mulse, it's used crude to loosen, cause vomiting, and against poison with oil: When boiled it's given to those that are weak, that have a feeble pulse, against coughs, peripneumonies, and those that sweat immoderately. It's made of two parts of rain water and one of honey. If Austeres its used to quench thirst: So that of the Arabians, as also in cold diseases, especially of the brain, nerves, and joints. Drunk in steed of wine it helps spitting, and evacuats matter, and thick phlegm out of the breast. It purgeth, cleanseth, and washeth the intestines, bowels, and urinary passages, therefore it helps the pains of the colon, loosens the belly, and prevents the stone: The proportion is one pound of honey to eight of water, gently to be boiled, despumated and percolated; and if but little boiled, it causeth flatulency in the stomach, moveth the belly more, and nourisheth less; but the contrary if more boiled: Some add spices also to mulse, sc. ginger, saffron, cinnamon, mace, wood of aloes, gallia muscata and leven. That made of snow-water called chionomeli, is used, in hot fevers. Apomeli made of one part of honey, with four of water, cleanseth, digesteth, purgeth choler, and provoketh urine; but it's bad for hot and dry constitutions, hot diseases, and heat of the midriff, but it neither provoketh or quencheth thirst. Oxymel helps against Serpents, called Seps, against meconium, misseltoe, and quinsies, being gargled hot, it helps the ears and mouth, Diosc. taken it draweth out thick humours, helps the sciatica, epilepsy, and gout, it inciding and concocting. It's made of one part of vinegar, two of honey, and four of water. The D. is unc. 1. to unc. 3. The destilled water helps the falling off of the hair, swollen and bleared eyes, and discusseth their aqueous films and darkness, helping the ulcers of the corners: It helpeth burn, especially in soft and tender places. The second reddish water purgeth out matter and filth out of putrid ulcers, applied with . The red helps deep, creeping, and sordid ulcers mixed with unguents, and coloureth the hair: the white and yellow help suffusions and white spots in the eyes, especially with eye-bright, celandine, rue, the tops and seed of fennel, sagapenum, white sugar, ammoniacum, galbanum, and ocular herbs. The same hinder the falling off of the hair, make it red, and to grow. The golden coloured being six or seven times distilled, defendeth health, preserveth life, helps catarrhs, coughs, and the spleen, it strengthens nature, opens abstructions, prevents putrefaction, resists poison, and stops urine. Andern. The oil of honey distilled helps podagrick pains & cureth wounds. H. Gal. Honey is biting to the eyes and ears, it pricketh the stomach, causeth incision, and if not concocted it causeth flatulency in the stomach and intestines. Hipp. If boiled its troublesome, if used it causeth acid belchings, and bilious fluxes upwards and downwards, also tormina, flatulency, and repletion. It maketh the liver and spleen to swell. If taken fasting it presently satiats, it by reason of its sweetness and clamminess so joining to the stomach and liver, that they will not admit other meats, nor suffer itself easily to be distributed: Some say also, that if eaten often it will cause the scab. It preserveth dead bodies, antidotes, Card. and young trees: Being moist, thin, sweet, temperate, and not subject to putrefaction. It also preserveth flesh and fruits. As for wax, it's begotten of the lachrymose and gummose parts of plants. The best is yellowish, sattish, pure, and sweet. It was used in writing, sealing, painting, ornaments, images, statues, candles, also to preserve dead bodies, and to fasten things together, with colophony, rosin, mastic, frankincense, sulphur, pitch, ceruse, turpentine, and jacca. Gal. Wax T. is almost in a mean betwixt things hot, cold, moist and dry; but it hath somewhat thick parts, and emplastic: Therefore it doth not only dry, but moisten by accident, sc. by hindering perspiration: Therefore it's the matter both for hot and cooling remedies; but in its own nature it weakly concocteth, having a little of the digesting and hot nature of honey. Aeg. It's a little abstersive. V Diosc. Being taken in broth it helps ulcers of the intestines, some use it in pills: And all wax, doth mollify, heat, and moderately filleth up bodies. It's to be drunk against the dysentery, and ten grains drunk hinder the curdling of milk in nurses. Plin. The white helps swell in the groin. The fresh serveth to dilate, mollify, and ease pain: the white, to cool, dry, repel, harden, and bind. Rond. The white and artificial is used in masticatories, the yellow in suffumigations. The softer is used in cerots, unguents and plasters. The yellow by reason of the aerial nature of the honey doth more mollify, relax, and ease pain, therefore it's used to heat abscesses, mollify, concoct, and ripen them: The white as cooling, is more useful in inflammations of the reins, where the matter is to be repelled. Wax used alone helps the paronychia. Arist. The horns of young cattle warmed therein, may be easily bowed. The oil thereof softens; being very penetrating, softening, discussing, and it helpeth cicatrices. It helpeth the gout, wounds and ulcers, chaps of the lips, rifts and corrosions of the nipples. Some use it against pains of the stomach, and midriff, against the cough, thick humours in the breast, bleeding wounds, and for the nervous parts. That distilled with plumous alum, helps the pleuresy, colic, tumors, spasme, & quickly cureth wounds. Schrod. Bees dried & stamped cause hair to grow and help the alopecia. Their honey nourisheth, cleanseth, openeth, helps the cough, and lungs, provokes urine, and resisteth putrefaction: Outwardly it helps dim eyes, and other affections thereof: Gal. It's the juice of the celestial dew, and the best is yellow, pellucid, of pleasant smell & taste, neither thick or too thin, but well united, yellow, and made by young bees. The yellow and white water of honey helps suffusions of the eyes, and lengthens the hair, it serveth to extract the tincture of coral; used inwardly it opens obstructions, expels urine, and breaks the stone. The oil helps phagedens, and discusseth spots of the face, with the oil of camphire. The compounded oil easeth the gout. Hart. in Croll. Senn. Just. The vinegar of honey, dissolveth flints, and other stones, without any precedent calcination. Begu. The tincture helps the physic. Med. destil. The D. of the Q. E. is gr. 3. to 5. and is like a panacaea. The elixyr is of the same virtue. The oil of wax is diuretical, the D. is 3. drops to 5. the Magistery thereof helps the dysentery, drach. 1. being drunk. The propolis, or virgin wax is hot 2°. it gently cleanseth, attracteth, and draws out things fixed in the body; it concocteth hardnesses, easeth pains, cicatrizeth desperate ulcers, and if used as a suffumigation it helps the old cough. Jonst. Bees stamped and drunk with diuretic wine help the dropsy, and expel the stone. Those that die in the honey help vomicas, they mollify ulcers of the lips and help the dysentery. Applied with butter they help breeding of teeth. With wild poppy they help pains of the jaws, and the spleen used with their honey, also the coeliack, and cold testicles with rosin. With nitre and Cow's milk it helps ulcers of the face, and phagedens with the ashes of their leather. The froth with the oil of walnuts helps adustion of the skinn. Holler counts it diaphoretic. Boiled with lentils, green myrtle leaves or galls it helps the whitlow. Nicander used it against opium. The wax helps bare nerves and tendons; a linen cloth dipped therein and applied very hot, helps pains of the junctures caused by cold. Pills thereof with the hard yolk of an egg, a few grains of saffron, and syrrupe of wormwood help the jaundice. As for the description, it's needless, they will arise out of the putrefaction of a Calf, etc. or honey Voss. de Idol. But some say they are begotten by the King, which ejaculats sperm in the cups, which then the Bees cheresh. They will live 10. years, fly thwartwise, smell well, and remember: they hate Stinks, Sheep, Spiders, Owls, and Lizards, etc. Their diseases are repletion, inanition, dryness, moisture, cold and heat. They live orderly, & work in bean time. Their King is ruddish, of good form, and as big again as the rest: The thiefs are black and have great bellies.   

Beetle. Scarabeus.  

P. They live almost every where.  
M. Of wood, corn, and excrements.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Gall. Escarbot. Ital. Scarafagio.   
Beetle. Aldrov. T. V Some use their horns as amulets, and to help contractions of the nerves, ease pains, and help quartans. sc. of those called Tauri. Some use the earth they cast out against botches, and gouts, etc. as the Grylli. Boiled in oil and dropped in they help the ears pains. The black beetle dried helps the stone. The horned boiled in oil and used to the pulse cause fevers. Their hurts are helped by man's spittle. Schrod. The pilulary beetle helps the falling down of the eyes and fundament; the powder being used they help the pain of the hemorrhoids boiled in oil. The unctuous beetle is like the Cantharideses, provokes urine, helps bitings of mad Dogs, and gouts, sc. the powder taken. Their liquor used outwardly helps wounds, and is used in plasters against buboes, and pestilential carbuncles; the oil of their infusion may be used in stead of that of Scorpions. Jonst. boiled with the oil of roses & earth worms, they help the pains of the ears. Lanfrank made a powder thereof against the pain of the stone. Their description is needless. They are generated of the corruption of cattle or dung. They make a noise when they fly, and stop when touched.   

Burncow. Buprestis.  

P. They live in Italy, and other places, etc.  
M. Of flies, lizards, worms, and infects.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Boubrostis. Bulpestris.   
Burncow. Diosc. T. They are of the nature of cantharides, causing erosion, exulceration, and heat. V Ruel. Drunk they cause venery; yet they are used in remedies that help the leprosy, ringworm, and canker. Plin. Applied with Goat's tallow they help ringworms in the face; and by their septick force used in a pessary, they provoke the courses. Therefore Hypocrates used them against many diseases in Women, as to provoke the menses, their heads, wings and legs being taken away, with the inner parts of figs; so with myrrh, frankincense, honey, oil of roses, wine and aniseeds: He useth them also with the same, against the strangulation of the womb, he useth them likewise against the hardness of the womb, & to expel the mola. H. Diosc. If drunk they cause great pain in the stomach and belly, as the flatulency, & suppression of urine. The remedies are as those against the Cantharideses, as must, sapes, oil, milk, lard, broth that is fat, nitre with water, oil of bays & oxymel: With vomiting, the decoction of figs in wine, also pares, myrtles, and woman's milk, the poison being hot. Cattle are to be let blood that eat them. Jonst. Some pour oil in their nostrils. They are a kind of Cantharideses. As for the description, their outward wings are like gold, the head little, mouth broad, eyes round, and belly long. Bell. They are bigger than Cantharideses.   

Butterfly. Papilio.  

P. They live in pleasant, open, and warm places.  
M. Of mallow flowers, and trunks of trees.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Campilo. Avicula Isid.   
Butterfly. T. V Jonst. They are thought to provoke urine, they are meat for little birds, and serve as baits for fishes. Their description is useless. They generate in May, June, and July, backwards, and lay eggs, in the rinds of trees or leaves, and after live till winter. Their multitude often presages the plague. Muff. Tarentin. Geopon. Recip. unc. 1. of the venomous dung of butterflies, annisseed, Goat's milk cheese, Hog's blood, galbanum, an. unc. sem. opopanax, drach. 2. beat them diligently, pour on good sharp wine, and make troches thereof for fishes. They preserve castrels from consumptions. They may be driven away, sc. those that fly in the night, from Bee hives; by placing a candle near them, as also by the smoke of gith and hemlock.    

C.  

Caterpillar. Eruca.  

P. They live almost every where, in England and other places.  
M. Of trees and herbs, and fruits.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Bruchus. Tinea agrestis.   
Caterpillar. Aeg. T. V Those of herbs applied with oil, are said to prevent from the biting of virulent living creatures: Diosc. And drive away Serpents, Greu. and that by an occult quality. They may be killed by shaking them off. Aldrov. Or by fine ashes and dung: Also by the fume of Bats dung, or of bitumen or brimstone, galbanum, Goats claws, or Heart's horn, or Cows stolen and the lees of oil used, garlic burnt, ciches sown and the juice of wormwood, and mints. Jonst. Their web drunk stops the flux of women's courses. They serve to angle with, they help the epilepsy, so Muff. burnt and put into the nostrils they stop bleeding: All cause vesicles and make the skin bare. If they are eaten by a Horse. Swell arise, the skin is hardened, and eyes grow hollow. Plin. They are begotten of dew thickened on leaves by the heat of the Sun, so Arnold. in a moist time: And some of Butterflies. Muff. Those of Cabbages applied cause teeth to fall out. Hipp. The ordinary drunk, help the quinsey.   

Cheselippe. Asellus.  

P. They live in moist places, under stones and timber.  
M. They live upon warm moisture.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Oniscus. Tilus. Multipedes. Hoglice.   
Cheselippe. Diosc. T. V Being drunk in wine they help difficulty of urine, and the jaundice. Applied with honey they help the quinsey. Stamped, heated, in the bark of a pomegranate, and dropped into the ears with oil of roses they help pains in the ears. Gal. They help the headache, and pains that are old, therein. Sever, used in unguents they help ulcerated ears. They help inflammations of the throat, & they help the dyspnoea, having an attenuating quality. Schrod. T. They are of thin parts, attenuate, cleanse and open, therefore they are very good to resolve a tartareous mucilage, and dissolve the stone: they open obstructions of the bowels, therefore help the jaundice, nephritick pains, the difficulty of urine, colic, the appetite hurt by the mucilage of the stomach, and the asthma, etc. The powder outwardly helps diseases of the eyes, and pains of the ears. Applied alive they help phagedens. The D. is scrup. 1. to drach. 1. in nephritick water, with spirit of vitriol. Jonst. They discuss; two of them drunk in wine with drach. sem. of Mice, and Pigeons dung drive out the stone: for the jaundice they are to be drunk in mulse, and to be taken with honey in the asthma, so Hol. and Agric. They help most diseases of eyes outward or inward, except the cataract, drunk fresh, or applied. With a third part of turpentine they help the pani. unc. 1. of the ointment of poplar, with oil of roses, in which they are boiled unc. 1. sem. and four grains of saffron, helps the hemorrhoids: Others boil them with fat and butter, and add the yolk of an egg, unc. 3. of the oil of violets in which 4. of them have been boiled to the consumption of a third part, to repress the salt humour applied outwardly. Lauremberg, and Hartman, confirm what is said of them against the stone. Hereto belong Pollin, and Coyayahoal, serving to draw out darts. The last of which serve also to draw out teeth. Muff. Drunk in wine they help the kings evil: 3. with gr. 4. of elaterium help shortwindednesse. Plin. Drunk they help consumptions. Marcel. and the cramp. Applied alive they help any swelling, with turpentine. The description is needless.    

E.  

Earewigg. Auricularia.  

P. In cabbages, ferulaceous trees, and elms.  
M. Of herbs, and flowers, as carnations, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Forficula. Mordella. Vellicula. Fullo.   
Earewigg. Muff. Arnold. T. V Being boiled in common oil, or oil of Hearts-ease, and then used, to the arteries, in the temples and wrists, they cause a fever, and so cure convulsions. Joseph. Michael. Being finely powdered in Balneo, in a glass very close stopped, mixed with Hares piss, and so put in morning and evening, it's excellent against deafness: Others use it with oil of cloves. They are eaten by Hens and Snites. They are got out of the ears by applying a rotten apple, and oil injected with aloes.    

F.  

Flea. Pulex.  

P. They are almost every where, in the spring time.  
M. They live upon the blood of living creatures.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Gall. Pulse, & Ital. Hisp. Pulga, Jun.   
Flay. Muff. T. V They are generated of dust, and in Dog's hair from a fat humour putrified, and sweat. The remedies against them are elder leaves, fern-root, flowers of , rue, brambles, oleander, mints, hopps, rape-seed, cuminseed, staves-acre, fleabane, saffron, coriander, celondine, arsmart, mustard, lupins, hellebore, bays, walnut-tree, with their oils and decoctions. Seawater, Heart's horn burnt, sublimat and lime. If in the ear; use oil and turpentine.   

Flie. Musca.  

P. They live in moist, and warm places.  
M. Of milk, dead bodies, and honey, etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Heb. Zebub. Gall. Monsche. It. & H. Mosca, Jun.   
Flie. T. V Aldrov. They help against napellus, the biting of the Taranta, and epidemical diseases, with round birth-wort, mithridate, and sealed earth, the which is also good against all other bitings. Some use them with dock roots against white spots in the eyes, and others to cure felons. Their heads help the alopecia, others use them with the ashes of paper or nuts, & some with Woman's milk & honey. Soranus used them with Alcyonium, live brimstone, Hog's gall, vinegar, and the axunge of cart wheels, after shaving and rubification: Others use them with the roots of reeds, fern, the rough bark of walnuts, new wool, ladanun, myrrh, old oil, and of cedar, & Indian lease, after rubbing with onions or squills. Pliny useth the red ones against the epilepsy. Stamped with the yolk of an egg they help the chymosis, so their heads with wax. Dionys. Miles. The ashes of Dogg-flies with those of the Sea Hare, help the pricking hairs of the eyebrows. With Aunt's eggs they black the hair: If put into the passages alive they make Horses stolen. Schrod. Their distilled water helps the eyes. Jonst. Two drops help deafness. Gesn. Three or four flies taken inwardly loosen the belly. Muff. Reduced into an ointment in Horse dung with butter, in one year, they help all pains. Also they serve for meat to Swallows, spiders, chameleons, water wagg-tailes, Muscovie Ducks, and fishes, as Trout etc. Their description is needless. They generate by coiture, and putrefaction in dung, etc. They hate spiders, love rhododaphne, and live not long They are soon killed by oil, and when weak recover in the Sun, or warm ashes. They have a flexile flight, they are audacious and indocible; they may be driven away by onions, the fume of lose strife; with the decoction of the lower elder, gourds, or white hellebore stamped in milk: Or the juice of origanum, milk, Hogs gall, etc. sprinkled on the ground: cattle may be preserved from them by black hellebore, and the ointment of bay-berries with oil.    

G.  

Gally-worm. Julus.  

P. They live amongst moss on trees, and under logs.  
M. Of the trunks of trees. etc.  
N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Hisp. Centopeas'. Ital. Cento gambi.   
GAlly-worm. Muff. T. V Those sound in cellars burned to powder mightily provoke urine. Their blood with the moisture of Hog-lice helps white spots in the eyes. As for their description, they are short scolopenders, in the number of feet exceeding all infects: Of them some are smooth, others hairy, and their colours are divers as to their differences.