COLLECTIONS OF Acute Diseases.  
The Second and Third Part.  
The Second Part, Contains all that the Learned and Experienced Dr. Sydenham, has Written of the Pestilential Fever, and dreadful Plague at London in the Years 1665, 1666.  
The Third Part, Collected from the same Author, Treats of the Depuratory Fever of the Years 1661., 62, 63, 64. and of the New Fever; together with an exact Description of that wondered Convulsion, called Chorea Sancti Viti, and of its Cure: And of the Cure of the Fever that afflicts Children upon breeding Teeth, as also of the Hectic Fever that is peculiar to them.  
LONDON: Printed by J. R. and are to be sold by H. Bonwicke, at the Read Lion in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1688.   

Advertisement.  
BY reason of many Avocations, and other Impediments, the Publisher has been much obstructed, in carrying on the Work in Hand, but is now in such a readiness that he hopes to Publish the Fourth Part in a very short time. It Treats of Agues, of a Pleurisy, Peripneumonia, Quinsey, Rheumatism, Dysentery, Cholera Morbus, etc.   

COLLECTIONS OF Acute Diseases.  

The Second Part: Of the Plague, and other Pestilential Fevers.  

CHAP. I  
Of the Epidemic Constitution of the Year 1665. and 1666. at London.  
THE foregoing Winter being extremely cold, and the Frost 
This Chapter is taken out of Dr. Sydenham's Treatise of Acute Diseases.  continuing without any Intermission till Spring, it thawed suddenly at the end of March in the year 1665. and Peripneumonia's, Pleurisies, Quinseys', and such like inflammatory Diseases, made great Slaughter of a sudden. At the same time also a continual Epidemic Fever showed itself, 'twas very different from the Genius of the continual Fevers that Reigned in the preceding Constitution, of which scarce any used to invade at that time of the year. The Pain of the Head was more violent, and the vomiting more severe, than in the former; and the Diarrhaea, which was most commonly prevented in the other Fever, by taking a Vomit, was now heighthned by the same, and yet the Vomiting did not cease. The external parts were dry as in the Fevers of the foregoing Constitution; but after bleeding the Patient could sweated, and the Symptoms were presently mitigated by it; and this might be done at any time of the Disease; whereas in the former Fever you could neither attempt it safely, nor indeed could easily obtain your desire, before the thirteenth or fourteenth day. The Blood was like the Blood of Pleutritics, and of those that have a Rheumatism, only it had not so white a Jelly upon it: These were at first the Diagnostic Phoenomena of this Disease; but in progress of the Year the Plague itself broke out, accompanied with a great Number of Pathognomonic Symptoms, as Carbuncles, Bubo's, and the like. It increased daily more and more, and came to its height about the Autumnal Aequinox, at which time it destroyed about 8000 in the space of a Week, notwithstanding that two Thirds, at lest, of the Citizens betook themselves to the Country for fear of Infection: Afterwards it began to decrease, and by reason of the cold of Winter almost ceased, only here and there one had it all the Winter, and towards the following Spring, at the approach of which it totally vanished; yet a Fever remained (though not so Epedemic) the whole following year, and even till the beginning of the Spring, 1667.   

CHAP. II.  
Of the Pestilential Fever and Plague of the Years 1665, 1666.  
I Have heretofore hinted by the by, that some Fevers are vulgarly accounted Malignant, whereas the extreme violence of the Symptoms, which seems to countenance this Opinion, proceeds not from any venomous disposition of the Disease, but from the ill Management of the Cure: For when we doubt duly attend to the solution of the Disease destined by Nature, but rashly begin some other Method, we mightily disturb the Oeconomy of the whole Body, and turn all things topsie turvy: and on this Accounted the Disease, contrary to its want, has a woeful Aspect, is different from its self, and accompanied with irregular Symptoms; so that indeed it seems of another kind: But a Fever truly malignant does not hap every day, and wholly differs from other kinds of Fevers, that are so called, by reason of the irregularities of the Symptoms; and is truly of the same Species with the Plague, only 'tis a degree below it; wherefore I will treat of the Rise and Cure of both in the same Chapter.  
That such a disposition, or texture, happens to the Mass of Air, as occasions various Diseases at different times, is manifest to every one that but considers, that one and the same Disease destroys an infinite number of Men at some certain Seasons, and at another time seizes only here and there a Man, and goes not further; and this is very apparent in the Smallpox, especially in the Plague, the Argument of this Chapter.  
But what that disposition of the Air is, from whence this Morbific Furniture proceeds, we know not; nor many other things about which the doting and arrogant crowd of Philosopher's trifle:  it be, upon this account at lest, the clemency and goodness of Almighty God is to be reverenced, because pestilential constitutions of the Air, producing the Plague (the greatest of all Miseries, and most destructive to Mankind) seldomer hap, than those that cause lesle deadly Diseases: So that the Plague rarely rages violently in our Britain oftener than once in the space of thirty or forty Years. Some here and there die of the Plague for some years after a notable Pestilence; and its want to go of gradually, by reason the pestilential constitution of the Air continues still in part, and yet is not wholly changed to another more wholesome; and therefore it aught to be accounted only as the Glean of the last Harvest: And also the Fevers that reign a year or two after a dreadful Plague, are want to be pestilential for the same reason: And though some have not the Tokens of the Plague, yet are they much of the same Nature, and require the like method of Cure, as we shall make appear hereafter.  
But besides the constitution of the Air, as a more common Cause, there aught to be also another Procatartic, to wit, the reception of the Infection, either immediately by accompanying some plaguy Person, or mediately transmitted by a Foams from some other place; for else if it should hap while there is such a disposition of the Air as we have mentioned, a dreadful Fire would presently be kindled by a small Spark, and the whole Air through that tract of Earth would suddenly beinfected with the Plague, by reason of the Breath of the Sick, and Carcases of the Dead; so that there would be no more need of a Foams, or personal intercourse to propagate this dreadful Disease, but the very Air, passing in with the Breath, would be able to destroy a Man of itself, though he were carefully removed from the infected, if he has a Body furnished with Humours, disposed to receive the Infection. This Disease, when 'tis only sporadical, afflicts some few promiscuously, at any time, the Infection being as it were handed from one to another. But when there is also an Epidemic Constitution of the Air, it gins between Spring and Summer, that being a Season most fit to produce a Disease, whose Essence chief consists of an Inflammation, as we shall show hereafter. Moreover it has its times of Increase, and Declination, like other kinds of natural things: It gins at the time we said; as the Year increases, it spreads; and as that declines, it decreases, till at length the Winter has changed the Air into a Diathesis, contrary to this Disease.  
For if the changes of the Seasons of the Year have no power over this Disease, but the pestilential Seeds being untamable by any Alteration of the Air, are transmitted from one to another in a perpetual Series, it could not be, but that when it has once entered into any popular City, it should still increase the Funerals more and more, till by a continued destruction no one at length would remain to whom it might impart its Infection: But that the contrary often happens, is clear, from the number of the dead, which increased to some Thousands in one Week in August, but mightily decreased at the latter end of November, and almost ceased. And yet I don't deny, but that it may be, and which also some Authors have related, that the Plague has broke out at other Seasons of the year, but 'tis rare, neither is such a Plague very raging; besides I very much suspect, that the disposition of the Air, though it be pestilential, is not sufficient of itself to 'cause the Plague, but that being always in some place or other, it's either conveyed by a Foams, or by the coming of some plaguy Person from an infected place to another, and is not epidemical there, unless also the disposition of the Air incline to it: For otherwise, I don't understand how it comes to pass, that in the same tract of Heaven, when some one Town is grievously afflicted with the Plague, another not far distant, by warily prohibiting any Commerce with the infected place, should keep clear of it; as not long a-go, when the Plague raged cruelly almost over all Italy, it was shut out of the Confines of Tuscany, by the Care and Prudence of the Great Duke.  
It's first approach is almost always accompanied with shaking and horror, like the Fits of intermittent Fevers, presently violent Vomitings, a pain about the Region of the Heart as if'twere pressed, a burning Fever, with the usual concourse of Symptoms, perpetually molest the Sick, till either Death itself, or a happy eruption of a Bubo, or Parotis, discharges the morbific matter, and so frees them from that deplorable condition. It does indeed now and than hap, but seldom, that it comes without any sense of a Fever before, and suddenly destroys Men. The Purple Spots, which are the Forerunners of present Death, breaking out, as they are about their Business; but this sudden Death (which is to be noted) scarce ever hapens, but at the beginning of a dreadful Plague; and is never, when it remits, and is weakened, or in Years in which 'tis not epidemical. It sometimes also happens that tumors appear, when neither a Fever, nor any other grievous Symptom went before; but I imagine that some little shaking or horror, though lesle perceptible, always precedes. They that are after this manner, may safely walk about the Streets at pleasure, and do their Business, as if they were well, not regarding any Regimen.  
As to the essence of this Disease, I dont pretend to define it exquisitely, and perchance, he would seem as impertinent to wise Men, who should ask me, what constitutes this, or that sort of Sickness, as I should, if I should ask him the same Question, concerning a Horse for instance, among Animals, or Betony among Plants: For Parent Nature accomplishes the Generation of all things, which any time she brings to Light from the Bosom of Causes, by most certain Rules, only known to herself, and hides their Essence, Quiddities, and constitutive Differences, in the greatest obscurity. Hence every Species of Diseases, not lesle than of Animals, or Vegetables, is always allotted Affections peculiar to itself, and univocal, flowing from its Essence: And yet notwithstanding, that Question will not be very considerable, to wit, How we should cure Diseases, when we are ignorant of their Causes? For as much as the Cure of most Diseases is performed, not by the knowledge of the Causes, but by a convenient Method, approved by Experience. But to return to the business, because we are want to deduce the Rise of all similar Diseases from a Fault of the first or second Qualities (which we can only do by reason of our great ignorance of things) 'tis probable, that the Plague is a peculiar Fever, of its own kind, proceeding from an Inflammation of the most spirituous Particles of the Blood, for as much as they seem most adequate to its most subtle Nature: If it exert the greatest subtlety, with which 'tis endowed, it suddenly dissipates the native Heat, and so kills the Patient, as is seen at the beginning, and state of an Epidemical Constitution. The Corpse of those who are so suddenly destroyed, by the violence of this Disease, are every where disfigured with Purple Spots, the Fibres of the Blood being broken in pieces, by reason of the violence of the intestine Conflict, and the frame of it wholly dissolved: And this Tragedy may be acted by reason of the great subtlety of its Flame, even without any febrile ebullition of the Blood, or sense before of any other Sickness, otherwise than it most commonly happens, where the Morbific Cause is lesle subtle, and the Weapon more obtuse with which it assaults Life; the manner of the difference may be thus bluntly represented: For Instance, If a Needle, or any other sharp thing, be put under a Pillow, and forceably pressed, it does not lift it up, as some things of a duller point would, but perforats it. But this kind of sudden Death seldom happens, and only, as we said before, at the beginning, or increase of the Plague: For most commonly, as in other Fevers, shaking and horror first invades, and heat presently succeeds, which continues till the inflamed Particles of the Blood are banished to the Emunctories, by the provident conduct of Nature, and there turned into Puss, after the manner of common Phlegmons. If the Inflammation be more remiss, its want to produce those Fevers which are commonly called pestilential, which often hap at the end of a pestilential Constitution; and perhaps a year or two after, till that species of Fevers wholly disappears.  
In my opinion, that Inflammation which is called an Erisypelas, is much like the Plague; for 'tis accounted by the best Physicians a continual Fever, arising from the thinner part of the Blood, from which that Nature may free herself, she expels it to some external part of the Body, in which a Tumour, or rather broad read spots dispersed (for a very visible Tumour does not often appear) arise, which they call an Erysipelas; but the Fever goes of critically by this Tumour, after it has afflicted the Sick a day or two. And moreover, sometimes, there is want to be Pain in the Glandules of the Armpit, or Groin, as in the Plague; and it gins also almost like it, with Horror, and a febrile heat following it: So that they who have not had this Disease before, think they are seized with the Plague, till at length it shows its self in the Leg, or some other part: And indeed some Authors have imagined that there was somewhat of Malignity in this Distemper, and therefore have proceeded in the Cure with Sudorificks, and Alexipharmacs. This Flame soon goes out of its own accord, and does no further mischief, when by means of the ebullition, the torrid particles of the Blood are cast out.  
But the Plague far exceeds an Erysipelas; for by reason of the great tenuity of its substance, 'tis fitted to pass through the innermost recesses of the Body like Lightning, and suddenly destroys the Spirits of the Blood, and dissolves its frame, before oppressed Nature can raise a febrile ebullition, the wont means by which she endeavours to remove whatever is offensive to the Blood.  
If any one be dissatisfied with my Opinion, to wit, that this Disease is occasioned by an Inflammation, let him consider, that not only the presence of a Fever, but also many other things, favour this Opinion. For instance, the colour of the Blood taken away, which is like that of Pleuritics, and of those that have a Rheumatism, the adust appearance of a Carbuncle, not unlike the impression of an actual Cautery, the Buboes, which are as much inclined to an Inflammation as other Tumours of any other sort, and they end in abcesses, as most inflammations are want to do; and also the Season of the year, in which an epidemic Plague most commonly breaks out, seems to confirm the same; for at the same time, viz. between Spring and Summer Pleurisies, Quinsies, and other Diseases that proceed from an Inflammation of the Blood, are want to be epidemical; and I never knew them more frequent than they were before the Rise of the London Plague. But 'tis of no importance, that that very year so dreadful, by reason of the destruction of many thousands, was otherwise most mild and healthy, and that all that escaped the Plague were better in health, and also that those who recovered of it were afterwards freed from Cachexies, and other indispositions usually occasioned by the relics of former Diseases. And moreover, that the imposthumated Carbuncles (after the inflamed particles were carried of with the matter) were easily cured by Chirurgical means, and those too not very exquisite.  
But perhaps, some one will ask, How it comes to pass, that hot Medicines, such as are almost all Alexipharmacs, should be used with good Success, both as to the cure of the Plague, as also for preservation from it, if it consists of an Inflammation? To whom I answer, That these things do good only by accident, to wit, by the benefit of Sweat that they produce, by which the inflamed particles of the Blood are exterminated; but if they don't cause sweat when they are taken, as it very often happens, the flame of the Blood, increased by their adventitious heat, soon proclaims openly the mischief of them. In a word, as to preservation, I know, that the use of hot Antidotes is also every where commended, but with what success is not yet proved: Indeed 'tis rather probable, that Wine drunk too freely, and other strong preservatives taken daily at set hours have cast many into this Disease, who otherwise might not have had it.  
As to the Cure of these Fevers, the Curative indications are first to be minded, which in general, are so to be directed, that either, exactly following the conduct of Nature, we assist her in exterminating the Disease; or not trusting to the method she is want to use in conquering this intestine enemy, we substitute by Art, in the room of it, a contrary and more safe. But perhaps some one will say, that the cure of the Plague may be well enough performed by Alexipharmacs, great numbers of which may be found in practical Authors: but truly 'tis very disputable, whether the help these Medicines afford, don't rather proceed from their manifest qualities, by which, procuring Sweat plentifully, they prepare a way at the same time, for the exclusion of the Morbific matter, than from a certain occult Virtue allotted them by Nature, to expel the Venom of the Pestilential Malignity. Neither may we only doubt of these, but also of the Alexipharmacs of other Diseases, viz. Whether they don't relieve the Sick, rather by stirring up some Evacuation, than by a Specific Virtue; for instance, in the French Pox; he that objects, that Mercury and Sarsaparilla are Alexipharmacs; for the Venom in that Disease, must produce some examples of Cures, in which That did sometimes restore Health without Salivation or Stools, and this without Sweat; which I believe will be very difficult for him to do: But it seems probable to me, that the peculiar Remedy, and proper Alexipharmac of the Plague, yet lies hid in Nature's Bosom; nor can it be taken thence, but only by a Mechanic Reason.  
But that we may a little more fully consider the former intention, which requires, that we should assist Nature after her own way and manner, in expelling the Morbific matter: 'tis to be noted, that in a true Plague, Nature performs her business by some abcess breaking out in the Emunctories, and so the matter is cast out, when she does not err, of her own accord; nor is violently forced out of the way; but in the Fever we call Pestilential, the same is performed by means of Sweat, through the whole superficies of the Body. Whence we may learn, that according to the various ways and order, which Nature discovers in both Diseases, a different method of Cure aught to be instituted; for if any one endeavours to expel the matter of a true Plague by Sweat, he proceeds in a method opposite to Nature's for as much as she attempts to do it by Imposthumes; and on the contrary, he that endeavours to eliminate the matter of a Pestilential Fever, any other way than by Sweat, takes a course no way agreeable to her conduct and inclination. But in the true Plague, 'tis not yet known by what fit and certain kind of Remedies, the ejection of the Morbific matter, that is, the eruption of the Imposthumes may be promoted. Perhaps some one may imagine, that a corroborating Diet, and Cordials, may conduce to it; but truly, I should very much doubt, jest they should increase the heat of the Patient, that is too much already. And as to Sweats, I am fully satisfied by experience, that they signify nothing in this case, though I don't deny, but that after great Sweats, continued for the space of three or four hours, and than suddenly stopped, the tumour shows its self; but I don't think, 'tis at all occasioned by the Sweat; for as much as, when 'tis at height, there appears no sign of its eruption: when 'tis over indeed, it may follow, as it were by accident, to wit, when the Sweat has removed part of that burden, by which Nature was too much oppressed, and the Body violently heated by Cordials, taken to raise it. But how fallacious and uncertain this ejection of the peccant matter, is by imposthumes, occasioned by Sweat, the lamentable end of those testifies, who have been treated after this manner, of which scarce one in three, (to speak within bounds) escape the danger of the Disease and Cure. But on the contrary, many on whom the Tumours broke out in the right manner, even when they were intent on their business, and without any sensible hurt of any natural, vital, or animal faculty, recovered in a short time: except those, who unfortunately falling into the hands of a Quack, and composing themselves to Sweated, by his Advice, though they were very well in Body and Mind, began from that very time to grow worse; and their sickness increasing, they sufficiently demonstrated the injury of this unlucky Counsel, by their own death. But the uncertain Judgement of this Disease by Tumours, is manifest; for that sometimes a Bubo, which comes out at first laudably, and with remission of the Symptoms, afterwards disappears of a sudden, and instead of it, Purple Spots, the certain tokens of Death succeed. The cause of the going in of the Tumour, seems of right to be attributed to those Sweats, which were designed to promote its eruption; for as much as, they dissipated, other whither through the habit of the Body, the chief part of the matter, which should have served to have kept up the Tumour. However it be, this at lest plainly appears, that by the benignity of Almighty God, certain ways of casting out the Morbific matter, are appointed in other Diseases: but for this Scourge of heinous Iniquity, only a very uncertain one. And perchance, the Cause and Original of this great destruction, may be as properly deduced from hence, as from Malignity; for in the Gout, and other Diseases that have little suspicion of Malignity, the striking in of the Morbific matter is full as destructive. From all which it manifestly follows, that the Physician, who is obliged to follow exactly the conduct and inclination of Nature, aught here to renounce her guidance; the truth of which, because few have hitherto sufficiently understood, therefore the number of those whom the Plague destroyed, was not a little increased.  
Wherhfore, seeing 'tis not at all safe to follow the Footsteps of Nature in exterminating this Disease, we must consider, in the next place, by what means we may satisfy that intention, which we call the second; namely, by instituting a solution of this Disease, contrary to that of Nature, and this I think, can only be done by these two ways, viz. either by Bleeding, or Sweat. As to the first, I am very sensible, that Bleeding is much abhorred by most in this Disease; but being little concerned at the prejudice of the Vulgar, I will fairly discourse the Validity of the reasons in this Question. And first I appeal to those Physicians that continued in Town when the late Plague raged, whether they ever observed, that large Bleeding, and often repeated, before any Tumour appeared, was the cause of any one's Death that had the Plague: But 'tis no strange thing, that bleeding sparingly, or after the Tumour is come out, should be always hurtful; for when only a moderate quantity of Blood is taken away, the administration of Affairs is forced out of Nature's hand, who endeavoured all she could to 'cause a Tumour; and yet in the mean while another Method is not substituted, that is powerful enough to evacuate the morbific matter: And bleeding used, after the Tumour appears (for as much as it draws from the Circumference to the Centre) induces a motion quite contrary to that of Nature, which is from the Centre to the Circumference; and yet nothing is more commonly urged as a mighty Argument by those of the contrary opinion against bleeding in general in this Disease, than the injuries of Phlebotomy, administered after this perverse manner, as may be every where seen, in Diemerbroek, and other Writers of Observations. As for myself, I can't assent to their Arguments, till I understand what they answer to the Question above proposed: For very many Authors, and those of the best Note, have thought bleeding proper in the Plague; the chief of whom are Ludovicus Mercatus, Joannes Costaeus, Nicholaus Massa, Ludovicus Septalius, Trincavellius, Forestus, Mercurialis Altomarus, Paschalius, Andernachus, Pereda, Zacutus Lucitanus, Fonseca, and others: But there is but one that I know, who places the whole business of the Cure in as large a bleeding as we require, to wit, Leonardus Botallus, one of the most famous Physicians of the former Age, whom I will quote, jest I should be thought singular in this Practice; In a word, says he, I think there is no Plague in which this 
In his seventh Chapter, Of the Cure by bleeding.  may not be better, than all other remedies, so it be used opportunely, and in a convenient quantity, for I suppose 'tis found unprofitable sometimes; for that either 'tis used too late, or lesle is taken away than aught to be, or an error is committed in the using of it both ways. And a little afterwards, he adds, But in so great Timidity, and sparing Phlebotomy, how can it be that any one should judge exactly how much good or hurt it may do in the Plague? for if a Disease (for the Cure of which, the taking away of four pounds of blood was required, and but one pound be taken away) kill a man, it does not therefore destroy him because he was blooded, but because it was not done in a due manner nor perchance seasonably; but slothful wicked villains always endeavour to put the fault on that, not for that it did hurt, but because they basely desire to have it disapproved by all: or if they don't do it wickedly they do it ignorantly, by a perverse custom; both certainly are pernicious, but that most of all. All which being about to confirm by experience, a little after he thus proceeds, These things being noted, no rational man can well dispraise bleeding in these Diseases, but rather wonderfully commend and extol it, and confidently use it, as a Divine help, which truly I have done for these fifteen years. Therefore in Pestilential Diseases, at the Siege of Rochel, and four years ago at the Mountains of Hainault, and for these two years at Paris, and the last year at Cambray, I found no remedy speedier and safer in all my Patients (which were innumerable) than large and seasonable bleeding.  
And afterwards he delivers some observations, which for brevity sake I here omit, but will relate a very rare case, and suitable to our purpose, of a business performed in England, many years ago. When among the other Calamities of the Civil War, that miserably afflicted this our Coun-try, the Plague also raged in many places, it chanced to be brought from another place, to the Castle of Dunstar in : and some of the Soldiers dying suddenly, with an eruption of Spots, it seized many others, at which time a Surgeon, that had been a great Traveller, was a common Soldier there, who humbly beseeched the Governor of the Castle to permit him to do all he could do for the relief of his fellow Soldiers, that were seized with this dreadful Disease; and having obtained leave, he took away a prodigious quantity of Blood from every sick Person, at the first approach of the Disease, before there was any sign of a Tumour; he bleed them till they were even like to drop down, for he bled them all standing, and in the open Air, neither had he any porringer to measure the blood; afterwards he orderred them to lie in their Tents, and though he gave no Medicine at all after bleeding, yet (which is very strange) of those very many, he treated after this manner, not one died. Mr. Francis Windham gave me this account, who was than Governor of the Castle, and is indeed a Gentleman, and remarkably honest, and is now living, so that any one may be satisfied, that doubts the truth of it.  
I will mention what I have observed worth note, concerning this thing, when I come to treat, of those few remarks, I made by my own experience, while the late London Plague raged.  
But tho' in my Judgement I approve of this practice, and have experimentally found the utility of it long ago; yet the dissipation of the Pestilential ferment by Sweat pleases me better upon many accounts than the evacuation of it by bleeding: for as much as it does not weaken the patiented so much, nor hazard the Physician's reputation: but this has also its inconveniences; for first, many, especially young Men, of a hot constitution, sweated difficultly, and in such the more you endeavour to cause Sweated by strong Diaphoreticks, and by heaping on a great many Clotheses, so much the more are they in danger of falling into a frenzy; or what is yet worse, after having been entertained a while with vain hopes, the Tokens are forced out instead of it. For the chief venom of this Disease residing in the most spirituous part of the blood (the motion of the grosser particles being on this account somewhat more languid, than is usual in other inflammations) that tender portion is driven into a greater fury, by the accession of this new heat, and at length violently breaks in pieces all the Fibers of the blood, distended beyond the bounds of their texture; which dissolution of the sanguineous Fibers, I take to be the cause of the Pestilential Tokens. For, first, they are intensely Read, and soon after Livid or Black, not unlike stripes inflicted by a violent blow on some musculous part of the Body.  
And than in those bodies which are easy to sweated, if it be stopped too soon, to wit, before the Morbific matter be wholly dissipated, the condition of the Buboes is afterwards worse, which began to come out well at the latter end of the sweat. For that part of the matter being substracted, which should serve to elevate them, either they soon strike in, or at lest never come to true abcesses (as is want to hap in the small Pox, when the sick has sweated violently at the beginning of the Disease) but the cruel Enemy being again taken in, a commotion is stirred up in the blood, by which means the Purple spots, the Tokens of sudden death are often driven out: in the manner we have described above.  
But that it may be more clearly evident by what means we may obviate these and the like difficulties, I will faithfully set down what has been done and observed by me, so far as I was able, in this Disease, beginning from the rise of the late Plague.  
At the beginning of May, 1665. I visited a Noble Lady, about one and twenty years of age, of a Sanguine complexion, besides the burning Fever, which began a little before, frequent Vomitings and other Febrile symptoms molested her. I began the Cure with Phlebotomy, and the next day to prevent a Diarrhaea, (which as I noted at the beginning of this Treatise, was want to come at the latter end of the Fever, when an Emetic was omitted, which the inclination to Vomiting at the beginning of the Disease required) I ordered a Vomit that carried of the filth of her stomach very well: The day after, visiting her again, I understood she had a Diarrhaea, which being very unusual for some years, did not a little perplex me; but from thence I gathered that this was no common Fever, (as was also apparent from the event) and therefore required another method of Cure, different from that I delivered in another place, which I had used hitherto with continued success. Wherhfore another elder Physician being called in to assist me, bleeding was repeated by our joint consent; which the age and constitution of the Patient, and the inordinate ebullition of the blood seemed to require; and also Cordials moderately cooling were prescribed, and Clysters were injected every other day. At the latter end of the Disease we ordered some of the stronger Alexipharmacs, because very unusual and irregular symptoms invaded, commonly reckoned the signs of great Malignity: but all doing no good, she died about the fourteenth day. I had various thoughts for some days after, about the odd disposition of this Fever; and at length remembering the violent heat which continued in the foresaid patient, even after repeated bleeding, that there was a redness in the Cheeks, and that some drops of blood flowed from her Nostrils a little before her death, and that also the blood when 'twas cold in the porringers was not unlike that which is taken from Pleuritics; moreover that she had a Cough, and certain obscure pains in the vital parts: besides that that season of the year approached, which contains the end of Spring and beginning of Summer, and which is lesle disposed for the production of continual Fevers, (for these of their own accord, at this time, either turn to intermittents, or suddenly change to Pleurisies, or other inflammations of the like kind); and lastly, that Pleurisies at that very time were very Epidemical. All these things, I say, being duly weighed, I was of the opinion that this Fever, tho' 'twas destitute of the Pathognomonic signs of a Pleurisy or Peripneumonia, had the importance of a Symptom, on the account of a certain Inflammation lurking about the vital parts, tho' there was no pain of the side, nor no considerable difficulty of breathing: To be short, at length I was persuaded that I must wholly proceed, in the 'foresaid case, with the same method which I had often used, with excellent success, in a Pleurisy; and indeed it afterwards succeeded as well as could be wished: for being called a little while after to a Man that was ill exactly after the same manner I began and finished the Cure by repeated bleeding, as is commended in a Pleurisy. About the latter end of May and the beginning of June, very many, desiring my assistance, were recovered from this Fever (which was than very Epidemical) by the 'foresaid method. From this time that dreadful Plague began to rage's cruelly, which at length was so very mortal, that in the space of seven days it destroyed so many thousands in this one City.  
But whether the Fever, of which we have now Discoursed, deserve the name of the Plague, I dare not confidently affirm: but this I know experimentally, that all that were seized with the true Plague at that time, and sometime after in my Neighbourhood, with all the Symptoms peculiar to it, had the same concourse of Symptoms both at the first coming of the Disease, and in the whole course of it. But when I was endangered by the near approach of the Plague to my own House, a●●●ngth, by the persuasion of Friends, I accompanied the vast numbers of those that left the City, and removed my Family some Miles from thence; yet I returned so very soon, and when the Plague continued so violent, that it could not be, but by reason of the scarcity of better Physicians, I should be called into the assistance of those that had the Plague. And not long after I visited many that had Fevers, which I perceived (not without great admiration) were like that I managed so successfully before my departure; and therefore confiding in my own experience, as a guide to be preferred before all idle precepts, I did not doubt to order bleeding again. I continued this course of bleeding plentifully (together with the use of a Ptisan and such like cooling diet) in many Patients, with very great advantage, till at length missing my wont success in the management of some, by reason of the frowardness of the standers by; who being possessed with vain prejudices, would not permit me to take away a due quantity of blood (to the great damage of the sick, from whom a sufficient quantity or none at all should have been taken away, seeing the stress of the Cure depended on it) I perceived a great obstruction to my designs, and therefore thought 'twould be of great use to found some other method of curing this Disease besides that of bleeding. I will instance in an injury I once did (but without guilt) not because I let blood, but for that I was not permitted to take away so much as I desired; being sent for to a young Man of a sanguine complexion and strong constitution, whom a violent Fever had seized two days before, with giddy pains of the Head, violent Vomitings and other such Symptoms, and finding upon inquiry that he had no sign of a Tumour, I presently ordered that blood should be taken away in a large quantity, the superficies of which, when 'twas cold, represented the corrupted blood of Pleuritics; and I prescribed also a Ptysan with cooling Julaps and Broths; in the afternoon he bled a second time the same quantity, and likewise the next Morning, and towards the Evening of this day I visited him, and found him much better; yet notwithstanding I perceived his friends violently opposed the taking away any more blood: but I earnestly contended that it should be again repeated, saying, he need be blooded but this time only, and than he would be out of danger; but that if they should continued obstinate, it had been better that no blood had been taken away, and that the Cure had been carried on by sweat, and in a word that the patient would most certainly dye: The event confirmed the Prognostication, for while we were disputing about the thing, we lost the opportunity of doing it; for the next day the Purple spots broke out, viz. the relics of the peccant matter which aught to have been wholly evacuated (for as much as Phlebotomy so often repeated had taken away all hopes of an Abcess) by delay perverting the whole mass of blood, and breaking the texture of it by its great subtlety, and the Patient died in few hours. When therefore I had frequently met with such obstacles, I earnestly endeavoured to found out (if possible) some method of Cure, that might be as effectual and not so displeasing: And having much and long deliberated the thing in my mind, at length I fell upon this method, which I found afterwards, to be perfect in all respects and always beneficial.  
First, If the Tumour has not yet appeared, 
The Cure.  I bleed moderately with respect to the strength and temperament of the sick, and afterwards the sweat is easily and soon raised; (whereas otherwise 'tis not only very difficultly procured in some bodies, but there is also danger jest the inflammation should be heigthened by it, and so the Tokens forced out) and the benefit of the sweat immediately following, abundantly compensates the loss of blood, which how little soever it be would otherwise be very injurious. After bleeding (which must be performed in bed, when all things are in a readiness to promote sweat) without any manner of delay, I order the Patient to be covered quite over with clotheses, and that a piece of Flannel be bound to the forepart of his Head, and indeed this covering of the Head, conduces more to the procuring sweat than any one woven easily imagine. Afterwards if the Patient does not Vomit, I give these and the like Sudorifics.  
Take of Venice Treacleʒii, of the Electuary of the Egg ℈ i, of compound powder of Crabs eyes, gr. xii, of Cochinell gr. viij, of Saffron gr. iv, with a sufficient quantity of the juice of Kermes make a Bolus, which let him take every sixth hour, drinking after it six spoonfuls of the following Julap.  
Take Cardus-water compound, Scordium-water of each ℥ iii, Treacle-water ℥ two, Syrup of July-flowers ℥ two, mingle them and make a Julap.  
But if the Patient be troubled with vomiting, as he is very frequently in the Plague, and other Pestilential Fevers, I defer the giving of Sudorifics so long as till he gins to sweated, by means of the covering only, excepting that sometimes I put part of the sheet over the Face, to collect the vapours: for (which is indeed very well worth observation) when the rays of the Morbific matter extend themselves to the circumference of the Body, the Looseness and Vomiting, that were occasioned by their being inwardly reflected and cast upon the Stomac and Bowels, cease presently of their own accord. So that how great soever the preceding subversion of the Stomac was, the Medicines that are taken afterwards are easily retained, and procure sweat as well as can be wished.  
I remember, that being once called by an Apothecary to visit his Brother, that was very ill of a Pestilential Fever, and speaking of giving him a Sudorific, he told me that he had taken various and strong Medicines to procure Sweat, but all in vain, for that he had Vomited them all up; to whom I answered, that he should prepare the most loathsome and ungrateful of all, that before he had exhibited; and that I would easily effect, that he should not Vomit it up any more. The event confirmed what I promised, for when the Patient had Sweated a little, only by the weight of Clotheses, he swallowed and retained a large Bolus of Venice Treacle, by which means, Sweeting plentifully, he recovered.  
But to return to the business, I order that the Sweat should be continued, for the space of a natural day, by Sage Posset-drink, or Mace-beer, now and than taken; and I strictly forbidden that the Patient should be any way cleansed; neither indeed do I permit that the Shirt, how moist or foul soever it be, should be changed, within the space of Twenty four hours, from the end of the Sweat, which I would have observed with the greatest caution. But if the Sweated be circumscribed in a narrower compass of time, the violence of the Symptoms soon returns, and the Health of the Patient is left very uncertain, which a longer continuance of the Sweat would have put out of danger.  
And truly, I can't sufficiently wonder at Diemerbroek and others, as often as I consider upon how slight a pretence they are induced to break of the sweat, to wit, that they may preserve the strength of the sick. For, first, every one that is but very little conversant in the Cure of this Disease knows that the Patient while he Sweats is stronger than he was before. What use and experience have taught in this case, I will not fear to defend and declare openly. Many that have been Sweated, by my Advice, for the space of Twenty four hours, have been so far from complaining of their being weakened thereby, that they have professed that as much of the useless humour was carried of by the Sweat, so much new strength they received: and towards the latter end I have often, not without admiration, observed a Sweat break out more natural, genuine and copious than the former, which was expressed by the force of the Medicine, and which brought much more relief, as if it were plainly and truly critical and eradicative of the whole Disease: moreover I don't perceive what inconvenience there would be in refreshing the Patient, when the Sweat is at height, with comfortable Soop and Broth; and than that Objection concerning want of strength to bear long Sweats would signify nothing. Wherhfore if any defection be perceived, towards the latter end, I permit him to take a little Chicken Broth, the Yolk of an Egg or the like, which with Cordials and draughts commonly used, to keep up the Sweat, abundantly repair the strength. But there's no need of many Arguments in a thing so obvious: for 'tis manifest, that as long as the Patient Sweats he thinks himself in a good condition, and in the opinion of the standers by the worst is over, which openly proclaims the utility of this practice; but assoon as the Sweat is stopped, and the Body gins to dry, he falls ill again, and there is as it were a relapse.  
I admonish that cold be carefully avoided, that the Clotheses dry on the Body of their own accord, and that all Drinks are taken somewhat hot, and that the use of Sage Posset-drink be continued for the space of Twenty four hours after the Sweat. The next morning I give a common Purge, to wit, of the Infusion of Tamarinds, of the Leaves of Senna, of Rhubarb, with Manna, and Syrup of Roses solutive. And with this method, the next year after the Plague, I recovered very many that were seized with the Pestilential Fever; so that not one died of this Disease, that was under my Care, after I began the use of the same.  
But where the tumour has been out already, I have not hitherto dared to bleed, tho' in a Body ●●apt to Sweated, fearing jest the sudden Death of the Patient should prevent the designed Sweat, by reason of the Morbific matter flowing back to the empty Veins; yet perhaps Phlebotomy may be very safely administered, if Sweated be procured presently after it, without any manner of delay, which being prolonged to the space above required, may be able to dissipate and consume by little and little the whole bulk of the humour, and with much lesle danger, than when a legitimate maturation of the Imposthume, (which is very uncertain and fallible in so very acute a Disease) is long waited for.  
To conclude, if the Reader shall found that I have been any where mistaken about the Theory, I beg pardon; but as to practice, I declare that I have faithfully delivered all things, and that I never proposed any thing before I had sufficiently tried it. Truly when I come to dye, I trust, I shall have a cheerful witness in my Breast, that I have not only with the greatest diligence and honesty endeavoured the recovery of the health of all, of what condition soever they have been, that have committed themselves to my care (of whom none was otherwise treated by me, than I desire to be managed if I should hap to have the same Diseases) but that also I have laboured to the utmost of my power, that the Cure of Diseaseases (if by any means it might be) may be administered with greater certainty after I am Dead, Esteeming any progress in this kind of Knowledge, how small so ever it be, tho' it teach no more than the Cure of the Toothache, or of Corns, to be more valued than the vain pomp of nice Speculations, which perhaps are not more useful to a Physician, in the Cure of Diseases, than Skill in Music to a Carpenter in Building.  
In the last place, I will add only this one short Note, jest perchance any one should wrist my Opinion by a sinister Interpretation, or at lest not throughly understand it; to wit, that in the preceding Discourse, I often use the word Nature, and attribute various effects to her, as if I would represent under this Title, some one thing subsisting of itself, and diffused every where through the whole Machine of the World, which being endowed with Reason, governs all Bodies: such a thing as some of the Philosophers seemed to think was the Soul of the World. But as I don't affect novelty of things, so neither of words: and therefore I use in these Pages, the Ancient word indeed, but in a sense (unless I am deceived) both sober, and not only understood, but also used by the best Men. For as often as I mention Nature, I would signify a certain complex of Natural Causes, which tho' they are without Reason, and destitute of all Skill, yet are they governed by the best Counsel; whilst all of them perform their Operations, and accomplish their effects. To wit, the supreme Deity, by whose Power all things are produced, and on whose pleasure they depend, has so disposed all things by his infinite Wisdom, that they betake themselves to their appointed Functions in a certain order and method, doing nothing that's in vain, but that which is best and fittest for the whole Fabric of things, and their own private Natures; and so are moved, like Engines, not by their own Skill but by that of the Artificer▪    

COLLECTIONS OF Acute Diseases.  
The Third Part:  

CHAP. I. Of the continual Fever of the Year 1661. 1662. 63. 64.  
FIRST, I observe that the inordinate commotion of the Blood the Cause or Companion of this Fever, is stirred up by Nature, either that some Heterogeneous matter contained in it and inimical to it should be excluded, or that the Blood should be changed into some new disposition.  
And in this business the word Commotion pleases me best, because 'tis more large and general than either Fermentation or Ebullition, for it prevents the occasion of a vain Dispute about Terms, that perhaps words of that kind may seem to countenance; tho' they may admit of an Explication that is not incommodious, yet are thought a little improper and harsh by some: for tho' the Commotion of the Blood may be sometimes like the Fermentation, sometimes like the Ebullition of Vegetable Liquors, yet there are some that think it very much differs from both, and they produce one or two instances of Fermentation. First, tho' Liquids' fermenting are want to obtain a vinous nature, so that Distillation will draw a hot Spirit from them, and easily degenerate into Vinegar, which is endowed with a notable sourness, and by Distillation yields an Acid Spirit; yet they say that neither of these dispositions has hitherto been observed in the Blood.  
And they take notice that in vinous Liquors the Fermentation and Depuration are finished at the same time, and as it were keep pace together; but the Depuration of the Blood in Fevers does not accompany but follows its Aestuation, which they think is manifest even to sight, in a Febrile Paroxysm carried of by Sweat.  
But as to Ebullition, the Analogy seems more difficult to them, and which experience disallows in many cases, where the fury of the Blood is not so outrageous as that it may deserve the name of Ebullition: but however it be (for I will by no means engage in these Controversies) seeing the terms of Ebullition and Fermentation have very much prevailed among Modern Physicians, I shall not refuse to use them now and than, whilst 'tis manifest from what has been said, that these words serve only in this Treatise for the more clear explication of what is to be discoursed of.  
Certainly all kind of Fevers that are accompanied with Eruptions, manifest that this Febrile commotion of the Blood, is stirred up for the Secretion of a certain Heterogeneous matter that is contrary to nature: for that in these, by the help of Ebullition, an Excrement of an ill quality is cast forth to the skin that lay hid before in the Blood.  
And 'tis not lesle probable in my Opinion, that the Febrile commotion of the Blood, should often (not to say oftener) aim at no more than to be changed into a certain new state and disposition, and that a Man whose Blood continues pure and untainted may be seized with a Fever, as by frequent observations we found it happens to healthy Bodies, in whom there is no Morbific furniture, either as to a Plethora or ill habit, no unhealthy disposition of the Air, which may administer occasion for a Fever, and yet notwithstanding by reason of some notable alteration of the Air preceding, or change of Diet, or of the rest of the Non-naturals as they are termed, such Men are likewise seized with a Fever; and the reason is, because the Blood endeavours to gain a new state or condition, such as the Air and manner of Diet require; not that the irritation of vicious Particles lodged in the Blood, cause the Fever, tho' I done't at all doubt but that the matter that is ordinarily Excreted in the Despumation of the Blood, after the Febrile Commotion, is vicious, tho' the Blood before had a laudable Diathesis, which is no more to be wondered at than that some part of what we Eat should turn to Corruption, and stink after it has been considerably altered in the Body and separated from the rest.  
Secondly, I reckon that the true and natural indications that arise in this Disease, show that the Commotion of the Blood must be kept to that degree which is agreeable to Nature's purpose, that it don't rise too high on the one Hand, from whence great Symptoms flow, nor be depressed too low on the other; by which means the Protrusion of the Morbific matter may be hindered, or the endeavours of the Blood Affecting a new condition, frustrated; so that whether the Fever takes its rise from some Heterogeneous matter provoking it, or from the Blood affecting a new state; in either case the Indication is the same: these things being premised, I institute the method of Cure after this manner.  
When I am called to Patients whose Blood of itself is weak (as 'tis most times in Children) or when it wants Spirits, as in old Age, and in young Men weakened by long Diseases, I forbear Phlebotomy; for if I should bleed such, their Blood being already too weak, it would be rendered altogether unfit to perform the business of Despumation, and by consequence the whole mass would be perverted, and perchance the Life of the Patient hazarded (as when the Fermentation of Beer or any new Liquor is unseasonably stopped, 'tis most commonly spoiled) for Nature can not more associate with the Particles it has once begun to Exterminate, which tho' they were pure, whilst they were equally mixed with the mass of Blood, yet now they are corrupt and apt to infect the other Humours. Indeed I know very well that those that are injured by bleeding are sometimes restored by proper Cordials, so that the Blood is enabled to purify itself, but 'tis better to prevent than Cure a Disease.  
But when I have to do with those whose Blood is of a contrary Nature, such as is want to be in young Men, of a Robust constitution and Sanguine complexion; I order bleeding in the first place, which can't be omitted here without hazard (beside in some cases to be mentioned hereafter) for otherwise not only Frenzies, Pleurisies, and such like Inflammations may be feared, upon the account of too great Ebullition of the Blood, but also by reason of the superfluity, a Stagnation of the whole mass.  
As to the quantity, I only take away so much Blood as I conceive will free the sick from those dangers, to which as we said, the immoderate Commotion of the same is obnoxious. Furthermore, I regulate the Estuation by repeating Phlebotomy, or omitting it, by using or forbidding the use of hot Cordials; and lastly, by keeping the Body lose, or stopping it as I perceive that motion is high or low.  
After bleeding (if it be necessary according to the cases above mentioned) I diligently inquire whether the Patient was inclined to vomiting, or nauseousness, at the beginning of the Fever, and if so, I presently prescribe a Vomit, unless the tender Age or some great Debility of the Sick forbidden it. Truly a Vomit is so necessary, when an inclination to Vomiting has preceded, that unless that Humour be expelled, it will occasion many difficult Symptoms, that will hinder the Physician in performing the Cure, and will very much endanger the Patient; a Diarrhaea is the chief and most usual of these, which most commonly follows in the declination of the Fever, as often as Emetics are indicated and yet omitted; for in the progress of the Fever, when Nature has somewhat subjugated the malign Humour in the Stomach, and thrust it forth to the Guts, they are so corroded by a perpetual Flux of a sharp Humour, from this fountain in the Stomach, that a Diarrhaea must needs follow. But I have observed that in Inflammatory Fevers, that are commonly called Malignant, a looseness did not necessarily follow the omission of a Vomit, as in this Fever, tho' such a propensity to Vomiting preceded.  
This kind of Diarrhaea is more dangerous, because the Sick being sufficiently weakened before is more Enervated; besides (which is worst) it happens at the declination of the Fever, at which time the Blood should contract itself, and exert its faculty, for the completing its Despumation, but is hindered by this evacuation.  
But that you may not doubt that this Humour lodged in the Stomach, unless it be ejected by Vomit, will in a short time 'cause a Diarrhaea; by search we almost always found, that when a looseness accompanies this Fever, the Sick was inclined to Vomit at the beginning of the Disease, but a Vomit was not prescribed. Moreover you will observe, that tho' the inclination to vomiting went of long ago, yet the Diarrhaea will cease for the most part upon taking a Vomit, if the Patient be able to bear it; but I have often observed, that when the Diarrhaea is once begun, Astringent Medicines signify little or nothing, either inwardly taken or outwardly applied to stop it.  
The Vomit I frequently use is this following,  
Take of the Infusion of Crocus Metal. ʒvi, Oxymel of Squills and compound Syrup of Scabious of each ℥ ss. Mingle them and make a Vomit.  
Which I order to be taken in the Afternoon, two Hours after a light Dinner; and that the Vomit may succeed the better, I appoint six or eight pints of Posset-drink to be provided, for these Medicines are dangerous, if they are not washed of; and therefore as often as the Patiented Vomits or goes to Stool, he must presently take a draught of it, by which means the Gripes will be prevented, and he will Vomit easier.  
After a nice view of the matter ejected by Vomit, which was neither much nor very ill, I have often wondered how it comes to pass, that the sick should be so much reliv'd by it; for assoon as the Vomit had done Working, the cruel Symptoms, to wit, the Nauseousness, Anxiety, Restlessness, Sigh and Blackness of the Tongue, etc. were commonly mitigated, which before tormented the Sick, and terrified the standers by, so that the remainder of the Disease was very tolerable.  
'tis to be noted, that if the condition of the Patient require Bleeding and Vomiting, 'tis safest to bleed first, for otherwise whilst the Vessels are distended with Blood, there is great danger jest by violent straining to Vomit, the Vessels of the Lungs should be broken, and the Brain hurt, the Blood being impetuously poured in and out, and so the Patient may dye Apoplectic, of which I could produce some Examples if I thought it convenient; let it suffice that I warn you to use great caution in this case.  
If any one should ask at what time of the Fever I would give a Vomit? I say at the very beginning, If I had my choice, for by this means the Sick may be defended from those horrid Symptoms that take their rise from the filth of those Humours that lurk in the Stomach and neighbouring parts, and perhaps we may crush the Disease in its beginning, which otherwise would increase to the hazard of the Patient; and prove tedious, being nourished by the foresaid Humours, which either by reason of their substance pass into the innermost parts of the Body, and are mingled with the Blood, or because they are too long detained in the Body they wax worse, and put on a venomous quality which they impart to the Blood, as it continually passes by their Nest; and of this (not to go far) the Cholera Morbus is a clear example, for it happens sometimes, that when the Vomiting is unseasonably stopped in that Disease, whether it be by an Opiate, or Astringent Medicines, a worse train of Symptoms follow; for the sharp and corrupted Humours being repelled upon this account, whose exclusion aught to have been permitted a while till they were sufficiently evacuated, exert their fury and force upon the Blood, and kindle a Fever; which as 'tis want to be irregular and accompanied with ill Symptoms, so it can scarce be Cured without an Emetic, tho' the Patient do not than Vomit.  
But if we are called in late, (as we are often) so that we can't assist the Patient at the beginning of the Fever by prescribing a Vomit, yet I have thought it proper to order one at any time of the Disease, provided the Patient hath strength enough to bear the operation of it. Truly I have given an Emetic with good success, on the 12th day of the Fever, tho' the Patient had left of Vomiting before; and so I have stopped the looseness which hindered the Blood in finishing its Despumation; and I should not doubt to prescribe one later unless the weakness of the Patient forbidden it.  
The Evening after taking the Vomit, I always endeavour to quiet the tumult raised in the Humours by the Emetic, and therefore I prescribe an Anodyne to be taken at Bedtime. For instance,  
Take of Erratic Poppy-water ℥ two, of Aq. Mirab. ʒii, Syrup of white and Erratic Poppies of each ℥ ss. Mingle them and make a draught.  
But if there be no fear of raising the Ebullition for the future, either by reason of a great loss of Blood which was taken away in order to the Cure, or by frequent Vomiting and Stools occasioned by the Emetic, or by a present Apurexy, or Debility of the Fever, or its declining state; than I boldly order a large dose of Diascordium, either by itself, or mixed with some Cordial Water instead of the Anodyne prescribed above, and 'tis indeed an excellent Medicine if it be given in a due quantity.  
And now before I leave of discoursing of Emetics, I must acquaint you that 'tis by no means safe (at lest in this Fever) to give Vomits of the infusion of Crocus Metallorum to Children, or to any under fourteen, not not in the lest quantity; 'twere to be wished, that in the room of this we had some safer Medicine that were as efficacious, which may eradicate the Humour, that almost always threatens a Diarrhaea, at the Declination of the Fever, at lest that we had such a one as would so change the corrosive matter, that it could not 'cause a looseness; truly I have been often puzzled, when I have been called to Infants or Children in a Fever, and have beheld an indication which persuaded the use of a Medicine that would have Cured them, and yet I did not dare to prescribe it for fear of the ill consequence; but in grown people I have hitherto observed no injury to proceed from the use of an Emetic, provided it be administered with the cautions above mentioned.  
The fatigue of Vomiting being over, I further consider with myself, whether notwithstanding the preceding Evacuations, the Blood continues yet to rage so much, that 'tis still necessary to restrain its Effervescence, or whether it be so very Languid that it wants to be heigthened; or lastly, whether the Fermentation being reduced to a due degree, may be left to itself without danger to the Patient: Of each of these I shall say something.  
First, Therefore if the Blood Ferments so violently that we may yet reasonably suspect that the Patient is either obnoxious to a Frenzy, or any other troublesome Symptom proceeding from too great an Ebullition of the Blood; the day after taking the Vomit, I prescribe a Clyster. For instance,  
Take of the common Decoction for a Clyster lb i, Syrup of Violets and brown Suggar, of each ℥ two. Mingle them and make a Clyster.  
And I order it should be repeated upon occasion, by which it often happens that the Blood being somewhat Ventilated and Cool, its Effervescence is sufficiently bridled, but sometimes 'tis necessary to repeat bleeding once and again, viz. in those of a very Sanguine complexion, and in the flower of their Age, or in others who have imprinted on their Blood a certain inflammatory disposition, by too frequent use of Wine. But for the most part there is no need of so great a Remedy (as is repeated Phlebotomy) and excepting the cases above mentioned, that Effervescence may be sufficiently suppressed by the help of Clysters; wherefore if the Blood Ferment too much, I order a Clyster to be injected every day, or every other day, as the case requires, and that it be done to the tenth day of the Disease or thereabouts; but if much Blood has been take away, or the Patient is Aged, I order no Clysters at that time, tho' the Blood be very hot; for in these cases as there is no fear that by the omission of Clysters the Ebullition begun should proceed so far as that there should be eminent danger from some violent Symptom: So its most certain that by the use of them the strength, and as I may say, tho' lesle properly, the Tone of the Blood is so much indeed relaxed, that especially in old Men, (for Clysters are not used with so good success in old Men as in young) Nature is obstructed in her business; but if a Vein has been opened, and not much Blood taken away, than as I said, I order Clysters to the tenth day more or lesle, and sometimes to the twelfth, especially for those I did not dare bleed; for there are some that are seized with continual Fevers, after Autumnal intermittents (whether they were Tertian or Quartan) by reason they were not purged after these Agues left them; and if you should Bleed them there would be danger jest that Sediment, which the foregoing Fermentation put of, should be Resorbed into the mass of Blood, and so should occasion new Tumults; therefore in this case instead of Bleeding I use Clysters to the twelfth day, if the Patient be young and the Fermentation too high.  
But on the contrary, whether Bleeding be used or omitted if the Effervescence be too Languid, and wants to be stirred up to assist Nature; in this case I suppose we must wholly abstain from the use of Clysters, even before the tenth day, and much rather if it be passed: for to what purpose should we endeavour any further to suppress the Fermentation which is too Languid already? but if after that time, to wit, in the declination of the Disease we should use Clysters, it would indeed be as absurd, as if any one should give too large vent to Beer when 'tis dying, for by means of this Evacuation Nature is hindered, so that she can't attend the separation of the Morbific matter with all her might; when therefore by means of fit Evacuations the Patient is out of danger as to those Symptoms which proceed from too great Ebullition, or the Disease is in its declination; the more I bind his Body, the farther he is out of danger, to wit the Febrile matter tending gently to its own Concoction. Wherhfore if the foregoing Evacuations have induced as it were a Laxity of the mass of Blood, or threaten the same, or if the Patient be freed from his Fever before the due time; or if the Fever has come to a full period, I do not only leave of the use of Clysters, but think that Cordials are to be allowed, and presently endeavour to stop the Belly.  
But as to Cordials, for I have found by Experience that the too early use of them has been very injurious, to wit (Bleeding having not been first used) there is danger jest the crude matter should fall upon the Membranes of the Brain or the like, or on the Pleura; and therefore I always take care that Cordials be not given, when no Blood or but very little has been taken away, and there has been no other considerable Evacuation, or when the Patient has not passed the vigour of his Age: for I can't see to what purpose his Blood that is rich enough of itself, should be further Meliorated to his own ruin; but rich and opulent enough it is, neither wants it Restoratives, as long as considerable Evacuations have not vanquished its innate heat. Such Patients are sufficiently furnished with Cordials within themselves, and as to those which come from abroad, they are either needless or else are hurtful; wherefore I would either wholly reject all, or at lest admit of only the smallest. But if the Patient be weakened by profuse Evacuations, or be Aged, I use to give Cordials even at the beginning of the Fever, but on the twelfth day of the Disease, things than tending to Secretion, I suppose we aught freely to indulge the use of hotter Medicines, and indeed a little sooner, if there be no danger of driving the Febrile matter upon the principal parts. For at this time the more I heat, so much the more I accelerate Concoction; neither truly can I imagine what Physicians would be at, who so often inculcate their Precepts concerning the administering of Remedies to promote the Concoction of the Febrile matter, which they often do, being called in at the beginning of the Disease; and yet at the same time notwithstanding they don't doubt to prescribe such kind of Medicines as attemperate the Fever; for indeed a Fever is Nature's Instrument, by which she separates the impure parts from the pure: by this means utterly Imperceptible, she proceeds from the beginning to the height of the Disease, but performs the business more manifestly at its declination, which may be discerned by the Urine. The Concoction of the Febrile matter denotes no more indeed than the separation of the peccant matter from the good; now in the hastenning of it you must not busy yourself with I know not what attemperaters, but the Effervescence of the Fever is to be let alone, so long as the safety of the Patient will permit; but when it tends to the declination, Secretion being manifest, than we should follow it with hotter Medicines to finish the business sooner and safer; and this is indeed to promote the Concoction of the Febrile matter: whereas Evacuations and Coolers 'cause delays and hinder the Cure, and drive away approaching Health, as I have often observed.  
If the Fermentation proceed well, the Despumation will be finished about the fourteenth day, but if you use any Coolers too late, and so by their means suppress the Effervescence, 'tis not strange if the Fever continued till the twenty first day, and in feeble Bodies ill managed much longer.  
Moreover this is worth Observation; that it sometimes happens that the Patient by the use of Clysters and other Catharticks unseasonably prescribed, about the declination of the Disease, seems a little relieved, and sometimes is wholly freed from his Fever; but after a day or two you will perceive not so much that the old Fever has recovered strength as that a new one is broke out, viz. a shaking and horror presently invade, which heat and a Fever presently succeed, about to run the same course which was described above, unless perchance it change to an Intermittent. When the case is so, the Patient is to be treated as if he had no Fever before, and the same method is to be repeated, for Despumation, which should follow the Ebullition now begun, will not be finished in lesle than the time before mentioned, how tedious soever it would be to the Patient, much weakened by the former Disease, to wait so long for health.  
The Cordials I prescribe are such as these, which I will mention by and by; those that are more moderate I use at the beginning of the Disease, when the heat is very violent, always proceeding gradually to the use of hotter, according to the progress of the Disease and the degrees of Ebullition; always remembering that its lawful, if much Blood has been taken away, or if the Patient be Aged, to administer stronger Cordials than when Bleeding has not preceded, or when the Patient was in the flower of his Age.  
Those Cordials, I call moderate, are made of distilled Waters, for instance, of Borage, Citron, Strawberries, Treacle, compound Scordium water, mingled with the Syrup of Baulm, of Fernelius, of Julyflowers, of the juice of Citron, etc. but the stronger of Gascons Powder, Bezoar, confection of Hyacinth, Venice Treacle, etc.  
These which follow are frequently used.  
Take of the water of Borage, Citron, compound Scordium water, Black Cherries, each ℥ two, Cinnamon water with Barley ℥ i, Pearls prepar'dʒii, Crystalline Sugar a sufficient quantity, mingle them. Take four spoonfuls often in a day especially in the Fits.  
Take of the water of the whole Citron, of Strawberries each ℥ iii, of the cold Cordial water of Saxonyʒi, of Treacle water, of Syrup of Baulm, of Fernelius, of Julyflowers, and of the juice of Citron, each ℥ ss, mingle them and make a Julap, of which take often.  
Take of Gascons powder, of the Oriental and Occidental Bezoar-stone, of Contrayerva, each ℈ i, one leaf of Gold, mingle them and make a very fine Powder. Take to the quantity of twelve grains when there is occasion, in the Syrup of the juice of Citron and Julyflowers, eachʒii, drinking upon it a few spoonfuls of the Julap prescribed  
Take of Treacle water ℥ iv, of the Seeds of Citronʒii, beaten them together and make an Emulsion: Add to the strained liquor a sufficient quantity of Pearl Sugar to make it grateful to the Taste. Take two spoonfuls three times a day.  
I think 'tis needless to mention more forms, for they are innumerable or may be so, and they are to be varied in the course of the Disease, according to the various Seasons and Symptoms.  
But if the Fermentation be neither too high nor too low, I leave it in that state and use no Remedies, unless I am forced to do something by the importunity of the Sick or his Friends about him, that may please them, without obstructing my design.  
And now I must tell you, that when I was called to a poor Body who was not able to be at the charge of going through a long course of Physic, I did nothing else after Bleeding and Purging was over, (if they were indicated) but order them to keep their Beds, all the time of their Sickness, and to drink Oatmeal, and Barley Broth, etc. and that they should drink small Bear warm, moderately to quench their thirst. I took care that they should have a Clyster of Milk and Sugar every day or every other day, till the tenth or eleventh day, and towards the end of the Fever, separation being now begun, if it were slow, I permitted them now and than stronger drink to help it instead of a Cordial, and so without any more a do, except that I use to give a gentle Purge at the end of the Disease, I cured them.  
But to return to the business, if the method before mentioned be carefully observed, I usually perceive about the fifteenth day, both from the Signs of a laudable separation in the Urine, as also from a manifest remission of all the Symptoms, that 'tis than seasonable to give a purging Potion which may carry of the Sediment, put of here and there by the foregoing Fermentation; and unless it is done timely there is danger jest it should return into the mass of Blood, and so 'cause a relapse, or by its abode in the Natural parts upon which 'tis thrown, occasion hereafter a dreadful Minera of lasting ills in the Body, viz. Separation being now finished the gross and impure Humours sent from the Arteries to the Blood, passing back into the Veins, easily hinder its return, from whence various kinds of Obstructions and at length various Fermentations do arise.  
But 'tis to be observed that Purging is not altogether so necessary, after Vernal Fevers as after Autumnal; and for this reason, because the Sediment put of by Autumnals is more, and of a more Terrene and Malignant quality, and which is also to be noted in the Small Pox, and many other Diseases raging in the Spring, in which 'tis not so dangerous to omit Purging (which indeed I have observed) as in the case before mentioned.  
And truly he would not be much mistaken who should affirm that more Diseases take their rise from hence, (to wit, from the omission of Purging after Autumnal Diseases) than from any other cause whatever.  
If the Patient be very weak, or if there be not a perfect Despumation, so that I can't boldly give a Purge on the fifteenth day, I defer it to the seventeenth, at which time I give the following or the like, according to the strength of the Patient.  
Take of Tamarinds ℥ ss, of the Leaves of Sennnaʒii, Rubarbʒiss, boil them in a sufficient quantity of water, to three ounces of the strained Liquor; add Syrup of Roses, Solutive and Manna, of each one ounce; mingle them and make a potion to be taken in the Morning.  
Purging being over, I order the Patient to rise, who has been hitherto kept a-bed by my prescription, and to return gradually to his accustomed diet; for that which I have hitherto prescribed is in a manner the same with that which I have mentioned before, as Oaten and Barley broths, and Panado made of Bread, and the Yolk of an Egg in water with Sugar, thin Chicken broth, small Beer; and sometimes when the Fever is high the juice of Orange newly expressed, and a little boiled to take of the Crudity mixed with it, etc. tho' Oatmeal broth is as good as any; but to deny small Bear to be taken now and than moderately, is a needless severity, and indeed very often hurtful.  
It happens often (especially in old Men) that the Patient, tho' the Fever be Cured and the Body sufficiently purged, is notwithstanding very weak, and sometimes expectorates by Cough, and sometimes also hauks up a great quantity of clammy Phlegm, which Symptom does not only afrighten the Patient, but also imposes upon the Physician, especially if he be unwary, and induces him to believe that this effect will make way for a Consumption, tho' I have observed that the thing is not so very dangerous. In this case I order the Patient to drink old Malago, or Muscadine with a Toast, which (corroborating the Crasis of the Blood, much weakened by the foregoing Fever, and by consequence unable to assimilate the juices of the meat lately eaten) takes of that Symptom in the space of few days, as I have often experienced.  
By this method which I have proposed, the sick will be secured from many affects and Symptoms which are want to be attributed to Malignity; for nothing is more common with unskilful Physicians than to put the fault upon malignity: When by cooling Medicines, and the unseasonable use of Clysters, they have so relaxed the Crasis of the Blood, and so weakened Nature in performing the Despumation of it, that Faintings and other Symptoms (which are indeed genuine effects of such impediments occasioned by Art) hap. But if the Disease by its long continuance free itself from this aspersion, than what ever afterwards obstructs the Cure, is attributed to the Scurvy; tho' in truth neither the Symptoms which happened while the Disease was in its vigour, were the effects of Malignity, nor those which hap in its declination of the Scurvy, but both proceed from ill management, as I have often observed. Not that I or any other person who has been but little conversant in the History of Diseases can be ignorant, that there are Fevers which done't only consist of an Intemperies or putrid heat, but also of a malignant quality, whose most evident Symptoms cannot but appear in the Sick; or that I deny that sometimes the Scurvy, and very many other Diseases may be complicated with a Fever, I say only that these affections are many times undeservedly blamed.  
If the Fermentation proceed well, there will be a perfect Despumation of the Morbific matter within the time aforesaid; but if cooling Remedies or Clysters have been given too late, the Fever will continued much longer, especially in very ancient Men ill managed by the Physician. I have been sometimes called to such, after they have laboured under a Fever forty days or more, and have tried all things to induce Despumation to the Blood, but it was so much weakened, partly by old Age, and partly by Clysters and cooling Medicines, that I could not attain my end either by Cordials or any other Corroborating Medicines; but either their Fever stood its ground, or if otherwise it seemed to cease, the Patient's strength was very low and in a manner gone.  
But other Remedies being unsuccessfully used, I have been often forced to take this course, and indeed with very good success, viz. I have applied the brisk heat of young People to the Sick. Neither is there any reason why any one should much wonder that the Patient is so mightily strengthened, and weak Nature relieved by this method, tho' it be unusual, as that it can deliver itself from the relics of the matter to be Eliminated, seeing 'tis easy to conceive a Transfusion of a great quantity of vigorous Effluvias, from the sound and strong Body, into the withered one of the Sick, neither have I ever found that the repeated application of hot clotheses could at all do that which the now mentioned method has performed, where both the heat applied is more agreeable to the human Body, and gentle, moist, equal and lasting; and tho' this way of immitting Balsamic Spirits into the Body of the Patient might seem absurd at the time when I prescribed it, yet it has been used by others with happy success; neither truly am I ashamed to mention this remedy, tho' perhaps some impertinent Men superciliously contemning all things Vulgar may ridicule me for it. For I think the Health and Good of my Neighbour is very much to be preferred before their vain Opinions.  
He that prudently and with due consideration hath observed the method hitherto delivered, will free the Patient, if not from all, yet at lest from most of those Symptoms which are either want to accompany the Fever or to come after it, and which tender the Physician doubtful and at a loss in the course of the Cure, and often destroy his Patient, tho' the nature of the Disease does not seem deadly. But for as much as such accidents often hap, either because the Sick neglected to call the Physician in time, or by reason of the unskilfulness or carelessness of the Physician. I think it not amiss to treat briefly of their peculiar Cure, but will only confine myself to those Symptoms, which tho' they might often have been prevented, if the foresaid method had been used, yet when they hap they require a different Cure proper to themselves.  
And to begin from hence, if the Sick 
A Frenzy.  either upon the account of taking hot Medicines unseasonably, or by being naturally of too hot a constitution fall into a Frenzy, or (which is next to it) if he does not sleep at all, often calls out or uses incoherent Speeches; if he looks and talks fierce, if he takes Medicines and common Drink greedily and as it were snatches it; and lastly has a suppression of Urine: In this case I say I bleed more freely than before, and use Clysters and cooling Medicines oftener, especially in the Spring; and tho' this Symptom do not appear in young People, and in those whose Blood is brisk, they admit of these Remedies without much hazard; and by the use of such Remedies I endeavour to keep up the Patient, till the Disease has lasted a while, and than 'tis not very difficult to free him at once of the Symptom and the Disease too; and this may be done by giving some Narcotick Medicine in a large dose; for tho' when the Fever is at the height those things that are of a Narcotic quality do no good, nor answer the Physician's end, yet being given seasonably at the declination of the Disease are very beneficial; but before they can do no good, partly because they can't stop the force of Fermentation, tho' they are given in the largest dose; and partly, which truly is most considerable, because the Peccant matter at that time equally mixed with the Blood, and not yet tending to separation is restrained by such a Medicine, and so the despumation so much to be desired is hindered; but whether this be the reason of this Phaenomenon, or some other more obstruse, let those judge who have a mind and leisure to think of such things. But I declare that 'tis most certain, from a faithful and due collection of many observations, that Laudanum or any other Narcotics in the beginning, increase, or state of this Fever does no good for the quelling of this Symptom, but as it often happens does harm; but in the declination of the Disease, 'tis used successfully in a moderate Dose. I once used a Narcotic on the twelfth day of the Disease not in vain, but I never knew it given sooner with any success; but if the use of it be deferred till the fourteenth day, 'twill do the better, separation than being more perfect, neither indeed does this delay (tho' this dreadful Symptom does very much afrighten the bystanders) presently kill, for I have often observed, that it could and was want to bear a truce, till 'twas seasonable to use Narcotics, if care was taken that the Intemperies begun, was not heighthened too much by Cordials and hot Medicines; in which case the Patient dies suddenly. The Narcotics which I am want to use, are either London Laudanum, from one Grain to one Grain and a half, or the following,  
Take of Cowslip flowers Mi, boil them in a sufficient quantity of Black-Cherry water, dissolve ℥ ss, of Diacodium, and half a spoonful of juice of Lemons, in ℥ iii of the strained Liquor, mingle them. Or take of Black-Cherry water ℥ iss, Epidemic waterʒii, Liquid Laudanum Gutt. xuj, Syrup of July flowersʒi, mingle them.  
I will only add this, which I think is worth observation, to wit, that if this Symptom will grant a truce so long, and the Fever continues a long space, so that the Patient may be safely purged before the taking of the Anodyne, 'twill prove more effectual, wherefore I used to order ℈ two, of the Pill Coch. mayor. dissolved in Betony water ten or twelve hours before the taking of the Narcotic, neither is there any danger from the Tumult, which that hot Pill would otherwise occasion; for the virtue of the following Narcotic, will appease those commotions and establish most gentle and sweet peace.  
But if the watch continued after the Fever is gone of, all the other Symptoms being likewise ceased, I have observed that a rag dipped in Rose-water, and applied cold to the fore part of the Head and Temples, is more beneficial than any Narcotic whatever.  
It often happens that the Sick is vexed with a Cough, through the whole course 
A Cough.  of the Disease, to wit, the mass of Blood being in a commotion, and raging violently; all things now tending to Sedition, it comes to pass that the Humours let lose and flowing from the mass of Blood, by the vessels of the Lungs, or also by an Apertion of them, are cast upon the inner Membrane of the Aspera Arteria, to wit, the thinner, being of exquisite sense; and hence the Cough arises, which is first dry, because the matter being yet thin, frustrates the expulsive faculty, presently it grows thick, and is difficultly Expectorated, because by degrees 'tis baked by the Febrile heat, and hence it comes to pass that the Patient is discour aged by fear of choking, because he wants strength to Cough up this viscid matter. In this case I rarely use any other Medicines than Oil of Almonds fresh drawn, unless it hap (and sometime 'tis so) that the Patient has wholly an aversion to Oil, and than we must use the common Pectorals; but I think Oil of Almonds, if the Patient can bear it, is to be preferred before other Pectorals, for this reason chief, for that 'tis necessary they are given in a larger quantity if we do any thing to the purpose; and by this means we overcharge the Stomach which was too weak before, and inclined to be nauseous; and sometimes also we are hindered upon the same account, so that we can't mind those things which are to be dispatched at the same time; neither can I understand, nor learn by experience, why we should abstain from the use of this Oil (which we have now mentioned) in Fevers, to wit, because 'tis inflammable, and therefore to be feared jest it should increase the Fever; for suppose it naturally hot, yet certainly its heat is not so great, but that the advantage of it upon another account may compensate for it, for 'tis manifestly more Pectoral than other things, and opens and Lubricates the passages and promotes Expectoration, by which (especially if it hap to be large) the Blood is both freed from a troublesome Humour, now conveniently evacuated and also somewhat cooled. And therefore I am not much concerned when at any time I perceive this Symptom intervenes, for by it the Patient is not a little relieved. I only admonish that 'tis not safe to give it at first by whole spoonfuls, for there is danger jest it make the Stomach nauseous and 'cause a looseness, and therefore 'tis to be given sparingly and frequently Night and Day, by which, Expectoration being made, the Cough is not only lessened, but also which is of some moment, the Patient's strength worn out, is somewhat renewed with a gentle nourishment.  
Sometimes it happens that an Haemorrhage 
An Haemorrhage of the Nose.  of the Nose supervenes, either for that too hot Medicines were given at the beginning of the Disease, or that the Ebullition was not sufficiently restrained, when the Patient was either in the flower of his Age, or the season of the Year furthered it: If it hap so, those things will do no great good, that are commonly used to stop the motion of the Blood, as Bleeding, Ligatures, Astringent and Aggluntinative Medicines, or those things that attemperate the Acrimony of the Blood, and the like. For tho' these and other such things may be used according to the prudence and advice of Physicians, yet the main business is to bridle the Ebullition of the Blood, with some fit Medicine that may stop the force of it rushing upon every precipice. Indeed if the Symptom be considered apart, those things which we have mentioned before, especially Bleeding, are proper enough; neither would I doubt to use them, but truly they done't sufficiently answer the cause of this Symptom, at lest if you except Bleeding; and really 'tis as rational to endeavour with a Sword to put out Fire, as to take of this Symptom by the things above mentioned. Therefore having tried in vain other things in this case, I used to prescribe some such thing as follows.  
Take of Purslain and Erratic Poppy water of each ℥ iss, of Diacodiumʒvi, Syrup of Cowslips ℥ ss. mingle them for a draught.  
I would not have these things so understood, as if I would presently stop every Haemorrhage, for 'tis often rather to be permitted, for it may much relieve the patiented, partly by suppressing too great an Ebullition, and sometimes partly also by carrying of the Disease critically; and indeed 'tis to little purpose to use the foresaied remedy, for this Symptom before it has continued sometime, or before a Vein has been opened in the Arm. This is carefully to be noted, that this and all other immoderate Haemorrhages have this peculiar to themselves, that assoon as they are stopped, by what means soever it be, the Patient is in danger of a relapse, if some lenitive Purge be not given; and therefore we must Purge, tho' (with respect to the season of the Fever) it is want and aught to be put of somewhat longer unless this Symptom hap.  
This Symptom for the most part happens 
The Hickock.  to old Men, after large Evacuations, either by a Looseness, or especially by Vomiting, it very often portends that death is near at hand. I ingenuously confess, that I can't satisfy myself in my search after the Cause of the Hickocks; yet I have often observed they take their rise from a disturbance in the Stomach or neighbouring parts, raised by rough Medicines, for the quelling and reducing of which to pristine peace when the strength of Nature is not sufficient, there is great imminent Danger; and therefore I have thought it reasonable to provide for it, that what Nature could not do of herself, she should do by the assistance of Art Therefore having given a large dose, (to wit two Drams) of Diascordium, it has done the business, when I could do not good with the Seeds of Dill, and other things that are cried up as Specifics.  
If in the course of this Disease a looseness 
A Diarrhaea.  arise, which (as we have noted above) used to hap, when a Vomit was indicated at the beginning of the Disease, and was not taken. In this case I say a Vomit may be given at any time of the Disease, if the Strength does not Contraindicat, tho' the inclination to Vomiting be long since passed. But because I think I have Treated sufficiently of this thing in the former Pages, I will only add this now, to wit, what is to be done if a looseness come, tho' a Vomit has been given, which indeed is very rare unless in an Inflammatory Fever, where a Vomit does not only hinder this Symptom, but sometimes occasion it, which must be observed; therefore when things are so I have found a Clyster of this kind more beneficial than any other Astringent whatever.  
Take of the Bark of Pomegranates ℥ ss, of Read Roses Pii, boil them in a sufficient quantity of Cow's Milk, dissolve ℥ ss of Diascordium in half a pound of the strained Liquor, mingle them and make a Clyster.  
I would not advice that a Clyster should be injected in a greater quantity, for tho' it may be naturally Astringent, yet there is danger jest it should weary the Intestines by its bulk, and so provoke more the flux which we endeavour to stop.  
But perhaps some one will object that it seems more proper, especially at the declination of the Disease, that the Diarrhaea if it hap, should rather be permitted than stopped, for as much as that Flux is sometimes critical, and carries of the Disease: I answer, that I don't deny, but that sometimes the Fever is carried of this way, but this so seldom happens that we may not depend upon it, and that account (in which having spoke generally of the Cure of all Fevers, we endeavoured to prove the necessity of the stopping this Flux) is also here much to the purpose; and now this is to be added, and in my Opinion 'tis worth observing, to wit, that for a genuine Depuration of the Blood, 'tis not only necessary that there be a Secretion of some parts by the Faeces, but it is requisite also that others like Flowers be separated, which is daily perceived in other Rich and Heterogeneous Liquors; wherefore if we too much indulge the Diarrhaea, the Depuration so much desired would be only imperfect, and perchance that which should be cast out last would be Secreted first. Truly I confess that separation by Flowers being made (which by the by is performed gradually and insensibly, and more commonly by large perspiration rather than by manifest sweat) the Diarrhaea if it should chance to hap will not be very dangerous; but 'tis to be noted that than it happens upon no other account, but because purging to carry of the Faeces was not opportunely prescribed, which Faeces indeed by their continuance growing malignant, provoke now the Intestines to Excretion; to say nothing that that Liquid consistence of the Excrements, (for so they are most commonly) sufficiently indicateth, that 'tis not to be accounted a critical Solution of the Disease.  
And perchance the Iliac Passion may be reckoned among the Symptoms that come 
The Iliac Passion.  upon Fevers, because violent Vomitings, which are want to appear at the beginning of Fevers, sometimes occasion it.  
This dreadful Disease, being hitherto almost in the opinion of all mortal, takes its rise from the inverted, and preposterous motion of the Intestines. To wit, the Fibres of the Intestines, which aught to be contracted from the Superior towards the Inferior, are drawn to the Superior; and whatsoever is contained in the Intestines, is not protruded to the Belly, but towards the Stomach, and is violently regurgitated to the mouth; so that Clysters, how sharp soever, become vomitive; and also Cathartics, taken by the mouth, are suddenly cast up by Vomit: And in my opinion, the exquisite and intolerable pain coming upon this Disease, is only occasioned by the foresaid preposterous motion of the Intestines. For whereas those Folds which the many circumvolutions of the Intestines make, are so formed by Nature, that they should most fitly conduce to the carrying down of the Faeces, when they, I say, are forced to give way to a motion contrary to their Fibres, the aforesaid pain is occasioned from thence, which is fixed to one part, and is like the boring of an Auger, when either the Valve, which is placed at the beginning of the Colon, hinders the going back of the Excrements to the Ileon, or any other Membrane belonging to the Sinus, sustains alone the force of this preposterous Impulse.  
We may assign a twofold cause of this Inverversion, from whence that pain arises, viz. Obstruction and Irritation.  
First therefore, whatever violently obstructs the Intestines, so that nothing can pass downwards, necessarily produces this contrary motion in them. Among these, Authors are want to reckon the Excrements hardened, gross wind collected in a great quantity, and tying up as it were the Intestines, the constriction of them in a Rupture; and lastly, an Inflammation, and other great tumors which stop up the internal Cavity of the Intestine. In the mean time we must not deny, that this contrary motion, owing its rise to these causes, is rather to be accounted the motion of the things taken in, than of the Intestines: Neither is this an inversion of the whole dust of the Intestines, but only of those which are situated above the seat of that obstruction; wherefore I call an Iliac Passion proceeding hence, Spurious.  
Secondly, I think that in the Iliac Passion the cause of the inversion of the peristaltic motion of the Intestines, is most commonly after this manner, viz. Sharp and malignant humours are cast upon the Stomach, and the Guts that are next to it, by the Blood raging on the account of the Fever begun of late, by which the motion of the Stomach is first inverted, and forced violently to cast up what is contained in it; at length the small guts that are joined to the Stomach being weakened, yield to the violent motion of it, and with them at last the greater follow by consent, the Stomach vomiting, leading as it were the Dance. This I call the true Iliac Passion, and which is treated of now: The Method of curing, it has been hitherto in a manner unknown, whatever some boast of the use of Quicksilver and Bullets, which besides that they do little good, are often very injurious. I have successfully used this method.  
When it appears by Clysters cast up by the mouth, and other signs, that 'tis a true Iliac Passion, I endeavour these three things: First, That the contrary motion of the Stomach, which causes the like motion of the Guts, may be hindered. Secondly, That the Intestines being weakened by the sharp humour, may be corroborated. Thirdly, That the Stomach and Guts be freed from those Humours; and that I may answer these Indications, I institute the Cure after this manner: First, I prescribe one Scruple of Salt of Wormwood in a spoonful of Juice of Lemons to be taken morning and evening: But at other times of the day I order some spoonfuls of Mint-water without Sugar, or any thing else to be taken twice in an hour, by the repeated use of which alone, the vomiting, and the pain arising from thence will soon vanish. At the same time I order a live Kitling to lie continually upon the naked Belly: But after the pain and vomiting has wholly ceased for the space of two or three days, I give one Dram of the Pill Coch. Maj. dissolved in Mint-water, which I also order to be used very often all the time of the working of the Pills, that I may the more certainly hinder the return of the vomiting: Neither is the Kitling to be removed before the Patient has taken the Pills.  
I have observed that 'tis to no purpose to give these Pills, or any other Cathartics, how strong soever, until the Stomach is strengthened, and reduced to its natural motion, and the Guts also to that which is proper to them: For otherwise all Cathartics taken inwardly would prove emetic, and so do more hurt than good; and therefore I don't use purging Medicines, until for some time I have used those Medicines which respect the Stomach.  
I prescribe a very thin Diet, for I allow only some spoonfuls of Chicken broth to be taken twice or thrice a day; in the mean while I order the Patient to keep his bed all the time of the Sickness, till the signs of perfect health appear; and when he is well I appoint him to persist in the use of the foresaid water, for a long time, and to keep his Belly warm with Flannels doubled, that there may not be a relapse, to which this Disease is more obnoxious than any other.  
My whole method of Curing this Disease, consists of these few things, which I trust will not be despised by any Judicious Person, by reason of its simplicity, and want of Rhetoric, and pomp of Medicines. And these are the Symptoms that are want to hap in this Fever, there are some others which I will not now mention, partly because they are of lesle moment, and partly because they don't require a peculiar way of Cure, for the Fever being well treated they go of of themselves. And so much for the continual Fever of this Constitution and of its Symptoms.   

CHAP. II. Of the New Fever.  
THOUGH my old Age, worn out almost by long Sickness, may well require on that account a Writ of Ease, and a cessation from deep thought, the labour of the Brain; yet I could not forbear, but I must be busied in the procuring the Health of others, though even by the loss of my own; when my acquaintance informed me of the entrance of a new Constitution, from whence proceeded a new sort of Fever, much unlike those that reigned of late.  
We must remember that in Autumn 1677. Intermittent Fevers first advanced and increased daily, and were Epidemic till they came to their state; afterwards they gradually decreased and so rarely appeared the last Years of this Constitution, that they could not be ' counted Epidemical; and on this account we must likewise take notice that the two last Years of the Constitution now going of, had two very severe Winters, especially the last save one, viz. the Year 1683, in which the season was so extremely cold, that no Man living ever saw the like, as to the intense degree of cold, and the long time it held. For the Noble River of Thames was so froze that it easily sustained, like a solid pavement, Coaches running about upon it, and Shops well stocked, in the manner of Streets, and great crowds of People. Thomas the following Year 84, did not equal the preceding, either as to the extremity of cold or obstinate duration of it, yet it did not come much behind it as to either; but as soon as it thawed in February, in the Year 8 4/5. this Fever, began that I now treat of, which I take to be a new sort of Fever, and wholly different from that which has prevailed for these eight Years last passed.  
I can't certainly say whether the change of this Constitution is to be attributed to the alteration of the manifest qualities of the Air, which succeeded for those two Winters; for I have observed that alterations as to the sensible qualities of Years how different soever, have not produced species of Epidemic Diseases; and that a certain series of Years (though one Year has differed from another, as to outward appearance and temperament) have notwithstanding all agreed in the production of the same species of stationary Fevers; which when I had seriously considered, I was of the Opinion, as I have mentioned in another place, that the change of a Constitution chief depends on some secret and hidden alteration in the Bowels of the Earth passing through the whole Atmosphaere, or from some influence of the Celestial Bodies. Thomas 'tis to be noted here, that when the Depuratory Fever heretofore went of, a very dry and violent Frost from the beginning of Winter 64, froze up all things, nor did it at all abate till the beginning of March, at which time, assoon as the Frost went of, and a Pestilential Fever, soon after the Plague began to rage. But however this be, the Fever which we now Treat of, began at the time aforesaid, to wit in Feb. 8t. and was more spread through all the parts of England, and more Epidemic in other places than here in London, the Year before and this Year.  
When I was first called to this Fever, I verily believed 'twas not of that kind of Fevers which I call Stationary, but rather of the Family of Intercurrents, which come promiscuously almost in all Years; to wit, that 'twas nothing else than that Bastard Peripneumonia, which I have heretofore described in my Book of Acute Diseases, only with this difference, that in this Fever the Symptoms did not appear now and than, which were more Pathognomonic in the Peripneumonia; such are a violent Cough, a violent Headache in Coughing, cleaving as it were the Head, a Giddiness upon any motion, and a great difficulty in Breathing, all which did most commonly accompany the Bastard Peripneumonia. When therefore the Bookseller desired a new Edition of my Works at that time, I Published my conjecture in the Postscript, in which I perceive I was mistaken; and truly I was led into this Error by the great and manifest agreement which was between this Fever and the foresaid Peripneumonia, which comes now and than every Winter; but the Summer coming on, which was want to vanquish these Peripneumonic Fevers, and this notwithstanding continuing, I was soon convinced of my error, and was wholly persuaded that 'twas to be reduced to a new Constitution.  
After as diligent a search as I could make, the Symptoms I observed are, and were for the most part these, the Sick is Cold and Hot by turns, and often complains of Pain of his Head and Limbs; the Pulse are like the Pulse of those that are well; Blood taken away is most commonly like the Blood of Pleuritics; the Patient for the most part is troubled with a Cough, which together with other Symptoms accompanying a gentle Peripneumonia goes of so much the sooner, by how much longer the Disease invades from Winter. A pain seizes the Neck and Jaws, sometimes at the beginning of the Disease, but 'tis lesle than in a Quinsey; though the Fever be Continual, yet it has often violent Exacerbations towards Evening, as if 'twere a double Tertian or Quotidian. The Patient is much endangered by keeping his Bed continually, though he has but very little clotheses on, for by that means the Fever being turned upon the Brain he soon falls into a Coma or Frenzy; and to speak the truth, the inclination in this Disease to a Frenzy is so great that it often creeps on of a sudden of its own accord, without any such occasion. But the Frenzy does not rise with so great a fury in this Fever, as in that with which those that have the Small Pox and other Fevers are seized; for the Sick rather dotes, muttering now and than some odd words. Petechiae very often break out by reason of the unseasonable use of Cordials, and too a hot Regimen; and in young People of a hot constitution, Purple Spots the certain signs of a high Inflammation, as well in this as in any other kind of Acute Diseases; and sometimes Eruptions which they call Miliares, sprinkle themselves over the Superficies of the Body, and are not much unlike the Measles, only they are Redder, and when they go of they don't leave behind them those Branny Scales which are seen in the Measles; though they come sometimes of their own accord, yet most commonly they are forced out by the heat of the Bed and Cordials. The Patients ' Tongue is either moist or dry according to the Method which has been used; when its dry 'tis of a Duskish Colour in the middle, which is hemmed round with a whitish Fringe; but when 'tis moist 'tis all White, covered also with a White and filthy Skin; for if the Patient be too much heated by the Method used, the Tongue is most commonly Dusky and Dry, but if not 'tis Moist and White. The same is to be affirmed of Sweat, which flows according to the different Method aforesaid; for if the Patient be treated with too much Heat, 'tis in a manner Viscous, especially about the Head; and though it flow freely, and from all parts, yet the Sick has little relief by it: so that 'tis manifest that such Sweats are only Symptomatical; not Critical. Sweated forced by Art at the beginning of the Disease, used to put of the Morbific matter, if not on the Head, at lest upon the Limbs. But when the Fever has possessed the Head, and the Frensre has once prevailed, than no signs of the Fever remain, only the Pulse is sometimes quicker sometimes slower: but at length, when by ill management, the Spirits are driven into a Confusion, the Pulse is inordinate, with a Subsultus of the Members, and Death soon follows.  
As to the Cure, those Signs of the Peripneumonia which accompanied this Fever last Year in February, in which it first began, made me believe presently after Winter, as I said before, that it aught to be reckoned with the Family of Peripneumonics; and therefore I presently betook myself to that Method which I have heretofore commended in the Cure of the Bastard Peripneumonia, which indeed was very successful to me, in those few, I was scarce able to take care of by reason of my Sickness, and to others who were pleased to try it upon my commendation. What ever it was that persuaded me to use this Method, I am now fully satisfied, having weighed the Phaenomena of the Disease, and the Temperateness of the last Year, which followed the two cold Winters (especially of the Winter, if it could be called so, for it brought with it no considerable cold) I say 'tis manifest to me that this Fever is nothing else than a simple Inflammation of the Blood, and that therefore the Curative Indications are wholly to be directed to the suppressing of the said Inflammation by proper Remedies and Methods.  
Therefore I proceed after this manner, first I order ten ounces of Blood to be taken from the Arm; and truly this Fever (how like soever the Blood be most commonly to that of Pleuritics) does not easily bear repeated Bleeding; but if a difficulty of Breathing, a lancing pain of the Head in Coughing and the like, signify that this Disease tends to a Bastard Peripneumonia, than Bleeding and Purging are to be repeated, until all the Symptoms wholly vanish, as I have said in the Chapter of a Peripneumonia, and I desire this may be seriously minded.  
In the Evening I apply a Blister to the Pole, and next Morning give this lenitive Portion.  
Take of Tamarinds ℥ ss, leaves of Sennaʒii, Rubarbʒiss, boil them in a sufficient quantity of water to ℥ iii, in the strained Liquor, dissolve of Manna and Syrup of Roses Solutive each ℥ i,, mingle them and make a Potion to be taken early in the Morning.  
Which I order to be repeated every other day for thrice, and this or the like Paregoric to be taken at Bedtime after every Purge.  
Take of Cowslip water ℥ two, of Diacodium ℥ i, of juice of Lemons freshdrawn 2 spoonfuls, mingle them and make a draught.  
viz. To prevent the Patients being Comatose, by reason of the confusion of the Animal Spirits, which Purges often occasion, by the Tumult they raise in the Blood and Humours of those that have Fevers; which Symptom is Crued by Hypnotic Medicines, though they seem to promote it; for which reason not daring to give a Purge, in the Comatose's Fever of the Year 73. I persisted in the use of Clysters; for I knew very well that Purging Medicines, us'ed at that time, presently occasioned a Coma, which perhaps would have happened otherwise, if I had thought of giving a Paregonic after such a Purge. But when the Patient does not Purge, we must not give an Anodyne at bedtime, jest it hinder the operation of the Cathartic, which is to be taken the next day (which is usual, though it be taken late) but if it don't wholly stop it, it will tender it lesle efficacious. 'Tis a Rule with me, in this and other Epidemic Fevers, not to Purge either in the beginning or state of the Disease, unless Bleeding hath first been used: which indeed by being either neglected or violated has occasioned the Death of many, especially of Children, as I have in another place admonished by way of caution.  
But we must take notice, that though for the most part the 'foresaid Evacuations aught to be used in the Cure of this Fever, yet often the Sick, especially if he be a young Man or Infant, presently recovers after Bleeding and being once Purged: and there is no occasion for more, the Fever being vanquished by the first; but on the contrary 'tis sometimes necessary that Purges should be used oftener than we said before. For it sometimes happens, though rarely, that the Patient being freed by this Method, relapses in a few days after by reason of the Febrile matter growing Crude again; but 'tis presently Eliminated by the Purge repeated the fourth time, though this Fever seldom happens under this Method, unless it be occasioned by Aphthae, coming at the latter end of the preceding Fever, and now being at their height, recall it; which Fever is indeed only Symptomatical, and the Hickocks returning by intervals often follow it, which also remain for some days after the Fever is gone of; but at length vanish of their own accord, as the Patient gets strength, which is diligently to be noted; for as much as there is no danger from the Hickocks coming at the latter end of this Fever, unless many Medicines are over officiously and unprofitably crammed in, and than Death is instead of the Physician; but both the Aphthaes and Hickocks, or either of them, if they don't go of of their own accord, but continued a long while, may be easily Cured by the Peruvian Bark, viz. an ounce with a sufficient quantity of Erratic Poppies, either in the form of an Electuary, or Pills taken after the manner I set down heretofore in my Epistle to Dr. Brady, drinking upon it a draught of Posset-drink. Which Remedy I have found by experience in this case more certain than any other whatever, if its virtue be not spoiled (as commonly 'tis) by the Patient keeping his Bed continually.  
I sometimes prescribe the following or the like, on the days the Purges are not taken.  
Take of the Conserve of Woodsorrel, of Cynosbal. aa ℥ i, Conserve of Barberies ℥ ss, Cream of Tartarʒi, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Lemons, make an Electuary, of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg thrice aday, drinking upon it four spoonfuls of the following Julap.  
Take of the water of Purslain, Lettuce and Cowslips aa ℥ iii, of Syrup of Lemons ℥ iss, of Syrup of Violets ℥ i, mingle them and make a Julap.  
Or take of Fountain waters lb i, of Rose water, of the juice of Lemons, of White Sugar aa ℥ iv, boil them over a gentle fire, till all the scum be risen, take ℥ iii at pleasure.  
But in all these things I forbear the use of Spirit of Vitriol, though it be very refrigerating, because 'tis not proper in any Diseases that are Cured by Purging, by reason 'tis so very Styptic, not to mention now the Mineral nature of this Spirit.  
It often happens, especially towards the end of this Fever, that the Sick when he is managed after this manner, Sweats now and than of his own accord in the Night, by which all the Symptoms of the Disease are very much mitigated; but notwithstanding seeing we can't trust in such Sweats, we must by no means intermit the 'foresaid method, because if the Sick should indulge those Sweats for a longer time, the Fever which the preceding Purges had in some sort subjugated would again revive; for if the Sweated be protracted beyond that time, in which the Febrile particles repaired by due coction are wholly carried of, the Sweats that follow do nothing else but kindle the flame afresh; wherefore though those Sweats which flowed Spontaneously were perchance critical, with respect to the casting out of the Febrile matter, which is fit for Expulsion, yet the others that follow them may be only Symptomatical, and so do more hurt than good. In a word, the gentle heat of the Bed at Nights opportunely favours such Sweats as flow of their own accord in the Night; wherefore the Sick should have no more nor thicker clotheses on, than he use to have when he was well, nor should any hot Medicines be given. Let him only keep his Bed a little longer than he is want, in the Morning following, and afterwards let him persist in the method of Cure above prescribed.  
His diet is to be Oatmeal and Barley broths, and now and than a roasted Apple, and after the second Purge Chicken broth. I order small Beer cold for his ordinary drink, and the white Decoction made of one ounce of Hartshorn calcind, and boiled in three pints of common water, and afterwards sweetened with white Sugar.  
'tis not necessary, as I have mentioned in another place, after the taking of two Purges, to forbidden the Eating of Chickens, and the like of easy concoction; for this way of Cure by Purging indulges the same, which could not be allowed if we proceeded in another way; moreover after the last Purge, if the Fever has a little spent itself, and is not yet turned to an Ague, three or four spoonfuls of Canary Wine may be taken Night and Morning, and after Dinner for some Days, by which the Strength may be the sooner restored and the Febrile fits averted.  
But for as much as this kind of Fever is more prove, than any other I ever yet saw, to assault the Head, neither can it be removed from thence without great difficulty: I seriously admonish my Patients that they lie a Bed naked only a Nights, but if they are so very much weakened that they can't sit upright, I permit that they should lie upon the Bed or Couch with their clotheses on, with their Heads a little elevated; neither do I allow that they should have any more fire in their Chambers than when they were well.  
And as this Regimen is to be observed from the beginning, in all that are seized with this Fever, (excepting Women taken on the first days of Childbed) so is it necessarily enjoined, when the Physician is called to a Patient, who by reason of too hot a Regimen, has been seized with a Frenzy, Petechiae or Purple spots, or any other signs of a violent inflammation; for in this case though Blood be taken away, though the Body be lightly covered, and whatever cooling Liquors are drunk, yet the Fever will not cease till the Patient keeps from bed adays, for as much as the heat of the Ambient Air, kept in by the cover, too much exagitates the Blood, and the lying posture of the Body forces the same with violence on the Head; but when the Frenzy hath once prevailed, by reason of an ill Method, it can't presently be tamed, neither is it safe to endeavour the Cure by repeating Bleeding and purging beyond the limits prescribed; but at length 'twill go of at its own time and of its own accord, by the help of the Method aforesaid. But nothing so much conduces to the removal of it as shaving the Head, and therefore I always order it without applying a Plaster, only a Cap so thick as may compensate the loss of the Hair, or at lest defend the Head from external cold; by this means the Brain is very much cooled and refreshed, so that by degrees it may be able to overcome the hot impressions that occasion the Frenzy.  
And what has been said of a Frenzy may likewise be affirmed of the Coma that comes upon this Fever, in which and in the said Frenzy the Febrile matter is carried up to the Head, and so if you except the whiteness of the Tongue there are no signs of a Fever; for the Patient seems to be wholly freed from it. In this Sympton as in the other, Cathartics, Sudorifics, Blisters, and the like, are not used only unsuccessfully, but do a great deal of hurt; for such Evacuation procure death, sooner than the Cure of this Symptom: wherefore after general Evacuations, by Bleeding and Purging, the business is to be committed to Nature and time, though this Symptom terrify the bystanders; for though the Sick be stupid for a long time, yet he will recover his Health after many days, if he be not continually kept a Bed; but is taken out of it a days and laid upon a Couch, or on the Bed with his Clotheses on; in the mean time his Head may be shaved, and at the latter end of this Symptom three or four spoonfuls of Canary Wine may be given twice a day. But I have Treated largely of this in the fifth Section, and second Chapter, of my Book of Acute Diseases, where I discoursed of a certain notable Coma that accompanied that Constitution.  
But as to the Fever the Physician is not to be deterred, from making the 'foresaid Evacuations, if upon feeling the Pulse, he should perceive a twitching of the Members or a Convulsive motion of the Body; for as much as in some kind of Diseases of the Nerves, both Bleeding and Purging done't only not do hurt but are necessarily prescribed; of which I will produce an experiment I made in a certain kind of Convulsion, which is commonly called Chorea Sancti Viti, of which Disease I have seen and Cured not lesle than Five by Bleeding and Purging prescribed by intervals; of which sort of Disease I will speak somewhat seeing it occurs opportunely, and clearly confirms the truth of what I now assert. Chorea Sancti Viti, is a sort of Convulsion which chiefly invades Boys and Girls from ten Years of age to Puberity: First it shows itself by a certain Lameness, or rather instability of one of the Legs, which the Patient drags after him like a Fool, afterwards 'tis perceived in the Hand of the same side, which he that has this Disease can in no wise keep in the same posture for a moment, if it be brought to the Breast or any other part, but 'twill be distorted to another position or place by a certain Convulsion, do the Patient what he can: if a cup of Drink be put in his Hand he represents a thousand gestures, like Jugglers, before he brings it to his Mouth; for whereas he can't carry it to his Mouth in a right line, his Hand being drawn hither and thither by the Convulsion, he turns it often about for some time, till at length happily reaching his Lips he flings it suddenly into his Mouth, and drinks it greedily as if the poor wretch designed only to make sport. For as much as this Disease seems to me to proceed from some Humour rushing in upon the Nerves, which provokes such preternatural motions; I think the Curative indications are first to be directed to the lessening those Humours by Bleeding and Purging, and than to the strengthening the genus nervosum, in order to which I use this Method: I take seven ounces of Blood from the Arm, more or lesle according to the age of the Patient; the next day I prescribe half or something more (according to the age, or the more or lesle disposition of the Body to bear Purging) of the common Purging Potion above described, of Tamarinds, and Senna, etc. in the Evening I give the following draught.  
Take of Black-Cherry water ℥ i, of Langius' Epileptic waterʒiiis, of old Venice Treacle ℈ i, of liquid Laudanum Gutt. viij, make a draught.  
I order the Purging Potion to be repeated thrice, once every other day, and a Paregoric draught the same nights; afterwards I prescribe Bleeding and Purging as before, and so Alternately I Bleed and Purge till the Patient has Bled three or four times, and after every Bleeding Purge so often as his strength will bear; only it must be diligently observed that there must be so much space between the Evacuations that the Patient receives no damage from thence; if the days Purging is not used, I prescribe as follows.  
Take of Conserve of Roman Wormwood, of the Yellow rind of Orranges' aa ℥ i, Conserve of Rosemary Flowers ℥ ss, of old Venice Treacle and Nutmegs Candid aa ʒiii, of Ginger Candid ʒi, Syrup of the juice of Citrons a sufficient quantity, make an Electuary, of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg in the Morning, and at five of the Clock in the Evening; drinking upon it five spoonfuls of the following Wine.  
Take of the Roots of Paeony, Elicampane, Masterwort, Angelica aa ℥ i, of the Leaves of Rue, Sage, Betony, Germander, white Whorehound, and the tops of the lesser Centaury aa Mi, of Juniper Berriesʒvi, the rinds of two Oranges; let them be cut and infused cold, in six pints of Canary wine; strain it as you use it.  
Take of Rue water ℥ iv, of Langius' Epileptic water, and compound Briony water aa ℥ i, Syrup of Paeonyʒvi, mingle them and make a Julap, take four spoonfuls at bedtime, with eight drops of Spirit of Hartshorn. Let a Blaister of Gum Caranna be applied to the Soles of the Feet.  
The more the Patient recovers, the lesle he drags his Foot, and the Hand is steddier, so that he can bring the cup to his Mouth more directly; which are certain signs how much better he is: but though to perfect the Cure, I would not advice that he should be Bled more than three or four times, yet Cathartic, and Alterative Medicines are to be used till he is quite well. And because he that has once this Disease may easily relapse, I think it expedient that he be Blooded and Purged for some days the next year about the same time, or a little before the Disease first invaded. And truly I suppose that the Epilepsy of the adult, may go nigh to be Cured by this Method, if the Remedies prescribed were well proportioned to their Age, though by reason I have seldom met with this Disease, I have not yet tried it; but this by the by.  
It sometimes happens in Women subject to Hysteric fits, that when the Cure has been managed by the 'foresaid Evacuations, the Fever continues after Bleeding and Purging, though repeated; in this case the Fever that now prevails is plainly continued by the commotion of the Spirits occasioned by the Evacuations; and therefore all other things being omitted, the Curative indications are only to be directed to the appeasing the fury of the Spirits, if there be no signs of a Peripneumonia, or Inflammation about the vital parts. In order to which a Paregoric, that is sufficient to 'cause sleep, aught to be prescribed every night; and also Hysteric Medicines properly so called, twice or thrice a day, such are Pills made of Galbanum, Assafoetida, Castor and the like, and Julaps of the same nature, described in my Treatise of Hysteric Fits. Moreover that meat and drink which is most agreeable to the appetite of the Patient aught to be allowed to recover the strength, and to suppress the vapours, as they call them.  
We have said already, that this Fever had both the last year, and especially this, a certain Exacerbation daily about night, not much unlike the fit of an intermittent Fever. Wherhfore those Physicians that had found by experience that all those Fevers which did any whit intermit (and often those that did not intermit at all) through that series of years from 77 to the beginning of 85, were certainly Cured by the Peruvian Bark, treated this Fever with the same Remedy: but though 'twas rational, yet most commonly 'twas not so successful as in the former years. For upon a diligent search I found that though a great quantity of the Bark was given, yet it rarely Cured the Patient, and so very rarely, that I rather imputed the recovery of the Sick to some lucky event of the Disease, than to the virtue of the Bark, so that it wholly lost that Sanative virtue and certainty it had in the 'foresaid years. I mean the Fever we Treat of now, which is something like a Quotidian; but when there is the type of a genuine Tertian, or of one invading every other day, the Bark is as prevalent now as ever; so that 'tis very manifest that this Fever was quite different from that of the former Constitution, for as much as the use of the Bark does now no good, and this is heighthened by Wine, Cordials, and other hot things; all which well enough agreed with the use of the Bark and also with that Fever.  
Moreover we must take notice that this Fever raging all the Summer, especially that of this year, the Disease did often show itself, not so much by the Pathognomonic signs of a Fever, to wit by restlessness and inquietude, as by Gripes sometimes dry and sometimes lose, yet notwithstanding the Fever of this season lurked under this disguise, in which the inflammatory exhalations of the Blood were not as is usual protruded to the habit of the Body, but put of inwardly by the Mesenteric Arteries, upon the Viscera of the lower Belly, and sometimes upon the Stomach by the branches of the Coeliac Arteries, which exhalations are want to provoke Vomiting, especially presently after taking Drink or any more solid nourishment: yet though this Fever lurked under the form of the 'foresaid Symptoms, yet 'twas to be Cured by the genuine Method we delivered above, in the same manner as if it had appeared in its own Colours; to wit, by Bleeding and repeated Cathartics; only 'tis to be noted, that when the Fever does so much molest the Stomach, that it can't retain a Potion, than the Pill Coch. Major (of which 2 Scruples prescribed do always pass through the Body) may be substituted in the room of a gentle purging Potion; but the Pills must be taken at four in the Morning, that the Patient may sleep after them, and than an Hypnotic in a large dose is to be allowed; to wit, a Grain and a half of Solid London Laudanum, with the like quantity of Mastic made into two Pills, to be taken the same Night; or eighteen or twenty drops of Liquid Laudanum in an Ounce of Cinnamon water hordeated or any other generous Vehicle, by which means the Stomach being both Corroborated, and not Irritated by the small quantity, may not cast up the Medicine: But if the Purging Potion and Diacodium can possibly be retained in the Stomach, they are wholly to be preferred before the 'foresaid Pills and Laudanum, for they perform their business without heating the Body so much as the Pills.  
But seeing I have made mention of the Gripes, I will admonish my acquaintance with how much danger, as I have frequently observed, Mineral waters are want to be prescribed in any Gripes whatever, or Looseness, or Vomiting, or any other Disease whatever, that takes its rise from a Fever, for as much as in so subtle and spiritual kind of Disease, as 'tis manifest a Fever is, Mineral Medicines do so confounded all things, that instead of the Symptoms which were want to accompany a Fever, they introduce accidents altogether irregular, yet in the mean while don't at all assist towards the extirpation of the Fever, which I have long and often observed.  
But this must be seriously minded, for as much as it may serve to deliver many from the Jaws of Death; to wit, that notwithstanding what we have said before, when the 'foresaid Gripes rise to a confirmed Dissentery, in which besides the Gripes some Mucous matter together with Blood is excreted by Stool; 'tis manifestly very dangerous to treat the Disease with that tedious Method which orders evacuations first, and afterwards those things that attemperate the sharp Humours (to say nothing of Astringent Medicines of various kinds and forms, taken inwardly, and Clysters sometimes Astringent, sometimes Consolidating now and than injected) for I have found by experience that a Dysentery is most certainly and most speedily Cured, if without any more ado the Flux be stopped presently with Laudanum; for this Disease is so very violent and fierce, that if you persist in Purging, when the Dysentery is confirmed, there is great danger, jest it being heigthened by this means should by reason of its incredible Ferment torment the Patiented the ionger, do afterwards what you can, or perhaps kill him. Therefore being called, I presently give about twenty two drops of Liquid Laudanum in Epidemic water, or in aq. Mirab. or the like, to be repeated twice in the space of twenty four hours, or oftener at set times, if the Dose prescribed to be used only Morning and Evening, be not sufficient to quell the Gripes and the Bloody Stools; the Excrements being a little thickened, or of a better consistence (which is the first sign of recovery) and the Symptoms being subdued, I suppose its safest for the Patient to continued a while in the use of the 'foresaid remedy Morning and Evening, taking some drops daily till there be not farther occasion. But 'tis to be noted that I order the Patient to keep his Bed longer after the use of a Paregoric, for any Erect posture soon disturbs the Head unless the Patiented sleep long enough after it. As to Diet, if the Patient has been accustomed before to Wine, I allow him Canary, but well diluted with water, in which a crust of Bread has been boiled, which I order to be kept cold for this use in a stone bottle, that it may be in readiness when the Wine is to be attemperated; also the white decoction of  Hartshorn in Fountain water, drank freely is good; Barley or Chicken-broth, or a poached Egg, or any thing else of easy digestion may suffice for food on the first days; but afterwards we must rise by degrees to more generous liquors, and to a more plentiful and solid nourishment, jest too great a vacuity should produce again the same Disease the Patient recovered of, or some other Symptoms that are occasioned by emptiness. But we must note this, that tho' Laudanum alone did subjugate Dysentries of this constitution, yet in those years in which they are epedimic, and exceed other Diseases, 'twill not be improper to use those evacuations first, which I have heretofore described in the Chapter of a Dysentery.  
And as in that confirmed Dysentery now spoke of, so in this case that follows, it can't be that the Cure should be presently expedited by that method which is proper for the Fever, from whence it first took its rise. For instance, sometimes 'tis so that the Patient being seized with a horror and rigour (heat and cold succeeding one another by turns, which are the certain signs of an imminent Fever) is of a sudden miserably afflicted with the Gripes, by reason of an eruption of the febrile matter; and whereas he aught to be purged and blooded as directed above: Presently he betakes himself to hot Medicines taken inwardly, and outwardly applied, to the intent he may expel the Wind, which he supposes is the cause of his Misery, till at length the pain increasing, and being as it were impacted into the Bowels by long continuance, the peristaltic motion (by which according to the Law of Nature, all things should be conveyed downwards) gins to be inverted, and all things tend upwards, and the Patient is grievously tormented, and provoked to vomit, the Disease now ending in an Iliac Passion. In this case the Physician can proceed not further in the method of Cure, which the Fever, the antecedent cause of this Symptom, required, than to order bleeding in the Arm for once: For how many, and whatsoever Catharties you prescribe, will presently become emetic, and so the more promote the inverted motion of the Bowels; for as much as the strongest purging Medicines, or indeed the lest part of them, can scarce pass the Guts, and 'cause a Stool. In this case I think 'tis most advisable, first to bleed in the Arm, and an hour or two after to inject a strong Clyster. I accounted the smoke of Tobacco, strongly blown up through a large Bladder into the Intestines by a Pipe inverted, to be the best and most efficacious Clyster I know, which may be repeated a little while after, unless the former, by giving a Stool, open the passages downwards. But this Symptom being not wholly conquered by this Remedy, 'tis necessary that a Cathartic, somewhat stronger, be used, how difficult soever it be to make way.  
Take of the Pill ex Duobus gr. XXXV. Mercurius Dulc. one Scruple, make four Pills with a sufficient quantity of Balsam of Peru, take them in a Spoonful of Syrup of Violets.  
Drink no Liquor upon them, jest they should not be retained; but if the Patient should vomit this Remedy, we must proceed in this manner: Let him take presently 25 drops of Liquid Laudanum in half an ounce of strong Cinnamon-water, and after a few hours let it be repeated; but when the vomiting and pain of the Belly are abated by the use of these, than the foresaid Cathartic may be repeated again; for at this time 'twill be retained under the protection of the Laudanum, and will at length perform its business; but if the vomiting and pain should again return, by reason the virtue of the Anodyne is wholly decayed, and the Purge should stop in the Body, in this case, all hopes from Stools being at present laid aside, we must return to the use of the Paregoric before described, which must be repeated every fourth or sixth hour, till the Guts be wholly quiet, and the natural motion downwards be restored, at which time the Cathartic, which has hitherto been stopped in the Body, by reason of the contrary motion of the Guts, will now operate by Stool; tho' because of the Narcotic so often repeated, a quite contrary effect might seem to follow, which I have just now experienced in a Gentlewoman tormented with a very severe Iliac Passion, who had afterwards Aphthae by reason of too long retension of the humours that occasioned the Disease, and of sharp Purges; but they were easily cured by the use of the Peruvian Bark above described, and by washing the mouth often with the following Gargarism.  
Take of Verjuice lb ss. Syrup of Rasberr'ies ℥ i, make a Gargarism.  
But when these passages are open again as much as they should be, the Patient may forbear purging for some days, till the Tumult raised of late in the Bowels be wholly ceased, which space of time may conveniently enough be allowed for diluting and attemperating the heat and acrimony of the humours, which being done, he must purge every other day as before, if the lest footsteps of the Fever remain: But enough of this.  
If a Child has this Fever, two Leeches must be applied behind each Ear, and a Blister to the Neck, and it must be purged with Beer, wherein Rhubarb has been infused; if after purging the Fever seem to remit, than the Julap must be given of the Cortex Peru, set down for Infants in the Chapter of an intermitting Fever.  
Moreover 'tis to be noted, that Children are equally obnoxious to this kind of Fever with the Adult, and that therefore they are to be cured by the same method, only the quantity of Blood to be taken away, aught to be lessened, with respect to their Age, and purging aught to be accommodated to it, and perchance not so often to be used; for the Diseases of Infants, and young People will be often tamed by the first or second Purge: Yet we must seriously consider, whether the Fever treated after this manner, certainly belong to this Constitution, or to another kind, which aught seriously to be minded in those Fevers that seize infants in all constitutions of years; for 'tis commonly known, that Children are often seized with Fevers, arising from their breeding Teeth, which are not easily distinguished from Fevers of another kind. I have been in great doubt a long time about the Cure of these, neither could I be certainly persuaded but of late, that any committed to my Care, were recovered so much by Art as by chance; till at length, being frequently admonished of the happy success of a Medicine, that is not very famous, yea indeed very contemptible, upon the account of the common use of it; I had also prescribed it, which answered my desire better than any I know; 'tis three or four drops of Spirit of Hartshorn, given in a spoonful or two of Black cherry-water, or of any other proper Julap, four or six times, once every fourth hour  
There is another Symptom that very much infests Infants, which is very different from the Fevers, of various constitutions of the years, and from that last mentioned: 'Tis a sort of Hectic, that afflicts Children a long time, and those that are troubled with it, languish without any considerable heat, with a loss of Appetite, and a wasting every where, both of the Members and Trunk of the Body. I use this simple Method following. Take of choice Rhubarb flic'd ʒii, let it be put into a glass Bottle, containing a Quart of Small Beer, well stopped, or any other Liquor the Child usually drinks of, which medicated Beer I order to be taken both in the day and night, and at meals; which being drank up, I order a quart more to be put upon the same Rhubarb, which also being drunk of, a quart more is to be put upon it as before, after which the Rhubarb commonly loses its virtue, and the Child recovers; but jest the Beer first put on should be too much impregnated with the cathartic quality of the Rhubarb, and so purge too much, 'twill be better to add another pint presently after the first is drunk; but afterwards fresh Beer must not be added, till the whole Bottle be taken.  
But to return to the Fever we now treat of, to wit, of the present Constitution; We must diligently observe, that in this sort of Fever (as in a Rheumatism, and many other Diseases, whose Cure is performed only by evacuations) if we obstinately insist on the foresaid evacuations, till all the Symptoms wholly cease, the Sick will often be destroyed; for 'tis not very unusual that some slight Symptoms, as it were the relics of the feeble Fever, remain a while after the Disease is gone of; yet there is no fear of a relapse from thence, they retiring gradually, as health returns; for these Symptoms are commonly nothing else but the true Progeny of those evacuations, by which the Physician endeavoured to cure the Disease: If this at lest be added, as partly the Cause, to wit, the emptiness, that the abstinence of the Sick from his wont Meals and Drink has occasioned: all which, when they fall upon Bodies weakened, and almost worn out by the Disease, raise Vapours, as they say, as in Women; and for the same reason, on the account of the weakened, disjected, and broken System of the Animal Spirits: Wherhfore having made these evacuations, that are sufficient for taking of the Disease, 'tis the Duty of a prudent Physician to forbear the unseasonable administration of them, and to wait a while on Time, often the best and most successful Physician, for the taking of those light Symptoms, which indeed, as I have often observed, go of at the latter end of such a Disease, without any more , by a Paregorick taken at Bedtime two or three nights.  
The method now delivered much excels all I have tried in the cure of this Fever; and if at any time it does not take it of, yet it forces it to intermit, and than 'tis always cured by the Peruvian Bark: But whereas purging, ordered for the cure of this Fever, may perchance seem injurious to some, I affirm, that upon trial, nothing so certainly and so powerfully cools the Patient, as purging prescribed after bleeding, which must be always used first: For tho' a purging does for the present raise a greater tumult in the Blood, and other humours on the day 'tis taken, and in the operation, than was before, yet that injury will be sufficiently made up by the advantage that presently follows; for 'tis found by experience, that purging after bleeding quells a Fever sooner and better than any other Remedy whatever, both as it expels that filthy humour from the Body, by which, as the antecedent Cause, the Fever was occasioned; and if they were not peccant before, yet at length being heated, concocted, and thickened by the Fever, do much to tender it more lasting: And also, as it makes way for an Anodyne, which performs its business safer, and much sooner, than if the peccant humours, which might otherwise hinder the force of the Paregoric, were not eliminated by purging.  
But on the contrary, as that method which is busied in eliminating the febrile matter through the pores of the skin be lesle certain, so is it more troublesome and tedious; for by it the Disease is very often protracted many Weeks, and the Patient is brought by this means to the brink of the Grave; and if he chance at length to escape Death, he is plagued with a crowd of Medicines all the long course of the Disease, to take of those Symptoms, which the ill management of the Disease brought on, when the Cure of it is attempted by the hottest method and medicines, which according to its own Genius wholly requires the coldest of both; and so while brainsick men enslave themselves to Rules of Art, falsely so called, and despise the judgement of their very Senses, informing them better, they learnedly convert a Disease, of its own nature short and easy, into a lasting and difficult one, confounding all things through tumult and fear, and raising, as they say, Waves in a Cup; upon which account there is no more need of them, than of a Pilate, who when he may sail in the open Sea, steers the Ship among Rocks and Shelves; from whence, tho' he may gain an opportunity of acquiring Fame by his great skill in preserving the Vessel in so great danger, yet certainly he will be reckoned an imprudent man.  
And for these Reasons I can, I trust, affirm upon good grounds, that the 'foresaid method of Cure, by bleeding and purging, is more powerful than any other, for the subduing of Fevers of most kinds; for tho'sweating, to speak properly, is natures own method, by which she casts out the febrile matter, and is more genuine and commodious than the rest, when Nature left to itself, first digests the 'foresaid matter, and than when 'tis well concocted, gently expels it through the habit of the Body; which happy event of Nature, of curing Fevers by sweeting, when practical Physicians had often observed, the Dogmatical took occasion from hence of making this Rule, That all Fevers may, and aught to be cured by this method alone, and no other: But if we should grant this, yet Art, how much soever it may seem to imitate Nature, yet it can't arrogate to itself this privilege, that 'tis able to Cure Fevers certainly by Sweeting. For first Art knows not by what means the peccant matter should be fitly prepared to undergo Expulsion, and if it should know this, yet it has no certain signs by which it may be admonished of the due preparation of it: so that also 'tis avoidable ignorant of the fit time of provoking Sweat: and I suppose no one if he be not very obstinate, will deny that 'tis very dangerous to raise Sweat rashly, before a due Concoction, for by forcing the crude matter upon the Brain, it adds Oil to the Flame; and as I have hinted in another place, that that wholesome advice of Hypocrates (to wit, that things Concocted, not Crude, are to be Medicated) does not seem to respect so much Purging, as Sweated forced by Art For no one that is but indifferently acquainted with the practice of Physic can be ignorant, how many are dangerously injured by old Women and Quacks, by this preposterous use of Sudorifics, for 'tis customary with these, if any one complains of Shivering, and a Pain of the Head and Bones, which are most commonly the forerunners of a Fever; presently to put them to Bed, and do all they can to force them to sweated: by which unseasonable endeavours they are so far from preventing the Fever, which perchance would go of of its own accord, or by taking away some Blood; that on the contrary its the more heigthened, and becomes a confirmed and radicated Disease. This is moreover to be noted, to say no more of old Women, that as those Sweats that come at the beginning of the Fever are wholly Symptomatical not Critical, so those that are forced at the beginning of the Fever by Diaphoretics, most commonly conduce not more to the Cure of it than the other Symptomatical Sweats that flow so early of their own accord are want to do, that is, most commonly not all; and than as Art is ignorant of the due time for promoting Sweat, so likewise knows not how long it should persevere in forcing them: for if Sweats are continued beyond the due time by which, to wit, the matter occasioning the Disease is wholly expelled, a Consumption of those humid Particles, with which the Blood should be diluted and attemperated, will make the Fever continued longer and heighten it. 'Tis manifest therefore how uncertain this method is, whereas on the contrary 'tis in the Physician's power to moderate the other as he please, in which the Febrile matter is Eliminated by Bleeding and Purging. Moreover this is to be preferred before the other for this reason; to wit, that if the Physician should miss his aim in Curing the Patient, yet he will not injure him, which is otherwise in the use of Diaphoretics, unless he recover; for the heat of one that is kept continually in Bed, to which he has addicted himself for some time, contrary to his custom (to say nothing of Cordials which are always used in this way of Cure) confounds the Economy of Nature, and occasions Convulsions of the Members, and other irregular Symptoms, which can't therefore be described, because they don't belong to the History of the Disease, (which is common in many Symptoms respecting all Diseases) but take their rise from the Confusion and Tumult that are unnecessarily occasioned; by which Nature is often oppressed when we carry on the Cure of the Disease by this Method; all which are commonly want to be imputed to I know not what Malignity.  
The invention of which Opinion concerning malignity, either as to the Nameor Notion of it, has been much more destructive to mankind than even that of Gunpowder: for as much as those Fevers are chief said to be Malignant, in which the inflammation is higher than in others; and therefore Physicians have betook themselves to Cordials and Alexipharmacs, to the end they may expel through the Pores of the Skin the Poison they dream of, (for so it must be called, unless they had rather trifle about words, than propose seriously that which may be understood) upon which account they have prescribed the hottest Medicines and Method for those Diseases, which required above others the coldest Remedies and Regimen, which is manifest enough both in the Small Pox, (which is one of the hottest Diseases in Nature) and in the Cure of other Fevers: into which Error perchance they were led, by beholding the Petechiae and purple spots, and other Phaenomena of the same kind, all which own their rise in most Subjects to an Inflammation superinduced upon the Blood of the Patient, too much fired by the Fever already; for as much as they rarely hap, except at the beginning of the Plague, and of those Flux-Small Pox that participate of the highest Inflammation: for in this kind of Disease the Livid Spots appear in various parts of the Body, together with the Pustules, when they first come out, and the Patient will be troubled with an Excretion of Blood, either by the Urinary passages, or by the Lungs, with a Cough, when the Blood rages with such a violent motion and fury occasioned by the Inflammation, that having broke through all, it rushes into the Cavities of the Body. And though the Purple Spots in this Fever don't take their rise from such an intense heat of the Blood, as that is which causes such Haemorrhages, yet notwithstanding they are produced by the same Inflammation, though in a lesle degree; and when there is not that Execretion of Blood they are easily taken of by a cooling Regimen. But if they conjecture there is Malignity in the case, not only from the Purple Spots, but also because they have observed that the Symptoms of the Fever have been sometimes milder than may seem to agreed with the Nature of it, and yet that the Patient was more weakened than could be expected in the time he has been ill: I answer, that all these things proceed only from hence, viz. for that Nature being as it were oppressed and conquered by the first assault of the Disease, is not able to raise regular Symptoms, and such as are agreeable to the greatness of the Disease, but all the Phaenomena are wholly irregular; for the Animal Economy being disturbed, and as it were dejected, the Fever on that account is depressed, which according to the genuine course of Nature used to be high. Of which, I remember, I saw a notable experiment many years ago, in a young Man to whom I was called; for though he seemed almost dying, yet the heat in the external parts of the Body felt so temperate upon touching, that the standers by would not believe me when I affirmed that he had a Fever, which by reason of the oppression of the Blood (by whose bulk it was kept in and as it were choked) could not extricate and show itself openly: but that if they let him Blood they should presently perceive the Fever high enough, a Vein being opened and a pretty deal of Blood taken away, the Fever broke out, which was as violent as I ever saw any, and did not go of till bleeding had been used three or four times.  
But if the A rguments I have brought are not so considerable as to prove the thing certainly to be, as I say, yet if I found by experience that this Fever does not go of easily by Evacuations, made by Sweat, I have what I seek for: For no Man can tell by arguing, but by experience, what kind of Fever can and aught to be Cured by Sweats, and what by other Evacuations. And truly no wise Man, who has sufficiently weighed the nature of Men and things, can implicitly believe the Opinion of any Man, how great soever he be, concerning those things that are mere Speculations, and can't be determined by any certain Experiment; for he aught to consider that the moments of reason are so very various and subtle, that when any one has proposed a Speculation, so established by firm Reasons, that he forces the assent of all that are near him; presently another succeeds him, endowed perchance with better Parts, who confutes that Opinion which was so fairly settled, and clearly proves by a stronger force of Argument, that that was nothing but a fiction of the Brain, for as much as not the lest Footsteps of it are to be found in Nature; and in the room of it substitutes a certain new Hypothesis more probable than the former and more neatly contrived, yet this latter Fiction undergoes the same fate with the former, when some third person opposes, who as much exceeds the second in Ingenuity as he did the first; and so there will be no end till at length we come to him that is arrived at the top of human Ingenuity; and how difficult it is to found this Man, and to know him from others, any one will presently perceive who is not so very mad as to arrogate this praise to himself. For as we may conjecture that there are almost infinite Natures in the illustrious Orbs, here and there scattered throug the Firmament of the Universe, endowed with far more excellent Intellects than weak Man; so we don't certainly know whether mankind's Brain, the Shop of the Thoughts, be not so formed by Nature, that they can't found so well what is absolutely true, as what is most convenient and suitable to their Natures. And so much may suffice to be spoken to those, who in Physic trust more to vain Speculations than to Experience, built upon the solid testimony of the Senses.  
But if any one should here object, and say, don't we see de facto that this Fever is very often Cured by a method quite contrary to this you deliver? I Answer, That the Cure of the Disease, which only the recovery of a Patient now and than witnesses for, wholly differs from the Cure of the same, by that Method of Practice which is confirmed by more frequent recoveries of the Sick, and all other Practical Phanomena that hap in the Cure of it. For instance in the Small Pox, many who have been tormented with the cruel use of a hot Regimen, and Medicines have yet recovered; and on the contrary they have done very well, whose Cure has been performed by a Method quite contrary. Now how shall we end this strife, which Method is to be preferred? Why truly by this means we shall certainly judge: namely, if I have found in the former Method, that the more I have heated the Patient, the more I have raised and promoted the Fever, restlessness, the Delirium, and other Symptoms: and on the contrary, if it appears, that when he has been moderately cooled, his temperament is so much the more Sedate, and he is the lesle vexed with the Fever and other Symptoms. Moreover that by keeping that due temper of the Muscular parts, which best suits with the increase and maturation of the Pistules, they are bigger and more filled than if the Patient were suffocated with too much heat. The case being thus put, I suppose 'tis manifest enough which Method of Practice we aught rather to follow. In like manner if I found in the Fever I now Treat of, that the more the Patient is heated, the more he is inclined not only to a Frenzy, Purple Spots, Petechiae and the like; but that 'tis moreover on that account encompassed with irregular and anomalous Symptoms of all sorts; and on the other Hand, if I observe another Patient treated by the Method we now propose, wholly freed from these Symptoms, Reason dictates that the latter Method of Practice, is much to be preferred before the other, though both Patients recover by such different means; but if more escape Death by this way than the other, the intricasie of the Controversy is so much the easier found out; but I must not judge of this, jest I should favour too much my own Opinion.     


The CONTENTS of the Second Part.  
CHAP. I A Continual Epidemic Fever, of a new kind, began to rage's together with other Inflammatory Diseases, Page 1, 2. It's Diagnostic signs, ibid. The Looseness which; as we said, was Cured in the former Fever by a Vomit was highthened by the same in this, ibid. The Plague raged violently, the various seasons of it, ibid.  
CHAP. II. The Symptoms of some Fevers which are Vulgarly accounted Malignant, are not so in their own Natures, but proceed from the ill management of the Cure, page 3. A Fever truly Malignant is of the same species of the Plague and only differs in degree, ib. The small Pox and the Plague show that Epidemic Diseases proceed from the various Crasis of the Air, p. 3. 4. But what that is we know not, ib. The Plague seldom happens in England oftener than once in about forty years, ibid. Fevers that rage's a year or two after a dreadful Plague are Pestilential, and require the same Method of Cure, ibid. Besides the disposition of the Air there is required a Foams of the Venom to occasion the Plague, transmitted either mediately or immediately from some Plaguy Body, p. 4. & 5. 'Tis propagated by the infected Air, ib. When it's Epidemical it gins between Spring and Summer, ibid. And seldom at any other time, the the disposition of the Air be Pestilential, yet it 'tis not sufficient of itself to 'cause the Plague, p. 6. neither will the Plague be Epidemical unless there be a suitable disposition of the Air, ibid. The manner of its invasion is described, ibid. Sudden Death seldom happens unless at the beginning of a sweeping Plague, p. 7. They that have tumors without a Fever or any great Symptom have no need of a Method of Cure, ibid. The Essence of Diseases, even as of Animals and Vegetables is altogether unknown to us, ibid. The Cure of most Diseases is not accomplished by the knowledge of their Causes, but by a Method approved by experience, pag. 8. The Plague is a Fever of its own kind taking its rise from an Inflammation of the Spiritous particles of the Blood, ibid. Pestilential Fevers proceed from a more remiss Inflammation, p. 9 An Erisipilas is like the Plague, ibid. That the Plague arises from an Inflammation may be proved by many arguments, p. 10. Alexipharmacs and other hot Medicines do only good by accident (viz.) as they are Diaphoretics, p. 11. It's probable that Wine drank too freely, and hot Antidotes have brought the Plague upon many, ibid. In the Cure of the Plague we either succour Nature by following her conduct, or by substituting another more safe that is contrary to here's, p. 12. Alexipharmac's in this and other Diseases seem to do good, rather by causing some Evacuation than by any specific virtue, ibid. The Plague according to Nature's custom seems chief to be carried of by Abcesses in the Emunctories, a Pestilential Fever by Sweat, p. 13. Therefore there must be a different Method in these Diseases, ibid. Sweats raised in the Plague are sometimes deadly, p. 14. They often hinder the Irruption of the Bubo by dissipating the matter otherwhere, ibid. The Physician is obliged to follow Nature's guidance in other Diseases, but to renounce it in the Plague, p. 15. It seems the Plague must be conquered either by Bleeding or Sweated, ibid. Large Bleeding repeated was never mortal to any before the Tumour broke out, p. 16. The reason why sparing Phlebotomy, or when the Tumour's out should be always hurtful, ibid. That Bleeding is safer than all other Remedies in the Plague, is clearly proved by Botallus in a multitude of instances, p. 17. This is confirmed by a wondered Observation amongst us, p. 18. For what reason the Dissipation of the Pestilential ferment by Sweat, is to be preferred before Bleeding, p. 19 What difficulties 'tis accompanied with, ibid. Plaguy Tokens seem to arise from a Dissolution of the Sanguineous Fibres not unlike stripes inflicted by a violent blow, ibid. Sweated being broke of too soon, either the Buboes coming out go back or never attain to legitimate abcesses, pag. 20. Continual Fevers about the end of Spring and the beginning of Summer, readily turn either to Agues or Pleurisies, or other Diseases of the Inflammatory kind, p. 21. For what reason the Author was forced to contrive another Method for this new Fever different from that which hitherto he had used with good success, p. 23. The Author Cured the Pestilential Fever by Bleeding repeated, ibid. Blood is to be taken away in a sufficient quantity or not at all, p. 24. What Method the Author substituted in the room of the former, p. 25. Bleeding before Sweeting expedites it and makes it more safe, ibid. The covering of the head conduces much to the raising of Sweat, ibid. As soon as the rays of the Morbific matter tend towards the surface of the Body, the Looseness and Vomiting occasioned by them stop of their own accord, p. 26. The Sweat must be continued by the space of a Natural day, ibid. You must take great care the Patient be not cleansed nor that the Shirt be changed till twenty four hours after the end of the Sweat, p. 26. 27. If the Sweat is broke of too soon, the fury of the Symptoms will presently return, ibid. Diemerbrookes' objection against long Sweats is answered, ibid. It's mad appear that the Patient is not weakened, but rather strengthened thereby, ibid. When the Sweat is at height the Patient may be refreshed with comfortable Broths, p. 28. A Purge must be given the next day, ibid. The wondered success of this Method in the Pestilential Fever, ibid. The Author did not dare to Bleed when the Tumour was out, ibid. By what means it seems it may be safely tried, p. 29.   

The CONTENTS of the Third Part.  
CHAP. I THE Febrile commotion of the Blood is intended for the Secretion of some Heterogeneous matter, or for changing the disposition of the Blood, Page 31. In both cases 'tis chief indicated, that the Blood be contained within the bounds that are agreeable to Nature's purposs, p. 34. To whom Bleeding is hurtful, ib. For whom 'tis useful, p. 35. Who aught to take a Vomit, who aught not, ibid. If it be omitted when 'tis indicated a Looseness follows, p. 36. But not always in Malignant Fevers, ibid. Why this Looseness is so dangerous, ibid. 'Tis presently stopped by a Vomit not by Astringent Medicines, p. 36. 37. Antimonial Vomits are dangerous unless they are well washed of, ibid. Where Bleeding and Vomiting are both required, Bleeding is to precede, ibid. After the Vomit an Anodine must be given at bed time, p. 39 'Tis not safe to give a Vomit of Crocus Metallorum to any under fourteen, p. 40. The heat of the Blood is sometimes to be bridled by Bleeding, sometimes by Clysters injected every other day, p. 41. For whom Cordials are proper, and at what time of the Disease, p. 43. 44. Cooling Medicines given after the fourteenth day do hurt, ibid. Moderate Cordials are to be given at the beginning, and hotter according to the progress of the Disease, p. 45. Forms of Cordials, p. 46. Purging Potion is to be given on the fifteenth day, p. 48. The omission of Purging after Autumnal Diseases has occasioned many others, ibid. Sometimes the Purge is to be put of till the seventeenth day, p. 49. The Diet and Regimen of those that are recovering, ibid. Old Malago or the like is proper for old People at the end of the Disease, to Expectorate the viscous Phlegm, p. 50. Cooling Medicines and Clysters given too late, especially in old People, retard the Despumation of the Morbific matters, p. 51. How a Frenzy and Watch are to be managed, p. 53. Anodynes are not proper when the Fever is at height, but are used successfully at the latter end of the Disease, ibid. If it can be, the Patient should be purged before he use the Anodyne, p. 55. Oil of Almonds is best in the Cough, p. 56. An Haemorrhage of the Nose is sometimes to be permitted, p. 58. The Patient must be Purged after an immoderate Haemorrhage, ibid. A large dose of Diascordium is better for stopping the Hickocks than any Specific whatever, p. 59 If a Looseness come, though a Vomit has been given, an astringent Clyster must be injected, ibid. The cause of the Iliac passion, p. 62. The use of Quicksilver and Bullets do little good in the Iliac Passion, and often hurt, p. 63. The Cure of it, ibid.  
CHAP. II. The new Fever began in February, 84/5. 'twas more Epidemic in other places than in London, page 66. 67. The Symptoms of this Fever, ibid. The Inclination in this Fever to a Frenzy is very great, p. 68 Petechiae very often break out by reason of the unseasonable use of Cordials and too hot a Regimen, ibid. Sweated forced by art at the beginning of the Disease used to put of the Morbific matter either on the Head or Limbs, p. 69. The Method of Cure, p. 70, 71, 72, 73. Spirit of Vitriol is not proper in any Diseases that are Cured by Purging, ibid. The gentle heat of the bed a nights opportunely savours such Sweats as flow of their own accord in the night, p. 74. The Diet, ibid. 'Tis not necessary to forbidden the eating of Chickens and the like of easy Concoction after the taking of two Purges, p. 74, 75. Three or four spoonfuls of Canary Wine may be taken night and morning, and after dinner for some days after the last Purge if the Fever has a little spent itself and is not yet turned to an Ague, ibid. The Patient must lie a bed only a nights, ibid. Of the Coma that comes upon this Fever, p. 76. If there be Convulsive motions of the Body the Physician must not be deterred from making the 'foresaid evacuations, p. 77. Of the Convulsion called Chorea Sancti Viti, ibid. The Cure of it, p. 78. How Hysterical Women that have this Fever are to be treated, p. 80. This Fever had an Exacerbation daily about night, not much unlike the fit of an Ague, p. 81. The Fever lurked under the form of the Gripes, p. 82. The Method of Cure in this case, ibid. Mineral Waters are not proper in any Disease that takes its rise from a Fever, p. 83. How the Patient must be managed if the Gripes turn to a Dysentery, p. 83, 84. How the Patient is to be managed when the Gripes turn to an Iliac Passion, p. 85, 86, 87. The Cure of the Aphthaes, ibid. How Infants are to be managed in this Fever, ibid. The Cure of the Fever arising from breeding of Teeth, p. 88, 89. Of the Cure of the Hectic peculiar to Children, ibid. The slight Symptoms that remain after the Disease is gone of will be Cured by time, p. 90.   
FINIS.