MAN'S MORTALITY: OR, A TREATISE Wherein 'tis proved, both Theologically and Philosophically, that whole Man (as a rational Creature) is a Compound wholly mortal, contrary to that common distinction of Soul and Body: And that the present going of the Soul into Heaven or Hell is a mere Fiction: And that at the Resurrection is the beginning of our immortality, and then Actual Condemnation, and Salvation, and not before.  
With all doubts and Objections Answered, and resolved, both by Scripture and Reason; discovering the multitude of Blasphemies, and Absurdities that arise from the fancy of the Soul.  
Also divers other Mysteries, as, of Heaven, Hell, Christ's humane residence, the extent of the Resurrection, the New Creation, etc. opened, and presented to the trial of better judgements.  
By R. O.  That which befalleth the sons of men, befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them all: as the one dyeth, so dyeth the other; yea they have all one breath, so that man hath no pre-eminence above a beast; for all is vanity. Ecclesiastes 3. 19 
AMSTERDAM, Printed by John Can. Anno Dom. 1644.   

To the Reader.  
Judicious Reader,  
THy serious perusal, but the scorn and derision of the multitude hereof, is my expectation: Startle not thou, be patiented, read, ponder, and Berean like try whether these things be so or no: If any thing in it be worth thy owning, take it, it is thine as well as mine, and I have my end, thy benefit: I wish it well to all, but I fear it will be a Parable to most; however, I have unbosomed my duty, freely as I have received, I give it freely to the World; it is my faith, as I believe, so have I spoken. I expect an Answer; if it be such as will not hold trial, it is likely I shall vindicate myself; but if by force of Argument it shall convince, I shall be ready and free thankfully to embrace it, and renounce my error, whether it be in part or in whole, though in the main I am nothing jealous, had I therein doubted, my weakness had not been thus visible to the World. Whereas in several places scattered through the Book, the use of the word Soul may seem to some, to imply that, which I deny; let such know, it is for Argument sake, not intending in the least any self distinct Being by it. Thus desiring my endeavours may have a fair and equal trial by Scripture and solid Reason, I commit thee to the blessing of God in the perusal thereof, and rest  
Thine in the love of the Truth, R. O.   

To his worthy friend the Author upon his Book.  
THe Hell hatched Doctrine of th'immortal Soul  
Discovered, makes the hungry Furies howl,  
And tear their snakey hair with grief appalled,  
To see their Errour-leading Doctrine quailed,  
Hell undermined, and Purgatory blown  
Up in the air, and all the spirits flown,  
Pluto undone, thus forced for to yield  
The frighted Souls from the Elysian Field.  
And squalid Charon now may leave his Trade,  
To see all Souls made subject to the spade,  
And Cerberus his dismal fate deplore,  
To think that he shall scare the Souls no more.  
But joyed at this, Minerva she doth run  
T'embrace her Nurse Child great Apollo's Son:  
The Heaven's triumph i'th' wane of th'World to see  
Such light break out on its Posterity:  
They sue Mnesichole, and so do I  
To register this Man's Mortality.  
N. C.   

Would you a young Man see for to control  
The Ancient sure you'd think he had no soul.  
But God hath promised, and still reveals  
To Babes, what he from prudent men conceals.  
Heavens bless thee Man, for bringing that to light,  
Which Envy raked up i'th' dust for spite:  
And may thy Book be as a passing Bell  
To dying Man to toll his fatal knell.  
S. R.   

MAN'S MORTALITY. OR, A Treatise proving MAN (quatenus Animal rationale) a Compound wholly Mortal.  

CHAP. I.  
Of Man's Creation, Fall, Restitution, and Resurrection, how they disprove the Opinion of the Soul, imagining the better part of Man immortal: And proveth him (quatenus homo) wholly mortal.  
TO omit tedious introductory Circumstances, which are as commonly useless as prolix: Observe: That when God had moulded, form, and completely proportionated Adam of the Dust of the ground, he breathed in his face the breath of Lives 
* Orig. , and Man became a living Soul: Gen. 2. 7. That is, he gave that lifeless Body a communicative rational Faculty or property of life, in his kind: And so it became a living Creature, or complete 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, of whom was the Woman, both innocent and free from sin, and so from Death and mortality: For the wages of Sin is Death, Rom. 5. 12. 1 Cor. 15. 56. Thus Man was gloriously immortal, yet no longer a Creature incorruptible, then during innocent: For (Gen. 2. 17.) God said, of the Tree of the knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat of it, for in the day thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die: that is, thy immortality shall be changed for mortality: Immortal Adam shall be made mortal, not a part of thee, but Thou shalt surely die, even whole man, without the least exception of any, the worst or noblest part of him, unless God had a mental reservation; but even the same Thou that livest, Thou shalt surely die: that must die wherein was life: then surely if he had an immortal Soul, which is the life of the body, that must be made mortal. The result of all which, is this:  
That what of Adam was immortal through Innocency, was to be mortalized by Transgression:  
But whole Adam (quatenus Animal rationale) was in Innocency immortal:  
Ergo, all, and every part, even whole Man was liable to Death by Sin: And so consequently, if Adam had then such an indefinable thing in him, and of him, without which he was not Man, (as is vulgarly supposed, but simply maintained by the Church of Rome, England &c.) as an Angelical Spirit, that neither could, nor can be subject to mortality: Then he had that he had not: which made him be what he was not: he 
a 1. Absur.  sinned with that, with which he could not; which made him Fall 
b 2. Absur.  when he did not: which Bopeep is impossible: For if Adam was martalized, and That not, It was no part of him, this they must confess, or else the other follows.  
This being thus cleared, and proved from Adam's Creation and Innocency: let us proceed to his Fall, Restitution, and Resurrection, who eating of the forbidden fruit, (whose nature was, as was supposed by Nemesius the Philosopher, to mortalize him, as Mala insana are to destroy and reduce rationality to madness) God fulfilled his threatened Curse upon him, saying, (Gen. 3. 19) In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the Ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for Dust thou art, and unto Dust thou shalt return. Here he is plainly disrobed of all his immortality, he must to Dust, without the least mention of any Being 
* Man had died without resurrection, ●ad not Christ redeemed it: ●herefore, aswel may we say, that all shall not rise, as that Christ died not for all; for if one▪ be, needs must the other. 1 Cor. 15. 21. 22.  thereafter, either of part or whole; till this Promise of Christ, The seed of the woman shall break the Serpent's Head, which is not completed till the Resurrection: for then, and not before, Man's immortality is in Actual Being, whose beatitude and infelicity comes through Faith and infidelity. So that Death reduceth this productio Entis ex Non-ente ad Non-entem, returns Man to what he was before he was; that is, not to Be: Psal. 115. 47. the Dead praise not the Lord, neither they that go down into silence: And Psal. 116. 4. His breath goeth forth, he returneth to the Earth, in that very Day his thoughts perish. (see more pag. 5. 6. 7. 8.) But the Resurrection restoreth this non-ented Entity to an everlasting Being, 1 Cor. 15. 42. It is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruption.  
Thus Mortality is derivated to all Adam's posterity: The first Man (quatenus homo) is of the Earth earthly, as is the earthly, such are they that are earth: (1 Cor. 15. 47. 48.) But the Earth of which Man is, is corruptible, and shallbe burnt up with fire: 2 Pet. 3. 10. Therefore whole Man is corruptible: for as in Adam all dye, (1 Cor. 15. 22) even so in Christ shall all be made alive; what fell in Adam shall be raised by Christ; what was mortalized by the earthly Man shall be immortalised by the Heavenly man: wherefore All, not a part of Man was mortalized by Adam; or else only the fallen 
c 3. Absur.  part must be redeemed, and not the whole man: for no more of man then fell was redeemed, and if the body only fell, and his formal part (his soul) continued immortal, than that part of man (his body only) was purchased, not his constitutive or better part, his Soul: So that the bodies 
d 4. Abs●…  only of the Reprobate according to this fancy shall be damned: for nothing of Adam, but what fell of Adam, can be made liable to condemnation; and what of him stood, shall stand, as well as the Angels that never fell: But in Christ we are complete, Coll. 2. 10. Therefore in Adam totally fallen.  
Further: If Adam's fall was not a complete change of his whole manhood, from immortality to absolute mortality of the whole; then 
e 5. Absu●…  in the day that he did eat (the forbidden Fruit,) He did not surely die; for He implies his Manhood; (and my very Opposites confess the Soul the very Essence and Being of Manhood:) and [in the Day] and [surely die] imply, Execution as well as Transgression to be then; for both have equally relation to the Day: In the Day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die: so as well may we say, he did not eat, as did not die That Day.  
And if nothing died, that is, became mortal, but his Body; then 
f 6. Absu●  that died, and his Soul lived; that is, must be as it was at first, before God breathed life into it; that is, a dead corpse, and indeed was never other, if the Soul were a distinct Being of itself, and all life in itself, and the Body but an Instrument to it, whereby it performeth all motion and action (as Nemesius on Man's Nature p. 266. with others maintain:) And thus it must needs follow, that this Death threatened was a mere 
g 7. Absur●…  Scarecrow, even nothing at all; for He, that is, his constitutive part (his Soul) continued immortal, and unchanged, and used his body instrumentally, as it did before the Transgression: and if it be Answered; it became sinful and subject to sin, and so of final Condemnation in Hell at the length. I Reply; That before he sinned he was subject to sin, or else he could not have sinned, for quicquid est in actu, prius fuit in potentia; and if the wages of sin be death, than he must be of necessity subject to death the effect, as well as sin the cause at the same time: And so consequently, the Souls possibility of sinning being producted into Actual sin, the Soul must have its wages, Actual mortality. Further, if the Souls Death be only that of Hell; then the principal or efficient cause deepest in the Transgression was 
* 8. Absur●…  less punished, than the instrumental, the Body being but the Souls instrument whereby it acts and moves: as if a Magistrate should hang the Hatchet, and spare the Man that beat a man's brains out with it: and so the Soul suffer the last death and scapethe first: which is as preposterous, as, if this Death 
9 Absurd.  should be received before this Life. Moreover: Condemnation in Hell is not properly, but remotely the reward of Adam's Fall; For properly Condemnation is the wages of Infidelity, or unbelief in Christ, as Salvation is of Belief: So that none can be condemned into Hell, 
Joh. 3. 3. 19 36.  but such as are actually guilty of refusing of Christ, because immortality or the Resurrection cannot be by Propagation or Succession, as mortality from Adam to his Issue; and so the Child though temporally, yet shall it not eternally be punished for his Father's sin, but his Condemnation shall be of himself.  
Having thus from the Creation, Fall, Restitution, and Resurrection laid a groundwork for this mortality, let us see how it commensurates with the universality of Scripture and Reason.   

CHAP. II.  
Scriptures to prove this Mortality.  
JOb 4. 19, 21. How much less on them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, which are crushed before the moth, doth not their excellency which is in them go away? they die even without Wisdom.  
Job 14. 1, 2. Man that is born of a woman is of few daiys, and full of trouble, he cometh up like a flower, and is cut down; he fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not: (and ver. 7. 8. 9 10. 11. & 12.) For there is hope of a Tree, if it be cut down, that it will sprout again; and that the under-branch thereof will not cease: though the root thereof wax old in the ground, and the stock thereof dry in the earth; Yet through the sent of water it will bud, and bring forth branches like a plant. But man dieth, and wasteth away: yea man giveth up the ghost, and where is he? As the waters fail from the sea, and the flood decayeth and drieth up: So man lieth down and riseth not, till the heavens be no more, they shall not awake out of their sleep.  
Psal. 103. 15. 16. As for man, his days are as grass, as a flower of the field, so he flourisheth; for the wind passeth over it, and it is gone, and the place thereof shall know it no more.  
From these two places compared we may see, that man (not his flesh only, for that makes not man; but flesh and spirit sensu conjuncto make Man) is not as a Tree, when he is cut down, whose spirit liveth, and sprouteth forth, and continueth: but as the flower of the field, (not the stalk, but the bare flower) which totally fadeth and perisheth: Therefore Man is wholly mortal: He shall die, and the Son of Man shall be made as grass, Isa. 51. 12.  
2 Cor. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. there our Being after death is called A building of an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens: with this the Apostle desires to be clothed: and what it is he defines, viz. mortality swallowed up of life: whence it is most evident, that all his hope of future life was grounded upon the Resurrection, and that his hope was altogether grounded thereon, he confirms, 1 Cor. 15. arguing, If Christ be not risen, the dead should not rise: and (ver. 18.) They which are fallen asleep in Christ are perished, and (ver. 14.) Then is our faith also in vain; whose end (1 Pet. 1. 9) is the salvation of our souls. How should then all be in vain, if our souls as soon as breath is out of the 
10. Abs.  body enter into glory and salvation? For by that, though there were no Resurrection of the flesh, we should receive the end of our Faith, the Salvation of our Souls: Nay further, he maketh all our hope to be in this life, if there be no Resurrection; for ver. 19 having shown the evils that follow the denial of the Resurrection, saith; If in this life only we have hope in Christ, we are of all men most miserable: whence plainly appears, that the denial of the Resurrection confines all our hopes within this life, and so all our sufferings, persecutions, prayers, faith, etc. were to no purpose: which could not be by this Soulary fancy of present reward of beatitude after this life.  
1 King. 2. 2. David saith to Solomon, I go the way of all the earth: that is, as all the earth must see corruption, so must he; and if his Soul were part of him, yea, himself, so must it; 
k 11. Abs.  else should he not go the way of all the earth.  
And the expression in Iosh. 2. 13. Deliver our lives from death, importeth absolute mortality: for if Death be not dissolution of life, or its depravation, how can it be said to suffer death? not by a bodily separation, for that is but as the laying down of a burden, wherewith it was clogged and tired, whereby it is made more lively ten thousand times; (as my Opposites confess;) and so, can no more be said to be dead, than a 
l 12. Abs.  Porter when he is disburdened of his Load.  
job. 34. 15. All flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again unto dust.  
Eccl. 3. 19 That which befalleth the Sons of Men befalleth Beasts; even one thing befalleth them; as one dyeth, so dyeth the other: they have all one breath, so that they have no pre-eminence above a Beast: for all is vanity.  
Wherefore if their Breath be all one, than God breathed no other Breath, (that is, life or soul,) into Man, than he gave to Beasts: So that if Man be Fallen, and the Beasts be cursed for his sake, Man must 〈◊〉 equally mortal with them.  
1 Tim. 4. 8. I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kep● the faith, henceforth there is laid up for me a Crown of Righteousness which the Lord the righteous judge shall give me at THAT DAY, and not to me only, but to all them that love his love his appearing. Here from the finishing of his course a Crown being laid up, (which is even the same which Peter Epist. 1. cap. 1. 9 maketh the end of our faith, the Salvation of our souls) to be given at THAT DAY, concludes an intermission to him and us till then.  
1 Tim. 6. 14. 16. Keep this Commandment until the appearing of our Lord jesus Christ, who only hath immortality dwelling in light, which no man can approach unto, whom no man hath seen, nor can see.  
Whence appeareth, that none ever entered into Heaven since the Creation: And it is in vain for my Opposites to say it is meant of the corpulent matter only, for they make the Soul the very manhood: and none that enter therein, enter by halves and piecemeal: and this is confirmed by joh. 3 13. And no man hath ascended into Heaven, but he that came down from Heaven, even the Son of man, which is in Heaven.  
Psal. 6. 5. For in death there is no remembrance of thee, in the grave who shall give thee thanks?  
Psal. 89 11. 12. Shall thy loving kindness be declared in the grave? or thy faithfulness in destruction? shall thy wonders be known in the dark? and thy righteousness in the Land of forget fullness:  
Isa. 38. 18. 19 For the grave cannot praise thee: death cannot celebrate thee: they that go down into the pit cannot hope for thy truth. The living, the living, he shall praise thee, as I do this day: the Father to the Children shall make known thy truth.  
Hence it is plain that during this Death Man is void of actual Being: for had he then an incorruptible or present actual Being in glory; he should be more capable of the praise and remembrance of the Lord, than he was before he died.  
job. 3. from the 11. to 20. Why died I not from the womb? etc. for now should I have lain still, and been quiet, I should have slept, and then I should have been at rest; as a hidden untimely birth, I had not been; as Infants that never saw light: there the Prisoners rest together, they hear not the voice of the Oppressor.  
Hence followeth, that during this Death there is no more present Being to man, then to an hidden abortive Embryo in this life; and no more capability, then light to unborn Infants; nor more oppression or torment, then where there is none to oppress: which is to say, He absolutely IS NOT: Answerable to that of jacob, me have ye bereft of my children: joseph is not, and Simeon is not, Gen. 42. 36.  
job. 4. 17. 19 20. 21. Whose foundation is in the dust, they perish for ever: that is, cease to Be till the Resurrection.  
Luke 20. 37. 38. Now that the dead are raised etc. relating to Exod. 3. 6. I am the God of Abraham, etc. From whence Christ proveth the resurrection: But if Abraham, Isaac, etc. had then lived in their souls, it had been no Argument to prove the resurrection; for he had been the God of living souls Abraham, Isaac, and jacob, though there had been no resurrection. Besides, he saith all live unto him: and this saying is ascribed unto the dead: therefore, as well may we argue from thence, that they lived in their bodies, as say, they were dead in body, but alive in soul unto God: for it is impossible to be potentially and actually living at the same time.  
Psal. 89. 48. What man is he that liveth, and shall not see death? shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? Selah.  
Act. 1. 31. He seeing this before, spoke of the Resurrection of Christ, that his soul was not left in Hell, neither his flesh did see corruption: whence is clear, that spirit, life, breath, or soul are subject to the grave, as well as body or flesh; for Christ's soul as well as his flesh was in Hell, that is, the grave or bonds of death: so that he wholly and thoroughly died for us.  
Eccl. 4. 1. 2. 3. doth show, that the living suffer oppression, but to the dead is none: and cap. 9 45. they know not any thing; for a living Dog is better than a dead Lion: therefore, Psal. 146. 2. David saith, I will sing praises unto my God while I have any being; implying that in death is there is none: And I am. 4. 14. Our life is even a vapour that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. And Rev. 16. 3. every living soul in the Sea died: and cap. 30. 4. 5. dead souls lived again. And Psal. 39 5. man at his best estate is altogether vanity; compared with Rom. 8. 19 the creature was made subject to vanity; that is corruption, all which declare man's total death. And Act. 23. 6. & 24. 21. & 26. 6. 7. most clearly show that all hope of future life and Being is in the Resurrection.  
Thus much of Scripture, now to Natural Reason.   

CHAP. III.  
Natural Reasons to prove it: with Objections Answered.  
IF we will rationally argue concerning the Soul, it is necessary to define what that is, to which it is ascribed: But since it is defined by some one way, by some another way, I shall produce some Opinions about it; and then bring the most rational to trial, omitting the more frivolous: viz.  
The Stoics held it A certain blast hot and fiery: or the vital spirit of the blood: The Cretians, Blood: Galen, a certain exhalation of the purest blood: Zeno, Cleanthes, Antipater, and Possiodonius, a hot complexion, or corporeal quality diffused through the whole body: Democritus, Fire, and his opinion was, the round Atoms being incorporated by air and fire do make up the Soul: Pythagoras, opinionated it a Number moving of itself: Plato, a substance to be conceived in the mind, that received motion from itself, according to number and Harmony: Aristotle, the first continual motion of a body natural, having in it those instrumental parts, wherein was possibility of life: Dinarchus, an Harmony of the four Elements: Nemesius divides it into Fantasy, judgement, Memory: Aristotle in his Physics, into vegetative, sensitive, motive, appetetive, intellective: And Ambrose Parey, pag. 895. saith, the soul is the inward Entelechia, or the primative cause of all motions and functions both natural and animal, and the true Form of a man: It seethe, heareth, smelleth, toucheth, tasteth, imagineth, judgeth, etc. And more exactly pag. 83. lib. 3. cap. 1. he saith, the soul is commonly distinguished into three Faculties: Animal, Vital, Natural: The Animal, into Principal, Sensetive, Motive: The Principal, into Imaginative, (seated in the upper part of the brain) Reasonable, (the middle part of the brain,) Memorative, (Cerebellum) or after-braine. The Sensetive, into Seeing, (the eyes) Hearing, (the ears) Smelling, (the nose) Tasting, (the tongue, ) Touching, (the body) The Motive, into Progressive, (legs) Apprehensive, (hands.)  
The Vital, into Dilative, or parts for respiration, (weasand, lungs) Concoctive, or parts for vital motion, (heart and arteries, understood by the Pulsificke Faculty.  
The Natural, into Nutrative, Active, Generative: which three are performed by the help of the Attractive, (the gullet) Retentive, (lower passage or the stomach) Concoctive, (body of the ventricle) Assimulative, (three small guts) Expulsive, (three great guts.)  
Augustine and Athanasius say, it is a substance created, a spirit intelligent, invisible, immortal, incorporeal like the Angels.  
And there be several Opinions of its Body: Lucippus and Hipparchus say, it hath a fiery Body: Critias and Anaxemines, Woolnor and others an aerial body: Hesiod, an earthly: Epicurius, fiery and airy: Zenophon, watery and earthly: Drone, a middle betwixt the spirit and the body: Didimus and Origen, a third substance.  
Divers other conceptions and fancies there be, to uphold this ridiculous invention of the Soul traducted from the Heathens, who by the Book of Nature understood an immortality after Death; but through their ignorance how, or which way; this invention (reported to be Plato's) was occasioned, and begat a general belief: and so they, and after them the Christians have thus strained their wits to such miserable shifts, to define what it is, but neither conclude any certainty, or give satisfaction therein. Yet since it is generally concluded to be in man, and of man; but what, where, or how no man knows, though such several opinions be, if but examined: I'll pitch upon those which afford most conceptory definition: that is, that of Aristotle, Nemesius, or Ambrose Parey, which make the Soul to be all the internal and external Faculties of Man jointly considered: or Man Anatomised: and thereto Reply thus.  
All the Faculties of Man (sensu diviso or conjuncto) are all, and each of them mortal; as well those that are peculiar to man, as those that are common to Beasts: and if all those, with his corpulent matter completing Man, be proved mortal; then the invention of the Soul upon that ground vanisheth: which I thus prove.  
All elementary compositions or Temperatures are mortal, and transitory:  
But Man's Faculties à minore ad majus are Temperatures:  
Ergo, Mortal.  
The Minor is thus proved.  
That which is subject to intention and remission is a Temperature:  
But all Man's Faculties, yea those of Reason, Consideration, Science, etc. all that distinguish Man from a Beast, are augmented by Learning, Education, etc. lessened by Negligence, Idleness, etc. and quite nullified by Madness: Ergo.  
That those Faculties are Temperatures, I further prove thus:  
A Temperature is a Quality; and a Quality may be in the Subject, or absent from it, without the destruction of the same subject.  
But Reason, Understanding, etc. may be absent from the Body their Subject, and yet the Body living: as, in mad men, and persons in the Falling-sickness; and none will deny they are men at that same time: Ergo.  
Object. Qualities of the Body are subject to sense: But Understanding, etc. subject to none: Ergo.  
Answ. A hot and dry brain is quickwitted, which by moisture and coldness is altered: and so we are disposed according to the present constitution of our Bodies.  
If this suffice not, I add: that, an effect is by passion from the cause, as motion cannot be without passion from that which moveth: for take away the cause, and the motion ceaseth: tolle causam tollitur effectus: Therefore quickness of wit cannot be without passion from heat and dryness: for overpower that hot and dry brain with moisture and coldness, as may be with Opium, and the hotness and dryness thereof ceaseth, and dulness followeth.  
Further, even from my Opposites Assertions I prove this Soul they so talk on, to be elemental, as Woolnor and others, who ascribe unto it an Aerial Body: For whatsoever is Aerial is elemental, else could it not be Aerial:  
Ergo, this Soul is elemental, and so finite.  
If this immortal spirit have an Aerial Body; I wonder what would become of it, if a living man were closed up in a Vessel, which were so solid every where, that the Air could not possibly evacuate, and there the man die; either it must perish with the man, or else remain there, through which there is no passage for its Aerial Body: So that he 
m 13. Abs.  so martyred hath an ill-favoured Paradise for his Soul.  
And further, experience tells us, If the former Brainpan be hurt, the Senses are hindered, but the Cogitation remaineth found.  
If only the Middle-pan be harmed, the Cogitation is maimed; but the Seat of Sense keeps all the five Senses whole: If any hurt befall both to the Former and Middle-pan, both Sense and Cogitation decay.  
If the Hinder-pan be disordered only, the Memory alone, and neither Sense nor Cogitation receive harm.  
So that in verity, Man is but a creature whose several parts and members are endowed with proper natures of Faculties, each subservient to other, to make him a living Rational Creature; whose degrees or excellencies of natural Faculties make him in his kind more excellent than the Beasts: So that though Parey and others do so excellently set forth his several endowments or properties of his several members, it doth not follow, that those Faculties together are a Being of themselves immortal: For as the members cannot be perfect members without them, so they cannot be faculties without their members; and separation cannot be without destruction of both: As attraction or heat is the property of fire, which cannot be, if fire cease; nor fire be, if it cease: and as well may we say the heat of the fire 
n 14. Ab●…  continueth, after the fire is dead out, as those Faculties when their Body is dead: for spoil one, spoil both; kill one, kill both; this is in that, and that is in this: The Form is so in the Matter, and the Matter so in the Form; as thereby, and not else, is an Existence, or Humane Entity: And their Being is in this Union, and their Union is in this Being: So that, take away Form, and Matter ceaseth; take away Matter and Form ceaseth: destructio unius est interritum alterius. The Form is the Form of the Matter, and the Matter the Matter of the Form; neither of themselves but each by other, and both together make one Being: therefore if one Be by the other, and thereby Both together; then one cannot consist with the other, but must Both perish together: For nothing can consist without that by which it is.  
But suppose on the contrary, one could consist without the other, as they say the Soul can without the Body; then one may be generated without the other, Soul without Body, and so according to their preposterous precepts, it is not unnatural for a Woman to bring forth a 
o 15. Abs.  Spirit, that hath neither flesh, blood nor bones, instead of a Child.  
Or if one Be without the other, as Form without Matter: Mass concepted, without the Faculty conceptive: then should all corpulent Substances be as infinite as God, without beginning, 
p 16. Abs.  and Be of themselves, and themselves Gods: But I hope all grant both impossible: Therefore they must as well end together as begin together; and begin together as end together. Moreover, experience further tells us, that they neither can Be, nor consist without other: For if Nature be deprived more, or less in her work of conception of her due, (her Forms or conceptions being by her powers Formative or conceptive, or her Form Faculties by her Facultive Forms) her Effect is accordingly: If membrally impedited, a membrall impediment; if totally impedited, a total frustration; of Matter and Form, in Both: For he that is born without any member, hath neither Form nor Faculty thereof at all: or with any membrall imperfection, that part hath not its perfection either of Form or Faculty: ●o cometh it that some are borne Fools, and never can be wise: Therefore their original Being must be together. And that their ultimate end is together, we see, that the Eye is no Eye without the Sight: and Sight no Sight without the Eye: and so of all the other Senses and Faculties è minore admajus. Wherefore, membral perfection is not so much in shape as in virtue; and virtual perfection not so much in Mass as in due proportion, and both jointly make natural perfection, which is the gift of God, or natures general instinct: So, as one can by no means be without the other, so one cannot subsist without the other: For could there be a Facultive substance (as that of the Soul is made) without its body; then a man might live when his 
q 16. Abs.  head were cut off; yea, were his whole body quite burnt and consumed away, except his GREAT TOE; he, even his Soul might as well live in his GREAT TOE, as before in his whole Mass; yea, better in that, then without all, as they childishly suppose.  
Therefore, they may as well say, the Pope's Soul is in his GREAT TOE when men kiss it, as say, the Soul liveth, when the Body dieth. 
r 17. Abs.   
Further, this Facultive Gift, or Nature's endowment can no more be said to be a subsistent living Spirit, without its Receptacle, than the Sunbeams without the Sun, which are the gift or property of the Sun, But the Being of this communication must be in the Subject, as levity in the Fire, ponderosity in the Earth: And though the natures of things be immediate communications of God's Power to Nature, yet does junctively those communications are no Entities, without God be so many several Being's; for in that sense they are not communications but absolute Being's of themselves; for betwixt Faculty and Subject is a Relation to communication, as betwixt Father and Son to Fatherhood; neither without other, nor it without both: and to say notwithstanding, as this fancy of the Soul importeth, that there may be a Facultive Substance without its Subject; then Nature's several Faculties must not be the several communications of One Being, but so many absolute irrelative Being's of themselves: So that this Doctrine of the Soul implieth, 
s 18. Abs.  no 
t 19 Abs.  God; if a God, so many several Gods as Faculties: and if but ONE, than it chaps 
v 20. Abs.  that ONE smaller than herbs to the pot: Therefore Faculty ceaseth with its Subject, or with the Subject God gathereth to himself the power, and yet his power no more by retraction, then less before by communication; and so but One Being, in whom all things are, or one Ens Entium.  
Moreover, those several Faculties cannot be united or comprehended in one body, but by the several members of the same body; for we see, if the member decay, the faculty decays: Therefore their unite substance must be terminated membrally in the body: And if it were possible they could subsist separated from their members; then in that separation their Being could not be conjunct or unite, for want of that which tied them together, the several members: And so, if any Being, so many several Being's as several Faculties: if any Soul, so many 
w 21. Abs▪  several Souls: a Fantastic Soul, a Rational Soul, a Memorative Soul, a Seeing Soul, a Hearing Soul, a Smelling Soul, a Tasting Soul, a Touching Soul, with divers other Souls of all sorts, and sizes: as, saving your presence, an 
x 22. Abs.  Evacuating Soul, etc.  
And further, that those Faculties are thus in their Subjects, and are not without them, (as accidens non est nisi in subjecto) we see, that they increase and grow with their Subjects, and perfect together: For a Child is totally proportionated (as Adam when God form him of the Earth) before the vital Faculty be actual, (as Parey saith) and the Rational requireth a due process of time after birth, before it be ripe to bring forth the fruit of Rationality, & as its Subject groweth and ripeneth, so it increaseth and perfecteth: for it is impossible, that the thing which is not actual in itself, should have a second thing actual in it; and Rationality in an Infant, is no more in it, than a Chicken in the egg, only in posse: therefore a Child cannot possibly ratiocinate, before it be actually Rational; which cannot be before Organnicall perfection: For Reason cannot Be, and not show itself; show itself and not Be; for its Being is its Rationality, and its Rationality its Being: therefore as its Organs are potential, it is potential; and as its Organs are weak and imperfect, it is weak and imperfect; and as they are perfect, it is perfect: Therefore Faculties increase with their Subjects, and if increase, they must decrease.  
Anatomize Man, Take a view of all his Lineaments and Dimensions, of all his members and Faculties, and consider their state severally, and all are transitory, even all that goeth to the Subject Man is corruptible, and himself but a Bundle of corruption, or curious Mass of vicilitudes. If all of Man that goeth to his Manhood be mortal, where then, or what is this immortal thing the Soul they talk of? we have examined all his parts and faculties, and find even all mortal: It is not sure his prima materia though ingenerable, incorruptible, insensible, indefinite, etc. Nor his Forma prima, that principle which first gives Essence to a natural Body; the first Active principle, informing and figurating the First Matter, sui appetentem; for both are general to the whole Creation, whose Efficient Cause is only immediately God himself, by whose power all things that are made shall be returned to that of which they were made, their Materia prima, or created matter: So that, (as Solomon saith,) Man hath no pre-eminence above a Beast, even one thing befalleth them.  
What Reason is there now, that Man's Faculties in a higher Degree, should be an immortal Spirit, more than a Beasts in a lower degree? but both elementary and finite.  
Further, if it be not unnatural that Seeing, Hearing, etc. should be producted by an Elementary operation, as none deny in the propagation of Beasts: why is not the rational faculty in Man as natural in Man, and may as well be producted elementarily by Man, as the other by Beasts, and be as actually mortal? If this suffice not, observe; Substantia non recipit majus aut minus, a Giant is no more a man then a Dwarf: there may be a gradual distinction, and yet no Essential difference; Degrees of Faculties in several persons, and yet the Faculties the same, and of one nature, though not equally excellent: and the Degree doth not make a Faculty more a Faculty, or less a Faculty: Therefore, if the said Faculties in an inferior Degree be elementary, so must they in a superior: But in Brutes, whom none deny to be wholly mortal, and all their Faculties elementary, have our most noble parts and Faculties scattered amongst them, though in an inferior degree: As Ambrose Parey saith, (Lib. 2. cap. 1.) If we will diligently search into their nature, we shall observe the impressions of many virtues: as, of Magnanimity, Prudence, Fortitude, Clemency, Docility, Love, Carefulness, Providence; yea, Knowledge, Understanding, Memory, etc. is common to all Brutes; the Affections and Passions of the Mind, all his Qualities good and bad, and every Faculty he hath is to be found more or less amongst them: And Parey further saith, They are of quick sense, observant of the Rites of Friendship and Chastity, they submit themselves to the Discipline of Man, they have taught Man many things, etc.  
The Hare is eminent for Memory, the Dog for Apprehension and Fidelity, the Serpent for Wisdom, the Fox for Subtlety, the Dove for Chastity and Innocency, the Elephant for Docility, Modesty, and Gratitude. Pliny saith, he cometh near the understanding of a man, that they worship the Moon and Stars: Plutarch, that they worship the Sunrising. The Ape is eminent for Imitation and Understanding, the Turtle for Love, the Crocodile for Deceit, the Lamb for Patience, the Wasp for Anger, etc. and for his Five Senses he is by them excelled.  
Aper auditu nos vincit, Aranea tactu,  
Vultur odoratu, Linx visu, Simia gustu.  
Thus Man in sensu diviso is to be found amongst the other Creatures, and in him alone those several Faculties are eminent sensu conjuncto, and so only capable of God: Therefore those Faculties being elementary in an inferior Degree, in an inferior Creature, why may they not be elementary in a superior Degree in a superior Creature?  
Now from all, this followeth, that if in man be an immortali spirit, then divers other Creatures have the like, though not in the same Degree; for if Degree therein should make or mar the thing itself, than some 
y 23. Abs.  would have no more Souls than Beasts, and some less: as Madmen; and Fools no more; and Infants less. If it be the Rational Faculty, than all men are borne without Souls, 
z 24. Abs.  and some die 
a 25. Abs.  before they had Souls, as Infants; and some after 
b 26. Abs.  their Souls are gone, as Madmen that live and perish in their madness; and some 
c 27. Abs.  would be borne, live, and die without Souls, as Fools; and some 
d 28. Abs.  would have Souls but by fits and jumps, as Drunkards, persons with the Falling-sickness, etc. nay all of us spend a great part of our days without our Souls, for while we are in sound sleep our Rationality ceaseth pro tempore: Thus this Immortal Spirit goes and comes as occasion serves.   

CHAP. FOUR  
Objections from Natural Reasons Answered.  
BEcause I have only met with one or two in this kind, I shall give a glance upon them, and pass to those Objections which are extorted from Scripture, which are various.  
Object. Wooln. pag. 324. If the Soul be compounded of the Elements, it will not follow, that it must needs be mortal; because Corruption and Death comes not only, nor so much from Propagation or Composition, as from divine Malediction: for the wages of sin is death: Without which even Adam's Body should have been immortal as well as his Soul.  
To which I answer. The Soul (by his own grounds) was chief, the body but instrumentally in the Transgression: And so, if the wages of sin be death, the Soul was under the divine Malediction as well as the Body: so that it (if such a thing be) lost its supernaturality and immortality, as well as the body: Therefore, if by this Rule the Souls Immortality may be pleaded, much 
e 29. Abs.  more may the Bodies.  
I should (according to the import of the Title of this Chapter) have produced more Objections in this kind: but finding Natural Reason silent therein, I Answer such silent ones with silence. Needs must Reason be silent in the defence of this fancy, since it cannot define what that is, to which this immortality is ascribed: Yet some beyond all Reason to uphold this ignote endless entity, say, that though it cannot be defined what it is, yet it followeth not that it is not: as we cannot define what God is, yet it followeth not that there is no God: And so it mattereth not whether it be the Rational Faculty, or no; or what it is, so long as it is.  
To this I Answer, That this is to make no distinction betwixt Reason and Madness; As if we were bound to believe that, for which there is no sense nor reason; so might we believe there were ten thousand Gods, yea blocks and stones were Gods sufficient to save: But we find in Scripture and in Nature sufficient to convince our Reasons that there is but one God, and he that one whom we worship, though our Reasons are not able fully to comprehend him; so much of him we know, as our Reasons is able to contain: whereas for this immortal spirit, there is not so much of it declared as may convince Reason what it is, or that it is; and to believe that it is, because we cannot know what it is, shall be no Article of my Belief.  
Thus proved from Scripture and Reason, let us proceed to the Resolution of what from Scripture shall be obtruded.   

CHAP. V.  
Objections extorted from Scripture Answered.  
OBject. 1. Therefore we are always confident, knowing that whilst we are at home in the body, we are absent from the Lord: we are confident I say, and willing rather, to be absent from the body, and to be present with the Lord, 2 Cor. 5. 6. 8.  
Whence is inferred a present enjoyment of Glory immediately after death.  
I Answer, that both the foregoing and subsequent matter deny such an Interpretation, or Consequence: for before, wishing to be clothed with our House from Heaven, on which is this expression of being present with the Lord, he expounds, that his meaning is thereby, that mortality might be swallowed up of life, or as he saith, 1 Cor. 15. 53. that this corruptible (man) might put on incorruption, and this mortal put on immortality: And the following matter of them words, being laid down as the reason or ground why he so spoke, prove, that by his [presence with the Lord,] he meant nothing else, but his state after the Resurrection: for saith he, we must all appear before the judgement seat of Christ, that every one, etc. ver. 1.  
Obj. 2. For I am in a straight betwixt two, having a desire to departed, and to be with Christ, which is far better; nevertheless, to abide in the flesh is much needful for you, Phil. 1. 23. 24.  
I Answer: this is of the same nature, therefore must have the same Interpretation: for Paul did not preach one thing to the Philippians, and the contrary to the Corinthians. Besides, such manner of expressions are not contradictory to this mortality; for though there be long time to the Living till the Resurrection, there is none to the Dead: for 
Psa. 39 13  from Adam's death to his Resurrection at the end of the World, will be to him, as the twinkling of an eye to the Living; yea, the twinkling of an eye to the living, is more time, than a thousand, yea ten thousand years is to the dead: For Being only commensurates with Time, or length of days; not to Be cannot possibly be capable thereof: So, that the Live tedious anniversary expectation of the Resurrection, and end of their faith; is not a twinkling to the grave: the Live Future is the Deads' Present: Therefore, it is well figurated in Scripture by sleep, as slept with his fathers, 1 King. 11. 43. fall'n asleep in Christ, 1 Cor. 15. 18. etc. not that it is so long a time to the dead, but that in nature there is nothing so represents death▪ or nonbeing, as sleep: So that this may take away all carnal security; for who would not watch and pray over night, that knows he must die in the morning? live well and be wary to day, that must rise and answer to morrow; believe to day, that would not be damned, but saved to morrow: This administers comfort to the righteous, but terror to the wicked.  
Object. 3. And it came to pass as her soul was in departing, Gen. 35. 18. Ergo, there is such a thing as the Soul, which continueth its Being after death.  
Answ. No such matter; for the sense of the words is, as she was dying, or life a departing, for the following words say she died; which could not be, if her soul (her constitutive part) lived still, no more than a man can be said to lose his hand, when he loses a finger.  
Object. 4. And he stretched himself upon the Child three times, and cried unto the Lord, and said, O Lord my God, pray thee, let this Child's soul come into him again: And the Lord heard his voice, and the soul of the Child came into him again, and he revived. 1 King. 17. 21. 22. And Pro. 14. 22. it is said, his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within him shall mourn.  
Ergo, there is such a thing as the soul.  
Ans. If it be meant life or breath, whose Being is consistent and terminated in a corpulent union: For, by that of the Child, is meant his breath or life, the thing that his corpulent matter wanted; as ver. 17. implieth, which saith, his sickness was so sore, that there was no breath left in him: Therefore, that which was gone, was prayed for, his breath or life, as his Answer further proveth, which was, and it revived.  
And by Soul in that of job is meant, his conscience; whose seat is in the reasonable and memorative Faculties. Therefore, the use of the word Soul in those places, do not prove such a thing in man as is supposed: For in Scripture it is variously used upon various occasions. It is put for the stomach, Prov. 27. 4. for the eyes, jer. 13: 17. for the heart, 1 Sam. 18. for God, Prov. 9 16. Heb. 10. 38. jer. 14. 17. for the dead body, Psal. 16. 10. for the whole man, Levit. 7. 19 & 4. 1. Acts 7. 14. Num. 15. 39 Rom. 13. 1. Gen. 12. 5. & 46. Act. 2. 41. 1 Pet, 3. 20. for breath, Act. 20. 10. for life, Isa. 53. 17.  
Therefore, from those places those parts may as well be proved so many Souls, or Spirits of Immortality, as from those where it is put for Breath or Life, its Being be proved, or such an immortal existence to be in the body.  
Object. 5. For which cause we faint not; for though our outward man perish, yet the inward is renewed day by day.  
Ergo, there is soul and body in man.  
Answ. It is not said, Though our flesh perish, yet our souls is renewed; then 'twere something to little purpose, but it is said, our outward man, which compared with what is meant by inward man, must needs be whole man; for by inward man is meant faith or work of grace, (Rom. 1. 17. & 14. 8. & 8. 1. 2 Cor. 5. 17.) which is no part of natural man: so that without it or its renewing we are men perfect, as well as with it.  
Object. 6. Who knoweth the spirit of man, that goeth upward; and the spirit of a beast that goeth downward to the earth? Wherefore man hath a soul that goeth presently to Heaven, but the beasts to the earth.  
Answ. It cannot bear that sense; for immediately before he saith, their breath is all one, there is no difference, as the one dyeth so dyeth the other, and goeth to one place, the dust: Therefore, if the beasts be reversed into the elements, so must man's. The meaning I take to be thus, that such a wonderful thing is the breath of a man, that breatheth upward, and the breath of a beast that breatheth downward, (for Spirit signifieth breath) according to that of Ovid: 
Pronaque cum spectent animalia caetera terram,  
Os Homini sublime dedit, coelumque videre  
jussit, & erectos ad sidera tollere vultus.  that its Faculty how it is, is past finding out: for Art in all her imitations could never touch that secret with her pencil.  
Object. 7. Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul, but rather fear him, who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.  
Answ. This carries the face indeed of the soul's immortality: but if the interpretation must be confined to that sense, it overthrows the current of the whole Scriptures: Wherefore, my opinion of it is, that by [not able to kill the soul] is meant, (as Luke hath it, c. 12. 4) have no more that they can do: that is, though they have power over this life, which is sown in corruption, they have none over that which is raised in incorruption, But rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in Hell; that, (as Luke hath it,) after he hath killed, hath power to cast into Hell. This doth not set forth any immortality before the Resurrection, but shows, that only that is in God's hand, and he only able to touch it, that is, cast it into Hell. That this must be so expounded, I further prove from the nonentity of Hell; for there can be no casting into Hell, before Hell be, which though it be ordained of old, Isa. 30. 33. 
No Hell till the Resurrection.  it is but in posse, not in esse till the Resurrection: For satisfaction, it is convenient to declare what we mean by Hell: for Hell is diversely used in Scripture: It is put for the grave, Psal. 16. 10. & 55. 15. Isa. 14. 15. for the Whale in which jonah was, jon. 2. 2. for Satan's Kingdom leading to Hell, Mat. 16. 18. for Satan, or his malignant spirits, jam. 3. 6. for the place of the damned, Mat. 5. 29. & 10. 28. Luke 12. 5. & 16. 23. 2 Pet. 2. 4. and this last, [the place of the damned] is that which we mean by Hell: and it is likewise variously called: as, outer darkness, Mat. 22. 13. & 23. 33. wrath to come, 1 Thes. 1. 10. & 5. 9 Chains of darkness, 2 Pet. 2. 4. jude 6. eternal fire, jude 23. second death, Rev. 20. 16. bottomless pit, Rev. 9 2. the place of torment, Rev. 14. 10. & 20. 10. Lake of fire, Rev. 29. 20. & 21. 8. everlasting punishment, Mat. 25. 41. 46. blackness and darkness for ever, jude 13. Those several expressions are generally taken to set forth the end of the Reprobate, or the execution of God's wrath upon them: Therefore, if none of the formentioned places that Hell is put for, save that of the place of the damned, be taken for Hell, than most of those several expressions suit with it: but the expressions in general grant no immediate execution after this death, but imply the contrary, as we may see, if we examine them.  
First, in Mat. 22. 13. where it is called outer darkness, and 23. v. 33. damnation of Hell, compared with cap. 25. 41. where it is said, Then shall he say unto them on the left hand, depart from me ye cursed into everlasting fire prepared for the Devil and his Angels: to this add 2 Cor. 5. 10. For we must all appear before the judgement Seat of Christ, that every one may receive the things done in the flesh, whether good or evil: and to these add 1 Thes. 1. 10. & 5. 9 where it is called, wrath to come: which thus compared show plainly, it is to come; else execution must go before Judgement, which in a Commonwealth would be ridiculous injustice, 
e 29. Abs.  as first to hang men, and then judge them. At the day of Judgement we all must receive our reward according to our deeds good or bad, THAN shall he say unto them on his left hand etc. and not before THAN: for it cannot be twice received: therefore, it is fitly called wrath to come; and the very devils confirm this themselves, Mat. 8. 25. art thou come to torment us before the time? which proveth plainly, that the time of their torment was not come: and if the Devil cannot be believed, God further clears it, 2 Pet. 2. 4. For if he spared not the Angels that sinned, but cast them down to Hell, and delivered them into Chains of darkness, to be reserved unto judgement. And jude 6. The Angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting Chains, unto the judgement of the great day: In both which places it is said, they are reserved unto judgement: and jude ver. 7. to the Reprobate is reserved the blackness for ever: and to this add Rev. 20. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. which clearly show, that at the day of Judgement both Devils and Reprobate together shall be cast into the Lake of fire: Therefore, if reserved for both till then, I'll be bold to say, it shall not be till, nor before then.  
Moreover, Rev. 19 20. it is said, the beast and the false Prophet and them that worshipped his image were cast alive into the lake of fire and brimstone: and c. 20. 10. And the Devil that deceived them, was cast into the Lake: and this v. 6. & 14. is called the second death: therefore, this casting into the Lake must be after the Fall of Antichrist, and after he hath done deceiving; and not before; for if he be there now, he hath done deceiving; for once there, it is impossible he should deceive: but that he hath not, there is more witnesses, than stars in the Sky, or sands in the Sea; our innumerable sins, whose just reward is the second death.  
If it be Questioned, where then the Devils are?  
Observe, they are but Creatures, and such as are fallen from their Heavenly mansions; therefore, within the Sublunary compass, so that as the Earth is the proper place for ponderous and gross bodies: and the Devils being more subtle and aiereal may be referred to the air; and not without ground from Scripture: for Ephes. 2. 2. the Devil is called the Prince of the power of the air: so that their casting into Hell, must be the air: and Hell may as well be put for the air in those places, as in other for the grave, etc. their prison, or place of custody, as the grave to the dead. And Rev. 12. 9 'tis said, he was cast into the earth, and his Angels etc.  
This premised, Hell and Damnation not yet; well might ignorance strain itself into such incertain conceits about the place of its Being, and it not as yet: Some have feigned it in Mount Aetna, some in the Element of Fire, which is betwixt the upper region of the Air and the Globe of the Moon; some to be in the Caves of the Earth, and Conduits of the Sea; some only in the Sea, as Archer in his Personal reign of Christ mentions, because the Devils were cast into the Swine, which ran violently down a steopplace into the Sea. Mar. 5. 3. surely, they might as well say, they have 
f 30. Abs.  Millstones about their necks, because it is also said, better a millstone were tied about his neck, and he cast into the bottom of the Sea: for the one followeth no more than the other: Some say, it is in the earth equally so far distant from the surface, as Heaven is above it: as Phillips, etc. and this he labours to confirm with Scripture: as, Pro. 15. 4. The way of life is above to the wise, that he may departed from Hell beneath. and Phil. 2. 10. That in the name of jesus every knee should bow, of things in Heaven, and things in Earth, and things under the Earth: i. e. in Hell saith he. And Luke 16. The rich man saw Abraham a far off, and Lazarus in his bosom: And Ezek. 31. 18. Yet shalt thou be brought down with the Trees of Eden unto the nether parts of the Earth.  
But those and such like places which literally seem to import Hell, conclude the thing no more, than other literal expressions prove God to have corpulent eyes, ears, hands, etc. but are expressions after the manner of men, to show the gradation of condition betwixt the wicked and the righteous, the one the extremest debasement, the other the extremest exaltation, which could not be better figurated to sense, then by Heaven and Earth.  
And in particular thus: The first, as Pro. 15. 24. is literal or figurative, which interpretation can neither be canonical nor rational; for thereby wise men must not tread upon the 
g 31. Abs.  ground, but must walk upon the Air, or upon the water, as Christ and Peter upon the Sea, (Mat. 14. 25. 29.) and there only the way of life: for it saith, their way is above, For the second; as, Phil. 2. 10. that is both prophetical and figurative, to show how in process of time all Degrees shall subject to Christ: Angels, Men, Beasts, Devils, and Death, whose Degrees is thus literally expressed to sense by Heaven, Earth, under the Earth; or Angels that are highest in dignity, and so celestial; Men and sublunars the middle, and so terrestrial; Devils and Death the lowest, and so subterrestrial.  
The third, as Luke 16. is parabolical: (of which more anon) and it seems by this, if Hell be so deep in the Earth, 
h 32. Abs.  the Damned have wonderful good eyes, to see through the earth's gross body, and the Heavens 12. Spheres into the Coelum Empyreum, to spy Lazarus in Abraham's bosom; or else Heaven must be there too, even in the centure of the Earth: this is the consequence of such parabollicall Arguments. And the 4th. or last, as Ezek. 31. 18. is a kin to those: for it is but to show, how that Pharaoh in the height of his pride and fury was brought to confusion, which in the 15. v. is expressed by, In the day when he went down into the grave, and v. 14. unto death to the nether parts of the earth, to the pit; and v. 17. into Hell: all which show but the sudden death, and utter confusion of Pharaoh and his Army: and at the utmost, Hell here can be but put for death, or the grave, and not for any such place of torment.  
There is yet an other Opinion of the place of Hell, which is the best that ever I heard or read of, and that is (according to Archers judgement) the Earth reduced to its prima materia or created matter, which he saith cannot be consumed, and there shall the Damned be cast: But lest I should dive further in the inquisition of the place then my Commission will reach, I'll leave it to the woeful experience of the damned at the day of Judgement.  
Object. 8. such a one caught up into the third Heavens: how that he was caught up into Paradise, 2 Cor. 12. 2. 4. there Paradise is put for the third Heavens: And to this compare Christ's Answer to the thief upon the Cross: This day thou shalt be with me in Paradise: Therefore, Paradise is the third Heavens, the place for the souls of the righteous, whither the thief's soul went that day.  
Answ. First, Christ was not there that day himself; for his humanity was three days and three nights in the grave after his death.  
2ly, His whole humanity (soul and body as 'tis called) suffered death, as it was necessary, for if his body only suffered, what should our souls have done for a Redeemer? (of this more hereafter) so that the saying of the prophet is fulfilled: Psal. 16. 10. For thou wilt not leave my soul in Hell, (i. e. his manhood in the grave) nor suffer thine holy One to see corruption: i. e. or there to putrify.  
3ly, If so; then the souls of the righteous have an earthly fading habitation, for the 12. Spheres are as the earth is a mere elemental condensation; and at the Day of the Lord the Heavens shall pass away with a great noise, and the elements shall melt with fervent heat: 2 Pet. 3. 10. But their habitation is of a better and enduring substance, Heb. 10. 13. eternal, 2 Cor. 5. 1. an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, 1 Pet. 1. 4. whereas, this makes it mortal, corruptible, and fading: so that, the soul changeth but one corruptible earthly mansion for an other, that shall fleet away, and no more place shall be found for it, Rev. 10. 20. and 21. 1.  
4ly, Christ was the first fruits of them that slept, and thereby (as he told his Disciples) he went to prepare a place for them in his Father's house.  
Therefore if it were then to prepare, it was not then in esse, there could be none in, before itself was in Being: so that if Abraham, Isaac, etc. as soon as they died, entered presently therein, it is as if we should be actually in a House before the House be built, or enjoy the Purchase before the Price be paid, or Possession had.  
I may (and not without ground) positively affirm, that the place of Glory for the dead Saints is not yet: and shall not actually Be till the 
Heaven o● the place of glory for the Saints not till the Resurrection.  dissolution of those Heavens and this earth, according to that of Isaiah 65. 15. For behold I create New Heavens and a New Earth, and the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind. Chap. 66. the New Heavens and the New earth shall remain before me saith the Lord. And 2 Pet. 3. 12. 'tis said, we look for New Heavens and a New Earth, (after the dissolution of the old ver. 12.) wherein dwelleth righteousness. And john after he had revealed the end and final dissolution of the world, and the Judgement of the quick and dead; saith, And I saw a New Heaven, and a New Earth; for the first Heaven and the first Earth were passed away, and there was no more Sea. And ver. 2. 3. etc. And I saw the holy City, etc. Whence is observable, that Isaiah, Peter, and john with one consent in probation that they did not mean any state in this world, expressly conclude the dissolution of those Heavens & this earth, before their prophecy be fulfilled. 2ly, that they are not the same with those, they style them New, to distinguish them from the old. 3ly, that they intent no renovation of the old, Isaiah maketh them a work of Creation: [I create New Heavens etc.] 4ly, to confirm it further, Isaiah declareth their eternity, [the New Heavens and the New Earth shall continue before me saith the Lord] 5ly, Peter maketh them pure and undefiled: [wherein dwelleth righteousness] And into this New Earth john saw the holy City, New jerusalem coming down from God out of Heaven, (ver. 2.) and heard a voice out of Heaven, saying, Behold, the Tabernacle of God with men, and he will dwell with them. ver. 3. and ver. 27. there shall in no wise enter into it any thing that defileth: whence it is most certain, that it shall never be defiled with sin, for the glory of God shall lighten it, and the Lamb is the light thereof, ver. 23. and they shall reign for ever and ever. cap. 22. 5. 6ly, there shall be no tears, no death, nor sorrow, nor any more pain: for the former things are passed away. cap. 21. 4. none of all which is computable with the state of this world: but if compared with those places which speak of the state of glory or habitation for the Saints that sleep in Christ, after this life: as, 1 Pet. 1. 4. where it is made an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away. and Heb. 10. 34. it is called an enduring substance: and cap. 11. 14. it is called a Country, and ver. 15. an heavenly Country: which so answer and correspond with this New Creation, that thereto only it is computable: therefore, they must needs be one and the same; and that they are, the prophecies themselves do witness, as, Rev. 21. 24. the Nations of them that are saved shall walk in the light of it: and cap. 22. 5. there they shall reign for ever and for ever: and Peter makes it the end of their faith, saying, we according to his promise look for new Heavens etc. and further to confirm it, compare Rev. 7. 14. 15. 16. 17. with cap. 20. 1. 2. 3 4. and you shall find, that it shall be the reward of those that come out of tribulation etc. Therefore, this is the inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled etc. the purchased possession, Ephe. 1. 14. the World to come, ver. 21. the reward and end of our faith. This being thus, it is impossible, that any should enjoy that for the present, which is yet to create: So that the Thief is found a World too short of this Paradise.  
Object. Peter saith, it is reserved in Heaven.  
To that and such like expressions I Answer, that the word Heaven being fittest to express the highness of its degree, and exaltation of its glory to sense, is used for no other end: so that the meaning is, reserved in highest dignity: for Heaven in Scripture is oftentimes used, to express the height and dignity of a thing, as, Isa. 14. 12.  
Object. Isaiah, there shall be no more thence an Infant of days, nor an old man that hath filled his days: for the Child shall die an hundred years old, etc.  
Answ. That, if this be expounded by john's Revelation, it cannot admit of an interpretation suitable to the state of this world: for he saith, there shall be no death there, cap. 21. 4. and before he showeth, that Death (the last enemy that shall be destroyed) was cast into the Lake: Therefore, it is impossible there should be any death there. So that those expressions of Isaiah are metaphorical, to express the durance of their state, which john revealeth, to be for ever and ever, cap. 22. 5. Some indeed attribute this of Isaiah to the Thousand years of Christ's Reign in the Gospel's glory, which cometh betwixt the Fall of the Beast and the wars of Gog and Magog; to which though it should relate, yet that double cord of Peter and john is sufficient to confirm the thing, both without contradiction plainly and expressly affirming this New Creation to be after the destruction of the old.  
Object. For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us, Heb. 9 24.  
Answ. If the subject or matter in hand of that place be observed, the obscurity or seeming contradiction hereto will vanish: the subject thereof is, the state of the two Covenants or Testaments; the Old and the New: the first worldly and carnal, the other heavenly and spiritual; the first the shadow, the second the substance; the first had a worldly Sanctuary, a Tabernacle made, with carnal Ordinances, patterns of heavenly things to come; which in this very place is called holy places made with hands, which were figures of the true, into which Christ entered not, but into heaven itself; that is, the Holiest of all, which was not made manifest while the first Tabernacle was standing, Ver. 8. 12. which in this place is expressed by the title of heaven itself, not intending the place of glory for the dead Saints, or his local ascension into any superior material place, but respecting his Mediation or Offering of himself, whereby now (and for ever) to appear in the presence of God for us: as ver. 25. & 26. further evidence.  
Fiftly, by the third heavens and Paradise in 2 Cor. 12. 2. 4. is meant nothing else but such a rapture as Daniel, Paul, john, etc. were in, when the Lord appeared to them in Visions, to declare wonderful things unto them; for he that was thus caught up, heard unspeakable words, which was not lawful for man to utter; Ver. 14. And for Paradise in the other place, [To day shalt thou be with me in Paradise] If it be taken of any condition to be in that present day, it must be the same he was in himself; for he was to be with him, and that was at rest, where the wicked cease from troubling, job 4. 17. where the prisoners rest together, and hear not the voice of the oppressor, Ver. 18. If not to respect the present day, or any condition therein, (as is most probable) than it must be meant, (as the Malefactor desired) when he was in his Kingdom, which could not be before his Resurrection: therefore, the Malefactor could enjoy no such soulary beatitude, as from hence is supposed, and that before he had received this Kingdom himself; but must receive the Paradise as Christ did, by a total Resurrection: wherefore it may well be he was one of the Saints that risen again soon after Christ's Resurrection, Mat. 28. 53.  
Object. 9 By faith Enoch was translated, etc. Heb. 11. 5. And Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven, 2 King. 2. 11. 12.  
Answ. This no way helpeth the fancy of the soul to a Paradise, but rather wholly confounds the conceit; for Elijah left his mantle, not his body behind, when he ascended the fiery chariot, and Enoch was wholly taken up by God, both translated or changed, and therefore, said, not to see death, because they did not sleep in their change: for in Scripture we read of a threefold gradation in death; the one sleeping in corruption, which is general, another sleeping but not seeing corruption, as Christ's, the last a sudden change, as Paul saith, Behold, I show you a mystery, we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, etc. and such as this, was that of Enoch and Elijah; and this may bear the title of death too, for as the other is a mediate, this is an immediate change, both end, and meet in one period, mortality swallowed up of life. And whereas before I affirm, that none ever except Christ ascended into heaven since the Creation, I mean of those that slept, of whom he was the first fruits, 1. Cor. 15. 20.  
Now that I may not seem to any, to contradict what before I affirmed concerning the New Heavens and the New Earth, as if I should make this place into which they ascended, to be the place intended for the Saints generally at the Resurrection, and so overthrow my former assertions, I shall show the difference, which if considered, will remove the obscurity: For before, the place intended for the Saints, was clearly proved incoruptible, and everlasting, whereas the place into which they ascended, is corruptible, and shall pass away, and its place no more be found; for the Scripture is plain, they ascended into Heaven, and as plain the Heavens shall be consumed with fire: But may be, it is supposed, that Christ and the rest passed the limits of the Creation, or that the Heavens, except that where he is, shall be dissolved.  
To which I Answer, that the Scripture makes no such distinction or difference, but saith, the Heavens shall melt away; or import any thing by Heaven in those places which speak even of Christ's Ascension, than the same, or part of the same meant by Heavens in other places which speak of the dissolution.  
Further, Reason tells us, that he must be within the compass of the Creation, for there is no beyond, without it place or being is impossible; Humanity though glorified is but a Creature, and why not then within the Creation as well as the Angels, creatures as glorious as glorified humanity? (Luke 20. 36.) if a Creature, therefore within the Creation, else could it not be a Creature, his glorification altars not his Creatureship; and the Scripture saith, Heaven must contain him till the restitution of all things, Act. 3. 31: and every Continent implieth a certain place, and every place must be material, for non datur vacuum, and every matter must imply creation, else it could not be: therefore he is within the Creation. Moreover, his Humanity not being ubiquitorie, that is, every where at once, he must be in the creation, and in some certain place of the creation.  
Now seeing Heaven in Scripture is frequently used, to express height or excellency of degree or dignity of a thing, (as Isa. 14. 12. Heb. 6. 4. Mat. 6. 32. john 3. 12. Ephes. 2. & 3. 10.) and he ascended upward from the Earth into some part of the celestial bodies above, Act. 1. 10. therefore, without doubt he must be in the most excellent, glorious, and heavenly part thereof, which is the SUN, the most excellent piece of 
Christ's A●cension i● to the Su●…  the whole Creation, the Epitome of God's power, conveyour of life, growth, strength, and being to every Creature under Heaven, it may be with other things, but nothing without it, the brightness whereof we are not able to behold at the farthest distance, and according to the famous Copernichus and Tycho Braheus, it is highest in station to the whole Creation: And it is called by the Learned, Cor Coeli, Anima & Oculus mundi, Planetarum & Fixarum Choragus, Author generationis: Fitly therefore may it be called the Right hand of God, by which through Christ in him we live, move, and have our being; for it is that which reflecteth the brightness, glory, and power of the Creator upon the Creatures mortal; his glory must of necessity be the light, else light could not be, therefore it must be by reflection, else would it be too glorious for mortal eyes, we could not see it and live: he hath drawn a veil (the body of the Sun) before our eyes, that we may stand in his shadow and live; for this light is but his shadow, which the Sun as a glass casteth upon the Creatures, it fills the Moon, Stars, and all Sublunars with as much of his glory as they are able to contain: Therefore the children of men put their trust under the shadow of his wings: for with him is the fountain of life, and in his light we shall see light, joh. 36. 7. 9 yea, such glory is he of, that his shadow is our light, we can see him but in part, a glimpse of his glory filleth our eyes, yea the whole world with light, he is light, and in him is no darkness: therefore light must come from him, or else all would be dark, nay were he not, there never could be Hell, or outer darkness; for its being cometh by withdrawing both of shadow and substance of his glory, a great gulf shall be betwixt it and the place of the Saints, that is, there shall be such a condense interposition, as nothing shall be to reflect the brightness of his glory upon it, so that it is impossible for them to find the light, and for the Saints to fall into the dark. If God's glory be not light, but true light a created matter, then at the dissolution true light shall be dissolved for ever, and no more place found for it: so in the New jerusalem there shall be no light, but the Saints as well as the Devils shall be in continual darkness: for there shall be no new light created for it, employed in these words, it shall have no need of the Sun nor Moon, but the glory of God shall enlighten it, (and that which inlightneth must needs be light) and the Lamb is the light thereof; and he shall be the same he is now, yesterday and to day the same for ever, Heb. 14. 8. Therefore this enlightening glory, or glorious light that he dwelleth in now, shall be the light then, discovered naked without reflection, they being enabled to receive it, their corruption having put on incorruption. If God be not true light, the Creation could not be consumed with fire; for if fire be matter created, fire must be burnt with fire, but that is impossible: therefore, God's glory or light must be this consuming fire, and not without reason, for hold a Burning-glasse against the light of the Sun, and the contracted light meeting with a gross body, causeth it to burn: the reason why any thing burneth, is by the combustible grossness of the body the which contracted light meeteth with, whereon it feeds, the corruption whereof consumeth or vanisheth before the purity of the light; for that which we call by the word, fire, is nothing but contradicted light, whose nature is not to burn, but the heat and burning cometh from the grossness of the matter it meets, therefore is it, that a Sea-coal fire is hotter than one of wood, the coal hotter than the flame: So when the true light is displayed, or light appeareth naked, that is, when Christ appeareth naked, that is, when Christ cometh to Judgement, clothed with honour and majesty, covered with light as with a garment, Psal. 104. 1. 2 (enlightened with the glory of the Deity,) it will be to the Creation a consuming fire; else might we behold him and live: but our corruption is not able to stand in his light; for no sooner shall we behold it, but we shall be changed in the twinkling of an eye: and then shall we be enabled, as job hath it, in his light to see light, Therefore was it, that the Lord put Moses in the cleft of a rock while his glory passed by; because his face (or naked glory) was not to be seen, but his back parts (or glory through a veil) no man being able to see it naked and live, Exod 33. 20. 21. 22. 23. If God were not light, there could be neither Sun, Moon, nor Stars to give light, or any light be in the world; yea the world could never have been, or could there be any God, or any thing: for if God be not light, he must be darkness: now darkness is no being, or can give being to any thing, it's but a depravation of light: is not cannot be, or give being: Therefore, to say God is not light, is to say, he is not, or any Creation ever was or is: so that light is from everlasting to everlasting: As this form light, or enlightening shadow is now the Author of motion, generation, and subsistence; so in the beginning the substance or true light was the beginner, and by it all beings had their beginnings: Wherefore, God being true light, it followeth, true light is no creature, or could be created, except God did create himself. And further, that he is light, the miraculous discovery of himself in visions by light doth evidence: as, his appearance to Moses in a flame of fire, Exod. 3. 2. and Ezek. 10. 4. his filling the Court with the brightness of his glory, his appearance to Peter in a light, which shined in the prison, Act. 12. 7. and to Paul in a great light, which shone round about him. Further, day after day, and night after night declare that he is light, for what is outer darkness but deprivation of his presence? so the absence of the Sun light manifests it a deprivation in some measure of his presence, the shadow of his glory, or reflected light; because then is the fittest time for conjuration or dealing with Devils, raising of spirits, or the like, according to Cornelius Agrippa; their power being greatest at the farthest distance of his glory, Diabolical apparitions, or Walks of Devils in divers places, are then only frequent, and the greater this deprivation is, the more formidable, uncouth, and terrible it is, as a daily shadow, or type of eternal night, or outer darkness. And when Christ both God and Man was in the depth of his passion, the Sun was darkened, that he cried out, my God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? as if his presence in that Eclipse had quite left him: which plainly implies, that God is light, and darkness the absence of his glory, the which the more it is, the greater is the darkness.  
Object. God said, let there be light, and there was light: Ergo, light was created.  
Answ. If that place be compared to what is ascribed to the fourth day's work, and it will be found no other, as the body of the Sun, which was to cast the shadow of his brightness for light upon the earth, and so time distinguished into day and night by its presence and absence: in which sense light may be said to be made, and so shall have an end, this shadow or his back parts we behold, but not the substance, his face, or true light, which by mortality cannot be seen, Exod. 33. 20. that is impossible. Now seeing it is clear, that God is the true light which lighteneth the world, and every one that cometh therein, and this glory chief in the Sun, the Moderator and upholder of the whole Creation. Therefore, there must Christ be, or else he fitteth not at the right hand of God in all things, or hath immortality dwelling in light, the which no man can approach. As for the Coelum Empyreum which the Astronomers have invented for his residence, I know no better ground they have for it, than such as Dromodotus the Philosopher in Pedantius had to prove there was Devils: Sunt Antipodes: Ergo Daemons. Sunt Coeli: Ergo Coelum Empyreum.  
Object. 10. Then shall the dust return to the earth, as it was, and the spirit shall return to God who gave it. Eccles. 12. 7.  
Answ. By spirit cannot be meant such a thing as the soul, except all souls go to God, and none to the Devil: for it is indifferently spoken of all: but by spirit is meant life, which hath various expressions in Scripture: it is the will of God, that dust shallbe made man, and live, and it is done, and he liveth; and his will that it shall die, and it dyeth, or returneth to what it was: he withdraweth his communicated power, and man ceaseth, [the spirit shall return] the communication, power, or faculty of life shall cease, [to God that gave it] in him that communicated, or gave it, in whom we live, move and have our being: no otherwise man's spirit (or life) returneth to God that gave it: he taketh away the breath and the creatures die, and return to their dust, Psal. 104. 29. for the life of man is even a vapour that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away. jam. 4. 14.  
Object. 11. And they stoned Steven, calling upon God, and saying, Lord jesus receive my spirit. Act. 7. 59  
Answ. This is a commendation of his life or being into the hands of God, in whom with Christ our lives are hid, Col. 3. 3. as a full assurance of his hope and faith in the Resurrection, that when Christ who is our life, should appear, he also might appear with him in glory: For God is not the God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him, Luke. 20. 38. And thus, and no otherwise, was his spirit commended, or returned to him that gave it, whose spirit goeth forth, and we are renewed, Psal. 104. 30. answerable to that of the two Witnesses, into whom the spirit of life from God, after they had lain dead three days and an half, entered into them, and they stood upon their feet.  
Object. 12. God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life. Gen. 2. 7. Ergo man hath an immortal soul.  
Answ. Then so is the foul of a Beast; for Solomon saith, their breath is all one Eccl. 3. 19 and David reckoning up the creatures, and man amongst them, saith indifferently of them all, God hideth his face, and they are troubled, he taketh away their breath, they die, and return to their dust, Psal. 104. 29. and this is further amplified in Gen. 1. 33. to every thing in the Earth wherein there is a living soul etc. and cap. 7. 21. 22. all flesh died, in whose nostrils was the breath of life: and Num. 31. 28. all which make no difference betwixt them, but as the one dyeth, so dyeth the other, and man hath no pre-eminence above a beast: For what man is he that liveth, and shall not see death, or deliver his soul from the hand of the grave? Selah. Psal. 89. 48.  
Object. 13. And it came to pass the Beggar died, and was carried by Angels into Abraham's bosom etc. Luke 16. from the 22. to the end.  
Answ. There was never such a man as Dives or Lazarus, or ever such a thing happened, no more than jothams' Trees did walk and talk. jud. 9 8. but was a Parable, to prove, that nothing is more effectual for conversion then the ordinary preaching of the Word by the ministration of the servants of God: Further, the consequence concerning the soul is but drawn from the literal sense, in which sense I shall deny it canonical Scripture; for it makes in that sense more for bodies then the souls present being in Heaven or Hell, ver. 23. 24. and maketh Abraham the Father of the Damned, ver. 24. 25. 27. 30. and ver. 22. Dives died and was buried; and yet v. 23. he lift up his eyes being in torment, and seethe Abraham etc. and v. 25. he cried for Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger to cool his tongue; which in the literal sense thus applycated, must needs be contradictory, unless his eyes, tongue, and Lazarus finger was not buried, or their souls had corporeal corpulent members, which to conceit is ridiculous: Therefore, from this place the Resurrection of the body before the day of Judgement (even as soon as a man is buried) may better be proved, than such a present soularie entrance into Heaven or Hell.  
Object. 14. By which also he went, and preached to them in prison.  
Answ. [By which] that is, by that whereby he was quickened, or raised from the dead; his divine nature, the Godhead; as the foregoing words (whereon the sense of those depend) doth evidence, ver. 18. Christ once suffered etc. death in the flesh, but quickened by the spirit, (ver. 19) by which also he went etc. So that he went and preached by that, whereby he was quickened or raised: Therefore, the preaching, here meant, was not by that which was raised: but by that which did raise; which was ministerially, as the following words further evidence, showing to whom he preached, even those which were disobedient in the days of Noah, on whom the long suffering of God waited while the Ark was a preparing: those were the spirits here meant, the wicked of those days, which are now in prison, that is, dead or imprisoned in the Elements. Here the grave or death is called a prison, as indeed it is, for therein all that die are reserved in the chains of death (the Elements) not to be delivered till Judgement, Rev. 20. 13. according to job. 3. 18. there the prisoners rest together.  
Object. 15. Therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit. 1 Cor. 6. 20.  
Answ. Before, he calleth the body the Temple of the holy Ghost, ver. 29. and ver. 15. the members of Christ; which needs must be the whole man, and not his bare carcase, for in death who can praise the Lord? in it can be no habitation for the holy Ghost, and therein were they to glorify 
Absurd.  God: to make Christ the head of such members, were to make God, the God of the dead and not of the living: therefore, by body and spirit, is meant whole man, aiming at a thorough and perfect sanctification, as well in that which respecteth thought, [the spirit] as in that which respecteth action, [the body:] inwardly to glorify God, as well as outwardly to flee fornication, etc.  
Object. 16. I saw under the Altar the souls of them that were slain for the word of God, etc. and they cried with a loud voice, etc. Revel. 6. 10. 11.  
Answ. They were such souls as lay under the Altar slain, or sacrificed, or as ver. 11. hath it, were killed; these therefore being dead souls, or martyred Saints, their cry must be as the cry of the blood of Abel: And the like vision of dead Saints confirms it, as cap. 20. v. 4. 5. And I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of jesus, and they lived, and reigned with Christ a thousand years: but the rest of the dead lived not again till &c. whence it is plain, that he beheld the Resurrection, or restoration of life unto dead souls, even of them that were beheaded, but the rest lay dead, or lived not again till etc.  
Thus much of illegitimate Objections from Scripture: Now to the probation hereof from Procreation or Generation, and as near as I can to resolve all occurrent Objections thereon, that shall confront.   

CHAP. VI  
Of procreation, how from thence this Mortality is proved.  
IT is supposed (as I conceive) by none, that what naturally proceedeth from Man simply by the course of nature, can be immortal, but must first taste of mortality: And therefore there are two sorts of Opinions to maintain this Heathenish Invention about the soul, whereon its immortality is grounded, which I shall chief encounter: the one, that it is created, and infused at the conception, and so only God's work. The other, that it is concepted by the woman through the concurrence of the seed of both sexes, but not simply by the course of nature, but by the supernatural and extraordinary assistance or efficacy of God in conception more than in other creatures: and so partly man's, and partly God's work. But that I may utterly demolish the structure of this Invention, I shall turn up the foundation of each kind in its place: But first I shall speak a word or two in general of Procreation itself.  
That whole man is generated by man, observe: That as the whole Tree is potentially in the seed, and actually in time springeth from it: or as many grains of wheat are in one grain virtually, and perfectly actual in time: so in the seed of mankind, is whole man potentially, and wholly actual in time; or all Adam's succession, which in time are propagated, were wholly in him, life and limbs, or as it is more common, soul and body. So that whatsoever in time is actual by procreation, it was at first potentially wholly in its original.  
Further, Generatum sequitur naturam generantis (He begat a son in his own image, Gen. 5. 3.) is not only philosophically, but Theologically true, Mat. 7. 16. job 4. 14. Therefore, mortal Adam must beget mortal children in his own likeness, soul and body, except the soul was no part of his likeness: For that which is immortal cannot generatively proceed from that which is mortal, as Christ saith, that which is borne of the flesh is (as itself is, corruptible, mutable) flesh, john 3. 6. so then by this mortal flesh, cannot be generated an immortal spirit, or soul that can subsist by itself dissolved from the flesh; for if it should, in 
h 32. Abs.  that act it should go beyond itself, which is impossible; and thereby more should be done 
i 33. Abs.  by man and woman in generation, than God did or could do in the Creation; for he neither did, or could create any thing greater, purer, or more excellent of nature than himself, and such as could subsist without him: But if this doctrine be true, (as Woolner in his Original of the soul averreth) fleshly man by a fleshly generation, or mixture of the seed of both Sexes doth beget or conceive something greater, purer, and more excellent than himself, an immortal substance, an Angelical entity, the Soul, that can subsist without the flesh by which it is; which is as fire 
k 34. Abs.  without light, earth without heaviness, grossness, etc. should be, by which they are: and further, the Effect to be prior dignitate, precedent to the Cause, as if a man 
l 35. Abs.  because a creature, should be before his Creator: But if it be Replied, that the soul is generated by the soul, as the body by the body. I Answer, than there must be 
m 36. Abs.  He souls and She souls: for without Sexes is no generation.  
But now to the first sort, who say it is by infusion, or as the saying is, Creando infunditur, & infundendo creature.  
To which I Answer, that in conception there is corruption or marring, according to the proverb, corruptio unius est generatio alterius: so that if it be by conceiving or creating infused, and by infusion concepted or created, that is as much to say, it is 
n 37 Abs.  made in the marring, and marred in the making: or, infused in the marring, and marred in the infusion: whence followeth, that it is neither conceived, created, nor infused; neither made, nor marred: but must be, if it be, no man knows what, or how; 
o 38 Abs.  whether an Angel, a Beast, or a Monster, any thing, or nothing: Riddle me, riddle me what's this? a Soul, a Soul! Creando infunditur, & infundendo creature!  
Secondly, if the Soul be a creature infused, than Christ did not take the whole manhood from the seed of the woman, but worse than a bare 
p 39 Abs.  brutish body, a dead carcase: But Christ was made of the seed of the woman according to the flesh, Rom. 1. 3. Act. 2. 30. and was as we are, sin excepted, Heb. 14. 15. and this our Image he received wholly from the woman: Therefore receiving his whole humanity from her, the soul can be no infused creature.  
3. That which broke the Serpent's head was Christ's humanity: But the seed of the woman broke the Serpent's head: Ergo.  
4. If we consist of soul and body, and are not men without both, and receive not our souls from him, but are daily created: Then Adam 
q 40 Abs.  is the father of no man. 2. Christ cannot be the 
r 41 Abs.  Son of man, and so no Saviour, because thereby his manhood, constitutive part, even that which should make him man, could not be by the seed of the woman. 4. So a man 
s 42 Abs.  is as much a father of fleas and lice, which receive their matter from him, as of his children. 5. Whereas God blessed man, and bid him, as the rest of the creatures in their kind, fill the Earth in his kind with men: then he commanded him 
t 43 Abs.  to do more than he had given him power for: And so to content nature, end supply her imbecility to obey, is forced to a daily creation. 6. Then God finished not the Creation in 
* Absurd.  six days, but rested before he had done creating.  
Fourthly, If the soul be infused, it must be at the conception, or after the conception: If at the conception, than every 
v 45 Abs.  abortive conception hath an immortal spirit in it, and must rise again: If after, than there is growth before 
w 46 Abs.  there is life, which is impossible; for the soul is made the vegetive as well as the motive, sensitive or rational part: and if this immortal spirit be something else, than we are not conceived 
x 47 Abs.  perfect men, and as we are conceived, so are we borne, 
y 48 Abs.  trees, brutes, or I know not what, and afterwards are made men, if we be men at all: and so 
z 49 Abs.  Infants that die in the womb, or in the birth are little better than trees, and worse than beasts.  
Fiftly, if the soul be not generated with the body, but a creature infused into a dead body, for they say, the soul is forma formans, that giveth life, and motion to the body: Then it is lawful to be a 
* Absurd.  Necromancer: for Necromancy is nothing but putting a spirit into a dead body, and so it is but an imitation of God, and God the only Necromancer, and 
a 50. Abs.  all the men in the world but Nigromantick Apparitions, whose spirits when they have done the work for which they were put into the bodies, desert them, as other conjured Ghosts do.  
Sixtly, It is granted that the body considered merely sensitive cannot sinne, and that the body is but an instrument, or as the pen in the hand of a Writer, to the Soul, whereby it acts and moves: Therefore, if the Soul come immediately from God, or there be an immediate work of his in its production; then of necessity, that immortal thing, and not our mortal flesh, is Author of all sin, and it only prone to all sin, and not the flesh, no more than a conduit though a meet instrument to convey water is the author; or fount of water, or prone to spring: And so God's immediate hand 
b 51. Abs.  is the cause of all sin, that man had better been without this soul; for it must needs be some damnable wicked spirit, 
c 52. Abs.  or some Devil that God puts in him; for such as the fruit is, such must the tree be: but the fruit is damnably wicked: Therefore, the Soul must be some damnable wicked thing: No marvel then if Reprobates must needs sin and be damned, since God infuses such a malignant Soul, that counsel them with jobs wife to curse God and die, yea such a one as wholly works out their condemnation: This is as if a man should 
d 53. Abs  break his horses legs and then knock out his brains for halting. If it be said the soul comes pure from God, and it is the body that corrupteth it. I Answer, that this to excuse God one way, makes him like the tyrant Mezentius, that bound living men to dead bodies, till the putrefaction 
Vir. Aen. Absurd.  and corruption of the stinking corpse had killed them. Besides, the mind may sin without the Action of the body, but not the body without the mind, for a man may covet in his mind, and not act with his body, and yet sin; but if he do with his body, and not consent with his mind, he sinneth not: as for example, a man may accidentally and ignorantly kill a man by a blow, which was never intended or aimed at him, and yet he not guilty of murder: but if he intent it in his mind, though he never do it, he is guilty: Therefore the body may be made sinful by the soul, but not the soul by the body.  
Now to the other kind, who say, that this supernatural work by nature, is effected by God's special supernatural assistance, operating or applicated to this natural aptitude, in whose mutual concurrence this immortal substance is concepted, and in conception united to the flesh, the whole in the whole, and the whole in every part.  
To which I Answer, that there is no more special supernatural efficiency from God in man's procreation then in other creatures, but that special gift or natural instinct to every kind of creature given in the Creation to produce its kind, whether vegetative, sensitive, or rational, Gen. 1. 25. 1 Cor. 15. 38. for the gift or blessing is all one and the same, and alike unto all according to their kinds, as appears, Gen. 1. 22. God blessed the Fowls and Fish, saying, Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the Seas, and let the Fowls multiply in the earth: And verse 28. the self same he speaks of man and woman, And God blessed them, and said unto them, Be fruitful, and replenish the earth: and by this blessing, or Nature's general instinct equally unto all, men and all other creatures continue their multiplications and procreations: So that the Fowls, Fish, etc. have as great and special assistance as Man in their conceptions and procreations, equally mediate and natural: Therefore, if by Man's conception an Angelical immortal Soul is producted, so likewise is there the 
e 54. Abs.  like in other creatures. The result of all which is this, that as Fish, Birds, and Beasts each in their kind procreate their kind without any transcendency of nature: So man in his kind begets man, corruptible man begets nothing but what is corruptible, not half mortal, half immortal, half Angel, half man; but complete man totally mortal: for through mortal organs immortality cannot be conveyed, or therein possibly reside.  
If it be scrupled, that this destroyeth the hope of our faith. I Answer, It doth but remove it from a false principle to a true, from a deceitful fancy to an infallible object, the Resurrection: For though I ascribe nothing actually to nature, but corruption; yet potentially I ascribe incorruption: as to the kernel of an Apple a Tree may not actually, yet potentially be ascribed: So I grant, that Nature produceth the Seed, to which when she hath done her elementary work, even all that she can do, and in all things transient finished her course, even from that corrupted seed Christ supernaturally raiseth an incortuptible body, 1 Cor. 15. 36. Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die; it is sown in corruption, it is raised in incorruption; it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body: Therefore nothing of Man can be immortal, but what first hath seen corruption. So that, if that which is made the better and most excellent part of Man, without which he is NO MAN (as is held) titled the Soul, shall not see corruption, it shall not 
f 55. Abs.  participate of the immortality purchased by Christ, but must needs perish except there be Ens extra Deum, as that strange invented Entity must needs be, and so consequently, 
g 56. Abs.  NO MAN shall be saved: And as before it incurred this Absurdity, that the Souls of the damned shall not perish, but stand as well as the Stative Angels: So by this, the Souls both of the righteous and wicked shall for ever cease, and never be immortallized at the Resurrection: And thence the denial both of Resurrection, Condemnation, and Salvation, Heaven and Hell, God and Christ 
h 57 Abs.  is inavoidable: After rusheth in the Epicurean Blasphemy, 
i 58. Abs.  Let us eat, and drink, for to morrow we die: And so, 
k 59 Abs.  so many bellies, so many Gods, and no other.  
It is objected, That the rareness of conception argues a supernatural immediate assistance essential, without which the soul cannot be.  
Answ. That cometh by a natural defect, and not by the withholding of God's immediate hand, else he should have a special and immediate hand in Adultery: And so Whoremongers and Adulterers sets God a work to create Souls for 
k 61. Abs.  their Bastards, which is to make God a slave to their lusts.  
Further, it is objected, That God hath from eternity decreed concerning man above all creatures, both who should come into the world, and at what time: Therefore, accordingly he must have a work in man's conception above other creatures.  
Answ. No such thing followeth, for time and number may be apppointed, and yet the due course of nature proceed, as well without as with an immediate assistance, towards man in his kind, as in Beasts in their kind.  
Moreover, Woolner in his Treatise on the Soul pag. 115. saith, That the more spiritual parts, and chief the Soul is (but partly mediately, partly immediately) conceived at the first instant, or union of the seed of both Sexes: For by it (pag. 127. he saith,) the corporeal parts are prepared and perfected: Therefore, it must of necessity be at the first instant, or else no conception: And pag. 129. That all Souls, as well of Beasts, as of men are essentially as perfect at the first instant of conception as ever afterwards, And pag. 97. he saith, The Soul can live without the body, and cannot be corrupted by it.  
Answ. That then it followeth, If a woman miscarry immediately after that very instant, 
l 35. Abs.  that the Soul of that Effluction or unshapen deformed piece of congealed blood being immortal, must needs continue its immortality, and that Effluction as well as perfect bodies, shall be raised again; for if degrees of corporal perfection hinder, than those that are borne imperfect, as without legs, arms, or hands, or any other member, as divers are, they 
m 63 Abs.  shall never be raised again, and so out of the compass of Christ's death: and though it should be granted, that Christ's death is denied an Embryo, yet that soul's immortality cannot be nullified, for immortality once begun, must never have an end, and he saith, it cannot suffer with the flesh: therefore, if not with the whole mass of man's corpulency grown to its full perfection, much less with an Embryo, that is ten times less imperfect and invalid; for he saith, it is as perfect at the first instant as ever afterwards: therefore, it must be saved or damned (if there be any for others) but no man knows how or 
Absurd.  which way, except it can be proved, Christ died for bare souls, souls without bodies, which will puzzle the cunningest soul that ever was made in the marring, and marred in the making.  
Further it is objected, Creatures propagated out of kind, as by buggery; as, Apes, Satyrs, etc. are supposed, are not endowed with reasonable souls: Ergo, souls are created immediately, or however of necessity, God's superficient power is joined to the propagation thereof.  
Answ. As I will not altogether confidently affirm they have rational souls, so will I not altogether deny it: For in Man it is some organical deficiency more or less, that is the cause, that some men are less rational than others; for some have abundance of wisdom, and some are mere fools: and in children, whose Organs are not come to perfection, there is not so much as there is in an Ape: This premised, why in some measure as far as by those improper Organs can be expressed, may they not be rational, though not in the same degree as is capable of God, as well as Infants who are as uncapable pro tempore as Apes? But perchance, it will be replied, that then Christ died for Apes, as well as for Infants. I Answer, Christ died not for the rational part separated from the material, nor the material from the rational, if there should be such buggery births, or if by that unnatural course they should meet in one, (which is impossible, for the blessing of procreating any thing in its kind, is to the kind) for that neither, but for the natural production by the conjunction of both Sexes legitimate from Adam, and not such unnatural by-blows: As for births out of kind, they come within the compass of the Curse, and cannot any ways claim privilege in the Restoration, but must expect with Thorns, Briars, and all manner of Vermin, and Filth which breedeth on corruption, to be done away, when mortality is swallowed up of life. For all other Creatures as well as Man shall be raised and delivered from death at the Resurrection: my Reasons and grounds for it be these. First, that otherwise the 
The Resurrection of Beasts etc.  curse in Adam would extend further than the blessing in Christ, contrary to the Scriptures: For as in Adam all dye, even so in Christ shall all be made alive. 1 Cor. 15. 22. For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through jesus Christ our Lord, Rom. 23. Therefore, Death coming upon all the Creatures by the sin of Adam, no death being before sin, life shall come upon all by Christ. Secondly, the beasts were not given Man to eat in the Innocence, but to all flesh wherein was the breath of life, was given the green herb for meat: Therefore, the death of the beasts, etc. was part of the Curse, and so to be done away by Christ. Thirdly, if the other Creatures do not rise again, then Christ shall not conquer Death, but when it is said, O Death where is thy sting, O grave where is thy victory? it will be answered in Beasts, because they are still captivated under its bondage: But as by one man death entered into the world, Ro. 5. 12. and by man came death, by man shall come resurrection from death, and the last Enemy that shall be destroyed is death, and death shall be swallowed up in victory, 1 Cor. 15. 21. 54. Therefore death shall not retain them, but they must be delivered out of its Jaws. Fourthly, those ensuing Scriptures do clearly prove it: Col. 1. 15. to the 23. All things were created by him and for him, whether they be things in Earth, or things in Heaven: and be not removed away from the hope of the Gospel, which ye have heard, and which was preached to every creature under heaven: And Mar. 16. 15. Go ye into all the world, & preach the Gospel to every creature: that is, Glad tidings, life and Resurrection from the bondage of corruption to every Creature by Christ: therefore, is he said to be the First borne of every Creature, the First that's borne, or raised from the Dead: so that those whereof he is the First, must follow, that is every creature, else could he not be the First borne from the Dead of them all. And Rev. 21. 5. after the dissolution of all things he saith, Behold, I make all things New: And Psa. 104. David reckoning up Men, ▪ etc. saith, thou takest away their breath, and they die, thou sendest forth thy spirit, and renewest the face of the earth: and Psal. 102. speaking of the Heavens, saith, as a vesture shalt thou change them, and they shall be changed: and Isa. saith, in the New earth the Wolf and the Lamb shall feed together, and the Lion shall eat straw like a Bullock: and Paul saith, Rom. 8. 19 20. 21. The expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God: for the creature was made subject to vanity, not willingly, but by reason of him who hath subjected the same in hope: because the Creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption, into the glorious liberty of the children of God: for we know that the whole Creation groaneth, and traveleth in pain till now. Therefore the Gospel or Glad Tidings is unto all, all are under hope, and all things, men, beasts, etc. shall be made new, or restored at the Resurrection, and so Death shall be swallowed up in victory, and mortality of life, or Death having given up her dead, shall be cast into the Lake, Rev. 20. 13. 15. Thus much by the by: Now to our matter in hand.  
But be it granted, that those births are not endowed with reasonable souls, yet doth it not follow, that God createth immediately the soul, or immediately assisteth nature in its production more than the body: for this is an instance out of kind, therefore cannot expect the blessing of the kind, but be as itself is, unnatural and cursed: for to the kind is required Sexes of the kind, and thereto God hath given the blessing to beget its kind, as well for man to beget perfect man, as for the beasts to beget perfect beasts; so that whatsoever is borne of man naturally, is man, though one be ennobled with more excellencies than another. A borne Fool would have been a better instance; for if to them rational Souls were denied, it might be thought, Nature naturally begetteth mere irrational, brutish, inhuman bodies, and rationality, or humanity is a mere supernatural work. To prevent such a cavil, I Answer, that by the Soularies ground there can be no 
n 64. Abs.  born fools, Infants new borne, yea an Embryo should be as actually rational as men of ripeness of years; for they say, the soul is rationality itself, and that rationality is no more of the body, than ink is from the pen, and the soul is absolutely perfect at the first instant, yea it is forma formans: therefore, naturam expellas, furca licet usque recurres; it is made action, which cannot but appear, for all action is apparent, and they say it is an immortal spirit, therefore cannot cease, and if not cease, it must show itself: Now why are not Infants then as rational as others? nay, let me ask one Question, If this endless soul be forma formans, the maker of our bodies, why have we not 
o 65. Abs.  endless bodies? for omne tale generat tale, every like brings forth its like; so then, if one be immortal the other must be immortal. Secondly, I Answer, that though some are fools from their birth, yet it doth not follow, that God's immediate hand is required to man's procreation, but rather the contrary: for imperfections in a thing argue the mediate generation thereof; because no imperfection of any kind can come immediately from the hand of God: imperfections are accidental, or from the curse: therefore not of creation, but of procreation.  
Now seeing all this while we have had to do with this immortal Soul, we cannot find, or the Soularies tell what it is, such likewise is its residence; for if we ask where it it? they flap us i'th' mouth with a Riddle, tota in toto, & tota in qualibet parte, the whole in the whole, and the whole in every part: that is, the whole immortal Soul in the whole body, and the whole Soul wholly in every part of the body. To which I 
Absurd  Answer, that this extends immortality or impossibility of death to the body: for if immortality be in every part, than no part of man from the crown of the head to the sole of the foot can be excepted; so we are all 
p 66 A●…  Soul all over, and every part a whole Soul immortal: So that it must either be held to 
q 67 A●…  be ubiquitory, which is an Attribute peculiar to God; or else multiplicable by a corpulent division: and so, were a man minced into Atoms, cut into innumerable bits, there would be so many innumerable 
r 68 A●…  whole Souls, else could it not be wholly in every part. 
s 69 Ab●…   
Monstrum horrendum, ingens; cui quot sunt corpore crines,  
Tota vigiles Animae supter, mirabile dictu!  
And thus the Riddle is unfolded.   

CHAP. VII.  
Testimonies of Scripture to prove that whole man is generated, and propagated by Nature.  
THat this is true secundum actum naturae, observe the sense of those ensewing Scriptures: viz.  
Gen. 1. 17. 18. compared with the 22. ver. where man and beast have an equal blessing and charge to propagate their like.  
Eccl. 3. 19 There is no distinction betwixt them, etc.  
Gen. 17. 7. I will be thy God, and the God of thy seed after thee. Here by seed must be meant persons and not bare carcases: else he had been the God of dead clots, and not of living souls.  
Gen. 46. 26. All the souls that came with jacob into Egypt which came out of his loins, etc.  
Job. 31. 15. Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb? Ergo, if his soul were immediately created, so was his body; for he, that is, his Entite, person, even all that went to make him man was form and shapen in the womb, both Epithets for procreation and not for creation.  
job. 20. 10. 11. 22. Hast thou not poured me out as milk, and curdled me like cheese? thou hast clothed me with skin and flesh, and hast fenced me with bones and sinnues, thou hast granted me life and favour, and thy visitation hath preserved my spirit. Here job sets forth exactly the manner of man's procreation, from the act of generation even to his breathing: First, poured out as milk, that is, the seminary evacuation of both Sexes in conjunction: then curdled me like cheese; that is the changing of that to a grosser matter, congealed blood: then clothed me with flesh and skin: that is, the incarnation of that condensed blood: then fenced me with bones and sinnues; that is, that carnate matter was form into humane shape, and grew into members: then grantedst me life: that is, began to breath: whence observe, that in ascribing the whole work to God, he doth ascribe it to one kind only, and not partly mediate, partly immediate; for he ascribeth even the evacuation of seed in carnal copulation, and the conception of flesh and bones in as high a measure, (yea, to take away all cavil rather a greater,) as he doth his life; poured, clothed, and fenced imply a more absolute act then granting, which is but a sufferance, permission, or assenting: therefore, his conception was merely and wholly natural: according to that of David, Psal. 51. 5. Behold, I was shapen in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. And to this add that of Zach. 12. 1. The Lord formeth the spirit of man within him. Whence it is clear, that whole man flesh and spirit is a second act, form in the womb; otherwise flesh as well as spirit must be created, which all deny.  
Gen. 5. 3. Adam begat a son in his own likeness.  
Psal. 139. 15. 16. My substance was not hid from thee, when I was made in a secret place, and curiously wrought in the lowest parts of the Earth: thine eyes did see my mass: yet being imperfect, and in thy book all my members were written, which in continuance were fashioned, when as yet was none of them: whence is evident, that his whole Person was an act of nature in his mother's womb or secret place; what of him was in the Book of God's providence, he declareth, was made (not created) in a secret place, to wit, his substance or Mass, all that went to the subject man, and I hope the Soularies will not blot his Soul out of the Book of God's providence, or say it was no part of him.  
Luke 1. 31. Thou shalt conceive in thy womb and bring forth a son: whence observe, that what she was to bring forth, she was to conceive, to wit a son; and none will deny, Christ was borne complete man, in all things as we are, sin excepted: And if any scruple arise from Rom. 1. 3. He was made of the seed of David according to the flesh, I Answer. That it is a distinction of his manhood from his godhead, as all Interpreters agree.  
Gen. 4. 1. She conceived and bare Cain: see the like cap. 38. 3. 4. 5. Judg. 13. 3. 5. 7. And Job 3. 3. There is a man child conceived. And Gen. 17. 6. And Kings shall come out of thee. ver. 17. twelve Princes shall he beget. And Judg. 8. 30. Gideon had 70. Sons out of his body begotten. And Num. 5. Then she shall be free, and shall conceive seed. and Heb. 11. 11. compared with Gen. 17. 8. and such like, plainly show man's procreation wholly natural.  
joh. 3. 6. That which is borne of the flesh, is flesh; and that which is borne of the spirit, is spirit: Here is the natural birth by nature, and the spiritual birth by grace declared each in his kind, the one a mere natural, the other a supernatural work: It is therefore inavoydablely true, otherwise the Soul cannot be saved; for what is not borne again cannot be saved, as the immediate words testify, except a man be borne again, he cannot enter into the Kingdom of God: So then, the soul as well as the body is born, that is, proceeds from the flesh, except we be born without it: Wherefore, they are no more twain, but one flesh.  
Thus having found Man's Foundation to be wholly in the Dust, from thence taken, and thither to return: Let this then be the use of all: That man hath not wherewith at all to boast no more then of dirt under his feet, but is provoked wholly out of himself, to cast himself wholly on jesus Christ with whom in God our lives are hid, that when he who is our life shall appear, he might also with him appear in glory, to whom be the honour of our immortality for ever, and for ever. Amen.   
FINIS.