Mr. MAUGER'S FRENCH GRAMMAR Enriched with several choice Dialogues, containing an exact account of the State of France, Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Military, as it flourisheth at present under King Loüis the fourteenth.  
Also a Chapter of Anglicismes; with Instructions for Travellers into France.  
The second Edition, enlarged, and most exactly corrected by the Author, late Professor at Blois.  
AD ARDUA PER ASPERA TENDO   printer's or publisher's device 
LONDON, Printed by R. D. for john Martin, and james Allestree, at the Bell in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1656.   

A MONSIEUR le COLONEL BULLAR.  
MONSIEUR,  
LA grandeur de vostre naissance, & de vos actions vous ayant éleué à un poinct de gloire, ou l'envie, (qui va jusques sur les thrones) ne sçauroit atteindre. jecroirois ne pouvoir entreprendre d'en publier les advantages, sans en ternir le lustre; fi je ne scavois qu'il est également impossible d'en relever, & d'en obscurcir l'éclat. Cette connoissance me pourroit servir d'excuse & de justification, si j'avois assez de temerité pour en dire quelque chose. Mais cette entreprise ne pouvant avoirautre effect, que de me convaincre absolument de foiblesse, & de presomption; je laisseray parler les histoires de la noblesse de vostre race, & l'Allemagne s advoüant vostre redevable de la plus belle partie de sa gloire, ne veut pas m'admettre a partager l'honneur de faire vostre éloge. Mais vous n'avez pas besoin de panegyrique, le simple recit des belles choses, que vous avez faictes en parlera avec plus dénergie, que toutes les plus sçavantes plumes du Monde. Et ce seroit en quelque façon profaner vos actions heroïques, que de les mettre au rang de celles, qui demandent, ou qui peuvent souffrir des loüanges. l'Allemagne, n'est pas seule, qui peut en dire des nouvelles, & quoy que durant tant d'années vous y ayez faict ce qu'elle ait jamais veu de plus illustre, elle n'a pas veu ce que vous avez faict de plus glorieux. Vous avez combatu pour ses interests, lors que ceux de vostre Patrie vous ont permis de porter vos armes dans des païs estrangers: Mais dés que vous luy avez esté necessaire, vous n'avez plus eu d'autre but, que ses advantages, & n'avez cherché d'autre gloire, que celle, qui pouvoit s'acquerir dans l'execution de ses entreprises & dans l'advancement de ses desseins. Les services, que vous luy avez rendus sont de la nature de ceux, dont le bruit s'estend par toute la terre. Mais c'estoit encore trop peu pour la splendeur de vostre nom, vous l'avez porté jusques dans le nouveau Monde, ou vous avez eu la voix de toute l'Armée. Mais je m'apperçois, que je commence a m'égarer, & que voulant vous suiure dans le chemin de la gloire, je suis en peril de me perdre dans celuy de la confusion. C'est ce qui m'oblige a demeurer entierement dans les termes de l'admiration & du silence que je ne rompray, que pour vous supplier de combler, un nombre infiny de faveurs, dont vous m'avez honoré & en France & icy, par la protection de cét ovurage, il ne doit rien apprehender, si vous luy donnez un azile chez vous, & les traicts les plus injurieux de l'envie ne pourront rien contre luy, si vous le recevez à l'ombre de vos lauriers. Cette generosité avec laquelle, vous obligez les étrangers & la quantité des graces, que vous m'avez si liberalement prodiguées me font esperer, que vous ne me denierez pas la faveur de m'accorder la liberté de me dire avec respect,  
Vostre tres humble, tres fidele, & tres redevable Serviteur CLAUDIUS MAUGER Professeur és Langues.   

To the right Honourable COLONEL ANTHONY BULLAR.  
Sir,  
THe greatness of your birth and actions hath raised you to a degree of glory, whither envy itself (which attends upon Thrones) can not aspire. I should believe I could not undertake to publish those advantages without darkening their lustre, if I did not know that it is equally impossible to illustrate and obscure their splendour. That knowledge might serve me both for my excuse and my justification, if I had rashness enough to speak of them. But that undertaking can produce no other effect, then absolutely to convince me of weakness and presumption. I will leave it to Histories, to relate the nobleness of your race, and Germany who must confess that she owes you for the greatest part of her glory, will not admit me to share in the honour of writing your Elegy: But you need no Panegyric, the plain recital of those brave actions you have done, will express them with more efficacy than the most skilful pens of the world: And it were in some sort to profane your heroïque actions, to rank them with those which require or can tolerate commendations. Nor is it Germany alone that can tell those wondrous actions, although that during those years which you spent there, she never saw any thing more illustrious; yet she never saw the more glorious things which you have done: you fought for their interests, when those of your own Country permitted you to carry your arms into foreign nations; but as soon as you was needful to them, you had no other aim but their advantage, and sought for no other glory, then that which might be acquired in the execution of their erterprises, and in the advancement of their designs. The services you have rendered them, are of the nature of those whose fame is displayed over the whole Earth: But this is yet too little for the glory of your name, you have carried it to the new World, where you have had the applause of the whole Army: But I see that I begin to stray, and seeking to follow you in the path of glory, I am in danger to lose myself in that of confusion; 'tis this which obliges me wholly to the terms of Admiration and silence, which I will not break but to entreat you to accomplish that vast number of favours with which you have honoured me both in France and here, by the protection of this work: it need not fear any thing if you allow it an asylum with you, and the most injurious darts of envy can not hurt it, while you shelter it under the shades of your laurels. That generosity with which you oblige strangers, and the numerous favours, which you have already so freely conferred upon me, make me hope, you will not deny me the favour of this liberty to speak myself,  
Sir your must humble, most faithful, and most obliged Servant Claudius Maugre P. L.   

Erudito Lectori Extraneo.  
Non is sum (erudite Lector) qui me unum in praemunienda extraneis ad linguam nostram via, & Theseum praedicare, & caeteros in eadem disciplina coecutiisse velim. Certe haec (quae nonnullorum fuit) futilis jactantia, etsi à rationibus meis non esset aliena, à modestia tamen mea satis abhorruit. Aucupentur itaque scioli nostrates benevolentiam peregrinorum, & eorum candori suarum buccinatores laudum, fucum faciant; mihi neque est cordi, animi tui aciem perstringere (Amice lector) neque plura, quam reipsa peti possint ex hac lucubr a tiuncula, adjument a polliceri; tu pro tua aequitate, & sapientia judicabis. Si tamen placet de ratione instituti nostri navataeque in hoc libello operae certior fieri, habe paucis. Cum diuturna nos experientia docuisset, quid tyronibus linguae nostrae plus facesseret negotii, quid deinde in libris passim editis in lucem redundaret, quid obscuritatem & tenebras legentibus afferret, quid curtum & claudicans esset; haec potissimum, & aliae nos impulere causae, ut quod arduum crat, & longis obsitum difficultatibus iter, peregrinis compendiosum expeditumque concinnaremus, suo quaeque ordine, nec vulg ari methodo digessimus, praecept a nulla non idoncis illustravimus exemplis, quae & singula, quò sensus caeteris innotesent nationibus, Latinitate donavimus. Quae irrepsere mende, & si quae oculorum aciem subterfugerint, tu ipse pro tuo acumine & benignitate corrige.  
Vale.   

Learned Reader.  
THree years since, I presented you a Grammar entitled (the true Advancement) which hath been very well received, & according to the custom, I added some Dialogues I made in French, which would have more enriched it, if the English had been answerable to my French; but I could not then do it, and the Corrector of the Press undertook it: Besides that, a sickness hindered me from correcting it myself, and obliged me to put my interests into the hands of a Friend, who betrayed my expectation, and corrected it not exactly, although my copy was perfect: This which I now present you is exactly corrected, I have not borrowed the hand of another, but I myself have attended three times a day at the press, (although against my particular interests, choosing rather to embrace those of this noble Nation, which hath done me such unexpressible courtesies) that I might correct it according to the expectation of those, who will honour it with their reading. I present you the Dialogues all new, and the English Phrase Verbatim, to make known the meaning of every word, with a fine discourse upon the State of France, as it is now governed; I have added the Latin, for to render it generally useful to strangers, who come to see Troynovant, which is this day accounted one of the most glorious Cities of the World.  
I had thought for your greater advantage, to have fitted the writing to the Pronunciation, but having found that I could not do so, without an absolute total subverting of the foundations of the Language, I had rather teach you to read and speak together, then to show you how to speak, without being able to read, or to read without knowing how to speak. They might say nevertheless that it would prevent many difficultyes, if we did write as we speak.  
If we should write the French as you writ the English, to make you pronounce (nous) it ought to be written (noos) which is wholly repugnant to the French tongue, and cannot be done without involving you into a World of difficultyes, as (Run) for (Rents) may as well signify (Rang) order, as (Rents) a Reddo, (Grace) for (Grass) or (Graces.) Grace in the singular number, signifies (Favour) or Pardon, & (Grass) signifies (fat;) & thousands of other equivocal words which would so become ridiculous. And which is more, take away but one letter the accent is lost: 'Tis true, we may sometimes take away the (s) only to facilitate our Language to strangers, but it is upon condition that we put an accent in its place, which implies its necessity.  
Having therefore maturely considered, that I was more obliged to make you follow the rules of the French Academy, and of the most learned pens of France, than my own Caprichio's and those fancies which I should innovate myself, teaching you to speak French without being able to read any other book than that I should present you with: but our Language, which is so highly esteemed of all strangers, for its noble Etymologies of Greek and Latin will not suffer itself to be so dismembered by the ignorance of those which profess it, not having one letter which doth not distinguish one word from another, the singular number from the plural, the Masculine Gender from the feminine, or which makes not a syllable long or short, as when you, yourselves say bread (panis) & bred (educatus,) you pronounce not the (A;) yet it is necessary for the distinction, you pronounce (not, not) and people (people) and a thousand other words. I conclude then that it is not by an ill grounded reverence which we bear to Antiquity that we pair not the skin of our Language; but we are obliged to it by an absolute necessity: And seeing till now no man hath dared to give it the last stroke, I would not be so impertinent as to give Laws where I ought to receive them. I have therefore conformed myself to the most skilful writers, and will give you nothing but what they all approve, and the other Masters of the Languages; amongst the which I reckon Master Penson, & Master Festeau, who are good Masters and many others,  
Farewell.   

Ad Illustrissimam Dominam D. Annam Rous linguae Latinae peritissimam, filiam honoratissimi D. Thom. Rous de Lench Equitis aurati.  
NObilis Herôum soboles, Heliconis alumna,  
Quo mea virtutes carmine musa canet?  
Anglia ferto rosas, jungant sua lilia Galli,  
 caput exornet digna corona Deae.  
Illud adhuc tantis restabit dotibus impar,  
Coelitùs expectes debita tot meritis.  
Pallas, juno, Venus, tibi sempiterna precantur  
Vota, timentetenim morte perire tua.  
Musatace; at tu tanta canas praeconia, laudem,  
Materiam laudis quae dedit, ipsa canat.  
Vota aversaris! sed quid si vota Dearum  
jungantur nostris? annue utrisque simul.  
Claudius Maugre.   

Pour Mademoiselle Marie Crane.  
ILlustre & sçavante merveille,  
Enqui nature a mis ce qu'elle a de plus beau,  
Celuy qui faict le jour par son divin flambeau,  
Ne veit jamais vostre pareille.  
Minerve dont l'Antiquité,  
Revera la science autant que la beauté,  
Cede à vostre merite extréme.  
Si son sçavoir fut glorieux,  
C'estoit un ovurage des Dieux:  
Mais vous, vous ne devez le vostre qu'à vous mesme.   

Pour Mademoiselle Isabelle de Colladon.  
L'Astre dont les regards firent vostre naissance,  
Dép artit largement ses plus riches thresors  
Lors que pour vous former & l'esprit & le corps,  
Il versa dessus vous sa plus douce influence.  
La beauté, la vertu, l'esprit, le jugement,  
Dont il vous a pourveu si liberalement,  
Vous mettent à bon droict dans le rang des merveilles.  
Mais les langues sur tout, dont vous avez le prix,  
Font advoüer à tous, qu'avecque les abeilles  
Vous goustez les douceurs des roses & des lys.   

Pour Mademoiselle Elisabeth Crane.  
Stance.  
SOus un Astre divin vous pristes la naissance,  
Il détourna de vous toute fatalité,  
Vous ouvrant le chemin de la felicité,  
Respandit dessus vous sa plus douce influence.  
Lon voit un Ange en vous dépeint naifuement;  
Cet éclat si brillant, ce sainct deportement.  
Ces traicts si delicats, sur un si beau visage,  
Nous doivent assûrer de la faveur des Cieux,  
De laisser parmy nous habiter ces bas lieux,  
Vn si bel abbregé, de leur divin ovurage.   

Pour Mademoiselle Elisabeth Hatton.  
NOble rejetton d'une tyge,  
Qui peut bien disputer les roses & les lys,  
De chanter vos vertus flambeau des beaux esprits?  
C'est à quoy, mon dévoir m'oblige:  
Mais si vostre extréme sçavoir  
Qu'on ne sçauroit vanter, sans un divin pouvoir  
Ne veut pas permettre à ma muse  
De Chanter l'ouvrage des Dieux,  
Cest qu'il vous est peu glorieux  
De souffrir les défauts d'une plume confuse.   

Pour Mesdemoiselles Ieane & Elc: Hatton.  
BEaux rejettons d'une naissance,  
Qui faict honneur à l'Albion,  
Le haut éclat de vostre nom,  
Qu'on peut bien traicter d'excellence,  
A precedé les conquerans,  
Sans jamais souffrir de dommage:  
Quoy que le fiel d'un méchant âge  
Renversast les plus triomphans.  
Lon peut bien voir vostre noblesse  
Sur un front, si Majestueux,  
Ou les faicts les plus glorieux  
De vos peres brillent sans cesse.   

A Monsieur Mauger Professeur de Blois.  
C'Est en vain médisans diseurs de bagatelle,  
Que vous vantez si fort vos escrits empruntez.  
Respectez les Autheurs, qui vous les ont prestés,  
Sans oser avec eux aller en paralelle.  
Si MAUGER, par sus vous en nostre art le plus rare,  
A déja hautement à Blois gaigné le prix  
Parmy les Professeurs, & les plus beaux esprits;  
Suiurez vous le chemin du Malheureux Icare.  
Par son Serviteur & amy Penson.   

Carmen Alcaicum in honorem perdocti Domini Claudii Maugerii Philosophi insignis, oratoris eloquentissimi, linguarumque peritissimi Magistri.  
TV Gallicas spinas colis ut rosas,  
Magister ex cultis capias bene est;  
Dignos tuo spondent labori  
Saecula fructus: age & paterna  
Exinde si messem tibi denegat  
Tellus; malorum livor edax tuam  
Sidente laudem gloriamque  
Rodat, habe tibi faventes  
Extraneas gentes memores tui  
Laboris: ardentesque tuis studiis  
Posse referre dedicatis  
Praemia digna tuaeque samae.  
Per E I Schureum de Walt A: A: LL & Theologiae Magistrum ac juris utriusque Doctorem.   

In librum Domini Claudii-Maugerii Rhetoricae & linguarum antea Magistri Blesis.  
RAra avis in terris liber es, volitabis in orbem,  
Pande alas, cygnus niger ubique volat.  
Anglica docta tibi Romana & Gallica lingua,  
Moeonio an poter as doctius ore loqui?  
Herculeum curtâ scribis brevitate laborem,  
Te duce, Grammaticae taedia nulla viae.  
Accipite immensi memores monumenta laboris,  
Fama canat laudem non tacitura tuam.  
J. Spatwood.   

ERRATA.  
Pag. 85. ills, pag. 194. Sorbonne, pag. 209. n'estce pas la mesme qui a demeuré icy, pro broüille la charte, pag. 62. maison toison moisson, pag. 211. Marguerite, pag. 225. ne s'estoitil pas.   

New and easy DIRECTIONS for the French Tongue.  
A: b: c: d: e: f: g: h: i: l: m: n: o: p: q: r: s: t: u: x: y: z: pronounce these letters as the first Syllable of these words followings.  
A a, 'las, Be b, side si c, der de d, liver a e,, as you pronounce it in English  
eff f,. I g, ' ay ash h, e (e i,) as you pronounce it in English l, eal,  
am m, a n, own o, do not pronounce it as (oo) or ȣ̂ φ in Greek.  
peptition, Cuew q,. earr r,, eass ˢ tea ᵗ, ewe ᵘ eex ˣ eeygreake, zead z..  

ba, be, be, by, bo, but, by.  
ca cé ce ci co cum cy.  
ça, cé, ce, ci, ço cum cy.  
da dé de di do du dy.  
fa, fé fe fi, fo, fu, fie.  
ga, gé, ge, gi', go, gum, gy.  
gna, gné, gne, gni, gno, gnu, gny.  
gua, gué, gue, gui.  
ha', he, he, high, ho, hu, high.  
ja, jé jè ji jo ju, j'y.  
la lé le li lo lu .  
ma, mé, me, mi, more, mu, my.  
na, né ne ni, no, nu, ny.  
pa, pé, pe, pi, po, pu, py.  
qua qué que qui quo quu cu.  
ra ré re ri ro ru ry.  
sa, sé, si, so, sum, so, sy.  
ta té te ti to tu ty.  
va, ué, ve, vi, vo, vu, vy.  
xa, xé, xe, xi, xo, xu, xy.  
za zé ze zi so zu.   

Pronounce diligently these words for the preparation of your tongue.  
Bau, beau, béant, bion, boiveau, buisson, byron; broüiller.  
Caille, ceans, céant, cion, coigneau, cuisson, cyron,  
Archange, chaos, chat, Cheville, Chiffon, cochon Chute, Chyrurgien,  
Eau you ieu, eü eu eyes, .....  
D'eau deité declarer doüaire Dieu, deésse, digne, duire, dymer.  
Faillir, feu, féau, fille, foison, foible, fuiser, finer.  
Gaillard, gagner, resigner gueux goüille, guille.  
Hais, heaùme, heure, houblon huis huistre hybou.  
J'aille, jois, joignons' joy j'euse Juif, guider.  
Laille leave, luisant l'ouye lay loix lais.  
Maille, miais, moüiller moyen, malignant meure.  
Naille, niaiser s'agenoüiller, née, nieüe nüe nyois.  
Paillard peau pieté, poviller, boüillonner, puiser, patroville.  
Magnifier, mailler, mien, muire moüiller miel.  
Naistre naut, sergeant, neiger nuire niaiser.  
Gloire, glaive, gland, oeil, oeuf, boevure ayant.   

Pension, maison, maçon, marry, courüe.  
Aimée, païs de me, ne te, se tu pu que qu'il.  
Mais soye moy toy soy luy nous vous elles.  
Orgneil oeil düeil vieïl, vieux vieille.  
Ville loin, poinçon raison glorifier.   
A. Pronunciationis regulae. A. The rules of pronounciation. A Pronunciatur aperto ore, & aliquando breviùs, aut longiùs tamen sonat: nimirùm ante g E X G. âge longius, quando solum est littera & non Syllaba, longius ut (aa,) said in Syllaba, brevius ut ba, nè dicas (baa.) ante p. brevius căpable, ante b longius pamble; comparamble, ante t, breve băttu: (am) (an) ('em) (en) am, an sonant 'em en, 'em, en, ut, am, a, apud Aulicos, ame sonat âme. a ante (ou) perdit sonum, (o) eliditur ut paon, dic pan, (ai) ante duplex ll retinet suum sonum ut (paille) ai ante alias consonantes ut é ut palais pallés. a aunt l, est longius Canles, ante duo, ss, brevius. 
A Is pronounced with an open mouth; notwithstanding some time it is longer some time shorter.  
For example, before g as two aa, âge say age.  
When a is but a letter all alone, it is pronounced longer than when it is joined to an other vowel; for being alone as (aa), before p it is shorter, as capable, before b longer as pāble. before t. it is short (saoul,) dic sous, ante on retinet as bättu; am, a, change their sound with 'em en, so 'em en, with them. patiēmment, patiammant, enlever, anlever, embellir ambellir, but if i be before, it keepeth its old sound as parisien, do not say parisian a before ou in the same syllable is lost, saoul say sous. a, before on is pronounced and the o is lost paon, pan.  
Ai, as é, ai before two ll, keepeth its old sound bailler, a before l, is longer Gales.  Au sonat o, autant otant an't e, m, brevius (Camu) excipe âme. ante os 1 cbaos a, o, simul audiuntur. ant d, brevius, malăde, salăde. a ante ff brevius, ăffaire. ant pp brevius, apporter. ai ante g a sonat solito more & i dat liquefactionem syllabae gaigner nunc gagner gaillard, ay ut é parleray parleré. Au as (o) when it is the part of a syllable; as do (dau) otherwise o is owe— if it be well pronounced. an before (m) (n) shorter Camu, ante os it keepeth its old sound, chaos. both a and o pronounced. before b is short; mălăde salade; before two pp, short apporter. ai before (g) is pronounced as it was before, gaigner gagner gaillard: ay as é parleray parleré. Ante, r brevius. arriver, a in quibusdam verbis sonat ut e, nempe in Charete, guitarre: sed nunc scribuntur Cherete, guiterre. A before rr, shorter arriver, in some words its sounds like e, as Charete, guitarre, but now these words are written as they are pronounced. E. E. Galli habent tria genera (e) unum masculinum, aliud foemininum, tertium verò apertum. The French have three sorts of (e) one masculine, the other feminine and the third open. (E) Masculinum sonat distinctè, & vocatur masculinum, ob sonum masculinum dignoscitur & notatur accentu, ut beauté, dic beautay, E Masculine soundeth distinctly and clearly; and is called Mascul: for its masculine sound it is known and marked with an accent, as beauté beautay. Secundum foemininum, & secum suam etymologiam fert, ob sonum admodum debilem; vix enim auditur; & si inveniatur in ultima syllaba non ferè pronunciatur; ut pere sonat per. non tamen ut Latini pronunciant per praep: sed paululùm longius. Ut penr. ut Angli pron: come come & non pron: ultimam fere litteram sic etiam Galli. The second is called foem. and bringeth with it its Etymology, because it is pronounced with a weak sound, specially if it be found in the latter end of a word; as peer say per, not as the word pair pronounce it as in come you do not pronounce the (e) but you say come. Tertium est apertum & ut paucis absolvam pronunciatur ut (e) in (domine.) The third is called an opem e; this is pronounced between the masculine and feminine, and is pronounced as the Latinn (c) in Domine. Em ut jam dictum est sonat am. patiemment patiammant. Em as we have said already. like am, as in the word patiemment patiamment. En sonat an, additur etiam (e) in quibusdam verbis ut meliùs: fi verba desinant in her in infinitivo, ut je mangeay, je gageay nous gageons nous mengeons fit authoritate gallica. En sound as an, we add e in some verbs for to render the pronounciation the sueeter as mengeons and not mangons, and that by the French authority. Reperitur e apertum ante has literas p l, n, s, t, r f c g h; deputer denier, derober, etc. E open is found, before these letters p, l, n, s, t, v, f, c, g, h; députer, dénier. In tertia persona verborum pluralis numeri si (e) praecedat (nt) non audiuntur, v: g: Ils parlent, loquuntur. dic ils parle. Observe that in the third person plurale of verbs, if e be put before nt, nt are not pronounced as ils parlerent say ils parlere. Ei, ut é, peine péne. E in fine dictionis si praecedat i sonat ut aliud i, ravie, dic ravii. Ei as é, peine péne, e in the later end of a word if i be before it, is sounded like an other i ravie ravy. I. I. Pronunciatur ut apud Latino's, Germanos, Italos, Batavos: sed apud Anglos sonat ut nostrum (e) sed debent illud pron: ut (ee) vel ut pronunciant nunc in celeberrimis suis universitatibus, (tibi) (mihi.) Is sound as does the Latin's Germane, italians, Hollanders: but the English pronounce it as our (e) but it must be pronounced as they do in their most famous universities. tibi, mihi. Observa 2. i ante duplex ll in quibusdam substantivis pronunciari cum liquefactione, ponendo linguam sub palato, fille ferè ut Itali pronunciant gli figle (figliololo) gentle, excipe omnia nomina composita ex voce ville, quemadmodum infinitum eorum numerum in Gallia habemus. Quae hanc normam spernunt. Ut Barneville, longueville contranuille. Observe 2. that i being sound before a double ll. is sound with a kind of liquefaction putting the tongue under the  as the word fille, gentle. But you shall except all these words that are derived from this voice ville, having almost all the names of our French Villages ended in ville, as longueville, Barneville. these words do not follow that rule. Observa 3. i nunquam recte poni, inter duas vocales sed (y) ut ayant non ajant, nisi sit consonans. Observe thirdly that i a vowel is never put between to vowels but in stead of it (y) as ayant, not ajant. O. O. Multa de häc litterâ dicenda mihi videntur, cum magnum sit discrimen inter Gallos ipsos propter reformatam à Cardinale Riccoloco pronunciationem & fusius dicerem, nisi longior in tradendis regulis viderer paucis absolvam. I have many things to say concerning that letter O, because there is so great a contest among the French men themselves: some part of the pronounciation having been reform by Cardinal Richelieu; and lest I should be to tedious unto you, I will explain it in few words. Ois nunc pron: in quibusdam locis és, sed non in omnibus: attente audiant Tyrones linguae Gallicae. Ois in some substantives is pronounced és, but in all words, let the beginner of the French tongue hear. Primo ois, sonat és: in omnibus imperfectis sive indicativi sive optativi verborum. je parlois, je parlés I'aïmerois, I'aimerés. 1. Ois sound as és in all imperfects tenses of verbs, both of the indicative and optative. For example, je parlois I did speak say je paarlés. je parlerois I should speak je parlerés. Secundò in aliquibus substantivis in fine dictionis. ut François Françés, Hollandois, Hollandés. Excipe Artois non Artés. 2. In some substantives words of many syllables, as François say Francés. Hollandois, Holland. Except (Artois) do not say Artés. Danois Suedois melius sonant quam Danés Suedés. Tertiò oi retinet suum sonum, in omnibus monosyllabis, ut (fois,) bois. 3. Hey is pronounced as it was formerly in all the words of one syllable as fois, bois, Blois. Quartò ois in omnibus infinitivis verborum tertiae conjug: ut avoir, pouvoir, nè dicas pouver, auér. 4. Hey in all the infinitive moods of the verbs of the third conjugation as pouvoir avoir, do not say pouver. Quintò in omnibus substantivis desinentibus in, (r) espoir, pouvoir potestas, & no espér, pouver. 5. In all substantives ending in oir, as espoir, do not say espair. Sexto Oy abhorret, ab illa regula foy, loy, moy, toy, ne dicas fé, lé, mé, té, 6. Before (y) oy is always pronounced as formerly, as moy, toy, soy, loy, etc. do not say mé tay, etc. Septimò ante x non observat regulam, loix, ne dicas lés. 7. Before x also loix, not lês. Octauò, ante n Coin. 8. Before n coin. Nono, in prima syllaba vix vel nunquam pron: és poisson, poison, foison, boison, moisson, etc. Excipe, soible, dic féble, Blois ne dicas Bles. 9 In the first syllable of words it keepeth its old sound, as poisson, except, foible say feeble. Decimò, si quae nomina desinant in quois, sequuntur, veterem pron: Objicietur in veteribus authoribus scribi je parloy; non ita nunc, je parlois. Excipe tamen je croy, dic je crois je crés. 10. If some word end in quois, it is pronounced as formerly, it is written in old books, je parloy but now je parlois. Si inveniatur oe, o perdit sonum, ut soeur, dic seur, boeurre, dic beurre. If you find oe, the o looseth its sound, therefore say seur, boeure, bourre. Si a praecedat non auditur ut paon, dic pan. O quidam Galli volueruut poetam imitantes pronunciare ut ȣ̂ apud Graecos: sed caeteri ab illa abhorrent pronunciatione. If a be put in the same word before o, the o looseth its sound, as paon, pan, etc. Some Frenchmen imitating some poets have pronounced o, as the Greek (ȣ̂) but now it is out of use. U aliquando est consonans; aliquandò vocalis; si consonans, hoc charactere pingitur (v:) si vocalis u: sed cum plures Galli illud pingant (u) pro consonante & vocali indifferenter notarunt u vocalem duobus punctis (ū) tunc est vocalis ut avoüer: u primum, consonans, secundum vocalis, a voüer fateri. U sometime is a consonant, and sometime a vowel, if it be a consonant it is written thus (v) if it be a vowel it is written ü, but because some French men never regard it they mark ü vowel with two points ü, advoüer, the first u is a consonant, the second a vowel, advoüer. V, u, eodem modo pronunciantur, ponendo lingnam sub palato sine auxilio labiorum. V, u, are pronounced in the same way putting the tongue under the palate without any help of the lips. Sed quando jungimus illud vocali, tunc syllabam pronunciamus cum ope labiorum, tenendo semper linguam sub palato, ut (vo.) But when we join it to an other vowel, we pronounce the syllable with the help of the lips, holding our tongue still under the palate, as (vo.) Si quaedam nomina desinant in üe (e) pron: ut aliud u, ut sonsüe, dic sansuu. If you find some words end in üe (e,) is pronounced like an other u as moulüe moulûu. Y pronunciatur ut i & vulgo in monosyllabis reperitur, in loco i, ut fie fie, in verbis saepe secundae conjugationis in participiis, praeteriti ut finy finitus. In presenti ut je finy. In imperativo ut finy, ravy, etc. ponitur semper inter duas vocales ayant & non ajant. Y is pronounced as our i and commonly in the words of one syllables as fie it is put specially in the participles of the verbs of the second as ravy. In the indicative as je ravy; in the imperative as bevy, and commonly between two vowels as ayant and not ajant. Observatio secunda. The third Observatioo. Consonans ante consonantem non auditur, sed dat vim suam syllabae praecedenti: ut parler François, dic parlé François. A consonant before an other consonant is not pronounced, but notwithstanding giveth its strength to the letter which is before as in parler François. you say parlé François, because the e is not pronounced after the old way the e is made open. R. R. Observa primo, r in fine semper pronunciari, licet sequatur consonans. Cum sit liquida sed solùm non pronunciari in verbis primae conjugationis & secundae, & quando e praecedit, ut conseiller dic conseillé, sed in omnibus aliis audiri, ut pouvoir, avoir, ardeur dur fort mentenr, excipe Monsieur dic Monsieu. Observe that r, in the later end of a word to be pronounced, except in the verbs of the first or second conjugation, when an other consonant is following and in all the other nouns ending in es, except they be of one syllable as conseiller, say conseille: but in the words of one syllable r is always pronounced as mer fer, and in all other nouns, as pouvoir, ardeur, in the infinitive of verbs of the 3, as avoir but say Monsieu, not Monsieur. L, m, n, hanc normam etiam spernunt, semper pronunciantur, ut sell, renom, non. L, m, n, are pronounced in the latter end of nouns, as sell, renom, garçon. B, obmutescit in fine dictionis, ut plomb, dic plom, non auditur etiam in debvoir, dic dévoir, & observa semper suppressâ literâ praecedentem literam notandam esse accentu, ut dévoir, in loco dcbuoir. The French do not pronounce b in the later end of a word, as plomb, say plom, it is not also pronounced in débuoir, but say dévoir and mark the e with an accent, as è. C. C. Cha sonat apud Anglos sha', in omnibus vocibus derivatis à Graecis. Sonat ut apud Latinos Charitas apud Anglos, ka, ut Chaos Archange. Cha is pronounced as the English pronounce sha', when it is found coming from a Greek word, it sounds ka; as Archange 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaos. ç caudatum sonat ut ss, ut maçon, masson, leçon, lesson, in fine monosyllaborum pronunciatur, invitâ consonante ut sec, excipe blanc franc. In vocibus duarum syllabarum meliùs pronunciatur; ut avec moy: quasi dicas, aué moy sub intelligi potest à verbo I'ay. C. with a little tale under, is pronounced like ss leçon, lesson. C in the words of one syllable is pronounced, as sec, dry. In this word avec is better to be pronounced them other way. D in fine dictionis sequente vocali sonat ut t, quand irés vous? dic quant irés vous. D sounds like t, in the latter end of a word before a vowel, as quaud irés vous, say quant irez vous? Observatio. Observation. Si verbum desinit in e vel a ante il, elle, on, vitandae asperitatis causa addimus- t- ut viendra-t il? etc. Is a verb doth end in e, or a, before i'll, elle, on, the French to void harshness of sound put t between them. In fine dictionis nullâ sequente vocali non pronunciatur, ut grand dic gran. D in the end of a word when no vowel followeth, is not pronounced, as quand say quán. Si reperiatur in prima syllaba in vocibus derivatis a Latinis, auditur, ut admirer, mirari, admirable. D in the first syllable sometime is pronounced, and sometine not, in these words that are derived from the Latins, it is heard as admirable, admirabilis. In vocibus vero pure Gallicis obmutescit advancer dic avancer. In other words it is not pronounced, I mean when they be pure French words as advancer, properare avancer. F. F. In fine dictionis monosyllabicae pronunciatur, sequente adjectivo f non auditur, ut oeuf, oeuf frais dic oeu frais. F being the last letter of monosyllabes is pronounced, oeuf boeuf, but if it is joined with an adjective then f, is not heard, as beuf frais, say boeu frais. Si reperiatur duplex, prima syllaba producitur, ut deffendre défendre. If it be found double its maketh the syllable longer as, deffendre, say défendre. G. G. G in fine monosyllaborum sequente vocali sonat c ut sang, dic sanc, sanguis. In the end of monosyllables it is pronounced as c, as sang say sanc sanguis. Angli pronunciant gloire, d'loire: sed ita pronunciare conentur gueloire. The English do pronounce gloire, d'loire, but it must be pronounced thus, gueloire. Gui sonat ut gift, gea ja. Gui, as gift, if you take away, ft, gi'. H. H. Aliquando est litera, aliquando est muta littera, si sit litera reperitur in vocibus propriè Gallicis; si muta reperitur in illis nominibus derivatis à Latinis ut homme, homo. Inter consonantem & vocalem non sonat, nec prodest, ut apud Anglos: Angli enim dicunt the, Galli te, Mathieu Galli dicunt Matieu, Angli Mazieu. Sometime is a letter sometime it is not pronounced, if it beginneth a word coming from the Latins, than it is not a letter. As for example homo (homme:) but if it beginneth a word purely French, than it is pronounced as honte, hache, shame, in the middle of a syllable it is not pronounced as the English do, E: G: Thomas, s the English say Zomas, but the French Tomas. In fine dictionis nullo modo pronunciatur Estomach, dic estomac, luth, lut. In the later end of a word it is not pronounced Estomach, estomac. Hae sunt voces Gallicae, honte, honteuse, harp, harnois, haster, hache, hardy, haut, haure, in illis h pronunciatur. These words are pure French honteux, haster, haut, haure. Excipe à regula generali Hollande & hungry in quibus h Pronunciatur. Except Hollande and hungry, the h is pronounced although these words come from the Latins. L. L. Pronunciatur in fine ut sell, universel. Is pronounced in the end sell salt universel. Observabit extraneus, Gallos' nunquam ponere duo ll in fine dictionis sine vocali, ut Angli shall, etc. It is to be observed that the French do not put a double ll at the end of a word without a vowel as the English do. M. M. In fine dictionis sonat ut (n) v: g: renom. dic renon, nom, nomen non, Is pronounced in the later end of a word being a liquid, and is pronounced as n, as garçon boy nom non. In medio vero dictionis sequenti, n, sonat n, ut condamner dic condanner condemnare. In the middle of a word it is pronounced as (n) also condamner say condanner. N. N. An sonat en, pronunciatur in fine; non tamen duriter ut Angli, ut bon Angli bonne. In tertiâ personâ verborum ante t si e praecedat non sonat, ut parlent parle. Sounds an; and is pronounced nevertheless; not so hard as the English men pronounce it; for they pronounce bon, bonne, the French bon. In the third person of verbs if e be before n, it is not pronounced. as parlent say parle. P. P. Sonat (pea) & non pronunciatur in fine horum nominum, nempe, temps, champs, sed dic tans, chans': sed tamen scribitur ut linguae Gallicae Tyro: & in lingua Latina versatus videat talem vocem descendere à Latinis. Sounds pea; it is not pronounced in the end of those words Champ, temps: therefore say tans' chans': but nevertheless it is written to show; it cometh from the Latins. In fine monosyllaborum auditur, trop, nimis phe sonat fe ut trophy; Orpheus Orphée, dic Orfée. In the end of monosyllables is heard trop. Q. Q. Utimur Q. quando Latini utuntur in suis Latinis vocibus ut Quadragezima le quaresme in in tali occursu sonat karesme aut ut c caresme. Is pronounced as the word keme, qua as ka: qui, as the Italian chi. R. R. Ut apud Anglos si sit absque vocali; sed si e praecedat, tunc non duriter profertur, ut aimer to love, Angli pronunciarent aimerre, Just as with the English if it be without a vowel. But if the vowel e is before, than r is not pronounced so hard as parlér say parlea. In fine verborum primae conjugationis nisi sequatur vocalis aut reperiatur in fine membri aut incisi aut sententiae non auditur, sed vim suam dat praecedenti e as parler dic parlé, non tamen tam aperte quàm é masculinum: sed inter m: & F: ut Angli parlea. In omnibus substantivis & verbis tertii ordinis auditur, ut pouvoir, voir. In the end of verbs of the first conjugation if a vowel do not follow, or is found in the end of a member period or sentence r is not pronounced, but giveth its strength to the e as parlour say parlea which e is between the e masculine and feminine; if not altogether masculine, but open and it is pronounced as the Latin e in Domine, r is pronounced in all the words of the third conjugations, as pouvoir. In omnibus vocibus finitis in eur, sonat, ut menteur. In all words ending in eur, it is pronounced, as menteur. In aliis substantivis pronunciatur leviter, ut leger. In all other substantives it is pronounced more softly. In monosyllabis r sonat durius mare ferrum mer fer, ut Latini fer. In the words of one syllable r is pronounced as the English mere, as father, more openly. Verùm si invenias rt in fine nominis, pronuncia solum r, ut mort mortuus mor, fort, for. Observe again, if you find rt in the end of a word pronounce only r, as mort, mor, fort, for. Ob miseram o, sonat apertè, ut Angli owe, & nunquam ut 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, nisi sequatur u ou. On sonat ut oun apud Anglos, & ut apud Graecos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bon Angli dicunt boun. I had forgotten to speak of o, it is pronounced as owe and is never pronounced as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks, on as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, bon boun. S. S. In prima syllaba si e praecedat non auditur: ut eslever, escrire, tollere, scribere. In the first syllable it e be before, it is not pronounced as escrire, to write eslever to rise, etc. Exceptio. Exception. festin epulae a feast esperer sperare to hope escrimer rest to finth estimer rester to stime Geste restituer Gest presque Gestus almost prescrire praescribere to command esprit ingenium wit esperance spes. hope prescription  prescription respirer  to breath testifier.  to testify Si praecedant, i, a, u, s, auditur, disputer, aspirer u, us ambuscade. Now if a, i, u, are before s it is pronounced, as disputer ambuscade. In medio dictionis trium aut quatuor syllabarum, auditur s. s. as Monastere. Excipe honest, honestus. In the middle of a word of three or four syllables, is pron: as Monastere, except honest, Si invenias o ante s in eadem syllaba auditur; ut post. When o is in the same syllable with s, then s is pronounced as pocte. Excipe oster tollere, host, hostellcrie, hospes hospitium, vel diversorium. Except, oster, to take away, and host say oter and hot. Paucis absolvi quid spectat difficultatem hujus litterae; & nihil fere dicendum super est, difficultatem enim enucleavi. & in omnibus vocibus in quibus non pronunciatur obmittitur & e fit masculinum, ut eslever dic élever. Sed quia multi veteres pervolvunt authores regulam adhibui. I have said enough conecrning that great difficulty in a few words, and I think it all that can be said. I have set the rule only for those that love to look upon old authors where eslever is written for in the news s is surpressed as élever. S inter duas vocales sonat z; ut, desirer, dezirer. S between two syllables is pron: as z. T. T. Ut apud Anglos, si invenias ü in compositione Gallica notatum duobus punctis est vocalis, sine punctis est consonans, ut voüer. As with the English, if you find ü in the French composition with two little accents over it: it u a vowel as ü voüer. X. X. In fine ante vocalem sonat s, ut paix, pais in verbo soixante ut duplex s. soissante. In the end before a vowel is pronounced s paix pais, in that word soixante as soissante. Y. Y. Sonat ut i, & semper ponitua inter duas vocales, ut ayés, & in imperativis secundi ordinis ut basty. Is always pronounced as i & is put between two vowels, as ayant, and in the imperative moods of the verbs of the second order. Z.  Ut apud Latino's, &c. semper e.   
Finis Pronunciationis.   

TYROCINIUM LINGUAE GALLICAE DE ARTICULIS.  


CAPUT I.  
GAlli duos solù habent articulos in usu: In Nominativo singulari, le, la; le inseruit nominibus masculinis: ut le Roy; la verò foemininis ut la Rhine, In Nominativo plurali unicum adhibent pro utroque genere; ut, les Roys, les Reins. Sic declinatur nomen masculinum.  
Singulariter. 


Le Roy Nominativus. Hic Rex.  
Du Roy Genitivus. hujus Regis.  
Au Roy Dativus. huic Regi.  
Le Roy Accusativus. hunc Regem.  
o Roy Vocativus. o Rex.  
Du Roy Ablativus. ab hoc Rege.     
Pluraliter. 


Les Roys Nominativus. Hi Reges.  
Des Roys Genitivus. horum Regum.  
Aux Roys Dativus. his Regibus.  
Les Roys Accusativus. hos Reges.  
o Roys Vocativus. o Reges.  
Des Roys Ablativus. ab his Regibus.     

Exemplum nominis foem.  
Singulariter. 


La Rhine Nomin. Haec Regina.  
De la Rhine Genit. hujus Reginae.  
A la Reinc Dativ. huic Reginae.  
La Rhine Accus. hanc Reginam.  
o Rhine Vocat. o Regina.  
De la Rhine Ablat. ab hâc Reginâ.     
Pluraliter. 


Les Reins Nomin. Hae Reginae.  
Des Reins Genit. harum Reginarum.  
Aux Reins Dativ. his Reginis.  
Les Reins Accus. has Reginas.  
o Reins Vocat. o Reginae.  
Des Reins Ablat. ab his Reginis.     
Si verò occurrat nomen masculinum incoeptum à vocali, aut ab h, litterâ mutâ; ob euphoniam, vitandae asperitatis causâ, quam duarum vocalium concursus afferret; mutuò accipiendus est articulus nominativi, & interponendus his duabus vocalibus, ne sonum rudiorem edant: cave igitur dieas, l'homme, du homme, verùm, 

l'homme. Hic homo.  
de l'homme. hujus hominis.  
à l'homme. huic homini.  
l'homme. hunc hominem.  
o homme. o homo.  
de l'homme. ab hoc homine.  
l'Empereur. Hic Imperator.  
de l'Empereur. hujus Imperatoris.  
à l'Empereur. huic Imperatori.  
l'Empereur. hunc Imperatorem.  
o Empereur. ò Imperator.  
de l'Empereur. ab hoc Imperatore.    
Pluralis numerus retinet suum articulum, les, des, aux, les, des.  
Si ita contingat, nomen incoeptum à vocali, aut h mutâ, articulum indefinitum sibi vendicat: ut, l'Empereur, de l'Empereur; quia articulus indefinitus praecedit articulis ipsis: ut, de l'ame. H, est muta, si reperiatur in vocibus, quae derivantur à Latinis: ut, homo, homme; si verò in vocibus propriè Gallicis occurrat, est littera, & pronunciatur: ut, honte, hameau: ne dicas in genitivo de le hameau, sed du hameau; & sic de aliis.  
Propria virorum nomina, mulierum, & ut uno absolvam verbo, omnium rerum facie virili aut muliebri pictarum, quaeque etjam brutis animantibus non insita à naturâ imponuntur, ita declinantur: ut, 

Pierre,  
Pierre,  
de Pierre,  
o Pierre,  
à Pierre,  
de Pierre.  
Bucephal, de Bucephal, etc.    
Lingua Gallica non abhorret à caeteris vernaculis linguis in applicatione articulorum nominativi utriusque numeri; id quod exemplis illustrabo. Itali dicunt il ré: Angli, the King.  
Attamen observandum est, si Angli interrogentur per quaestionem quà, in propriis Provinciarum, & Regnorum appellationibus tacere articulum: v. gr. Par où passerez-vous? quà transibis? Angli respndent, par France, Anglicè, by France: caveant igitur ab isto Anglicismo. Si verò Galli respondeant huic quaestioni, in propriis provinciarum appllationibus, quarum incognita illis est vernacula significatio, tacent articulum: v. g. Pour aller à Londres, je passay par Kent: est provincia Angliae.  
De Articulis Nominativi hactenùs satis. Pauca de Articulo Genitivi delibabo.   

Duplex est apud Gallos Articulus Genitivi, Definitus, & indefinitus.  
DEfinitus dicit aliquid certum & particular: v. g. I'ay leu un Arrest du Parlement de Paris, Decretum legi Senatus Parisiensis: C'est le commandement de la Reine de France, Reginae Galliarum est imperium. Quòd si rem non definiamus nominatim, sed gencratim tantùm dicendo persequamur, dicendum exit, I'ay leu un Arrest de Parliament, Senatus-consultum legi: quia non magis praedicatur de Senatu Parisiensi quàm de Senatu Rothomagensi. Rem faciet liquidiorem exemplorum varietas: à la battaille de Norlinghen un Cavalier fut blessé d'un coup de pistolet, praelio ad Norlinghen, equestris stlopi ictu sauciatus est: Le Mareschal de Gassion fut blessé d'un coup de mousquet, Gassionius Mareschallus castrorum Praefectus, missâ catapultâ graviter vulneratus fuit. Si verò significare etiam velimus, v. g. quo tormento aliquis vulneratus sit; sic Gallicè dicendum exit, Vn homme fort considerable receut un coup du canon qui estoit braqué sur la contrescarpe du fossé, vir quidam perspectissimae virtutis, tormenti globo ex aggere fossae excusso, vulneratus est: Il m'a donné un coup de l'espée qu'il gaigna à la battaille de Lens, Illo me caecidit ense, quem pugnâ ad Lincium commissâ assecutus est.    

CAPUT II. De Applicatione indefiniti.  
SI nomen adjectivum praeponatur substantivis, utendum est articulo indefinito: ut, c'est un Prince de grande esperance, magnae expectationis est Princeps.  
Si illud tamen clarè definiamus, licèt praecedat substantivo, definito utimur: u.g. Ce tombeau enferme les cendres du grand Henry de Mommorency, In hoc reclusi cineres sepulchro magni Henrici Momorantii asservantur. Si verò praeponatur nomini substantivo pronomen, eodem utendum est articulo; ut, LOVIS XIV. triomphera de nos ennemis, LUDOVICUS decimusquartus triumphum de hostibus nostris referet.  
Indè excipies pronomina absoluta, quae definitum sibi vendicant articulum. Haec vox, Meilleur, si occurrat in comparativo gradu, indefinitum sibi poscit articulum: v. gr. Nous avons de bon vin, il ne s'en boit point de meilleur, generosum valdè nobis est vinum, nec usquam suavius bibitur. Sed si reperiatur in superlativo gradu, sibi definitum vendicabit: v. gr. Arristote étoit un des meilleurs philosophes qui ayent jamais esté, unus ex praestantissimis omnis memoriae Philosophus extitit Aristoteles.  
Plus, in comparativo gradu requirit indefinitum: u.g. La France produit de plus brave hommes que l'Espagne, Gallia longè praestantiores, quàm Hispania, viros procreate. In superlativo verò petit definitum: u.gr. Cét homme est un des plus considerable de ce siecle, hic vir inter hujus saeculi clarissima lumina numetandus est.  
Ante haec adverbia ponitur articulus indefinitus: nempè, fort, si, assez, beaucoup, tant, trop, aussi: u.g. Alexandre le grand estoit d'assez belle taille, Alexander magnus staturâ satis ad dignitatem apposita erat: Il estoit suivy de tantde braves gens, fortissimos habuit comites, & quamplurimos: Il formoit de si genereux desseins, & generosa omnia erant quae meditabatur consilia.  
Praepositiones volunt articulum indefinitum antè se: ut chés, aprés, contre, environ, à l'entour, auprés: v. g. je viens de chés vous, venio ex aedibus tuis: je hcurtè à la porte d'aprés la uôtre, fores pulsavi, quae proximae sunt tuis.  
Datur idem articulus materiae, ex qua aliquid componitur: u.gr. Cheval de bronze, equus ex aere Corinthio: Toison d'or, vellus aureum: Escu d'or, nummus aureus. Si verò materiam velimus exprimere, utendum erit definito articulo: v. g. Ce manteau est fait de la lain, que j'ay achétée cette semaine, hoc pallium factum est ex lanâ, quam hâc hebdomadâ emi.  
Post adverbia quantitatis ponitur idem articulus: v. gr. Pompée avoit beaucoup de courage, Antioque trop peu de coeur, Neron trop d'inpudence, Pompeius magno & exelso fuit animo: Antiochus molli & enervato: Nero impudentia insigni. At verò si adverbium quantitatis occurrat in aliis rebus, quae possunt frangi sine corruptione alterius partis, si definiamus aliquid tale, & non aliud, utendum est articulo indefinito: v. gr. Donnez-moy un peu du vin que nous beûmes hire, da mihi parùm vini, sed de codem quod heri bibimus.  
Adjectiva copiae & egestatis, eundem volunt articulum: v. gr. Cette Tour est pleine de munitions de guerre, munitissima haec est Turris, & omni commeatuum genere refertissima: Cét homme est pavure d'esprit, non multùm ille homo abundat ingenio.  
Si nomen substantivum propriis regnorum ac provinciarum appellationibus praeponatur, utendum est indefinito: v. gr. Royaume de France: Province de Picardy: Duc de Bourgongne, etc. Cour de Parliament. dic Cour des Aids, non Cour d'Aydes, Supremi ordinis curia: Causis patrimonii Regii disceptandis consessus.  
Sic Adjectiva laudis: ut, digne de loüange, laude dignus.  
Substantiva qualitatis eundem requirunt articulum: v. gr. Le Mareschal de Gassion estoit homme de coeur, Mareschallus Gassionius vir fortissimo, & generoso in periculis animo fuit.  
Illa nomina quae dicunt privationem, aut defectum, pari gaudent articulo: v. g. Eclipse de Soleil & de Lune, Solis eclipsis & Lunae.  
Datur idem articulus post verbum manquer: ut, manquer d'argent, career pecuniâ.  
Ante numeros reperitur idem articulus: u.g. le Roy d'Espagne perdit une armée de dix mille hommes à Rocroy, decem millia hominum ad Rocrojam fusa sunt.  
Eundem petunt articulum nomina artium liberalium, si haec vox, Maistre, praecedat: v. g. Maistre de music. Scientiarum: ut, Regent de Philosophy, Philosophiae professor. Instrumentorum musicorum: ut, joüeur de violon.  
Si definiamus, utendum est articulo definito: ut, c'est le maistre de la musique du Roy, symphoniae Regiae est magister.  
Ne dicas maistre de dance, verùm maistre à dancer: maistre en fait d'armes. Alia enim dicendi ratio usum obtinuit apud aulicos & liberaliores.  
Nomina propria urbium pari gaudent articulo: ut, Blois de Blois. Ind tamen excipienda sunt haec nomina, quae sequuntur, quae definitum sibi vendicant articulum: ut, la Capelle, la Bassée, le Pont-l'Evesque, le Ponteau de mer, le Havre de Grace, le Pont de l'Arche, le Mans, la Fléche, la Rochel, lafoy Hay. Sic, la hay, de la hay: le Mans, du Man's, etc.  
Dieu, si significet verum Deum, requirit indefinitum: ut, c'est le commandement de Dieu.  
Si verò agamus de falsis illis divinitatibus, quas colebant Pagani, utendum erit definito: ut, le Dieu jupiter: du Dieu jupiter, si definiamus talem Deum, & non alium.  
Nomina quae sequuntur, eodem gaudent articulo: propria virorum, mulierum, Deorum, daemonum bonorum aut pravorum: ut, Gabriel, de Gabriel: Marry, de Marie: Michael, de Michael: Belzebuth, de Belzebuth: Quibus addes propria, quae brutis animantibus, non illis à naturâ insita, imponuntur: ut, Bucephal, de Bucephal.  
Articuli volunt ante se indefinitum: ut, de l'argent.  
Force duplicem habet significationem: aliquando significat violentiam, aliquando multitudinem. Si significet violentiam, requirit indefinitum: ut, à force d'hommes le Roy a pris Bourdeaux, Rex non nisi egregia militum virtute, Burdegalas ad deditionem coëgit. Si verò significet multitudinem, est adjectivum: ut, force femmes: force soldats, multi milites.  
Haec verba, orner, nerichir, vestir, covurir, gaudent eodem articulo: u.g. une maison ornée de tapisserie, peristromate decorata domus: une femme vestüe de soye, sericis vestibus ornata mulier: couverte de terre, terrâ cooperta.  
Nomen modi, quo aliquid fit, sumit indefinitum: ut, la mer est agitée de tempests, turbidis tempestatibus turbatur atque commovetur mare: Il a fait cela de guét à pens, hoc fecit deditâ operâ: Il brusle de desir, desiderio ardet: Il meurt de faim, fame perit, & propè enectus est: enflé de gloire, tumidus superbiâ.  
Adjectiva cupiditatis eundem observant: ut, ambitieux de loüange, laudis referendae perquàm avidus: envieux de gloire, gloriae cupidus.  
Nomen mensurae: ut, un, boisseau d'avéne, avenae modus.  
Adjectiva formae: ut, beau de visage, pulcher vultu.  
Bien, quantitatiuè sumptum poscit definitum.  
Nomina mensium & dierum poscunt eundem articulum: ut, de januier, de Mardy.  
Articulus unitatis sibi eundem vendicat: ut, I'ay receu une lettre d'un de mes amis.  
Animadverte, à poni in Dativo, quando non definimus aliquid tale, aut aliud: ut, I'ay communiqué ma maladie à des Medecins; non magis praedicatur de Medicis Blesarum, quam de Medicis Turonum.  
Sed si definiamus, utendum erit definito: ut, I'ay communiqué ma maladie aux Medecins de Blois.   

CAPUT III. De Articulo Definito.  
CAetera verò nomina definitum volunt articulum: ut, Le Seigneur, du Seigneur, etc.  
Si fiat fractio alicujus rei, sine corruptione alterius partis, utimur articulo Genitivi: u.g. Donnez moy du pain, cedo mihi panem. sed si totum petamus, dicendum erit, Donnez moy le pain qui est sur la table. Si verò Adjectivum, ut superiùs dixi, praeponatur nomini cujus partem aliquam petimus, utendum eritarticulo indefinito: ut, Donnez moy de bon pain. Ludus qui recreat aures, sibi Genitivum poscit: ut joüer de la musette.  
Omnis alius ludus, Dativum assumit: ut, joüer à la bowl, ludere globis.   

CAPUT VI De Adverbiis Motus.  
GAlli tria habent motus Adverbia, sive tres, ut Latini, quaestiones: nempè Où, id est, ubi, vel quò: D'où, id est, unde: par où, id est, quà. Animadvertendum est, si interrogeris per où, esse respondendum, sive de quiet, sive de motu, in dativo; si de propriis urbium nominibus agatur, cam articulo indefinito: u.g. Où allés-vous? à Paris, quò vadis? proficiscor Parisios'. De quiet, Où demeurés-vous? à Londres, ubinam terrarum habitas? Londini.  
Ind excipies illa propria urbium nomina, de quibus dictum est infrà: nimirùm la Rochel, etc. quae propria nomina sibi vendicabunt definitum articulum: ut, il va à la Rochel, etc.  
Si verò agatur de propriis Regnorum, aut Provinciarum appellationibus, utimur praepositione En: ut, Où allés-vous? en France: en Normandy: en Languedoc, etc. Animadverte praetereà, si Pronomen Nomini praeponatur, eandem esse adhibendam praepostionem: u.g. Il va en mon jardin: en ma maison: en son écurie, petit domum, etc.  
Observa secundò, praepositionem istam en, non cadere in articulum le; itaque si occurrat, utendum esse articulo dativi: ut, I' iray au jardin, & non en le jardin.  
Si quaestio fiat per où, in his Provinciarum appellationibus, utere praepositione dans: ut, Anjou: Poictou: Perigor: Dauphiné. ut, Il est allé dans le Poictou, le Dauphiné, etc.  
In caeteris aliis nominibus utendum est articulo Dativi: ut, aller aux champs: au Sermon.  
Si haec vox, Ciel, sumatur pro Paradiso; requirit articusum definitum: ut, son ame est au Ciel, ejus anima est in coelis.  
Enfer, & Purgatoire, volunt praepositionem En: ut, Il est en enfer: en Purgatoire.   

CAPUT V. De Quaestione d'ou: Id est, Vnde.  
SI quaestio fiat per Vnde, id est, d'où: Gallicè respondendum est in Genitivo: u.g. Unde venis? d'où venés-vous? je viens de la maison, venio domo: je viens de la ville: je vine des champs, venio ex urbe: venio rure.  
Si verò agatur de propriis urbium, suburbiorum, oppidorum, ac pagorum appellationibus; utendum est articulo indefinito: ut, je viens de Rome, venio Româ: de Clery: de Chyverny: de Vienne.  
Ind excipies, lafoy Rochel, & illa urbium nomina, de quibus jam dictum est, quae sibi articulum definitum vendicant: ut, je viens de la Rochel, venio Rupellâ, etc.  
Hoc proprium suburbii nomen excipitur, nempè le Fois, Fagus: ut, je viens du Fois: Suburbium est Blesense.  
A propriiis Pagorum appellationibus excipiuntur, la Chaussée, la Chapelle Vendomoise, la Chapelle blanch, & alia quae componuntur.  
In propriis Regnorum nominibus, utendum est articulo indefinito: u.g. Il vient de Pologne, de France, d'Angleterre.  
In propriis Provinciarum, Ducatuum, atque Comitatuum appellationibus, ponendus est articulus indefinitus: ut, je viens de Normandy, de Tyrol, de Picardy. Potest tamen poni articulus definitus: sed non tam accuratè excipiuntur ab illa regula, le Languedoc, Tectosagi: la Beausse, Vadicassius Occidentalis ager: le Dauphiné, Delphinatus: le Limosin, Lemovices: le Perigor, Petrocorii: le Poictou, Pictones; quae definitum poscunt articulum, poriùs quàm indefinitum: ut, je viens du Poictou, venio ex Pictonensi solo.  
Si verò nomen adjectivum, aut pronomen substantivo praeponatur, utendum erit articulo indefinito: ut, je viens de ma maison, venio ex aedibus meis: Il revient de sa métairie, redité sua villa.  
Si haec vox, Ciel, significet Paradisum, alio gaudet articulo: u.g. Dieu est descendu du Ciel, Deus descendit de coelo. Enfer assumit potiùs definitum, quàm indefinitum: ut, le diable sort à tous momens des ensers, pour tourmenter les pecheurs, praevaricator angesus singulis momentis, peccatores excruciaturus, ex inferis egreditur.   

CAPUT VI De Quaestione quà: Id est, par où.  
SI quaestio fiat per quà, id est, par où; respondendum est in nominativo, repetendo articulum: u.g. Quà transibis, par où passeres-vous? Par la fenestre, per fenestram.  
In propriis urbium, oppidorum, suburbiorum, pagorum, nostra non abhorret lingua à caeteris aliis vernaculis: utuntur enim non secùs ac Galli, praepositione par: u.g. Quà transibis? par où passeres-vous? par Blois, Blesis: Angli dicunt, by Blois.  
In propriis nominibus Regnorum & Provinciarum, Ducatuum, Comitatuumque reperimus articulum: ut, par où passer ésvous? par la France: par le Dannemarc, etc.  
Non repetimus tamen articulum in illis, quorum non satis est nota nobis vernacula appellatio: ut, quà transibis? Par Kent: est Provincia Angliae: Suffolx: Norfolk.   

CAPUT VII. De Gradibus Comparationis.  
TRes enumerantur, ut apud Latino's: positivus, comparativus, & superlativus. Positivus est nomen adjectivum: ut fort. Comparativus sibi poscit ante se plus: ut plus fort. Semper post comparativum sequitur, que: u.g. Le Roy de France est plus puissant que le Roy d' Espagne, Rex Galliarum est potentior Rege Hispaniae. Cave igitur ne incidas in communem & vulgarem linguae imperitis atque insolentibus Gallicae errorem, & more Latinorum dicas, Petrus est fortior joanne, Pierre est plus fort de jean; verùm que jean.  
Bon, manvais, non admittunt plus; sed meilleur, pire. Petit, dicitur plus petit, ou moindre; le plus petit, ou le moindre.  
Sic distinguimus superlativum gradum; si fiat comparatio, addimus articulum ante plus: ut, Ciceron estoit le plus grand orateur de son temps, Cicero eloquentissimus totius sui temporis orator extitit. At verò si nulla fiat comparatio, tacemus articulum: u.g. Alexandre estoit, tres-vaillant, fortissimus fuit Alexander, armisque acerrimus.  
Si fiat comparatio, superlativus gradus regit genitivum: ut, C' est le plus sçavant homme de tous, hic vir omnium est litteratissimus.   

CAPUT VIII. De Apostrophe.  
HAe tres vocales, a, e, i, sequente alia vocali, eliduntur. a solùm eliditur in articulo la; ut, l'ame, & non ante alias vocales: i solùm patitur elisionem in si particulâ, ante il: ut, s'il vous plaist: eliditur e, in monosyllabis: ut. que, me, te se. etc. ut qu'il: non eliditur e, in ce, si apponatur virgula, aut si sumatur pro celà; alioquin eliditur ante verbum substantivum: ut, c'estoit.  
In dissyllabis, e, solùm eliditur pronunciando, & non scribendo. Ind excipe quelqu'un, chacqu'un: quelqu'une, chacqu'une: puis qu'il.   

CAPUT IX. De Formatione Pluralis Numeri.  
FOrmatur pluralis numerus, si addantur hae litterae, s, x, aut z: tamen z rarò reperitur in usu; sed illius loco ponitur s, notando e accentu: ut, aimés.  
Omnia igitur nomina volunt s, in plurali, si excipias ea quae desinunt in all, quae volunt x: ut, animal, animaux.  
Quae desinunt in all, habent vulgò x: ut émail, èmaux.  
Ind excipe Bocal: attiraïl: maïl: serraïl: naval: bal: call: poictral, quae sibi vendicants, & none x: Ciel, Cie●x, Genoüil: uér üil capiunt x: ut, uéroux, etc. Vieïl, viéux: Artificiel, artificieux: Vniversel, universaux.  
Quae desinunt in eau, eu, volunt x: ut, seu, feux: beau, beaux: ●eil, yeux.    


CAPUT I. De Generibus Nominum.  
GAlli tria admittunt genera: Masculinum, Foemininum, & Commune.  
Omnia nomina, quae sinita sunt per has litteras, b, c, d, f, g, h, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, x, y, z, sunt masculini generis: id quod exemplis illustrabo: ut, plomb, plombum: bléd, frumentum: oeuf, ovum: sang, sanguis: estomach, stomachus: sell, sal: renom, fama: garçon, puer: champ, ager: cocq, gallus: rabis, pyropus: bonnet, nocturnus pileus: choix, delectus: nez, nasus.  
Haec sunt Foeminini Generis. 


Mercy, misericordia.  
Brebis, ovis.  
Souris, mus.  
Faim, fames.  
Leçon, lectio.  
Rançon, redemptionis pretium.  
Moisson, messis.  
Pasmoison, animi deliquium-  
Façon, modus.  
Raison, ratio.  
Maison, domus.  
Prison, carcer.  
Foison, copia.  
Boisson, potio.  
Toison, vellus,  
Mer, mare.  
Cour, aula Regia.  
Fleur, flos.  
Rancoeur, simultas.  
Douleur, dolour.  
Teneur, argumentum.  
Tour, turris.  
Largeur, latitudo.  
Longueur, longitudo.  
Chaleur, calor.  
Liqueur, liquor.  
Pudeur, ingenuus pudor.  
Ardeur, ardour.  
Douceur, dulcedo.  
Faveur, gratia.  
Chausses, tibialia.  
Venaison, caro ferina.  
Main, manus.  
Fin, finis.  
Putain, meretricula.  
Chair, caro.  
Blancheur, albedo.  
Rougeur, rubor.  
Vigeur, vigour.  
Pesanteur, gravitas.  
Splendeur, splendour.  
Lueur, fulgor.  
Fureur, furor.  
Aigreur, asperitas.  
Saveur, pultarium olus.  
Amours, amores.  
hards, supellectilia.  
Meurs, mores.  
Decrotoires, peniculus.  
Erreur, error.  
Mort, mors.  
Hard, virgeum lorum.  
Part, pars.  
Poix, pix.  
Croix, crux.  
Paix, pax.  
Vne fois, semel.  
Orgues, organa.  
Mouchettes, candelaria forfex.  
Dent, dens.  
Profondeur, profunditas.  
Espoisseur, densitas.  
Rigueur, severitas.  
Poor, timor.  
Valeur, valour.  
Couleur, colour.  
Odeur, odor.  
Senteur, idem.  
Chandeleur, Purificatae Dei parentis festus dies.  
Espoussettes, vestiaria scopula.  
jument, jumentum.  
Nuict, nox.  
Forest, sylva.  
Chaux, calx.  
Faulx, falx.  
Perdrix, perdix.  
Toux, tussis.  
Voix, vox.     
EFoemininum non solum maximam extraneis affert difficultatem, verum etiam peritioribus in linguâ edocendâ magistris, qui nondum hactenus, licèt diu hanc difficultatem agitare conati sint, eam aperire linguam addiscentibus potuêre. Attamen, quamvis indoctiorem me omnibus aliis longè fatear, dicam primò omnia nomina in e desinentia, esse foeminini generis, si sint proprie Gallica: quod exemplis illustrabo.  
Balance, arquebuse, banniere, branch, harangue, charge, bride, caracole, digue, etc. Trutina, catapulta, vexillum, ramus, concio, onus, fraenum, equestris in gyrum praecursio, moles.  
Si quae desinant in egg, age, iege, rade, amme, asme, eme, esme, air, are, err, sunt Masc.  
Ab age excipies illa quae descendunt à Latinis: ut, rage, rabbiss: plague, image, cage, etc. Page, margo, marge.  
Excipies à regula generali, bransle, mask, coffer, cuiure, date, desastre, grief: prima motio, larva, arca, aes, exaratae Epistolae; dies, calamitas, tabularii forensis vectigal: Quibus addes infinitivos verborum: ut, le boire, etc.  
Illa nomina, quae terminantur in e foeminino, sunt foeminini generis, si deriventur à Latinis foem. ut, mater, mere.  
Omnia nomina quae descendunt à Latinis, masculinis, vel neutris, sunt masculini generis: ut, pater, pere: thema, theme.  
Ind excipies, Asperges, Asparagus: auge, alveus: studia, estudes: haleine, anhelïtus: dentelle, denticulus: angoisse, angor: quae sunt foeminini generis.  
Quae desinunt in ée sunt foeminini generis: ut, armée, exercitus. Excipe ea quae descendunt à Latinis masculinis: ut Atheus, Athée: & propria virorum: ut, Pompée, Pompeius.  
Quae desinunt in é notato, sic distinguimus: si sint propriè Gallica, aut descendant à participio praeteriti Latinorum, sunt masculini generis: ut, aimé, amatus: costé, latus.  
Si vero à Latinis in tas: ut, bonitas, bonté; sunt foeminina.  
Quae desinunt in a sunt masculini generis: ut, un fa.  
Adjectiva quae desinunt in e foem. sunt communis generis: ut, honest homme, vir honestus: femme honest, mulier honesta.  
Nomina in ion quae descendunt à verbalibus in io, sunt foem. generis: ut, consideration, consideratio.  
Insinitivi verborum, & adjectiva, aut pronomina substantivis carentia: ut, le manger: le mien, le nostre, nostrum: le haut.  
Nomina propria deorum, hominum, Angelorum, bonorum aut pravorum, sunt masculini generis.  
Nomina dignitatum, artium Mechanicarum, artium liberalium, officiorumque ad virum attinentia, sunt masculini generis: ut, Pape, Pontifex maximus: Boulanger, Pistor: Musicien, Musicus: Conseiller, Consiliarius.  
Nomina ventorum, mensium, dierum, masculina dices.  
Nomina fluviorum sequuntur genus suae terminationis; sicut. & propria regnorum, aut provinciarum.  
Nomina propria mulierum, Dearum, sunt foemini generis.  
Nomina dignitatum, artium liberalium, aut Mechanicarum, ad mulierem pertinentia sibi foemininum genus vendicant: ut, l'Abbesse: lafoy Conseillere, etc.  
Propria urbium sunt masculini generis; si haec vox, Ville, non praecedat: ut, Londres est beau. Sed si haec vox, Ville, praecedat, dicendum erit, la Ville de Londres est belle, & non la Ville de Londres est beau.  
Nomína fructuum sunt foeminini generis, si excipias ea quae finita sunt per unam harum litterarum, de quibus infra dictum est: ut, Melon: aut descendant à Latinis masculinis: ut, cucumber, Concombre.  
Nomina mensium in compositione, sunt foeminini generis: ut, la my-Septembre, quae desinunt in u, y, vel i, masculina dices: ut, festu; excipe vertu, glu. In, eau, au, ay, eu, ou, ut foeminini generis: ut, couteau, gladius, etc.  
Nomina monetarum masculina dices, si excipias, pistolle, maille, pite.  
Nomina quae imponuntur brutis animantibus, si de masculis agatur, masculina sunt: Si de foeminis, foeminina sunt: ut, Bucephal, Sybelle, nomen canis foeminae.  
Genus confunditur in illis volucrum nominibus; haec enim sunt foeminini generis pro utraque specie: ut, 

Becasse, rusticula.  
Corneille, cornix.  
Pie, pica.  
Grieve, turdus.  
Griie, grus.  
Arondelle, hirundo.  
Mauve, gavia.  
Cicoigne, ciconia.  
Aloüette, alauda.  
Perdrix, perdix.  
Caille, coturnix.  
Cercelle, querquedula.  
Choüette, noctua.  
Beccassinne, parva rusticula.  
Chauvesouris, vespertilio.    
Caetera vero sunt masculini generis pro utraque specie: ut, 

Merle, merula.  
Estourneau, sturnus.  
Geay, graculus.  
Poulet, pullus.  
Faisan, phasianus.  
Perroquet, psittacus.  
Hibou, bubo.  
Falcon, falco.  
Rossignol, luscinia.  
Coucou, cuculus.  
Vautour, vulture.  
Vaneau, parra.  
Pigeon, columba.  
Ramier, palumbes.  
Becasson, minimum genus rusticularum.  
Esprevier, accipiter.  
Heron, ardea.  
Butord, stellaris ardea.  
Passereau, passer.  
Plongeon, mergus.  
Pinçon, frigilla.  
Corbeau, corvus.  
Tiercelet, mas accipiter.    
Nomina propria quae imponuntur piscibus sunt masculini generis pro utraque specie: ut, saumon, salmo, etc.  
Ind excipe ea quae sequuntur, quae sunt foeminina pro utraque sua specie: ut, 

Lamproye, fluviatilis muraena.  
Anguille, anguilla.  
Truitte, trutta.  
Carpe, cyprinus.  
Molüe, molucius.  
Perche, perca.  
Escrevisse, astacus.  
Alose, alosa.  
Tanche, tinca.  
Sole, solea.  
Baleine, balaena.    
Quod ad turpes & venenatos vermiculos, illi sunt masculini generis pro utraque specie, si excipias, coulevure, coluber.  
Quae desinunt in üe, licèt descendant à Latinis masculinis, sunt foem. ut, visus, veüe.  
Quae desinunt in ie, foeminina dices: ut, voirie, aggestitia urbis purgamenta.   

CAPUT II. De Pronominibus.  
GAlli dividunt pronomina in personalia, demonstrativa, possessiva, relativa, & indefinita.  
Personalia sunt haec: je, moy, tu, toy, i'll, luy, nous, vous, eux, ils. je, moy, unicum illud interse statuunt discrimen, quòd je, tanquam persona inserviat verbis: ut, je parle, ego loquor; moy verò solum participio praesentis: ut, moy aimant. Si fiat interrogatio, personam postponimus verbo: ut, seray-je cela? parleray-je? an loquar etc.  
je, debet semper adhaerere suo verbo: tamen in temporibus compositis verborum, si negationes aut pronomina occurrant, interponuntur personae, & signo. Per signum intelligimus verba auxiliaria, ex quibus componuntur tempora composita: u.g. je ne vous ay pas dit cela, non tibi hoc dixi; cave dicas, j'ay ne vous pas dit cela.  
Observa, si duae negationes & pronomen occurrant in his temporibus, primam negationem praecedere pronomini; pronomen verò signo, & ultimam negationem participio: ut, je ne vous ay pas aymé, ego non te dilexi. Moy, ponitur absolutè: ut, qui a fait cela? c'est moy, & non, c'est je. Haec tamen dicendi ratio abhorret à mortuis, ut ajunt, linguis; dicunt enim Latini, ego sum. Moy, dicitur per admirationem: ut, vous avez sait cela; moy! si velimus exprimere me in accusativo Latinorum, vertendum est, moy, in me: ut, ille me amat, il m'ayme. Imperativus retinet, moy; ut, donnez moy, da mihi.  
Tu, toy, idem inter se statuunt discrimen, ac moy je; Tu est persona quae inservit verbis, & non removetur à suo verbo: Toy, solum inservit participio praesentis: ut, toy parlant: te amat, il t'ayme. Si exprimas, mihi, tibi, in dativo, moy, toy, vertuntur, in me, te; ut, tibi dixit, i'll t'a dit, etc.  
Il, luy; il est persona: ut, il parle, ille loquitur: luy, solum praeponitur participio praesentis: ut, luy aimant.  
Si fiat interrogatio, postponimus personam: ut, parlerat-il? qui a fait cela? luy! oüy luy: c'est luy que j'ay veu, ille ipse est quem vidi; luy, igitur ponitur absolutè facta interrogatione. Imperativus modus retinet, luy: ut, donnez luy, da illi.  
Observa, luy, poni in dativo pro utroque genere absque interrogatione; u.g. allez chez Monsieur, & luy dites, eas ad Dominum, & dicas illi; pro foeminino: eas ad Dominam, & dicas illi, allez chez Madame, & luy dites: facta vero quaestione, ne dicas pro foem. luy, sed elle: ut, à qui avez vous donné cela? à elle. Cui hoc dedisti? illi. Exprimimus illum, illam, illud, Gallicè le, la; illi verò per luy, absque interrogatione: u.g. illum video, je le vois: illam tueor, je la deffends: illud exopto, je le veux. Exprimimus illos, illas, illa, per les: u.g. illas vidi, je les ay veües: illos amavi, je les ay aimez. Elle, & , inserviunt verbis loco nominativi: ut, elle parle, illa loquitur:  parlent, illae loquuntur.  
Eux, & leur, discrimen inter se statuunt; leur, ponitur, quando exprimimus Gallicè, illis, sine interrogatione: u.g. dediillis, je leur ay donné: dixi illis, je leur ay dit. Eux ponitur si fiat interrogatio: ut, à qui avez vous donné cela? à eux, à elles; alioquin pro utroque genere: ut, je leur ay donné. Nous, vous, sunt personae verborum, & quando patiuntur, praecedunt verbis: u.g. ille nos amat, il nous aime: vos jubet hoc facere, il vous commande, etc. Factä interrogatione postponimus, nous, vous; ferons nous? ferez vous? si exprimamus, nobis, dicendum erit, nous; vobis, vous: ut, nobis dixit, ilnous a dit. si exprimamus, me, te, se, post praepositiones, dicendum est, moy, toy, soy: u.g. chez moy, luy, toy, &c, contre toy, etc. Moy, toy, soy, luy, elle, sibi articulum indefinitum vindicant: ut, moy, de moy, à moy, de moy, etc.  

Demonstrativa.  
CE, cét, cette, celuy, celle: masculinum genus admittunt, ce, & cét; ce, ante consonantem: ut, ce cheval, hic equus, cét, antc hmutam, aut vocalem: u.g. cét homme, cét enfant; & articulum sibi poscunt indefinitum: ut, ce, de ce, à ce, etc. Celuy celle, eundem sibi vendicant articulum: celuy, & celle, requirunt post se relativum: ut, celuy que vous aimez: celle quei'ay veüe; cave dicas, elle que i'ay veüe: luy qui ayme Dieu sera savué, ut ajunt Angli, he which loveth God shall be saved. Celuy cy, celuy là, discrimen illud inter se statuunt: quod, celuy cy, denotat aliquid proximè nobis adhaerens: celuy là, aliquid magis remotum tamen, ce, cela, differunt; quòd, ce, praecedat semper que: u.g. ce que je vous ay dit, est uray: quod tibi dixi, verum est.  
Ce, praecedit verbo substantivo, pro utroque numero si referatur ad supradictum verbum: u.g. ce sont mes amis, amici mei sunt: c'est bien la raison, ratio postulat. Facta interrogatione, ce, postponitur substantivo: ut, quel homme est ce? Contrà si ad adjectivum referatur, utendum est cela: ut, cela est utile, hoc est utile: c'est beau, non dicitur.  
Il, ce, discrimen illud inter se statuunt; quod, ce, proprie demonstrat actionem hominis, c'est bien raisonné; sed, il, particula essentiam rei aut qualitatem ostendit: ut, il est bien fait, il est bien vestu.  
Ceux, requirit relativum post se: ut, ceux qui aiment Dieu, illi qui amant Deum: & non eux qui aiment Dieu, seront sauvez: illi qui diligunt Deum, salvabuntur.    

CAPUT III. De Pronominibus Possessivis.  
MOn, ton, son: meus, tuus, suus: ma, ta, sa: mea, tua, sua. Observa, ma, ta, sa, verti in, mon, ton, son, sequente vocali, vitandae asperitatis causâ, quam duarum vocalium concursus afferret: cave igitur dicas, ma ame; verùm, mon ame, anima mea: tmespée, tuus ensis: son amante, etc. In plurali, mes, tés, ses; ses, pro pronomine possessivo sumitur: ut, ses amis. Ces, est pronomen demonstrativum: ut, high homines, ces hommes.  
Exemplum pronominis possessivi: Rex jubet suos milites pugnare, le Roy commande à ses soldats de combaitre.  
Mien, tien, sien, ponuntur vulgò absque substantivo, & assumunt articulum: ut, j'ay recen une lettre de mon amy, accepi unam epistolam ab amico meo; respondebit alius, & moy une du mien. Dicitur tamen. un mien amy: un sien amy: un tien amy.  
Nostre, vostre, si jungantur substantivis, in plurali capiunt, nos, vos: ut, nos amis, vos amis. Absque substantivo sequuntur regulam: ut, les nostres, les vostres, & definitum sibi vendicant articulum: ut, j'ay receu une lettre de nostre amy, accepi epistolam ab amico nostro; respondebitur, & moy une du vostre, etc.  
Leur, capit s, in plurali, si velimus exprimere, suos, suas, sua: ut, principes administrant suos populos, les Princes gouvernent leurs peuples.   

CAPUT IU. De Pronominibus Relativis.  
HAec relativa, le, la, les, pónuntur, si velimus exprimere Latinè illum, illam, illud, illos, illas, illa, ut superius dixi: u.g. amo illum, je l'aime: je la vois, illam video: illos verberavi, je les ay battus, etc.  
Qui, que, in hoc differunt, quòd, qui inserviat verbis, loco nominativi: ut vidi unum hominem, qui mihi dixit hoc verbum, j'ay veu un homme qui m'a dit cette parolle. Si vero exprimamus, quem, quam, quod; quos, quas, quae; ante verbum activum ponendum est, que, pro utroque genere: ut, pater quem amo, le pere que j'aime: mulier quam deperibat, la femme qu'il amoit: mulieres quas vidi, les femmes que j'ay veües. Post praepositionem remanet, qui, licèt exprimamus, quem, quam, quod, etc. u.g. contra quem, contre qui: apud quem, chez qui, & Si vero fiat interrogatio; quem petitis? qui demandez vous? id est, quel homme demandez vous?  
Quell, & lequel; laquolle, & quelle, differunt; quòd, quel, ponatur factâ interrogatione, sine comparatione: ut, quel homme a fait cela? Si fiat comparatio simul & interrogatio, additur articulus: u.g. lequel des deux a fait cela? uter amborum hoc fecit?  
Quelle & laquelle eandem observant regulam. Sic distinguimus, qui, & lequel, vel laquelle. lequel eleganter ponitur initio periodi, repetendo supradictum substantivum: ut, lequel homme dit, etc. Si antea de tali homine fuerit sermo, laquelle idem observat, ac lequel. Don't ponitur loco duquel, vel de laquelle, desquels desquelles: u.g. l'espée dont uòus m'avez bliss, quo me caecidisti ense, etc.  
Y est particula relativa; non declinatur, & ponitur loco praepositionum, referens locum vel rem: u.g. nous y sommes enclins, huic rei propensi sumus: u.g. va till à Paris? il y va: petitne Parisios'? petit reverà.  
Galli abhorrent à caeteris vernaculis idiomatibus non solum, sed à mortuis, ut aiunt, linguis: utuntur enim auxiliari, I'ay, pro substantivo je suis, si velint narrare aliquid praeteritum: u.g. il y avoit: I tali dicunt, era; Latini, eràt; Angli, there was: & haec phrasis cùm differt ab aliis linguis, propriè est Francismus.  
En relativa denotat personam: u.g. qu'avez vous receu de vostre Maistre? quid accepisti à Domino? i'en ay receu quatre pistols, accepi ab eo quatuor philip picas.  
Denotat rem: u.g. que croyez vous de cela? quid de hoc credis? ie n'en croy rien, nihil omnino credo.  
Denotat portionem: u.g. avez vous de ce pain là? i'en ay.  
Denotat locum: u.g. venez vous de Paris? i'en vieus. Il y en a, id est, Il y a des personnes. In quâ ratione loquendi abhorremus à caeteris vernaculis linguis & à Latinis: dicunt enim Latini, sunt homines: Itali, so●o homini. Tout le monde m'en veut, id est, tout le monde est fasché contre moy.  
En refertur ad partem aut quantitatem alicujus rei: ut, avez vous appris la music? i'en ay appris une party. Denique utimur en, quando fugimus repetitionem: u.g. avez vous des valets? suntne tibi servi? i'en ay.   

CAPUT V. De Pronominibus Indefinitis.  
CHaque & chacun, statuunt illud discrimen interse, quòd chaque jungatur substantivo; ut, chaque iour: chacun verò, raro praecedit substantivo.  
Quelque & quelqu'un idem inter se ponunt discrimen: quelque jungitur substantivis; ut, quelqu' homme: quelqu'un, absque substantivo. Haec pronomina vendicant sibi articulum indefinitum: ut, quelqu'un, de quelqu'un, à quelqu'un; quelque, de quelque, à quelque, etc.  
Personne, si significet neminem, sumit semper negationem ne: ut, personne ne l'aime, nemo illum diligit. Il & on differunt, quòd il inserviat verbo impersonali: ut, il saut, oportet. On, est vocabulum quo utimur, si velimus tacere nominativum: ut, on dit cela, hoc dicitur; vel quando authorem alicujus nuntii pervulgati non novimus: ut, qui dit cela? on le dit.    


CAPUT I. De Formatione Substantivorum Foemininorum.  
FOrmantur substantiva foeminina adden do tantummodo e: ut, Charpentier, lignarius faber, Charpentiere, (ita dicitur ejus uxor;) Conseiller, Consiliarius; dic pro foeminino, Conseillere.  
Quae desinunt in ien, sumunt duplex n: ut, chien, chienne. In on, addunt ne: guenon, guenonne, simia. Prince & Comte sumunt sse: ut, Prince, Princess; Comte, Comtesse.  
Quae desinunt in eur, capiunt euse: ut, menteur, mendax, pro foeminino, menteuse; Procurer, Procureuse, Procurator, Procuratrix. Ind excipies, Acteur, Empereur, Electeur, Ambassadeur, Tuteur, Inventeur, Amateur, Protecteur, Consecrateur; quae reddunt, Actrice, Imperatrice, Electrice, Ambassadrice, Tutrice, Inventrice, Conservatrice, Protectrice. Vengeur, pecheur, reddunt, vengeresse, pecheresse: gouverneur, & serviteur, gouvernante, servant.  
Quae desinunt in eau, mutantur in elle: macquereau, macquerelle. Tesmoin, Autheur, Possesseur, Accuseur, Successeur, non mutantur, sed remanent in foeminino, aeque bene ac masculino. Dic, Dieu, Déesse; Roy, Rein; nepueu, niepce; leurier, leurette; fils fille; loup, louve; nourrissier, nourrice: Deus, Dea; Rex, Regina; nepos, neptis; vertagus; filius, filia; lupus, lupa; nutritor, nutrix.   

CAPUT II. De Adjectivis Foemininis formatis ab adjectivis masculinis.  
OMnia adjectiva in e desinentia sunt communis generis: ut, honest, honestus; facile, sacilis.  
Illa nomina quae desinunt in é notato, assumunt e foemininum: u.g. hebeté, hebetée. Et adjectiva in eau, mutant eau in elle: ut, beau, pulcher; belle, pulchra. In on, addunt ne: ut, bon, bonus; bonne, bona. In c, addunt che: blanc, albus; blanch, alba. Ind excipies, Grec, Turc. Public; Grecque, Turcque, Public.  
Quae desinunt in g, sibi volunt pro foeminino ve: ut, long, longue, longus, longa. Benin, capit g; benign, benignus, benigna.  
Quae desinunt in d, sumunt e: grand, grande. Ind excipienda sunt, crud, nud, crudus, nudus, quae reddunt, crtie, nüe; verd, verte: cave dicas, verde.  
Quae desinunt in i, & y, volunt e: ut, amy, amicus, amie, amica; jolly, jolly.  
Quae desinunt in il, vendicant sibi le: gentle, gentle.  
In s, additur e: courtois, humanus, courtoise. Excipies, bas, grass, gros, express, espais, frais, tiers; quibus addimus aliud s: ut, grass, etc. In f, addimus ve: u.g. chetif, chetive.  
In t, addimus te: net, net. Excipe prudent, patiented, quae capiunt unicum e, & praecipue si ea desinant in ent, & ant. Courtaut, noiraut, rustaut, sourdaut, capiunt de: ut, courtaude, etc.  
In u, additur e: menu, menüe. In x, se: heureux, heureuse. Ind excipe doux, douce; saux, fausse; roux, rousse. Nouveau, sequente vocali, aut h mutâ, mutatur in el: nouvel an, novus annus; nouvel host. Neuf & nouveau, quae idem significant apud Latino's, discrimen illud inter se statuunt; quòd nouveau, dicatur de rebus à divinâ providentiâ procreatis: ut sunt fructus terrae, & plantae, & herbae. Secundo de rebus quae fiunt scientiâ, vel arte liberali: ut, liure, nouveau, air nouveau. Neuf dicitur de rebus manu artificis factis: ut, table neufue; chapean neuf.    


CAPUT I. De variis Verborum Temporibus, ac primum de praesenti.  
PRaesenti utimur tempore, non secus ac Latini, caeteraeque uti solent nationes. Hoc unum discrimen, quod verbum substantivum in praesenti saepe vim habeat futuri: v. gr. Si Gallicè velimus exprimere, (Crastinus illucescet veneris dies) quod Latini per futurum tempus, nos etiam per praesens possumus; atque adeò rectè dicetur, il est demain Vendredy. Quâ loquendi ratione ut à caeteris abhorremus linguis, sic cum Graecâ, cujus est cum nostrâ in plerisque singularis affinitas, videmur nonnihil consentire. Commode enim futurum infinitivi, vel participiorum, vel per Aoristos, vel per praesens reddideris, adjuncta particula 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: ut, quid facturum ejus patrem putatis? 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, pro 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉?   

CAPUT II. De Imperfecto.  
OBservabis primò, illud tempus habere aliquid commune cum imperfecto primo optativi: u.g. si les Princes Chrestiens embrassoient religieusement les interests des Venitiens, le Turc ne prendroit pas la Candie; si (prout è religione foret) conjunctis viribus opem suppetiasque Venetis afferrent Principes Christiani, nunquam profectò Turca Cretâ potiretur.  
Secundò, utimur hoc tempore, si impedimentum afferatur actioni: u.g. le Roy d' Espagne conspiroit la perte des Provinces unies, mais la haute sagesse des Illustres Senateurs à coupé pié à ses desseins; Provinciis societatis inter se vinculo conjunctis extremam Rex Hispaniae moliebatur pernitiem, sed Illustrissimi atque sapientissimi praesides singulari sua prudentia consilium odorati pari faelicitate fregerunt.  
Utimurillo tertiò, si probandae veritatis causa testes simus: u.g. I'estois à Paris, quand on tendit les chaisnes; Parisiis tum forte aderam, cùm omnis viarum aditus injectis & explicatis catenis praeclusus est. I'estois à Gravelinne, quand son Altesse Royale y donnoit ses order; Gravelingae in obsidione fui, cùm omnia ad nutum praepositi Serenissimi Aurelianensis Ducis regebantur.  
Quartò, si agatur de actione longa quae dicat habitum: u.g. Alexandre le Grand, ayant essuyé les travaux de la guerre, alloit à la chasse; defunctis belli laboribus, interdum levandi animi causa, venationi operam dabat Alexander magnus. Sed si semel hoc contigerit, utendum est definito.  
Quintò, post actionem brevem si sequatur que, vel qui: u.g. I'ay veu aujourd'huy un homme qui alloit aux champs; vidi hodie hominem rus petentem: i'll me dit hier qu'il alloit à la Messe; mihi dixit herise ire ad Sacrum.  
Sextò, si fuerimus in eadem Provinciâ, in quâ res gesta sit: ut, I'estois en Languedoc, quand le Duc de Momorency fut decapité; in Tectosagensi solo tum aderam, cùm Henricum Momorantium plecti capite Rex jussit.  
Septimò, si sermo sit de egregiis alicujus virtutibus, qualitatibus: u.g. Elisabeth Rein d' Angleterre estoit tres-vertueuse, avoit esprit; Elisabetha Anglorum Regina eximia erat virtute praedita, ingenioque valebat.  
Octauò, si sermo fiat de aetate defuncti hominis: u.g. Henry le Grand estoit agé de 54 ans, quand il mourut; annum jam quintum & quinquagesimum agebat Henricus maguus, cùm è vivis discessit.  
Nonò, si agatur de inconstantia alicujus hominis: u.g. Ce Gentilhomme que vous connoissiez l'année passée, demeuroit tantost au Faux-bourg, tantost à la Ville; vir ille quem noveras anno praeterito, mox in urbe, mox in suburbio habitabat: il changeoit tous les iours de dessein; singulis diebus consilium mutabat.  
Decimò, observandum est, particulam si, rejectam ab imperfecto primo optativi Latinorum, in praeteritum imperfectum indicativi rejici: u.g. Simo la vertu regnoit, le vice seroit abbatu: quod Latini exprimunt per imperfectum subjunctivi; nos per imperfectum indicativi propter si: u.g. Si reguaret virtus, jaceret vitium: ne dicas, si la vertu regneroit, ut dicunt Angli, if virtue should reign. Observabis igitur si, non admitti apud Gallos in praesenti optativi: ne dicas, si habeam, si i'aye; sed rejiciatur si in praesens indicativi, si i'ay. Si occurrat in imperfectis, in imperfectum indicativi rejiciatur: si haberem, si i'avois, & non si i'aurois. Tamen si fiat dubium, poterit occurrere in imperfecto primo: ut, ie ne sçay pas s'il me seroit cette grace, nescio utrum hanc mihi gratiam concedere vellet. Particula si eleganter ponitur in plusquam perfecto secundo optativi: u.g. Simo j'eusse eu, si habuissem. said in plusquam perfecto primo, nisi fiat dubium, ne dicas si fuerim, si i'aye esté, sed si i'ay esté: caveant Angli, ne dicant si ie parleray, sed si ie parle.  
Utimur praeterito imperfecto post lors que, tandis que, pendant que, durant que i'estois, etc.   

CAPUT III. De Praeterito Perfecto.  
GRaeci praeter praeteritum perfectum habent Aoristum, hoc est definitum praeteritum; ita etiam Galli, quod eorum linguae copiam & ornatum ostendit, duplex adhibent praeteritum pro rei significandae varietate: aliud est enim certum s& definitum, quo declaratur quo tempore res gesta sit; ut anno millesimo sexcentissimo, etc. cùm impetus faceret in Gallias Iand-Werdus, totiusque Regni cladem temere meditaretur, captus fuit; dic Gallicè, le Ceneral jean de Werd voulant innonder la France par ses armes, fut pris l'an mil six cens, etc. Quia tempus exprimitur quo res gesta sit. Si vero certum tempus nolis exprimere, utere indefinito: v.g. Le Roy Lovis XIV. à veu toutes les plus celebres Villes de son Royaume, Ludovicus decimusquartus celeberrimas sui Regni urbes perlustravit.   

CAPUT IV. Quando utendum Definito.  
DE finito utimur primò, si exprimatur tempus quo res geste sit: u.g. Le Roy assiegea Bourdeaux le 16. de Septembre 1650. Rex obsidione cinxit Burdegalas decimo sexto Septembris die anno 1650.  
Secundò, quando narramus fabulam, si agatur de actione brevi. Alexandre le Grand rangea sous l'obeyssance de son Pere en son absence les Provinces revoltées, etc. Seditionem moventes rebusque novis studentes Provincias fregit Alexander Magnus, patrisque Imperio adjecit, etc.  
Tertiò, si agatur de actione brevi extincti hominis: u.g. Lovys XIII. prit la Rochel. Ludovicus decimus tertius Rupellam ad deditionem coëgit. Licèt tempus non exprimatur, non possumus uti indefinito, si agatur de extinctis hominibus; sed poteris eleganter dicere, Lovys XIV. a pris Bourdeaux, Ludovicus decimus quartus Burdegalas ad deditionem coëgit; quia tunc regnabat.   

CAPUT V Quando utendum Indefinito.  
PRimò, utendum est indefinito, quando non exprimimus tempus: ut, Le Roy Lovys XIV. a dessait les troops Espagnolles devant Rocroy, praelio ad Rocroiam Hispanorum Regis copias delevit & fusit Ludovicus decimusquartus. Si agatur de aliquo subjecto non extincto, alioquin utendum esset definito: u.g. Le Mareschal de Chastillon fut tué à Charenton, praelio ad Charantonium Mareschallus Castilionius castrorum praefectus occisus est.  
Secundò, si fiat demonstrativa temporis declaratio: u.g. Nous sommes allés de pis en pis ce siecle, cs'etan, ce mois, cette sémaine; in deterius ruimus hoc saeculo, hoc anno, hoc mense, hachebdomada. Quoties denique utimur pronomine demonstrativo, licèt tempus praeteritum sit à ducentis saeculis, si ita continge ret.  
Tertiò, si exprimamus actionem eodem ipso die quo gesta sit: u.g. I'ay esté aujourd'huy à la Messe, ad fui hodie Sacro.  
Utimur eodem tempore ante depuis: u.g. Nous avons ésté malheureux depuis deux ans, à duobus annis infortunati fuimus.   

CAPUT VI De plusquam perfecto, futuro, & Imperativo.  
DE his temporibus & modo non quidquam moveam, cùm usitato Latinorum more illis utamur, nec discrimen cum aliis linguis, habere ullum videantur: tamen cave, ne dicas, si i'aimeray, ut aiunt Angli, if I will love; sed si i'ayme: in Imperativo, ne postponas personam verbo, nisi fiat quaestio: ut, aimés-vous? amasne? vel in reciprocis: ut, levés-vous, surge. Sed noli imitari Anglos, qui dicunt, love thou, aime-toy; & Italos, qui dicunt, parli in: sed simpliciter, parle.   

CAPUT VII. De Optativo Modo.  
QUoties ista Gallicè exprimuntur, utinam, etsi, dummodo, cùm, dum, ita ut, ne, toties utendum est optativo. Signa optativi sunt, encoreque, moyennantque, pourveuque, de sorteque, affinque, de peurque, iaçoitque: ut, utinam amem, Dieu uüeille que i'aime. Triplex est particula que; affirmativa, conditionalis, & adverbialiter sumpta. Affirmativa regit indicativum: ut, je croy que vous estes mon amy, credo te amicissimum meum esse. Sed si inseratur aliquod dubium in fide nostrâ, dicimus, ie crois que Monsieur soit mon amy. Si sit conditionalis, regit optativum. Si adverbialiter sumatur, regit indicativum: ut, ie croy qu'il viendra.  
Utimur praesenti optativi, non secus ac Latini: ut, licèt habeam, encore que i'aye.   

CAPUT VIII. De Imperfectis Optativi.  
GAlli duo adhibent imperfecta, quae unum & idem sunt apud Latino's: u.g. Haberem, utinam haberem; quae reddunt Gallicè, i'aurois & i'eusse. Illud igitur inter se statuunt discrimen, quòd primum rejiciat signa optativi: u.g. Ne dicas, pleust à Dieu que i'aurois, nec, affinque i'aurois; sed sic corrige, affinque i'eusse, pourveuque i'eusse. Secundum igitur imperfectum signa supra dicta admittit, nempe, Dieu vueilleque, moyennantque, de sorteque, de peurque, etc. Ne haberet, de peur qu'il eust, affin qu'il eust; & non affin qu'il auroit. De praeterito perfecto non quid quam moveam, cùm usitato Latinorum more, eo utamur.  
Duo sunt etiam plus quam perfecta, quae idem etiam inter se statuunt discrimen: u.g. Primum non agnoscit signa, aliud admittit. Ne dicas, Dieu vueille que i'aurois eu; sed Dieu vueille que i'eusse eu. Futuro utimur, usitato Latinorum more.   

CAPUT IX. De Infinitivo.  
TRia sunt potissimum, quae docent quandonam utendum sit hoc modo. Primo, quando nomen substantivum, aut adjectivum vim habens substantivi, reperiuntur inter duo verba, quorum ultimum est in infinitivo, utendum est de: u.g. I'ay dessein d'aller à Paris, proficisci Parisios mihi proposui: il est impossible de faire cela, hoc facere impossibile est. Denique, si Latini utantur gerundio in di, u.g. Habeo desiderium te videndi, i'ay desir de vous voir; Hoc inesse discriminis mihi videtur, quòd aequè latè pateat ultima illa loquendi formula, ac prima; nimirùm, i'ay un dessein à vous communiquer: nec enim potes usurpare, nisi cùm de re illa communicanda nullam adhuc fecisti mentionem: u.g. Si occurrat tibi amicus, poteris tunc quidem dicere, i'ay un dessein à vous communiquer; Id quod Latini ita exprimunt, Habeo aliquid tibi communicandum: Ne dicas, i'ay quelque chose de vous communiquer. Sed, si ipse prior intulisset mentionem de eadem ip sa re, non posses dicere, i'ay dessein de vous dire cela, u.g. Sed dicendum erit, c'est cela que i'ay à vous dire, tantùm permutandus erit ordo vocum. Quidnam intersit inter utriusque sententiae sen sum, satis patet, aliud esse, cùm dicitur, Hoc habeo tibi communicandum consilium, &, Est mihi consilium de re aliqua tecum agere. Cùm enim dicis hoc consilium, nominatim aliquid significas; cùm verò dicis habeo rem tibi dicendam, nihil denotas post haec verba. Si sequatur aliud verbum, utimur de: u.g.  

S'abstenir, abstinere.  
Apprehender, timere.  
Charger, jubere.  
Desister, desistere.  
Continüer, pergere.  
S'efforcer, conari.  
Differer, differre.  
Permettre, permittere.  
Protester, contestari.  
Refuser, recusare.  
Souhaitter, exoptare.  
Se soucier, curare.  
Prior, orare.  
Commander, jubere.  
Supplier, supplicare.  
Contraindre, cogere.  
Persuader, persuadere.  
Dissuader, dissuadere.  
Forcer, compellere.  
Empescher, impedire.  
Detourner, deturbare.  
Divertir, divertere.  
Conjurer, conjurare.  
Conuier,  
Inviter, invitare.  
Conseiller, consilium praebere.  
Deffendre, defendere.  
Enjoindre, imperare.  
Exhorter, hortari.  
Proposer, proponere.  
Promettre, polliceri.  
Asseurer, affirmare.  
Presser, urgere.  
Haster, festinare.  
Resoudre, resolvere.  
Serepentir, poenitere.   
u.g. Te oro ut hoc facias, ie vous prie de faire cela: te cogar hoc facere, te vous contraindray de faire cela, etc. Si postponantur verbo sustantivo hae voces, aise, fasché, marry, ioyeux, content, en peine; oportet uti de: u.g. je suis aise de cela, etc.  
Observa, si duo verba occurrant, simpliciter ponendum esse infinitivum: ut Latini, volo legere, ie veux lire. Observa, si Latini utantur post verba motus supino, nos uti infinitivo simp liciter: u.g. Eo visum: ne dicas, ie vay de voir; sed, ie vay voir. Simpliciter utimur verò à post haec duo verba, commencer, & apprendre: u.g. je commence à monter à cheval; i'apprends à dancer: & post quaedam adjectiva utilitatis: ut, cela est propre à fair, etc.  
Post haec verba utimur à, s'accoustumer, s'addonner, s'assuietir, s'amuser, s'apprester, s'attacher, condamner, destiner, entendre, s'employer: v. g. je m'addonne à lire la Theologie, Theologiae operam do, etc. Utimur pour, si Latini utantur ad: ut, ad habendum, pour avoir; & si Angli ponant, for to: v. g. For to go, pour aller.  
Secundò, si Latini exprimant aliquid per conjunctionem ut, ut amaret, etc. pour aimer.  
Tertiò, si Latini utantur gerundio in di, cum his vocibus, gratia, velcausa: v. g. Amandi causa, pour aimer; faciendi gratia, pour fair, etc.   

CAPUT X. De Participio Praesentis.  
PArticipium praesentis semper desinit in ant: v. g. Aimant, amans; lisant, legens; enseignant, docens, etc.  
Praesentis participium non mutatur pro utroque genere, nisi loco adjectivi sumatur: ut, les gazoüillemens du Rossignol rendent une charmante harmony, Lusciniae garritus concentum suavem reddunt.  
Participium praeteriti mutatur in voce passiva in verbis reciprocis, & neutris passivis, & concordat in genere & numero cum suo nominativo: v. g. Elle est aimée, amatur; elle s'est leuée, surrexit; elle est venüe, venit.  
Participium praeteriti non mutatur in voce activa, nisi occurrat relativum patience, que, inter substantivum & participium: ut, la mere que i'ay aimée, mater quam amavi; homines quos vidi, les hommes que i'ay veus.  
Secundò, mutabitur si occurrant la, les: ut, vidi illam, ie l'ay veüe; verberavi illos, ie les ay battus; illas salutavi, ie les ay salüées.  
Tertiò, si nous, vous, occurrant inter substantivum & participium: ut, nos remuneravit, il nous a recompenses; vos oravit, il vous a priés: si vous, nous, efferantur ad foemininum genus; dic, il nous a aimées.  
Me, te, eandem observant regulam: il m'a aimée; il t'a veüe; si de foemina agatur. Si sequatur aliquod verbum participium, non mutatur; dic enim, ie ne les ay iamais entendu parler, nunquam eos loquentes audivi.   

CAPUT XI. De verbis Auxiliaribus.  
DIcuntur auxiliaria, quia auxiliantur temporibus septem verborum; ut in caeteris linguis vernaculis legere est: Itali enim-utuntur iisdem verbis, non secus ac Galli: v. g. Ho amato, havevo amato, etc. Angli, I have loved, I had loved. Verbum i'ay, auxiliatur primo auxiliaribus ipsis: ut, i'ay eu, habui, i'ay esté; secundo verbis activis: ut, i'ay eu, habui, i'ay esté; secundo verbis activis: ut, i'ay aymé, amavi; tertio verbis simpliciter neutris.  
Verbum substantivum ie suis, auxiliatur verbis neutris passivis, reciprocis, & passivis: v. g. je me suis leué, ie suis aimé, ie suis venu; surrexi, amor, veni.    


CAPUT I. De Formatione temporum omnium verborum, sive regularium, sive irregularium.  
PRima desinit in er, secunda in ir; tertia in oir; quarta in re.  
Formabis praesens indicativi ab infinitivo, si tollas r: v. g. Parler, ie parle; aimer, aime.  
Imperfectum formatur à prima persona indicativi pluralis numeri, mutando penultimam litteram in i: v. g. Dançons, dançois.  
Definitum primae formatur ab infinitivo, mutando er in ay: v. g. je soupay, formatur ab infinitivo souper.  
Indefinitum ab eodem infinitivo, tollendo r, & notando e accentu: v. g. Parlé. Verbum auxiliare cum participio praeteriti, apud Gallos, aeque bene ac caeteras gentes, auxiliatur septem verborum temporibus.  
Futurum formatur ab infinitivo, addendo ay: deiéuner, déieuneray.  
Secunda persona imperativi formatur à secunda persona indicatiyi, tollendo s: ut, poussés, pousse.  
Praesens optativi non discrepat à praesenti indicativi, si addas i in prima & secunda persona pluralis numeri: parlions, parliés.  
Primum imperfectum formatur à futuro optativi, mutando ray in rois: danceray, dancerois.  
Secundum formatur à secunda persona singularis numeri definiti, addendo se: ut, parlas, parlasse.  
Participium praesentis formatur à secunda persona pluralis numeri, mutando ons in ant: aimons, aimant.   

CAPUT II. De Formatione temporum secundae conjugationis.  
PRaesens formatur ab infinitivo, mutando r in s: v. g. Ravir, ie ravis.  
Imperfectum formatur à prima pluralis numeri, mutando n in i: finissons, finissois.  
Definitum ab infinitivo, mutando r in s: v. g. Ravir, ie ravis.  
Participium praeteriti, quod unà cum auxiliaribus inservit septem temporibus verborum, formaturab infinitivo, tollendo r, & addendo y: bastir, basty.  
Futurum, ab infinitivo, addendo ray: ravir, raviray.  
Persona secunda imperativi formatur à secunda persona praesentis Indicativi, tollendo s: ut, bastis; & mutando i in y: basty.  
Praeseus optativi formatur à secunda persona praesentis indicativi, addendo se: bastis, bastisse.  
Imperfectum primum, à futuro, si mutes ray, in rois: bastiray, bastirois.  
Praeteritum imperfectum secundum formatur à secunda persona praesentis indicativi singularis numeri, addendo se: bastis, bastisse. Praesens etiam optativi habet bastisse; sed statuunt inter se illud discrimen, quod, bastisse in praesenti optativi, habeat penultimam brevem, baslisse secundum vero, imperfectum, longam, bastisse.  
Participium praesentis, à prima persona pluralis numeri indicativi, mutando ons in ant: bastissons, bastissant.   

CAPUT III. De Formatione tertiae & quartae conjugationis.  
PRaesens tertiae formatur ab infinitivo mutando evoir in ois: recevoir, reçois.  
Praesens quartae, mutando re in s: vendre, vends.  
Praeteritum imperfectum formatur à prima pluralis numeri, mutando n in i: recevions, recevois; vendions, vendois.  
Definitum tertiae conjugationis, ab infinitivo, mutando evoir in eus: concevoir, conceus.  
Definitum quartae formatur à prima pluralis numeri, mutando on's in is: rendons, rendis.  
Futurum tertiae formatur ab infinitivo, mutando oir in ray: devoir, deuray.  
Futurum quartae conjugationis formatur ab infinitivo, mutando re in ray: rendre, rendray.  
Imperativus formatur à secunda persona singularis numeri indicativi, dempto s, & mutando i in y: reçois, reçoy; prend, prends, ou pren.  
Praesens optativi tertiae formatur à secunda persona indicativi, tollendo s, & addendo ve: reçois, reçoive; & conjugatur ut i'ay me.  
Praesens optativi quartae formatur ab infinitivo, tollendo r: rendre, rend, & conjugatur ut i'aime.  
Imperfectum primum formatur à futuro, mutando ray in rois: receuray, receurois; rendray, rendrois.  
Imperfectum secundum à definito formatur, addendo se: receus, receusse; rendis, rendisse.  
Participium participii praesentis, à prima persona pluralis numeri, mutando on's in ant: rendons, rendant; recevant.  

SYNTAXIŚ.  
SUbstantivum & adjectivum, (ut apud caeteras linguas) concordant in genere, numero, & casu: v. g. Homme vertueux, femme vertueuse, vir virtute praeditus, mulier virtute praedita. Adjectivum vulgò praeponitur substantivo: ut, bon soldat, egregius miles, adjectiva colorum postponuntur illi: v. g. vin blanc, vinum album, chapeau noir, pileus niger: dic vin vieux, vinum vetus; vin nouveau, vinum novum. Denique, si addatur adjectivum, nouveau, rebus à natura productis, aut scientia elaboratis, postponatur sub stantivo: v. g. prunes now velles, herbs nouvelles, pruna nova, herbae novae; liure nouveau, liber novus.  
Relativum cum suo praecedente concordat in genere & numero: ut, Deus quem amo, Dieu que i'aime. Que est illud relativum quod exprimunt Latini per quem, quam, quod, & dicitur patience. Qui est nominativus verborum: ut, est mihi amicus qui bonus est, i'ay un amy qui est bon.  
Unumquodque verbum suo gaudet nominativo: ne usitato Lat inorum more illum subaudias, nec à verbo removeas, nisi in temporibus compositis: ut, iene vous ay pas dit cela, non tibi hoc dixi. In aliis temporibus solum pronomen interponitur verbo, & nominativo: ut, ie vous aime, te amo. Cave etiam ne verbum ponas in fine periodi, ut Latini, sed initio; & observa diligenter actionem sequi passionem: ut, i'aime Pierre, amo Petrum: ne dieas, Pierre i'aime. Et postpone semper adverbium verbo: ut, ie  diligemment, lego diligenter, Prima persona apud Latinos semper secundae praecedit: ut, ego & Petrus hoc fecimus: sed dic Gallicè, Pierre & moy nous avons fait cela; ne dicas, Pierre il a fait cela, sed Pierre a fait cela.  
Si duo substantiva occurrant simul diversa significantia, ponatur ultimum in genitivo: ut, l'Ambassadeur du Roy, Regis legatus: caveant Angli ab ista phrasi, the King's Ambassador, le Roy Ambassadeur; sed dicant, l'Ambassadeur du Roy, the Ambassador of the King.  
Opus substantivum nomen rei postulat in genitivo: ut; i'ay besoin d'argent, mihi opus est pecunia.  
Verbum attacher regit dativum: ut, il est attaché à son opinion, vir ille sententiae tenax est. Dégouster regit genitivum: ut, il est dégousté des letters, litterarum fastidiosus; il est coupable de paresse, inertiae reus est.  
Haec Adjectiva, conform, semblable, common, survivant, contraire, regunt dativum: v. g. il est conforme à la raison, est rationi conformis; il est semblable à un autre, alterius similis est; cela est commun à tous, hoc est omnibus commune; la vertu est contraire au vice, virtus vitio contraria est.      



CHAP. I. Of Articles.  
THe French make use of two Articles only. In the Nominative case singular they use le and la. Le serveth Nominatives os the Masculine Gender; as, le Roy the King: and lafoy serveth Nouns of the Feminine Gender; as, la Rhine, the Queen. But in Nominatives Plural they use but one Article only forboth Genders: as, les Roys, Kings, les Reins, Queens.  
A Noun of the Masculine Gender is thus declined.  
Singulariter. 


Le Roy Nominative The King.  
Du Roy Genitive Of the King.  
Au Roy Dative To the King.  
Le Roy Accusative The King.  
o Roy Vocative O king.  
Du Roy Ablative From the King.     
Pluraliter. 


Les Roys Nominative The Kings.  
Des Roys Genitive Of the Kings.  
Aux Roys Dative To the Kings.  
Les Roys Accusative The Kings.  
o Roys Vocative O Kings.  
Des Roys Ablative From the Kings.     

An Examplle of Nouns of the Feminine Gender.  
Singulariter. 


La Rhine Nomin. The Queen.  
De la Rhine Genit. Of the Queen.  
A la Rhine Dativ. To the Queen.  
La Rhine Accus. The Queen.  
o Rhine Vocat. O Queen.  
De la Rhine Ablat. From the Queen.     
Pluraliter. 


Les Reins Nomin. The Queens.  
Des Reins Genit. Of the Queens.  
Aux Reins Dativ. Tun the Queens.  
Les Reins Accus. The Queens.  
o Reins Vocat. O Queens.  
Des Reins Ablat. From the Queens.     
But when a Noun of the Masculine gender gins either with a Vowel, or with the mute letter H, to avoid the harshness of sound, which would otherwise be caused by the meeting together of two Vowels, you must borrow the Article of the Nominative Case, and insert it betwixt the two Vowels, that it so may render the sound the less harsh, and unpleasing. Take heed therefore that you say not, l'homme, du homme; but, 

l'homme. the Man.  
de l'homme. of the Man.  
à l'homme. to the Man.  
l'homme. the Man.  
o homme. O Man.  
de l'homme. from the Man.  
l'Empereur. the Emperor.  
de l'Empereur. of the Emperor.  
à l'Empereur. to the Emperor.  
l'Empereur. the Emperor.  
o Empereur. O Emperor.  
de l'Empereur. from the Emperor.    
The Plural number retains its own Articles, les, des, aux, les, des.  
If a Noun begin with a Vowel, or with the mute letter H, it requireth an Indefinite Article: as, l'Empereur, de l'Empereur; because an Indefinite Article goes before the Articles themselves: as, the l'ame. His a Mute letter, when it is found in such words as are derived from the Latin: as, homme, homo: but in those words that are purely French, it is a Letter, and is to be pronounced: as in these words, honte, hameau, you must not say in the Genitive Case, de l'hameau, but du hameau; and so in the rest.  
All Proper Names of Men and Women, and, in a word, of all things bearing the shape and figure of Men or Women, as also whatsoever are not natural to brute Beasts, but are imposed upon them, are declined in this manner: as for example, 

Pierre,  
Pierre,  
Bucephal,  
de Pierre,  
o Pierre,  
the Bucephal,  
à Pierre,  
de Pierre.  
etc.    
The French Tongue differs not from other vulgar Tongues in the use of the Articles of the Nominative of both Numbers, as I shall illustrate unto you by some examples. The Italians say, il Ré; the English, the King.  
But here you are to observe that the English, if you ask them any question by the Particle quà, that is, which way; in the proper Names of Provinces, and Kingdoms, always suppress the Articles: as for example, Par où passeréz-vous? the English answer thus, by France; as if we should say in French, par France. But you must take heed of this Anglicisme. Yet if the French answer this question in the proper Names of such Countries, the vulgar signification whereof is unknown to them, they also omit the Article: as for example, Pour aller à Londres, ie passay par Kent.  
Thus much may suffice touching the Articles of the Nominative Case. We shall now say something of the Article of the Genitive.  
The English never put the Article to Nouns of dignity: as, my Lord Precedent; we saying, Lord the Precedent, Monsieur le Precedent, etc.  
They say, Henry the fourth, and we faith, Henry fourth without an Article.  
They never put an article to proper names of Kingdoms or Provinces: as, France; we say la France, the France.  
They put not the article of the nominative in these compounded words, Frenchman, Englishman; we say, les François, les Anglois.  
Observe again, that when the English speak of things by themselves, they suppress the article: as, Wine is dear in France: we say in French, the wine is dear in France: meat is cheap in England, la viande est a bon marché en Angleterre: and a Frenchman puts always the article, unless in proper names.   

The French have a twofold Article for the Genitive Case.  
A Definite, and an Indefinite.  
THe Definite Article denotes some certain and particular thing: as for example, I'ay leu un Arrest du Parlement du Paris, I have read a Decree of the Parliament of Paris; C'est le commandement de la Reine de France, It is the Command of the Queen of France. If it doth not particularly specify what it speaks of, but that we speak in a General Way only, we must then say, I'ay leu un Arrest de Parliament, I have read a Decree of Parl. for it seems not to be meant any more of the Parliament of Paris, then of that of Rouen. Some variety of examples will make the business yet a little clearer: A la Battaille de Norlinghen un Cavalier fut blessé d'un coup de pistolet, At the Battle of Norlinghen a Horseman was shot with a pistol; Le Mareschal de Gassion fut blessé d'un coup de mousquet, Marshal Gassion was hurt by a Musket-shot. And if we would signify, for example, with what sort of Gun any one was wounded, we must speak it in French after this manner; Vn homme fort considerable receut un coup du canon, qui estoit braqué sur la contrescarpe du fossé, A certain very Eminent person was shot with a Canon that was planted upon the Works: Il m'a donné un coup de l'espée qu'il gaigna à la bataille de Lens, He wounded me with the sword that he got at the Battle of Lens.    

CHAP. II. Of the Indefinite Article, and the use thereof.  
IF the Adjective be put before the Substantive, you must then use the indefinite article: as, C'est un Prince de grande esperance, It is a Prince of very great hopes.  
Yet if the adjective be of special notation, although it be put before the substantive, we notwithstanding use the definite article: as for example, Ce tombeau enferme les cendres du grand Henry de Mommorency, This Tomb encloseth the ashes of the great Henry of Mommorency.  
So likewise if a Pronoune be put before a Noun substantive, we are to use an indefinite article: as, Lovis XIV. triomphera de nos ennemis, Lewis XIV. shall triumph over our Enemies.  
You are here to except all pronouns absolute, which all require an article definite to be joined with them.  
The word Meilleur, if it be used in the Comparative degree, requires an indefinite article: as for example, Nous avons de bon vin, il ne s'en boit point de meilleur, We have very good Wine; there is no better drunk. But if it be used in the Superlative degree, it requires an article definite: as for example, Aristote etoit un des meilleurs Philosophes qui ayent jamais esté, Aristotle was one of the best Philosophers that ever were.  
Plus, in the Comparative degree requires an indefinite article: as for example, La France produit de plus braves hommes que l'Espagne, France bringeth forth much gallanter men than Spain. But in the superlative it must have a definite article: for example, Cet homme est un des plus considerables de ce siecle, This man is one of the most excellent persons that this Age hath produced.  
The indefinite article is used before these adverbs following; fort, si, assez, beaucoup, tant, trop, aussi: as for example, Alexandre le grand estoit d'assez belle taille; Alexander the Great was of a stature large enough: Il estoit sui oy de tant de braves gens; He had so many gallant men that followed him: Il formoit de si genereux desseins; All his Undertake were so Noble.  
Prepositions require an indefinite article before them; as namely, chéz, aprés, contre, environ, à l'entour, auprés: as for example, je viens de chés vous, I come from your house; I'ay heurté à la porte d'aprés la uôstre, I knocked at the next door to yours.  
The same article is also attributed to the matter whereof any thing is made: as, Cheval de bronze, A horse of brass; Toison d'or, A golden fleece; Escu d'or, A Crown of gold. But if we would express the matter itself, we must then use the definite article: as for example, Ce manteau est faict de la lain, que i'ay achetée cette semaine; This Cloak is made of the Wool that I bought this week.  
The indefinite article is also put after adverbs of quantity: as for example, Pompée avoit beaucoup de courage, Antioque trop peu de coeur, Neron trop d'impudence; Pompey was a man of great courage, Antiochus was a weak-spirited man, Nero was a very impudent person. But if an adverb of quantity be found in other things, which may be divided without any injury to the other part; that is, if we specify such a certain thing, and not any other, we must then make use of the definite article: as for example, Donnez moy un peu du vin que nous beûmes hire, give me a little of the Wine that we drank of yesterday.  
Adjectives that signify Plenty, and scarceness, will also have an indefinite article: as, Cette Tour est pleine de munitions de guerre, This Castle is well furnished with all manner of warlike Ammunition; Cét homme est pavure d'esprit, This man had no great store of wit.  
If a Noun substantive be put before the proper names of Kingdoms, or Countries, we must use the indefinite article: as for example, Royaume de France, The Kingdom of France; Province de Picardy The Province of Picardy; Duc de Borgogne, The Duke of Burgundy. Yet we do not say, Courd ' Aids, but Cor des Aids: This is a Court in France, where all Causes that concern the Revenue of the Crown are heard.  
Adjectives of praise will likewise have an indefinite article: as, Digne de lo●ange, worthy of praise.  
Substantives of quality require the same article also: as for example, Le Mareschal de Gassion estoit homme de coeur, Marshal Gassion was a man of very great courage.  
Nouns which denote privation, or defect, will likewise have the same article: as for example, Eclipse de Soleil, & de Lune, an Eclipse of the Sun and Moon.  
The same article is used after the Verb Manquer: as, Manquer d'argent, to want money.  
The same article is also put before Nouns of Number: as for example, Le Roy d'Espagne perdit une armée de dix mille hommes à Rocroy, The King of Spain lost an Army of ten thousand men at Rocroy.  
All Nouns denoting any of thè liberal Arts require the same article, if this word Maistre, Master, go before them: as, Maistre de Music, Master of Music: so likewise of the Sciences: as, Regent de Philosophy, Professor in Philosophy: as also of Musical Instruments: as joüeur de Violon, a Violist.  
But if we point at any one particular Person, we must then use the definite article: as, C'est le maistre de la Musique du Roy, this is the Master of the King's Music.  
You must not say, Maistre de dance, but Maistre a dancer: Maistre en fait d'armes. For this manner of speaking hath now obtained among Courtiers, and all the more ingenious fort of people.  
The proper names of Cities will have the same article: as Blois, de Blois. Yet notwithstanding these proper names following are to be excepted, for they must all have an article definite; as, la Capelle, la Bassée, le Pout l'Evesque, le Ponteau de mer, le Havre de grace, le Pontde l'Arche, le Mans, la Fléche, la Rochel, lafoy Hay. Thus we say, lafoy Hay, de la hay; le Mans, du Man's, etc.  
Dieu, if it be meant of the true God, will have an indefinite article: as, C'est le Commandement de Dieu, This is the will of God. But if we speak of those false Gods, whom the heathen worshipped, we must then use the definite: as, le Dieu jupiter, du Dieu jupiter; if so be we would expressly signify this God, and no other.  
The proper names following, both of men, women, Gods, Spirits good and bad, will have the same article; as, Gabriel, de Gabrie; Marry, de Marie; Michael, de Michael; Belzebuth, de Belzebuth. To which you may also add all proper names which are given to brute beasts, and were not natural unto them; as Bucephal, de Bucephal.  
Articles will have an indefinite article before them: as, de l'argent.  
Force, hath a twofold signification: sometimes it signifies Violence, and sometimes it denotes a multitude of any thing. If it signify Force, or Violence, it must have an indefinite article: as, à force d'hommes le Roy a pris Bourdeaux, the King took Bourdeaux only by the notable and signal valour of his Soldiers. But if it signify a Multitude, it is then an adjective: as, Force femmes, many women; Force soldats, many soldiers.  
These Verbs, orner, enrichir, vestir, covurir, must have the same article: as for example; Vne maison ornée de tapisserie, A house hung with Tapestry; Vne femme vestuë de soye, a woman clothed in silk; couverte de terre, covered with earth.  
A Noun, that signifieth the manner how any thing is done, will have an indefinite article: as, la merest agitée de tempests, the Sea grows rough with tempests; I'll a fait cela de guet à pens, he did this purposely; Il brusle de desir, he burns with desire; Il meurt de faim, he is perishing for want of meat; Ensté de gloir, puffed up with pride.  
Adjectives that signify desire, will have the same article: as, ambitieux de loüange, desirous of praise; envieux de gloire, greedy of glory.  
So likewise nouns of measure: as, Vn boisseau d'avene, a bushel of Oats.  
Also adjectives that signify form: as, Beau de visage, of a comely countenance.  
Bien, when it is taken quantitatively, requires a definite article.  
The names of months and days will have the same article: as, de januier, de Mardy.  
The article of unity requires the same also: as, I'ay receu une lettre d'un de mes amis; I have received a letter from a friend of mine.  
Note that à is put before the Dative case, when we do not particularly specify some certain thing: as, I'ay communiqué ma maladie à des Medecines, I have made known my disease to the Physicians: which is no more to be undersood as spoken of the Physicians of Blois, then of those of Tours.  
But if we do determinately specify the thing, we are then to use the definite: as, I'ay communiqué ma maladie aux Medecius de Blois.   

CHAP. III. Of the Definite Article.  
ALl other Nouns will have a definite article; as, Le Seigneur, du Seigneur, etc.  
If there be a division of any thing, without any breaking of the other part, we use the article of the genitive case: as for example; Donnez moy du pain, give me some bread. But if we ask for the whole loaf, we must then say, Donnez moy le pain qui est sur la table. But if an adjective (as we said before) be put before a Noun-substantive signifying the thing, part whereof we desire; we must then use the indefinite article: as, Donnez-moy de bon pain, give me some good bread.  
Playing, if it be meant on Musical Instruments, requireth the genitive case: as, joüer de lamusette, to play on the Bagpipes.  
All other Playing must have a dative case: as joüer à la bowl, to play at bowls.   

CAPUT IU. Of Adverbs of Motion.  
THe French have three Adverbs of Motion, or as the Latins speak, three Questions: namely Ou, that is, Where, or Whether; D'ou, that is, Whence; par ou, that is, Which way. And here you are to note, that if the question be asked by oú, if it be meant of abiding or motion, you must answer by the dative case; but if it be made touching the proper names of Cities, you must then use the indefinite article: as for example; Où alles vous? à Paris; Whether go you? to Paris: If of abiding any where, Où demeuresvous? à Londres: Where dwell you? at London.  
Note that you are here to except those proper names of Cities before set down; namely lafoy Rochel, etc. all which proper names require a definite article: as, Il va à la Rochel, etc. He goes to Rochel.  
But if we speak of the proper names of Kingdoms, or Provincés, we then use the Preposition en: as, Oû allés vous? en France; en Normandy; en Languedoc, etc. Note moreover, that if a Pronoune be put before the noun, the same preposition is likewise to be used: as for example; Il va en mon iardin, en ma maison, en son écurie, etc.  
Observe secondly, that this preposition en is never joined with the article le; where this therefore is to be used, you must take the article of the dative case: as, I'iray au jardin; and not, en le iardin.  
If the question be made by Où, in these proper names of Countries, you must use the preposition dans; as Anjou, Poictou, Perigor, Dauphiné: for example, Il est allé dans le Poictou, le Dauphiné, etc.  
In all other nouns we must use the article of the dative case: as, aller aux champs; au sermon.  
If this word Ciel be taken for Paradise, it requireth a definite article: as, son ame est au Ciel, his soul is in Heaven.  
Enfer, and Purgatoire must have the preposition En: as, Ilest en enfer, en Purgatoire.   

CHAP. V Of the Question, D'oú; that is, Whence.  
IF the question be made by d'oú, that is, Whence, From what place; you must answer in French by the genitive case: as for example; D'où venes-vous? Whence come you? je viens de la maison, I come from home; je viens de la ville, I come from the City; je viens des champs, I come out of the Country.  
But if we speak of the proper names of Cities, Suburbs, Towns, or Villages, we use the indefinite article: as, je viens de Rome, I come from Rome; de Clery; de Chyverny; de Vienne.  
Only you must remember still to except la Rochel, and those other names of Cities before spoken of, all which require a definite article: as, je viens de la Rochel, I come from Rochel, etc.  
This proper name of a Suburb is also excepted, namely, le Fois, the Beech-tree: as, je viens du Fois: a part of the Suburbs of Blois is thus called.  
Among the proper names of Villages these are excepted; la Chausee, la Chappelle Vendomoise, la Chapelle blanch; and all others which are compounded.  
In the proper names of Kingdoms we must use the indefinite article: as for example; Il vient de Pologne, de France, d'Angleterre, he comes from Polonia, from France, from England.  
In the proper names of Provinces, Dukedoms, and Counties, you must likewise use the indefinite article: as, je viens de Normandy, de Tyrol, de Picardy. Notwithstanding we may here use a definite article. But these following are (though not so rightly) excepted from the former Rule; namely, le Languedoc, la Beausse, le Dauphiné, le Limosin, le Perigor, le Poictou; (all which require a definite article, rather than an indefinite:) as, je viens de Poictou, I come from Poictou.  
So likewise if a noun adjective ora pronoun be put before a substantive, we must use the indefinite article: as, je viensde ma maison, I come from my house; Il revient de sa métairie, he returns from his Farm.  
If this word Ciel signify Paradise, it will have a definite article: as for example; Dièu est descendu du Ciel, God is come down from Heaven. Enfer also will rather have a definite, than an indefinite article: as, le diable sort à tous momens des enfers, pour tourmenter les pecheurs, the Devil goes every moment out of Hell, to torment sinners.   

CHAP. VI Of the Question, par où; that is, Which Way.  
IF the question be made by paroù, that is, Which Way; we must answer in the nominative case, by repeating the article: as for example; Par où passerés vous? Which way will you pass? Par la fenestre, through the Window.  
In the proper names of Cities, Towns, Suburbs, and Villages, the French Tongue differs not from the use of all other vulgar tongues, for as well the French, as all others, in this case use the preposition per, by: as for example; Par où passerés-vous? Which way will you go? par Blois, by Blois.  
In the proper names of Kingdoms, Provinces, Dukedoms, and Counties, we also repeat the article: as, Par où passerés-vous? par la France, par le Dannemarc, etc.  
Yet we do not repeat the article, in speaking of those places, whose vulgar appellations are not so well known unto us: as for example; Par où passerés-vous? Which way will you go? par Kent, Suffolk, Norfolk; by Kent, Suffolk, Norfolk, which are English Counties.   

CHAP. VII. Of the Degrees of Comparison.  
THe French, as the Latins, have three Degrees of comparison: the positive, the comparative, and the superlative. The positive is a noun adjective: as for example; Fort, strong. The comparative requires plum to be put before it: as, plus fort, stronger. After the comparative there always follows que: as for example; Le Roy de France est plus puissant que le Roy d'Espagne, the King of France is more powerful than the King of Spain. You must therefore take heed, that you fall not into that vulgar error, (which those that are not very skilful in the French tongue, are very apt to fall into,) and speak as the Latin doth; Petrus est fortior joanne, Pierre est plus fort de jean: but you must say, que jean.  
Bon good, and Mauvais evil, do not admit of plus before them: but you must say, Meilleur, better; Pire, worse. In the word Petit, small, you may either say, plus petit, or, moindre; and, le plus petit, or, le moindre.  
The superlative Degree is thus distinguished: If it be in the comparative Degree, first, you then put an article before plus: as for example; Ciceron estoit le plus grand Orateur de son temps, Cicero was the greatest Orator of his time. But if there be not the comparative, we then suppress also the article: as for example; Alexandre estoit tres vaillant, Alexander was a most valiant man.  
If there be a comparative in the business, the superlative Degree than governs a genitive case: as, C'est le plus sçavant homme de tous, this is the most learned man of all.   

CHAP. VIII. Of an Apostrophe.  
THese three vowels, a e i, if a vowel begin the following word, are cut off. A is cut off only in the article la; as, l'ame, but not if it go before any of the other vowels. I is cut off in the particle si only, when it comes before i'll; as, sil vous playst E is cut off in Monosyllables; as, que, me, te, se, etc. as qu'il: yet e is not cut off in ce, when it is accented, or if it be put for cela: otherwise it is cut off, when it goes before a verb substantive, as, c'estoit.  
In words of two Syllables e is cut off only in pronouncing, but not in writing. But we must here except quelqu'un, chacqu'un; quelqu'une, chacqu'une; puis qu'il.  

Of the forming of the Plural Number.  
THe plural number is form, by adding one of these three Letters, s x or z: yet z is very seldom used; but instead thereof you have s, and the e before it is accented: as, aimés.  
All nouns therefore will have their termination in s in the plural number, except those which end in all; for their plural will be in x: as, animal, animaux.  
Those nouns that end in all, have commonly x in the plural number: as, émail, émaux.  
But we must hence except, Focal, attiraïl, maïl, serraïl, naval, bal, ca, poictral, all which will have s in the plural, and not x. Ciel makes Cieux; so Genoüil, uéroüil, genoux, veroux, &. Vieïl, vieux; Artificiel, artificieux; universel, universaux.  
Those nouns that end in eau, or eu, will have v: as feu, feux; beau, beaux: So oeïl, yeux.     


CHAP. I. Of the Genders of Nouns.  
THe French have three Genders only; the Masculine, the Feminine, and the common Gender.  
All nouns which end in any of these letters following, b, c, d, f, g, h, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, x, y, z, are of the Masculine gender: which I shall illustrate by some examples; as namely, plomb, lead, bléd, wheat, oeuf, an Egg, sang, blood, estomach, the stomach, sell, salt, renom, renown, garçon, a Boy, champ, a field, cocq, a cock, rubis, a ruby, bonnet, a nightcap, choix, choice, nez, a Nose.  
These Nouns following are of the Feminine Gender. 


Mercy, Mercy.  
Brebis, a Sheep.  
Souris, a Mouse.  
Faim, Famine.  
Leçon, a Lesson.  
Rançon, a Ransom.  
Moison, Harvest.  
Pasmoison, a Swooning.  
Façon, a Fashion.  
Raison, Reason.  
Moison, a House.  
Prison, a Prison.  
Foison, Plenty.  
Boisson, Drink.  
Toisson, a Fleece.  
Venaison, Venison.  
Pudeur, Shamefastness.  
Ardeur, Ardour.  
Douceur, Sweetness.  
Faveur, Favour.  
Chausses, Breeches.  
Vne fois, Once.  
Orgues, Organs.  
Mouchettes, Snuffers.  
Dent, a Tooth.  
Blancheur, Whiteness.  
Rougeur, Redness.  
Vigueur, Vigour.  
Pesanteur, Heaviness.  
Splendeur, Brightness.  
Lueur, Light.  
Fureur, Fury.  
Main, a Hand.  
Fin, an End.  
Putain, a Whore.  
Chair, Flesh.  
Mer, the Sea.  
Cour, the Court.  
Fleur, a Flower.  
Rancoeur, Malice.  
Doleur, Grief.  
Teneur, the Tenor.  
Tour, a Tower.  
Largeur, Largeness.  
Longüeur, Length.  
Chaleur, Heat.  
Liqueur, Liquor.  
Rigüeur, Rigour.  
Poor, Fear.  
Valeur, Valour.  
Couleur, Colour.  
Odeur, a Sent.  
Senteur, the same.  
Chandeleur, Candlemas-day.  
Espousettes, a Brush.  
Aigreur, Sowrness.  
Saveur, Potherbs.  
Amours, Loves.  
hards, householdstuff.  
Meurs, Manners.  
Decrotoires, a Rubbing-brush.  
Erreur, Error.  
Mort, Death.  
Hard, a With of green sticks.  
Part, a Part.  
Poix, Pitch.  
Croix, a Cross.  
Paix, Peace.  
Profondeur, Depth.  
Espoisseur, Thickness.  
jument, a Mare.  
Nuict, Night.  
Forest, a Forest.  
Chaux, Lime.  
Faulx, a Sith.  
Perdrix, a Partridge.  
Toux, a Cough.  
Voix, a Voice.     
E Feminine doth not only very much perplex all Foreigners, but even the most skilful French Masters themselves also; who, though they have long laboured to clear the difficulties in this particular, have not yet been able to make all things so clear herein to those that are learners of the Language, as they should have done. I therefore for my part, though I confess myself by fare the most unlearned of all the rest, do first of all affirm, that all nouns ending in e, if they be pure French words, are of the Feminine gender: which I shall make clear by these examples following.  
Balance, a Balance; Arquebuse, an Harquebus: banniere, a Banner: branch, a Bough; harangue, an Oration; charge, a Burden; bride, a Bridle; caracole, the riding the Ring; digue a ditch, or bank.  
Nouns that end in egg, age, iege, rade, amme, asme, eme, esme, oire, are, err, are of the masculine gender; except guitarre.  
Among those that end in age, you must except all those nouns that are derived from the Latin: as, rage, rage; plague, image, cage, page, etc. So likewise marge, a margin.  
From the General Rule, of those nouns that are of the fem. these following are to be excepted: bransle, a sudden shock; mask, a Wizard; coffer, a Coffer; cuiure, Copper; date, the date of a Letter; desastre, a disaster; grief, a Clerks Office. To which you must add the infinitive moods of verbs: as, le boire, etc. that, although they be pure French words, are of the foem.  
Those nouns which end in e feminine, are of the feminine gender, if so be they be derived from Latin words of the feminine gender: as, mere, a Mother, from the Latin word Mater.  
All nouns which are derived from such Latin words as are either of the masculine, orneuter gender, are of the masculine gender in French: as, Pere, from Pater, a Father; Theme, from Thema a Theme.  
Hence are to be excepted, Asperges, Asparagus; auge, a trough; estudes, Studies; haleine, breath; dentelle, Needlework, angoisse, anguish: all which are of the feminine gender.  
Nouns which end in ée, are of the feminine gender; as, Armée, an Army: except those which descend from Latin words that are of the masculine gender; as, Athée, an Atheist: and also the proper names of Men; as, Pompée, Pompey.  
Those nouns that end in é, with an accent over it, that is, if they be pure French, or are derived from the participle of the preterfect. Tense of the Latin, are of the masculine gender: as, aimé, loved; costé, a side.  
But if they come from Latin words that end in tas, they are then of the feminine gender: as, bonté, from bonitas, goodness.  
Those that end in a are of the masculine gender: as, un fa.  
Adjectives that end in e feminine, are of the Common gender: as, honest homme, an honest man; femme honest, an honest woman.  
Nouns that end in ion, that are descended from Latin verbals ending in io, are of the feminine gender: as, Consideration, Consideration.  
The infinitive moods of verbs, as also adjectives, or pronouns, that have no substantive joined with them: as, Le manger, Le mien, Le nostre, Le haut. So likewise the proper names of Gods, Men, Angels, both good and bad, are of the Masculine Gender.  
The names of Dignities and Arts, both Mechanical and Liberal, as also all Offices belonging to men, are of the Masculine Gender: as, Pape, the Pope; Boulanger, a Baker; Musicien, a Musician; Conseiller, a Counsellor.  
The names of Winds, Months, and Days, are also of the Masculine gender.  
The names of Rivers follow the Gender of their termination; as do also the proper names of Kingdoms, or Provinces.  
The proper names of Women, and of Goddesses, are of the Feminine Gender.  
The names of Dignities, and of Arts, whether Liberal or Mechanical, if they belong to women, are likewise of the Feminine gender: as, l', Abbess, lafoy Conseillere, etc.  
The proper names of Cities are of the Masculine gender, unless the word Ville be put before them: as, Londres est beau. But if this word, Ville, go before, you must then say, la ville de Londres est belle; and not, la ville de Londres est beau.  
The names of Fruits are of the Feminine gender, excepting those, whose Termination is in one of those Letters, where of we have before spoken; as, Melon, a Melon: or such as come from Latin words of the masculine gender; as Concombre, a Cowcumber.  
The names of Months in composition are of the feminine gender: lafoy my-Septembre. Those nouns that end in u, y or i, are of the masculine; as, Festu: except Virtue, Glu. Those that end in ean au ay eu ou, are of the feminine gender: as, Couteau, a Knife, etc.  
The names of moneys are of the masculine gender; except Pistolle, Maille, Pite, a Pistol, a halfpenny, a farthing.  
Names that are put upon brute beasts, if they be males, are of the masculine gender, and if females, of the feminine: as, Bucephall, Sybelle, the name of a bitch.  
The gender is confounded in the names of birds: For these following are of the feminine gender, and serve for both kinds: as, 

Recasse, a Woodcock.  
Aloüette, a Lark.  
Corneille, a Crow.  
Pie, a Pie.  
Grieve, a Feildfaire.  
Grüe, a Crane.  
Erondelle, a Swallow.  
Mauve, a Seagull.  
Cicoigne, a Stork.  
Perdrix, a Partridge.  
Cercelle, a Teal.  
Choüette, an Owlet.  
Beccassine, a Snite.  
Caille, a Quail.  
Chauvesouris, a Bat.    
These following are of the Masculine Gender, and serve for both kinds: as, 

Merle, a Blackbird.  
Estourneau, a Stare.  
Geay, a Jay.  
Poulet, a Chicken.  
Phaisan, a Pheasant,  
Perroquet, a Parrot,  
Hibou, an Owl.  
Falcon, a Falcon.  
Esprevier, a Sparhawk.  
Heron, a Heron.  
Butord, a Bittor.  
Passereau a Sparrow.  
Rossignol, a Nightingale.  
Concou, a Cuckoo.  
Vaneau, a Lapwing.  
Pigeon, a Pigeon.  
Ramier, a Ringdove.  
Becasson, a Snite.  
Plongeon, a Didapper.  
Pinçon, a chaf-Finch.  
Corbeau, a Raven.  
Tiercelet, the Tassel, or Male of any Hawk.  
Vautour, a Vulture.    
The Names which are given to Fishes, are of the Masculine gender, and serve for both Kind's: as, Saumon, a Salmon. etc.  
But we are to except these that follow, which are of the feminine gender, and serve for both Kind's: as, 

Lamproye, a Lamprey.  
Anguille, an Eel.  
Truitte, a Trout.  
Carpe, a carp.  
Molüe, a codfish.  
Perche, a Perch.  
Escrevisse, a Creafish.  
Alose, a Shad.  
Tanche a Tench.  
Sole, a Sole.  
Baleine, a Whale.    
As for Serpents and venomous creatures, they are of the Masculine gender for both Kind's; except Coulevure a Snake.  
Those Nouns that end in üe, notwithstanding they be derived from the Latin, are yet of the feminine gender: as, veüe, the fight.  
Those that end in ie, are of the feminine gender: as, Voirie; the Laistall, or common dunghill of a Town.   

CHAP. II. Of Pronouns.  
THe French divide their pronouns into pronouns Personal, Demonstrative, Possessive, Relative, and Indefinite.  
The pronouns personal are these: je, moy, tu, toy, i'll, luy, nous, vous, eux, ils.  
je and Moy, have only this difference betwixt them: that je serves as a person to Verbs; as, je parle. I speak; but Moy serves only the participle of the present tense; as, Moy aimant, I loving.  
If a question be asked, we then put the person after the Verb: as, feray ie cela? Shall I do that? parleray-ie? Shall I speak?  
je ought always to be joined to its Verb: yet in the compounded tenses of verbs, if any negatives or pronouns come in the way, they are put betwixt the person and the sign. By the sign I mean the auxiliary Verbs, of which the compound tenses are made up. As for example, je ne vous ay pas dit cela, I did not tell you this: take heed that you say not, I'ay ne vous pas dit cela.  
Observe, that if two negatives and a pronoun come together in these tenses, the first negative is to be put before the pronoun, and the pronoun before the sign, and the last negative before the participle: as, je ne vous ay pas aim, I loved thee not at all. Moy is put absolutely: as, quia fait cela? Who did that? c'est moy, 'Twas I: not c'est le. Yet this manner of speaking was never used by the Latins; for they always said, Ego sum. Moy is used also by way of admiration: as, vous avez fait cela, you have done this: Moy! what, I! If you would express the Latin accusative Me, you must turn Moy into Me; I'll m'ayme, He loves me. The Imperative mood retaineth Moy: as, donnez moy, Give it me.  
Tu and Toy have the same difference betwixt them, that je & Moy have. Tu, is the person that serveth verbs, and is never found without its Verb. Toy serveth only to the participle of the present tense: as, Toy parlant, thou speaking.  
If you would express the datives, mihi, tibi, you must then turn Moy and Toy, into Me, Te: as Ill t'a dit, He told thee.  
Likewise in Ill and Luy, Il is the person; as, Il parle, He speaketh: Luy is put only before the participle of the present tense; as, Luy aymant, He loving.  
If a Question be asked, we always put the person after the Verb: as, parlera till? Will he speak? qui a fait cela? luy? Who did that? He? o●y luy, yes He; C'est luy que i'ay veu, this is the man that I saw. Luy therefore is put ablolutely, when a Question is asked.  
The Imperative mood retaineth luy: as, donnez luy, Give it him.  
Observe that luy is put in the dative case for both Genders, except a Question be made: as for example, allez chez Monsieur, & luy dites, etc. Go to such a Gentleman, and tell him, etc. allez Madame, & luy dites, etc. Go to such a Lady, and tell her. etc. But if a Question be asked, you must not then use luy for the feminine gender, but elle: as, à qui ave? vous donné cela? à elle; To whom gave you that? to her. We express the Latins illum, illam, illud, in French, by le, la; but illi by luy; unless a Question be asked. For example; Illum video, I see him; in French, je le vois: illam tueor, I defend her, ie la defends: illud exopto, I desire that, je le veux. We express illos, illas, illa, by les: as, illas vidi, I saw those women, je les ay veües: illos amavi, I loved those men je les ay aymez. Elle & , serve for nominative cases to Verbs: as, elleparle, she speaketh;  parlent, they speak.  
Eux and leur, have also this difference betwixt them, that leur is used, when we would express in French the Latin dative, illis, without an Interrogation: as for example, dedi illis, I gave it them, je leur ay donné: dixi illis, I told them, je leur ay dit. Eux is put when there is an Interrogation: as, à qui av●z vous donné cela? à eux, à elles. or otherwise, for both genders you may use leur: as, je leur ay donné.  
Nous and Vous are persons of Verbs, and when they suffer, they go before the Verb: as for example, Il nous aime, He loveth us; Il vous commande, etc. He commandeth you to do this. If a Question be asked, they are then put after the Verb: as, serons nous? ferez vous? If we would express the Latins nobis, you must use nous; and for vobis, say vous: as, nobis dixit, he told us, il nous a dit. If you would express their me, te, se, after prepositions, you must say, moy, toy, soy: as for example, Chez moy, toy, luy, etc. Country toy, etc.  
Moy, toy, soy, luy, elle, require an indefinite article: as, Moy, de moy, à moy, moy, de moy, etc.  

Of Pronouns Demonstratives.  
THe pronouns demonstrative are these; Ce cét cette, celuy, celle. Of these, ce and cét, are belonging to the Masculine gender. Ce is used when the word following gins with a Consonant; as, ce cheval, this Horse: Cét is put before such words as begin either with the Mute letter H. or with a vowel; as for example, cét homme, cét enfant: and both of them will have an indefinite article; as, ce, de ce, à ce, etc. Celuy and celle will have the same article also.  
Celuy and celle require a relative after them: as, Celuy que vous aymez; celle que i'ay veüe: you must take heed that you say not, elle que i'ay veüe: Luy qui ayme Dieu sera sanué, as the English speak, He that loveth God shall be saved.  
Celuy cy and celuy lá have this difference betwixt them; that celuy cy denotes something that is next us; but celuy lá, that which is further off.  
Ce and cela differ in this; that ce always goes before que: as for example, Ce, que je vous ay dit est uray, That which I told you is true.  
Ce goes before the Verb substantive, and serves for both numbers, if so be it be referred to the said Verb: as for example, Ce sont mes amis, These are my friends: c'est bien la raison, It is very good reason. If a Question be asked, ce is put after the substantive: as, quel homme est ce? what man is this? If it have reference to an adjective, we must then use cela: as, cela est utile, This is profitable. We do not say, c'est beau.  
Il and ce have this difference betwixt them; that ce properly denotes the Action of a man; as, c'est bien raisonné: but the particle Il showeth the essence, or quality of a thing; as, Il est bien fait, Il est bien vestu.  
Ceux requireth a relative after it: as, ceux qui ayment Dieu, seront sauvez, They who love God, shall be saved: we must not say, Eux qui ayment Dieu, etc.    

CHAP. III. Of Pronouns Possessives.  
THe pronouns possessives are these; Mon, ton, son, Mine, thine, his, Masculine: Ma, ta, sa, Mine, thine, his, feminine.  
Observe that Ma, ta, sa, are turned into Mon, ton, son, if so be the word following begin with a vowel; only for avoiding the harshness of sound, which would be caused by the coming together of two vowels. Take heed therefore that you do not say, ma ame, but, mon ame, My soul; ton espée, Thy sword; son amante, etc. In the plural number we say, mes, tes, ses. Sesse, beginning with an S, is a pronoun possessive; as, says amiss, His friends: but Ces with a C, is a pronoun demonstrative; as, Ces hommes, these men.  
An example of the pronoun possessive may be this: Le Roy commande à ses soldats de combaure, the King commandeth his Soldiers to fight.  
Mien, tien, sien, are commonly put with out a substantive, and assume an article to themselves: as, I'ay receu une leure de mon amy, I have received a Letter from my friend; and another perhaps will answer, & moy une du mien, and I one from mine: yet we do also say, un mien amy, un tien amy.  
Nostre and Vostre, if they be joined to substantives in the plural number, are turned into Nos and Vos: as, Nos amiss, Our friends; Vos s, Your friends. But with out a substantive, they follow the ordinary rule; as, les nostres, les vostres: and they also require a definite article; as, I'ay receu une letue de nostre amy, I have received a Letter from our friend: and another may answer, & moy une du vostre, etc.  
Leur taketh it to selves in the plural, when we would express the Latins, suos suas sua: as, les Princes gouvernent leurs peuples, Princes govern their people.   

CHAP. IU. Of Pronouns Relatives.  
THese relatives, le, la, les, are put when we would express the Latins illum, illam, illud, illos, illas, illa, as we have formerly said: as for example, je l'ayme, amo illum, I love him; je la vois, illam video, I see her; je les ay battus, illos verberavi, I have beaten them.  
Qui and Que differ in this, that Qui serveth to verbs in place of a nominative: as, I'ay veu un homme qui m'a dit cette parolle, I saw a man who said unto me thus. But if we would express the Latins quem, quam, quod, quos, quas, quae, we must then put que before a verb active, and so it will serve for both genders: as, le pere que j'aime, the Father whom I love; la femme qu'il aimoit, the woman that he loved; les femmes que i'ay veües, the women that I saw. But after a preposition, you must use qui, although you would express the Latins quem, quam, quod, etc. as for example; Country qui, contra quem, against whom; Chez qui, apud quem, with whom, or, at whose house. So likewise if a question be asked: as, qui demandez vous? quem petitis? whom seek ye?  
Quell and Lequel differ in this, that Quell is used when there is a question asked, with out any comparison; as, quel homme a fait cela? who did this? But if there be both a comparison and a question made too, you must then add the article: as for example, lequel des deux a fait cela? which of the two did this?  
Quelle and Laquelle have the same difference betwixt them.  
Qui also is in like manner distinguished from Lequel or laquelle. Lequel  elegantly put in the beginning of a sentence, if you repeat the aforesaid substantive: as, lequel homme dit, etc. and if there have been mention before of any such person, laquelle is used in the same manner that lequel is.  
Don't is put instead of Duquel, or de laquelle, desquels, lesquelles: as for example, l'espée dont vous m'avez bless, the sword wherewith you have wounded me, etc.  
Yis a particle relative, which is not declined, and is put in place of a proposition, signifying either the place, or thing spoken of: as for example, Va-t-il á Paris? il y va. Doth he go to Paris? yes, he goeth thither.  
The French language differs not only from all the Modern, but from the ancient languages also; for they use the auxiliary verb I'ay, for the verb substantive je suis, when they mean to signify any thing that is past: as for example, il y avoit; the Italians say, Era; the Latins, Erat; the English, There was. And this manner of speech which is so much different from that of all other vulgar Tongues, is properly a Francisme.  
En is a Relative which denotes the person: as for example, Qu'avez vous receu de vostre maistre? What have you received from your Master? I'en ay receu quatre pistols, I have received of him four pistols.  
It also denotes the thing: as for example, Que croyez vous de cela? What do you believe of this? je n'en croy rien, I believe nothing at all of it.  
It denotes also a part of any thing: as, avez vous de ce pain la? i'en ay.  
It denotes likewise the place: as for example, venez vous de Paris? Come you from Paris? I'en viens, I come from thence: I'll then a, that is to say, Il y a despersonnes. In which manner of speaking, the French differs from all other vulgar languages, & from the Latin too: For the Latins say, Sunt homines, the Italians, Sono homini. Tout le monde m'en veut, that is to say, Tout le monde est fasché contremoy.  
En is referred also to a portion or quantity of any thing: as, avez vous appris la music? i'en ay appris une party.  
Lastly, we use En, when we would avoid the repeating of any thing: as for example, avez vous des valets? Have you any Servants? I'enay, yes, I have,   

CHAP. V Of Pronouns Indefinite.  
CHaque and chacun differ in this; that Chaque is joined to a substantive; as, Chaque iour: but Chacun is seldom put before any substantive.  
Quelque and quelqu'un are in like manner differenced: for quelque is joined to substantives: as, quelqu'homme; but quelqu'un is put without a substantive.  
These Pronouns do also require an indefinite article; as quelqu'un, de quelqu'un, a quelqu'un; so quelque, de quelque, à quelque, etc.  
The word Personne, if it signify no man, hath always a negative joined with it: as, Personne ne l'aime, no body loves him.  
Il and On differ in this; that Ill serveth verbs impersonals; as, Il faut, oportet, it ought, etc. On, is a word which we use, when we would suppress the nominative; as, On dit cela, This is said: or when we know not the Author of some common report; as, Qui dit cela? Who says this? On le dit, It is so reported, or it is the common report.    


CHAP. I. Of the forming of Nouns substantives of the feminine Gender.  
Nouns substantives of the feminine Gender are made by adding to the Masculine the letter e only: as, Charpentier, a Carpenter; Charpentiere, a Carpenter's Wife: Conseiller, a Counsellor; in the feminine gender you must say Conseillere.  
Those words that end in ien must have a double n: as for example, Chien, a Dog, Chienne, a Bitch. Those that end in on must have ne added to them: as, Guenon, a he Ape, Guenonne, a she Ape. Prince and Comte will have sse added to them: as, Prince, a Prince, Princess, a Princess; Comte, a Count, Comtesse, a Countess.  
Those that end in eur must have euse: as, Menteur, a Liar; for the Feminine, you must say Menteuse: Procurer a Proctor, or Attorney, in the Feminine Procureuse. Here are to be excepted Acteur, Empereur, Electeur, Ambassadeur, Tuteur, Inventeur, Amateur, Protecteur, Conservateur, which: will have for their feminines Actrice, Imperatrice, Electrice, Ambassadrice, Tutrice, Inventrice, Conser vatrice, Protectrice. Vengeur and pecbeur will have Vengeresse, pecheresse: Gouverneur, and serviteur, make gouvernante, servant.  
Those that end in eau are turned into elle: as, Macquereau, a Pimpor Pandarus, Macquerelle a Bawd.  
Tesmoin, Autheur, Possesseur, Accuseur, Successeur, are not changed at all, but serve for the Masculine gender as well as the feminine. But Dieu, a God, will have Deesse, a Goddess; Roy, a King, Rein, a Queen; Nepveu, a Nephew, Niepce, a Niece; Leurier, a Greyhound dog, Leurette, a Greyhound bitch; Fils, a Son, Filly, a Daughter; Loup, a he-Wolf, Louve a she-Wolf; Nourrissier, a Man-Nurse, Nourrice, a Woman-Nurse.    

CHAP. II. Of Nouns Adjectives of the Foeminin gender, which are form of Adjectives Masculine.  
ALI Adjectives ending in e are of the Common gender: as, honest, honest; facile, easy.  
Those Nouns that end in é, with an Accent, take unto them e feminine: as for example, hebeté, Dull, hebetée. Adjectives that end in on take ne to them: as, Bon, good, bonne: if they end in e, they take to themselves i; as, blanc, white, blanch.  
You must here except Grec, Turc, Public; Grecque, Turk, Public.  
Those that end in g will have in the feminine gender. ve: as, long, longue, long. Benin takes in a g also: as, Benign, Courteous.  
Those that end in d take e unto them: as, grand, great, grande. But here you are to except crud, raw, nud, naked, which make in the feminine crüe, nüe. Vert, green, will have verte: you must not say verde.  
Those that end in i and y will have e added: as, amy, a Friend, amie; jolly, Jolly, jolly.  
Those that end in il have le added to them: as, gentle, gentle, gentle.  
If they end in s, e is added: as, courtois, courteous, cour●oise. You must here except bas, grass, gros, express, espais, frais, tiers; to all which you add another s: as, grass, etc.  
Those that end in f, turn f into ve: as for example, chetif, wretched, chetive.  
Those that end in t, have te added: as, net, clean, net. Here you must except Prudent and Patiented, which take unto them an e only; and especially those others that end in ent and ant.  
Courtaut, noiraut, rustaut, fourdaut, change t into de: as, Courtaude, etc.  
Those that end in u have e added to them: as, menu, small, menüe. Those that end in x have see added: as, heureux, happy, heureuse. You must here except doux, sweet, douce; faux, false, fausse; roux, ruddy, rousse. Nouveau, if the word following begin either with a vowel, or with the mute letter H, turns the last syllable into el: as, nouvelan, a new year; nouvelhoste. Neuf and nouveau, which both signify the same thing, have yet this difference betwixt them; that nouveau is used in speaking of such things as are produced by Divine Providence, as are the fruits of the Earth, and all Plants and Herbs; it is used also of such things as are done by knowledge in any of the liberal Arts and Sciences: as, liure nouveau, a new Book; air nouveau, a new Air (in Music:) Neuf is used in speaking of any thing wrought by the hand of an Artificer, or Handicraftsman: as, table neufve, a new table; chapeau neuf, a new Hat.   


CHAP. I. Of Verbs and their several Tenses: and first of the Present Tense.  
WE use the Present Tense in the same manner that the Latins and all other Ntions use it: in this only we differ from them; that the Verb Substantive in the present tense hath often with us the power and force of the future: as for example, if we would render this in French, Crastinus illucescet, Veneris dies, To morrow will be Friday; we should say, Il est demain Vendredy. In which manner of speaking, as we differ from most other Languages, so do we seem something to agree with the Greek; with which our Language hath in many things very great Affinity. For there you may very aptly express the future tense of the infinitive mood, or of participles, either by the Aorists or by the present tense, if you but only add the particle àv: as for example, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 (for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; What do you think his Father will do?   

CHAP. II. Of the Preterimperfect tense.  
YOu are to observe in the first place, that this Tense hath something common with the first preter-imperfect tense of the optative mood: as for example; Si les Princes Chrestiens embrassoient religieusement les interests des Venitiens, le Turc ne prendroit pas la Candie, If the Princes of Christendom (as their religion bound them to do) had joined together in the assistance of the Venetians, the Turk had never taken Candie.  
Secondly, we use this tense, when an Action meets with any Impediment: as for example; le Roy de Espagne conspiroit la perte des Provinces unies, mais la haute sagesse des illustres Senateurs a coupé pié à ses desseins, the King of Spain conspired the ruin of the united Provinces; but the great Wisdom of those Illustrious Statesmen happily prevented his designs.  
Thirdly, we use it when we give witness of any truth: as for example; I'estois à Paris quand on tendit les chaisnes, I was at Paris when the streets were all chained up; I'estois à Gravelinne, quand son Altesse Royale y donnoit ses order, I was at Gravelling when all things were ordered as it pleased the Duke of Orleans.  
Fourthly, when we speak of any long Action which seems to imply a habit or constant practice: as for example; Alexandre le grand, ayant assuyé les travaux de la guerre, alloit à la chasse, Alexander the Great, when he had made an end of any fight with his Enemy, usually went a hunting. But if we speak of a thing that happened but once only, than we must use the definite preterperfect tense.  
Fifthly, we use this tense when we speak of some short action, where either Que or Qui follow: as for example; I'ay veu auioud'huy un homme qui alloit aux champs, I saw a man to day that went into the Country; Il me dit hier qu'il alloit à la Messe: He told me yesterday, that he was going to Mass.  
Sixthly, if it be in the same Province in which a thing was done: I'estois en Languedoc, quand le Duc de Mommorency sut decapité, I was in Languedock when the Duke of Mommorency was beheaded.  
Seventhly, it is used when there is mention made of any notable virtues or Qualities of any person: as for example; Elisabeth Rein d' Angleterre estoit tres vertueuse, avoit esprit, Elizabeth Queen of England, was a very virtuous woman, and a woman of excellent Parts.  
Eighthly, if we speak of the Age of any person that is dead: as for example; Henry le grand estoit agé de 54 ans quand il mourut, Henry the fourth of France was four and fifty years of age when he died.  
Nithly, When we speak of the inconstancy of man: as for example; Ce Gentilhomme que vous connoissiez l'année passée, demeuroit tantost au fauxbourg, tantost dans la Ville, The Gentleman that you were ac quainted with last year, lived sometimes in the Suburbs, and sometimes in the City; Il changeoit tous les iours de dessein, He changed his mind every day.  
Tenthly, You are to observe, that the particle Si, which in Latin is usually joined with the Prerterim perfect tense of the subjunctive mood, is with us joined with the Preterimperfect tense of the indicative mood: as for example; Si la vertu regnoit, le vice seroit abbatu: Which the Latin expresseth, not as we do by the Preterimperfect tense of the indicative mood, but by the Preterimperfect tense of the subjunctive mood, thus; Si regnaret virtus jaceret vitium. You must take heed that you do not say, Si la vertu regneroit, as the English do, If virtue should reign, etc. You are therefore to take notice, that Si is never in French joined with the present tense of the optative mood, but always with the present tense of the indicative: for we do not say, Si i'aye, If I have, but, Si i'ay. And so likewise if it to be joined with a preterimperfect tense, it must be that of the indicative mood: as, Si i'ayois, if I had, and not, Si i'aurois. Yet if we speak doubtfully of any thing, we may join it with the preterimperfect tense of the optative mood: as, ie ne sçay pas s'il me feroit cette grace, I know not whether he would do me this favour or not. The particle Simo is elegantly put in the preterplu perfect tense of the Optative mood: as for example, Si i'eusse eu, If I had had, etc.  
But we do not say in the preter perfect tense of the optative (unless we speak doubt fully) Simo i'aye esté, If I have been; but, s i'ay esté. Englishmen must take heed that they say not, si ie parleray; but, Si ie parle.  
We use the preterimperfect tense also after lors que, tandis que, durant que, pendant que, durantque i'estois, etc.   

CHAP. III. Of the Preterperfect Tense.  
THe Greeks, besides their preterperfect tense, have also an Aorist, that is to say, a definite preterperfect tense. In like manner the French also, (such is the copiousness and Elegancy of their Language) have a twofold preterperfect tense, which they use according as the variety of the thing they are to express shall require. The one of these is of a certain, and definite signification, and declares the time when any thing was done: as for example; le General lean de Werd, voulant inonder la France, par ses arms, fut pris l'an mil six cens, etc. General john de Werd, purposing to overrun all France with his Army, was taken in the year 1600. Where you see the time is expressed, wherein this thing was done.  
But if you purpose not to denote the particular time when such a thing was done, you must then use the indefinite preterperfect tense: as for example; le Roy Lovis XIV. a veu toutes les plus celebres villes de son Roy aume, King Lewis XIV. hath taken a view of the most famous cities of his Kingdom.   

CHAP. IU. In what cases the Definite Preterperfect Tense is to be used.  
WE use the definite e preterperfect tense, first, when we would express the time when any thing was done: as for example; Le Roy assigea Bourdeaux le 16 de Septembre 1650. The King sat down before Bourdeaux the 16 of September 1650.  
Secondly, when we tell any Story, where the Action was not long in doing: as, Alexandre le Grand rangea sous l'obeyssance de son Pere en son absence, les Provinces revoltes, etc. Alexander the Great reduced those Provinces, that had revolted in his Father's absence.  
We use it, thirdly, when we speak of any short Action of a person that is dead: as for example, Louis 13 prit la Rochel, Lewis 13 took Rochel. And although we do not express the time when any thing was done, we must not use the indefinite preterperfect tense, if so be we speak of those that are dead: But you may elegantly say, Louis 14 a pris Bourdeaux, Lewis the fourteenth hath taken Bcurdeaux, because he still reigns.   

CHAP. V When the Indefinite Preterperfect Tense is to be used.  
FIrst, we use the indefinite preterperfect tense, when we express not the time when a thing was done: as, Le Roy Lovys XIV. a défait les troops Espagnolles devant Rocroy, K. Lewis XIV. defeated the Spanish Forces at the Battle of Rocroy. But this is to be understood, if we speak of any person now in being; for otherwise we must use the definite: as for example; Le Mareschall de Chastillon fut tué à Charenton, Martial Chastillon was slain at Charenton.  
Secondly, if there be a demonstrative Declaration of the time: as for example; Nous sommes allés de pis en pis ce siecle, cét an, ce mois, cétte sémaine; We are grown worse and worse in this Age, this year, this Month, this Week. We use it likewise, as often as we use any pronoun Demonstrative; although the thing spoken of had been done two hundred Ages before, if it were possible.  
We use it, thirdly, if we speak of any Action the same day that it was done: as for example; I'ay esté aujourd'huy à la Messe, I have been at Mass to day.  
Lastly, we use the said tense before depuis: as for example; Nous avons esté malheureux depuis deux ans, We have been unhappy these two years.   

CHAP. VI Of the Preterpluperfect, and of the Future Tenses: as also of the Imperative Mood.  
I Shall not need to say much of these Tenses, and Mood; being we use them in the same manner that the Latins do; neither is there any difference betwixt ours and all other Languages, in this particular. Yet you must take heed that you say not, si i'aimgray, if I will love, as the English speak; but, si i'ayme.  
In the Imperative mood you must not put the person after the Verb; nor in any other case, except there be a Question asked: as, aimés-vous, Do you love? or in the Imperatives in Reciprocalls: as, leves-vous, Rise you up. But you must not imitate the English, who say, Love thou; in French, aim toy; nor yet the Italians, who say, parli tu, speak thou: but you must barely say, parley, and no more.   

CHAP. VII. Of the Optative Mood.  
AS often as we express any of these Latin words, utinam, etsi, dummodò, cùm, dum, ita ut, ut ne, we must use the optative mood. Now the Signs of the optative mood are these; encoreque, moyennantque, pourveuque, de sorteque, affinque, de peurque, jaçoitque: as, Vunam amem, God grant I love, Dieu uüeille que j'aime. The particle que is threefold; Affirmative, Conditional, and Adverbial. When it is affirmative, it governs an Indicative Mood: as, je croy que vous estes mon amy, I believe that you are my Friend. But if there be any doubt in our belief of the thing, we then say, je crois que Monsieur soit mon amy, I suppose the Gentleman to be my Friend. If it be conditional, it requires an Optative Mood. When it is taken adverbially, it governs the Indicative Mood: as, je croy qu'il viendra, I believe that he will come.  
We use the present Tense of the optative mood no otherwise then the Latins do: as, licét habeam, although I have, encoreque i'aye.   

CHAP. VIII. Of the Preterperfect Tense of the Optative Mood.  
THe French have two Preterimperfect Tenses in the Optative Mood; both of which have the selfsame signification with the Latins preterimperfect tense optative: as to instance in Haberem, which the French render by j'aurois, and j'eusse. Only there is this difference betwixt these two, that the former of them rejecteth the Signs of the optative mood: as for example, you must not say, pleust à Dieu que j'aurois, nor affinque j'aurois; but thus, affinque que j'eusse, pourveuque que j'eusse. The second therefore of these preterimperfect tenses admits the said Signs of the optative; namely, Dieu vueille que, moyennantque, de sorteque, de peurque, etc. Ne haberet, in Latin, is rendered by the French, de peur qu'il eust:  haberet, is with them, affinqu'il eust. you must not say, affin qu'il auroit. I shall say nothing of the preterperfect tense, because it is used by the French in the same manner as it is by the Latins.  
They have also two preterpluperfect tenses, which are in the same manner differenced, as preterimperfect tenses are: as for example, the former of them admits not the Signs of the optative, but the other doth. Therefore you must not say, Dieu vueille que j'aurois eu; but, Dieu uüeille que j'eusse eu, Would to God I had had, etc.  
We use the Future Tense in like manner as the Latins do.   

CHAP. IX. Of the Infinitive Mood.  
THere are three things especially, which give us notice when we are to use this Mood. The first is, when a noun substantive, or a noun adjective, that hath the force of a substantive, cometh betwixt two Verbs; for in this case the latter Verb must be the infinitive Mood, and usually hath the particle de joined with it: as for example; I'ay dessein d'aller à Paris, I have a purpose of going to Paris; il est impossible de faire cela, It is impossible to do this. Also you use the infinitive mood, joined with the, where the Latins use the Gerund in di: as for example; Habeo desiderium te videndi, I have a desire to see thee; the French say thus, j'ay desir de vous voir. But here we are to note, that this other way of speaking, namely, j'ay un dessein à vous communiquer, alth ough it be of as large extent as the former; yet we cannot make use of it, save only where there hath no mention as yet been made of the thing that is to be communicated. As for example; if we meet with a Friend by chance, you may then say to him, j'ay un dessein à vous communiquer; which the Latins express thus, Habeo aliquid tibi communicandum, I have somewhat to communicate unto you: But you must not here say, j'ay quelque chose de vous communiquer. But if your Friend had first himself mentioned the business, you cannot then say, j'ay dessein de vous dire cela; but you must say, c'est cela que j'ay à vous dire; changing only the order of the words. Now that there is much difference betwixt these two manners of speaking, I have this to communicate unto you, and, I have something to communicate unto you, is very evident. For when you say, I have this to communicate, etc. you seem to denote some particular thing: but when you say, I have something to communicate, etc. you express nothing particularly.  
If another Verb come after any of these Verbs following, we use the particle de: as for example, 

S'abstenir, to abstain.  
Apprehender, to apprehend.  
Charger, to charge.  
Desister, to desist.  
Permettre, to permit.  
Protester, to protest.  
Refuser, to refuse.  
Souhaitter, to desire.  
Se soucier, to take care.  
Prior, to pray.  
Commander, to command.  
Supplier, to supply.  
Contraindre, to constrain.  
Persuader, to persuade.  
Dissuader, to dissuade.  
Forcer, to force.  
Empescher, to hinder.  
Detourner, to avert.  
Divertir, to divert.  
Continuer, to continue.  
S'efforcer, to endeavour.  
Confirmer, to confirm.  
Differer, to defer.  
Conjurer, to conjure.  
Convier to invite.  
Inviter to invite.  
Conseiller, to counsel.  
Deffendre, to defend.  
Enjoyndre, to enjoin.  
Exhorter, to exhort.  
Proposer, to propound.  
Promettre, to promise.  
Asseurer, to assure.  
Presser, to press.  
Haster, to hasten.  
Resoudre, to resolve.  
Se repentir, to repent.    
As for example; je vous prie de faire cela, I desire you do to this thing; je vous contraindray de faire cela, I will compel you to do this. If any of these words following come after a Verb substantive, you must use de also: as for example; je suis aise de cela, etc. Observe, that if two Verbs come together, the infinitive must be put down simply: as, je veux lire, I will read. Observe moreover, that where the Latins use a Supine after Verbs of motion, we use the infinitive without any addition: as for example, eo vijum, I go to see; you must not say in French, je vay de voir, but, je vay voir. After these two following Verbs, we use à; namely, Commencer, and apprendre: as for example; je commence à monter à cheval; j'apprends à dancer: And so likewise after certain adjectives that signify profit; as, cela est propre à fair, etc.  
We use à after these Verbs following; viz. S'accoustumer, s'addonner, s'sassuietir, s'amuser, s'apprester, s'atlacher condamner, destiner, entendre, s'employer: as for example; je m'addonne á lire la Theologie, I study Divinity. Where the Latins use ad, we use pour: as, ad habendum, pour avoir. So where the English say, for to, we likewise use pour: as, For to go; we say this, pour aller.  
Secondly, we use the infinitive mood in all places, where the Latins express any thing by the Conjunction, ut; as for example;  amaret, pour aimer.  
Thirdly, we use it where the Latins use the Gerund in di, with either of these words, gratia, or causa: as, Amandi causa, pour aimer; faciendi gratia, pour fair, etc.   

CHAP. X. Of the Participle of the Present Tense.  
PArticiples of the Present Tense always end in ant: as, Aimant, loving; lisant, reading; enseignant, teaching, etc.  
The participle of the present tense is never changed in either gender, unless it be put in the place of an adjective: as, les gazoüillements du Rossignol rendent une charmante harmony, The singing of the Nightingale yields a very pleasant harmony.  
The participle of the preterperfect tense is changed in the passive voice, in reciprocal Verbs, and neuter-passives, and it agreeth with its nominative case in gender and number: as, Elle est aimée, She is loved; Elle s'est leuée, She is risen; Elle est venüe, She is come.  
The participle of the preterperfect tense changeth not in the active voice, unless it meet with a relative signifying suffering: as, lafoy mere que i'ay aimée, the Mother whom I loved; les hommes que i'ay veus, the men that I saw.  
Secondly, it changeth, whensoever it meeteth with lafoy, or les; as, je l'ay veüe, I saw her; je les ay battus, I beat them; je les ay salüées, I saluted them,  
Thirdly, if nous, or vous come betwixt a substantive and the participle; as, il nous a recompensés, he hath rewarded us; il vous a priés, he entreated you. If vous or nous have reference to the feminine gender, you must say, il nous a aimées.  
Me and te observe the same rule; as, il m'a aimée; il t'a veüe, if it be spoken of a Woman. If any Verb follow the participle, it is not changed: For we say, je ne les ay iamais entendu parler, I never heard them speak.  

Verba auxiliaria apud Gallos duo enumerantur; nimirum, j'ay, & je suis. I'ay verbis activis inservit; je suis reciprocis, & verbis motus.  
Indicativus Modus. The Indicative Mood. Habeo. I'ay, tu as, il a, nous avons, vous a vez, ils ont. I have, thou hast, he hath, we have, ye have, they have. Imperfectum. The preterimperfect Tense. Habebam. I'avois, tu avois, il avoit, nous avions, vous aviez, ils avoyent. I had, thou hadst, he had, we had, ye had, they had. Definitum. The first preterite. Habui. I'eus, tu eus, il eut, nous eûmes, vous eûtes, ils eurent. I had: the same in English, but in French one is for a long action, the other for a short. Indefinitum. The second preterite. Habui. I'ay eu tu as eu, il a eu nous avons eu, vous avez eu, ils ont eu. I have had, thou hast had, he hath had, we have had, ye have had, they have had. Plusquam perfectum. The pluter perfect tense. Habueram. I'avois eu, tu avois eu, il avoit eu, nous avions eu, vous aviez eu, ils avoyent eu. I had had, thou hadst had, he had had, we had had, ye had had, they had had. Futurum. The futur. Habebo. I'auray, tu auras, il aura, nous aurons, vous aurez, ils auront. I shall have or I will have, thou shalt have, he shall have, we shall have, ye shall have, they shall have. Imperativus Modus. Imperative Mood. Habe. Ay, qu'il ait, ayons, ayez, qu'ils ayent. Have thou, let him have, let us have, have ye, let them have. Optativus Modus. The Optative Mood. utinam habeam. Dieu uüeille que j'aye, tu ayes, il ait, nous ayons, vous ayez, ils ayent. God grant I may have. Imperfectum primum. The Imperfect. Haberem. I'aurois tu aurois, il auroit, nous aurions, vous auriéz, il auroyent. I should have. Imperfectum secundum. The second Impersect. utinam haberem. I'eusse, tu eusses, il eût, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils eussent. Would to God I had had. Perfectum. The perfect. Cum habuerim. I'aye eu, tu ayes eu, il ait eu, nous ayons eu, vous ayés eu, il ayent eu. Seeing that I have had. Plusquam perfectum primum. 1. Pluterperfect. Cum habuissem. Quand j'aurois eu, tu aurois eu, il auroit eu, nous aurions eu, vous auriéz eu, ils auroyent eu. When I should have had. Plusquam perfectum secundum. The second. utinam haberem. Pleust à Dieu que j'eusse eu, tu eusses eu, il eust eu, nous eussions, eu, vous eussiéz eu, ils eussent eu. Would to God I had had. Futurum Conjunctivi. The future of the Conjunctive. Cum habuero. Quand j'auray eu, tu auras eu, il aura eu, nous aurons eu, vous aurez eu, ils auront eu. When I shall have had: but the English say only, when I have had. Infinitivus Modus. The Infinitive Mood. Habere. Avoir, avoir eu, ayant eu. To have, to have had, having had.  
Verbum Substantivum sum, je suis. The Verb I am. Indicativus. The Indicative. Sum. je suis, tu es, il est, nous sommes, vous estes, ils sont. I am, thou art, he is, we are, ye are, they are. Imperativus. The imperfect tense. Eram. I'estois, tu estois, il estoit, nous estions, vous estiez, ils estoyent. I was, thou wast, he was, we were, ye were, they were. Definitum. The first perfect. Fui. je fus, tu fus, il fut, nous fûmes, vous fûtes, ils furent. I was: the same. Indefinitum. The second imperfect. Fui. I'ay esté, tu as esté, il a esté, nous avons esté, vous avez esté, ils ont esté. I have been, thou hast been, he hath been, we have been, ye have been, they have been. Plusquam perfect. The pluterperfect. Fueram. I'avois esté, tu avois esté, il avoit esté, nous avions esté, vous aviez esté, ils avoyent esté. I had been, thou hadst been, he had been, we had been, ye had been, they had been. Futurum. The future sense. Ero. je seray, tu seras, il sera, nous serons, vous serez, ils seront. I shall be, thou shalt be, he shall be, we shall be, ye shall be, they shall be. Imperativus Modus. The Imperative Mood. Sis. Sois, qu'il soit, soyons, soyez, qu'ils soyent. Be thou, let him be, let us be, be ye, let them be. Optativus Modus. The Optative Mood. utinam sim. Dieu uüeille que je sois, tu sois, il soit, nous soyons, vous soyez, ils soyent. God grant I may be, thou mayest be, he might be, we may be, ye may be, they may be. Imperfectum primum. The first imperfect. Essem. je serois, tu serois, ilseroit, nous serions, vous seriez, ils seroyent. I should be, thou shouldst be, he should be, we should be, ye should be, they should be. Imperfectum secundum. The second imperfect. utinam essem. Pleust à Dieu que je fusse, tu fusses, il fust, nous fussions, vous fussiez, ils fussent. Would to God I were, thou wert, he were, we were, ye were, they were. Praeteritum perfectum. The perfect tense. Cum fuerim. Veu que j'aye esté, tu ayes esté, il ait esté, nous ayons esté, vous ayez esté, ils ayent esté. Seeing I have been, thou hast been, he hath been, we have been, ye have been, they have been. Plusquam perfectum primum. The first pluterperfect tense. Cum fuissem. Quand j'aurois esté, tu aurois esté, il auroit esté, nous aurions esté, vous auriez esté, ils auroyent esté. When I should have been, thou should est have been, he should have been, we should have been, ye should have been, they should have been. Plusquam perfectum secundum. The second. utinam fuissem. Pleust à Dieu que j'eusse esté, tu eusses esté, il eust esté, nous eussions esté, vous eussiez esté, ils eussent esté. Would to God I had been, thou hadst been, he had been, we had been, ye had been, they had been. Futurum. Future. Cum fuero. Quand j'auray esté, tu auras esté, il aura esté, nous aurons esté, vous aurez esté, ils auront esté. When I have been, etc. Infinitivus Modus. The Infinitive Mood. Esse. Estre, avoir esté, estant esté. To be, to have been, being to have been.  
Verbum primae conjugationis desinit in er. The Verb of the first conjugation endeth in er. Indicativus. The indicative. Loquor. je parle, tu parles, il parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent. I speak, thou speakest, he speaketh, we speak, ye speak, they speak. Imperfectum. The imperfect. Loquebar. je parlois, tu parlois, il parloit, nous parlions, vous parliez, ils parloyent. I did speak, thou didst speak, he did speak, we did speak, ye did speak, they did speak. Definitum. The first perfect. Locutus sum. je parley, tu parlas, il parla, nous parlâmes, vous parlâtes, ils parlerent. Idem. Indefinitum. The second perfect. Locutus sum. I'ay parlé, tu as parlé, il a parlé, nous avons parlé, vous avez parlé, ils ont parlé. I have spoken, thou hast spoken, he hath spoken, we have spoken, ye have spoken, they have spoken. Plusquam perfectum. The pluterperfect. Locutus eram. I'avois parlé, tu avois parlé, il avoit parlé, nous avions parlé, vous aviez parlé, ils avoyent parlé. I had spoken, thou hast spoken, he had spoken, we had spoken, ye had spoken, they spoken. Futurum. The future. Loquar. je parleray, tu parleras, il parlera, nous parlerons, vous parlerez, ils parleront. I shall or will speak, thou shalt speak, he shall speak, we shall speak, ye shall speak, they shall speak. Imperativus Modus. The Imperative Mood. Loquere. Parle, qu'il parle, parlons, parlez, qu'ils parlent. Speak thou, let him speak, let us speak, speak ye, let them speak. Optativus Modus. The Optative Mood. utinam loquar. Dieu vuëille que je parle, tu parles, il parle, nous parlions, vous parliez, ils parlent. God grant I may speak, thou mayest speak, he may speak, we may speak, ye may speak, they may speak. Imperfectum primum. The first imperfect. Loquerer. je parlerois, tu parlerois, il parleroit, nous parlerions, vous parleriez, ils parleroyent. I should speak, thou shouldst speak, he should speak, we should speak, ye should speak, they should speak. Imperfectum secundum. The second imperfect. utinam loquerer. Pleust à Dieu que je parlasse, tu parlasses, il parlast, nous parlassions, vous parlassiez, ils parlassent. Would to God I should speak, thou shouldst speak, he should speak, we should speak, ye should speak, they should speak. Perfectum. The preterperfect tense. Cum locutus sim. Veu que j'aye parlé, tu ayes parlé, il ait parlé, nous ayons parlé, vous ayez parlé, ils ayent parlé. Seeing that I have spoken, thou hast spoken, he hath spoken, we have spoken, ye have, they have spoken. Plusquam perfectum primum. The first pluterperfect tense. Cum locutus fuissem. Quand j'aurois parlé, tu autois parlé, il auroit parlé, nous aurions parlé, vous auriez parlé, ils auroyent parlé. When I should have spoken, thou shouldst have spoken, he should have spoken, we should have spoken, ye should have spoken, they should have spoken. Plusquam perfectum secundum. The second pluterperfect. utinam locutus fuissem. Pleust à Dieu que jeusse parlé, tu eusses parlé, il eust parlé, nous eussions parlé, vous eussiez parlé, ils eusent parlé. Would to God I had spoken, thou hadst spoken, he had spoken, we had spoken, ye had spoken, they had spoken. Futurum conjunctivi. Future of the conjunctive. Cum locutus fuero. Quand j'auray parlé, tu auras parlé, il aura parlé, nous aurons parlé, vous aurez parlé, ils auront parlé. When I have spoken, thou hast spoken, he hath spokën, we have spoken, ye have spoken, they have spoken. Infinitivus Modus. The Infinitive Mood. Loqui. Parlour, avoir parlé, parlant, ayant parlé. To speak, to have spoken, speaking, having spoken.  
Verbum secunndae conjugationis desinit in it. The Verb of the second conjugation endeth in it. Indicativus Modus. Indicative Mood. Aedifico. je basti, tu bastis, il bastit, nous bastissons, vous bastissez, ils bastissent. I build, thou buildest, he buildeth, we build, ye build, they build. Imperfectum. The imperfect. Aedificabam. je bastissois, tu bastissois, il bastissoit, nous bastissions, vous bastissiez, ils bastissoyent. I did build. Definitum perfectum. The first perfect. Aedificavi. je bastis, tu bastis, il bastit, nous bastimes, vous bastîtes, ils bastirent. I did build. Indefinitum perfect. The compouded perfect. Aedificavi. J'ay basty, tu as basty, il a basty, nous avons basty, vous avez basty, ils ont basty. I have, thou hast, he hath, we have, ye have, they have builded. Plusquam perfectum. The pluterperfect. Aedificaveram. I'avois basty, tu avois basty, il avoit basty, nous avions basty, vous aviez basty, ills avoyent basty. I had built. Futurum. The future. Aedificabo. je bastiray, tu bastiras, il bastira, nous bastirons, vous bastirez, ils bastiront. I shall build. Imperativus Modus. The Imperative Mood. Aedifica. Basty, qu'il bastisse, bastissons, bastissez, qu'ils bastissent. Build you. Optativus Modus. The Optative Mood. utinam aedificem. Dieu uüeille que ie bastisse, tu bastisse, i'll bastisse, nous bastissions, vous bastissiez, ils bastissent. God grant I may build. Imperfectum primum. The first imperfect. Aedificarem. je bastirois, tu bastirois, il bastiroit, nous bastirions, vous bastiriez, ils bastiroyent. I should build, thou shouldest build, he should build, we should, ye should, they should build. Imperfectum secundum. The second imperfect. utinam aedificarem. Pleust à Dieu que je bastisse, tu bastisses, il bastist, nous bastissions, vous bastissiez, ils bastissent. Would to God I should build. Perfectum. The perfect. Cum aedificaverim. I'aye basty, tu ayes basty, il ait basty, nous ayons basty, vous ayez basty, ills ayent basty. Seeing I have built. Plusquam perfectum primum. The first pluterperfect. Cum aedificavissem. Quand j'aurois basty, tu aurois, il auroit, nous aurions, vous auriez, ilz auroyent basty. When I should have built. Plusquam perfectum secundum. The second. utinam aedificassem. Pleust à Dieu que j'eusse basty, tu eusses, il eust, nous eussions, vous eussiez, ils eussent basty. Would to God I should have built. Futurum conjunctivi. The future of the conjunctive. Cum aedificavero. Quand j'auray basty, tu auras basty, il aura basty, nous aurons basty, vous aurez basty, ills auront basty. When I have built. Infinitivus Modus. The Infinitive Mood. Bastir, avoir basty, bastissant, basty. To build, to have built, building, built.  
Verba tertiae conjugationis desinunt in oir, ut, dévoir, reçevoir, avoir, vouloir. The Verb of the third conjuration is ended in oir, as, dévoir, recevoir, etc. Indicativus Modus. The Indicative Mood. Recipio. je reçois, tu reçois, il reçoit, nous recevons, vous recevez, ils reçoivent. I receive, thou receivest, he receiveth, we receive, ye receive, they receive. Imperfectum. Imperfect. Recipiebam. je recevois, tu recevois, il recevoit, nous recevions, vous receviez, ils recevoyent. I did receive, thou didst receive, he did receive, we did receive, ye did receive, they did receive. Definitum. The first perfect. Recepi. je receus, tu receus, il receut, nous receûmes, vous receûtes, ils receurent. I received, thou receivedst, he received, we received, ye received, they received. Indefinitum. The second perfect. Recepi. I'ay receu, tu as receu, il a receu, nous avons receu, vous avez receu, ils ont receu. I have received, thou hast received, he hath received, we have received, ye have received, they have received. Plusquam perfectum. The pluterperfect. Receperam. I'avois receu, tu avois, il avoit, nous avions, vous aviez, ils avoyent receu. I had received. Futurum. The future. Recipiam. je receuray, tu receuras, il receura, nous receurons, vous receurez, ils receuront. I shall or I will receive, thou shalt, he shall, we shall, ye shall they shall receive. Imperativus Modus. The Imperative Mood. Recipe. Reçois, qu'il reçoive, recevons, recevez, qu'ils reçoivent. Receive thou, let him receive, let us receive, receive ye, let them receive. Optativus Modus, The Optative Mood. utinam recipiam. Dieu uüeille que ie reçoive, tu reçoives, il reçoive, nous recevions, vous receviez, ils reçoivent. God grant I may receive, thou mayest receive, he may receive, etc. Imperfectum primum. The first imperfect. Reciperem. je receurois, tu receurois, il receuroit, nous receurions, vous receuriez, ils receuroyent. I should receive, thou, he, we, ye, they should receive. Imperfectum secundum. The second imperfect. utinam reciperem. Pleust à Dieu que ie receusse, tu receusses, il receust, nous receussions, vous receussiez, ils receussent. Would to God I should receive, thou shouldst receive, he should receive, we should receive, ye should, they should receive. Perfectum.  Cum receperim. I'aye receu, tu ayes receu, il ait receu, nous ayons receu, vous ayez receu, ils ayent receu. Seeing I have received. Plusquam persectum primum. The first pluterperfect. Cum recepissem. Quand j'aurois receu, tu aurois receu, il auroit receu, nous aurions receu, vous auriez receu, ils auroyent receu. When I should have received. Plusquam perfectum secundum. The second imperfect. utinam recepissem. Pleust à Dieu que j'eusse receu, tu eusses receu, il eust receu, nous eussions receu, vous eussiez receu, ils eussent receu. Would to God I should have received. Futurum conjunctivi. The future of the conjunctive. Cum recepero. Quand j'auray receu, tu auras receu, il aura receu, nous aurons receu, vous aurez receu, ils auront receu. When I have received. Infinitivus Modus. The Infinitive Mood. Recipere. Recevoir. To receive. Recepisse. Avoir receu. To have received. Recipiens. Recevant. Receiving. Ayant receu. Having received. Receptus. Receu. Received.  

Verbum quartae Conjugationis desinit in re, ut craindre.  Indicativus Modus.  Timeo. je crains, tu crains, i'll craint, nous craignons, vous craignez, ils craignent. I fear. Imperfectum.  Timebam. je craignois, tu craignois, il craignoit, nous craignions', vous craigniez, ils craignoyent. I did fear. Definitum.  Timui. je craignis, tu craignis, il craignit, nous craignimes, vous craignites, ils craignirent. I feared. Indefinitum.  I'ay craint.  Plusquam perfectum.  Timueram. I'avois craint. I have feared. Futurum.  Timebo. je craindray, as, a, craindrons, craindrez, ils craindront. I shall fear. Imperativus Modus.  Time. Crains, qu'il craigne, craignons, craignez, qu'ils craignent. Fear thou. Optativus Modus.  utinam timeam. Dieu uüeille que je craigne, tu craignes, i'll craigne, nous craignions', vous craigniez, ils craignent. God grant I fear. Imperfectum primum.  Timerem. je craindrois, tu craindrois, il craindroit, nous craindrions, vous craindriez, ils craindroyent. I should fear. Imperfectum secundum.  utinam timerem. Que je craignisse, tu craignisses, i'll craignist, nous craignissions, vous craignissiez, ils craignissent. Would to God I should fear. Perfectum.  Cum timuerim. Que j'aye craint. Seeing I have feared. Plusquam perfectum primum.  Cum timuissem. Quand j'aurois craint. When I should have feared. Plusquam perfectum secundum.  utinam timuissem. Pleust à Dieu que j'eusse craint. Would to God I had feared. Futurum conjunctivi.  Cum timuero. Quand j'auray craint. When I have feared. Infinitivus Modus.  Timere, timuisse, timens. Craindre, avoir craint, craignant, craint. To fear, to have feared.  

Sic conjugabis verba reciproca.  je me leve, tu te leves, il seleve, nous nous levons, vous vous levez ils se levent. I rise, thou risest, etc. In compositis utuntur pro suosigno verbo je suis.  Je me suis leué, tu t'es leué, il s'est leué, &c,   

Verbum primae conjugationis unicum anomalum habet, nimirum aller. Haec tempora sunt irregularia quae conjugabuntur. Observa secundo, verba omnia motus apud Gallos', uti je suis, in suis praeteritis compositis.  Je vay, tu vas, il va, nous allons, vous allez, ils vont. I go. Je suis allé. I am gone. J'iray, tu iras, il ira, nous irons, vous irez, ils iront. I shall go. Va qu'il aille. Go thou. J'irois, tu irois, il iroit, nous irions, vous iriez, ils iroyent. I should go.  

The irregular Verbs of the second Conjugation.  Morior.  IE meurs, tu meurs, il meurt, mourons, mourés, meurent. I die, thou diest, he dyeth, we die, ye die, they die. je mourois. Moriebar. I did die. je mourus. Mortuus sum. I did die a while ago. je suis mort. Idem. I am dead. I'estois mort. Mortuus eram, I was dead. je mourray. Moriar, morere. I shall die. Meurs, qu'il meure, mourons, és, meurrent. Morerer. Dye thou, let him die, let us die, die ye, let them die. Que ie meure. Utinam moriar. That I might die. je mourrois. Morerer. I shall die. je mourrusse. Utinam morerer. Would to God I had died. je sois mort. Cum mortuus sim.  je serois mort. Cum mortuus essem.  je susse mort. Utinam mortuus essem.  je serois mort. Cum mortuus fuero.  Mourir, estre mort, mourant, mort. Mori.  Venir, To come. Venio.  je viens, tu viens, vient, venons, venés, viennent. I come, thou comest, he cometh, etc. je venois. Veniebam veni. I did come. I came. je vins, tu vins, vint, vinsmes, vinstes, vinrent. I am come, I shall come, come thou, let him come, etc. Veni.  je suis venu. I shall come. That I might come. je viendray. Veniam. I should come. Vien, qu'il vienne, venons, venés, viennent. Would GOD I did come. Utinam veniam. Que je vienne, es, vienne, venions, veniés, viennent. Seeing I am come. je viendrois. When I was come. je vinsse, sses, vinct, vinssions, vinssiés, vinssent. Would to GOD I had come. je sois venu. When I shall come. je serois venu. To come. je fusse venu. To have come. je seray venu. Coming, come. Venir.  Estre venu, venant, venu.  Dormir, to Sleep. Dormio.  je dors. tu dors, dort, dormons, I sleep. dorméz, dorment. I did sleep. je dormois. I did sleep a while ago. je dormis; ut ravis. I have slept. I'ay dormy. I had slept. I'avois dormi. I shall sleep. je dormiray. Dor, qu'il dorme, dormons, dormés, dorment. Sleep thou, let him sleep, let us sleep, sleep ye, let them sleep. Que ie dorme: ut i'aime. That I might fleep. je dormirois. I should sleep. je dormisse: ut, ie ravisse. Would God I had slept. I'aye dormi. Seeing that I have slept. I'aurois dormi. When I had slept. I'eusse dormi. Would God I had slept. I'auray dormi. To sleep. Avoir dormi. To have slept. Dormant. Sleeping. Courir, to Run. Curro.  je course, tu course, court, courons, I run. ez, courent. I did rune je courois. I did run a while ago. je courus. I have run. I'ay couru. I had run. I'avois couru. I shall run. je courray. Cours, qu'il coure, courons, courès, courent. Run you, let him run, let us run, etc. Que ie coure.— 1. That I might run. je courrois. I should run. je courusse.— 3. Would God I had run. I'aye couru. Seeing that I had run. I'aurois couru. When I did run. I'eusse couru. I had run. I'auray couru. When I shall run. Courir. to run. Avoir couru. To have run. Courant. Running. Couru.  Sortir, To go out. Egredior.  je sors, tu sors, sort, sortons, es, sortent. I go out, etc. I did go out, etc. je sortois, ois, oit, sortions, sortiés, sortoyent. I did go out a while ago. je sortis: R. I am gone out. je suis sorti. I was gone out. I'estois sorti. I sholl go out. je sortiray. Sors, qu'il sort, sortons, sortés, Go out, let him go out, let us go forth, etc. qù'ils' sortent. That I might go out. Que ie sort,— 1. je sortirois: Would God I had gone out. je sortisse: R. je sois sorti. Seeing that I have gone out. je serois sorti. When I was gone out. je fusse sorti. je seray sorti. Would God I were gone out. Sortir. When I am gone. Estre sorti. To go forth, to be gone, Sortant. being gone. Tenir, To hold. Teneo.  je tiens, tu tiens, tient, tenons, tenés, tiennent. I hold, etc. je tenois. I did hold. je tins, tu tins, il tint, tinsmes, tinstes, tinrent. I did hold a while ago, etc. I'ay tenu. I have held. I'avois tenu I had held. je tiendray. I shall hold. Tien, qu'il tienne, tenons, tenés, tiennent. Hold you, let him hold, etc. Que ie tienne. That I might hold. je tiendrois. I should hold. je tinsse, sses, tinst, tinssions, tinssies, tinssent. Would God I did hold, etc. I'aye tenu. Seeing that I have held. I'aurois tenu. When I had held. I'eusse tenu. Would to God I had held. I'auray tenu. When I have held. Tenir, avoir tenu. To hold. Tenant, tenu. To have held. Holding, held.  Offrir, To Offer. Offoro.  I'ossre, es, e, offrons, és, offrent. I do offer, thou dost offer, he doth offer, we do offer, ye do offer, they do offer. I'offrois. I did offer. I'offrois: R. I offered. I'ay offered. I have offered. I'avois offered. I had offered. I'offriray. I shall offer. Offer, qu'il offer, offrons, offrès, qu'ils offrent. Offer thou, let him offer. let us offer, offer ye, let them offer. Que i'offre, es, e, offrions, offriés, offrent. That I might offer, etc. I'offrirois. I should offer. I'offrisse: R. Would God I did offer. I'aye offered. Seeing I have offered. I'aurois offered. I should have offered. I'eusse offered. That I had offered. I'auray offered. When I shall have offered. Offrir, avoir offered, offrant, offered. To offer, to have offered, offering, offered. Mentir, To Lie. Mentior.  je mens tu mens, ment, mentons, mentés, mentent. I lie, thou liest, he lieth, we lie, ye lie, they lie. je mentois. I did lie. je mentis. I did lie a while ago. I'ay menti. I have lied. I'avois menti. I had lied. je mentiray. I shall lie. Men, qu'il ment, mentons, és, mentent. Lie, let him lie, let us lie, lie ye, etc. Que ie ment, es, e, mentions, iés, mentent. That I might lie, etc. je mentirois. I should lie. je mentisse. That I should lie. I'aye menti. Seeing I have lied. I'aurois menti. I should have lied. I'eusse menti. That I had lied. I'auray menti. When I shall lie. Mentir, avoir menti. To lie, to have lied, lying. Mentant.  Cueillir. To Gather. Colligo.  Je cueille, tu cueilles, cueille, cueillons, cueillés, cueillent. I do gather, etc. je cueillois. I did gather. je cueillis: R. I gathered. I'ay cueilli. I have gathered. I'avois cueilli. I had gathered. je cueilliray. I shall gather. Cueille, qu'il cueille, cueillons, cueillés, qu'ils cueillent. Gather thou, let him gather, let us gather, gather ye, let them gather. Que ie cueille.—. 1. That I might gather. je cueillirois. I should gather. je cueillisse. To gather. I'aye cueilli. To have gathered, gathering. I'aurois cueilli.  I'eusse cueilli.  I'auray cueilli.  Cueillir, avoir cueilli, cueillant.  Acquerir, To Acquire. Acquiro.  I'acquiers, tu acquiers, i'll acquiert, acquerons, acquerés, acquierent. I do acquire, thou dost acquire, he doth acquire, we do acquire, ye do acquire, they do acquire. I'acquerois. I did acquire. I'acquis: R. I acquired. I'ay acqnis. I have acquired. I'avois acquis. I had acquired. I'acquerray. I will acquire. Acquiers, qu'il acquere, acquerons, acquerez, acquerent. Acquire you, let him acquire, let us acquire, acquire ye, let them acquire. Que i'acquere. That I might acquire. I'acquerrois. I should acquire. I'acquisse. Would to God I did acquire. I'aye acquis. Seeing I have acquired. I'aurois acquis. I should have acquired. I'eusse acquis. I would have acquired. I'auray acquis. When I shall have acquired. Acquerir, avoir acquis, acquerant. To acquire, to have acquired, acquiring. Sentir, To Smell. Sentio.  je sens, tu sens, sent, sentons, sentés, sentent. I smell, etc. je sentois. I did smell. je sentis: R. I did smell a while ago. I'ay senti. I have smelled. I'avois senti. I had smelled. je sentiray. I will smell. Sen, qu'il scent, sentons, sentés, qu'ils sentent. Smell thou, let him smell, let us smell, smell ye, let them smell. Que ie scent— 1. That I might smell. je sentirois. I should smell. je sentisse.— 2. Would to God I did smell. I'aye senti.  I'aurois seuti. Seeing I have smelled. I'eusse senti. I would have smelled. I'auray senti, sentir, avoir senti, sentant. When I shall have smelled. Covurir: To Cover. Tego.  je covure, tu covures, il covure, covurons, covurés, covurent. I do cover, etc. je covurois. I did cover. je covuris. I did cover a while ago. jay convert. I have covered. javois couvert. I had covered. je covuriray. I shall cover. Covure, qu'il covure, covurens, covurés, covurent. Cover thou, let him cover, let us cover, cover ye, let them cover. Que ie covure,— 1. That I might cover. je covurirois. I should cover. je covurisse,— 2. Would God I did cover. I'aye couvert. Seeing I have covered. I'aurois couvert. I should have covered. I'eusse couvert. That I had covered. I'auray couvert. When I shall have covered. Covurir, avoir couvert, covurant. To cover, to have covered, covering, covered. Fuir, To fly. Fugio.  je fuy, tu fuis, fuit, fuyons, fuyés, fuyent. I fly, thou fliest, he flieth, we fly, ye fly, they fly. je fuyois. I did fly. je fuis, fuis, fuit, fuismes, fuistes, fuirent. I flew away. I'ay fuy. I have fled. I'avois fuy. I had fled. je fuiray, fuy, qu'il fuye, fuyons, fuyés, fuyent. Que ie fuye. I will fly. Fly thou, let him fly, let us fly, fly ye, let them fly. je fuirois.  je fuisse: R. That I might fly. I'aye fuy. I should fly. I'aurois fuy. Seeing I have fled. I'eusse fuy. I should have fled. I'auray fuy, fuir, avoir fuy, fuyant. When I shall have fled. To fly, to have fled, flying. Vestir, To wear. Vestio.  je vests, tu vests, i'll vest, nous vestons, vestés, vestent. I do wear. I did wear. je vestois, ois, vestoit, etc. I did wear a while ago. je vestis: R. I have worn. I'ay vestu. I had worn. I'avois vestu. I shall wear. je vestiray, vest, qu'il veste, vestons, vestés, qu'ils vestent. Wear thou, etc. That I might wear. Que ie veste,— 1. I should wear. je vestirois. Seeing I have worn. je vestisse. When I had worn. I'aye vestu. When I shall have worn. I'aurois vestu. I'auray vestu, vestir, avoir vestu, To wear, to have worn, wearing. Failir, To fail. Erro.  je fauls, tu fauls, i'll fault, faillons, etc. I fail, thou failest, he faileth, we fail, ye fail, they fail. je faillois. I did fail. je faillis: R. I did fail a while ago, I'ay failli. I have failed. I'auois failli. I had failed. je failliray, fauls, qu'il faille, faillons, faillés, qu'ils faillent. Dieu vueille, que ie faille, es, faille, faillions, failliés, faillent. I shall fail. Fail thou, let him fail, let us fail, fail ye, let them fail. That I might fail, etc. je faillrois. I should fail. je faillisse. That I did fail. I'aye failli. Seeing I have failed. I'aurois failli. I should have failed. I'auray failli, faillir, avoir failli, faillant.  Partir, To go away. Discedo.  je pars, tu pars, il part, partons, partés, partent. I go away, thou goest away, he goeth away, we go away, ye go away, they go away. je partois. I did go away. je partis. I parted yesterday. je suis parti. I am gone away. I'estois parti. I was gone away. je portiray, pars, qu'il part, partons, partés, qu'ils partent. Que ie part, parts, part, etc. I shall go away. Go away, let him go, let us go, go ye, etc. That I might go away. je partirois. I should go away. je partisse. je sois parti. Would God that I were gone away. je serois parti. Seeing I am gone. je fusse parti. I should be gone. je seray parti, partir, estre parti, partant. To be gone. Ouurir, To open. Aperio.  I'ouvre, es, e, ovurons, ovurés, quurent. I open, etc. I'ouvrois. I did open. I'ouvris: R. I opened. I'oy ouvert. I had opened. I'avois ouvert. I will open. I'ouvriray, ovure, qu'il ovure, ovurons, ovurés, qu'ils ovurent. Open thou, let him open, let us open, open ye, let them open. Que i'ouve. That I might open. I'ouvrirois. I should open. I'ouvrisse. That I did open. I'aye ouvert. Seeing I have opened. I'aurois ouvert. I should have opened. I'eusse ouvert, ovurir, avoir ouvert, ovurant.   


Oüir, to hear. Audio.  
I'oy, ois, il oit, oyons, oyés, oyent,  
I'oyois.  
I'oüis: R.  
I'ay oüi.  
I'oyray.  
Oye, qu'il oye, oyons, oyée, qui'ls oyent.  
Que i'oye, oyés, oye, oyons, oyés, qu'ils oyent.  
I'oirois.  
I'oüisse.  
I'aye oüi.  
I'aurois oüi.  
I'auray oüi, oüir, oyant, oüi.   

See Repentir, To Repent.  
je me repens, tu te repens, il se repent, repentons, repentés, qu'ils se repentent.  
je me repentois.  
je me repentis.  
je me suis repenti.  
je m'estois repenti.  
je me repentiray, repent toi, qu'il se repent, repentons nous, repentés vous, qu'ils se repentent.  
Que ie me repent, es, e, repentions, repentiés, repentent.  
je me repentirois.  
je me repentisse.  
je me sois repenti.  
je me susse repenti.  
je me seray repenti, se repentir, s'estre repenti.   

Assaillir. To Assault. Aggredior.  
I'assauls', tu assauls, i'll assault, assaillons, assaillés, assaillent.  
I'assaillois.  
I'assaillis: R.  
I'ay assailli.  
I'auois assailli.  
I'assailliray.  
Assauls', qu'il assaille, assaillons, assaillés, qu'ils assaillent.  
Que i'assaille.  
I'assaillirois.  
I'affaillisse.  
I'aye assailli.  
I'aurois assailli.  
I'eusse assailli.  
I'auray assailli, assaillir, avoir assailli, assaillant.   

Bovillir. To boil. Bullio.  
je bowls, tu bowls, bolt, bovillons, bovillés, bovillent.  
je bovillois.  
je bovillis.  
I'ay bovilli.  
I'avois bovilli.  
je boutllirai, boult, qu'il boville, bovillons, bovillés, qu'ils bovillent, que ie boville, es, e,  
bovillions, bovilliés, bovillent  
je bouïllirois.  
je bouïllisse.  
I'aye bouïlli.  
I'aurois bouïlli.  
J'auray boüïlli, boüïllir, avoir bouïlli, bouïllant.   

Irregular Verbs of the Third Conjugation.  
Pouvoir. To be able. Poffum. 

je Puis, tu peux, il peut, pouvons, povués, peuvent.  
je pouvois.  
je peus,— 3.  
j'ay pû.  
j'avois pû.  
je pourray.  
Que ie puisse.  
je pourrois.  
je peusse,— 3.  
j'aye pû.  
j'aurois pû.  
j'eusse pû.  
j'auray pû.  
Pouvoir.  
Avoir pû.  
Pouvant.  
Pû.    
Vouloir. Volo. To be willing. 

je veux, tu veux, il veut, voulons, voulés, veulent.  
je voulois.  
je voulus,— 3.  
j'ay voulu.  
j'avois voulu.  
je voudray.  
Que ie viieille.  
Vüeillés, e, voulious, vouliés, uüeillent.  
je voudrois.  
je voulusse, sses, voulust, voulusions, iés, ssent.  
j'aye voulu.  
j'aurois voulu.  
j'eusse voulu.  
j'auray voulu.  
Vouloir.  
Avoir voulu.  
Voulant.    
Valoir. To be worth. Valeo. 

je vaulx, tu vaulx, il vanlt, valons, valez, valent.  
je valois.  
je valus,— 3.  
I'ay valu.  
I'avois valu.  
je vaudray.  
Que ie vaille,— 1.  
je vaudrois.  
je valusse,— 3.  
I'aye valu.  
I'aurois valu.  
I'eusse valu.  
I'auray valu.  
Valoir, avoir.  
Valu, valant.  
Valu.    
Voir. To see. Video. 

je voy, tu vois, voit, voyons, voyés, voyent.  
je voyois.  
je veis, tu veis, veit, veismes, veistes, veirent.  
I'ay veu.  
I'avois veu.  
je verray.  
Voy, qu'il voye, voyons, voyez, qu'ils voyent.  
Que ie voye, es, e, voyons, voyés, voyent.  
je verrois.  
je visse,— 2.  
I'aye veu.  
I'aurois veu.  
I'eusse veu.  
I'auray veu.  
Voir, avoir veu.  
Voyant, veu.    
Mouvoir. To Move. Moveo. 

je meus, tu meus, il meut, mouvons, movués, meuvent.  
je mouvois.  
je meus, meus, meut, meusmes, meustes, meurent.  
I'ay meu.  
I'avois meu.  
je movuray.  
Meu, qu'il meuve, mouvons, mouvez, meuvent.  
Que ie meuve, es, e, meuvions, meuviés, meuvent.  
je movurois.  
je meusse,— 3.  
I'aye meu.  
I'aurois meu.  
I'eusse meu.  
I'auray meu.  
Mouvoir.  
Avoir meu.  
Mouvant.  
Meu.    
See Seoir. To sit. Sedeo. 

je me sied, tu te sieds, il se sied, seons, sees, séent, séeois.  
je m'asis,— 2.  
je me suis asis.  
je m'estois asis.  
je me sédray.  
Sied toy, qu'il se séd, sédons nous, séds vous, qu'ils seséent.  
Que ie me see, és, séd, sédoes, sees, séent.  
Séerois.  
je m'asise.  
je me sois asis, etc.  
See seoir, s'estre asis, sèeant asis.    
Pleuvoir. To rain. Pluit. 

Il pleut.  
Il pleuvoit.  
Il pleut.  
Il a pleu.  
Il plevura.  
Qu'il pleuve.  
Il plevuroit.  
Il pleust.  
Il ait pleu.  
Il auroit pleu.  
Il eust pleu.  
Il aura pleu.  
Pleuvoir.  
Avoir pleu.  
Pleuvant.  
Pleu.    
Falloir. To behoove. 

Il faut.  
Il falloit.  
Il fallut.  
Il a fallu.  
Il avoit fallu.  
Il faudra.  
Qu'il faille.  
Il faudroit.  
Il fallust.  
Il ait fallu.  
Il auroit fallu.  
Il eust fallu.  
Falloir.  
Auòir fallu.  
Fallu.     

Irregular Verbs of the fourth Conjugation.  
Escrire. To write. Scribo. 

I'escris, tu escris, escrit, escrivons, és, escrivent.  
I'escrivois.  
I'escrivis: as ravis.  
I'ay escrit.  
I'avois escrit.  
I'escriray.  
Escris, qu'il escrive, escrivons, escriués, escrivent.  
Que i'escrive: as aim.  
I'escrirois.  
I'escrivisse: as ravisse.  
I'aye escrit.  
I'aurois escrit.  
I'eusse escrit.  
I'auray escrit.  
Escrire.  
Avoir escrit.  
Escrivant.  
Escrit.    
Mettre. To put. Pono. 

je mets, tu mets, met, mettons, és, mettent.  
je mettois.  
je mis: as ravis.  
I'ay mis.  
I'avois mis.  
je mettray.  
Mets, qu'il met, mettons, mettès, mettent.  
Que ie met: as aim.  
je metirois.  
je miss: as ravisse.  
I'aye mis.  
I'aurois mis.  
I'eusse mis.  
I'auray mis.  
Mettre.  
Avoir mis.  
Mis.    
Fair. To do. Facio. 

je fay, tu fais, fait, fuisons, faictes, font.  
je faisois.  
je feis: as ravis.  
I'ay faict.  
I'avoes faict.  
je fairay.  
Faith, qu'il fasse, faisons, faictes, fassent.  
Que ie fasse: as, aim.  
je fairois.  
je fisse: as, ravise.  
I'aye faict.  
I'aurois faict.  
I'euse faict.  
I'auray faict.  
Fair, avoir faict, faisant, faict.    
Plaire. To Please. Placeo. 

je plais, tu plais, playst, plaisons, plaisés, plaisent.  
je pleus: as, receus.  
I'ay pleu.  
I'avois pleu.  
je plairay.  
Plais, qu'il plaise, plaisons, plaisés, plaisent.  
Que ie plaise: as, aim.  
je plairois.  
je pleuse: as, receuse.  
I'aye pleu.  
I'aurois pleu.  
I'euse pleu.  
I'auray pleu.  
Plaire.  
Avoir pleu.  
See plaisant.  
Pleu.    
Prendre. To take. 

je prends, tu prends, prend, prnons, prenés, prennent.  
je prenois.  
je pris: as ravis.  
I'ay pris.  
I'avois pris.  
je prendray.  
Prens, qu'il prenne, prenons, prenés, prennent.  
Que ie prenne.  
je prendrois.  
je prise: as, ravise.  
I'aye pris.  
I'avois pris.  
I'euse pris.  
I'auray pris.  
Prendre.  
Avoir pris.  
Prenant.    
Rire. To laugh. Rideo. 

Jery, turis, rit, rions, riés, rient.  
je riois.  
je ris, ris, rit, rismes ristes, rirent.  
I'ay ry.  
I'avois ry.  
je riray.  
Ri, qu'il rye, rions, riès, qu'ils rient.  
Que ie rye: as, aim.  
je rirois.  
je rise: as, ravise.  
I'aye ry.  
I'aurois ry.  
I'euse ry.  
I'auray ry.  
Rire, avoir ry, riant, ry.    
Suiure. To follow. Sequor. 

je suy, tu suis, suit, suions, suiués, suivent.  
je suivois.  
je suivis: as, ravis.  
I'ay suivy.  
I'avois suivy.  
je suiuray.  
Sui, qu'il suive, suivons, suiués, suivent.  
je suiurois.  
je suivise: as, ravise.  
I'aye suivy.  
I'aurois suivy.  
I'euse suivy.  
I'auray suivy.  
Suiure, avoir suivy, suivant, suivy.    
Taire. To be Silent. Tacco. 

je tais, tais, tait, taisons, taisés, taisent.  
je taisois.  
je teus: as receus.  
I'ay teu.  
I'avois teu.  
je tairay.  
Tais, qu'il taise, taisons, taisés, qu'ils taisent.  
je taise: as, i' aim.  
je tairois.  
je teusse: as, receusse.  
I'aye teu.  
I'aurois teu.  
I'eusse teu.  
I'auray teu.  
Taire.  
Avoir teu.  
Taisant.    
Absouldre. To absolve. Absolvo. 

I'absous, tu absous, absout, absolvoux, absolués, absolvent.  
I'absolvois.  
I'absolus: as receus.  
I'ay absoult.  
I'avois absoult.  
I'absoudray.  
Absous, qu'il absolve, absolvons, absolués, absolvent.  
Que i'absolve: as aim.  
I'absoudrois.  
I'absolusse: as receusse.  
I'aye absoult.  
I'aurois absoult.  
I'euse absoult.  
I'auray absoult.  
Absoudre.  
Avoir absoult.    
Viure. To live. Vivo. 

je vy, tu vis, vit, vivons, viués, vivent.  
je vivois.  
je vesquis, & vescus: vesquis, as ravis: vescus, as receus.  
I'ay vescu.  
I'avois vescu.  
je viuray.  
Vi, qu'il vive, vivons, viués, vivent.  
Que ie vive: as aim.  
je viurois.  
je vescuse: as receuse.  
I'aye vescu.  
I'aurois vescu.  
I'auray vescu.  
Viure, avoir vescu, vivant, vescu.    
Lyre. To read. Lego. 

je , tu lis, lit, lisons, lisés, lisent.  
je lisois.  
je leus: as receus.  
I'ay leu.  
javois leu.  
je liray.  
Li, qu'il lise, lisons, lisés, qu'ils lisent.  
je lirois.  
je leuse: as receuse.  
I'aye leu.  
I'aurois leu.  
I'eusse leu.  
I'auray leu.  
Lyre, avoir leu, lisant, leu.    
Naistre. To be born. Nascor. 

je nais, tu nais, naist, naissons, naissés, naissent.  
je naissois.  
je nacquis: as ravis.  
je suis né & nay.  
I'estous nay.  
je naistray.  
Nais, qu'il naisse, naissons, naisés, qu'ils naissent.  
Que ie naisse: as aim.  
je naistrois.  
je nacquisse: as ravisse.  
je svis nay.  
je seray nay.  
Naistre.  
Estre nay.  
Naissant.    
Pondre. To bring forth. Ova pario. 

je ponds, tu ponds, pond, ponnons, ponnés, ponnent.  
je ponnois.  
je ponnus: as receus.  
I'ay ponnu, ve ponds.  
I'avois ponnu.  
je pondray.  
Ponds, qu'il ponne, ponnons, ponnés, ponnent.  
Que ie ponne: as receusse.  
I'aye ponnu.  
I'auray ponnu.  
I'eusse ponnu.  
Pondre.  
Avoir ponnu.    
Dire. To tell. Dico. 

je di, tu dis, dit, disons, dites, disent.  
je disois.  
je dy, tu dis, dit, dimes, distes, dirent.  
I'ay dit.  
I'avois dit.  
je diray.  
Di, qu'il dise, dtsons, dites, disent.  
Que ie dise: as aim.  
je dirois.  
je disse: as ravisse.  
I'aye dit.  
I'aurois dit.  
I'eusse dit.  
I'auray dit.  
Dire, avoir dit, disant, dit.    
Coudre. To sow. 

je couds, tu couds, could, cousons, cousés, cousent.  
je cousois.  
je cousis: as ravis.  
I'ay cousu.  
I'avois cousu.  
je coûdray.  
Couds, qu'il couse, cousons, cousés, qu'ils cousent.  
Que ie couse: as aim.  
je coûdrois.  
je coususse: as receusse.  
I'aye cousu.  
I'aurois cousu.  
I'eusse cousu.  
I'auray cousu.  
Coûdre, avoir coûfu, cousant, cousu.    
Conclurre. To conclude. Concludo. 

je concludes, tu concludes, il conclude, concluons, conclués, concluent, ie concluois.  
je couclus: as ie receus.  
I'ay conclu.  
I'aurois conclu.  
je conclurray.  
Conclus, qu'il concluë, conclüons, conclués, qu'ils concluent.  
Que ie concluë: as i' aim.  
je conclurrois.  
je conclusse.  
I'aye conclu.  
I'aurois conclu.  
I'euse conclu.  
I'auray conclu.  
Conclurre.  
Avoir conclu, concluant.    
Circoncire. To circumcise. 

je circoncis, tu circoncis, it, circoncisons, circoncisés, qu'ils circoncisent.  
je circincisois.  
je circoncis.  
I'ay circoncis.  
I'avois circoncis.  
je circonciray.  
Circonci, qu'il circoncise, circoncisons, es, circoncisent.  
Que ie circoncise: as i' aim.  
je circoncirois.  
je corconcise: as ravise.  
I'ay circoncis.  
I'aurois circoncis.  
I'euse circoncis.  
I'auray circoncis.  
Circoncire.  
Avir circoncis.    
Boire. To drink. Bibo. 

je bois, tu bois, boit, beuvons, bevués, beuvent.  
je beuvois.  
je beus: as receus.  
I'ay beu.  
I'avois beu.  
je boiray.  
Boi, qu'il boive, beuvons, bevués, qu'ils boivent.  
Que ie beuve: as i' aim.  
je boirois.  
je beusse; as receusse.  
I'aye beu.  
I'aurois beu.  
I'auray beu.  
I'eussE beu.  
Boire.  
Avoir beu.  
Bettvant.  
Beu.    
Croire. To beiieve. Credo. 

je croy, tu crois, croit, croyons, croyés, croyent.  
je croyois.  
je creus; as receus.  
I'ay creu.  
I'avois creu.  
je croiray.  
Crois qu'il croye, croyons, croyés, qu'ils croyent.  
je croirois.  
je creusse; as receuse.  
I'aye creu.  
I'aurois creu.  
I'eusse creu.  
I'auray creu.  
Croire.  
Avoir creu, croyant, creu.    
Bruire. To make a great noise. Sterpitum edo. 

je bruis, tu brūis, bruit, bruissons, bruissés, bruissent.  
je bruissois.  
je bruis: as ravis.  
I'ay bruy.  
I'avois bruy.  
je bruiray.  
Brui, qu'il bruise, bruissons, bruisés, qu'ils bruissent.  
Que ie bruisse: as i' aim.  
je bruirois.  
je bruise: as ravise.  
I'aye bruy.  
I'aurois bruy.  
I'euse bruy.  
I'auray bruy.  
Bruire, avoir bruy, bruyant.    
Braire. To bray like an Ass. Rudo. 

je bray, tu brais, brait, brayons, brayés, brayent.  
je brayois.  
je brais.  
I'ay brait.  
I'avois brait.  
je brairay.  
Bray, qu'il bray, brayons, brayés, qu'ils brayent.  
Que ie bray: as aim.  
je brairois.  
je braisse: as ravisse.  
I'aye brait.  
I'aurois brait.  
I'eusse brait, brayant, brait.    
Consire. To Season. 

je consis, tu consis, consit, consissons, consissés, consissent.  
je consissois.  
je consis.  
I'ay consit.  
I'avois consit.  
je consiray.  
Consi, qu'il consisse, consissons, sses, consissent.  
Que ie consisse: as, aim.  
je consirois.  
je consisse: as ravisse.  
I'aye consit.  
I'aurois consit.  
I'auray consit.  
Consire.  
Consissant.  
Consis.    
Clorre. To shut. Claudo. 

je clos, tu clos, clost, fermons, ●s, etc.  
je fermois.  
je fermay.  
I'ay clos.— 3.  
I'avois clos.  
je clorroy.  
Farm, qu'il ferme, fermons, es, ferment.  
Que ie ferme.  
je fermerois.  
je fermasse.  
I'aye clos.  
I'aurais clos.  
I'eusse clos.  
I'auray clos.  
Clorre.  
Avoir clos, fermant, clos.    
Mouldre. To grind. Mulio. 

je moulds, tu moulds, mould, moulons, moulés, meulent.  
je moulois.  
je moulus: as, receus.  
I'ay moulu.  
I'avois moulu.  
je mouldray.  
Meulds, qu'il meule, moulons, moulés, meulent.  
Que ie meule: as aim.  
je mouldrois.  
je moulusse: as receusse.  
I'ay moulu.  
I'aurois moulu.  
I'eusse moulu.  
I'auray moulu.  
Moulant, moulu.    
Recurre. To Deliver. Liberare. 

je recoux, tu recoux, recout, recoüons, recoüés, recoüent.  
je recoüois.  
je recoüis: as ravis.  
I'ay recoux.  
I'avois recoux.  
je recouray.  
Recoux, qu'il recoüe, recóüons, recoüés, qu'ils recoüent.  
Que ie recoüe; as aim.  
je recourrois.  
je recoüisse: as ravisse.  
I'aye recoux.  
I'aurois recoux.  
I'eusse recoux.  
I'auray recoux.  
Recourre, etc.    
Traire is conjugated, as Attraire, to attract. 

I'attrais, tu attrais, attrait, attrayons, és, attrayent.  
I'attrayois.  
I'attrais, tu attrais, attrait, attraïnes, attraïstes, attraïrent.  
I'ay attrait.  
I'avois attrait.  
I'attrairay.  
Attrai, qu'il attraye, attrayons, attrayés, qu'ils attrayent.  
Que i' attraye: as aim.  
I'attrairois.  
I'attraisse; as ravisse.  
I'aye attrait.  
I'aurois attrait.  
I'eusse attrait.  
I'auray attrait.  
Attraire.    
Vaincre. To overcome. Supero. 

je vainquis.  
I'ay vaincu.  
je vaincray.  
je vaincrois.  
je vainquisse, etc.      
Note that the compounds of these verbs are conjugated as their Simples.     


CHAP. I. Of the forming of the Tenses of all Verbs, both Regular, and Irregular  
THe first endeth in er, the second in it, the third in oir, the fourth in re.  
You form the Present Tense, of the first Conjugation, by taking from the infinitive, r: as for example; Parlour, je parle; aimer, aime.  
The Preterimperfect Tense is form from the first person of the Indicative Plural, by turning the last letter save one into i: as, Dançons, dançois.  
The first definite is form from the Infinitive, by turning ere into ay: as from the infinitive souper, is made the definite, je soupay.  
The indefinite is form also from the infinitive, by taking away r, and putting an accent over the é: as, Parlé. The Auxiliary Verb joined with the participle of the preterperfect tense passive is of the same use in French, that it is in other languages, in making up the seven Tenses.  
The future tense is form from the infinitive, by adding ay, as, the ieuner, déieuneray.  
The second person of the Imperative Mood is form from the second person of the indicative, by taking away s: as, poussés, pousse.  
The present tense of the optative mood is the same with the present tense of the indicative, if you but add i in the first and second persons of the plural number: as, for parlons, parlés; you have parlions, parliés.  
The first imperfect tense is form of the future tense of the optative mood, by changing ray into rois: as, danceray, dancerois'.  
The second is form from the second person singular of the definite preterperfect tense, by adding se: as, parlas, parlasse.  
The participle of the present is form of the first person of the plural number, by turning on's into ant: as, aimons, aimant.   

CHAP. II. Of the forming of the Tenses of the second Conjugation.  
THe present tense is form from the infinitive Mood, by turning r into s: as, ravir, je ravis.  
The preterimperfect tense is form from the first person plural, by changing n into i: as, finissons, finissois.  
The definite is made from the infinitive, by changing r into s: as, ravir, je ravis.  
The participle of the preterperfect tense passive, (which joined with the auxiliary Verb, serves to make up the whole seven tenses) is form of the infinitive, by taking away r: as, bastir, basti, or basty.  
The future tense is form of the infinitive, by adding to it ay: as, ravir, raviray.  
The second person of the imperative Mood is form from the second person of the present tense of the indicative Mood, by taking away s: as, bastis, basti, or basty.  
The present tense of the optative Mood is form from the second person of the indicative Mood, and present tense, by adding se: as, bastis, bastisse.  
The first preterimperfect tense is form from the future, by changing ray into rois: as, bastiray, bastirois.  
The second preterimperfect tense is form from the second person singular of the present tense of the indicative Mood, by adding se: as, bastis, bastisse. The present tense of the optative Mood is also, bastisse: but there is this difference betwixt them, that in bastisse of the present tense in the optative Mood the last syllable but one is short, bastisse; but in the second preterimperfect tense it is sounded long, bastisse.  
The participle of the present tense is form from the first person plural of the indicative Mood, by changing on's into ant: as, bastissons, bastissant.   

CHAP. III. Of the forming of the Tenses of the third, and fourth Conjugations.  
THe present tense of the third Conjugation is form of the infinitive, by changing evoir, into ois: as, recevoir, reçois.  
The present tense of the fourth Conjugation is form from the infinitive, by changing re into s: as, vendre, vends.  
The preterimperfect tense of the third Conjugation is form from the first person of the plural Number, by changing ions into ois: as, recevions, recevois; vendions, vendois.  
The preterperfect definite of the third Conjugation is form of the infinitive, by changing evoir into eus: as, concevoir, conceus.  
The definite of the fourth Conjugation is form from the first person plural by changing on's into is: as, rendons, rendis.  
The future tense of the third Conjugation is form from the infinitive, by changing oir into ray: as, devoir, deuray.  
The future tense of the fourth Conjugation is form from the infinitive, by changing re into ray: as, rendre, rendray.  
The imperative is form from the second person singular of the indicative Mood, by taking away s, and turning i into y: as, reçois, reçoy; prend, prends, or pren.  
The present tense optative of the third Conjugation is form from the second person of the indicative Mood, present tense, by taking away s and adding ve: as, reçois, reçoive: and it is conjugated as j'aime.  
The present tense optative of the fourth conjugation is form from the infinitive, by taking away r: as, rendre, rend: & it is likewise conjugated as j'aime.  
The first preterimperfect tense is form from the future, by changing ray into rois: as, receuray, receurois; rendray, rendrois.  
The second preterimperfect tense is form from the definite, by adding se: as, receus, receusse; rendis, rendisse.  
The participle of the present tense is form from the first person plural, by changing on's into ant: as, rendons, rendant; recevons, recevant.  

The Syntaxis.  
THe substantive and adjective (as well in French, as in all other Languages) agree in case, gender, and number: as for example; Homme vertueux, a virtuous Man; Femme vertueuse, a virtuous woman.  
The adjective is commonly placed before the substantive: as, bon soldat, a good Soldier. But adjectives of Colour are put behind it: as for example; Vin blane, white Wine; chapeau noir, a black Hat. So likewise we say, Vin vienx, old Wine; Vin nouveau, new Wine.  
Lastly, if the adjective nouveau, be joined with any thing that is either produced by nature, or contrived by the Art of man, it is put behind the substantive: as for example, prunes nouvelles, new Plums, Horbes nouvelles, new Herbs; Livre nouveau, a new Book.  
The relative agrees with its antecedent in gender and number: as Dieu que j'amé, God whom I love. Que in French is that relative, that the Latins express by quem, quam, quod; and is termed, the suffering Relative. Qui serves for a nominative case to Verbs: as, j'ay un amy qui est bon, I have a Friend who is a good man.  
Every Verb must have its nominative case: which is never to be left out, and understood, as the Latins use; neither is it to be parted from its Verb, except it be in the compound tenses: as, je ne vous ay pas dit cela, I did not tell you that. In all other tenses the pronoun only is put betwixt the nominative case and the Verb: as je vous aime, I love you. You must take heed also that you place not the Verb in the end of a Sentence, as the Latins do, but always in the beginning: and note diligently also, that passion follows action: as j'ame Pierre, I love Peter; you must not say, Pierre j'ame. You must always put the Adverb after the Verb: as, je by, diligemment, I read diligently.  
The first person in Latin is always put before the second; as, Ego & Petrus hoc fecimus: but in French you must say, Pierre & moy nous avons fait cela: you must not say, Pierre il a fait cela; but Pierre a fait cela.  
If two substantives come together, that are of different significations, the latter must be put in the genitive case: as l'Embassadeur du Roy, the King's Ambassador: the English must take heed that they say not as they do in their Language, le Roy Ambassadeur, the King's Ambassador: but they must say, l'Ambassadeur du Roy, the Ambassador of the King.  
This Phrase, j'ay besoin, I have need of, must have a noun substantive of the genitive case after it: as j'ay besoin d'argent, I have need of Money.  
The Verb Attacher requires a dative case; as il est attaché à son opinion, he is wedded to his own opinion.  
Dégoster, will have a genitive: as i'll est degousté des letters, he is a despiser of learning; Il est coupablé de paresse, he is guilty of idleness.  
These adjectives following, conform, semblable, common, survivant, contraire, govern a dative case: as, Il est conforme à la raison, he is conformable to reason: il est semblable à un autre, he is like to another: cela est commun à tous, this is common to all: la vertu est contraire au vice, Virtue is contrary to Vice.     

Certain Anglicsmes, which are to be avoided by the Learner.  
WHat are you doing? You must not render this in French, qu'estes vous en faisant? but thus, que faites vous? so for, I am twenty years old, do not say, je suis vingt ans; but thus, j'ay vingt ans. For, I am twenty, say not, je suis vingt; but i'en ay vingt. For, Bring me my horse, say not, apportés moy mon cheval; but, amenés moy mon cheval. For, put the horses in the coach, do not say, Mettés les chevaux dans le carrosse; but, mettés les chevaux all carosse. For, will you eat your dinner? say not, voulés vous manger vostre disner? but, voules vous disner? For, what is the matter? say not, qui est la mattiere? but, qu'y a-t-il? For, he is my wife's Erother, say not, c'est ma femme cousin; but, c'est le cousin de ma femme. For, what do you take by the month? say not, combien donnès-vous par le mois? but, combien prenès-vous par mois. For, he will come by seven, say not, il viendra par sept heures; but, il viendra à sept heures. For, she shall come upon Monday, say not, elle viendra sur Lundy; but, elle viendra Lundy. For, it is hot, it is cold, say not, il est chaud, il est froid; but, il fait chaud, il fait froid. For, I will go to morrow on horseback, do not say, i'iray demain sur le dos d'un cheval; but, je monteray demain à cheval. For, I will ride the great horse, say not, je monteray le grand cheval; but, i'apprendray à monter à cheval. For, I will learn music, say not, i'apprendray music; but, i'apprendray lafoy music. For, he speaks the French tongue very well, say not, il parle bien la langue Francoise; but, il parle bien François, For, this Doctor is a great scholar, do not say, ce Docteur est bon escholier; but, ce Docteur est fort sçavant. For, have pity upon me, say not, ayés pitié sur moy; but, ayes pitié de moy. For, I have called for you, say not, i'ay appellé pour vous; but, je vous ay appellé. For, hath any body asked for me? say not, personne n'a-t-il-demandé pour moy? but, personne ne m'a-t-il demandé? For, will you stay for me, say not, voulésvous attendre pour moy? but, voulés vous m'attendre? For, have you been long in France? say not, aués vous esté long en France? but, aués vous esté long temps en France? For, how like you France? say not, que vous semble France? but, que vous semble de la France? For, this man is like his Brother, do not say, cét homme ressemble son frere, but, cét homme ressemble á son frere. For, upon no terms, say not, sur nuls terms; but, point du tout. For, is your Master within? say not, est vostre maistre dedans? but, vostre maistre est il icy? For, be is come out of England; say not, il est venu debors l'Angleterre; but, il est venu d' Angleterre. For, he drinketh hard, say not, il boit dur; but, il boit bien. For, he is gone for a Soldier, say not, il est party pour un soldat; but, il est allé á la guerre. For, he hath fought a duel, say not, il a battu un duel; but, il s'est battu en duel. For, this man looketh well, say not, cét homme regarde bien; but, cét homme a bonne mine. For, the Devil take him, say not, le diable prenne luy; but, le diable l'emporte. For, this Minister hath preached a good sermon, say not, ce Ministre a presché un bon sermon; but, a fait un bon sermon. For, you mock me, do not say, vous mockqués moy; but, vous vous mockqués de moy. For, when I have done I will speak to you, say not, quand j'ay fait ie parleray á vous; but, quand i'auray fait, ie parleray à vous. For, what saith the clock, say not, que dit l'horloge? but, quelle heure est il? For, I am dead with hunger, say not, ie suis mort avec faim; but, ie suis mort de faim. For, a chamber hanged with tapestry, say not, une chambre fournie avec tapisserie; but, tendue de tapisserie. For, call for a faggot, say not, appellés pour un faggot; but, demandés un faggot. For, let us go to cards, say not, allons aux carts; but, ioüons aux carts. For, my Frother is returned from the wars, say not, mon frere est retourné de la guerre; but, revenu de la guerre. For, I have a new Book, do not say, i'ay un liver neuf; but, i'ay un liure nouveau. For, make a fire, say not, faites un feu; but, faites du feu. For, he playeth well upon the Lute, do not say, il ioüe bien sur le luth; but, i'll touch bien le luth. For, sweet Madam, say not, douce Madame; but, Ma cheer Dame. For, he drinketh Tobacco, say, il prend du Toubac. For, he remembreth his love unto you, say not, il ressouvient son service à vous; but, il vous fait ses baise-mains. For, I will give you but ten pistols, say not, je vous donneray mais dix pistols; but, je ne vous en donneray que dix pistols. For, call for the account, say not, appellés pour le compte; but, demandés à compter. For, what is to be paid? say not, qu'ya-t'il pour estré payé? but, que vous devons-nous? For, you play the fools, say not, vous ioües les foux; but, vous badinés. For, how do you, say not, comment faites vous? but, comment vous portés vous? For, he is the bravest man in all the World, say not, il est le plus brave homme en tout le monde, but, il est le plus brave homme du monde. For, he followeth his Book, say not, i'll suit son liure; but, i'll estudie à merveille. For, he understands well Philosophy, say not, il entend bien Philosophy; but, il intent bien la Philosophy. For, my horse will beat yours, say not, mon cheval battra le vostre; but, mon cheval court mieux que le vostre. For, doth the fire burn? say not, le feu brusle-til? but, le bois flambe-til? For, my head is soar, say not, ma teste est mal; but, la teste me fait mal.  

Certain Francismes.  
THe French differ in these kinds of speaking following from all other Nations: As for example; Il fait beau temps, il fait mauvais temps, il fait chaud, il fait froid, ily a des hommes, ily va de vos interests, comment vous portés vous? ily avoit. You must take heed that you speak not as the Dutch do, il a dit contre moy, but say, il m'a dit.  
We also use this Auxiliary Verb j'ay, instead of je suis. If we would express these Latin words, sunt homines, we must say, ily a des hommes. Ce sont des amis; that is, ceux dont ie parle sont mes amis. Comment vous va? that is, How goes it with you?    

Phrases sur le commun discours pour le commencement. Phrases upon the common discourse for the beginning. BOn jour Monsieur. GOod morrow Sir. Verbatim, good day Sir. Bon soir Mademoiselle. Good night Mistress. Verbatim, good evening. Adieu Messieurs. Farewell Gentlemen. Verbatim, to God Gentlemen. Comment vous portez vous? How do you? Verbatim, how do you carry yourself? je me porte à vostre service. I am well at your service. Verbatim, I carry myself at your service. Comment se porte Monsieur N? How doth Master N? Verbatim, how doth Master carry himself. Il se porte bien. He is well. Verbatim, he carrieth himself well. Mademoiselle se porte, tell bien? Is Mistress well? Verbatim, Mistress doth she carry herself well? Elle se porte bien. She is well. Verbatim, she carrieth herself well. Quelle heure est il? What saith the clock? Verbatim, what hour it it? je ne sçay. I know not. Verbatim, I not know. Il est une heure, Il est deux heures. It is one of the clock, it is two. Verbatim, it is one hour, it is two. je n'ay pas oüi l'horloge. I have not heard the clock. Donnez moy du pain. Give me some bread. Verbatim, give me of the bread. S'il vous playst; ie vous prie. If it pleaseth you, I pray you. Verbatim, if it you pleaseth, I you pray. Donnez moy un peu de bier. Give me a little of beer. Vous plaist-il de vous seoir? Are you pleased to sit? Verbatim, you pleaseth it to you sit? je suis vostre serviteur. I am your servant. Quelles nouvelles y-a-t-il? What news? Verbatim, what news there hath it? Que dit on de nouveau? What do they say of new? je ne sçay rien de nouveau. I know no news. Verbatim, I know nothing of new. Parlez vous François? Do you speak French? Verbatim, speak you French? je parle un peu. I speak a little. Combien de temps avez vous appris? How long have you learned? Verbatim, how much of time have you learned? I'ay appris une sémaine. I have learned a week. je n'ay appris qu'un mois. I have learned but one month. Verbatim, I have learned then a month. Qui est ce, qui vous monster? Who is that teacheth you? Verbatim, who is this who showeth you? C'est Monsieur. It is Master. Combien luy donnez vous? How much do you give him? je luy donne. I give him. Verbatim, I him give. Qui est la? Who is there? C'est moy, Madame. It is I, Mistress. Avez vous esté en France? Have you been in France? je n'ay jamais esté à Paris. I have never been at Paris. Avez vous veu Oxford? Have you seen Oxford? je ne l'ay jamais veu. I have never seen it. Connoissez vous Monsieur B? Do you know Master B? je ne le connois pas. I do not know him. Connoissez vous Madame T? Do you know my Lady? I'ay l'honneur de la connoistre. I have the honour to know her. je ne la connois pas. I do not know her. je la connois de veüe. I know her by the sight. Verbatim, of view. Mademoiselle parle-t-elle François? Doth Mistress speak French? Elle parle a merveille. She speaketh very well. Vous estesb? en venu. You are welcome. je vous remercie. I thank you. je vous baise les mains. I kiss your hands. Verbatim, I you kiss the hands. je suis bien aise de vous voir. I am very glad to see you. Entrez s'il vous plaift. Come in, if it pleaseth you. je ne sçaurois parler François. I cannot speak French. je ne sçaurois. I cannot. Oüy Monsieur il est uray. Yet Sir it is true. Non Madame il n'est pas uray. (No Madam) it is not true. La langue Françoise est belle. The French tongue is true. I'aime la langue Françoise. I love the French tongue. Il faict froid aujourd'huy. It is cold to day. Verbatim, it maketh cold. Il faict grand chaud. It is very hot. Verbatim, it maketh hot. Avez vous de la Venaison en France? Have you some Venison in France. Verbatim, of the Venison. Comment vous appellez vous? What is your name? Verbatim, how do you call yourself? je m'appelle Pierre. My name is Peter, I call myself Peter. D'ou estes vous? What countryman are you? Verbat. from whence are you? je suis Anglois. I am an Englishman; I am English. De quelle Province? Of what Province? je suis de Suffolk. I am of Suffolk. Ou demeurez vous? Where do you live? Verbat. where do you dwell? je demeure à Londres. I dwell at London. Chez qui? With whom? Verbatim, at whom? Chez Monsieur S. With Master S. Où allez vous? Where are you going? Verbatim, where go you? je vay chez Monsieur S. I go to Master S. Ou est il loge? Where is he lodged? Illoge vis à vis du Lion. He lodgeth over against the Lion. Ou est. ce? Where is it? C'est dans long acre. It is in Long acre. D'ou venez vous? From whence come you? je viens de me promener. I come from walking. Verbatim, I come from to walk myself. je viens de chez moy. I come from my house. Verbatim, I come from me. je viens des champs. I come from the Country. Où est Monsieur? Where is Master? Il n'est pas icy. He is not here. Il est là haut; Il est là bas. He is above, he is below. Il est forty. He is gone out? Monsieur est il forty? Is Master gone out? Il vient de sortir. He went forth but just now. Verbatim, he cometh from to go out. Où est il? Where is he? Où est elle? Where is she? Où sont ils? Where are they? Comment dites vous cela en François? How do you say that in French? Comment appellez vous cela en François? How do you call that in French? je ne sçay ce que vous dites. I do not know what you say. je ne vous entends pass. I do not understand you. je vous entends bien. I understand you well. je commence un peu a parler. I begin to speak a little. M'entendez vous bien? Do you understand me well? je vous entends un peu. I understand you a little. Vous parlez bien. You speak well. Excusez moy. Excuse me. Venez venez. Come come. Venez ça. Come hither. Venez icy. Come here. Vous vous mocquez de moy. You mock me, Verbatim, you mock yourself of me. Où est mon liure? Where is my book? Il est dans ma chambre. It is in my chamber. je ne sçay ou il est. I do not know where it is. je ne sçaurois le treuver. I cannot find it. Verbatim, I could not find it. Sçavez vous vostre leçon? Do you know your lesson? je ne la sçay pas. I do not know it. je n'ay point de memoire. I have no memory. Donnez moy un autre leçon. Give me another lesson. Que vous semble de Londres? What do you think of London. Verbatim, what seemeth you of London? C'est un second Paris. It is a second Paris. C'est une belle ville. It is a fine Town. C'est la plus belle ville du monde. It is the finest Town in the world. C'est une ville tres . It is a Town very rich. Paris est il plus grand que Londres? Is Paris' bigger than London? je n'en sçay rien. I know nothing of it. Que demandez vous? What do you ask? Que faictes vous là? What do you do? Qu'avez vous faict aujourdhuy? What have you done to dayê je n'ay rien faict. I have done nothing. Où avez vous esté à ce matin? Where have you been this morning? I'ay est é à saint Paul. I have been at St. Paul's. A quelle heure disnez vous? What time do you go to dinner? Verbatim, at what hour to you din? Nous disnons à midy. We din by twelve of the clock. A quelle heure vous levez vous? What time do you go to bed? Verbatim, at which hour do you lay yourself? je me leave à sept heures. I rise by seven. Verbatim, at seven. Vous m'obligez Monsieur. You oblige me Sir. C'est assez, ce n'est pas assez. It is enough, it is not enough. Que cherchez vous? What do you look for? Verbatim, what do you search? je cherche mon laquais. I look for my footman. Verbatim, I search my footman. Ne l'avez vous pas veu? Have you not seen him? je ne l'ay jamais veu. I have never seen him. je n'ay jamais esté en Hollande. I have never been in Holland. Estes vous François? Are you a Frenchman? Oüy à vostre service. Yes at your service. Combien de temps avez vous esté en cette ville? How long have you been in this Town? Verbat, how much of time? I'y ay esté deux ans. I have been there two years. Aimez vous l'Angleterre? Do you love England? I'aime les Anglois aussi. I love the English also. Venez de meilleure heure. Come sooner. Verbatim, come of a better hour. Vous venez trop tard. You come too late. je m'en vay sortir. I go forth. Attendez un peu. Stay a little. Attendez moy. Expect me. Faictes moy lire. Make me read. Monstrez moy Monsieur. Show me Sir. Cela est veritable. That is true. Cela est faulx. That is false. Ne croyez pas cela. Do not believe that. je ne le croy pas. I do not believe it. Qu'y-a-til? What is it? Qu'est que c'est? What is that? Combien vous couste cela? How much doth that cost you? Il me couste. It cost me. Où avez vous achepté cela? Where have you bought that? je l'ay achepté. I have bought it. C'est bon marché. 'tis good cheap. C'est un peu cher. It is a little dear. A quelle heure viendray-ie? What time shall I come? Venez à neuf heures. Come by nine. Verbatim, come at nine. je vous attend ray à dix. I will expect you by ten. Verbatim, at ten. Vous serez bien venu. You shall be welcome. Ne manquez pas. Do not fail. je n'y manqueray pas. I will not fail. Quell liure lisez vous? What book do you read? je ly le grand Cyrus. I read the great Cyrus. Prestez moy les lettres de Balsac. Lend me the letters of Balsac. je le veux bien. I will. Vous m'obligerez Monsieur. You shall oblige me Sir. Montez s'il vous playst. Come up if you please. Descendons Messieurs. Go you down Gentlemen. A vostre santé. To your health. A vos inclinations. To your inclinations. je salüe vos graces. I salute your graces. je vous porte la santé de Monsieur. I drink to you Monsieurs heath. je vous fairay raison. I will do you reason. Comment se portent vos amiss? How do your friends? Verbatim, how do your friends carry themselves? Ils se portent fort bien. They are well, they carry themselves well. Monsieur ne se porte pas bien. Master is not well. Verbatim, M. doth not carry himself well. Madame est fort malade. Mistress is very sick. Madame est presque guerie. Mistress is almost cured. Elle se portera bien. She will be well. Verbatim, she shall carry herself well. je me porte bien aujourd'huy. I am well to day. Verbatim, I carry myself well to day. je ne me porte pas bien. I am not well. Verbatim, I do not carry myself well. je suis malade. I am sick. La teste me faict mal. My head acheth. Verbatim, the head maketh me ill. I'ay mal aux dents. I have a pain in my teeth. Verbatim, I have ill to the teeth. je suis un peu enrûme. I have taken cold, I'ay este seigne. I have been let blood. je me fairay tirer du sang. I will be let blood. Verbatim, I will me draw blood. Comment vont vos affairs? How go matters with you? Verbatim, how go your affairs? Tout va bien. All well: all goeth well. Dieu en soit loüé. God be praised. I'en suis ravy. I am glad. Verbat. ravished. je m'en réjoüis. I rejoice at it. Monsieur est il en ville? Is Master in Town? Il est aux champs. He is in the Country. Quand viendra-t-il? When will he come? Il viendra à Noel. He will come at Christmas. Il viendra verse Pasques. He will come towards Easter. Le connoissez vous? Do you know him well? je le connois, il y a long temps. I know him long ago. C'est mon amy. He is my friend. Estes vous empesché? Are you hindered? je ne suis pas empesché. I am not hindered. je suis un peu empéché. I am a little busy. je n'ay rien faict. I have done nothing. Que dites vous? What say you? je dy que je suis vostre Serviteur. I say I am your servant. je suis le vostre M. I am yours. je suis vostre servant. I am you servant F. je suis la vostre F. I am yours F. je suis honteux, je n'oserois. I am ashamed, I dare not. je suis honteuse de parler devant un François. I am ashamed to speak before a French man. Comment prononcez vous cela? How do you pronounce that? Versez un peu de vin. Fill me some wine. Donnez moy un peu de cela. Give me a little of that. Quoy Monsieur? What Sir? Ne m'entendez vous pas? Do you not understand me? Que vous plaist-il? What will you have? Verbat. what you it pleaseth? S'il playst à Dieu. If it pleaseth God. Vous estes la bien venüe F. Your are welcome F. Approchez vous de moy. Come nearer me. I'ay oüi dire que vous faictes fort bien des verse. I have heard that you make verses very well. je vous en assûre. I assure you thereof. Il est tres certain. It is very true. Covurez vous Monsieur. Be covered Sir. Verbat. cover yourself Sir. Hastez vous. Make haste. Verbatim, hast you. Hastons nous. Let us make haste. Verbat. hast we. Voila mon liure. There is my book. Quell jour est il aujourd'huy? What day is it to day? Il est Lundy. It is Monday. Le quantiesme du mois? What day of the Month? Nous avons le dixiesme. We have the tenth. A qui est le liure? Whose book is this? Verbat. to whom is the book? Il est à moy. It is mine. Verbat. it is to me. C'es' le cheval du Comte P. It is the horse of the Earl P. En estes vous assûré? Are you sure of it? I'en suis asseuré. I am sure of it. je n'en suis pas asseuré. I am not sure of it. Qui est ce Gentilhomme là? What Gentleman is that? Verbat. who is that Gentleman? Qui est cette demoiselle là? Who is that Lady or Gentlewoman? La connoissez vous? Do you know her? C'est Mademoiselle de St. It is Mistress of St. D'ou est elle? What country woman is she? Verbatim, from whence is she? Elle est de Norfolx. She is of Norfolk. Monsieur vostre pere se porte-t-il bien? Is your father well? Verbatim, Master your father doth he carry himself well? Quand avez vous veu Monsieur? When have you seen Master? Il y a deux mois, que ie ne l'ay veu. I have not seen him these two months. Verbatim, there hath two months that I have not seen him. Combien de freres avez vous? How many brothers have you? Verbatim, how much of brothers have ye? I'en ay deux. I have two. Combien de soeurs? je n'en ay point. How many sisters? I have none. Mon pere est mort. My father is dead. Vostre pere est il vivant? Is your father living? Où avez vous appris a parler François? Where have you learned to speak French? I'ay appris en cette Ville. I have learned in this Town. Monsieur a-t-il esté en France? Hath Master been in France? Il n'y a jamais esté. He hath never been there. Il a beaucoup voyagé. He hath much traveled. Avez vous faict? Have you done? je n'ay pas encore faict. I have not done yet. I'ay achepté un cheval. I have bought a horse. je suis allé voir mon cousin. I am gone to see my cousin. Mettez cela sur la table. Put that upon the table. Laissez cela. Let that alone. Laissez moy en patience. Let me be quiet. Verbat. leave me in patience. Cét homme vous playst i'll? Doth that man pleaseth you? Il me playst bien. He pleaseth me well. Il ne me playst pass. He do not pleaseth me well. je ne m'en soucie pas. I do not care. Ce m'est tout un. It is all one to me. je n'y sçaurois que fair. I cannot help it. Verbatim, I could not what to do there. Il n'importe. It is no matter. Regardez Monsieur voila un beau cheval. Look Sir there is a gallant horse. Combien vaut il? How much is he worth? Il vaut bien quarante pieces. He is well worth 40. pieces. Il en vaut d'avantage. He is worth more. prenez garde. Take heed. Que dit Monsieur Q? What saith master Q? Il ne dit rien. He saith nothing. Faictes mes baise mains à. Remember me to. Verbatim, make my kiss hands to Master. Le disner est il pressed? Is the dinner ready? Venez disner. Come to dinner. Allons soûper. Let us go to supper. Apprenez vous a dancer? Do you learn to dance? I'apprends lafoy music. I learn Music. je n'apprends plus. I learn no more. je n'ay guere appris. I have learned but a little while. I'ay grand ' faim, soif. I am dry, hunger. Verbatim, I have thirst, I have hunger. je n'ay point d'appetit. I have no stomach. Dites moy vostre nom? Tell me your name? Beuvez, mangez, prenez cela. Drink, eat, take that. Voulez vous du pain? Will you some bread? je n'en veux point. I will none. Donnez m'en s'il vous playst. Give me some if you please. Cherchez mon liure. Look for my book. Verbatim, search my book. Le voila. There it is. je ne le voy pas. I do not see it. Qui estes vous? Who are you? Un de vos amis. One of your friends. Appellez mon valet. Call my servant. Allez me quetir du vin. Go and fetch me some wine. Apportez moy de la bier. Bring me some beer. Envoyez moy querir un pot de vin. Send to fetch me a cup of wine. I'ay envoyé mon Frere en France. I have sent my brother into France. I'ay trevué mon amy. I have found my friend. Tirez la porte après vous. Draw the door after you. Il est tard. It is late. Quelle heure croyez vous qu'il soit? What hour of the clock do you think it is? Il est entre deux & trois. It is between two and three. Il s'en va nuict. It is almost night. Venez de bonne heure. Come in good time. Verbat. come of good hour. Souvenez vous de moy. Remember me. Vous m'avez oublié. You have forgot me. I'ay oublié maleçon. I have forgot my lesson. je n'ay point d'argent. I have no money. Vous, vous estes promené. You have been abroad. Verbatim, you have walked yourself. I'ay demeuré six mois à Paris. I have lived at Paris. Verbat. dwelled. I'ay esté aujourd'huy avec ma soeur. I have been to day with my sister. I'ay parlé à mon amy. I have spoken to my friend. Couchez vous levez vous, habillez vous. Go to bed, rise, and address yourself. Cela est bon, cela n'est pas bon. That is good, that is not good. Quand reviendrez vous? When will you come again? je reviendray dans deux jours. I will come again within two days. Ne m'attendez pas. Do not expect me. Combien y-a-t-il d'icy à Lion? How far is Lions from hence? Verbat. how much hath it from here to Lions? Il y a deux cents lieües. Two hundred leagues. Verb. there hath 200. leagues. Il y en a davantage. There is more. Il n'y a point davantage. There is no more. Quell âge avez vous? How old are you? Verbatim, what age have you? I'ay douze ans. I am twelve. Verbatim, I have twelve years. I'auray quinze ans au mois de Mars. I shall be fifteen in March. Verbatim, I shall have fifteen in the month of March. Quell âge a Monsieur? How old is Master? Verbatim, what âge hath Master? Il a trente ans. He is thirty. Verbat. he hath thirty. C'est un jûne homme. He is a young man. C'est un vieil homme. He is an old man. Ostez cela de la. Take that away. Ostez vous de la. Stand away. Retirez vous, faictes moy cette grace. Withdraw, do me that grace. En quelle ensign? At what sign? A l'enseigne de. At the sign of. La poste est elle atriuée? Is the post come? Avez vous escrit en France? Have you wrote into France? Avez vous receu des letters? Have you received some news? Oüy j'en ay receu. I have received some. Il faict mauvais temps. It is foul weather. Verbatim, it maketh foul weather. Quell temps faict il? What weather is it? Verbatim, what time doth it make? Faict il froid aujourd'huy? Is it cold to day? Verbat. maketh it cold to day? Il neige, il vent, i'll gresle, i'll ton. It snoweth, the wind bloweth hard, it thunders. Il faict chaud. It is hot. Verbatim, it maketh hot. Estes vous bien sçavant? Are you well learned? je ne sçay rien. I know nothing. je n'apprends rien. I learn nothing. je n'apprendray jamais. I shall never learn. je pense que je n'apprendray jamais. I think I shall never learn. I'ay grand ' inclination pour le François. I have a great inclination for the French. je suis trop viell pour apprendre. I am too old for to learn. Comment dites vous? How say you? je n'ay point d'esprit. I have no wit. Vous parlez comme un François. You speak like a Frenchman. C'est bien dit. It is well said. Il est feste aujourd'huy. It is a holiday to day. Dequelle religion estes vous? What religion are you of? je suis Protestant. je suis Catholic. I am a Protestant. I am a Catholic. Dequelle Profession estes vous? Of what Profession are you? je suis maistre de langues. I am a Master of the languages. Dequel mestier estes vous. Of what trade are you? je n'ay point de mestier. I have no trade. Parlez vous Latin? Do you speak Latin? je parle un peu. I speak a little. I'enrends tout le Latin. I understand all the Latin. je parle librement. I speak freely. Sçavez vous expliquer Virgile? Can you interpret Virgil? Oüy & juvenal aussi. Yes and juvenal also. Mertez vous la. Put yourself there. Acheptez moy un de vos liures. Buy me one of your books. De quoy riez vous? For what do you laugh? at what? Comment va l'affaire de M? How goeth masters business? Elle va bien. It goeth well. Avez vous oüi l'horloge? Have you heard the clock? Y-a-t-il long temps que vous estes icy? Have you been here long? Revenez demain. Come again to morrow. je vous attendray aprés demain. I will expect you after to morrow. je vis hier une belle dame. I saw yesterday a fair Lady. Ou la vistes vous? Where did you see her? je la vis en compagnie. I saw her in company. Voulez vous venir au Parc? Will you come to the park? Il n'est pas encore temps. It is not time yet. Madame vous baise les mains. My Lady kisseth your hands. Comment se porte-t-elle. How doth she do? Verbatim, how doth she carry herself? I'ay esté tout le jour en compagnie. I have been all the day in company. Vous ne dites pas uray. You do not say true. je dis la verité. I say the truth. Appellez moy quand vous y irez. Call me when you shall go there. Ne faictes point de bruit. Make no noise. Taisez vous. Hold your peace. Laissez moy passer. Let me go or pass. Cela m'appartient. That doth belong to me. Ou avez vous mis mon liure? Where have you put my book? je l'ay mis fur la table. I have put it upon the table. Pourquoy estes vous si triste? Why are you so sad? Estes vous malade? Are you sick? Vous n'avez pas bon visage. You have not a good visage. Vous estes paste. Your are pale. Vous estes extremément maugre. You are extremely lame. Vous estes tousjours de bon humeur. You are always of good humour. Vous estes gaillard. You are merry. Vous estes en bonne Santé. You are in good health. I'ay dessein d'aller en France. I have a design to go into France. I'ay grand ' envy d'apprendre. I have a great mind to learn. je ne sçaurois prendre de la peine. I cannot take pains. I'ay la teste dure. I am dull. Verbatim, I have the head hard. Avez vous du mouton en France? Have you some mutton in France? Mademoiselle intend elle bien le François? Doth mistress understand well French? Elle entend fort bien. She understandeth well. Donnez nous du beurre. Give us some butter. Nous ne boirons plus de vin d'Espagne. We shall drink no more Spanish wine. Le sel est fort cher en France. Salt is very dear in France. La viande est à bon marché. Meat is very cheap. On donne le vin en France. They give the wine in France for nothing. La France est elle plus belle quel' Angleterre? Is France finer than England? l'Angleterre est un beau païs. England is a brave Country. C'est le meilleur païs du Monde. It is the best Country in the World. Il y a de belles dames. There are handsome Ladies. Il y a de braves hommes. There are brave men. Les Anglois sont vaillants. English men are valiant. Le païs est bon. The Country is good. La terre est tres fertile. The Land is fruitful. Un jour, une sémaine. One day, a week. Un mois, un an, une année. A month, a year. Un âge. An age, a siccle. Lundy, mardy, mécredy, jeudy, vendredy, samedy, dimanche. Monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday, saturday, sunday. Januier, Féurier, Mars, Auril, May, Juin, Juillet, Aoust, Septembre, Octobre, Novembre, Decembre. january, February, March, April, May, june, july, August, September, October, Novemver, December. Un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huict, neuf, dix, onze, douze, treize, quatorze, quinze, seize, dixsept, dixhuict, dixneuf, vingt, vingt & un, trente, quarante, cinquante, soixante, soixante & dix, quatre vingt. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, fourthy, fifty, sixty, sixty and ten, four score. Cent, mille, unmillion. An hundred, a thousand, a million. Cent millions. Hundred millions. L'hyver. The Winter. Le Prin-temps. The Spring. L'Esté. The Summer. L'Automne. The Autumn.  
Phrases sur le commun discourse. Phrases upon the common discourse. Donnez nous du pain. Give us some bread. Dònnez leur à boire. Give them some drink. Ayez un peu de patience. Have a little patience. Dieu vous conduise. God speed you. Donnez moy congé d'aller à. Give me leave to go to. Par vostre permission. By your permission. Avez vous dit à Dieu à Monsieur? Have you said God buy to Master? I'ay dit à Dieu à mon amy. I have said God buy to my friend. Où est-ce que Monsieur est allé? Whither is Master gone? Verbatim, where is it that Master is gone? je ne sçay ou il est allé. I know not where he is gone. Il estoit icy toùt à l'heure. He was here just now. Verbat. all to this hour. Il reviendra incontinent. He will come again presently. je vay me coucher. I go to bed. Verbatim, I go myself to lay down. Il faut que j'aye un liure. I must have a book. Verbat. must that I have a book. Vous avez esté icy une heure. You have been here an hour. Il est une heure sonnée. It is past one. Verbat. it is one hour rung. Comment ditez vous cela en François? How do you say that in French? La paix est fact. The peace is concluded. Verbatim, made. La guerre est declarée. The war is proclaimed. Approchez vous plus prés. Come nearer. I'ay retrovué mon liure. I have found my book again. je ne sçaurois rien fair. I can do nothing. Allez vous à la Ville? Do you go to the Town? je m'y en vay. I go thither. Il faira beau temps. It will be fair weather. Verbatim, it will make fair weather. Allez à la porte. Go to the door. Ne musez guere. Do not stay, Allons boire un coup de vin. Let us go to drink a cup of wine. Qu'entendez vous de Paris? What do you hear from Paris? Verbat. what do you understand of Paris? On dit quele Roy est à Fontaine Bleau. They say the King is at Fontaine Bleau. Le Roy y va souvent. The King goeth there often. C'est un lieu de plaisance. It is a place of recreation. Où avez vous laissé Monsieur? Where have you left Master? je l'ay laissé dans la chambre. I have left him in the chamber. Quand reviendra-t-il? When will he come again? Il ne reviendra pas. He will not return. Il est revenu. He is returned. Avez vous connu cét homme? Have you known that man? I'll lay connu. I have known him. C'estoit un brave homme. He was a brave man. Où voulez vous aller? Whither will you go? je ne sçay pas ou il demeure. I do not know, where he dwelleth. C'est une fille. She is a maid. C'est un homme marié. He is a married man. Est il possible? Is it possible? Il est impossible. It is impossible. Voulez vous m'empescher? Will you hinder me? Ce n'est pas cela. It is not that. I'aime mieux le vin que la bier. I love wine better than beer. je ne sçay comment ils appellent cela. I know not how they call that. Il est tantost huict heures. It is almost eight of the clock. Verbat. it is almost eight hours. I'ay mal au coeur. I am sick at my heart. Verbat. I have ill to the heart. Cela faict mal au coeur. That hurteth the heart. Verb. that doth ill to the heart. Fie laissez cela. Fie, let that alone. Verbatim, let that. Vous gastez mon liure. You spoil my book. je n'ay pas encore soûpé. I have not yet supped. je men vay querir mon liure. I am going to fetch my book. Verbatim, I go to fetch my book. Il faut que I'estudie. I must study. Verbat. it must that I study. Il n'importe. It is no matter. je me repens d'avoir faict cela. I repent to have done that. Verbatim, I repent myself to have done that. R'apportez moy cela. Bring me that again. Monsieur a escrit en France. Master hath written into France. Il m'a payé dix pieces. He hath paid me ten pieces. Cela est drosle. That is pleasant. Cela est déplaisant. That is unpleasing. Cela est admittable. That is wonderful. J'aime la solitude. I love solitude. Baisez moy. Kiss me. Venez à moy. Come to me. Qu'est ce que vous faictes? What do you do? Verbatim, what is that you do? je m'en vay chercher mon liure. I am going to look for my book. Verbatim, I go to search my book. Cela ne me touch point. That doth not concern me. Verbat. touch me. Mon fils s'en est allé. My son is gone away. je vous haïs, je vous aime. I hate you, I love you. Vous vous portez mieux. You are better. Verbat. you carry yourself better. je me porte un peu mieux. I am a little better. Verbatim, I carry myself a little better. On m'a dérobé mon liure. They have stolen my book. I'ay faict fair un habit. I have gotten a suit. Verbat. I have made to make an habit. I'ay rencontré un amy. I have met a friend. Vous m'importunez. You trouble me. Que dit on par la Ville? What do they say by the Town? Vous ne dites rien. You say nothing. Ne vous mettez pas en peine. Do not trouble yourself. Verbatim, do not put yourself in pain. M'avez vous apporte cela? Have you brought me that? je ne sçay ce que vous me dites. I do not know what you say to me. Portez cette lettre à la post. Carry this letter to the post. Avez vous esté à la post? Have you been at the post? Y-a-t-il des lettres pour moy? Are they any letters for me? Verbatim, there hath it any letters for me? La poste n'est pas encore venüe. The post is not come yet. Voila un beau jour. There is a fine day. je n'ay jamais veu un si beau cheval. I have never seen one so fine horse. je vous demand pardon. I crave your pardon. Verbat. I demand your pardon. je partiray demain. I go away to morrow. Monsieur viendra avee moy. Master will come with me. Qui est avec Madame? Who is with my Lady? Il y a deux Gentils hommes. There are two Gentlemen. Verbatim, there hath two Gentlemen. Qui sont ils? Who are they? je ne les connois pas. I do not know them. Y-a-t-il long temps qu'ils sont avec elle? How long have they been with her? Verbat. there hath it long time that they are with her? Il n'y a guere. It is but a little while. I'ay gaigné une piece. I have gotten a piece. Monsieur est il de vostre connoissance? Is Master of your acquaintance? je ne l'ay jamais veu auparavant. I have never seen him before. Vous avez une belle maison. You have a gallant house. Allez ovurir la porte. Go to open the door. Voyez qui est à la porte. See who is at the door. Qui est à la porte? Who is at the door? C'est un homme qui vous demand. There is a man who asks for you. Verbatim, demandeth you. Que me veut il? What will he have with me? Verbat. what to me will he? Demandez luy. Ask him. Demandez luy son nom. Ask him his name. C'est le laquais de Monsieur. 'tis Master's footman. Demandez luy ou est son Maistre. Ask him where is his Master. Faictes le entrer. Bid him to come in. Où est ton Maistre? Where is thy Master? Il est allé à la chasse. He is gone to hunting. Envoyez quelques uns à la porte. Send some body to the door. Il a tué un homme. He hath killed a man. Il a esté tué. He hath been killed. Il a esté blessé. He hath been wounded. Il se meurt. He is a dying. Vous estes tousjours empéché. You are always busy. Vous estudiez tousjours. You study always. Vous estes extremément diligent. You are extremely diligent. je suis tousjours au logis. I am always at home. je sortiray aprés midy. I will go out after dinner. I'ay affaire aujourd'huy. I have business to day. Laissez moy faire cela. Let me do that. Vous ne sçauriez. You cannot. Cela est bien. That is well. Cela n'est pas bien. That is not well. Ne vous ay-ie pas veu à Paris? Have I not seen you at Paris? Monsieur ne me connois pas. Master doth not know me. Il y a long temps que ie vous connois. I have known you this great while Verbatim, there is a long time that I know you. Vous mentez. You lie. Ou vont ces hommes là? Whither go these men? Vous m'avez abbandonné. You have abandoned me. I'iray demain aux champs. I will go to morrow into the Country. L'Ambassadeur faira demain son entrée. The Ambassador will make to morrow his entry. I'ay esté à l'entrée de l'Ambassadeur. I have have been at the en trance of the Ambassador. Demeurez encore un peu. Stay a little more. Avez vous si grand ' haste? Are you so much in haste? Verbatim, have you so great haste? Vous avez tousjours haste. You are always in haste. Verbat. you have always haste. Vous courez tousjours. You run continually. je vay chez Monsieur. I go to Master. je n'y vay plus. I am going there. I'y retourneray demain. I will return to morrow. He bien qu'en dites vous? Well then what do you say of it? Sçavez vous quelque choose? Do you know some thing? je ne suis pas sorty aujourd'huy. I am not gone forth to day. I have not been well to day. Verbatim, I have found myself ill to day. je meurs de chaud. I am very hot. Verbatim, I die of hot. C'est la mode. It is the mode. C'est la vieille mode. It is the old mode. C'est à la Françoise. That is after the French mode. C'est à l'Angloise. That is according to the English mode. A l'Espagnole, à la Portugaise, a la Hollandoise. After the Spaniards, Portugais, and Hollanders fashion. Les François sont changeants. Frenchman are changing. Nous les suivons. We follow them. Nous suivons la mode de France. We follow the French mode. je n'ay rien a fair. I have nothing to do. Ne vous importune-ie pas? Do I not trouble you? Point tout. Not at all. Serez vous empéché aprés disner? Will you be hindered after dinner? Peut-estre, qu'oüy, peut-estre que non. It may be yes, it may be no. C'est mon opinion. It is my opinion. Il faict froid en Dannemarc. It is cold in Denmark. Verbatim, it maketh cold in Denmark. Il faict excessivement chaud en Italy. It is excessively hot in Italy. Verbat. it maketh hot in Italy. Le Soleil est chaud. The Sun is hot. Le Soleil est leué. The Sun is risen. Le Soleil est couché. The Sun is down. Le froid est venu. The cold is come. Les jours sont fort courts. The days are short. Le beau temps est venu. The fair weather is come. Le bon temps est passé. The good time is past. Nous avons bien passé le temps. We have well past the time. I'ay perdu mon temps. I have lost my time. Les jours sont allongez d'une heure. The days are longer by one hour. Le Soleil se couch à six heures. The Sun goeth down by six of the clock. Verbat. layeth himself to six hours. Il a pleu tout le jour. It hath reigned all the day. je n'ay jamais veu un tel temps. I have never seen such weather. Les jours n'ont point d'arrest. The days have no stay. I'ay receu une lettre de luy. I have received a letter from him. On m'a envoyé de l'argent. One hath sent me money. Monsieur ne m'a pas rendu mon argent. Master hath not restored me my money. Quand voulez vous me rendre mon liure? When will you render me my book? I'ay emprunté une piece. I have borrowed a piece. Monsieur m'a presté six pieces. Master hath lent me six pounds. Vous me faictes une grande faveur. You do me a great favour. Accordez moy cette grace. Grant me this grace. Donnez moy à boire. Give me some drink. Quelle heure est-ce qui a sonné? Verbat. What hour is it that the clock hath struck. je m'en vay sortir. I go forth. je ne sçaurois plus boire. I can drink no more. Il est mort & enterré. He is dead and buried. Où est il enterré? Where is he buried? Dans l'Eglise de saint Martin. In saint Martin's Church. Il faict broüillard. It is mixed. Verbatim, it maketh mixed. Le temps est mal said. The weather is unwholesome. Le temps est vain. The weather is heavy. Monsieur m'est venu voir. Master is come to see me. Monsieur m'est il venu voir? Is Master come to see me? On pass bien le temps à Paris. They pass well the time at Paris. Allez voir qui c'est. Go see who it is. Y-avez vous esté? Have you been there. I'iray au prin-temps en France. I will go in the spring into France. Qui est là haut? Who is above? Il n'y a personne. There is no body. Il y a compagnie. There is company. Verbatim, there hath. Y-a-t-il long temps que vous n'avez veu Monsieur? How long is it since you saw Master? Verbatim, there hath it long time that you have not seen Master. Il y a un mois que je ne l'ay veu. I have not seen him this month. Verbatim, there hath a month that I have not seen him. je fus hier avec luy. I was yesterday with him. Il y va de mes interests. I am concerned in the business. Verbat. it there goeth of my Interests. Il y va de vostre Interest. You are concerned in the business. Verbat. it there goeth of your Interests. C'est un maxim d'Estat. It is a maxim of state. C'est un grand politic. He is a great politician. C'est une femme de bien. She is a good woman. Verbat. she is a woman of good. C'est C'est un homme d'esprit. He is a man of wit. C'est un tres brave homme. He is a very brave man, je n'ay jamais veu un plus brave homme. I never saw a gallanter man. Cet homme me playst. That man pleaseth me. I'aime la compagnie de cet homme. I love the company of that man. Il me porte de l'affection. He beareth me affection.  

An Application upon the auxiliary Verbs with the negation and the adverbe of place.  I'ay un bon amy à Londres. I have a good friend at London. Est-ce un Anglois? Is he an English man? Non, c'est un François. No, he is a French man. Pour moy, je n'ay point d'amis en ce païs icy. For my part I have no friends in this country. Avez vous de l'argent en Interest? Have you any money in rent? je n'en ay point. I have none. Avez vous des enfans à Londres? Have you any children at London? I'y en ay trois. I have three. En avez vous à Paris? ie n'y en ay point. Have you any at Paris? I have none there. Le Roy de France a-t-il une belle Armée? Hath the King of France a gallant Army? Il en a une tres puissant. He hath a most powerful one. Le grand Duc de Toscane a-t-il de l'argent. Hath the great Duke of Tuscany some money? Il en a beaucoup. He hath a great deal. Il n'en a point. He hath none. A-t-il des amis à Rome? Hath he friends at Rome? Il n'y en a point. He hath none there. N'avons nous pas de belles Dames en Angleterre? Have we not handsome Ladies in England? Vous en avez des plus belles du monde. You have some of the handsomest of all the world. Avons nous du vin? Have we any wine? Oüy nous en avons. Yes we have some. Avons nous des amis à Madril? Have we any friends at Madril? Nous n'y en avons pas. We have none there. Il y-a cent lieües d'icy à Paris. There is two hundred leagues from Paris. Il n'y-a que soixante milles d'icy à Dovure. There is but threescore miles to Dover. Il y-avoit hire un brave homme avec moy. There was yesterday a brave man with me. Verbatim, there had. Il y-a deux celebres universitez en Angleterre. There are two most famous Universityes in England. Then a-t-il? Is there any? Ily en a. There is some. Il n'y-en a point. There is none. N'y en a-t-il point? Is not there any? Non il n'y en a point. No there is none. je croy qu'il then a. I believe there is some. Il n'y a pas loin d'icy. It is not far from hence. Avez vous des amis? Have you any friends? Vous n'en avez point. You have none. Vous y en avez aussi. You have some there also. Si j'avois un cheval, j'irois à la chasse. If I had a horse, I should go to hunting. je suis tousjours en mon particulier. I am always in my particular. je ne suis pas en bon humeur. I am not in a good humour. Suis-je bien venu? Am I come? Le Prince Rupert est il en Allemagne? Is Prince Rupert in Germany? je ne sçay ou il est. I do not know where he is. Il a este en France. He hath been in France. A-t-il esté en Italy? Hath he been in Italy? Il n'y a jamais esté. He hath never been there. Il m'a monstré un beau liure. He hath showed me a gallant book. Avez vous esté en Allemagne? Have you been in Germany? je n'y-ay jamais esté. I have never been there. I'iray avec vous. I will go with you. je suis extremement las. I am extremely weary M. je suis lass. I am weary F. Nous sommes fort las. We are very weary. Estes vou là? Are you there? Estes vous las? Are you weary? Estes vous content? Are you content? je suis content. I am content. Allez vous encore chez Monsieur? Do you go yet to Master? je n'y vay plus. I go there no more. Il me l'a dit. He hath told me that. je le diray à Monsieur. I will tell to Master. je n'ay pas bien dormy. I have not well slept. je ne sçaurois reposer. I cannot rest. Apprenez moy a parler Anglois. Teach me to speak English. je vous apprendray a parler François. I will teach you to speak French. Vous ne faictes pas bien. You do not well. Il est devenu . He is grown rich. Il est devenu pavure. He is become poor. Comment faictes vous cela? How do you that? Il y a tousjours compagnie chez luy. There is always company at his house. I'ay mangé du poisson. I have eat some fish. I'ay mangé de la viande. I have eat some meat. Parleton bon Anglois à Londres? Do they speak good English at London? Parlent ils bien François à Blois? Do they speak good French at Blois. On y parle à merveille. They speak there very well. On y parle delicatement. They speak there delicately. Ou sont Messieurs vos amis? Where are your friends? Ils ne sont plus en ville. They are gone out of the Town. Verbatim, they not are more in Town. Où sont ils allez? Whither are they gone? Ou sont mes Demoiselles vos soeurs? Where are your sisters? Verbatim, where are my Gentlewomen your sisters? Ma soeur est mariée. My sister is married. Sa soeur se mariera demain. His sister will be married to morrow. Verbatim, his sister will marry herself to morrow.  sont en ville F. They are in Town.  sont allées aux champs. They are gone into the Country. Quand reviendront elles F? When will they return home? je n'en suis pas assûré. I am not sure of it. Monsieur est empéché. Master is hindered. Madame est empeschée. My Lady is busy. Messieurs sont empeschez. The Gentlemen are busied. Mes Dames sont empeschées. The Ladies are busied. Il y aura bal à ce soir chez Monsieur. There will be a ball to night at Masters. Verbatim, there shall have a ball to this evening at Masters. A quelle heure? What time? Verbatim, at which hour? A neuf heures du soir. By nine in the evening. Verbatim, at nine of the evening. je voussouhaitte le bon soir. I wish you good night, good evening. Monsieur vous prie d'attendre. Master prayeth you to stay. Monsieur esti leué? Is Master up? Verbatim, Master is he risen? Il se leve. He is risen. Verbatim, he riseth himself. Il est arriué un accident. There is happened an accident. A qui? To whom? A Monsiéur N. To Master. je vous d'onneray vostre foire. I will give you your fare. Vous m'estonnez. You make me wonder. je connois celuy dont vous parlez. I know him of which you speak. Cette chambre est froide. This chamber is cold. Il faict plus froid aujourdhuy qu' higher. It is more cold to day then yesterday. Il ne faict pas si froid qu' higher. It is not so cold as yesterday. Verbat. it maketh not so cold to day as yesterday. C'est un bon temps. It is good weather. Cela est bon pour la santé. That is good for the health. C'est un beau temps pour la saifon. It is fair weather for the season. C'est un mauvais temps pour la saison. It is an ill weather for the season. Il faict une chaleur excessive. It is extremely hot. Verbatim, it maketh excessively hot. Il a tonné aujourd'huy. It hath thundered to day. Il a faict mauvais temps. It was a very foul weather. Verbatim, it hath made ill weather. Il a pleu toute la nuict. It hath reigned all the night. Il est pleine Lune. It is full Moon. Il est nouvelle Lune. It is new Moon. Il y aura une Eclipse de Soleil le 16 de Mars. It will be an Eclipse of the Sun the 16 of March. Verbatim, there shall be an Eclipse of the Sun. Elle ne sera pas sur nostre Horizon. It will not be seen upon our Horizon. je manque de paroles. I want words. je n'advance point. I do not advance at all. je recule au lieu d'apprendre. I go back in stead of advancing. Aydez moy s'il vous playst. Help me if it pleaseth you. je m'en vay venir. I am a coming. Verbat. I go to come. Donnez moy de la petite monnoye. Give me some small money. Si vous en avez. If you have any? je n'ay point d'argent sur moy. I have no money about me. Verbatim, upon me. je ne porte point d'argent sur moy. I bring no money about me. je n'ay que de l'or. I have nothing but gold. Verbatim, I have not then of the gold. je ne parleray jamais. I shall never speak. Faictes moy expliquer. Make me explain. Que veut dire cela? What is the meaning of that? Verbatim, what will say that? Cela est charmant. That is gallant, charming. Avez vous le grand Cyrus? Have you the great Cyrus. Avez vous veu les entretiens Academiques? Have you seen the University entertainments? C'est une belle femme. She is a handsome woman. C'est un joly garçon. He is a pretty boy. C'est un bon enfant. He is a good child. C'est une femme bien dévote. She is a very Religious woman. Elle est habillée à la Françoise. She is clothed after the French mode. Cet habit est fort bien. That habit is well. Elle a la façon d'une Françoise. She looketh like a French woman. Verbatim, she hath the fashion of a French woman. Elle est fort constant. She is very constant. Il est inconstant. He is inconstant. Quelqu'un est à la porte. Some body is at the door. Neige-til? Doth it snow? Avez vous esté au Sermon? Have you been at the Sermon? I'en viens. I come from thence. Y avez vous veu Monsieur? Have you seen Master there? Il n'y estoit pas. He was not there. je ne l'y ay pas veu. I have not seen him there. Il n'y a pas esté. He hath not been there. Ne l'avez vous pas veu? Have you not seen him? Il estoit sorty quand j'y suis allé. He was gone when I am gone there. Ouurez la fenestre. Open the window. Elle est ouverte. It is opened. I'appelleray mon maistre. I will call my Master. I'envoyeray chez vous. I will send to your house. je vous advertiray. I will send you word of it. je n'ay pas encore faict. I have not done yet. Quand aurez vous faict? When shall you have done En peu de temps. In a little of time. Tout est pressed. All is ready. Apprestez vous. Make you ready. je suis pressed, allons donc. I am ready to come there. Monsieur est il pressed? Is Master ready. Il n'est pas encore pressed. He is not yet ready. Le voyez vous tous les jours? Do you see him every day? je le vois quelques fois. I see him sometime.  
Phrases Françoises. French Phrases. Estes vous François? Are you a French man? Estes vous Anglois? Are you an English man? Estes vous Espagnol? Are you a Spaniard? Estes vous Hollandois? Are you an Hollander? Estes vous Allemand? Are you a Germane? Estes vous Escossois. Are you a Scot? Estes vous Italien? Are you an Italian? Estes vous Françoise F? Are you a French woman? Estes vous Angloise? Are you an English woman? je suis François. I am a French man. je suis Anglois. I am an English man. je ne suis pas François. I am not a French man. je suis des païs bas. I am of the low Countries. Avez vous de belles villes en France? Have you fine towns in France? Avez vous du vin? Have you some wine? Avez vous d'aussi bon mouton que nous? Have you as good mutton as we have? Combien vaut un cheval? How much is a horse worth? Combien vous coúste cela? How much doth that cost? Cela me couste. That cost me. I'en ay payé. I have paid for it. Il ne me couste que 20 solz. It cost me but 20 pence. Ou l'avez vous achepté? Where did you buy it? je l'ay achepté à Londres. I bought it at London. je l'ay achepté à la bource. I bought it upon the exchange. Verbatim, at the. Cela est beau. That is fine. Cela est ravissant. That is ravishing. Vous m'encouragéz. You encourage me. je suis décourage. I am disheartened. je n'apprends rien. I learn nothing at all. Monsieur parle mieux que moy. Master speaketh better than I. je prononce fort mal. I pronounce very ill. Monsieur prononce bien. Master pronounceth very well. I'ay besoin de paroles. I have need of words. je suis ignorant. I am ignorant. C'est une belle chose de voir le païs. It is a fine thing to see the Country. Aués vous disné? Have you dined? Il y a long temps. It is a great while. Combien y a-t-il? How long is it? Il y a deux heures. Two hours ago. Verbatim, it is two hours. Il est environ cinq heures. It is about five of the clock. A quelle heures soupés vous? What time do you sup? Nous soùpons quelques fois à six heures, quelques fois à 7. We sup sometimes by six, sometimes by seven. Nous ne sommes pas reiglez. We do not keep a certain hour. Verbatim, we are not ruled. Nous soûpons d'ordinaire, de bonne heure. We sup ordinarily at a good hour, betimes. Il est encore trop toast. It is yet too soon. Il est trop tard. It is too late. Il est temps de vous en aller. It is time for you to go. je m'en vay. I am going. Donnéz luy du pain. Give him some bread. Donnéz nous du Mouton. Give us some Mutton. Donnez leur a boire. Give them some drink. Donnez m'en. Give me some. je vous en donneray. I will give you some. Ayez un peu de patience. Have a little patience. En avez vous? Have you some? je vous souhaitte le bon soir. I wish you good night. Dieu vous conduise. God speed you well. Avez vous dit à Dieu à Monsieur? Have you taken your leave of Master? Verbatim, have you said God buy to Master? I'ay dit à Dieu à Madame. I have taken my leave of my Lady. Verbatim, I have said God buy to my Lady. Luy avez vous dit à Dieu? Did you bid him God buy? Verbatim, have you told him God buy? je ne luy ay pas dit à Dieu. I have not bid him God buy. I'ay pris congé d'elle. I have taken leave of her? Ou est elle allée? Whither is she gone? Y a-t-il long temps? Is it a long while? Il n'y a qu'une heure. It is but an hour. Verbatim, there hath then an hour. Avez vous pris congé de luy? Have you taken leave of him? L'avez vous veu? Have you seen him? Nous l'avons veu. We have seen him. Nous ne l'avons pas veu. We have not seen him. je vay prendre congé de vous. I will take my leave of you. Verbatim, I go to take my leave. Il est temps de m'en aller. It is time for me to go. je m'en vay vous dire à Dieu. I will bid you God buy. Verbatim, I go say you God buy. Il n'y a si bonne compagnie qui ne se separe. There is no company so good, but must part. Verbatim, there hath not so good company there must part. M'avez vous apporté un liure? Have you brought me a book? Pourquoy ne m'avez vous pas apporté un liure? Why have you not brought me a book? je vous en ay apporté un. I have brought you one. En voila un. There is one. je vous en apporteray un. I will bring you one. En a-t-il apporté? Hath he brought one? Il n'a rien apporté. He hath brought nothing. Il en a apporté. He bringeth one. Portez cela dans ma chambre. Carry that into my chamber. Portez luy cette lettre. Carry him this letter. Luy avez vous porté cela? Have you brought him that? je le luy ay porté. I have brought it to him. Apportez nous une quarte de vin. Bring us a quart of wine. Portez cette lettre à la post. Carry this letter to the post. Avez vous esté à la post? Have you been with the post? je viens de la post. I come from the post. je vais à la post. I go to the post. I'ay receu une lettre par la post. I have received a letter by the post. je vous porteray de l'argent. I will bring you some money. je vous porte de l'affection. I bear you affection. Verbat. I love you. Vous portez vous bien Monsieur? Are you well Sir? Verbatim, you carry yourself well Sir? Dieu soit loüé. God be praised. I'ay porté cent pieces au Marchand. I have brought an hundred pounds to the Merchant. Le froid est venu. The cold is come. Le beau temps est venu. The fair weather is come. Le temps est pass. The time is passed. Les jours sont fort courts. The days are short. Les jours sont accourcis. The days are shortened. Les jours sont allongez d'une heure. The days are increased an hour. Le Soleil se couch à six heures. The Sun goeth down by six. Le Soleil se leve de bon matin. The Sun riseth very early. Il a pleu tout le jour. It hath reigned all the day. Il pleut tous les jours. It raineth every day. Le temps est inconstant. The weather is unconstant. Les jours n'ont point d'arrest. The days have no stay. je reçois des lettres toutes les semaines. I receive letters every week. Il faict broüillard. It is misty. V it maketh misty. Le temps est mal-sain. The weather is unhealthful. Le temps est said. The time is healthful. Le temps est vain. The weather is vain. je vay voir Monsieur. I go to see Master. Monsieur m'est venu voir. Master is come to see me. Monsieur vous est il venu voir? Is Master come to see you? je le suis allé voir. I am gone to see him. Ou l'avés vous veu? Where have you seen him? je l'ay veu chez luy. I have seen him at his house. Nous nous sommes veus. We have seen one another. Vous voyez vous? Do you see one another? Allez voir Monsieur. Go see Master. Il seroit bien aise de vous voir. He would be very glad to see you. L'avez vous veu? Have you seen him? Allons nous en. Let us go away. Allez vous en. Go you away. I'iray au Prin-temps en France. I will go into France in the Spring? Irez vous à Paris? Will you go to Paris? I'y iray s'il playst à Dieu. I will go thither if it pleaseth God. Allez voir à la porte. Go to the door to see. je n'ay veu personne. I have seen no body. I'allay hire chez vous. I did go yesterday to you. je suis allé chez vous. I am gone to you. Estes vous allé voir Monsieur? Are you gone to see Master? I'y suis allé. I am gone thither. je n'y suis pas allé. I am not gone thither. Alléz y. Go thither. je vous prie d'y aller. I pray you to go thither. Il est allé voir son amy. He is gone to see his friend. je ne sçay s'il y est allé. I know not if he is gone thither. Il y est allé. He is gone thither. Il s'en ira demain. He will go away to morrow. Il s'en est allé. He is gone away. Il veut s'en aller. He will go away. Qu'il s'en aille s'il veut. Let him go away if he will. C'est un honneste homme. He is an honest man. C'est une brave femme. She is a brave woman. C'est un homme d'honneur. He is a man of honour. C'est une femme de bien. She is an honest woman. Verb. of good. I'ay escrit une lettre. I have wrote a letter. I'ay receu une lettre de France. I have received a letter out of France. Avez vous receu des letters? Have you received letters? Quand écriréz vous? When will you write? I'écriray demain. I will write to morrow. écriuéz moy un petit mot. Writ me a little word. Auéz vous receu vostre lettre? Have you received your letter? Quand receuréz vous des nouvelles? When shall you receive any news? I'en recéuray aprés demain. I shall receive some after to morrow. Dans un mois. Within a month. Peut-estre demain. It may be to morrow. Sçauéz vous écrire en François? Can you write in French? je ne sçay pas épeller. I cannot spell. je parle par routine. I speak by rote. Elle parle prodigieusement bien. She speaketh prodigiously well. I'ay oüi dire que vous estes marié. I have heard say that you are married. On m'a dit que vous estes brave homme. One hath told me that you are a brave man. On vous connoist bien. One knoweth you well. Vous estes bien connu. You are well known. On m'a parlé de vous. One hath spoken to me of you. Avez vous oüi dire cela? Have you heard of that? je l'ay oüi dire. I have heard of it. Qui est-ce qui vous l'a dit? Who is it that hath told you? Un amy. A friend. Qui est il? Who is he? Vous ne le connoissez pas. You do not know him. Vous le connoissez bien. You know him well. Il vous connoist bien. He knoweth you well. Il ne vous connoist pas. He doth not know you well. Que vous a-t-il dit de moy? What hath he said to you of me? Il m'en a parlé avec respect. He hath spoken thereof to me with respect. Vous mocquez vous? Do you mock? je ne me mocque pas de vous. I do not mock. Verbatim, I do not mock myself of you. Ditez luy que je suis son serviteur. Tell him that I am his servant. Luy avez vous dit? Have you told him? je ne luy ay pas encore dit. I have not yet told him. je n'en ay pas eu l'occasion. I have not had opportunity for it. je luy diray. I will tell him. je luy ay dit mille loüanges de vous. I have told him a thousand praises of you. je vous ay beaucoup d'obligation. I am much obliged to you. Verbat. I you have much of obligation. Nous disons que vous estes obligeant. We say that you are obliging. Vous estes obligeant. You are obliging.  

Premier Dialogue entre un Gentilhomme Anglois & un François.  Monsieur, je vous mendie une grace. Sir, I beg a favour of you. Verbatim, I you beg. je vous sûplie de m'éclaircir d'une choose. I beseech you to clear me of one thing. je vous prie de m'oster d'un doûte. I pray you to take me off a doubt. je vous prie de me dire une choose. I pray you to tell me one thing. je vous prie dites moy une choose. I pray you tell me one thing. Que vous playst il me commander? What are you pleased to command me? Que desirez vous de vostre serviteur? What do you desire of your servant? Vous pouvez me commander. You may command me. Vous puis-je rendre quelque office? Can I render you any office or duty? Honoréz moy de vos order. Honour me with your orders. Verbatim, of your orders. Prescrivez moy ce qu'il vous plaira. Command me what you please. Verbatim, what it will you please. Est-ce quelque chose qui dépende de moy? Is it any thing that dependeth of me? Me jugez vous capable de vous rendre service? Do you judge me capable to render you service? Vous pouvez disposer de moy. You may dispose of me. je vous suis tout acquis. I am wholly your servant. Verbatim, I you am all acquired. Vous vous pouvez vanter de vostre amy. You may vaunt yourself of your friend. Nay je pas eu l'honneur de vous voir à Paris? Have I not had the honour to see you in Paris? C'est moy qui l'ay receu. It is I that have received it. Il me semble vous y avoir veu. I believe I have seen you there. Verbatim, it me seemeth you there to have seen. Il est uray Monsieur. It is true Sir. je m'en souviens bien. I remember it well. I'eus l'nonneur de vous y voir l'année passée. I had the honour to see you there last year. Ou avez vous laissé ce Gentilhomme qui estoit avec vous? Where have you left that Gentleman who was with you? je l'ay laissé à Paris. I have left him at Paris. Avez vous quelques habitudes à Londres? Have you acquaintance in London? Voulez vous voir les compagnies? Will you see the companies? je vous donneray des habitudes. I will help you to acquaintance. je vous introduiray dans les compagnies. I will introduce you into the companies. Si vous me faictes cette grace, vous m'obligerez infiniement. If you do me that favour, you shall oblige me infinitely. je vous seray estroittement engagé. I shall be extremely engaged to you. je tâcheray de répondre à vos civilitez. I will endeavour to answer your civilities. I'épieray l'occasion de vous en reconnoistre. I shall spy the occasion to acknowledge you therefore. Si le temps m'en ovure les moyens. If time open to me the means of it. Anew Phrase. Avez vous practiqué Monsieur B? Have you practised Master B? A new Phrase. je le vois fort souvent. I see him very often. Nous nous voyons tous les jours. We see one another every day. Verbat. we us see. Nous estions encore hier ensemble. We were yesterday together. Il est fort bien venu dans les compagnies. He is welcome into the companies. Il est fort consideré en cette ville. He is much considered in this Town. I'll frequent les meilleures compagnies de Londres. He keeps the best company in London. I'll intend son monde. He understandeth himself. Verbatim, he understandeth his world. Il parle tres delicatement. He speaketh most delicately. Il n'ignore de rien. He knoweth nothing. Verbat. he doth not ignore of nothing. Il est universel. He is universal. Il a l'esprit fort. He hath a strong wit. C'est une bonne cervelle. It is a good brain. Sa conversation est douce & agreeable, His conversation is sweet & agreeable. On ne s'ennuye pas en sa compagnie. One cannot be weary of his company. Verbatim, in his company. Il est de la meilleure compagnie du monde. He is the best company in the world. A-t-il du bien? Hath he good means? Verbatim, hath he some good? Est il ? Is he rich? Est il de bonne maison? Is he of a good family? Verb. of a good house. De quelle famille est il? Of what family is he? Est-ce un Comte? Is he an Earl? Est-ce un Chevalier? Is he a Knight? Et ce-un Anglois? Is he an Englishman? C'est un Seigneur tres . He is a Lord very rich. Il a bien du bien. Il est bien . He hath great means. Verbat. he hath much of good. Il est bien né, bien accomply, bien civil, de bon humeur, bien accostable. He is well born, very civil, of a good humour, very affable. Fort aimé parmy les Dames. Well beloved amongst the Ladies. Tout le monde a bonne impression de luy. Every one hath a good conceit of him. Verbatim, all the world hath good impression of him. Avez vous quelque accez auprés de Monsieur A? Have you some entry with M? Verbatim, have you some access near M? I'ay eu le bien de luy faire la réverence. I have had the honour to kiss his hands. Verbatim, I have had the good to him make the reverence or courtesy. Combien y-a-t-il? How long is it since? Verbat. how long hath it? Il n'y a que deux jours. But two days. Verbat. there hath then two days. Il y aura un bal à ce soir. There will be a ball to night. Verbatim, there shall have a ball. je ne sçaurois dancer. I cannot dance. je ne sçaurois entendre. I cannot understand. Vous verrez nos Dames. You shall see our Ladies. Vous y serez bien venu. You shall be welcome there. je connois celuy qui le donne. I know him that giveth it. Les Dames seront bien aise de vous y voir. The Ladies will be glad to see you. I'ay oublié a dancer. I have forgot to dance. je n'ay jamais appris que six mois. I have never learned, but six months. Monsieur, je ne puis pas y aller. Sir, I cannot go thither. Voila un Gentil-homme François. There is a French Gentleman. Il a bonne façon. He looketh well. Verbatim, he hath good fashion. Il dance nettement. He danceth neatly. Monsieur, vostre serviteur. Sir your servant. He bien que dites vous de nos Dames Angloises? Well Sir, what do you say of our English Ladies? Monsieur, ce sont des Anges. Sir, they are Angels. Il faudroit emprunter des bouches d'Anges pour les vaunter. It would be needful to borrow the mouths of Angels to commend them,  font rougir & les Françoises & toutes celles de toutes les autres nations. They make to blush both the French women & all those of other nations. On les doit traicter de la plus rare beauté. They ought to be traicted of the rarest beauty.  A new Phrase. On ne peut leur en oster la préference. None can take off from them the preference.  éclipsent celles quisont les plus vantées. They eclipse those that are the most cried up.  ont le corps bien faict. They have the body well made. La modesty dépeinte sur leurs visages. The modesty drawn upon their visages.  ne sont pas coquétes. They are not coquetes. A coquet is a proud vain woman that goeth beyond her power. Vous avez de l'inclination pour les Angloises. You have some inclination for the English women. Nous vous sommes fort obligez. We are much obliged to you. Où avez vous appris a parler Anglois? Where have you learned to speak English? Monsieur, j'apprends de moy mesme. Sir, I learned it of myself. je n'ay point de maistre. I have no Master. je n'ay que faire de Maistre. I have no need of a Masts. Verbatim, I have not what to do of a Master. Vous ne pouvez pas apprendre sans Maistre. You cannot learn without a Master. Il est impossible. It is impossible. Vous n'apprendrez jamais par routine. You shall never learn by rote. je ne m'en soucie pas beaucoup. I care not much. I'apprendray avec le temps. I shall learn in time. Il faut avoir patience. I must have patience. Si je ne puis apprendre en un mois, j'apprendray en deux. If I cannot learn in one month, I will learn in two. Que vous semble de'nostre langue? What do you think of our tongue? C'est une belle langue. It is a fine tongue. Fort copieuse. Very copious. Les estrangers n'en font point d'estat. Strangers do not esteem it. Pardonnez moy, plûsieurs l'aprennent en France. Pardon me, many learn it in France. Avez vous quelques uns à Londres qui parlent bon François? Have you any body in London that speaks good French? je connois un Gentil-homme nommé Monsieur, etc. qui parle à merveille. I know one Gentleman called Master, etc. who speaketh very well. Nous avons aussi une Dame qui demeure à C, qui parle delicatement. We have also a Lady who dwelleth at C. who speaketh delicately. I'ay veu une Comtesse à la Cour de France qu'on prenoit pour une Françoise. I have seen a Countess in the Court of France that was taken for a French woman. I'ay oüi dire qu'il est impossible a un Anglois de parler bien François. I have heard, that it is impossible for an English man to speak good French. Verbatim, I have heard to say. Pardonnez moy, j'en connois quelques uns qui parlent bien. Pardon me, I know some that speak well. Peut on apprendre en Angleterre? Can one learn in England? Pourquoy non? Why not? Tres bien, si on a un bon Maistre. Very well, if one hath a good Master. I'ay une soeur, qui a appris deux ans, qui nè sçauroit parler. I have a cousin who hath learned two years, that cannot speak. je connois une Dame, qui n'a appris que six mois, qui parle fort nettement. I know a Lady who hath learned but six months, who speaketh neatly. C'est une fille d'esprit. She is a maid of wit. Ma soeur n'a point d'esprit. My cousin hath not wit. Madame B. n'est elle pas rarement belle? Is not my Lady B. extremely handsome? C'est une merveille. She is a marvel. Monsieur C. dance-t-il bien? Doth Master C. dance well? Il s'en escrime bien. He doth it well. Verbatim, he defendeth himself well of it. Vous avez l'accent . You have the accent . Vous pouvez passer pour François. You may pass for a French man. Vous observez nettement la quantité. You observe neatly the quantity. Vous possedez bien la phrase. You possess well the phrase. Il n'y a personne qui parle mieux que vous. There is no body who can speak better than you. Vous parlez mieux que quantité de François. You speak better than a great many French men. je voudrois parler aussi bon Anglois que vous parlez François. I would speak as good English as you speak French. je n'ay jamais veu Anglois parler mieux que vous. I have never seen an English man speak better than you. Vous sçavez railler de bonne grace. You can jeer with a good grace. épargnez vostre serviteur. Spare your servant. je connois mon insuffisance. I know my insufficiency. Bon soir Monsieur. Good evening Sir. je vous souhaitte le bon soir. I wish you a good evening. je suis à vostre service. I am at your service. je vous ay mille obligations. I am a thousand times obliged to you. Verbatim, I have to you a thousand obligations. je suis vaincu de vos civilitez. I am vanquished with your civilityes. je-ne pourray jamais vous en reconnoistre assez dignement. I shall never be able to acknowledge you worthily for it. Monsieur, vous voyez mon importunité. Sir, you see my importunity. je crains de vous divertir de vos hautes occupations. I fear to take you off of your high occupations. je vous prie de croire que j'honore vostre compagnie. I pray you to believe that I do honour your company. I'estime les moments tres heureux que j'employe avec vous. I do esteem the moments very happy that I spent with you. I'apprends tousjours avec vous. I learn always with you. Il n'y a rien a perdre avec vous. There is nothing to be lost with you. je vous apprendray de funestes nouvelles. I will learn you some sad news. je suis marri de vous entretenir de cette fatalité. I am sorry to entertain you with that fatality. A new Phrase. Madame K. est morte. Mistress K. is dead. C'estoit une Dame tres vertüeuse. She was a Lady very virtuous. C'est grand damage. It is a great loss. C'est oit l'honneur de son temps. She was the honour of her time. C'est une grande disgrace pour sa famille. It is a great misfortune for her family. Elle est infiniement regrettée. She is infinitely bewailed. Il faut donner des larmes à ce mal-heur. We must give tears to that ill fortune. On ne sçauroit essuyer cét infortune. None can suffer that ill fortune. Depuis quand est elle morte? Since what time is she dead? Elle mourut la sémaine passée. She died last week. Ou est elle enterrée? Where is she buried? Elle est enterrée à Wesm. She is buried at Westminster. A-t-on embaûmé son corpse? Have they enbalmed her body? C'est la mode parmy les persounes de condition. It is the mode among persons of quality. Ce n'est plus la mode. It is no more the mode. La mode en est passée. The mode is out. Et moy je vous diray ce que j'ay appris. And I will tell you what I have learned. Monsieur, vous m'obligerez. Sir, you shall oblige me. On dit que le Roy de France se va marier. They say that the King of France is going to be married. Verbatim, one saith that the King of France goeth to himself marry. A qui, je vous prie? To whom, I pray. Est-ce à l'Infante d'Espagne? Is it with the Infante of Spain? je ne le pense pas. I do not think it. Ce n'est pas l'interest d'Espagne. It is not the interest of Spain. C'est peut-estre à la Princesse de Portugal. It is it may be with the Princess of Portugal. On en a parlé, mais on n'en parle plus. They have spoken of it, but they do speak no more of it. Le Roy de Portugal n'a til pas un Ambassadeur à Paris? Hath not the King of Portugal an Ambassador at Paris? Oüy, mais c'est pour d'autres affairs. Yes, but it is for some other business. A qui sera-ce done? To whom then? Sera-ce à la fille du Duc d'Orleans? Will it be with the daughter of the Duke of Orleans? A laquelle? To which? Mademoiselle est trop âgée pour luy. Mademoiselle is too old for him. Ce sera peut-estre à celle du second lict. It will be, it may be, with this of the second bed. Est elle belle? Is she handsome? Comme un Ange. As an Angel. Vous dites que vous n'avez point de belles Dames en France. You say that you have no handsome Ladies in France. Non pas generalement, mais nous en avons pourtant de tres belles. Not generally, but we have some nevertheless very handsome. N'est-ce pas à la fille du Duc de Lorraine? Is it not with the daughter of the Duke of Lorraine? On le dit. They say so. Cela pourrabien estre. That may be. Le Roy de France est-il bien faict? Is the King of France well made? M. c'est un des plus beaux Princes de l'Europe. He is one of the handsomest Princes of Europe. Quell âge a-t-il? How old is he? what age hath it? Il a environ dix septans. He is about seventeen. Verbatim, he hath about 17. Il a dix sept ans passez. He passeth 17. Verbat. he hath seventeen year passed. Monte-t-il bien à cheval? Doth he ride well the great horse? Il-y-monte aussi bien, qu'aucun Prince qui soit sous le Ciel. He rideth as well as any Prince that can be under the Heaven. A-t-il bonne façon? Doth he look well? Verbatim, hath he good fashion? Extremément bonne. Extremely good. Aime-t-il la chasse? Doth he love hunting? Il y est infatigable. He can never be weary of it. Il a esté tres heureux en toutes ses entreprises? He hath been very happy in all his undertake. Parle-t-il Anglois? Doth he speak English? je n'en ay pas oüi parler. I have not heard it. Que vous semble du Duc d'Anjou? How do you like the Duke of Anjou? C'est un brave Prince. He is a gallant Prince. Il promet beaucoup. He promiseth much. C'est un Prince de grande esperance. He is a Prince of great hope. Il a l'esprit bon. He hath a good wit. Que dit on de la paix generale? What do they say of the general peace? Où est le rendés vous? Where is the rendezvous? On n'en est pas assuré encore. They are not yet sure of it. Qui a esté le premier Roy de France? Who was the first King of France? C'a esté Pharamont. It was Pharamont. Estoit il François? Was he a French man? Oüy il estoit. Yes he was. Estoit-ce un brave Prince? Was he a brave Prince? Il estoit grand Capitaine. He was a great Captain. Combien y a-t-il qu'il est mort? How long is it that he is dead? Verbatim, how much hath it? Il y-a mille, cent, quatre vingts ans. It is one thousand one hundred and four score years. Verb. four twenty years. Estoit il Chrestien? Was he a Christian? Non Monsieur, il estoit pay. No Sir, he was a Pagan. Combien reigna-t-il? How long did he reign? Environ dix neuf ans. About nineteen years. Que fit il de plus remarkable? What did he most remarkable? Il fit la loy salique. He made the salique Law. Qu'entendez vous par là? What do you mean by that? Verbat. understand. C'et une loy par laquelle les femmes ne succedent pas à la Couronne. It is a Law by the which the women do not succeed to the Crown. Monsieur de Vendôme est il Prince du sang? Is Monsieur of Vendôme a Prince of the blood? Est il fils naturel de Henry 4? Is he a Son natural to Henry the 4? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Qui estoit sa mere? Who was his mother? C'estoit une brave Princess. It was a brave Princess. Comment avoit-elle nom? What was her name? Verbat. how had she name? Elle s'appelloit Madame Gabrielle. She did call herself Madam Gabriel. Estoit elle de condition? Was she of good condition? Elle estoit Duchesse de Beauford. She was Duchess of Beauford. On dit que le Roy la vouloit épouser. They say that the King would marry her. Il est uray, mais elle mourut. It is true, but she died. Estoit elle belle? Was she handsome? La plus belle de France. The handsomest in France. Verbat. of France. Ou est elle enterrée? Where is she buried? Elle est enterrée à Vendôme. She is buried at Vendome. Ou est Vendôme? Where is Vendome? Il est à six lieües de Blois. It is six leagues beyond Blois. Le Duc y tient il sa Cour? Doth the Duke keep his Court there? Verbat. holdeth. Quelque fois. Sometimes. Le plus souvent. For the most part. Verbat. the most often. Combien a-t-il d'enfants? How many children hath he? Il en a trois. He hath three. Comment les appellez vous? How do you call them? L'aisné est appellé Duc de Mercoeur. The elder is called the Duke of Mercoeur. Comment se nomme le cadet? What is the youngest named? Verbatim, how himself call the younger? Il s'appelle Duc de Beauford. He calleth himself Duke of Beauford. Et sa fille Madame de Némours. And his daughter Madam de Nemours. Monsieur de Beauford a-t-il faict sa paix? Hath Monsieur of Beauford made his peace? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Est il en Cour? Is he in the Court? Non, il est le plus souvent avec son Altesse . No, he is most commonly with his Royal Highness. Où? Where? à Blois. At Blois. C'est le grand amy des Parisiens. He was the great friend of the Parisians. Il fit des merveilles à la guerre de Paris. He did marvels in the wars of Paris. Monsieur de Mercoeur a épousé la niéce du Cardinal. Monsieur Mercoeur hath married the Cardinal's niece. Monsieur le Duc de Nemours fut tué il y a deux ans. Monsieur the Duke of Nemours was killed two years ago. Qui est-ce qui l'a tué? Who was is hath killed him? Son beau frere. It was his brother in Law. Verbatim, his fine brother. Ils estoyent si bons amis. They were so good friends. Pour quel sujet? For what matter? Pour une petite controversy. For a small jealousy. N'estoyent ils pas tous deux pour le Duc d'Orleans? Were they not both for the Duke of Orleans? Ils tenoyent le party de Monsieur le Prince. They did hold the party of Monsieur the Prince. Madame de Nemours est elle remariée? Is my Lady of Nemours married again? Nenny encore. Not yet. je croy qu'elle est fort triste. I believe she is very sad. D'ou estoit sorty le Duc de Nemours? Of what family was the Duke of Nemours? De la Maison de Savoye. Of the House of Savoy. Monsieur de Vendôme n'a-t-il point d'autres enfants que ces trois là? Hath not Monsieur de Vendome other children than these three? Non Monsieur. No Sir. Est il à cette heure en grace? Is he now in favour? Est il bien venu à la Cour? Is he welcome at Court? Le Cardinal le voit il de bon oeil? Doth the Cardinal look well upon him. Est il bien auprés du Roy? Is he well with the King? V near the King. N'est-ce pas luy qui de●●uroit à Londres? Is it not he that lived at London? Quell âge a-t-il? How old is he? Verbat. what age hath he? Il a deja de l'âge. He is old already. Verbat. he hath age already. je me souviens de l'avoir veu en Italy. I remember I have seen him in Italy. Qui a esté vostre second Roy? Clodion. Who was your second King? Estoit il fils de Pharamont? Was he son to Pharamont? of Pharamont? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Clodion deffit les Allemands. Clodion routed the Germans. Il reigna heureusement. He did reign happily. C'estoit un Prince de courage. He was a Prince of courage. Dequelle religion estoit il? Of what religion was he? Il estoit de la religion de son pere. He was of the religion of his father. Il gaigna de grandes victoires. He did get great victories. Il perdit une bataille. He lost a battle. Etius' Lieutenant des Romains le battit une fois. Etius' Lieutenant of the Romans did beat him once. Où est maintenant son Altesse ? Where is now his Royal Highness? Il faict son sé jour à Blois. He maketh his stay at Blois. Il s'est retiré à Blois. He hath retired himself to Blois? Yet il quelque refroidissement entre le Roy & luy? Is there any discontent between the King and him? N'est il pas reconsilié avec le Roy? Is he not reconciled to the King? Est-ce l'oncle du Roy? Is he the King's uncle? Est-ce un bon Prince? Is he a good Prince? C'est le meilleur Prince du Monde. He is the best Prince in all the World. Est il marié? Is he married? Y-a-t-il long temps qu'il est marié? How long is it since he was married? Verbatim, there hath it long time that he is married? Combien a-t-il eu de femmes? How many wives hath he had? Il en a cu deux. He hath had two. Dequelle maison estoit la premiere? Of what house was the first? Elle estoit de la maison de Montpensier. She was of the house of Montpensier. Mademoiselle d'Orleans est elle du premier lict? Is mademoiselle d'Orleans of the first bed? Est-ce sa fille aisnée? Is she his eldest daughter? Elle est extremément . She is extremely rich. Elle a de grands moyens. She hath great means. C'est une Princesse de grand coeur. She is a Princess of great heart. Elle est aussi riche que son pere. She is as rich as her father. Verbatim, also rich then her father. Elle a le pouvoir de faire battre monnoye. She hath the power to coin money. Elle est de bon humeur. She is of a good humour. Elle est trop riche pour aucun Prince François. She is too rich for any French Prince. L'Archiduc Leopold l'aime. The Archduke Leopold loveth her. Est elle l'unique du premier lict? Is she the only daughter of the first bed? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. De quelle famille est est sa seconde femme? Of what family is his second wife? Elle est de la maison de Lorraine. She is of the house of Lorraine. Où est-ce que le Duc d'Orleans l'épousa? Where is it that the Duke of Orleans married her? Il épousa à Brusselle. He married her at Brussels. Estoit ce contre le consentement du Roy? Was it against the King's consent? Oüy. Yes. Quand le Cardinal fut mort, le Roy la fit venir. When the Cardinal was dead the King did send for her. Verb. made her come. Combien d'enfants a-t-elle eu? How many children hath she had? Elle en a cu trois, & est grosse du quatriême? She hath had three, and she is big with the 4. Verb. of. Combien a-t-il de filles du second lict? How many daughters hath he of the second bed? Il en a deux, une, qu'on parle de marier au Roy, qui est l'aisnee. He hath one that is said to be for the King. Verbatim, he hath one that is spoken to marry to the King, who is the elder. N'a-t-il point eu de fils? Hath he had no sons? Il en a eu un, mais il est mort. He hath had one, but he is dead. Est-ce à luy le Chasteau de Chambourg? Is Chambourg Castle his own? Verbatim, is it to him the Castle of Chambourg? Oüy Monsieur, mais s'il meurt sans fils, il retournera à la Couronne. Yes Sir, but if he dieth without a son, it shall return to the Crown. Qui est-ce qui a faict bastir ce Chasteau là? Who builded that Castle? Verbatim, who hath made build that Castle there? Ce fut François premier. It was Francis the first. Est il bien grand? Is it very great? C'est le plus grand de l'Europe. It is the greatest in Europe. Quell âge a Madame la Duchess? How old is my Lady Duchess? Elle a environ trente cinq ans. She is about 35. Le Duc l'aime-t-il? Doth the Duke love her? Il aime beaucoup. He loveth her much. C'est une belle Princess. She is a fine Princess. C'est une vertüeuse Princess. She is a virtuous Princess. Qui est la plus belle des deux Princesses? Which is the handsomest of them both? C'est l'aisnée. It is the eldest. Elle est fort belle. She is very handsome. Elle parle delicatement. She speaketh delicately. Mademoiselle d'Orleans est elle avec son pere? Is Mademoiselle d'Orleans with her father? Demeure-t-elle avec son pere? Doth she live with her father? On dit qu'il retournera en Cour. They say that he will return to Court. Le Cardinal faira son possible pour le faire revenir. The Cardinal will do all what he can to make him return. Y-a-t-il long temps que le Cardinal est en France? How long is since that the Cardinal is in France? Verbatim, how much of time hath it that the Cardinal is. Il y a bien dix huict ans. He hath been near 18. Verb. he hath well there been. D'ou est il? What countryman is he? Verbat. from whence is he? Il est Italien. He is an Italian. Est il jûne? Is he young? Il a environ cinquante ans. He is about 50. Est il bien auprés du Roy. Is he well with the King? Il est fort bien venu à la Cour. He is welcome at Court. A-t-il de l'esprit? Hath he any wit? Il en a assez. He hath enough. Est il Politic? Is he a Politician? Il suit les maximes du Cardinal Richelieu. He followeth the maxims of Cardinal Richelieu. C'est la creature du Cardinal Richelieu. He is the creature of the Cardinal Richelieu. Mérouée n'a-t-il pas esté le troisiésme de vos Roys? Was not Merouée the 3. of your Kings? A-t-il faict quelque belle action? Hath he done any fine action? Il joignit ses forces avec Etius, & défit le Roy des Gets. He joined his forces with Etius, and routed the King of the Goths. Chilperic ne fut il pas chassé? Was not Chilperic turned away? Pourquoy fut il chassé? Why was he turned away? Par ce qu'il n'estoit pas aimé de son peuple. Because he was not beloved of his people. Estoit il de mauvaise vie? Was he of a bad life? Il estoit un peu débauché. He was a little deboist. Gillon fut éleu en sa place. Gillon was chosen in his place. Chilperic fut rappellé. Chilperic was recalled. Qui a esté le cinquiéme de vos Roys? Who was the 5. of your Kings? Clovis fut le premier Roy Chrestien. Clovis was the first Christian King. Comment se fit il Chrestien? How did he make himself a Christian? Sa femme l'estoit elle? Was his wife a Christian? Estant vaincu par les Allemands, il secria, Dieu de ma femme Clotide assistez moy. Being vanquished by the Germans, he cried out, O God of my wife Clotide help me. Gaigna-t-il la victoire? Did he gain the victory? Oüy. Yes. N'est-ce pas de là d'ou est venüe la saint Ampoule? Is it not from hence that the saint Ampoul is come? Oüy, ce fut un Ange qui l'apporta du Ciel. Yes, it was an Angel that brought it from Heaven. Ou est elle gardée? Where is it kept? On la garde à Reims. It is kept at Reims. Où est à present Monsieur le Prince? Where is now Monsieur the Prince? Il est en Flanders. He is in Flanders. Estes vous de son costé? Are you of his side? Est il si vaillant comme on dit? Is he so valiant as they say? C'est un des plus vaillants Princes qui ayent jamais esté. He is one of the valiantest Princes that ever have been. Vous aviez un vaillant homme nommé Gassion. You had a valiant man named Gassion. Est il mort? Is he dead? j'ay oublié son nom. I have forgot his name. Pourquoy Monsieur le Prince s'est il détaché des interests de la France? Why did Monsieur the Prince disunite himself from the interest of France? Y-a-t-il receu quelque mécontentement? Hath he received there any discontent? Quelle femme a-t-il épousée? What wife hath he married? La fille du Mareschal de Bresé. The daughter of the Marshal of Bressé. Est elle encore vivante? Is she yet living? Est elle à Brusselle? Is she at Brussels? Ou est le Duc d'Anguyen? Where is the Duke of Anguyen? On dit qu'il est en ostage en Espagne. They say that he is an hostage in Spain. Le Prince de Condé faict rougir tous les Caesar's, & ternit la memoire des Alexandres. The Prince of Condé maketh all the Caesar's blush, and blemisheth the memory of the Alexanders. On dit qu'il a rendu de grands services à la France. They say he hath done great services for France. On dit qu'il a prodigué mille fois son sang pour son Roy. They say that he hath hazarded his blood a thousand times for his King. On dit qu'il a faict de grandes choses en Allemagne. They say that he hath done great things in Germany. Son nom est grand par tout le monde. His name is great throughout the world. Il est infatigable à la guerre. He is indefatigable in the wars. Est il Prince du sang? Is he a Prince of the blood? Est il de la maison de Bourbon? Is he of the house of Bourbon? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Combien y-a-t-il que feu Monsieur le Prince est mort? How long is it since his father died? Sans luy nous aurions pris la Flanders. If it had not been for him we should have taken Flanders. Verbat. without him. Est il sçavant? Is he learned? Fort sçavant, & experimenté à la guerre. Very much, and experienced. Le Prince de Conty n'est-ce pass son frere? Is not the Prince of Conty his brother? Madame le Princess de Condé sa mere n'estoit elle pas de la maison de Mommorency? Was not Madam the Princess of Condé, of the house of Mommorency? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Que faict le Prince de Conty? What doth the Prince of Conty? Il est à la Cour. He is at Court. Il a épousé une des niéces du Cardinal? He hath married one of the nieces of the Cardinal. Monsieur de Longueville n'est il pas beau frere du Prince de Condé? Is not Monsieur of Longueville brother in law to the Prince of Condé? Oüy, il a épousé sa soeur. Yes, he hath married his sister. Est-ce luy qui estoit plenipotentiaire à Munster? Is he the same who was plenipotentiary at Munster? Oüy. Yes. Qui fur ce qui rompit la paix? Who was he who broke the peace? Ce fut Monsieur de Servient. It was Monsieur Servient. Le fitil de son propre mouvement? Did he that of his own head? Non, il avoit ordre de le fair. No, he had order to do it. Madame de Combalet, autrement la Duchess d'éguillon, est elle encore à la Cour? Is my Lady Combalet or else the Duchess of Aiguillon at the Court of France? Est elle encore aussi belle qu'elle estoit? Is she as handsome as she was? Elle est passée. She is passed. Elle est encore assez belle. She is still handsome enough. Elle n'est plus si belle. She is no more so handsome. Sa beauté est passée. Her beauty is passed. C'estoit la plus belle femme de France. She hath been the handsomest woman in France. C'estoit la niéce du Cardinal. She was niece to the Cardinal. Ou est le Baron de Bóuteville? Where is the Baron of Bouteville? Il est avec le Prince. He is with the Prince. Est il aussi vaillant que son pere estoit? Is he as valiant as his father was? Il est fort courageux. He is very courageous. Monsieur le Prince en faict grand ' estime. Monsieur the Prince makes much of him. Childeberg fut sixiesme Roy de France. Childeberg was the 6. King of France. Combien d'Universitez fameuses avez vous? How many famous Universityes have you? Nous en avons seize. We have sixteen. Qui sont elles? Which are they? Paris, Tolose, Bourdeaux, Poitiers, Orleans, Bourges, Angers, Caen, Mompelier, Cahors, Nantes, Rheims, Valence, Aix, Avignon, Pont a Mousson. Paris, Tolose, Bourdeaux, Poitiers, Orleans, Bourges, Angers, Caen, Mompellier, Cahors, Nantes, Rheins, Valence, Aix, Avignon, Pont a Mousson. Ce sont de tres belles Universitez. They are fine Universityes. Y-a-t-il des Iesuistes par tout? Is there jesuites every where? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Combien de Colleges de jesuistes y-a-t-il en France? How many Colleges have they in France? Il y en a par toutes les villes considerables. There are some in all the considerable towns. Combien avez vous de Maréchaux de France? How many Marshals of France have you? Nous en avons douze. We have twelve. Le nombre en est il limité? Is the number limited? Non Monsieur. No Sir. Qu'entendez vous par Maréchal de France? What do you mean by Marshal of France? C'est une haute dignité que le Roy donne aux braves gens. It is a high dignity that the King giveth to brave men. Combien d'ordres avez vous en France? How many orders have you in France? Il y en a quatre: l'ordre de l'estoille, institué par le Roy jean, celuy de St. Michael, par Henry 3. du Mont Carmel par Henry quatre. There are 4. the Order of the Star by King john, that of St. Michael by Henry 3. that of Mount Carmel by Henry the 4. Il n'y a que celuy du sainct Esprit qui soit consideré à la Cour. There is but that of the Holy Ghost which is considered at Court. Combien avez vous de Pairs de France? How many Peers of France have you? Nous en avons ordinairement douze, six Séculiers & six Ecclesiastiques. We have commonly twelve, six Seculars, and six ecclesiastics. Qui sont les Duchez ecclesiastics? Which are the Ecclesiastical Dukedoms? l'Archevesché de Rheims, l'Evesché de Laon, l'Evesché de Langres, l'Evesché de Chalons, la Comté de Noyon, l'évesché du Beauvais. The Archbishopric of Reins, the Bishopric of Laon, of Langres, of Chalons, the County of Noyon, and the Bishopric of Beauvais. Comment appellez vous les autres? How do you call the others? La Duché de Bourgongne, de Normandy, de Guyenne, de Flandre. The Dutché of Burgundy, of Normandy, of Guyenne, of Flanders. Comtéz Tolose, Champagne. Counties, Tolose, Champagne. Quell est le plus grand revenu du Roy? Which is the greatest revenue of the King? C'est le revenu du sell. It is the revenue of salt. Comment cela? How that? je vous le diray. I will tell you. Dans toutes les Villes de France, le Roy a un grenier au sell. In all the Towns of France. the King hath a garret of salt. Contrainct on le monde d'en prendre? Do they force people to take of it. Oüy. Yes. Combien vaut il le boisseau? How much is at a bushel? Quell est son autre revenu? What is his other revenue? Les Gentis hommes payent ils des taxes au Roy? Do the Gentleman pay taxes to the King? Qui est-ce qui pay les taxes? Who is it that payeth the taxes? Ce sont les pavures païsans. They be the poor countrymen. En ont ils le moyen? Have they means for it? Ne sont ils pas fort pavures? Are they not very poor? Chacque parroisse est taxée. Every Parish is taxed. Combien y-a-t-il de parroisses en France? How many parishes are there in France? Il y en a dix sept cents mills. There are seventeen hundred thousand. Les aués vous comptez? Have you told them? On les a comptez. They have told them. La France est un grand corpse. France is a great body. Combien avez vous de provinces? How many Provinces have you? Nous en avons dixsept. We have seventeen. Qui est la plus grande? Which is the greatest? C'est la Normandy. It is Normandy. Force-t-on les païsans de payer? Do they force the countrymen to pay? Oüy; quand ils ne le peuvent, on les met en prison. Yes; when they cannot do it, they are put in prison. Est il possible? Is it possible? Le Roy n'a-t-il point d'autre revenu que celuy du sell? Hath the King no other revenue or rent, but this of the salt? Verbatim, the King not hath he no other rent then this of salt? Qui est-ce qui a mis cét impoes sur la France? Who is he which put that imposition upon France? ç'a esté le Cardinal de Richelieu. It was Cardinal Richelieu. Combien vaut le boisseau de sel en France? What is a bushel of salt worth in France? Verbatim, how much worth a bushel of salt in France! Monsieur, il vaut quatre pistols. Sir it is worth four pistols. Combien valent quatre pistolles en monnoye d'Angleterre? How much are four pistols worth in English money?  valent trois Jacobus. They are worth three pieces, or Jacobusen. Il n'est pas possible? Is it not possible? Il est aussi uray que vous voilà. It is as true as you are there. Verbat. that you there are. Vous avez grand ' quantité de Maltoutiers. You have a great many maltoutiers, monopolists in France. Qu'appellez vous maltoutiers? What do you call maltoutiers? Ce sont des hommes qui prestent une somme d'argent au Roy, & obtiennent la permission de lever un impos sur quelque chose que ce soit. These are men that lend money to the King, and do obtain leave to lay an imposition or tax upon any thing whatsoever. Ils ne perdent pas. They do not lose. Ils levent dix fois plus d'argent que ce qu'ils donnent. The raise ten times more money than what they have given. Quand le Roy a affaire d'argent, il en demande à toutes les villes. When the King wanteth money, he demandeth some of all the Towns. Verbatim, when the King hath business of money, he asketh some to all the Towns. Vos loix sont elles bonnes? Are your laws good?  sont fort bonnes. They are very good. Sont elles bien obseruées? Are they well observed? je le laisse à la conscience des juges. I leave it to the conscience of the judges. Il y a de la faveur par tout. There is favour every where. Où est Monsieur de Guise? Where is Monsieur de Guise? Il est en Cour. He is at Court. Il n'a pas reüssi au Royaume de Naples. He hath done nothing in the Kingdom of Naples. Verbatim, he is not come to an end of his designs. Le Prince Thomas est il à Turin? Is Prince Thomas at Turin? Verbatim, the Prince Thomas is he at Turin? Est il en bonne intelligence avec le Roy? Is he in good intelligence with the King? Quand parle-t-on de convoquer les Estates Generaux? When will the King call the General Parliament? Verbatim, when do they speak to call the State's General? Où tinrent ils la derniere fois? Where were they held the last time? Verbatim, where did they held. Qui est-ce qui commande vos forces en Catologne? Who is it that commandeth your forces in Catalonia? Est-ce encore le Prince de Conty? Is it still the Prince of Conty? Monsieur le Prince d'Harcourt est il de la maison de Lorraine? Is Monsieur d'Harcourt of the house of Lorraine? Est il uray que le Duc de Lorraine est à Paris? Is it true that the Duke of Lorraine is at Paris? Y-a-t-il long temps qu'il y est? How long hath he been there? Verbatim, hath it a long time that he is there? Le Duc d'Orleans n'a-t-il pas épouse sa soeur? Hath not the Duke of Orleans married his sister. La Reine de Pologne est elle fille de France? Is the Queen of Poland a daughter of France? Non Monsieur. No Sir. Comment s'appelloit elle devant que d'estre mariée. What was her name before she was married? Verb. how did she call herself? Elle s'appelloit la Princess Marie. She did call herself the Princess Mary. N'est-ce pas elle qu'on vouloit marier au Duc d'Orleans? Is it not the same that they would marry with the Duke of Orleans? Verbat. not is it she that they would marry to the Duke of Orleans? Oüy Monsieur, c'est la mesme. Yes Sir, she is the same. Combien d'en fants avoit Henry 4? How many children had Henry the 4. Il en avoit cinq. He had five. Verbatim, he had thereof 5. Loüis 13. son successeur, Gaston Duc d'Orleans, Henriete Marie Rhine d'Angleterre, Elisabelle de Bourbon Rhine d'Espagne, & la Duchesse de Savoye. Lewis the 13. his successor. Gaston Duke of Orleans, Henrieta Maria Queen of England, Elisabeth of Bourbon Queen of Spain, and the Duchess of Savoy. De quelle religion estoit Henry 4? Of what religion was Henry the 4? Il estoit premierement de la religion. He was first of the religion. Que voulez vous dire par là? What mean you by that? C'est à dire, de la religion réformée. It is as much as to say, of the reformed religion. Comment fut il couronné Roy? How was he crowned King? Ce fut aprés la mort de Henry trois. It was after the death of Henry the 3. On dit qu'il fut tüé d'un coup de couteau? Do they say he was killed with a knife? Il est uray. It is true. Qui est-ce qui le tua? Who was it that killed him? Ce fut un Jacobin. It was a Jacobin. On dit que le Duc de Guise & le Cardinal son frere furent tuez. They say that the Duke of Guise and the Cardinal his brother were killed. Henry 3. les fit tüer à Blois. Henry 3. commanded to kill them. Verb. Henry 3. made them killed at Blois. Où furent ils tuez? Where were they killed? Dans le Chasteau de Bloïs'. In the Castle of Blois. Le Duc de Guise estoit il en mauvaise intelligence avec le Roy? Was there no good understanding betwixt the King and the Duke of Guise? On dit qu'il aspiroit à la Couronne. They say that he had a mind to the Crown. Verbatim, that he aspired to the Crown. Monsieur, je vous prie, qui estoit le Marquis d'Ancre? Pray Sir, what was the Marquis d'Ancre? I'en ay oüi parler plusieurs fois. I have heard of him many times. Verbatim, I have heard thereof to speak. C'estoit un Italien. He was an Italian. Pourquoy fut il tué? Why was he killed? Il fut tué par le command ement du Roy. He was killed by the command of the King. Qui est-ce qui le tua? Who was it that killed him? Ce fut le Mareschal de Vitry. It was Marshal de Vitry. On dit qu'il estoit grand favory de la Rhine? They say he was a great favourite of the Queen. On le disoit. They did say so. Estoit il marié? Was he married? Oüy. Yes. Estoit il Politic? Was he a Politician? Non Monsieur. No Sir. Henry 4. mourut il de sa belle mort? Did Henry the 4. die in his bed? Verbat. of his fair death? Il fut tué aussi d'un coup de couteau. He was killed also with a blow of a knife. Verbatim, of a knife. Il y a vingt cinq ans que nous avons la guerre contre l'Espagnol. We have had wars these 25. years against the Spaniard. Verbatim, there is 25. years that we have the war against, etc. Il y a long temps que le Maréchal de Biron fut décapité. It is a great while since Martial de Byron was beheaded. Verbatim, there hath a long time, etc. Qu'avoit il faict? What had he done? Il avoit intelligence avec le Duc de Savoye. He held intelligence with the Duke of Savoy. Avez vous quantité de Messieurs de la religion en France? Have ye many Gentlemen of the religion in France? On't ills liberté de conscience? Have they liberty of conscience? On't ills des Universitez? Have they any Universities? Il y en a beaucoup à Saumurs. There are many at Saumurs. Verbatim, there hath much at Saumurs. Sont ils les plus forts? Are they very strong? Non Monsieur. No Sir. Il y a quantité de Messieurs de la religion à Paris. There are a great many men of the religion at Paris. Il y a deux cents catholiques pour un protestant. There are two hundred catholics for one protestant. Il y a un million d'ames à Paris. There is a million of souls at Paris. Verbat. there hath. Il y a trop de Monde à Paris. There are too many people at Paris. C'est une horrible confusion. It is an horrible confusion. Paris ne me playst pass. Paris doth not please me. Londres me playst mieux. London pleaseth me better. Les Messieurs de la religion ontils des Eglises publiques? Have the Messieurs of the religion public Churches? Ils en ont une hors de la Ville. They have one out of the Town. N'est-ce pas à Charenton? Is it not at Charenton? Y-a-t-il toûjours du different entre la Soborne & les Jesuistes? Is there always a quarrel between the Sorbonne and the Jesuits? Les Iansenistes sont ils appaisez? Are the jansenists quiet? Le Pape a condamné leur opinion. The Pope hath condemned their opinion. Ou est le Cardinal de Rets? Where is the Cardinal of Rets? On dit que c'est un grand homme. They say he is a great man. Il est fort pour les interests des Princes. He is much for the interest of the Princes. Il est tres sçavant. He is very learned. Il est fort bien venu auprés du Pape. He is very welcome to the Pope. Monsieur de Bruselles est il mort? Is Monsieur de Brussels dead? Est il reconsilié avec la Cour? Is he reconciled to the Court? je croy qu'oüy. I believe so. Verbatim, that yes. Estiéz vous à Paris durant la guerre? Was you at Paris during the wars? Mademoiselle d'Orleans a du coeur. Mademoiselle of Orleans hath a good heart. Verbat. some heart. Elle alla à la teste de l'Armée à Orleans. She went in the head of the Army to Orleans. Le Roy est il bien guery? Is the King perfectly cured? Il se porte à cette heure fort bien. He is well now. Verbatim, he carrieth himself very well at this hour. Il est à present à Paris. He is now at Paris. Il y demeurera tout l'nyver. He will stay there all the winter. Monsieur, vous m'avez fort obligé. Sir, you have obliged me, I'ay beaucoup profité en toutes vos conversations. I have profited much in conversing with you. je me plais grandement en vostre bonne compagnie. I please myself much in your good company. je voudrois vous pouvoir servir. I would I was able to serve you. Si je le puis, ce sera de bon coeur. If I can, it shall be with all my heart. Verbatim, of good heart. je suis infiniement marri de vous quitter. I am infinitely sorry to leave you. je vous prie de me commander. I pray you to command me. Vous en allez vous? Do you go away? Monsieur, je suis pressé. Sir, I am in haste. Verbat. I am pressed. Un Gentilhomme m'attend. A Gentleman expecteth me. Il y a un Gentil-homme qui m'attend. There is a Gentleman that expecteth me. je seray toute ma vie vostre redevable. I will be always your obliged. je me souviendray toûjours de vos faveurs. I will always remember your favours. Verbat. I will remember me of your favours. Si Dieu me faict la grace de vous revoir, j'en seray bien aise. If God shall give me leave to see you again, I shall be very glad of it. je prie Dieu qu'il vous conduise. I pray God to speed you. Mon cher amy, je vous remercie de vos civilitez. My dear friend, I thank you for your civilityes. Ressouvenez vous de moy. Remember me. Verbatim, remember yourself of me. Souvenez vous de vos amis. Remember your friends. Verbat. remember yourself of your friends. Qui est-ce Gentil-homme là qui estoit avec vous? What Gentleman is that which was with you? Monsieur, c'est un Anglois. Sir, it is an Englishman. De quelle condition est il? Of what quality is he? Il est de bonne maison. He is of a good house. C'est le fils d'un Chevalier. He is the son of a Knight. Il est fort genereux. He is very generous. Y-a-t-il long temps que vous estes ensemble? How long have you been together? Verbat. is it a long time that you are together? Il y a environ trois heures. It is about three hours. Parle-t-il François? Doth he speak French? Il ne parle pas mal. He speaketh prettily well. Verbatim, he speaketh not ill. Il parle assez bien. He speaketh well enough. Il a bien employé le temps. He hath spent his time well. Sa compagnie est tres agreeable. His company is very good. Il parle fort nettement. He speaketh neatly.  
Second Dialogue, entre un Gentil- homme Anglois & une Demoiselle. The second Dialogue, between a Gentleman and Gentlewoman. Madame, vostre tres humble serviteur. Madam, your most humble servant. Monsieur, je suis vostre servant. F. Sir, I am your servant. I'ay pris la hardiesse de vous venir rendre mes dévoirs. I have taken the boldness to come and tender you my duty. Monsieur, je vous suis fort obligée. Sir, I am much engaged to you. Verbatim, I you am very obliged. Vous m'accablez de vos civilitez. You overcome me with your civilityes. Verbatim, you pull me down of your civilityes. je n'ay pas merité tant d'honneur. I have not deserved so much honour. je vous rents un million de graces. I give you a thousand thanks. Verbatim, I you render a million of graces. Mademoiselle, je ne sçaurois faire de compliments. Madam, I cannot compliment. Tréve de compliments. Without compliments. Verbat. truce of compliments. Qu'avez vous appris? What have you learned? I'ay appris que Mademoiselle B. est accordée. I have learned that Mistress B. is to be married, or promised. Verbat. agreed. C'est une tres belle fille. She is a handsome gentlewoman. Verbat. a fair maid. Elle touch le luth dans le ravissement. She playeth upon the lute very well. Verbatim, she toucheth the lute in the astonishment. Elle a beaucoup de perfections. She hath many good parts. Verbatim, she hath much of perfections. Elle dance prodigieusement bien. See danceth excellently well. N'a-t-elle pas l'esprit jolly? Hath she not a pretty wit? C'est la Demoiselle la plus accomplie que je connoisse. She is the most accomplished Gentlewoman that I know. Elle a toutes les marques d'une fille d'honneur. She hath all the marks of a Gentlewoman of honour. Verb. maid. Elle a bonne grace. She hath a good grace. Elle sçait bien parler François. She can speak French well. Elle merite beaucoup. She deserveth much. Elle est de belle taille. She is of very good tall. Elle est fort civilisée. She is full of civility. Monsieur, vous avez raison. Sir, you have reason. La connoissez vous particulierement? Do you know her very well? I'ay eu l'honneur de la salüer une fois. I have had the honour to salute her once. je l'ay rencontrée en compagnie. I have met her in company. je me plais beaucoup en sa compagnie. I am much pleased in her company. I'aime sa conversation. I love her conversation. Sa compagnìe me playst. Her company pleaseth me. Elle est d'un gallant humeur. She is of a gallant humour. Elle discours comme un Ange. She discourseth like an Angel. Vous avez bonne impression d'elle. You have a good conceit of her. Elle vous a beaucoup d'obligation. She is much obliged to you. Verb. she you hath much of obligation. C'est ma bonne amie. She is my good friend. je chery fort sa compagnie. I love much her company. Connoissez vous Monsieur son serviteur? Do you know her servant? I'en ay oüi fair grand recit. I have heard of him. Verbatim, I have thereof heard to make great relation. On en parle avec grand respect. They speak of him with great respect. Il est fort accredité. He is much cried up. Il est fort aimé des Dames. He is extremely beloved of the Ladies. Est-ce un homme d'épée? Is he a soldier? Verbat. is he a man of sword? C'est un homme de letters. He is a learned man. Verb. he is a man of letters. Il a bien estudié. He is a great scholar. Verb. he hath much studied. Il est maistre aux arts. He is a Master of Arts. Verbat. he is Master to the Arts. Est il de condition? Is he of a condition? C'est le cadet d'une grand ' maison. He is the younger brother of a great house. Verbatim, the cadet of. I'll l'aime passionnément. He loveth her passionately. L'amour est reciproque entre eux. Love is reciprocal between them. Leurs parents en sont ils d'accord? Are their parents agreed? Ils en sont tous d'accord. They are all agreed. Sesse parents le veulent bien. Her friends they are well content with it. Verbatim, it they will well. I'ay veu à ce matin un plaisant visage. I have seen this morning a pleasant man. Verb. visage. S'il n'est fol, le Roy n'est pas noble. If he is not a fool, the King it not a Gentleman. Verbat. is not noble. Ou l'avez vous veu Monsieur? Where did you see him Sir? je l'ay veu par hazard. I saw him by chance. Chez un amy. At a friend's house. Vous ne sçavez pas qui j'ay veu. You do not know whom I have seen. Qui, Mademoiselle? Who, Mistress? Ou l'avez vous veüe? Where have you seen her? je l'ay veüe au bal. I have seen her at the ball. A-t-elle dancé? Hath she danced? Dance-t-elle bien? Doth she dance well? Elle ne dance pas mal. She danceth well. Verbat. not ill. Elle faict fort bien les figures. She maketh well the figures. Il me semble qu'elle se fared. I think she painteth. On me l'a dit. One told me that. C'est une coquéte. She is a coquete. Elle est pleine de vanité. She is full of vanity. Elle s'imagine qu'elle est la Rhine. She thinks herself to be a Queen. Elle le porte fort haut. She is very high. Verbatim, she carrieth it very high. Elle croit qu'elle est l'unique. She believes that she is the only in the world. Elle n'est pas trop belle. She is not too handsome. Elle s'en faict un peu accroire. She presumeth a little too much upon herself. Sa soeur est mille fois plus jolie qu'elle. Her sister is a thousand times prettier than she is. Monsieur, il m'est arriué une disgrace. Sir, a misfortune hath happened to me. Mon frere est mort. My brother is dead. I'en suis infiniement marry, pour l'amour de vous. I am infinitely sorry, for the love I bear you. Il faut vous consoler. You must cheer up. Nous sommes tous mortels. We are all mortals. Il faut tous mourir. We must all die. On m'a dit que vous avez faict une grande . They say that you have had a great loss. Il est tres certain. It is very certain. Le meilleur amy que j'avois au Monde est mort. The best friend I had in the world is dead. Depuis quand? Since what time? Depuis huict jours. Since eight days. On n'y sçauroit que fair. It cannot be helped. Voulez vous venir au parc? Will you come into the park? Il y aura bonne compagnie. There will be good company. Verb. there shall have. Madame T. y sera. Mistress T. will be there. Vous verrez Monsieur. You shall see Master. je n'ay point d'envie d'y aller. I have no mind to go thither. je n'ay pas le temps. I have no time. je ne sortiray pas aprés disner. I will not go out after dinner. Avez vous veu quelques uns de connoissance? Have you seen any body of your acquaintance? je n'y ay pas pris garde. I did not observe it. Verbatim, I have not taken notice there. I'ay veu un jûne Gentilhomme. I have seen a young Gentleman. Avez vous parlé à luy? Have you spoken to him? Non, je n'ay pas parlé à luy. No, I have not spoken to him. je l'ay veu de loin. I have seen him far off. Il estoit en Carrosse. He was in a coach. Il estoit à cheval. He was on horseback. Il estoir à pié. He was a foot. Il estoit sur l'eau. He was upon the water. Il estoit avec une Dame. He was with a Lady. Adieu Monsieur. Farewell Sir.  
Troisiéme Dialogue, sur l'Estat de France, comme elle est à present Gouvernée, entre un Gentil-homme Anglois & un François. The third Dialogue, upon the State of France as it is now governed, between an English Gentleman and a French man. Vostre Estat est il Monarchique? Is your State Monarchical? Oüy Monsieur, les Roys de France sont absolus. Yes Sir, the Kings of France are absolute. Depuis quand le sont ils? How long have they been so? Verbat. since when? Depuis Pharamont, la France a esté Monarchy. Since Pharamont, France hath been a Monarchy. On m'a dit que Loüis XI. rendit l'Estat Monarchique? They say that Lewis the XI. did make the state Monarchical? Monsieur, il a esté de tout temps. Sir, it hath been so always. Verbat. of all time. Ce n'est que depuis que les François se sont détachez de l'Empire Romain. It has been only since the French have abandoned the interest of the Roman Empire. Verbatim, it not is then since the French themselves are untied of the Roman Empire. Vostre Roy prend il conseil du Parliament? Doth your King take counsel of the Parliament? Monsieur, le Parlement ne sert qu'a décider les affaires des süjets. Sir, the Parliament is only to decide the business of the subjects. Le Roy écoute les remonstrances du Parliament: mais aprés-il dit, je le veux. The King heareth the remonstrances of the Parliament: but after he saith, I will. Monsieur, vostre estat n'est Monarchique que depuis le Cardinal de Richelieu. Sir, your state hath only been Monarchical since Cardinal Richelieus time. Verbat. not is Monarchical then since the Cardinal Richelieu. Il est uray que le Cardinal l'a hautement conserué. It is true that the Cardinal hath maintained it highly. Le Parlement ne verifie-t-il pas les edicts du Roy? Doth not the Parliament verify the King's edicts? Oüy, mais ce n'est que par form. Yes, but it is only formally. Qui est-ce qui donne les Gouvernements des Provinces? Who is it that bestoweth the Government of Provinces? C'est le Roy seul. It is the King alone. Il me semble que ce n'est pas une bonne politique d'avoir tant de Gouverneurs. Me thinks it is not good policy to have so many Governors. Pourquoy, Monsieur? Why, Sir? Parce que dans les revolutions des temps les peuples de chaque Province s'attachent aveuglément aux interests de leurs Gouverneurs. Because in the revolution of time, the people of each Province tie themselves blindly to the interest of their Governors. Quell est le revenu de vostre couronne? What is the revenue of your Crown? Qu'appellez vous la taille? What do you call taille. C'est une tax mice sur toutes les Parroisses de France. It is a tax laid upon all the Parishes in France. Combien avez vous de Parroisses? How many Parishes have you? Nous en avons cent mills. We have an hundred thousand. Combien paye chaque Parroisse? How much payeth each Parish? La moindre donne plus de de deux cents pistols, par an. The least giveth more than two hundred pistols per annum. Les Gentishommes payent ils aussi? Do the Gentlemen pay also? Non, s'ils font valoir leur bien, eux mesmes. No, if they value their own estates. Ce sont les païsans. They are the countrymen. Le Roy n'a-t-il point d'autre revenu? Hath the King no other revenue? Il a le revenu du sell. He hath a revenue of the salt. Combien vaut il le boisseau? How much is it worth the bushel? Il vaut quarante Francs. It is worth 40. Francs. Combien est-ce en monnoye d'Angleterre? How much is that in English money? Ce sont trois pieces d'or, ou Jacobus. It is three pieces of gold. Le sel est il si cher en France? Is salt so dear in France? Qui est-ce qui a mis cét impost sur le sell? Who put that impost upon the salt? Ce fut Loüis 13. quill le haussa de prix. It was Lewis the 13. who raised the price of it. Vous en avez de l'obligation au Cardinal de Richelieu. You are much engaged to the Cardinal of Richelieu. Verbat. you have some obligation to the Cardinal Richelieu. à combien se monte tout le revenu du Roy? What is the King's revenue in all? Verbatim, to how much itself riseth all the revenue of the King? à sa volonté, quelque fois plus, quelque fois moins. At his pleasure some time more, some time less. Il commande quand il luy playst. He commandeth when he pleaseth. Outre cela il y a des imposts sur toutes choses. Beside that there are imposts upon every thing. Le Roy leve cent millions de liures par an. The King raiseth a hundred millions of livers per annum. Est-ce le Roy qui faict battre la monnoye d'or & d'argent? Is it the King that maketh coin money of gold and silver? Personne que le Roy n'oseroit le fair. No body but the King dares do it. Est-ce le Roy qui faict des loix? Is it the King who maketh Laws? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Sans le consentement du Parliament? Without the consent of the Parliament? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Est-ce le Roy qui nomme aux Eveschez & autres dignitez ecclesiastics? Doth the King name to the Archbishoprics and other Ecclesiastical dignities? Le Roy nomme, & le Pape les reçoit. The King nameth and the Pope receiveth them. Est-ce le Roy qui erige les Colleges & les Universitez? Is it the King who erecteth Colleges and Universities? Est-ce luy qui déclare la guerre, & faict la paix? Is it he who proclaimeth wars, and maketh peace? Monsieur, le Roy est le Souverain; i'll faict tout son plaisir. Sir, the King is Sovereign, he doth all at his own pleasure. C'est tout dire, le Parlement ne se mesle pas des affairs d'Estat. It is all that is to be said, the Parliament doth not meddle with affairs of State. Verbatim, it is all to say, the Parliament doth not mix itself of the affairs of Estate. Comment est Gouverné vostre Estate durant la Minorité? How is your Kingdom Governed during the Minority? Monsieur, le Roy estant mort, on faict déclarer le Dauphin Roy. Sir, the King being dead, the Dauphin is proclaimed King. Quand le Dauphin est déclaré Roy, gouverne-t-il? When the Dauphin is proclaimed King, doth he govern? Non Monsieur, c'est la Rhine sa mere. No Sir, it is the Queen his mother. Gouverne-t-elle en son nom? Doth she govern in her own name? Non, c'est au nom du Roy. No, it is in the name of the King. Tous les edicts se font au nom du Roy. All the edicts are made in the name of the King. Supposez que la Reine soit morte, quoy donc? Suppose the Queen is dead, what then? C'est au plus proche de la Couronne a gouverner. It belongs to the next to the Crown to govern. Le Rhine a-t-elle un conseil durant la regence? Hath the Queen a counsel during her regency? Oüy. Yes. Ecoute-t-elle la pluralité des voix? Doth she regard the plurality of their voices? Non, elle est absolüe. No, she is absolute. Il me semble que les Regentes avoyent accoutûmé de gouverner en leur nom. I think the Regent's were used to govern in their own name.  ont tousjours faict les edicts au nom du Roy, depuis Charles VI. They have made their edicts in the name of the King, since Charles the VI Vous avez tous-jours de grands troubles durant la minorité. You have always great troubles during the minority. Vos Parlements veulent miner l'authorité . Your Parliaments would diminish the Royal authority. Vostre Roy est il major à quatorze ans? Is your King out of his minority at 14. years? Oüy, & les Princes à dixsept. Yes, and the Princes by seventeen. Et les autres à vingt cinq. And the others by 25. Qui est-ce qui reçcoit la Reine à la Regence? Who receiveth the Queen to the Regency? C'est le Parliament. It is the Parliament. Vostre Roy est il successif ou electif? Is your King successive or elective. Il est successif. He is successive. Pourquoy vostre Roy s'appelle-t-il tres Chrestien? Why is your King called most Christian? C'est à cause des grands services que les Roys de France ont rendus au saint Siege. It is because of the great service the Kings of France have done to the holy See. Le Roy de France s'appelle aussi premier fils de l'église. The King of France is called also First son of the Church. Il est uray. It is true. Rend il des dévoirs au Pape? Doth he render any duty to the Pope? Il luy rend un respect filial. He rendereth him a filial respect. Peut-il mettre des imposts sur le Clergé? Can he lay imposts upon the Clergy? Il ne le faict pas, mais il le peut. He doth not do it, but he may. Le Clergé de France est il ? Is the Clergy of France rich? Il est tres . It is very rich. Les fils naturels de France peuvent ils heriter? Can the natural sons in France inherit? Oüy, s'il n'y en a point de ligitimes. Yes, if they be no others. Peuvent ils disputer la Couronne aux ligitimes? Can they dispute the Crown with those that are legitimate? Point du tout; le Roy leur donne des Apanages selon sa volonté. Not at all; the King giveth them Apennages as he is pleased. Verb. according to his will. Pourquoy appellez vous le premier fils de France Dauphin? Why do you call the first son of France Dauphin? C'est à cause que Humbert resigna sa Principauté au Roy Philippe VI. It is because Humbert did resign his Principality to Philip the VI Y-a-t-il long temps? How long is it since? Il y a trois cents ans. Three hundred years ago. Comment s'appelle le second fils de France? How do you call the second son of France? Il s'appelle Monsieur. He is called Monsieur. N'est-ce pas le Duc d'Anjou? Is he not the Duke of Anjou? Quell epithet donnez vous a Loüis 14? What epithet do you give to Lewis the 14. Il est appellé Dieu donné. He is called Given of God. Qui a esté son Gouverneur? Who was his Governor? Monsieur de Bassompierre. Monsieur of Bassompierre. Et à present Monsieur de ville Roy. And after Monsieur ville Roy. Qui est son Praecepteur? Who is his Tutor? C'est l'Evesque de Rhodes. The Bishop of Rhodes. Comment s'appelle la Rhine? How do you call the Queen? Anne Marie d'Autriche. Anna Maria of Austria. Combien d'enfants a-t-elle? How many children hath she had? Elle n'a que le Roy & le Duc d'Anjou. She hath had none but the King and the Duke of Anjou. Il me semble qu'elle a esté long temps sterile. It seemeth to me that she hath been long barren. Il est uray: c'est pour cela que nous appellons Loüis 14. Dieu donné. It is true: and that is the reason that we call Lewis the 14. God-given. Quell âge à le Roy? How old is the King? Il a dix sept ans. He is seventeen. Verbatim, he hath seventeen. Quell âge a la Rhine? How old is the Queen? Verbatim, what age hath the Queen? Elle en a 54. She is 54. N'est elle pas de la maison d'Autriche? Is she not of the House of Austria? Oüy, elle est soeur du Roy d'Espagne. Yes, she is sister to the King of Spain. Quell âge a le Duc d'Anjou? How old is the Duke of Anjou? Il a quinze ans. He is fifteen. N'a-t-il point davantage? Is he no more? Il n'a pas davantage. He is no more. Quell âge a Mademoiselle d'Orleans? How old is Mademoiselle of Orleans? Elle a 27. ans. She is 27. Qui fut la premiere femme de Henry quatre? Who was the first wife of Henry the 4? Il épousa en premiere nopce Marquerite de France. He married first Margaret of France. Estoit elle de la maison de Valois? Was she of the house of Valois? Pour quelle raison le Roy Henry 4. lafoy repudia-t-il? For what reason did the King divorce her? à cause qu'elle étoit sterile. Because she was barren. Comment s'appelloit sa seconde femme? How was his second wife called? Elle s'appelloit Marie de Medicis. She was called Mary of Medici's. N'estce pas la mesme qui a broüillé la charte icy? Is it not the same who made a quarrel among us? Verb. did spoil the Chart? Combien d'enfants eut il de Marie de Medicis? How many children had Mary of Medici's? Trois fils: Loüis 13. Nicolas Duc d'Orleans qui mourut, & Gaston Duc d'Allençon aprés Duc d'Orleans. Three sons: Lewis 13. Nicoles Duke of Orleans who died, Gaston Duke of Allençon after Duke of Orleans. Combien de filles? How many daughters? Elisabeth de France Rhine d'Espagne, Chrestienne de France Duchess de Savoye appellée Madame , & Henriete Marie Rhine d'Angleterre. Elisabeth of France Queen of Spain, Chrestienne of France Duchess of Savoy, Henrietta Maria Queen of England. Combien de Maistresses eut Henry 4? How many Mistresses had Henry the 4? Madame Gabriele d'Estrée Duchess de Beauford. My Lady Gabriel of Estrée Duchess of Deautford. Combien d'enfants naturels eut il d'elle? How many natural children had he by her? Deux fils & une fille. Two sons and a daughter. Comment s'appelle le 1. fils? How was the first son called? Cesar duc de Vendôme. Cesar Duke of Vendôme. N'estee pas luy qui estoit disgracié? Is it not he who was out of favour? Ne demeura-t-il pas icy à Londres? Did he not dwell here at London? Qui fut le second fils naturel? Who was the second natural son? Alexandre de Vendôme. Alexander of Vendôme. Est il encore vivant? Is he yet living? Non, il est mort. No, he is dead. Ou est il mort? Where died he? Au bois de Vincenne. In the wood of Vincenne. Comment appellez vous la fille? How do you call the daughter? Elle s'appelle Catherinne Henriette, femme du Duc d'Elbeuf. She is called Catharine Henrietta, wife to the Duke of Elbeuf. Qui fut sa seconde Mistress. Who was his second Mistress? Henriete de Balsac Marquis de Vernüeil. Henrietta of Balsac Marchioness of Vernueil. Combien d'enfants eut il d'elle? How many children had he by her? Il en eut deux; un fils, & une fille. He had two; a son and a daughter. Le fils estoit appellé Henry de Bourbon, Evesque de Mets. The son was called Henry of Bourbon, Bishop of Mets. Et Gabriele, premiere femme de Duc d'Espernon. The daughter Gabriele, first wife of the Duke of Espernon. Comment s'appelloit sa troisiéme Mistress? How was his third Mistress called? Jacquelinne de Püeil, Comtesse de Moret. Jacqueline of Püeil, Countess of Moret. De cette Dame il n'eut qu' Antoine de Bourbon Comte de Moret. By that Lady he had only Anthony of Bourbon Earl of Moret. Ou est il? Where is he? Il fut tué l'an 1632 au combat qui se donna entre le Roy & le Duc d'Orleans. He was killed in the year 1632. in the fight between the King and the Duke of Orleans. Comment s'appelloit sa 4. Mistress? Who was his 4. Mistress? Elle s'appelloit Charlote des Essars. She was called Charlotte of Essards. Combien d'enfants eut il d'elle? How many children had he by her? Deux filles qui sont mortes religieuses. Two daughters that died religious. Comment appelliez vous la premiere femme du Duc d'Orleans? How call you the first wife of the Duke of Orleans? Madame de Mompensier. My Lady of Mompensier. Sa seconde? The second? Elle est de la maison de Lorraine. She is of the house of Lorraine. Quell revenu a le Duc d'Orleans? What revenue hath the Duke of Orleans? Le Roy luy donne une pension de deux ou trois millions de liures tous les ans. The King giveth him a pension of two or three millions a year. Ou tient il sa Cour? Where doth he keep his Court? Il la tient à Blois. He keepeth it at Blois. Mademoiselle d'Orleans est elle mariée? Is Mademoiselle d'Orleans married? Non Monsieur. No Sir. D'ou est descendu le Prince de Condé? From whence cometh the Prince [House] of Conde? I'll descend de Loüis de Bourbon, frere d'Anthoine Roy de Navarre, & pere de Henry 4. He is descended from Lewis of Bourbon, brother to Anthony of Navarre, father of Henry the 4. Monsieur, d'ou descend la maison de Soissons? Sir, from whence cometh the house of Soissons? De la maison de Condé. From the house of Condé. Cette famille là est elle éteinte? Is that family extinguished? Oüy Monsieur, le dernier fut tüé à la battaille de Sedan 1641. Yes Sir, the last man of it was slain in the battle of Sedan, 1641. Feu le Prince de Condé n'épousa-t-il pas en seconde nopce Charlote Marquerite de Mommorancy? Did not the late Prince of Condy marry for his second wife Charlotte Margaret of Mommorancy? Comment s'appelle son fils aisné? How do you call his eldest son? Il s'appelle Loüis de Bourbon, Prince de Condé. He is called Lewis of Bourbon, Prince of Condé. Quelle femme a épousé Monsieur le Prince? What, woman hath Monsieur the Prince married? Il a épousé Claire Clemence de maillé fille du Maréchal de Bresé. He hath married Claire Clemence of Maillé daughter to the Marshal de Bresé. Le Cardinal de Richelieu n'estoit il pas son oncle? Was not Cardinal Richelieu her oncle? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Le Maréchal de Bresé n'est il pas mort? Is not Marshal Bresé dead? N'estoit il pas Gouverneur de Saumur? Was he not Governor of Saumur? Combien a-t-il d'enfans? How many children hath he? Il en a deux; l'ainé le Duc d'Anguyen, & le Cadet le Duc d'Albret. He hath two; the elder is called Duke d'Anguyen, & the younger Duke of Albret. Pourquoy fut il mis au Bois de Vincenne? Why was he put into Bois de Vincenne? Qu'avoit il faict? What had he done? Il estoit auparavant grand maistre de France, & Gouverneur de Bourgogne, & de Berry. He was formerly great master of France, Governor of Burgundy, and Berry. Qui est en sa place au Gouvernement de Bourgogne? Who is in his place in the Government of Burgundy? C'est le Duc de Vendome. It is the Duke of Vendôme. Qui est Gouverneur de Berry? Who is Governor of Berry? C'est le Comte de St. Agnan. It is the Count of Saint Agnan. Ou est il? Where is he? Il est en Flanders. He is in Flanders. Comment s'appelle le Prince de Conty en son nom de baptéme? What is the Prince of Conty's Christian name? Il s'appelle Armand de Bourbon. His name is Armand of Bourbon. Qui estoit son parrain? Who was his Godfather? C'estoit le Cardinal de Richelieu. It was Cardinal Richelieu. Qui estoit le Cardinal de Richelieu? What was Cardinal Richelieu? C'estoit le plus grand politique du monde. He was the greatest Politician in the world. Ou est il enterré? Where is he buried? On ne sçait pas. No body knoweth. Quelle femme a épousé le Prince de Conty? What woman did the Prince of Conty marry? Il a épousé la niéce du Cardinal Mazarin. He married the niece of Cardinal Mazarin. Est il sçavant? Is he a good Scholar? Verbat. learned? Extremément: il estudioit pour estre d'église. Extremely: he did study for to be a Church man. Les autres Princes ont ils besoin de lettres de legitimation? Have the others Princes need of letters of legitimation? Oüy, il en faut necessairement. Yes, they must have some necessarily. Combien d'enfans a le Duc de Vendôme? How many children hath the Duke of Vendome? Quelle femme a-t-il épousée? What woman did he marry? Il a épousé Françoise de Lorraine fille unique de Philippe Emanuel de Lorraine Duc de Mercoeur. He married Frances of Lorraine only daughter to Philip Emanuel of Lorraine Duke of Mercoeur. Comment s'appelle le fils aisné du Duc de Vendôme? How call you the eldest son of the Duke of Vendôme? Il s'appelle Loüis de Vendôme Duc de Mercoeur. He is called Lewis of Vendôme Duke of Mercoeur. Quelle femme a-t-il épousée? What wife hath he married? Il a épousé une des niéces du Cardinal. He hath married one of the nieces of the Cardinal. Et le second? And the second? Il s'appelle François de Vendôme Duc de Beauford. He is called Francis of Vendôme Duke of Beauford. Les Parisiens aiment fort Monsieur de Beauford. The Parisians love much Monsieur de Beauford. Il estoit General des Parisiens. He was the General of the Parisians. Le Duc de Vendôme a esté long temps disgracié. The Duke of Vendôme hath been long out of favour. Il est plus en faveur que jamais. He is more in favour then ever. Est il Amiral de France? Is he Admiral of France? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Le Duc d'Angoulesme est il mort? Is the Duke of Angoulesme dead? De quelle famille estoit il? Of what family was he? Il estoit de la maison de Valois. He was of the house of Valois. Estoit il fils naturel de Henry 4? Was he son natural to Henry the 4? Non Monsieur, il estoit fils naturel de Charles IX. No Sir, he was natural son to Charles the 9 Quelle femme épousa-t-il? Whom did he marry? Il épousa Charlotte de Mommorency. He married Charlotte of Mommorancy? Combien d'enfants avoit-il? How many children hath he had? Il en a eu trois: le Comte de l'Augurais. He hath had three: the Earl of l'Augurais. N'est il pas fol? Is he not mad? C'est un accident qui luy est arriué. It is an accident that is happened to him. Le second ne s'appelloit il pas Comte d'Alais? Is not the second called Earl of Alais? Le troisiesme qui estoit Evesque d'Agde a quitté la rob, & depuis la mort de feu son pere il s'appelle Duc d'Angoulesme. The third who was Bishop of aged hath quitted the robe, and since the death of his father is called Duke of Angoulesme. Monsieur, il est Gouverneur de Provence, Sir, he is Governor of Provence. Quelle femme a-t-il épousée? What wife hath he? La fille du Comte de Torigny. The daughter of the Earl of Torigny. De quelle maison vient le Duc de Longueville? Of what house cometh the Duke of Longueville? Il vient de la Maison d'Orleans. He cometh of the house of Orleans. N'est il pas Gouverneur de Normandy? Is he not Governor of Normandy? Oüy, il possede cette charge par succession. Yes, he hath that charge by succession. Quelle femme épousa-t-il en premiere nopce? What was his first wife? Les Ducs de Longuevilles, descendent en direct line de Loüis de France, Duc d'Orleans, frere de Charles VI. Of the house of Longueville, descended from the house of Orleans. Combien de Prince's étrangers avez vous? How many Princes that are strangers have you? Nous en avons quantité. We have a great many. Ne sont ils pas nés en France? Are they not born in France? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Pourquoy les appellez vous étrangers? Why do you call them strangers? Parceque leur nom vient d'une maison étrangere. Because their name cometh from a stranger's house. N'avez vous pas une Duchesse de Lorraine à la Cour? Have ye not a Duchess of Lorraine at Court? Oüy Monsieur; elle s'appelle Madame Nicole de Lorraine. Yes Sir, her name is Madam Nicole of Lorraine. Qui estoit son pere? Who was her father? Le feu Duc de Lorraine. The late Duke of Lorraine. Pourquoy n'est elle pas avec son mary? Why is she not with her husband? C'est à cause qu'il la mal traicta. Because he did not use her well. Ne resigna-t-elle pas tout son bien de Lorraine au Roy? Did she not resign all her means in Lorraine to the King? Le Roy luy donne un million deliures tournois de pension. The King giveth her a million of livers tournois for a pension. Monsieur de Guise n'est il pas aussi de la maison de Lorraine? Is not Monsieur of Guise also of the house of Lorraine? Oüy Monsieur, il en est le Chef. Yes, he is the Chief of them. Qui est le grand Chambellan de France? Who is the Chamberle in of France? C'est Loüis de Lorraine Duc de Joyeuse. It is Lewis of Lorraine Duke of Joyeuse. Le Duc de Chevreuse ne l'estoit il pas auparavant? Was not the Duke of Cheureuse Chamberlain before? Quelle femme a-t-il épousée? What wife hath he married? La fille du Duc d'Angoulesme. The daughter of the Duke of Angoulesme. N'y a-t-il pas aussi un des Messieurs de Guise Chevalier de Malthe? Is not one of the Lords of Guise a Knight of Malta? La Reine luy a donné la survivance de son frere. The Queen gave him the survivance of his brother. Mademoiselle de Guise est elle mariée? Is Mademoiselle of Guise married? Elle ne l'est pas encore. She is not yet. Leur mere est elle encore vivante? Is their mother living still? Dequelle famille estoit elle? Of what family was she? Elle estoit fille de Henry de Joyeuse Pair & Maréchal de France. She was daughter to Henry of Joyeuse Peer and Marshal of France. Ne se rendit il pas Capucin? Did he not enter himself a Capuchin? Oüy, & y mourut. Yes, and died there. D'ou est descendu le Duc de Cheureuse? From whence is the Duke of Cheureuse descended? Il est second fils de Henry de Lorraine Duc de Guise. He is second son to Henry of Lorraine Duke of Guise. Quelle femme a-t-il épousée? What wife hath he married? Il a épousé Marie aimée de Rohan fille du Duc de Monbazon, vefue du feu Connestable de Luine. He married Mary aimée of Rohan daughter of the Duke of Mombazon, widow of the Constable of Luine. Et le Duc d'Elbeuf d'ou est il? And the Duke of Elbeuf from whence cometh he? Il est petit fils de René de Lorraine Duc d'Elbeuf, fils de Claude de Lorraine premier Duc de Guise. He is little son to René of Lorraine Duke of Elbeuf, son to Claudius of Lorraine first Duke of Guise. Il a épousé Catherinne Henriete fille naturelle de Henry quatre & foeur du Duc de Vendôme. He hath married Catharine Henrieta the natural daughter of Henry the 4. and sister to the Duke of Vendôme. De quelle maison est le Comte d'Harcour? Of what house is the Earl of Harcourt? Il est de la maison de Lorraine. He is of the house of Lorraine. Il est frere du Duc d'Elbeuf. He is brother to the Duke of Elbeuf. N'a-t-il pas esté Ambassadeur en Angleterre? Was he not Ambassador into England? Est-ce luy qui estoitvice Roy en Catalogne? Is he the same who was vice-King in Catalonia? C'est un grand politic. He is a great politician. Le Marquis de Moüy n'est il pas aussi de la maison de Lorraine? Is not the Marquis of Movy also of the house of Lorraine? Oüy Monsieur, il est fils de Henry de Lorraine. Yes Sir, he is son to Henry of Lorraine. Combien de Princes avez vous de la maison de Savoye? How many Princes have you of the house of Savoy? Nous en avions deux, le feu Duc de Nemours & le Duc d'Aumale. We had two, the late Duke of Nemours and the Duke of Aumale? Ou est le Duc d'Aumale? Where is the Duke of Aumale? Il est Archevesque de Rheins. He is Archbishop of Rheins. Avez vous quelques Princes en France de la maison de Mantoüe? Have you any Princes in France of the house of Mantua? Nous en avions un, qui estoit le Duc de Nevers, qui est allé en Italie prendre possession de la Duché de Mantoüe. We had one, which was the Duke of Nevers, that is gone into Italy, to take possession of the Duchy of Mantua. De quelle maison est la Princess Marie? Of what house is the Princess Mary? Elle est de la maison de Mantoüe. She is of the house of Mantua. Où est elle à present? Where is she now? Elle est mariée au Roy de Pologne. She is married to the King of Poland. Na-t-elle pas un soeur? Hath she not a sister? Oüy Monsieur, qui est la Princess Anne, mariée au Prince Palatin. Yes Sir, the Princess Anna, married with the Prince Palatine. N'avez vous point d'autres Ducs en France? Have you no other Dukes in France? Nous en avons qui possedent des terres qui ont le tître de Principaûté. We have some that do possess lands that have the title of Principalityes. Qui sont ceux là? Who are those? Comme le Prince de Marsillac. As the Prince of Marsillac. Qu'est que c'est que pair de France? What is that Peer of France? Monsieur, c'est une haute dignité dont nos Roys ont honoré les plus grands personnages de leur Estate. Sir, it is a high dignity wherewith our Kings honoured the greatest persons of their State. Quelles sont leurs charges? What are they to do? Il assistent aux Coronnements des Roys. They assist at the conoration of our Kings. On ills scance au Parliament? Do they sit in the Parliament? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Quelles sont leurs fonctions au sacre du Roy? What are their offices at the consecrating of the King? Qui est-ce qui consacre le Roy? Who is it that consecrateth the King? C'est l'Archevesque de Rheins. It is the Archbishop of Rheins. Qui est-ce qui porte la saint Ampoule? Who is it that carrieth the saint Ampoule? C'est l'Evesque de Laon. It is the Bishop of Laon. Qui est-ce qui porte le Sceptre? Who is it that carrieth the Sceptre? C'est l'Evesque de Langres. It is the Bishop of Langres. Qui est-ce qui porte le manteau Royal? Who is it that carrieth the mantle Royal? C'est l'Evesque de Beauvais. It is the Bishop of Beauvais. Et qui est-ce qui porte le baudrier? Who is it it that carrieth the Belt? l'Evesque de Noyon. The Bishop of Noyon. Qui est-ce qui porte la Couronne  & l'épée? Who is it that carrieth the Royal Sword and the Crown? C'est le Duc de Bourgogne. It is the Duke of Burgundy. Le Duc de Guyenne porte la banniere quarrée. The Duke of Guyenne carrieth the banner quarrée, id est, square. Le Duc de Normandie la seconde. The Duke of Normandy the second. Le Comte de Toulouse, les éperons. The Earl of Tholose the spurs. Le Comte de Champagne l'Estandard de guerre. The Earl of Champagne the Standard of war. Avez vous un Duc de Normandy? Have you a Duke of Normandy? Non Monsieur, mais on le represente. No Sir, but they do represent him. Est il uray que les douze Pairs faisoient autre fois le Parliament? Is it true that the twelve Peers did in former time make the Parliament? Le nombre de vos Pairs est il limité? Is the number of your Peers limited? Monsieur, nos Roys de la troisiéme race ont erigé beaucoup de terres en Duchez & Pairies. Sir, our Kings of the 3. race have erected many Lands into Dukedoms. Qui est-ce qui erigea l'Anjou & la Bretagne en Duchez? Who was it that made Anjou and Bretagne Dukedoms? Ce fut Philippe le Bel, 1297. It was Philip the Fair, 1297. Jean 1. erigea en Duchez, Orseans, Tourraine, Auvergne, & Berry, 1350. John the first, Orleans, Touraine, Auvergne, and Berry, 1350. Charles VI Valois, Nemours, 1402. Charles VI Valois, Nemours, 1402. Loüis XII. Longueville. Lewis XII. Longueville. François premier depuis 1515. jusques a 1543. erigea en Duchez, Vendome, Chastelleraut, Angoulesme, Dunois, Guise, Chartres, Nevers, Touteville, Estampes, Montpensier, Beaumond le Vicomte. Francis the first since 1515. till 1543. made these Dukedoms, Vendome, Chastelleraut, Angoulesme, Dunois, Guise, Chartres, Nevers, Touteville, Estampes, Mompensier, Beaumond le Vicomte. Henry second erigea en Duchez, Aumale, Mommorency, Cheureuse Albret, depuis 1547. jusques a 1557. Henry the second, Aumale, Mommorancy, Cheureuse Albret, since 1547. till 1557. Charles IX. Montargiss, Chasteau thierry, Chastillon Sur marne, Espernay, Boissy, Beaupreau, Rovanés, Mercoeur, Ponthiene, Eureux, Usets, Mayenne, depuis 1560. jusques 1573. Charles the 9 Montargiss, Chasteau thierry, Chastillon Sur marne, Espernay, Boissy, Beaupreau, Rovanés Mercoeur, Ponthien, Eureux, Usets, maine, since 1560. till 1573. Henry 3. 1581. Espernon, Piney, Rhetelois, joyeuse, Elbeuf, Raise, Haluin, Montbazon, Ventadour. Henry 3. Espernon, Piney, Rhetelois, joyeuse, Elbeuf, Raise, Halvin, Mombazon, Ventadour. Henry 4. erigea ces terres icy en Duchez: Beauford, Esguillon, Thoüars, la Trimoüille, Roham, Suilly, Fronsaç, Crony, depuis 1597. jusques à 1608. Henry the 4. erected these Lands into Dukedoms: Beauford, Esguillon, Thovars, T●imoüille, Roham, Suilly, Fronsac, Crony, since 1597. till 1608. Loüis 13. d'Anville, Chasteau Rous, les diguieres, Brisac, Luines, Chaulne, Bellegarde, la Valete, la Rochefoucaut, Richelieu, Saint Simon, Crequi, lafoy Force, Schomberg. Lewis 13. Anvil, Chasteau Rous, the Disguieres, Brisac, Luines, Chaulne, Bellegarde, la Valete, la Rochefoucaut, Richelieu, Saint Simon, Crequi, lafoy Force, Schomberg. Quelle charge a le Connestable? What charge hath the Constable? Nous n'en avons plus. We have no more of them. Qui est-ce qui a supprimé cette honourable charge? Who suppressed that honourable charge? Ce fut Loüis 13. par un edict du mois de janvier 1627. It was Lewis the 13. by an edict of the month of lanuary 1627. Quell pouvoir avoit le Connestable? What power had the Constable? Il estoit comme est à present le grand Escuyer. He was the same as now the great Escuyer is. Il avoit séance au Parliament. He did sit in the Parliament. Il marchoit aprés les Princes du sang. He did go after the Princes of the blood. Le Connestable estoit il chef Souverain des Armes de France? Was the Constable chief Souveraign of the Armeys of France? Quell estoit son office, quand le Roy estoit assis sur son lict de justice? What was his office, when the King did sit upon his bed of justice? Il tenoit une espée nüe à la main droicte. He held a naked sword in the right hand. On dit que Monsieur le Prince vouloit que cette charge fust restablie. They say that Monsieur the Prince would have this charge to be reestablished. Il est uray, & ce fut un peu devant son emprisonnement. It is true, and it was a little before his being prisoner. Combien avez vous eu de Connestables en France? How many Constables have you had in France? On en compte 80. selon les meilleurs historiens. They reckon 80. according to the best historians. Qu'entendez vous par Maréchal de France? What do you mean by Marshal of France? Monsieur, c'est une haute dignité que le Roy donne au Generaux d'Armée. Sir, it is a high dignity that the King giveth the General of the Army. Cette charge est elle ancienne? Is that charge ancient? Elle est depuis Clovis. It is since Clovis. C'estoient autre fois les Lieutenants des connestables. They were in former time the Lieutenants of the constables. Combien en avez vous? How many have you of them? Au commencement nous n'en avions que deux, mais à cette heure le nombre n'en est pas limité. In the beginning we had but two of them, but now the number is not limited. Comment appellez vous ceux qui sont à present vivants? How do you call those that are now living? Le Maréchal de la Force, d'Estrée, de Schomberg, de la Milleraye, de Grammont, de la moth Haudencour, de l'Hopital, de Turenne, du Plessis Praslin, de ville Roy, d'Aumont, d'Etampes, de la Ferté Seneterre, d'Ocquincour, de Grancey. The Marshal de la Force, etc. Vous ne parlez point des autres Maréchaux, de chaune, de Chastillon, de Bassompierre, de Brezé, du Maréchal Gassion, de Rantzau. You do not speak of the other Marshals, de Chaunes, de Chastillon, de Bassompierre, de Bresé, de Gassion, de Rantzau. Monsieur, ils sont morts. Sir, they are dead. Ces charges sont elles hereditaires? Are these places hereditary? Non. No. Leur peut on oster? Can they be taken from them? Non, qu'en leur ostant la vie. No, but in taking away their life. Quell âge a le Maréchal de la Force? What age is the Marshal de la Force of? Il a 90. il épousa en premiere nopce la fille du feu Maréchal de Byron. He is 90. he married for his first wife the daughter of Martial Byron. De quelle famille est le Maréchal d'Estrée? Of what family is Marshal d'Estrée? Il est fils d'Anthoine d'Estrée Chevalier des ordres du Roy. He is son to Anthony d'Estrée Knight of the King's orders. Et le Maréchal de Schomberg? And Marshal Schomberg? Il est fils de Henry de Schomberg aussi Maréchal de France. He is son to Henry of Schomberg Martial of France. D'ou est descendu le Maréchal de la Milleraye? From whence is descended the Marshal de Milleraye? Il est descendu d'une maison de Poictou, & estoit cousin du cardinal Richelieu. He is descended from a house of Poictou; he was cousin to cardinal Richelieu. Le Maréchal de Grammont ne s'appelloit il pas auparavant le Maréchal de Guiche? Was not Marshal Grammont called before Martial de Guiche? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Qui est le Maréchal de l'Hopital? What is Marshal l'Hopitall? Monsieur, il est originaire de Calabre, d'une tres illustre maison; il s'appelloit autrefois Monsieur du Hallier. Sir, he is originally of Calabria, of a most illustrious house; he was called in former time Monsieur du Hallier. I'ay oüy tant parler de la moth Haudencour, d'ou est il? I have heard often of moth Haudencourt, who is he? Monsieur, c'est un Gentilhomme de Picardy, qui s'est acquis cét honneur par l'épée. Sir, he is a Gentleman of Picardy, who hath gotten that honour by the sword. je vous prie, dites moy qui est le Maréchal de Turenne? I pray you tell me what is Martial Turenne? Il est fils du feu Duc du Boüillon, & d'Elisabeth de Nassau, fille de Guillaume Prince d'Orange & de Charlotte de Bourbon sa femme. He is son to the late Duke of Bovillon, and of Elisabeth of Nassaw, daughter to William Prince of Orange, and of Charlote of Bourbon his wife. Ou s'est il acquis cette belle charge? Where did he get himself that noble charge? Verb. where hath he to himself acquired that charge? En Allemagne. In Germany. Quelle femme a-t-il épousée? What wife hath he married? Mademoiselle de la Force. Mademoiselle de la Force. C'est le frere unique du Duc du Boüillon. He is the only brother to the Duke of Bovillon. Nous n'avons rien dit du Maréchal du Plessis Praslin. We have said nothing of Marshal du Plessis Praslin. Il est de la maison de Choiseul en Champagne: il a gaigné cét honneur en Italie à la prise de Rose. He is of the house of Choiseul in Champagne: he got that honour in Italy at the taking of Rosa. De quelle famille est le Maréchal de Villeroy? Of what family is Marshal de Villeroy? Il est fils de feu Monsieur de Villeroy premier Ministre d'Estat sous Henry 4. He is son to the late Monsieur Villeroy first Minister of State under Henry 4. De quelle maison est le Maréchal d'Hocquincour? Of what house is Marshal d'Hocquincourt? Il est d'une tres ancienne maison de Picardy. He is of one of the most ancient houses of Picardy. Y-a-t-il long temps qu'il est Maréchal de France? Hath he been long Marshal of France? Il y a quatre ans. Four years. Est il encore Gouverneur de Peronne? Is he still Governor of Peronne? S'est il accommodé avec la cour? Hath he made his peace with the Court? Verb. hath be accommodated? Ne s'estoit pas détaché des interests du Roy? Had he not abandoned the King's interest? Verbatim, had he not untied himself from the interest of the King? A-t-il rendu Peronne au Roy? Hath he surrendered Peronne to the King? Oüy Monsieur, tout est accommodé. Yes Sir, all is agreed. Vous ne m'avez rien dit du Maréchal de Grancé. You have said nothing to me of Martial de Grancé. Son pere est Gouverneur de Vernüeil au Perche. His father is Governor of Vernüeil in Perche. Le Maréchal de Gassion estoit tres vaillant. Marshal Gassion was very valiant. Monsieur, c'estoit l'nonneur de son temps. Sir, he was the honour of his time. Où fut il tué? Where was he killed? Il fut tüé en Flanders. He was killed in Flanders. C'estoit un second Prince de Condé. He was a second Prince of Condé. Le Prince luy doit la plus part de ses victoires. The Prince oweth him the most part of his victories. Quelle est la charge du Chancelier? What is the charge of the Chancellor? Le Chancelier preside dans tous les conseils du Roy, comme chef de la justice. The Chancellor doth preside in all the King's Counsels as chief of the justice. Garde till le grand sceau? Doth he keep the great seal? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Est-ce luy qui scéelle toutes les letters? Is it he that sealeth all the letters? Combien a-t-il d'officiers sous luy? How many officers hath he under him? Les Secretaires du Roy, les 4. grand audienciers de France, 4. controlleurs Generaux, 4. guards des offices de France, 4. guard quittance, un Thresorier du sceau, les Maistres de requests. He hath the King's Secretaries, 4. great Audiencers of France, 4. Controllers, four keepers of the offices of France, 4. guards of the acquittance, a Treasurer of the Seal, the Masters of requests. On m'a dit que le Chancelier ne porte jamais le düeil. They say that the Chancellor is never in mourning? Monsieur il est uray, ny pour pere, ny pour mere, ny pour le Roy mesme. Sir it is true, nor for father, nor for mother, nor for the King himself. Quand les Estates Generaux son assemblez que faict il? When the General assembly meet, what doth he? C'est luy qui expose les volontez du Roy, & est assis devant sa Majeste à main gauche. It is he that declareth the King's will, and sitteth before his Majesty on the left hand. Il peut démettre tout juge qui aura mal versé. He can turn away any judge that is in fault. Comment est il habillé? How is he clothed? Il porte une robbe de velour noir. He weareth a robe of black velvet. Qui est-ce qui institua cette charge? Who was it that instituted that charge? Ce fut Clotaire 1. le premier Chancelier fut Bodin 562. It was Clotair the 1. the first Chancellor was Bodin. Qu'appelles' vous garde des sceaux? What do you mean by keeper of the seal? Monsieur, c'est une charge qui est la mesme que celle du Chancellier; mais seulement on peut luy oster, mais au Chancelier on ne le peut sans luy oster la vie. Sir, it is a charge that is the same with that of the Chancellor; but only they can take it away from him, but from the Chancellor not without taking his life. N'est-ce pas Monsieur le President Mollé qui est garde des sceaux? Is it not Monsieur the Precedent Molle who is keeper of the seal? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Le Comte de Servient ne l'estoit il pas auparavant luy? Was it not the Earl of Servient that was before? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Parlons de vostre grand Amiral. Let us speak of your great Admiral. Quand commença l'Amirauté? When began the Admiralty? Sous Charles Magne. Under Charles the great. Qui est à present Amiral? Who is now Admiral? C'est le Duc de Vendôme. The Duke of Vendôme. Qui l'estoit auparavant? Who was before him? C'estoit le Cardinal de Richelieu. It was Cardinal Richelieu. Il a la dixiéme party du batin qui est pris sur la mer. He hath the tenth part of the prizes taken at Sea. Qui est-ce qui aura la survivance? Who shall have the Survivance or succession? Ce sera Monsieur de Beauford. It will be Monsieur de Beauford. Qui est-ce qui est Colonel de l'Infanterie? Who is he that is Colonel of the Infantry? C'est Monsieur Bernard de Nogaret, & de la Valette, Duc d'Epernon. It is Monsieur Bernard of Nogaret, and of lafoy Valette, Duke of Espernon. Cette charge est tres considerable. That charge is very considerable. Le Duc d'Espernon n'est pas amy des Bourdelois. The Duke of Espernon is no friend to those of Bourdeaux. Le Colonel de l'Infanterie faict publier toutes les ordonnances de guerre. The Colonel of the Infantry causeth all the ordinances of war to be published. Comment appellez vous le grand maistre de l'artillery? How do you call the great Master of the Artillery? C'est le fils du Maréchal de la Milleraye. He is son to the Marshal de la Milleraye. Qu'appellez vous grand Maistre de France? What mean you by great Master of France? C'est le premier de la maison du Roy. He is the first of the King's household. Il commande à tous les officers domestics. He commandeth all the officers domestic. Commande-t-il aux Ecclesiastiques aussi? Doth he command also the ecclesiastics? Non Monsieur. No Sir. Qui estoit grand Maistre il ya 4. ans? Who was great Master four years ago? C'estoit Monsieur le Prince de Condé. It was Monsieur the Prince of Condé. C'est une grande charge. It is a great charge. Que faict il quand le Roy est mort? What doth he when the King is dead? Il rompt son baston, & promet auk officers de les recommander au nouveau Roy. He breaketh his staff, and promiseth the officers to recommend them to the new King. Quand le Roy est mort, les officers perdent ils leurs places? When the King is dead, do the officers lose their places? Monsieur, le Roy ne meurt jamais en France, les offices ne se perdent pas. Sir, the King never dyeth in France, the offices are not lost. Le grand Maistre a commandement sur tous les officiers de la maison du Roy. The grand Master hath command over all the officers of the King's house. Il en faict un Estat tous les ans. He maketh an Estate of them every year. Il reçoit le serment des offlciers tous les ans. He receiveth an oath of the officers every year. Qui est à present le grand Chambellan? Who is the great Chamberlain at present? C'est Monsieur le Duc de Joyeuse. The Duke of Joyeuse. Que faict il? What doth he do? Il doit coucher aux piés du Roy en l'absence de la Rhine. He ought to lie at the King's feet in the absence of the Queen. Il a surintendance sur tous les officiers de la chambre du Roy. He hath the superintendency over all the officers of the King's Chamber. Il est assis aux piés du Roy quand il tient son lict de justice. He sitteth at the King's feet when he sitteth upon his bed of justice. Le jour du sacre du Roy il tire les bottinnes de sa Majesté. The day of the King's consecration he pulls of the King's boots. Il a eu autre fois plus de pouvoir qu'il n'a. He hath had in former time more power than he hath now. Quelle est la charge du grand Escuyer? What is the charge of the great Esquire? Il a surintendance sur tous les officiers des écuries du Roy. He hath a command over all the officers of the King's stables. Aux entrées du Roy le grand Escuyer march devant le Roy, ayant l'espée au fourreau de velours blu, avec des fleurs de lys, ou il y a un Parliament. At the King's entrance the great Esquire goeth before the King, having the sword in the scabbard of velvet, with flowers de lys, where there is a Parliament. Qui est-ce qui possede aujourd'huy cette charge? Who hath that charge at present? C'est Monsieur le Comte d'Harcour. The Earl of Harcourt. Comment s'appelle le grand Ausmonier? How call you the great Almoner? Monsieur, nous n'en avons pas à present. Sir, we have none at present. Le grand Aumosnier a pouvoir sur tous les officers ecclesiastics. The great Almoner hath power over all the Ecclesiastical officers. Qui est à cette heure grand Eschanson? Who is at present grand Eschansson? C'est le Comte de Marans. The Earl of Marans. Cette charge n'est plus si considerable qu'elle a esté autre fois. That charge is not so considerable now as it was formerly. Vous avez aussi un grand Panetier. You have also a great Panetier. C'est un office tres ancient. It is a very ancient office. Que faict il? What doth he do? Autre fois il mettoit le prix au blé; à present aujour des bonnes festes i'll met le couvert du Roy. In former time he did set a price on the corn; at present upon holy days he covereth the King's table. Qui est-ce qui possede cette charge? Who hath that charge? Elle est vacant. It is vacant. C'estoit le Duc de Brisac. It was the Duke of Brisac. Parlons un peu du grand Veneur. Let us speak a little of the great Veneur. Il a surintendance sur tous les officiers de la Venery. He hath the overseeing of all the officers of hunting. Qui est il aujourd'huy? Who has that place at present? C'est le Duc de Mombazon. The Duke of Montbazon. Monsieur de Monbazon esoit auparavant Gouverneur de Paris. Monsieur de Montbazon was heretofore Governor of Paris. C'est le Maréchal de l'Hopital qui l'est à cette heure. It is Marshal l'Hopitall who is now. Qui est le grand Fauconnier? Who is the great Falconer. C'est le Comte des Marets. The Earl of Marais. Il a surintendance sur la fauconnerie du Roy. He hath charge over the King's faulconry. Qu'appellez vous grand Louvetier? What do you mean by great Louvetier? Il a surintendance sur la chasse du loup. He hath charge over the hunters of wolves. C'est à present Monsieur du Perré. It is now Monsieur du Perré. Qui est le grand Maistre des eaux & forests? What is the great Master of the waters and forests? C'est celuy qui a droict de juger des abus qui se font dans les forests du Roy. He who hath power to judge of the abuses that are commited in the King's forests. Combien y en a-t-il? How many have ye of them? Quatre. Four. Qu'appellez vous le grand Prevost de l'hostel? What is he that you call the great Provost of the Hostel? Le grand Prevost juge les choses civiles & criminelles de ceux qui suivent la Cour. The great Provost adjudgeth the  and criminal matters of those that follow the Court. C'est luy qui met le prix au blé, à la chair, au vin, pour les gens du Roy, & a sa jurediction sur tous marchand's, cabaretiers suivant la Cour. It is he that setteth the price upon corn, meat, & wine for the officers of the King he hath also jurisdiction over all merchants, and tavern-keepers following the Court. Il a deux Lieutenants & 50. Archers. He hath two Lieutenants & 50. Archers. Qui est-ce qui possede cette charge? Who is it that hath that place? C'est le Marquis de Souche. The Marquis of Souch. Qui est-ce qui la possedoit auparavant? Who had it before? C'estoit Monsieur le Maréchal d'Hocquincour. It was Monsieur the Marshal d'Hocquincourt. Cette charge est elle de grand revenu? Is it a place of great revenue? Elle vaut soixante mille liures de rent. It is worth fifty thousand francs. Qui est le Maistre des Ceremonies? Who is the Master of the Ceremonies? C'est Monsieur le Comte de Brullon. Monsieur the Earl of Brullon. Parlons un peu du grand Voyer. Let us discourse a little of the great Voyer. Nous n'en avons plus. We have no such now. Sont-ce des gens de qualité qui sont Domestiques du Roy? Are they persons of quality that are the King's Domestics? Les charges se vendent ? Are the offices sold? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Combien le Roy a-t-il d'officiors' ecclesiastics? How many Ecclesiastical officers hath the King? Il a le grand Aumônier. He hath the great Almoner. Il a son confesseur nommé le pere Paulin jesuiste. He hath his confessor, father Paulin the jesuite. Qui sont les autres? Who are the rest? Le onfesseur commun, huict Aûmosniers servants par quartier. The common Confessor, 8. Almoners waiting by the quarter. Le Roy a-t-il aussi des Predicateurs? Hath the King any preachers? Il en a douze, un Maistre de l'Oratoire, 8. Chapellains. He hath twelve, one Master of the Oratory, 8. Chaplains. Parlons des officers' laics. Let us speak of his lay-officers. Le premier est le grand Maistre de France, dont nous avons parlé cy devant. The first is the grand Master, of whom we have spoken before. Qui est le premier maistre d'nostel? Who is the chief Steward? C'est le Marquis de Veruins. The Marquis of Veruins. Et le mayst d'hostel ordinaire s'appelle Monsieur Sanguine. The ordinary Steward is called Monsieur Sanguine. Combien y-a-t-il de Mistress d'Hostel? How many Stewards are there? Il y en a 170. mais il n'y en déuroit avoir que douze. 170. But there ought to be but twelve. Ils servent par quartier, & reçoivent tous leurs gauges. They serve by the quarter, and receive wages. Pour quoy y en a-t-il tant? Why are they so many? Un chaqu'un achepte un office pour s'exempter de la taille. Every one will buy an office to be exempted from the tax. Quelle est la marque de leur authorité? What is the badge of their authority? Ils portent un grand baste on garny d'argent par les deux bouts. They carry a great staff tipped with silver at the two ends. Et marchent devant les Gentishommes servants. And walk before the Gentlemen servants. Qui est le premier trenchant? Who is the first carver? C'est Monsieur de Rhodes. It is Monsieur de Rhodes. Qui sont les quatre premiers Gentis-hommes de sa chambre? Who are the four first Gentlemen of the chamber? Le premier est le Marquis de Sovuray, le second le Marquis de Mottemart, le troisiesme le Duc de Crequy, le quatriéme le Comte saint Agnan. The first is the Marquis of Sovuray, the second the Marquis of Montemar, the third the Duke of Crequy, the fourth the Earl of Saint Agnan. Qui sont les 4. grands Maistres de la garderobbe du Roy? Which are the four Masters of the King's ward robe? Le 1. le Marquis de la Force, le 2. le Marquis de Rambovillet, le 3. le Marquis de Roquelore, le 4. le Marquis de Monglas. The first the Marquis de la Force, the 2. the Marquis of Rambovillet, the 3. the Marquis of Roquelore, the 4. the Marquis of Monglas. Il y a un nombre infiny d'autres officers. There is an infinite number of other officers. Parlons des gardes du Roy. Let us speak of the King's guards. Le Roy a cent Gentishommes qui vont devant sa Majesté és jours de Ceremonies. The King hath a hundred Gentlemen that go before his Majesty upon days of Ceremony. Quand il se donne un combat, ils se ●●ennent auprés du Roy. In any fight they keep near the King. Combien avez vous de regiments des guards? How many regiments of guard have you? Nous en avons deux, composés de Swisses & François. We have two, composed of French and Swissers. Le regiment de François est composé de 30. compaguys. The regiment of Frenchmen is composed of 30. companies. Combien y-a till d'hommes en chaque compagnie? How many men are there in each company? Il y en a deux cents. There are two hundred. Et celuy des Swisses? And that of the Suitzers? Il est compose de 16. compagnies. It is composed of 16. companies. Les compagnies sont elles aussi de deux cents hommes? Have the companies also two hundred men? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Les soldats du regiment des gardes sont ils bien faicts? Are the soldiers of the regiments of guard men of fashion? C'estoyent autre fois Gentishommes cadets; mais à cette heure on y reçoit tout le monde. They were in former time all Gentlemen younger brothers; but now every one is entertained. Deux compagnies gardent tous les jours le Roy. Two companies keep guard every day about the King. Qui sont les Capitaines des guards Françoises? Who are the Captains of the King's French guards? Le Marquis de Géure, le Maréchal d'Hocquincour, le Marechal d'Aumont, le Comte de Charost. The Marquis of Géures, the Marshal d'Hocquincour, the Marshal d'Aumont, the Earl of Charost. Le Roy a aussi cent Swisses qui font garde dans la Cour du Roy. The King hath also a hundred Suitzers that keep his Court. [I mean the yard.] Il y a aussi une compagnie de Gendarmes de 200. masters, qui servent par quartier. There is also a company of soldiers. Verbatim, people of Arms, of 200. masters that serve by the quarter. Il y a aussi une Compagnie de chevaux legers de 200. masters: leur Lieutenant est le Maréchal de Scomberg. There is also a company of light horses of 200. masters: their Lieutenant is the Marshal Schomberg. Combien a-t-il de compagnies des gardes du corpse? How many companies hath he that guard his body? Il en a quatre: la premiere est écossoise, elle s'appelle garde de la manche. There are four: the first is Scotch, it is called guard of the Manche, that is, of the sleeve. Qui est le Capitaine des Escois? Who is Captain of the Scotch guards? C'est Monsieur de Chandemer. Monsieur Chandenier. Monsieur, combien avez vous de generalitez? How many generalities have you? Monsieur, nous en avons 22. Sir, we have two and twenty. 1. La generalité de Nante payetous les ans au Roy cinq cents, quatre vingt deux mille, six cents, treize liures tournois. 1. The generality of Nantes giveth every year to the King five hundred eighty two thousand six hundred and thirteen livers tournois. 2. Celle de Montpellier, deux millions, sept cents vingt deux mille, neuf cents, soixante & une liure, dix huict solz, trois deniers. 2. That of Mompellier, two millions, seven hundred two and twenty thousand nine hundred three score and one liver, 18. pence, six deniers. 3. Celle de Toulouse, se monte à dixhuict cents douze mille, quatre vingt, sept liures, dix huict solz. 3. That of Tholouse, one million, eight hundred and twelve thousand four score and seven livers, 18. pence. 4. Celle de Dijon six cents, vingt neuf mille, trois cents, soixante & dixneuf liures, cincq solz, dix deniers. 4. That of Dijon, six hundred twenty nine thousand three hundred three score and nineteen livers, five pence, six deniers. 5. Celle de Grenoble, treize cents vingt trois mills, neuf cents quarante deux liures, treize solz. 5. That of Grenoble, one million three hundred twenty three thousand nine hundred forty two livers, 13. pence. 6. Celle d'Aix, trois cents quinze mille, cent quatre vingt liures. 6. That of Aix, three hundred and fifteen thousand one hundred and forty livers. 7. La generalité de Paris donne au Roy cinq millions de liures tournois, cent trente neuf mille, six cents trente neuf, liures. 7. The generality of Paris gives to the King 5. millions of francs one hundred thirty nine thousand six hundred thirty nine livers. Monsieur, combien, vault un million de liures tournois? Sir, what is a million of livers that you call tournois worth? Il vaut quatre vingt cinq mille pieces d'Angleterre. Sir, they are worth four score thousand English pieces. 8. Celle d'Orleans, trois millions trois cents quatre vingt six mille, soixante cinq liures seize solz. 8. That of Orleans, three millions three hundred four score and six thousand three score and five livers, 16. pence. 9 Celle de Moulins, dix neuf cents, quatre vingt deux mille 78 3. livres. 9 That of Moulins, one million nine hundred four score and two thousand seven hundred four score and three livers. 10. Celle d'Alençon, deux millions, deux cents douze mille, quatre cent dix sept liures. 10. That of Alencon, two millions two hundred twelve thousand four hundred and seventeen livers. 11. Celle de Chalons, treize cents, cinquante cinq mille, neufcens soxiante liures. 11. That of Chalons, one million three hundred fifty five thousand nine hundred & three score francs. 12. Celle de Soissons, quatorze cents, vingt & un mille, deux cents vingt deux liures, dix neuf solz. 12. That of Soissons, one million four hundred one and twenty thousand two hundred two and twenty francs, nineteen pence. 13. Celle de Roüen, trois millions, cent cinquante mille liures, vingt sept liures, dix solz. 13. That of Roüen, three millions one hundred and fifty thousand livers, seven and twenty francs, ten pence. 14. Celle de Caen, deux millions, deux cents soixante & quinze mille, soixante cinq liures, quatre solz. 14. Caen, two millions two hundred seventy five thousand sixty five livers, four pence. 15. Celle de Limoge, deux millions, trois cents, trente huict mille, cent treize livres, quatorze solz, deux deniers. 15. That of Lymoges, two millions three hundred thirty eight thousand one hundred and thirteen livers, fourteen pence, two deniers. 16. Celle de Poitiers, deux millions, deux cents vingt mille, trois cents soixante ce douze liures. 16. That of Poitiers, two millions two hundred and twenty thousand three hundred three score and twelve livers. 17. Celle de Bourges, onze cents; soixante & dix sept mille, six cents cinquante sept liures, six solz, fix deniers. 17. That of Bourges, one million one hundred three score and seventeen thousand six hundred seven and fifty livers, six pence, six deniers. 18. Celle de Rion, deux millions, huict cents, quatre vingt dix sept mille, sept cents onze liures dix solz. 18 That of Rion, two millions eight hundred ninety seven thousand seven hundred eleven livers, ten pence. 19 Celle de Bourdeaux, trois millions, cent quatre vingts mille, trois cents soixante treize liures neuf solz. 19 That of Bourdeaux, three millions an hundred and four score thousand three hundred seventy and three livers. Celle de Montauban, trois millions deux cents soixante & onze mille soixante & quinze liures, dix solz. That of Montauban, three millions two hundred seventy one thousand and seventy one livers, ten pence. 20. Celle d'Amiens cinq cens, cinquante cinq mille deux cents cinquante liures. 20. That of Amiens, five hundred fifty five thousand two hundred and fifty livers. 21. Celle de Tours, un million quatre mille, quatre cents dix liures. 21. That of Tours, one million four thousand four hundred and ten livers, six deniers. 22. Celle de Lion, dix neuf cens quatre vingt dix sept mille, sept cens soixante & quatorze liures sept solz. 22. That of Lions, one million nine hundred four score and seventeen thousand seven hundred seventy four livers, seven pence. Les tailles de ces generalitez se montent à cinquante millions, trois cents cinquanteneuf mille, deux cents huict liures, neuf solz dix deniers. The tallies or taxes of these Generalities come to 50. millions, three hundred fifty nine thousand two hundred & eight francs, nine pence, six deniers. A combien se monte le revenu de la Gabelle? What cometh the revenue of the Gabel to? à vingt millions, trois cents mille, quatre cents, liures tournois. To twenty millions three hundred thousand four hundred livers. Et le Roy encore outre cela leve tous les ans 30. millions. And the King beside that raiseth every year 30. millions. Combien avez vous d'Archeveschez & Esvechez? How many Archbishoprics and Bishoprics have ye? Nous en avons cent onze. We have an hundred and eleven. Combien avez vous de Parlements? How many Parliaments? Nous en avons dix. We have ten. Le Parlement de Paris, le Parlement de Toulouse, le Parlement de Roüen, celuy de Grenoble, Bourdeaux, Dijon, Aix, Rennes, Pau, Mets. The Parliament of Paris, of Tholouse, or Roam, of Grenoble, Bourdeaux, Dijon, Aix, Rennes, Pau, Mets. Qui est le plus ancient? Which is the most ancient? C'est le Parlement de Paris. The Parliament of Paris. Qui est-ce qui institua le Parlement de Paris? Who first instituted the Parliament of Paris? Ce fut Pepin l'an 577. It was Pepin, in the year 577. Qui fut ce qui le rendit sédentaire? Who was the first that caused it to fit. Philippe le Belgiosa Philip the Fair. Thoulouse par Philippe le Bel 1302. Tholouse by Philip the Fair. Roüen par Charles VII. 1443. Rouen by Charles VII. 1443. De Grenoble par Charles VII. 1453. Grenoble by Charles VII. 1453. Le Parlement de Bourdeaux par Loüis XII. 1542. The Parliament of Bourdeaux by Lewis XII. 1542. Celuy de Dijon par Loüis onze 1476. That of Dijon by Lewis the XI. 1476. Le Parlement d'Aix par Loüis XII. 1501. The Parliament of Aix by Lewis the XII. 1501. Le Parlement de Rennes par Henry 2. l'an 1553. The Parliament of Rennes by Henry the 2. Pau, par Henry quatre. Pau by Henry the 4. Mets institue par Loüis XIII. Mets instituted by Lewis XIII. Dans le Parlement il y a premierement une grande chambre, qui juge des choses de consequences. In the Parliament there is first a grand chamberlain, which judgeth of things of consequence. Où il y a quatre Presidents & 24. conseillers, cinq chambres des enquests, lafoy Tournelle, la chambre de l'edict. There are four Precedents, 24. Counselors, five chambers of Inquests, the Tournelle, the chamber of the edict. La chambre des edicts est composée d'un President au mortier & de 16. conseillers des grandes chambres, & chambres des enquests. The chamber of the edict is composed of a Precedent to the mortar and of 16. consellours, Les Evesques on't ils séance dans le Parliament? Have the Bishops a place in the Parliament? Non Monsieur, il n'y a que l'Archevesque de Paris & l'Abbé de saint Denis. No Sir, only the Archbishop of Paris, and the Abbot of saint Denis. Qu'appellez vous President au mortier? What do you mean by the Precedent to the mortar? Ce sont ceux qui representent les anciens Ducs & Pairs de France. They are those that represent the ancient Dukes and Peers of France. Qui est le premier Precedent? Who is the first Precedent? C'est Monsieur le Bailleuf. It is Monsieur le Bailleuf. Le Parlement est il composé de plusieurs membres? Is the Parliament composed of many members? à ce que je vois c'est un auguste Parliament. As far as I can see it is a noble Parliament. Monsieur, autres fois tous les Roys de la Chrestienté y envoyoient décider leurs differents. Sir, in former times all the Kings of Christendom did send to decide their differences there. Monsieur, je vous remercie de vostre bonne instruction; vous m'avez fort obligé. Sir, I thank you for your good instruction; you have obliged me much. Monsieur, d'ou est Monsieur de Barriere? Sir, what countryman is Monsieur Barriere? Il est François. He is a French man. D'ou est il descendu? Of what house is he? Verbatim, from whence is he descended? Monsieur, il est descendu de la maison de Rohan. Sir, he is descended from the house of the Duke of Rouen. N'est il pas aussi cousin des Comtes de Perigor? Is he not kinsman to the Earl of Perigort? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Il est d'une tres noble famille. He is of a most noble family. Il est de la maison des Comtes d'Angoulesme. He is of the house of the Earl of Angoulesme. Est-ce un homme d'épée? Is he a swordman? Oüy Monsieur, il a esté Maréchal de Camp, & a commandé quatre ou cinq mille hommes. Yes Sir, he hath been a Matshall of the Camp, that is a Major General: he hath commanded four or five thousand men. Monsieur, je vous prie de me dire comme la justice est reiglée en France. Sir, I pray you tell me how justice is regulated in France. Avez vous quatre terms, comme nous? Have you four terms, as we have? Nous plaidons en tous temps. We plead at all times of the year. je vous raconteray tout. I will tell you all. Dans chaque ville deslection nous avons des juges, des confeillers, un Advocat du Roy, un Procureur du Roy, des Advocats, & Procurcurs, des Greffiers. In each town of election we have judges, counsellors, an Advocate of the Kings, an attorney of the Kings, Advocats, attorneys and scriveners, [Greffers.] Peuvent ils juger une cause? Can they judge a cause? Oüy, mais non pas en dernier resort, car on en peut rappeller au Parliament. Yes, but not finally determine it, for they can appeal to the Parliament. Le Parliament juge-t-il en dernier resort? Doth the Parliament give the last determiantion in a cause? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Nous avons aussi des Vicomtes, des Senechaux, des Esleus, des Baillifs, & des grands Provosts, qui ont charge de prendre les criminels. We have also Vicountes, seneschals, Elects, Bailiffs, & great Provosts, that have the commission to apprehend the guilty. Parlons un peu de la recepte des déniers du Roy. Let us speak a little of the receipt of the King's money. Monsieur, dans chaque ville d'élection, il y a un receveur General, & un receveur de Gabelle, & dans tous les villages il y a quatre collecteurs païsans qui reçoivent l'argent. Sir, in each town of election there is a receiver General, & a receiver of the gabel, and in all the villages there are four collectors that receive the money. Avez vous un Major, comme nous? Have you a Mayor? Monsieur, premierement nous avons un Gouverneur de ville, un Lieutenant Gouverneur, un Lieutenant General, un Lieutenant civil, un Lieutenant criminel des eschevins. Sir, first we have a Governor of the town, a Lieutenant Governor, a Lieutenant General, a Lieutenant civil, a Lieutenant criminal, and some Eschevins or Aldermen. Avez vous des Connestables, comme nous? Have ye Constables, as we have? Nous avons des Archers & Sergeants. We have Archers and Bailiffs. Ic croy que vous avez un grand nombre d'officiers de la justice. I believe you have a great many officers of justice in France. Il est uray. It is true. Nous avons oublié a parler du conseil du Roy. We forget to speak of the King's counsel. Monsieur, il est composé des plus grands personnages de France. Sir, it is composed of the greatest persons in France. Un Ministre d'Estat a-t-il un grand revenu? Hath a Minister of State a great revenue? Il a six, ou sept cents mille liures. He hath six or seven hundred thousand livers. Vous avez aussi des financiers. You have also treasurers called financiers. Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Vostre Roy est le plus riche du monde, s'il est fidelement servy. Your King is the richest King in all the world if he be faithfully served. A-t-il des forces considerables? Hath he considerable forces? Il a tousjours, tant au regiment des guards, qu'en toutes les garnisons en Catologne, Flanders, & par toutes les Provinces, & dans la flotte, cent cinquante mille hommes. He hath always in his regiment of guards, in all his garrisons in Catalonia, Flanders, & several Provinces, together with the fleet, an hundred and fifty thousand men. Croyez vous qu'on fasse la paix avec l'Espagne? Do you think he will make peace with Spain? Il n'y a que Dieu qui le sçache. There is none but God that knoweth. La querelle est fort inveterée, il y aura grande difficulté. The quarrel is inveterate, it will be very difficult to do it. 
Fin de l'Estat de France.   
Phrases pour un Estranger, quand il abbor de à deep. Phrases to be used by a Stranger when he landeth at deep. MOn maistre que demandent ces hommes là? MAster, what would those men have? Verbatim, my Master what demand those men? Monsieur, ils nous vont porter à board. Sir, they come to carry us to the shore. Verbatim, they us go carry. Ne pouvons nous pas abborder sans eux? Cannot we land without them? Non la mer est tropbasse, nous demeurerions trop long temps. No, the Sea is too low; we should tarry too long. Combien leur faut il donner? How much must we give them? Verbatim, how much then give. Combien demandez vous, mes amis, pour nous mettre à board? Friends, how much do you ask to set us on shore? Donnez nous à chaqu'un quatre francs. Give each of us four franks. Mon amy, je sçay ce qu'on vous donne, vous aurez vingt sols. My friend, I know what they give; you shall have twenty sols. Entrés Messieurs. Step in Sirs. Venés vous d'Angleterre Messieurs? Come you from England? Oüy mon amy. Yes, friend. Quelles nouvelles de ce païs là? What news of that Country? Toutes bonnes nouvelles. All good News. Allons Messieurs, payez. Come Sirs, pay ye. Verbatim, go pay ye. Tenez l'homme, voila pour moy. Hold man there's for me. Monsieur il faut davantage. Sir, I must have more. Verb. it must more. Pourquoy me demandez vous davantage? vous n'aurez que cela. Why do you demand of me more? you shall have no more. Verb. but that. Laissés mes hards, un seul les portera bien. Let my things alone, one will carry them well. Combien demandez vous pour porter mes hardes en mon logis? What shall I give you to carry my things to my lodging? Verbatim, how much do you demand? Où est il Monsieur? Where is it Sir? Attendez un peu, je vous le diray. Stay a little, I will tell you. Monsieur, où est le meilleur logis de Diépe? Sir, where is the best lodging in deep? Verb. of. Monsieur, c'est au Prince d'Orange, ou à la teste du Roy d'Angleterre, ou aux Arms d'Escosse. Sir, it is at the Prince of Orange, or at the King of England's Head, or at the Scotch Arms. Mon amy menez moy à la teste du Roy d'Angleterre. Friend, bring me to the King of England's head. Verbat. carry me. Monsieur, accordons de prix. Sir, let me first know what I shall have. Verbat. let us agree of price. je vous donneray six sols. I will give you six sols. Monsieur je ne le sçaurois saire pour si peu, donnez m'en sept. Sir, I cannot do it for so little, give me seven. Allons prenez mes hards. Well, take up my things. Y-a-t-il loin d'icy? Is it far from hence? Non Monsieur, nous y voicy. No Sir, we are upon it. Comment appellez vous l'nostesse? How do you call the Landlady? Madame voila un Gentilhomme qui demande si vous pouvez le loger? Mistress, here is a Gentleman who desires to know if you can lodge him? Monsieur entrez s'il vous playst. Sir come in, if it please you. Madame, on m'a recommandé vostre maison. Mistress, one hath commended me to your house. Monsieur vous estes bien venu. You are welcome Sir. Servant, monstrez une chambre à Monsieur. Maid, show this Gentleman a Chamber. Voulés vous passer quelque temps en cette ville? Will you stay any time in this City? Madame je n'en suis pas asseuré. Truly Mistress I am not sure of it. Il n'importe Monsieur, vous serés bien receu. It is no matter you shall be well received. Qui est celuy qui vous a recommandé mon logis? Who is he who recommended you to my house? Madame ç'a esté un François. Madam it hath been a Frenchman. A quelle heure voulez vous soûper? What time will you go to supper? Verbat. what hour will you sup? A sept heures. At seven a clock. Donnez moy un coup de vin. Let me have a cup of wine. Verb. give me a cup of wine. Combien vendez vous la pinte de vin? How do you sell your wine a pint? Verb. the pint of wine. Avez vons de bonne eau? donnez m'en. Have you good water? pray you give me some. Chauffez des draps pour mettre en mon lict. Warm some sheets for to put in my bed. Donnez m'en de nets, je vous payeray au double pour ma Chambre. Give one clean ones, I will pay you donble for my chamber. Tirez mes botts. Draw off my boots. Faictes monter vostre mistress. Call your Mistress up. Verbatim, make come up your Mistress. Madame excusez s'il vous playst. Madam excuse me if you please. Que desirez vous? What desire you, Sir? Connoissez vous bien Monsieur tel, Marchand en ceste ville? Do you know such a Gentleman that is a merchant in this Town? Oüy Monsient, avez vous quelque lettre de change a prendre sur luy? Yes Sir, have you any letter of exchange to charge upon him? Verb. to take upon him? Oüy Madam. Yes. La somme est elle grande? Is the sum great. Elle est de mille françs. It is a thousand Francs. La servante vous monstrera son logis quand il vous plaira. The maid shall bring you to his lodging when it will please you. je vous remercie de vostre civilité. I thank you for your civility. Combien prenez vous par jour? How much do you take a day? je prend 40. sols. I have forty sols. Je payeray comme les autres. I shall pay as others. Vostre lettre est elle à veüe? Is your letter at sight? Oüy Madam. Yes Mistress. Servant menez Monsieur chez Monsieur tel. Maid, carry Master to Master. Monsieur j'ay une lettre de change payable sur vous. Sir, I have a letter of exchange to be paid upon you. D'où Monsieur? From whence Sir? De Londres. From London. Monstrez la moy Monsieur. Show it me Sir. La voila. Here it is Sir. je l'accepteray Monsiour, & vous payeray demain. I accept it, Sir, and I shall pay you to morrow. A quelle heure viendray-je's At what hour shall I come? A huict he ures. At eight a clock. Quelle monnoye voulez vous? What money will you? Donnez moy des Loüis d'or, je vous en donneray un par cent. Pray give me some Lewisses, & I will give you one percent. Bien Monsieur. Well Sir. Avez vous parlé à vostre marchand? Have you spoken with your Merchant? Verb. to your. Oüy, je vous prie de venir avec moy. Yes, I pray you to come with me. Avez vous des balances? Have you any gold weights? On ne pese pas les Loüis. They do not weigh Lewisses. Mais monsieur il y-en a souvent de verre. But Sir, there are of them of ten of glass. Monsieur je vous en répons. Sir, I do answer you. Monsieur je vous prie de me donner une double quittance. Sir, I pray you for to give me a double acquittance. C'est assez de vous en donner we. It is enough to give you one. Il m'en faut une pour moy, & une pour envoyer en Angleterre. I must have one for myself, and another to send into England. Madame, peut on trouver quelque commodité pour aller à Roüen? Mistress, may a man find any opportunity for to go from hence to Roüen? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Gombien donne-t-on? How much do they give? Cinquante sols. Fifty sols. Faictes moy parler au maistre du coach. Make me speak to the master of the coach. Madame comptons, s'il vous playst. Mistress let us reckon, if you please. Monsieur vous devez six francs. Sir, you own six francs. Madame changez moy cette pistolle. Mistress, change me this pistol. Est elle de poid? Is it weight? Madame je l'ay receüe de mon marchand. I have received it of my Merchant. Apportez des balances. Bring hither the weights. Monsieur elle n'est pas de poids. Sir, it is not weight. Monsieur donnez à la servant, nous n'avons point d'autres gauges. Sir, give the maid, we have no other wages. Tenez, voila trois sols marquez. Hold, there's three sols marqué. Monsieur vostre cheval est à la porte. Sir, your horse is at the door. Adieu mon hostess, je vous remercie de vostre bon traictement. God buy you Landlady, I thank you for your good entertainment. Combien y-a-t-il d'icy à Roüen? How far is it from hence to Roüen? Verbatim, how much. On y compte douze lieües. They count it a dozen leagues. Irons nous tout droit sans nous arrester? Shall we go right without staying? Non Monsieur, nous nous arresterons à la d●snée. No Sir, we will stay of the dinner. Est-ce la mode de France? Is it the mode of France? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. je fairay comme les autres. I shall do as others. Monsieur il faut payer icy. Sir, you must pay. Ce m'est tout un, ou icy, ou à Roüen. It is all one to me, or here or at Roüen. Où est vostre maistre? Where's your Master? Monsieur je l'appelleray. I will call him Sir. Comment appellez vous ce village? How do you call this village? A qui appartient ce chasteau? To whom doth that castle belong? Venez vous avec nous Monsieur? Do you come with us? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Où logeréz vous à Roüen? Where will you lodge at Roüen? Monsieur, je n'ay point de logis asseuré. Sir, I have no lodging assured. Monsieur, s'il vous playst de prendre le mien, nous y serons fort bien traictez. Sir, if you please to take mine, we shall there be well. Peut on voir Roüen de loin? Sir, may a man see Roüen a great way off? Non Monsieur, parce qu'il est dans un fonds. No Sir, because it lies in a bottom. Estes vous Anglois Monsieur? Are you English Sir? Oüy Monsieur à vostre service. Yes Sir, at your service. Où sont maintenant vos armées? Where are now your armies? En garnison en Escosse, & en Irlande. In Garrison, in Scotland and Ireland. Monsient voila la ville de Roüen. See Sir, there's the City of Roüen. Nous y sommes bien toast. We are come thither very soon. Y séjournerez vous? Do you make any stay there? Monsieur j'y demeureray deux jours, pour voirla ville. Sir, I shall stay there two days, to see the City. Monsieur vous playst i'll manger un morceau? Sir; will it please you to eat a bit? De bon coeur Monsieur. With all my heart Sir. Madame avez vous quelque choose? Landlady, have you any thing? Que demandez vous Messieurs? What do you ask Gentlemen? Avez vous quelque pasté, quelque cuisse de Coeq d'inde? Have you ere a pie, or a leg of a Turkey? Oüy Monsieur, vouléz vous du fromage? Yes Sir, will you have any cheese? Apportéz en. Yes, bring some of it. Combien cela? How much this? Tant. So much. C'est trop. It is too much. Nous arriverons de bonne heure. We shall arrive in good time. Connoissez vous quelque bon tailleur dans Roüen? Do you know ere a good tailor in Roüens? Monsieur, si vous voulez vous servir du mien, il est bon tailleur. Sir, if you please to make use of mine, he is a good tailor. Monsieur je vous baise les mains. Sir, I kiss your hands. Verb. I you kiss the hands. Monsieur excusez moy, voila un de mes amis qui m'arreste. Sir excuse me, there is one of my friends that stops me. Monsieur où est vostre hostelerie? Sir, where is your inn. Monsieur, les Anglois vont tousjours chés Monsieur Mad, Anglois. Sir, the English go always to Monsieur Mad, an English man. Où demeure till? Where dwelleth he? Tout le monde le connoist. All the world knows him. Où bien allez au quadran de Mer, on y est fort bien. Or else go to the Compass, or quadran of mer, one is very well there. Adieu Monsieur, je vous remercie de vostre compagnie, God buy you Sir, I thank you for your company. Monsieur vous puis je rendre quelque service? Sir can I render you any service? Monsieur d'où venez vous, ne vous déplaise? Pray Sir, whence come you? if it not displeaseth you? je viens de Diépe. I come from deep. Où auéz vous logé? Where have you lodged. Chez Madame Godart. At Mistaisse Godarts. C'est un bon logis. That is a very good lodgings. Demeurerez vous quelque temps icy? Will you dwell in this town some while? Aués vous dessein d'apprendre le language? Have you any design to learn French? Avez vous quelque maistre icy qui parle Anglois? Have you any Master here that speaketh English? Nous en avons un, fort brave homme. We have one, a very brave man. Parlez vous Anglois Monsieur? Do you speak English Sir? Un peu Monsieur, pour me fair entendre. A little Sir to make me understand, Monsieur je vous prie de m'enseigner. I desire you, Sir, to teach me. Serez vous long temps icy? Will you be long time here? I'attends des letters, je me resoûdray. I expect some letters, I shall resolve. A quelle heure viendray-je? At what hour shall I come? A sept heures je vous attendray. At seven a clock I shall expect you. Monsieur avez vous compagnie icy? Sir, have you company here? Ilya quatre Messieurs almains, & deux François. Here are four Dutch Gentlemen, and two French. Combien avez vous donné pour venir en cette ville? How much did you give to come to this town? I'ay donné cinquante sols. I have give fifty sols. Combien donnez vous d'icy à Paris? How much do you give from hence to Paris? On done ordinairement onze francs, & on est nourry. They usually give eleven francs. Avez vous un Parlement en cette ville? Have you any Parliament in this City? Oüy Monsieur, & une Cour des Aides. Yes Sir, and a Court of Aides. Peut-on-juger en dernier resort? Have you any final determination of causes here. Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Verbat. can one judge in the last report. Monsieur descendez, le soûper est sur la table. Will it please you walk down Sir, supper is on the table? Verb. go down. Messieurs vostre tres humble Serviteur. Gentlemen, your most humble servant. Prenez vos places Messieurs. Take your places Gentlemen. Monsieur séez vous là. Sir, sit you there. Sans ceremony Messieurs, je suis le dernier venu. No compliment Gentlemen, I am the last comer. Estes vous Anglois Monsieur? Are you an English man Sir? Messieurs à vostre service. At your service Sir. Combien de temps avez vous. esté en France? How long have you been in France? je n'y ay esté que quinze ou seize jours. I have been but fifteen or sixteen days. Ou avez vous mis pied à terre? Where did ye land? Verbatim, have you put the foot to. A deep. At deep. Ou avez vous logé? Where have you lodged? Chez Madame Goddard. At Mistress Godarts. Passez vous plus oultre? Do you pass any further? je vais à Paris. I go to Paris. Monsieur à vos inclinations. Sir, to your inclinations. Monsieur, je vous fairay raison. Sir, I shall do you reason. je vous baise tres humblement les mains. I most humbly kiss your hands. Parquelle voye irés vous? By which way will you go? je ne sçais pas encore. I know not yet. Il vaut mieux aller dans le coach. You are best go by coach. Verbatim, it is worth better to go in the coach. N'y-a-t-il point de volleurs entre Roüen & Paris? Are there no thiefs betwixt Rouen and Paris? Si vous avez de l'argent, prenez une lettre de change. If you have any money take a letter of Exchange. Connoissez vous quelque marchand icy? Do you know any Merchant here? je n'en connois point. I know not any. Quelle heure est il? What a clock is it? je n'en sçais rien. I cannot tell. Verbat. I know nothing of it. Que fairez vous aprés soûper? What will you do after supper? je veux écrire à Paris. I must write to Paris. Verb. I go to write. Ne voulés vous pas prendre l'air? Will you not take the air? je suis un peu empesché. I am a little hindered. Bon soit Monsieur. Good night Sir. Ma fille apportez moy de la chandelle. Girl, bring me a candle. Allez m'achepter un baston de cire d'Espagne. Go buy me a stick of Spanish wax. Fermez la porte. Shut the door. Ouurez la porte. Open the door. Appellez moy demain à cinq heures. Call me to morrow morning at five a clock. Donnez moy un pot de chambre. Give me a chamberpot. Quand part le coche pour Paris? When goes the coach for Paris? Monsieur demandez à mon Maistre. Sir, ask of my Master. Qui est là? Who's there? C'est moy. 'Tis I. Quand part le coach? When goes the coach away? Monsieur tous les jours. Sir, every day. Allez me retenir une place s'il vous playst. Pray do so much as procure me a place in it. je m'y en vay Monsieur tout presentement. I'll go immediately, Sir. Mon hoste avez vous esté là? Landlord, have you been there? Oüy Monsieur. Yes, Sir. Avez vous faict le márché? Have you made the bargain? Oüy, tout est faict. Yes, all is done. Ma fille portez mes hardes chez le messenger. Maid, carry my things to the messengers. Quelle ville trouve-t-on entre Paris & Roüen? What Town is there betwixt Paris and Rouen? Pontoise. Pontoise. Qui est Gouverneur de Roüen? Who is the Governor of Rouen? C'est Monsieur le Marquis de . Marquess . Connoisséz vous cét homme là? Do you know that man? je le connois bien. I know him well. Ou est le chemin de Paris? Which is the way to Paris? Faut il détourner? Are there any turn? Il faut détourner à main gauche. You must turn on the left hand. Allez tout droict. Go straight forward. Mademoiselle ne vous incommoderay-je point? Lady, shall I not trouble you? Point du tout Monsieur. Not at all, Sir. Quand arriverons nous à Paris? When shall we arrive to Paris? Dans deux jours. Within two days. Entrez Monsieur. Step in, Sir. Ou disnerons nous? Where shall we dine? Au milieu de nostre journée. In the midway of our journey. Il faict chaud. It is hot. Il faict froid. It is cold. Il faict beau temps. It is fine weather, Avez vous des pistolets? Have you any pistols? Ou avez vous achepté ces pistolets? Where have you bought these pistols? A Abeville. At Abeville. Monsieur nous voila ' arrivez. See (Sir) we are arrived. Cher amy, prenez garde à mes hards. Dear friend, take a care of my things. Allons Messieurs, qu'aurons nous à disner? Come Sirs, what shall we have to dinner? Servant ou est le Maistre? Maid, where's the Master? Le voila Monsieur. There, Sir. Monsieur, que nous donnerez vous? Sir, what will you give us? I'ay un Chapon, une becasse, des Perdrix, des Lieures. I have a Capon, a Woodcock, Partridges, Leverets. Commandez qu'on nous serve promptement. Take order that we may have something presently. Verbatim, command that they serve us. Avez vous de bon vin? Have you any good wine? Donnez nous du vin rouge. Give us red wine. Donnez nous du vin Blanc, du lineage, du mélier, du frontignac, the l'Auvergnail, du gros noir, Give us some white wine, etc. Monsicur il est temps de partir. Sir, it is time to part. Il s'en va nuict. It draws towards night. Ou coucherons nous à ce soir? Where shall we lay to night? Monsieur ou logez vous à Paris? Sir, where lodge you in Paris? je loge à la ville de Venise. I lodge at the Ville de Venice. Y est on bien traicté? Is one well used there? A merveille pour 40. solz par jour. For 40. sols at marvel a day. Combien donnez vous pour vos exercices? How much give you for your exercises? Une pistolle par mois. A pistol a month. Connoissez vous un bon Maistre de langues? Do you know ere a good Master of the Languages? I'en connois un qui l'emporte par dessus les autres. I know one that excels. Comment l'appellez vous? How do you call him? Monsieur Nicolaï. Monsieur Nicolarï. Ou demeure-t-il? Where dwells he? Il demeure dans la rüe, etc. He dwells in such a street. Y-a-til loing d'icy? Is it far from hence? C'est a un quart de lieüe d'icy. It is about a quarter of a league from hence. Demeurerez vous quelque temps à Paris? Will you stay any time in Paris? je n'en suis pas assûré. I am not certain of it. Monsieur vostre pere est il vivant? Sir, is your father living? Quell âge avez vous? How old are you? Estes vous l'aisné? Are you the eldest? Monsieur voila le Clocher de nostre Dame. Sir, there is Nostre-Dame steeple. Paris est il plus grand que Londres? Is Paris' bigger than London? Oüy sans doûte. Yes without doûbt. Boirons nous un coup icy? Shall we drink a cup here? Ce qu'il vous plaira. What you please. Garçon tirez nous un peu de vin. Boy, draw us some wine. Ne voulez vous pas entrer Messieurs? Will you not come in Gentlemen? Monsieur je payeray. Sir, I will pay. Monsieur voila St. Denis, ou gisent les corps de nos Roys. Yonder (Sir) is St. Denis, where our Kings are interred. Verbatim, lay the bodies of our Kings. Ou descendrons nous? Where shall we alight? Chez le Messager. At the messengers. Monsieur allons à la ville de Venise. Let us go to the Ville de Venice, Sir. je le veux Monsieur. Content, Sir. Monsieur monstréz nous une belle Chambre. Pray Sir, show us a good Chamber. Avez vous un Cabinet? Have you ere a Closet? Monsieur on m'a recommandé chéz vous. Sir, I have been recommended to you by some friends. Combien demandez vous par mois? How much do you take a month? Quelle compagnie avez vous icy? What company have you here? Avez vous des François? Have you any French men. Il y a quantité d'Anglois dans la ville, comme je croy. There is good store of English in the City, as I believe. je desire viure en particulier. I desire to live privately. je ne veux point hanter les Anglois. I would not keep English men company. je haïs les débauchéz. I hate debauched companions. Ne dites pas de quel païs je suis. Do not tell what countryman I am. Peut en loer icy un Carosse? May a man hire a Coach here? Combien donne-t-on par jour? How much do they give a day? Combien comptez vous d'icy à St.  en Say? How far do you reckon it from hence to St. Germane en Say? Ou est la Sorbonne? Where is the Sorbonne? Ou est le Lovure? Where is the Lovure? Envoyez moy querir un Medecin, un Barbier, un Chirurgien, un Marchand, un Cordonnier, un Chapelier, un Tailleur. Get me a Physician, a Barber, a Surgeon, a Merchant, a Shoemaker, a Hatter, a Tailor. Quelles estoffes avez vous à la mode? What fashionable stuffs have you? Faictes nous soûper toûjours de bonne heure. Let us always have our supper ready in due time. Verbatim, make us sup of good hour. Si lon me demand, dites que je ne suis pas au logis. If one ask for me, say I am not at home. Faictes moy venir un Maistre de langues. Send for a Master of the languages for me. Verb. make me come a Master. Peut on voir disner le Roy? May a man see the King dine? Avez vous quelque amy en Cour? Have you any friend at Court? Menez moy au palais de d'Orleans. Carry me to the Palais of Orleans. Avez vous envoyé vos dépeches? Have you sent your dispatches? Qui est le meilleur Maistre adancer Who is the best Dance-Master? Combien donne-t-on pour aller d'icy à Orleans. What do they give to go from hence to Orleans? Monsieur on donne onze francs. Sir, they give eleven francs. Est on nourry? Have we our Ordinary into the bargain? Oüy Monsieur. Yes Sir. Monsieur ne sçavez vous pas quelque personne qui me voulust prendre en pension? Sir, do you not know one that would take me into pension? Allons voir. Let us go see. Il faut que je quitte la ville pour aller à Orleans. I must leave the City, and go to Orleans. Monsieur addressez moy à quelqu'un de vos amis à Orleans. Pray Sir, direct me to some friends of your at Orleans. Monsieur allez chez Monsieur le Féure Advocat en Parliament, il vous recevra fort bien. You may go (Sir) to Monsieur le Feure, an Advocate of Parliament, he will receive you very well. Est ce-un Maistre de Langues? Is he a Master of the Languages? Oüy, tres excellent, grand Politic, Historien, & Universel. Yes, and a very great Politician, Historian, and indeed a general Scholar. Le connoissez vous particulierement? Are you well acquainted with him? I'ay ovi souvent publier ses cloges. I have often heard him highly commended. Y connoissez vous un Maistre d'armes? Do you know ere a Fence-Master? Ilya Monsieur Chabrum There is Monsieur Chabrun. Qui sont les meilleurs Maistres à dancer de Paris? Who are the best Dance-Masters in Paris? Monsieur Provost. Monsieur Provost. Qui est la meillure Hostellerie? Which is the best Inn? C'est l'Enseigue des trois Emperors, mais on va d'ordinaire à la Croix blanch chez Monsieur Richard. The three Emperors, but they go to the white Cross to Monsieur Richard's. Comment appellez vous le Maistre de Guiterre? How do you call the Guitarre-Master? Il s'appelle Monsieur de Belleville. His name is Monsieur de Belleville. Par quelle voye va-t-on à Blois. Which way do they use to go to Blois? Monsieur allez y par eau. Sir, you go thither by water. Combien donne-t-on? How much do they give? On donne dix sols, mais on prend asseurément 20. sols des Estrangers. They usually give ten fols, but a stranger shall be sure to pay twenty. Ou est le meilleur logis? Where is the best lodging there? C'est chez Monsieut Maréchal Laisné? At Monsieur Marshal Laisne's. Il y a un Gentil-homme nommé Monsieur Richaussé, qui tient Academy, qui reçoit ceux qui apprennent a monter à Cheval dans sa maison. There is a Gentleman, one Monsieur Richausse, that keeps an Academy in his house, for the entertainment of such as learn to ride the great Horse. Est il bon Maistre? Is he a good Master? C'est un des meilleurs de France & fort civil. He is one of the best in France, and a very civil Gentleman. A-t-il de beaux chevaux? Hath he good Horses? Il en a plus de cinquante bien dressez. He hath above fifty, well managed horses. Y-a-t-il un bon Maistre a dancer? Is there a good Dance-Master? Excellent, nommé Monsieur Michel Cossé le jeune, & apres luy le Sieur Touraille son frere. Yes, an excellent one, called Monsieur Michael Cossé the younger, and next to him Monsieur Touraille his Brother. Fairez vous quelque sé-jour à Blois? Do you continue any time at Blois? Oüy Monsieur, car c'est le lieu du Monde ou lon le parle le mieux François. Yes Sir, for it is the only place of the world where the best French is spoken. N'y a-t-il point d'autres pensions? Are there no other Pensions there? Il y a celle de Monsieur le Doux, ou lon est fort bien pour apprendre, à cause de Mes dames ses filles qui parlent à merveille. Yes, there is that of Mon-Doux, sieur le Doux, where a man hath very great advange toward the learning the Language, by reason of his daughters, who speak it excellently well. Pouraller à Tours, & à Saumur, quelle voye faut il prendre? What way must I take to go to Tours, and to Saumur? Il faut aller par eau. You must go by water.  
Dieu le Pere. God the Father. Dieu le Fils. God the son. Dieu le sainct Esprit. God the holy Ghost. Nostre Dame. Our Lady. La saincte Trinité. The holy Trinity. Le Ciel. Heaven. Les quatre Evangelistes'. The four Evangelists. Saint Mathieu. Saint Matthew. Saint Marc. Saint Mark. Saint jean. Saint john. Saint Luc. Saint Luke. Un Archange. An Archangel. Un Ange. An Angel. Un Cherubin. A Cherubin. Un Seraphin. A Seraphin. Une ame saint. A holy Soul. Un esprit bien heureux. A blessed spirit. Un Saint. A Saint. M. Une Saint. A Saint. F. Le Paradis. Paradise, Les puissances. Powers. l'Ange Gabriel. The Angel Gabriel. Les douze Apostres. The twelve Apostles. Saint Augustin. Saint Augustine. Le Paradis terrestre. The earthly Paradise. Adam. Adam. Eve. Eve. Nos premiers parens. Our first Parents. l'Enfer. R Hell. R Vn diable. A Devil. Vn démon. A spirit. Vne ame Damnée. A damned soul. Vn Endiablé. One possessed. Vn sorcier. A Sorcerer. Pluton. Pluto. Lucifer. Lucifer. Le jour, la nuict, le soir, le matin. The day, the night, the evening, the morning. Le soleil, un rayon. The Sun, a Sunbeam. La Lune, pleine Lune. The Moon, full Moon. Un Astre. A Star. Une étoille. A Star. Une éclipse. An Eclipse. Une Planette. A Planet. Une Comette. A Comet. Un nüage. A thick Cloud. Un orage. A storm. Un foûdre. A Thunderbolt. Une nüée. A Cloud. Le vent. The wind. La pluye. The Rain, La gresle. The Hail. Le tonnere, éclair. Thunder, Lightning. La Moyenne Region de l'Air. The middle Region of the Air. Lafoy seconde Region de l'Air. The second Region of the Air. Le froid. Cold weather. Le chaud. Hot weather. L'humide. Wet weather. Un feu follet. A walking fire. Le Firmament. The Firmament. Une exalaison. An Exhalation. La Terre, la Mer. The Earth, the sea. L'eau, les poissons. The Water, the Fishes. L'Europe. Europe. L'Asie. Asia. L'Afrique. Africa. L'Amerique. America. La France. France. L'Angleterre. England. L'Escosse. Scotland. L'Irelande. Ireland. L'Espagne. Spain. L'Allemagne. Germany. L'Italie. Italy. Le Portugal. Portugal. Le Danemare. Denmark. La Suede. Swethland. La Polongne. Poland. Le Païs' bas. The low Countries. Ou la Hollande. Or Holland. La Navarre. Navarre. La Flandre. Flanders. La Suisse. Switzerland. Un Empereur. An Emperor. Un Roy, une Rhine. A King, a Queen. Un Archiduc. An Archduke. Une Archiducesse. An . Vn Prince du sang. A Prince of the Blood. Vne Princesse du sang. A Princess of the Blood. Vn Duc. A Duke. Vne Duchess. A Duchess. Vn Prince. A Prince. Vne Princess. A Princess. Vn Chancelier. A Chancellor. Vn Ministre d'Estat. A Minister of State. Vn Ambassadeur. An Ambassador. Vn Viceroy. A Viceroy. Vn Maréchal de France. A Marshal of France. Vn Admiral. An Admiral. Vn Generalissime. A Generalissimo. Vn General. A General. Vn Comte. A Count Vne Comtesse. A Countess. Vn Marquis. A marquis. Vne Marquis. A marchioness. Vn Colonel. A Colonel. Vne Homme. A Man. Vne Femme. A Woman. Vn Garçon. A Boy. Vne Filly. A Maid.  
Du Clergé. Of the Clergy. Le Clergé. The Clergy. Vn Cardinal. A Cardinal. Vn Archevesque. An Archbishop. Vn Evesque. A Bishop. Vn Nonce. A Nuntio. Vn Abbé. An Abbot. Vn Prieur. A Prior. Vn Gardien. A Warden. Vn Prestre. A Priest. Vn Religieux. A Friar.  
La justice. The civil Power. Vn Parliament. A Parliament. La Cour des Aides. The Court of Aide. Vn Balliage. A Bailiwick. La vicomté. A vicountie. Vn Precedent. A Precedent. Vn juge. A Judge. Vn Conseiller. A Counsellor. Le Procureur du Roy. The King's Proctor. Vne Capitaine A Captain. Vn Lieutenant. A Lieutenant. Vn Ensign. An Ensign. Vne Flotte. A Fleet of ships. Vne Armée navale. A Sea Army. Vne Province. A Province. Vne Evesché. A Bishopric. Vn Royaume. A Kingdom. Vne Duché. A Duchy. Vne Comté. A County. Vne Viscomté. A Vicounty. Vn Marquisat. A Marquisate. Vne Principauté. A Principality. Vne Baronnerie. A Barony. Vne signory. A Lordship. Vn Gouvernement. A Government. Vn Gouverneur. A Governor. Vn Donjon. A Dungeon. Vn Chasteau. A Castle. Vne Citadelle. A Citadel. Vn Fort. A Fort. Vn Major. A Mayor. Vne Université. An University. Vn College. A College. Vne Ville. A Town. Vne Cité. A City. Vn Bourg. A Borough. Vne Bourgade. A Hamlet. Vn Fauxbourg. A Suburb. Vn village. A Village. Vn Pallais. A Palace. Vn Hostel. A great House, or Place. Vne Maison. A House. Vn Bourgeois. A Burgess. Vne Bourgeoise. A Burgesses wife. Vne Riviere. A River. Vne Chambre. A Chamber. Vne Estude. A Study. Vn Medecin. A Physician. Vn Advocate. An Advocate. Vn Procurer. A Proctor. Vn Rapporteur. A Reporter. Vn Sergeant. A Sergeant. Vne salle. A Hall. Vne allée. A Gallery. Vne boutique. A Shop. Vn jardin. A Garden. Vne Fleur. A Flower. Vn Escalier. A pair of stairs. Vn lict. A Bed. Vne Table. A Table. Vn Serviteur. A Servant, M. Vne Servant. A Servant, F. Vn Maistre. A Master. Vne Mistress. A Mistress. Le Linge. Linen. Vne Rüe. A Street. La Mer. The Sea. Vn Poisson. A Fish. L'eau. The Water. Le Feu. The Fire. Vn Boeuf. An Ox. Vn Mouton. A Sheep. Vn Cheval. A Horse. Vn Chien. A Dog. Vn veau. A Calf. Vne agneau. A Lamb. Vn Chat. A Cat. Vn Poulet. A Pullet. Vn Pigeon. A Pigeon. Vn Cocq d'inde. A Turkey.  
Les parties du corpse. The parts of the Body. La teste. The Head. Le front. The forehead. Le visage. The visage. La face. The face. L'oeil. The eye. Le nez. The Nose. le cerveau d'un homme. The brains of a man. la cerveile d'une beast. The brains of a beast. la bouche. The mouth. les léures. The lips. la langue. The tongue. le menton. The chin. la joüe. The cheek. la gorge. The throat. le col. The neck. le palais. The Pallat. les gensives. The Gums. les narinnes. The Nostrils. les sourcilles. The eyebrows. les paupieres. The eyelids. le prune de l'oeil. The eyeball. le blanc de l'oeil. The white of the eye. l'oreille. The ear. la temple. The Temples. l'ouye. The hole of the ear. l'os de la teste. The scull. les cheveux. The hair of the head. le poil. the hair. lafoy barb. the beard. une moustache. the moustaches. les dents. the teeth. le derriere de la teste. the hinder part of the head. lesang. the blood. le corpse. the body. le coeur. the heart. le polmon. the lungs. le foye. the liver. le fiel. the gall. la rate. the spleen. les intestins. the guts. l'estomach. the stomach. les testicules. the stones. lafoy vessie. the bladder. les reins. the reins. les espaules. the shoulders. le dos. the back. les bras. the arms. les coudes. the elbows. la main. the hand. la mamelle, the breast. le teton. the tear. le nombril. the navel. un doigt. A finger. un ongle. A nail. une vein. A vein. un artere. An artery. un nerf. A Nerve. le pied. The foot. la cuisse. The thigh. un genoüil. A knee. les genoux. the knees. la mollet de la jambe. the calf of the leg. les aiselles. the Armpits. le talon. the Heel. la cheville du pied. the ankle-bone. le costé. the side une cost. a side. les fesses, the Buttocks. l'eine. the groin.  
Des animaux bons a manger. Of living creatures good to eat. Un boeuf. An Ox. une vache. a Cow. un taureau. a Bull. un cerf. a Stag. une biche. a Hind. un deign. a Buck, or Do. un mouton. a Wether. une brebis. a Ewe. un veau. a Calf. un agneau. a Lamb. une cheureau. a Kid. un porc. a Hog. un cochon de laict. a sucking Pig.  
Des poissons dont on mange Of such fishes as are good to eat. La moulüe. A cod. le saulmon. a salmon. la rés. a thorn back. un maquereau. a mackerell. une anguille. an Eel. une pluye. a plaice. une sole. a sole. un hareng. a herring. un merlan. a whiting. un brochet. a pike. une carp. a carp. une tanche. a tench. du hareng sallé. salt herring. du harens frais. fresh herring.  
Des animaux de service. Of beasts of service. Un cheval. A horse. une cavalle. a mare. un chien. a dog. un chat. a cat. un asne. a mule. une mule. un mulet. a moil. un hunger. a gelding. un cheval entier. a stone-horse.  
Des animaux sauvages. Of wild Beasts. Vn cerf. A Stag. une biche. a Hind. un sanglier. a wild Boar. un lieure. a hare. un lapin. a rabbit. un loup. a Wolf. M une louve. a Wolf. un Elephant. an Elephent. un Tiger. a Tiger. un Lion. a Lion.  
Des Oyseaux. Of Birds. Un Chapon. A Capon. une paul. a Hen. un poulet. a Pullet. cocq d'inde. a Turkey. un pigeon. a Pigeon. un canard. a drake. une perdrix. a Partridge. une caille. a Quail. une becasse. a Woodcock. une alloüete. a Lark. un Fésant. a Pheasant. un Artolant. an Artolant, or Hortolan.  
Le nom de toutes les choses qui se trouvent dans la maison. The names of all necessaries about a House. Vne maison. A House. une chambre. A Chamber. un bastiment. a Building. un edifice. an Edifice. une cuisinne. a Kitchin. une cheminée. a Chimney.  
Tout ce qui se trouve dans la Cuissinne. Of all necessaries about a Kitchin. un Chenet. An Andiron. une brooch. a Spit. un plat. a platter. une assiette. a trencher-plate. une grille. a gridiron. un couteau. a knife. un tourne-broche. a jack. un dressoir. a dresser-boord. une casse. a dripping-pan. une cuillier. a spoon. une plateine. a dish-cover. le foyer. the hearth. une poissonniere. a pan to seethe fish in. un poelon. a skellet. un bassin. a basin. un chaudron. a cauldron. une cramillere. pot-hangers. une cuillier defer. an iron ladle. une marmite. a boiler. un passoir. a cullender. un vinaigrier. a vinegar-bottle. une saliere. a salt-cellar. un chandelier. a candlestick. une table. a table. un broc. a large tankard. un gallon. a gallon pot. un flaccon. a great leathern bottle. une bouteille. a bottle. une pint. a pint pot. une quart. a quart pot. une chopinne. a chopine. un setier, a septier measure. un bassin a laver. a basin to wash in. une Fonteine. a cock.  
Des choses qui sont dans une chambre. Of things necessary in a Chamber. Un lict. A bed. des draps. sheets. une couverture. a coverlet. un lict de plume. a featherbed. un matelas. a quilt. une paillasse. a straw-bed. un oreiller. a pillow. une coette. a featherbed. un charlis. a bedstead. une couch. a couch. un bois de lict. a bedstead. une pant. valance of bed. un rideau. curtains. une verge de lict. curtain-rods. un tour de lict. a whole, curtain. une tente de tapisserie de bregamme. a canopy of tapestry of bregamme. une table. a table. un tapis. hang. un coffer. a trunk. une casse. a box. une chaise. a chair. du linge. linen. une nap. a tablecloth. une serviete. a table-napkin. un mouchoir. a handkerchief. une chemise. a shirt, or smock. un chemisette. a halfe-shirt. des bas-de linge. linen stockings. un portrait. a picture. un tableau. a piece of painting. le plancher. a floor. la fenestre. a window. les vitres. the quarrels. le plomb des vitres. the lead of the window. la porte. the door. la clef. the key. la serrure. the lock. lafoy clanche. the latch. un loquet. a bolt. un veroüil. a hinge. un gond. a nail. un clou. the wall. une muraille. the pavement. le paué. a stone pavement. le carreau. a garner. un grenier. une cave. a cellar. une antichambre. an outward chamber next the bedchamber. un cabinet. a Study. une estude. a closet. une escurie. a Prince's stable. les Chambres aisées. the privies. l'estable. the stable. un four. an oven. un puis. a well. une cour. a court. une grange. a barn. une cuve. a tub. un poinçon. a bodkin. une buée. a buck of . un baril. a barrel. des gans. gloves. la couverture de la maison. the roof of the house. une brique. a brick. une tuile. a tile. un escalier. a pair of stairs. le degré. a stair. la montée. the upper part of the house.   
FINIS.