THE SECOND PART OF THE GARDEN of EDEN.  
OR An accurate Description of all Flowers and Fruits growing in ENGLAND; WITH Partuicular Rules how to advance their Nature and Growth, as well in Seeds and Herbs, as the secret ordering of Trees and Plants.  
By that Learned and great Observer, Sir HUGH PLATE Knight.  
Never before Printed.  
LONDON Printed for William Leak, at the Crown in Fleetstreet betwixt the two Temple-Gates. 1660.   

TO THE READER.  
IT were very vain to commend the First Part of the GARDEN OF EDEN which hath been so often welcomed into the world in so short a time; for (without foolish Apologies, which are but officious lies) we can assure you it hath had four Impressions in less than six years. The benefit it brings is as well known to the Country as to the London Stationer. Only let me inform you, That a Second Part (never before Printed) full as large as the First, is here presented you; and (if possibly upon reading you could doubt its integrity) you may at pleasure see the original Manuscript under the Authors own hand, which is too well known to undergo the suspicion of a counterfeit. Therefore if heretofore the First Part of the GARDEN OF EDEN were a useful Book, this is now much more, when the GARDEN is enlarged, and far better stored. You will soon find if truth be not now told you.   

AN Alphabetical TABLE TO THE BOOK.  



ALmond trees to forward. p. 42  
Apples, Pears, Cherries, Grapes, to grow great. 112  
Apples, Pears, Plums, Grapes etc. how to make dry as they grow. page 151  
Apricocks to make prosper well. 154  
Arbour an Artificial one. 46  
Artificial Dogs, Lions, Foul, Fishes, etc. 46  
Artichokes to grow great. 53  
Artichokes a second crop the same year. 71  
Artichokes how to makes the leaves, stalks, and roots good food for the table. 113    
B. 

BEans steeped in oil. 21  
Beans and Pease cut down betimes. 25  
Beans a second crop the same year. 48  
Beans and Pease salt will forward. 72  
Beans and Pease forwarded. 108  
Branches or arms of trees how to make them root. 123  
Broom and Fern to destroy. 109, 112    
C. 

CAnvas Tent for Dwarf-trees. 5  
Canvas Walls. ibid.  
Carnations, Gillyflowers, Pinks, etc. how to graft upon a root of Carnations. 136  
Caterpillars how to destroy. 151  
Cherries kept backward by a Tent 22  
Cherries early. 52  
Cherry-trees, whether horn will forward. 75  
Clay ground how to make fruitful. 156  
Cions or young trees to make to grow full of squares and losanges. 125  
Cions new graffed, the best manner of binding or closing. 127  
Cions how to make the best choice. 119  
Colleflower hindered in the blowing. 72  
Corn ground enriched with salt. 78    
D. 

DWarf-trees more fortunate in bearing than others. 6  
Dwarf-trees the manner how to water them. 7  
Dwarf-trees tenderly kept, a caveat for. 12  
Dwarf-trees, watering them in a Stove. 13  
Dwarf-trees, pots for. 31  
Dwarf-trees, tubs for. 32  
Dwarf-trees or flowers to backward. 36  
Dwarf-trees to preserve fruit on 73  
Dwarf-trees, the fashion of your stove for. 38    
E. 

EArth compounded for Parcely. 20  
Earth compounded for Carnation 22  
Earthen pans to place your pots in. 35    
F. 

FLowers and fruit to keep backward. 51  
Flowers and herbs kept by covering them as they grow. 24  
Flowers & dwarf-trees, how they may be forced to grow in pots or wooden vessels. 89, 90  
Flowers to make double, as also to enlarge either fruit or flowers, and to make young trees prosper well. 115  
Flowers kept from cleaving. 89  
Frosts in May to prevent. 4  
Fructifying waters for seeds. 73  
Fruit early without the help of Brickwals. 4  
Fruit & flowers backwarded several ways. 24  
Fruit kept backward. 26  
Fruit forwarded by a tent. 40  
Fruits, horn into jelly will forward. 76  
Fruit when to gather. 78  
Fruits late. 74  
Fruit how to bring into any shape, or to grow in moulds. 126  
Fruitfulness every second year of Pears, Apples, Plums, proved. 88  
Fruit-trees how to dwarf, so as your Orchard shall bear the first year. 138    
G. 

GArden pease or French-beans, to grow without help of stick or poles. 107  
Gillyflowers, Pinks, Strawberries to backward. 128  
Gillyflower or Carnation root, how to increase the bearing exceedingly. 137  
Graffing time in respect of Cion and stock. 96  
Grapes nipping. 15  
Grapes growing late and kept long. 54  
Grapes, to have several growing upon one branch, and so also Roses, Gillyflowers, etc. 147  
Grapes, how to keep upon the Vine till January, and so of other fruit and flowers to keep backward. 149  
Grapes watering. 157  
Ground prepared for dwarf-trees. 6  
Ground arched for dwarf-trees. 23  
Ground enriched. 157  
Gunpowder, Salt peter, and Salt to forward Plants. 21    
H. 

HOw to sow in the wain, or increase of the Moon, the weather being unseasonable. 105  
Honeysuckle, Jessamie double, how to multiply 142  
How to graft in a dead trunk, or stock of a willowtree. 144  
Hyssop and Time high borders speedily. 44    
I 

IMplastering, inoculating or graffing in the bud. 98  
Iron backs to your pots. 48    
L. 

LEmon-tree to bear fruit. 3  
Lemon, Orange, Pomgranate-tree. 74  
Lo●, or proin, when. p. 75    
M. 

MOunt Pyramids. 45  
Musmellons, Cucumbers, Pompions, Gooseberries, how to have great and large. 111  
Musmellons and Pompions, etc. observations in removing. 135  
Musmellon, Cucumber, Pompeon, the planting and ordering. 79    
N. 

NIpping the first blossoms. 41  
Nourishing liquor, rich mould. 4  
Nourishing water. 34    
O. 

OLive and Orange tree to bear fruit. 3  
Onions young all the year. 68  
Orange, Lemon, and Almond-trees forwarded. 43  
Orchards, the bigness. 8  
Orchards, the height of the walls. 9  
Orchards speedily to make. 53  
Orchards, to flourish and bear store of fruit. p. 91  
Orchard or tree how to defend from the frosts of April or May, whereby the blossoms may knit without danger. 116  
Orchard how to have to bear speedily. 121  
Ordering pots. 30    
P. 

PArseley to grow speedily. 20  
Peach-tree to make to bring forth Pomgranats. 146  
Peach-trees forwarded. 76  
Peach-stone to have no kernel. 146  
Pease and other seeds steeped in several liquors before the sowing. 20  
Pease forwarded with horn. 76  
Plants young, covered with a vail in the night. 77  
Plums kept from cleaving. 89  
pomegranate tree to bear fruit. 3  
Pompions, Musmellons, Strawberries, and Artichokes to make them prosper and grow great. 152  
Poses and Emblems of Checker-work. 45    
R. 

RAdishes young all the year. 68  
Refreshing pots with new mould. 36  
Rich earth for pots. 70  
Roots of young plants well watered, 77  
Rooting of seeds within door before they be sowed abroad, 16  
Rosemary to make prosper exceedingly, 155  
Roses late. 26  
Roses early. 51  
Roses growing at Christmas. 69  
Roses a practice upon. 75  
Rosetrees, horn will forward. 76    
S. 

SAge, to have great store speedily. 147  
Salt and earth putrified together to forward plants. 22  
Salt mould for your pots. 35  
Seacoal-ashes to kill worms and weeds. 23  
Seed when to sow in respect of the Moon. 72  
Seeds to grow the better, outlandish or English. 129  
Several waters for plants. 49  
Shave of horn steeped in water for plants. 75  
Sides of Borders in works. 45  
Soil for outlandish plants. 42  
Soap-ashes used often to forward Pease, fruit, etc. 23  
Sow when, that you would have to seed. 44  
Stockgilliflowers double or single how to increase. 148  
Stove to keep Dwarf-trees in. 9  
Stove kept with small charge. 10  
Stove for all vegetables good cheap; 17  
Strawberries to grow great. 53  
Sunbeams on Trees how to multiply. 2    
T. 

TRees against Brickwalls. 1  
Trees wrapped about with hay. 3  
Trees when to place in a stove. 10  
Trees cropping. 78  
Trees and hedges kept backward by the ignorance of the Planter. p. 124  
Trees when to proin them. 77  
Trees to transplant, to know the just time. 120  
Trees of Time, Hyssop, Lavender, Rosemary, etc. how to have. 148  
Trees to help, whose stock or fruit beginneth to rot. 146  
Trees to make flourish wonderfully. 156    
V. 

Vine's to bear early. 14  
Vines cut to bear quickly. 40  
Vine how to stay bleeding. 110  
Vineyards hue to have, bear grapes the first year. 142  
Violets or Strawberries covered with sand or pots. 27  
Voiding of frosts in May. 37    
W. 

WAlks of green trees in winter. 47  
Watering by a List. 34  
Weeds, Worms, Rushes, to destroy, etc. a● also to enrich ground. 108  
Weeding of Woad saved. ibid.  
Wine, Aquavitae, Wine-Lees water with. 21  
Wines good of English grapes. 56  
Worms prevented. 29      

The Second Part OF THE Garden of EDEN. Divers conceited Experiments in Trees, Plants, Flowers, Herbs, and Fruits.  

Num. 1.  
Fruit and Flowers to come early, and before others, or late and after others, or to have them growing all the year.  
Sect. 1.  
SIR Francis Walsingham caused divers Apricock Trees to be planted against a south Wall, 
Planting of Trees against brick walls.  and their Branches to be born up also against the wall according to the manner of Vines, whereby his Plumbs did ripen three or four weeks before any other that grew at large in any Orchard, and had not the benefit of the Sun's reflection. Hereupon I do infer, 
How to multiply the Sunbeams upon Trees.  That if every Tree were planted in a several Tabernacle, or such Concave as were aptest for the receiving and reflecting of the Sunbeams upon the Fruit; and the same also either lined with Lead or Tin plates, or garnished with glasses of steel or crystalline, that by such means, peradventure, the reflection might be multiplied, to the greater forwarding of the Fruit, especially the Trees being Dwarf-trees, whereby the Sun might reflect both from the sides and from the ground, unto the uppermost branch or bough of the Tree: 
Olive, pomegranate, Orange and Lemond trees to bear fruit.  And by these helps the Olive, pomegranate, Orange and Lemond trees, and such like, might happily bear their Fruit in our cold Climate. Quaere, 
Sol and Vulcan meeting together in the walls  if these walls did stand so conveniently, as they might also be continually warmed with the Kitchen fires, as serving for Backs unto your Chimneys, if so they should not likewise find some little furtherance in their ripening.  
2. Quaere also, 
Trees wrapped about with Hay.  If wrapping of ropes of Hay about the bodies of the Trees to defend them from the winds, and other cold that happeneth most in the night season.  

Nourishing Liquor, rich Mould.  3. Water these Trees with nourishing and feeding Liquors, and give a new supply now and then of richer Mould unto them; and if you will prevent the dangers of the frost, which they are subject unto in their blossom; 
To prevent the frosts in May.  then lay open the roots for a time, that the sap may not rise too fast; or if your Orchard consist of Dwarf-trees, growing in great pots of stone, or vessels of wood, you may remove them from time to time as you see cause, and so preserve them from all injury of the weather.  

Early fruit without the help of Brick walls.  4. And lest I should leave all other men destitute of early Fruit, whose ability will not serve to compass their Orchards with Brick-walls (which would prove an excessive charge) my advice is, that their Orchard should consist wholly of Dwarf trees, over which, being close compact together, they may spread a canvas tent removable at pleasure, 
Canvas tent.  or defending only the North, East, and North-east winds from them with canvas walls; 
Canvas Walls.  which canvas they may hire of the Upholsters after the rate of one penny the ell for many months together; for notwithstanding this employment it serveth the Painters turn sufficiently. Neither ought this course seem very chargeable unto us, if we do either consider the infinite number of Trees that a small square will receive, if they be closely packed together; or if we do estimate the profit that will arise of such forward fruit, which will easily countervail the hire of our canvas. And yet for our better encouragement herein, I have heard that also noted of our best experienced Practisers this way, 
Dwarf trees more fortunate ●hen others.  That these kind of Dwarf-trees are commonly more fortunate in their bearing, than our ordinary trees, whose bodies are greater, and carry their heads so high into the weather; and it shall not be amiss, notwithstanding these walls or covers, 
Preparing of the ground for Dwarf-trees.  to place these Dwarf-trees (especially if they grow in vessels removable) either upon Pavement of Freestone or Brick, or upon a platform of Gravel, whereby the Sun may reflect the stronger upon them, always provided that you have also care to keep them sufficiently moist, and from being withered or parched with the heat, 
The manner how to water them.  (which you may easily prevent in the time of dry weather) by watering them continually by way of filtration out of apt vessels placed for the purpose. And though your trees be fixed and growing in the ground, yet it shall not be amiss to have a flore of hard gravel round about them to help the reflection of the Sun, so as you have care either to leave sufficient store of earth about the body of every Tree, and the same earth to be laid in the form of a concave receptive to receive such rain water as falleth, and to convey that unto the root; or else if you will cover the whole face of the ground with gravel, you must then at the foot of every tree thrust in a pipe of stone (for which purpose, and to avoid charge, the neck of these stone bodies wherein the Goldfiners do use to draw their strong water, will serve very aptly) which must receive a continual watering per laneam linguam, as before, 
The bigness of these Orchards.  to keep them moist: And here (if it were not for charge) I could wish all these Orchards that are replenished with Dwarf-trees, to consist of small squares, so as they might be ten or twelve yards every way in length and breadth, and no more; 
The height of the walls of this Orchard.  about which squares I would also erect the cheapest wall that could be devised, which should not exceed three or four foot in height; the use whereof is so manifest, as that I shall not need to publish the same in any plainer terms. 
A Stove to keep dwarf trees in.  But if to have early Fruit, we do neither regard labour nor charge, then let us build a square and close room, having many degrees of shelves, one above another, in which we may aptly place so many of these Dwarf-trees as we shall think good; in time of cold weather, we may keep the same warm in nature of a Stove, with a small fire being made in such Furnaces, and in such manner as I will at all times be ready to show to such as are willing to make any use thereof; and if the weather be fair and open, and that the room be made full of windows or open sides, we may for such time use the benefit of the Sunshine, or carry them abroad at our pleasure; and for the forwarding of your Fruits, 
When to place the Trees in a Stove.  you shall not need to begin this practice till the sap begin to rise, and then but for a few months only, except in the night time, when we shall fear any frosty or other nipping weather. 
A Stove kept with small charge.  There be divers persons whom this secret doth fit very well, and may perform the same without expense of money, amongst which number are all such as are forced in respect of their trade to keep any great or continual fires, as Brewers, Dyer's, Soap-boilers, Refiners of Sugar, and the owners of Glass-houses, and such like, who may easily convey the heat or steam of their fires (which is now utterly lost) into some private room adjoining, wherein they may bestow their Fruit trees to their greater pleasure & contentment. 
Winter Parlours made Orchards.  Neither do I think it an unseemly sight to have some dozen or twenty of these Dwarf-trees ranked in good order upon high shelves in our winter-Parlors, where we may also make a second use of our chargeable fires. Yet this caveat let me give by the way (which I learned by the experience of my friend who in one frosty night, 
A caveat for dwarf trees that have been tenderly kept.  by the negligence of his Servant, lost 20 of the fairest Carnation Pots that I have seen, being all of them very full of Buds, and many of them blown out in the dead of winter, and all this happened by leaving them only one frosty night abroad) that when we have made our Dwarf-trees thus tender, by defending them from all cold and hard weather, by a close and warm Stove, that we must be very careful, that if (to take the advantage of a shower of rain, or some other fair and sunny weather, we happen to carry them abroad) that about the Sunset, or rather somewhat before, we convey them again to their place of refuge, and some think it necessary to expose them to the air only in rainy and temperate days, and rather to lose the rain, then to set them abroad in a cold day. I hope I shall not here need to give any advice for the necessary watering of these Trees in their convenient time, 
Watering the dwarf trees in the Stove.  because there is no man so ignorant, but that he knoweth that all Vegetables do receive both their life and nourishment from heat and moisture; only they may make their choice (if they please) of these several manners, and likewise of some of these compound liquors as are elsewhere in this Discourse handled more at large, whereby to water them in a more fructifying manner than any of our ordinary means doth afford, set your pots in pans of water that hath been before exposed to the Sun.  

Vines to bear early.  5. The blood of beasts tempered with some lime and earth (for without lime the blood engendereth great store of worms) is most excellent to lay at the roots of Vines to hasten the ripening of the Grapes: 
Several earths or moulds.  Quaere, if the same be not good for all other Trees and Plants to that end. I have also both heard and read of Pigeons dung greatly commended for the forwarding of Fruit-trees. Quaere, the ashes of Beans stalks or Vines, or of salt alone, or salt and earth first putrified together, of Soap-ashes, & all those sundry sorts of Soil more plentifully displayed in my Discourse upon the vegetable Salt, if any of these being applied in due proportion, and in the true season of the year, will not afford some expedition in this work, and how often it shall be necessary to change and renew your soil in one year, if you mean to have the first Fruit, and before all other. Quaere, 
Lime.  of Lime, and of such earth as is found in hollow Willow trees, and of Fearn first putrified.  
6. 
Nipping off Grapes.  When the Grapes are knit, you must nip off the new sprigs from time to time as they put forth, and thereby (as some think) your Grapes will both grow the greater, and ripen the sooner.  

Rooting of seeds within doors before they be sowed abroad.  7 Mr. Googe in his book of Husbandry commendeth the mingling of stones with earth, and so laid up together in a vessel one year before you plant them, and by this means you may have store of Sets very speedily to make Hedges withal, by planting them in a inner Garden, as he termeth it, Quaere, if Pease, Beans, Pompions, Musk-melons, and all other Pulse and Seeds which we would have to come early, were used in this manner for a season, in some small pots, or other vessels, and filled with rich mould, and watered with the Liquors ante num. 3. being first made blood warm, and the same pots and vessels also placed in a gentle Stove or some other convenient place aptly warmed with the fire, and after in March if it prove warm, or else in the beginning of April, if the same were sown, if so they would not be much forwarded.  
8. 
A Stove for all Vegetables good cheap.  And for the keeping of any Flowers or Plants abroad, as also of these seeds thus sown within doors, or any other Pots of Flowers, or Dwarf-trees in a temperate heat, with small charge, you may perform the same by hanging a cover of Tin or other mettle over the vessel wherein you boil your Beef, or drive your Buck, which having a pipe in the top, and being made in the fashion of a funnel, may be conveyed into what place of your Orchard or Garden you shall think meet; which room, if it were so made, as that at your pleasure it may become either close or open, you may keep it in the nature of a Stove in the night season, or in any other cold weather, and in the Summer time you may use the benefit of the Sunbeams, to comfort and cherish your Plants or Seeds. And this way, if I be not deceived, you may have both Orange, Lemons, Pomegranate trees, yea peradventure Coloqnintida, and Pepper trees, and such like: The sides of this room, if you think good, may be plastered, and the top thereof may be covered with some strained Canvas to take away at your pleasure. Quaere, if it be best to let the pipe of lead to breath out at the end only, or else at divers small vents which may be made in that part of the pipe which passeth alongst the Stove. I fear that this is but a mere conceit, because the steam of water will not extend far; but if the cover to your pot be of metal, and made so close that no air can breathe out saving at the pipe, which is soldered or well closed in some part of the cover, than it seemeth probable, this cover may be put on after the pot is scummed.  
9 Mr. Googe citeth an opinion of some men that hold, 
Pease and other seeds steeped in several liquors before the sowing.  that Pease being laid in water a day or two before they be sown, will grow the sooner. Quaere of Milk, Spirit of wine, or water that hath been long infused upon dung, or waste soap ashes, or common ashes, whose heart and salt hath not been drawn out before; quaere also, whether the waters aforesaid being cold, or bloodwarm do serve best for this purpose; quaere of steeping them in Sack or Malmsey, White wine, aqua composita, etc.  

Parsley to grow speedily.  10. I have been credibly informed, that if you make a lay of powdered lime and ashes, 
Compound earth.  and then a lay of earth and dung, and then a lay of lime, and upon that a lay of good fat mould, and do therein sow your Parsely seeds being first steeped in white wine, 
Wine, Aqua vi●ae, Wine lees, water with  and then water them presently, that so the heat of the lime and dung will force up a wonderful and sudden spring in a few hours: Quaere, if there be any good use of this secret though it should be true; quaere also of watering the said seeds with Aqua vitae, or wine Lees. Fabam referunt novem diebus obrutam oleo, 
Beans steeped in oil.  germinare in duabus horis impositam pani calido. Cardan. de rer. varietate, 878.  
11. 
Gunpowder, Salt-peter, and salt.  Some commend the applying of Gunpowder to the roots of Plants to forward them; quaere of Saltpetre, and quaere of the Salt that the Petermen derive from the Salpeter; quaere of the ashes of every Plant bestowed upon itself. 
Ashes.   

Compound earth.  12. Take one part of Soot and one part Cowdung, and two parts earth; plant the Slips of your Carnations therein after they are well rooted. Quaere of Roses and other plants.  

Cherries kept backward by a tent.  13. Sir Francis Carew, as I have heard, did spread a tent over a Cherrytree that was well taken, and before they were grown to any great bigness, and thereby defended them from ripening; now and then also sprinkling water upon the Tent.  

Salt and earth putrified together.  14. Quaere of putrifying of salt and earth together in some apt place, before you apply the same to the roots of your Fruit trees, or Flowers, whether the same will not help your Plants forward?  
15. 
Soap ashes used often to forward Pease; Fruit, etc.  Quaere of strowing Soap-ashes at several times upon Pease, or at the roots of other Fruits or Flowers before they be ripe, what effects will follow; and so of salt, lime, and all other kinds of enriching soil. These ashes are reported to kill worms, 
Seacoal ashes.  weeds and rushes where they are bestrewed. Quaere of the use of Sea-coal-ashes.  
16. 
Arching the ground  Quaere of arching of a small Orchard for Dwarf-trees, and fire placed under the arches in cold weather; quaere also of planting of great store of pieces of glass upon the whole face of the ground to procure a stronger reflection. 
Glasses upon the ground.   

Herbs and flowers kept by covering them as they grow.  17. There were divers dainty fresh salad herbs presented at Christmas, to Sir Cuthbert Bucks Lord Mayor of London by an Italian, which he had only covered in the earth as they grew. Quaere if it be not better to cover them over with sand than with earth, to defend them from putrefaction; quaere how many sorts of Herbs and Flowers may be kept this way. Plus num. 19  

Backwarding of Fruits and Flowers several ways.  18. Cut Roses in the end of April; (quaere if the bud only, or the buds and other shoots must be cut off) when they are full of young buds, and the branches will bud again when all other Roses have done blowing; this I did see experimented in Oxford in July 1585. Cut Roses monthly one under another, and see what effects will follow. I have proved the cutting off of such Gillyflowers stalks as began to spindle, and by that means they put forth their buds much later; quaere in what other Fruits or Flowers this practice may be used; quaere also, if Flowers or other Dwarf-trees may not be hindered from bearing their fruit early, by keeping such pots in shady places, or keeping them within doors for a time, until you would have them to come forward; 
Beans and Pease cut down betimes.  quaere of Beans and Pease cut down in April or May; 
Fruit kept backward.  quaere of twisting the branch of any Tree or Flower, and binding the same so twisted to a stick; quaere of binding a band straight about the branch of any Tree or Flower, or winding of Packthread many folds about the same. And quaere how long such fruit or flowers will hang upon their branches being thus used. Also when you have wreathed a branch of a Cherrytree, or Plum-tree with your hand somewhat hard, then stay it there with two splents, & vide quid fiet. Also prove how little of the bark will serve a branch to convey the sap up to the fruit, and take away all the rest with a knife. 
Late Roses  Roses have been tried to come late by binding the bark hard of the branches whereon they grow.  
19 
Covering of Violets or Strawberries with sand or pots.  Quaere of covering over the Violets that come about Michaelmas with sand, sicut ante num. 17. and so of Strawberries that blow in cold weather; but this covering for Flowers, I think, would be done by whelming of apt earthen pots upon them, which pots may also be covered over with earth or sand if you see cause, for that otherwise you shall deface the Flowers. Quaere of Artichoke roots covered so all the winter to make them more forward in the Spring, and so of the like profitable Plants; quaere if it be not necessary to have earthen covers or caps to fit these pots, which you may take off at your pleasure in warm and rainy, or in sunny weather, and after close them up and cover them again, as before. You may also cover each Dwarf-tree either growing in a pot or standing in the earth with a several cap made of wood according to the bigness or spreading of the branches, by which means you may either keep the fruit long upon the tree, or after they are blossomed in the spring time, defend them from the frosts in May, and so you shall have many times fruits when other men shall fail and want them.  

Pots divided in halves for Flowers.  20. For the forwarding of all the seeds of Pompions, Musk-melons, Cucumber seeds, Artichoke seeds, etc. you may procure divers earthen pots of a reasonable bigness and well gl●zed within to be made either of the fashion of Gillifl wer pots, or round, upright and of an equal bigness, 
Pots without bottoms and steeple-wise.  but let them be made either without bottoms in the fashion of a steeple or else parted into two equal halves, from the uppermost edge even to the centre of the bottom, in the midst of which bottom there may be a hole made of a convenient largeness; 
Prevention of worms.  upon which (lest any worm should enter) lay a thin flat piece of lead full of small holes, through which the water may pass; let the sides of these pots meet so close as that thereby also no worm may enter to by't or gnaw the Seeds; 
Ordering these pots.  these pots you may set abroad in warm and sunny weather, or when there falleth any temperate rain; and at all other times you may either keep them within doors, or place them in your warm Balneo, ante num. 8. and by this means, as I guess, you may have very early and forward Plants, from the which having artificially and workmanly taken the lose sides without loosening the earth from the roots, you may place the Plants with the earth about them, in convenient holes made beforehand for that purpose; or if you set these divided pots into the earth at the first planting of your seeds, then may you cover and uncover them at your own pleasure, which other pots having holes in the tops of them, in the which you may place stone Funnels, whereby to retain the rain that falleth in the night, being first ordered sicut ante num. 19  more fully handled; and when you think that the Plants have rooted deep enough, than you may dig about the sides of your pots, and so gently remove them, leaving the Plants fast growing behind in the earth. 
Pots for Dwarf-trees.  But if your purpose be to plant either Pepper trees, or Coloquintida trees, Orange or Lemon trees, pomegranate trees or Almond trees, or such like, than you may likewise use pots of the same fashion, saving only that they must be made of a far greater receipt, because they are to yield a sufficient nourishment to a greater Plant, and that it will be requisite to have four large and strong ears to every pot; 
Tubs for Dwarf-trees.  although I know that some do rather commend large deep and strong tubs, well pitched or cemented within and without, which may be transported upon great Coulstaves or other carriages. And peradventure it shall not be amiss to have these divided pots without any earthen bottoms, instead whereof you may bind a strong and double oiled paper, 
Bottoms of oiled paper  having a large hole therein, which may be fast tied about the skirts of your pot with Packthread, which paper bottoms may very well decay and rot during the time that each Plant will require for his deep rooting; & if you doubt that the worm will be the rather busy with the paper because of the oil, than it shall not be amiss to make the oil somewhat bitter by a decoction of Wormwood therein, and by this means you may easily draw your pot out of the earth, without loosening the earth at all that cleaveth to the roots of your Plants. 
Holes in the lips of the pots.  I could also wish that each of the aforesaid pots should have some small holes in the lip of every pot, especially if they want ears, that thereby thin plated lead might be fastened by small wires; in which leads, having your Prints for that purpose, 
Leads with letters hanging at the pots.  you may strike two or three such Letters of the A B C as you shall think good, which letters you may always refer to some paper book, wherein you may set down in particular the name of the Seed or Plant, the ordering, the season wherein you set them, and all other circumstances whatsoever, whereby you may learn either to iterate or avoid the like practice the next time. 
Watering by a List.  And it shall not be amiss in a time of drought or dry weather, as also in the first sowing or planting of your Simples, either to water them by a list, as appeareth more fully aunt, num. 4. or else to place every pot in an earthen pan, 
Nourishing waters.  half full of such water as hath been first infused in dung, soap-ashes, etc. and exposed a few days to the Sun before you do use it in this manner; for by this means the earth will draw or suck up sufficient moisture at the holes in the bottom, whereby the root shall be kindly watered. Neither is it amiss, as I think, 
B●rthen pans to place your pots in.  to have shells or pans of earth, wherein to place all your artificial pots, which may receive such rain water as soaketh through at the bottoms of your pots, which water because it containeth the strength or salt of the earth, would be after every great shower returned upon the pots again. 
Salt mould for your pots.  But the first and principal care of all other must be to fill your pot with a fat and rich mould, whereof there is good choice in this small Treatise, which being now and then refreshed with fresh earth at the top and sides by opening the pot, and paring away first of the old earth, 
Refreshing with new mould.  and then filling them up again with new, may peradventure give great furtherance to your desires. And if you would have your dwarf-trees growing in the aforesaid pots kept so backward as that they may bear their fruit after all other Fruit Trees of the same kind, than you may in the beginning of the year give them only the morning Sun, 
Backwarding of your Dwarf-trees or Flowers.  or but one hours' Sun in the morning, and another in the evening, or else you may place them in shady places, till you would have them to come forward; and hereby you may keep your Cherry-trees as backward as you please; 
Avoiding of the frosts in May.  and so likewise if your desire be to avoid the dangerous frosts in May, then must you keep these pots, trees and flowers in some close room from the Sun, thereby to defend them from their early blooming, 
Hiding of the art.  whereby those later frosts being spent before you expose them to the weather, the fruit shall be in no danger at the time of the knitting; and by this practice you may happen to have Cherries upon your Dwarf-trees when the great Cherry-orchard in Kent shall fail. And because every spectator or beholder of these conceited trees may not presently look into the invention hereof, it shall not be amiss to make either so many holes in the ground, or so many brick receptacles as will receive your pots all the Summer time, wherein they may be so closely placed even with the ground, and all the brims of the pot so covered with earth, as that they shall seem to be growing ends in ordinary manner, to the great admiration of all such as shall behold them.  

The fashion of your Stove for the Dwarf-trees.  20. Your Stove or close Orchard may be made to open at all sides saving the North, in the manner of the shop-windows in London, whose board and timber must be well pitched, oiled or greased over with the fat of the powder-beef-pot; but then perhaps it will be offensive to your apparel, because it is over long in drying; the roof also may be divided into four parts, and each part so placed as that it may be drawn up with a pulley, thereby to receive the Sun and Rain when you shall think good; and in cold weather, or in the winter season to be kept warm, according to the manner set down aunt, num. 8. But how to build a house in such form as that the Sun both in the Summer and also in the Winter season may shine therein very plentifully, see the opinion of Cardanus cited in the Collection of secrets, made by Wickerus, p. 591. Quaere of a round Stove turning on a pin like a Windmill, and being full of glass-windows.  

Forwarding of fruit by a tent.  21. A tent spread over a Cherrytree, or any other Fruit-tree, and receiving that vaporous heat, ante num. 8. will help greatly to forward the blossoming and ripening of any fruit, being used in the night time, and in all other sharp and cold weather; all the Art will be herein to have some speedy means of pitching or spreading this tent, and taking the same down again.  

Cutting of Vines to bear quickly.  22. When you plant the cuttings of Vines, choose such of the last years shoots as may have some part of the former years' stock cut off with them, and so you shall have Grapes a year sooner at the least.  
23. Quaere, 
Nipping off the first blossoms.  if the taking away of the first blossoms of Fruits, will force any Fruit-tree to bring forth new blossoms, and thereby to bear fruit a great deal later; post 81.  
24. 
Glasses on your young plants.  When you have first pricked in your seeds into the ground, set over each of them a glass which is broad below, and the bottom broken out, and whose neck is narrow, but leave the mouth open; these glasses defend off the cold air, increase the heat of the sun, and keep the Plants moist; because the water as it ascendeth by the attraction of the sun, so it slippeth down again by the gliding sides of the glass; for I have seen in dry weather, the ground which hath been covered with one of these glasses much blacker and moister than any other earth round about it; this is done to defend a young plant from the nipping cold, and from the parching heat, until it have gotten up to some growth whereby it may defend itself the better, and then you may remove the glass.  

Soil for outlandish plants.  25. Let every outlandish Plant be set in such soil as cometh nearest in kind to that soil wherein it did naturally grow beyond the Seas; or if you can, bring over sufficient of the same earth wherein it grew.  

To forward Almond trees  26. Steep the Almonds with their shells in milk two or three days, then make a trench of good dung of two foot deep, upon which make a lay of fine sifted earth of a hand breadth deep, into which prick your Almonds, then cover them with more sifted earth, and every year remove them, always planting them in the same trenched ground, and so they will grow a yard in height every year, as Sir Edward Denny of Ireland assured me, upon his own trial; these because they are dainty and shady trees, are fit to make stately Walks in Nobleman's Gardens.  
27. 
Orange, Lemon & Almond trees forwarded.  For the forwarding of your seeds of Oranges, lemond's, Almonds, Pomegranates, etc. use the same order as is here set down, for Musk-mellon seeds, and then remove your Plants into pots, which by apt covers you may sufficiently defend from all manner of cold weather, not exposing them to the air, but only in a sunny day.  

When to sow that which you wou d have to seed.  28. Whatsoever you would have to run to seed apace, sow that seed either in three days before, or three days after the full of the Moon; quaere, if the three first days be not the better; and quaere, if the day of the full be not the best of all other.  

High borders of Time, Hyssop, etc. speedily.  29. If you board up earth to the height and breadth of a privy hedge that is of six or seven years' growth with boards that be thick and well seasoned, and bored through full of large and slope holes, or rather being full of long slits; after the earth is well settled, you may plant the top of the border and sides likewise with Hyssop, Time, 
Sides of borders in works.  Lavender, etc. or else you may plant the sides with some contrary Plant to make the one to set off the other the better; This way you may make dainty Borders of Carnations if you keep the sides cut in frets or other works, planting the Carnations on the top of the borders; or if you please, you may cut out square holes like chequer boards, 
Checker-works, Pos●s and Emblems.  or fair Roman Letters in poses, or emblems in the sides of the borders, and so keep them according to the works. By this devise you may also make Mounts, Pyramids &c. 
Mounts, Pyramids.  according to the shape of the case wherein you plant; and it will seem very strange being set of such plants as do ordinarily grow very low and near the ground. 
An artificial tree or arbour.  This way also a man may plant an artificial Tree or Arbour, planting the body and arms of the tree with Herbs or Flowers; and to cover the secret, you may hid the arms and body with the bark of trees or moss; as also Dogs, 
Dogs, Lions, Fowl, Fish, etc. artificial.  Lions, Bulls, Men, Fishes, Fowle, etc. having hollow moulds for the same, either of stone or wood well pitched within and without: There may be also pipes of lead conveyed through the bodies of such forms, which must be stopped at the ends, and have divers little holes in them, whereby water may be conveyed with a Funnel into the pipe, unto every part of the earth.  
30. 
Walks of green trees in winter.  If it be possible any way without fire or great charge, to have green Okes, Elms, or other Trees at Christmas, than I hold this for one of the likeliest, To graft in the bud or otherwise any of the aforesaid Trees upon the Bay or Holly-tree which seem to have strong and hot sap by their greenness in winter time. If this prove, you may graft and imp in the bud all sorts of Fruit-trees upon the aforesaid stock, whereby you may have most comfortable and dainty Walks in your Orchard or Garden. Mr. Maskalls Book of the art of grafting, fol. 56. Some commend the planting of Fir-trees in Walks, for this purpose.  

Iron backs to your pots.  31. Quaere if it be not good in the Summer and Spring time to place concave backs of iron or tin plates in every pot wherein you have planted either Dwarf-trees or Flowers, and so to remove your pots from time to time as they may best receive the reflection of the Sun, whereby to ripen them the sooner; use the like against your clusters of Grapes. Quaere if it be not good to plant Vines in moist grounds in respect of this secret.  

A second crop of the same beans  32. If you cut down Beans as soon as they have done bearing, and that the year prove a dripping year, you may have a second crop growing from the same stalk that will come late; this I have proved in my Garden in St. Martins-lane. Quaere of Pease, otherwise you must water them presently upon the cutting down, and now and then after, as the weather shall give occasion.  
33. 
Several waters.  I think of all waters that are not infused, rain water to be the best of all other to water your delicate plants with; but if for want thereof you shall be forced to water them with common water, yet let the same stand in a great stone or wooden vessel three or four days in the Sun, before you water therewith; but for the better forwarding of your Fruit and Flowers, you may prove brackish water, viz. such as cometh near in proportion of saltness to the Sea-water, which is one part salt to twenty parts of water, or much thereabouts; but this may not be used often for burning of your plants; or rather you may try water infused upon common ashes, or sopeashes, and all manner of dung, or wherein there hath been store of Hay, Litter or some other Herbs infused; you may also prove Wine, Milk, Wine-Lees, Strong-Beer, and Aqua composita, if they be not too chargeable. Quaere of Sopesuds and powder Beef broth; quaere if it be not better also to water your plants with the said water or liquors being made first blood warm, plus post. 35. Quaere of the strength or heart of much earth, extracted by common water, or rain water, and then evaporated to a small quantity, wherewith you may water your plants to make them increase exceedingly.  
34. 
Backwarding of Fruits and Flowers.  Quaere of grafting Cherry-trees upon Appletrees or Pear-trees, and so generally of all Flowers and Fruit that may be grafted, if being grafted upon such kind as be late and backward in bearing, if so the same will not bear their fruit much later.  
35. 
Roses early.  About three weeks or a month before their usual time of bearing, water your Roses morning and evening only with warm water, and by this means a Cambridge man had Roses yearly some twenty four days before others; quaere of this practice in all other Flowers, especially the water being first prepared ut supra, num. 33.  

Early Cherries.  36. A Frenchman did greatly commend unto me the applying of unfleakt lime to the roots of Cherry-trees being first made bare in a convenient time of the year, (quaere if it be not better to sleak it first with water) and this for the forwarding of them in their bearing. Quaere if one part lime and one part earth, or one part lime and one part hors-dung. This practice destroyeth the Tree in a few years, but that loss is supplied with the advantage in the price of such early fruit. Quaere of Sopeashes laid at their roots.  
37. 
Artichoke and Strawberries to grow great  Lay sheep's dung in soak in water for a convenient time, and water your Artichokes therewith, and it will make them very great: So likewise will the water wherein dung hath been steeped make Strawberries very large and great; An ancient Citizen in London did use in the winter time to burn the earth from the roots of his Artichokes, and instead thereof to lay in some of his waste Sopeashes, and he found the same to forward them greatly.  
38. 
A speedy Orchard.  Slope your Stock upward, and slope your Cions downward, and join back to back, bind them together as Colliers do their whips, and close the joints with tempered Loam and Moss, or rather with wax, ut postea. 110. This is called the Whipstock grafting, and you may in this manner graft a whole bow of a Tree to have an Orchard that shall bear fruit speedily.  

Grapes growing late and kept long.  39 Put the bunches of Grapes after they are knit into great and apt glasses, having two mouths, holes or little pipes, the one just opposite to the other, viz. the one upward, the other downward, whereby both the water and the sun may have issue: And when you fear the frosts you may stop up the ends closely, and by this means you may happen to have Grapes growing upon the Vines at Christmas; or else when the Grapes are ripe, if you cut off a long branch of the Vine which hath one, two, or three clusters of Grapes upon it, and at either end of the cutting, if you put a Pomwater, and every three days or six days change your Apples, tying a thread in the midst of the cutting, and so hang the same up in a cool and dry place, they will keep fresh a long time. Some thrust only the stalk whereon the bunch groweth in a sound and lasting Apple, and so hang it up; or else dig a hole in the earth, and lay good store of straw therein, and then Grapes, and then straw again, and over them lay boards, which must be so covered over with sand, as that no air may enter; and by this means, as I am informed by a stranger, they will last a long time, vid. post. 109.  

Good wines of English Grapes.  40. I think it not impertinent here to set down a means how we may of our English Grapes purchase an excellent good Wine; and the rather, for that I find the same to be both probable and possible, both by some antiquities and experiences set down by Mr. Barnaby Googe in his Book of Husbandry, as also by that inevitable argument which he draweth from the same altitude of the Pole wherein we are, and under which there be found beyond the seas most fruitful Vineyards, and which do yield both good and pleasant wines, as about Backrach, Colin, Andernach, and divers other places in Germany, which have (as he affirmeth in his Epistle to the Reader) the self same latitude and disposition of the Heavens that we have, whereby is sufficiently confuted that common, though erroneous received opinion against our Climate, that it should not be hot enough for that Plant; nay he proveth further that the wideness to the South is not altogether the cause of good Wines, as appeareth in that you have about Orleans great store of good and excellent Wine, whereas if you go to Bruges, two days journey farther to the South, you shall find a Wine not worth the drinking. The like is of Paris and Barleduke (as Mr. D. Dale did inform him) the one being southward, with naughty wines; and the other a great way farther to the North, with as good Wines as may be; and thus far Mr. Googe. Mr. Holinshed also, in that his painful and commendable History of England, doth constantly affirm, That this Island hath been greatly replenished with Vineyards, and that it is not to be doubted but that if the same Plants were by continuance of time, and good ordering of them made familiar with our soil, we should have both full and rich wines of our own growing. And here I have just cause to accuse the extreme negligence, and blockish ignorance of our people, who do most unjustly lay their wrongful accusations upon the soil, whereas the greatest, if not the whole fault justly may be removed upon themselves. For whereas neither in Pasture nor arable grounds they look for any great or continual increase without all the due and necessary circumstances of Husbandry be performed to the same; yet in Vines they only expect a plentiful Harvest (or else they condemn the soil) although they bestow no other manuring, proining or ordering of them, but only cut and proin them in the 12 days, and that very careless, & without any due regard or choice had of the branches which should be taken away close to the stock, and which should be cut off between the third and fourth joint, and maintaining as well the waste and sucking roots, as the principal and master roots which ought most chief to be cherished and preserved. But because this matter requireth a large discourse, and for that Mr. Barnaby Googe hath very sufficiently handled this subject already, I will refer you to his labours, by which you may learn both the election of your soil, and the best situation thereof, the planting of your Sets, the proining both of the Stock and Roots, the turning and translation of the ground, the choice of the best and aptest dung for them, with all other necessary circumstances requisite to the Plant, unless peradventure there may be some few observations else to be learned, either at the hands of an experienced French Gardner, or that you shall think good to put in practice some one or other of these few conceited helps for the better forwarding of them in this our cold Climate; only I have thought it necessary for the avoiding of all French and Spanish objections, to set down a new, and yet a most assured and undoubted course how to furnish ourselves with such store of good and perfect wines, as that we shall not need either to be beholding to the Frenchmen our doubtful friends, or to the Spaniards our assured enemies, for this sweet and delicate kind of liquor; always provided that we use some careful means at the first to store ourselves with the right and natural plants of those Vines, whose wine we desire to have; for the bringing over of which plants from beyond the Seas, if we cannot otherwise furnish ourselves of them within our own Continent, we may use that pretty ingenious help for the carrying of our Sets being well covered with earth, and conveyed into close vessels, as Mr. Googe in his aforesaid Book hath in plain terms disclosed. Then supposing all the skilful experience of France to be first showed and performed in our English Vineyard, and that yet notwithstanding there wanteth a sufficient and perfect digestion to bring the Grape to his full ripeness and maturity let us according to the French manner press out their sweet and pleasant juice such as it is, and by sufficient decoction and ebullition bring the one moiety thereof to the fullness of a cute, which being cold, we may well mix with equal proportions of the crude and raw wine, or so proportion the same as it may be most pleasing to our own mouths, leaving them to the weather till they have inseparably united and incorporated themselves together; and this is no strange practice, but only drawn from the Spaniard and the Greek who cutteth both his Malmseys and Muskadines, and for the most part also his Canary Sack both to make them last the longer, and also to be more fuller of wine. Neither are we here to be discouraged at the charge of fire, or the wasting of that faint phlegmatic liquor that must of necessity be used in this work, for that (if every acre of ground will yield 700 gallons of wine, as Cato, Varro, and Colnmella do testify, or as the Vineyards of Seneca did yield with trade a Thousand gallons upon every acre) I think we shall pay ourselves with a higher interest than the Statute of 13 EliZ. will allow. Yet because I will not altogether persevere in Vestigiis patrum, I have thought good to set down another course out of mine own experience, whereby (if we shall be forced to use any outward helps in the default of our Soil or Climate) we may yet by Art supply that unto ourselves, which nature hath denied to perform of herself: Then having first expressed such liquors as our English Vines being well ordered will afford, let us to every gallon thereof add one pound of the best Rasins of the Sun, or Malaghie Rasins first washed in some change of waters; or if you will aim at a Canary Sack, then choose the best of the Xanthe Currens you can get, being well cured and conditioned, and take a like proportion of them to each gallon of your crude wine; leave them in this infusion or imbibition, until the liquor have extracted both the tincture and strength of the fruit; then draw the wine from the fruit, and when these two liquors have in time wrought themselves into one body, they will become a most pleasant wine, either resembling the Bastard, the Muskadine or Canary Sack, either to be drunk alone, or serving to compass or taste any other wine withal, according to the proportion of the fruit which you infuse, and according to the workmanship which you shall show therein; for herein I am assured that I have given light sufficient to an ingenious Artist, both to check and mate all those brewing Copers and Vintners of our age, who rise early and work late in their gross and jumbling slights and apparelling about their wines, when as it were much better both for the credit of their houses, and the health of their Customers, if they spent that time in their beds which they spend in their Cellars at midnight. But it shall suffice at this time, that I have broken the ice into a harder passage, and that I have given a taste of some new skill, which I will be ready to enlarge and amplify as well in this subject as in others of higher reach, when I shall see men of worth and special desert to be distinguished from the vulgar sort by their honourable reward, till which time I will leave Nature in a sweet slumber; Sed nunc ad oppositum.  

Young Onions all the year.  41. If you sow onion seeds every month in the wane of the Moon, and in cold weather; if you steep the seeds in warm water, and sow them in earth well dunged in pots, and remove the pots into close rooms in cold and unseasonable weather, you may by this means have Onions young and fresh growing all the year, as a Gentleman of Ireland did credibly inform me of his own experience. Quaere if young Radishes may not be had in the same manner. 
Young Radishes all the year.   
42. 
Roses growing at Christmas  If you cut a Red or Damask Rose root on Midsummer day, between eleven and twelve of the clock before noon, at Christmas it will bear Roses. Note that you must defend them from cold weather by covering them all over with straw. Quaere if this secret may not be performed best in such Roses as grow in pots or tubs, because they may be best defended from all injury of frosts, by removing them into closely places.  
43. 
Grapes g●owing late.  Towards cold weather you must cover with some well tempered loam (as with hors-dung or flocks, but I take flock to be the better) all the stalks of the Vine even to the bunches of Grapes, covering the bunches themselves with straw, and so you shall have your Grapes growing upon the Vine at Christmas. Quaere if this secret serve for any other Trees. Note also that your vines must be opened three times in the year, and be dunged with some apt soil for them.  

Rich earth for pots.  44. Take the earth that you shall find under an old Muck heap, but dig not too deep; this alone is an excellent mould to plant your Gillyflowers and other Flowers and Dwarf-trees in; but if you mingle therewith both lime and dung also, and temper them well together, it will be a good means to forward such Flowers as you shall place therein, but you must not set your pots in the South sun. Quaere of planting each Flower in its own putrefaction with earth, or in the putrefaction of Corn or any other Vegetable. See more at large hereof porta pag. 100  
45. 
A second crop of Artichokes  Some by cutting down of Artichokes presently after their bearing, gain also a second crop about Michaelmas or Alhallontide, if the weather prove not too sharp, because the Plant is tender; or else after they have done bearing you may cut them often, if you will lose your second crop of Artichokes, and content yourself only with such stalks as will spring from time to time, and be very good meat being tenderly sodden.  

When to sow seeds in respect of the Moon.  46. All such seeds as you would have to run to seed again, must be sown in the three days before or after the full of the Moon, or at the full, and these will be forwarder than those which be sown three weeks before them in the wain of the Moon, as some Gardeners do hold.  

Hindering of the Colleflower in blowing.  47. When your Coleflower is almost ripe, cut it off, leaving a pretty long stalk at it, prick the stalk in the ground, and by this means the flower will be somewhat long before it blow, and so you may have then one under another, as you shall have cause to spend them.  

Salt to forward Pease  48. Quaere of sowing of two bushels of salt amongst four bushels of Beans or Pease what effects it will work either in forwarding them, or in the enriching of the soil, especially being oftentimes strewed; for I have been credibly informed that the like proportion of salt amongst seed-corn will multiply the increase thereof exceedingly.  
49. 
To preserve fruit upon dwarf trees.  Plant many Dwarf-trees, and bow down their branches with their fruit upon them, including the fruit And quaere how long the fruit will keep; you must have party covers to your pots, and well luted.  
50. 
A fructifying water or seeds.  Quaere of striing of seeds in water wherein some Sandiner is first dissolved. Quaere if one sixteenth part be not a good proportion, for that cometh near unto the salt water, wherein there is some eighteen or twenty parts of salt. 
Lemon, Orange, pomegranate tree.  Quaere also of watering all outlandish Trees, as Lemon, Orange, Pomegranate, etc. therewith to forward them in their bearing. Quaere also of a strong Lee made of the waste Soap-ashes plus ante num. 33.  

Late fruits  51. Some do hold that if you nip off the blossoms in the midst with your nails when they do first bud forth, that new blossoms will afterwards break forth close by them, which will come later than the first. Quaere of the like practice upon those new blossoms likewise, ante num. 23.  
52. 
A practice upon Roses.  Quaere what will follow by the declination of the branches of Roses and other Flowers into pots either empty or half full of water, and standing within the ground.  
53. 
Sopesuds and Powder-beef-broth.  Quaere of throwing all the sope-suds, and all the Powder-beef-broth at the roots of Cherry-trees, and other Trees, what effect will follow, and so of flowers.  
54. 
When to lop or proin.  Lop no tree in wet weather, neither cut down any Herbs in a rainy day, but in necessity. Andrew Hill.  
55. 
Shave of horn.  Quaere of steeping shave of horn a long time in water, and after watering of Trees or Plants therewith. 
Horn to Cherry-trees.   
56. Quaere of laying of store of horns at the roots of Cherry-trees, etc. if they will forward their bearing. 
P●ase forwarded with horn.   
57 What shave of horn will do in forwarding a Pease field, or in forwarding of outlandish seed; but especially sow early Pease, such as Mr. Flower soweth by Bednal-green.  

Tailor's shreds.  58. Tailor's shreds laid upon the ground will enrich it greatly.  

Horn into a jelly to forward fiui●s.  59 If you steep shave of horn in water and lime, the horn in time will grow to a jelly, then may you drain away the water, and apply the same to the roots of Trees or Herbs, without discovering of your secret. 
Rosetrees forwarded.  I have heard them much commended in forwarding of Rosetrees.  
60. 
When to proin trees  The branches of all Trees must be cut off in setting time, 
Peach tree.  except the Peach tree, from which you must only take away the dry branches. Ex veter. lib. manuscrip. pergam Th. Gas.  
61. 
Young plants covered with a vail in the night.  When you plant any tender Tree, as the Apricock or such like, place it if you can against a pale or wall, and till cold weather be past, cover the same with a close cloth every night, rolling it up in the day time when the sunshineth, or when the air is warm and temperate.  
62. 
Roots of y●ung plants well watered.  In the planting of every young Tree or Bush, pour in after it is set a gallon, two or three of water after it, to make it root the sooner.  

When to gather fruit  63. Gather your Apples when the weather is dry, and also in the waning of the Moon, and that will preserve them greatly from rotting; quaere if that be not general in all fruit.  

Cropping of trees.  64. When you cut off the head of any Tree, either to graft upon or for fuel, leave one branch near the top for the sap to run up upon, for fear the tree perish.  

Enriching of corn ground with salt.  65. If you scatter three bushels of bay-salt upon arable ground after harvest, you may sow four times barley upon the same ground, and gain rich crops; quaere of a fith crop. Probat. at Cheswick per Mr. Phil. Herb.   

66. The whole manner of planting and ordering the Musk-Mellon, Cucumber, Pompeon, etc.  
Get a load or two of new horsdung, wherein there is good store of Litter, and such as is not above seven or ten days old, or not exceeding fourteen, and which hath been laid still upon a heap, as it was taken out of the stable; dig a pit that may be fit to receive the same, and ever as you lay any reasonable quantity thereof, tread it down as hard as you can; then sift about two inches thick of fine mould upon the dung, and prick in at every three or four inches a Musk-mellon seed (which must be first soaked twenty four hours together in milk) stake this border of dung and earth round about very thick with sticks or forks that may appear above the ground some four inches in height, and upon these sticks lay hurdles or lathes or other twigs, so fastened together as that lying upon the sticks they may cover all the Plants over; upon these hurdles lay good store of straw, viZ. so much as may be sufficient both to defend the cold from the seeds, and also to keep out a reasonable shower of rain if it happen to fall before the removing of your plants. Let them so rest for twenty four hours, and then you shall see them peep above the ground, and if the weather be open, and that the Sun shine, give them for seven or eight days after two hours' sun at the rising, and likewise at the setting thereof every day, by removing away the hurdles with the straw upon them; then if the weather have been warm and that you see that every Plant hath gotten three or four leaves, you may remove them, taking also sufficient of the earth and dung that grew about each Plant with it, not loosening the root at all; then set these Plants in holes made of purpose, so as they may stand about six inches within the earth, that thereby you may cover them and uncover them as before for five or six days; and if they hold out so long, then are they passed all danger, unless some storm of hail happen to beat upon them; but to avoid all danger, I think it not amiss for three or four weeks after they be removed, to keep them covered with empty pots as before, both night and day, saving that in fair days you may acquaint them by little and little, more and more with the Sun, in cold or gloomy days not uncovering them at all. Now when they have shot out all their joints (which you shall perceive when you see a knot at the very end of the shoot, which is somewhat before the flowering time) then must you cover every knot or joint with a spade or shovelful of earth, and thereby each knot will root, and put forth a new shoot; (quaere of the same order in Cucumbers, Pompions) by which means you shall have great increase of Melons, as perhaps twenty five or thirty rising from one Plant. But if in twenty four hours space your Plants do not peer above the ground, than you must water them in the heat of the day, and your water being pretty warm; and quaere if some of those waters, ante num. 33. be not good for this purpose; quaere also of salt or urine which are thought of some to be a very special good means to keep a dunghill a long time hot for the digestion of Chemical work. You must not forget to water these young Plants often, at which time you may prove either common water, or first infused in some rich soil, and then warmed before you apply the same; quaere of bestowing of soap-ashes about their roots. When your Melons are as big as little balls, then if you nip off the shoots that are beyond them, they will grow exceeding great; for then the sap doth not run any more to waste. Note also that this fruit desireth to be kept from moisture, and therefore you must use to cover them with broad leaves from the rain. Some be of opinion that all the art before set down for the speedy obtaining of Plants is needless, and that if you do only let a few Musk-melons shed their seeds as they grow, that so they will be much forwarder than by this device. Sed quaere, if it shall not then be very requisite to cover and defend them from all the injury of the winter frosts, which the tenderness of that Plant will otherwise very hardly bear or endure; quaere, of Ridge tiles, or other Cilinders of clay or tin plates to set opposite against the Sun, and close by their roots, in such sort as they may receive the reflection of the Sun upon them to hasten their bearing, which you must remove in the afternoon, opposing them still towards the sun, so as the Cilinders may at no time in the day shadow the roots; but than it will be also necessary to water them continually with dropping lists, lest the excessive heat of the sunbeams should make them to parch and whither. See all this more truly set down in my last book of Gardening, fo. 8. num. 18.  

Speedy arbours and green in winter.  67. The Beech-tree groweth green continually, and therefore most apt to make pleasant Arbours for the winter also. See Googes Husbandry, fol. 101.  
68 Beech-trees or Birch-trees make an Arbour speedily, and so likewise of the Jesamy, and of the Pompion Plants, but they grow not long green; quaere of French-beans.  

Delicate pots for Carnations  69. In this manner you may have most delicate Carnation or Gillyflower pots; Cause pots of eighteen or twenty inches height, and of a good breadth to be made in what fashion you will, with two ears East and West, and two pipes North and South, at the which you may water your Flowers; let the pipes be full of little holes at the entering into the pot, and let your pot be made full of holes at the sides, each hole distant one full inch from another, in the which you may plant Time, Hyssop, or small Lavender, and as it groweth keep the same even with cutting, or you may leave some part of the Herbs to grow longer than the rest, to make thereof Diamonds, Frets, etc. In these pots you may plant Roses, Carnations, Lilies, etc. or you may have your pots made in the shape of Flowers-de-luce, round Balls, Diamonds, etc.   

70. How to prevent the common error, whereby every second year is made more unfruitful than otherwise it would be of Apples, Pears, Plums, etc. by the negligence of man.  

Preserving the Bud.  This is done by the careful gathering of your Fruit; for almost every Apple, Pear, Plum, etc. when it is ripe hath a little pin or bud hard by it, which the next year would be an Apple, Pear, or Plum; and therefore in the gathering of your Fruit, you must have special care to pull them off so, as you hurt not the bud, which is easily done if you break off the Pear, Apple or Plum from the bud, and not toward it, whereby to hurt it.   

71. How to keep Plums from cleaving, and so of Flowers.  
This is done by the opinion of some by wreathing only of the bows or branches whereon they grow. Quaere, if this or any such like means will help where Carnations or Gillyflowers do use to break the Cod.  
72. How Flowers and other Dwarf-trees that root deep, may notwithstanding be forced to grow in small pots or wooden vessels.  
Quaere if this may not be done by planting them in pots that be divided in halves, in ante num. 20. or such as be made steeplewise, whereby the earth and plant together may be uncased, and pared away at the sides and bottoms, and supplied with good and fresh mould, and by taking away all the superfluous ragged roots thereof, and cutting of the master root the shorter. For the only let as I imagine, that should hinder great Plants from growing long in small vessels, is because the root cannot have room and deep enough to grow in; as also for that so small a quantity of earth cannot give nourishment enough to so great a Plant; without some yearly helps.   

73. A special order for planting and ordering of all Orchards, whereby your Trees shall flourish exceedingly, and bear store of fruit.  
Some hold opinion, That if the ground be moist, than the shallower you set the Trees, the better they will prosper; but if the ground be dry, than the deeper the better; but I have heard it very confidently affirmed by a Gentleman of good judgement, and great experience in re rustica, That all Fruit-trees would be placed even in the summity of the earth, so as their roots may only be well covered with earth, by which practice he hath seen a Tree that grew deep before, removed and planted in this manner, which bore his full burden of Fruit in the first year of the transplanting thereof; and by this means every ground that will carry a good and rich sword of grass, and being only two foot or eighteen inches of good earth, will serve to make a most fruitful Orchard, whereby that erroneous conceit (that it is impossible to have a prosperous bearing Orchard where a vain of gravel lieth within two foot of the turf) is utterly confuted and reproved, which would be a very joyful and welcome secret to a great number of our English Gentlemen and others, who notwithstanding their great charge in laying in of infinite store of earth upon their Backsides, can by no means procure a good Orchard to themselves, and that only by reason of the deep setting of their Trees, which (how good soever the earth be) doth greatly hinder them and keep them back both in spreading and fructifying; the reason whereof is apparent to every young Novice in the Schools of Philosophy. Now because these shallow-rooted Trees will be in some danger to be overcome with the high and boisterous winds, it is therefore necessary to set them about Alhallontide when the ground being moist moist and supple, and the dripping season of the year may fasten and knit the earth unto them; and for their better stay, it will be requisite, that every tree have a sufficient prop to support it; all such grass or other weeds as grow about these trees must either be weeded out or pared away, that there may be no Plant at all to draw any of that vegetative salt of the earth from the roots of the Trees; this grass may be laid in some fit place till it be putrified, and then returned again to his first place. And because in hot Summers and dry weather, these Trees that shall root thus near the superficies of the ground will be apt to parch and burn away, unless there be some moistening means used to the same; I would therefore advise that there be some pretty store of peas-straw or Fearn laid about the bottom of each Tree, which being now and then well moistened with water, if the season happen to be dry, will keep the roots wet enough, and defend them from the scorching heat of the sun, or else you may wet them with a dropping list that may distil even through the straw or fern unto the root. Quaere if that Vines may be used in this manner. These Trees may be succoured and relieved now and then with some fresh mould, whereof a small quantity will serve, because the roots are so near to the uppermost crust of the ground; here I think Sopeashes would serve to good purpose.   

74. The just time or ipsum nunc, when it is best to graft, both in respect of the Cions, as also of the Stock.  
The Spring time of all other is the most proper and apt time for graffing, because then Nature being stirred up by the strength of the climbing Sun, doth force the sap to ascend into the uppermost part; but because this season of the year is subject to much alteration, either by excessive moisture, or too much drout, and sometimes by the sharp and nipping frosts, that often do kill, and many times do stay and hinder the first putting forth of Vegetables. I have therefore thought it good for the better certainty of thy election and choice of times, to show thee some undoubted way how thou mayst understand Nature herself speaking in this point by undoubted and demonstrative signs unto thee. And therefore when thou shalt perceive that she beginneth to thrust forth those little red buds, which give the first hope of increase unto thee; then, I say, and before those buds do break out either into a green colour, much less into leaves, thou must assure thyself that thy Cions is ready to be taken off, and graffed in such a stock, as hath also buds of the like colour and bigness unto them, by which means they will so jump in a sympathy of Nature together, as that they will most lovingly and kindly embrace each other. And note, that the stock must always be as forward at the least as the Cions; for otherwise the Stock will starve the Cions.   

75. The manner of implastering, Inoculating, or Graffing in the bud, with all necessary circumstances.  
In some smooth part of the Stock whereupon you mean to graft, you must first slit the bark about half an inch overthwart the body or branch; then slit likewise the bark thereof downward from the midst of the overthwart slit somewhat more than an inch in length, into which convey your bud with the leaf at it, so as you place bark to bark at the upper end, and croping of the uppermost part of the leaf; then bind the bark of the stock about the bud, with such bands as are commonly used in the binding up of Brawn, and close up the joint with Loam and Moss well tempered together; at three week's end you must take off that band, because the bud will swell, and then you must bind the same again more easily with a new band; but some do hold it sufficient to slit the band only in the backside, and so to leave it. Note that in the gathering of your bud you must be careful that you hurt not the bud in the inner side of the bark, when you divide the same from the branch whereon it grew; for if you find any hole or pit therein, it is a manifest sign that you have left the bud behind; for the avoiding of which danger, the best way of all other that ever I could find was, to slope the bark a little upward in taking off the bud, and to slit down at the sides and bottom thereof, so as it may be a pretty large square, and then putting in your finger gently at the upper end to draw the same downward, as you would slip off an Eels-skin; this bud you must place in a square hole cut out of purpose for the same, and sitting bark to bark as near as you can in every place. Some in gathering of the leaf with the bud do make an overthwart slit a little above the leaf, which leaf would be such a one as hath a fair swelling bud by it; then they slit the bark on either side for the leaf, and so make the same to meet in the base point in form of an Eschocheon. Some do hold the best time of this graffing to be about the midst of June, or few days before or after; and some about the twelfth or fourteenth of June, but you shall find out the best time of all for this practice by the sappiness of the Tree when you slit the same, and by the smooth and easy dividing of the Bark from the Tree. If your bud take well, then must you cut off the stock or branch whereon you have thus graffed about the end of December a shaftment about the bud, and when the bud hath afterwards given a sufficient shoot, then may you take off the branch or body whereon you graffed close at the bark of the bud, sloping the same upward with your knife: When you go about this work choose a fair, mild and temperate day, and shun all rainy and windy weather. Note also, that after you have taken off your buds, and until you have sitted them in their stock or branch, you must lay them in a saucer of fair water to keep them moist, and graft them as speedily as you may. Cut the bands in sunder in the backside about three weeks or a month after you have graffed; close it at the first with wax besides the bands; let the schocheon be rather a little too big than any thing too little, especially at the bottom for his place, because it will shrink, and be sure you close your schocheon well at the bottom; and so likewise in the graffing of a Cion. By this Art one small twig well chosen, and being full of buds will serve to graft sundry Trees, and it is not amiss to graft in divers places of the same Tree, if some should miss; for this graffing, though it take not, doth not any way impair or hurt the Tree. Graff Apple-tree-buds upon Apple-tree-stocks, and so of Pear-trees; and Stone-fruit-buds upon Stone-fruit-stocks. Quaere of graffing one Rose upon another, or upon any other Tree or branch. Quaere, if the bud would not be graffed in a shoot of the same year. In stone's Fruit it is thought better to graft upon a shoot of three years old at the least; but in Pear-trees or Apples you may graft this way upon a shoot of one year. Prepare your stock first, and presently apply the bud; for it is a rule in all graffing whatsoever, the sooner that you close them, the more ready they will be to knit together, even as a piece of flesh that is newly cut, being presently bound up will heal more speedily, whilst the vital spirits be yet warm.   

76. How to sow sufficiently in the wain or increase of the Moon, notwithstanding the unseasonableness of the weather.  
It is a common received opinion at this day, that it is necessary to sow all seeds which you would have to run to seed again in the increase of the Moon, except Beans and Pease, which must be sowed in the wane of the Moon, the nearer the change the better; and so likewise to sow all such seeds as you would have to bring large roots, and not to run to seed in the wane of the Moon, as Parsnips, Carrots, Radish, and generally all Potherbs; now if either the wane or increase prove so wet and showry, or so cold and frosty that you cannot conveniently sow your seeds in their due season, then mingle well together each seed with a sufficient quantity of fine and rich mould, and leave them so together in pots, pans or dishes, till you find apt weather to sow them abroad; and so you shall not be forced to lose any season at all. Quaere if all these pots or pans were set in a stove or other warm place, if so the seed would not be much forwarder than if they had been scattered abroad. Or else you may sow them, the earth being moist, so as you provide sufficient store of dry mould or earth to cover the seeds.   

77. How to have Garden Pease or French-Beans to grow without the help of sticks or poles.  
Set one row of Beans, and another of Pease some five or six inches asunder, and the Bean stalks will outgrow the Pease, and be strong enough to support the Pease; your French Beans you may prick round about your Trees in your Orchard, suffering them to climb up by the bodies, and if need be you may bind them to the trees with rushes or some such gentle bands.   

78. How to destroy weeds, worms, rushes, etc. as also to enrich any pasture or arable ground, and perhaps to forward the Crop thereof.  
This is done first by ploughing the ground twice, and then by sowing of the waste Sopeashes in some reasonable quantity upon the ground after it is sown with grain in the winter time; two load or three load of them will serve an acre of ground very richly: quaere, 
Pease and beans forwarded.  what effects will follow in the forwarding of Pease or any other grain or pulse, if the same be bestowed upon ground every two months; 
Weeding of Woad saved.  If this fall out, then imagine how profitable it were for all such as sow any store of Woad; for by this means they may save an infinite charge in the weeding thereof, which now they cannot avoid; some think that salt is of equal force with soap-ashes in all these purposes; and that two bushels will suffice for an acre of ground, being mingled with the grain in the sowing; and that thereby you may have yearly a rich crop of Wheat in a barren ground. Quaere, 
Broom and Fern destroyed.  if Broom or Fern may be destroyed by this mean. s I make no doubt of Broom if the ground were ploughed and then the ashes strewed thereon; there is no doubt but that these ashes will also be very necessary for the enriching of Garden grounds.   

79. How to stay the bleeding of any Vine.  
This is done by binding the ordure of a man that is somewhat dry or stiff in a linen cloth, close to the place where it bleedeth, with some packthread or other bands; this I learned of an expert Gardiner. Quaere of the drooping of melted brimstone upon the place, or wax and Turpentine, Pitch, Rosin and such like. Also if you fear it with a hot iron, and drop tallow thereon, and then bind the bark hard with divers folds of cord or Packthread about, this will stay the bleeding thereof; experienced per Mr. Hill.   

80. How to have great and large Musk-melons, Cucumbers, Pompions, Gooseberries. etc.  
When your Pompions are as big as little apples, 
Nipping of the young shoots.  then nip off all those young shoots that grow beyond them, by which means a Gentlewoman of her own experience did assure me, 
Pompions.  that she had Pompions as big as a gross woman in the waste; the same may be done in Cucumbers, and Musk-melons, as soon as they are grown to some little bigness. 
Goosberries.  So likewise by nipping off the tops that grow beyond the Goosberries presently after they are knit, she had exceeding great Goosberries. Quaere of the like practice in Apples, Pears, Cherries, 
Apples, Pears, Cherries, Grapes to grow great.  Plums, Peaches, Grapes, etc. Quaere also if there be any use of this secret in Flowers. Some commend the taking away of all the Runners except two or one from every pompion, 
Pompeon.  whereby more sap may be conveyed into the Fruit.   

81. How to destroy Fern or Broom.  
So soon as it is ready for the  or Hook, cut it down, and continue this practice two or three years together, and in the end, the sap wanting issue will choke the root; according to that opinion it is likewise held in the destruction of a Tree, by taking away all the sprouts and buds from time to time, as they put forth at any of the branches. Quaere if this practice will not destroy Broom.   

82. How to make the leaves, stalks and roots of Artichokes to be good food for the Table.  
The roots of all young Artichokes, as I have heard some Traveller's report, be in a manner as sweet and delicate as the Potato root, and therefore to have store of them, I think it requisite to sow whole beds or borders of them; and if you will make use of the leaves, you must whilst they are young, viZ. before they do carry any apples, bind all the leaves in one mass together, and then bury them in the ground, and so they will become both sweet and tender; and this is a practice very usual in Barbary. Or if by cutting down the stalks you prevent the bearing of their fruit, you shall have their stalks full of strength and food, and to make pleasant Salads withal, and that oftentimes in one year. Also if you cut them down presently after their bearing, you shall have young Artichokes towards Michaelmas, if time or season be any thing mild and temperate.   

83. How to make flowers double, as also to enlarge either fruits or flowers, and to make young trees to prosper well.  
This is thought to be best performed by often removing the young Plant (and as some will have it, in the increase of the Moon, or rather just at the full) and so likewise of Dwarf-trees. Quaere whether the removing of a stock before it be graffed, or after it be graffed, be the better way to make the Tree to prosper, and whether it be not good for the increase thereof, to remove and transplant it often whilst it is young.   

84. How to defend a whole Orchard, or any particular Tree from the frosts of April or May, whereby the blossoms may knit without any danger.  
If you can happen upon a place defended, either by a hill, or some rows of high trees already growing, from the North and East winds, then shall you not need to show any other art, for that your Orchard having this defensative, is very likely to prove fruitful if there be no other impediment in the soil. But if you cannot be so happy to find a place so guarded to your hand, then plant on the East and North side thereof a Quickset-hedge of Hathorne, which will grow to a reasonable height in a short time, without the which you may also set a rank or two of Elms, Ashes, or Sycamore, to break off the cold blasts from your Trees. But if by chance you have any wall already built, with two sides against the same wind, that will be a special good corner to set an Apricock-tree therein. Or if you are desirous to defend the blossoms of some few Trees from those cold winds, whereby to have store of fruit when others shall fail, then must you strain Canvas on the East and North side of them, until all cold weather be overblown, and so you may have Cherries, Peaches, Apricocks and all other early fruit, when the rest of your Neighbours may happen to want: And this Canvas will be afterwards as serviceable for the Painter as any other, and so you shall reap great profit with no loss at all. But this practice fit than Orchard that consisteth of Dwarf trees most excellently, as also a Garden of dainty Flowers that may be couched together under such an Artificial wall. But if your Plum-trees do grow against a wall, then may you hang a sheet or piece of canvas only over them every morning and evening.   

85. How to make the best choice of any Cions whatsoever.  
Choose that twig which you see to put forth as many or more buds then the rest of the Tree, and which seemeth best to prosper in your eye.   

86. How to recover an old Border of Time or Hyssop that is almost dead.  
You must cut the same down very low at a convenient time, and if you can after some present rain or against a shower, and then earth the same presently, by sifting earth all over the borders with a long and flat Sieve, made for that purpose, which being in some measure answerable to the breadth of your borders, will be much apt for this purpose, than those round Sives that are usually employed in this work, whereby much earth falleth into the Alleys of your Garden.   

87. How to know the just time when to remove or transplant any Tree.  
When the leaves begin to fade colour, and wax yellow, then is the fittest time of all other to remove them, if you would have them to root well, and bear speedily.   

88 How a man may have a speedy bearing Orchard, but the trees not beautiful, or to have fair and goodly Trees, that will not bear Fruit so soon.  
Prick in the kernels of Pippins, Pears or other Fruit in your Nursery (which Nursery would be always a worse ground than the Orchard wherein you must afterward remove them; for otherwise your trees will not prosper so well when they are transplanted:) and after they be of three years' growth, viZ. about the bigness of your little finger, you may graft them either in the stock or in the bud; these young graffed Trees being afterward removed into your Orchard, consisting of a good fat mould, will bear fruit very speedily, but thereby they will be hindered from being fair and mighty Trees, like a woman that beginneth soon to teem, whereby her growth and spreading is much hindered; and this is an approved way to have a speedy Orchard. But if you desire to have an Orchard consisting of fair and beautiful Trees, but three or four years more backward in bearing, then plant your Orchard at the first with Crabstocks, and when they are able in any one year to put forth a shoot of two foot long at the least, then are they fit to be graffed, and not before; these stocks being thus graffed will spread into goodly high and large Trees, but not bear so soon as your other Trees any store of fruit. And thus you may make your own election which manner of Orchard shall like you best.   

89. How to make branches or Arms of Trees to root.  
If any Bough of a Tree do put forth a great number of warts or little knots in any place, saw off that Arm or Bough one inch below those warts, and prick it into the ground, and it will root and become a Tree.   

90. How divers Trees and Hedges are kept backwurd by the ignorance of him that planteth them only.  
When a Privy Hedge is laid too late, as in February or March, it will never come forward or prosper greatly; Yea, I have heard a man of good experience affirm, that if this year in March a Privy Hedge be laid, and another about Alhallontide the next year, that the later hedge in seven years' space, will gain three years' growth or spreading of the first; the like is to be thought of all Trees.   

91. How to make the body of a Tree, or any young Cions to grow full of squares or Losanges.  
Slit a tender young stock, or a shoot of six years, when it is of some reasonable length, about one finger or six inches in length, and in the midst of the slit overthwartwise place a short stick that by thrusting out of the sides may make the form of a Losange, the inside whereof must be covered with tar, and in time the bark will cover the same, and thus you may have a Tree full of Losanges, and one square made contrary to the other, whereby your work may seem the stranger.   

92. How to bring Fruit into any shape, or to grow within moulds.  
This is done by clapping of party moulds having vents upon young Pears, Apples, etc. which have such forms and portraitures within as you like best; I think leaden moulds, or moulds of  clay to be the best and cheapest of all others. You may also put in young bunches of Grapes into little stone pots or glasses made of purpose, having vents in the top (for I think otherwise they will distil with the heat of the sun.) Quaere of putting of water in the moulds, so as it touch not the fruit, to make the Grapes to swell. Quaere, if leaden moulds be not the best of all other to ripen Grapes; quaere also if these moulds being well sured towards Winter when the Fruit is ripe, if so the Fruit will not hang a long time upon the Tree notwithstanding all frosty weather.   

93. The best manner of binding or closing of any new graffed Cions.  
First let in the Cions of a good depth into the Stock, so as if it take not in one place it may take in another, then bind the same about with such bands as they use to bind Brawn, and cover the band and slit all over with wax (green wax I have seen to take good proof this way) for loam will chop in dry weather, and let in both wind and rain which wax will not; and loam by its hardness bindeth in the sap too much, which wax doth not hinder at all by reason of its softness and pliantness in warm weather, through which, even the buds by help of the sun do easily break.   

94. To backward Flowers, as Gillyflowers, Pinks, Strawberries, etc.  
Quaere, if by covering them over with some earthen pan with wet straw or hay about it, they will not be much hindered; removing the pot but one or two days in the week to take the sun, lest they whither away.   

95. Necessary Observations to make either outlandish or English seeds to grow the better.  
If you can take the advantage of a hard frosty winter, which hath mellowed the ground well, and made the earth to crumble; and than if it be also dry in March, that the mould may fall to fine powder in the digging thereof, and that your seeds be sowed and well covered before it rain (if the infertility of the ground hinder not) you shall be in good possibility of a rich crop. I did sow some Staves-acre in a place whose mould was cast up in wet weather, and consisting of earth and clay, it did so clod together, as that the seeds which were sowed the 26 of March did not appear above ground until the latter end of May, and then also they came very thinly. I had the like success in the same earth with Artichoke seeds, whereof the hundreth one came not up (although peradventure I might be abused in the seeds, which is an ordinary practice in these days, with all such as follow that way, either to deliver the seeds which they sell mingled with such as are old and withered, or else without any mingling at all to sell such as are stark naught) I would there were some fit punishment devised for these petit cozeners, by whose means many poor men in England, do oftentimes lose, not only the charge of their seed, but the whole use & benefit of their ground, after they have bestowed the best part of their wealth upon it. Cheapside is as full of these lying and forswearing Huswives as the Shambles and Gracechurch-street are of that shameless crew of Poulter's wives, who both daily, & most damnably, yea upon the Sabath day itself, run headlong into wilful perjury, almost in every bargain which they make, selling Cocks for Capons when they have pared their combs, and broken off their spurs; old Hens for Pullet's, when they have broken their pinions and brest-bones; Buntings for Larks, when young Dames go to market, bruised Rabbits for sound, being in their skins, and yet they will have their Cases too except the bargain be the wiselier made; and stolen Fowl for fresh and new, or at the least both sorts mingled together, maintaining their sales with such bold countenances, and cutting speeches, with such knavish practices, and such forlorn Consciences, as that they have both driven away many honest Matrons from their stalls, and so corrupted a number of young maiden Servants with their bold and lewd lying, with their desperate swearing and forswearing, that they have made all plain and modest speech, yea all kind of Christianity to seem base and rustical unto them. I would inveigh more bitterly against this sin, if my text would bear it; but now I will leave it unto the several Preachers of the Parishes where they dwell, who can present this matter more sharply, and with less offence than I may; I pray God, that either by them, or by the Magistrate, or by one means or other, this great dishonour of God and of Religion may be speedily removed amongst us. But to return to our first subject, I think it very necessary to sow as early as the coldness of the Spring will give you leave. I sowed Anni eeds and Fenigreke the 26 of March, 1594. and they prospered exceeding well, and yet I would have sowed more early, but that the beginning of March was so showering, that I could not garden any sooner; these Anniseeds began to flower about the midst of June, at which time also the Fenigreke was full of cod. Quaere if the Staves acre, Artichoke-seeds, and Cominseeds which I then sowed also, would not have proved better if they had been steeped for some reasonable time in water. I do find by experience that Anniseeds and Fenigreke delight in ground that is enriched with Soap ashes; and Cominseed, as I think, would either be steeped in salt water before it be sowed, or else some little store of salt would be mingled in the earth, for I found it to fail me in divers other trials which I made without salt; and yet if I had not over-salted the ground, I think it would have proved much better. Quaere of ground enriched with horn for outlandish seeds, because I have been credibly informed that they will make Parsely seeds to disclose themselves in three weeks. In March 1595. I sowed English Wormseeds (a seed much like if it be not the same, to that which is called Semen Ameos) in ground enriched with horn, and it grew very rank, and full of blossoms.   

96. A necessary observation in the removing of young Plants of Musk-melons, Pompions etc.  
The younger that you set them, being strong enough to be removed, I think they will prosper the better; for the sap will sooner rise, and be able to feed them.   

97. How to graft upon one root of Carnations all manner of Carnations, Gillyflowers, Pinks, etc.  
Pull off the top (some two or three inches in length) of every branch, and in their places put the like tops of flowers of contrary colours, thrusting them in as closely as you can, and then bind them about with some thread, and they will bring forth the like flowers as those roots did bear from whence they were taken. This of Mr. Jarret the Chirurgeon in Holborn.   

98. How to increase the bearing of any Gillyflower or Carnation root exceedingly.  
Wreathe every stalk a little in that place which you mean to cover with earth, then lay your earth thereon, and by this means every Slip will bring forth great store of Flowers. You may also dwarf them into little pots, being slit on the sides, and when they have taken sufficient root, you may cut them off from the old root, and so of every slip you shall have a bearing root the same year. This also of Mr. Jarret the Chirurgeon.   

99 How to increase the double or single Stock-Gilliflowers.  
Nip off the tops of them before they bud, at some reasonable length, and beat the stalk toward the bottom with the back of a knife, and then prick them into the ground, and close the earth well unto them. I have heard that the double Stock-gilliflower doth never yield any seed.   

100 How to dwarf any manner of Fruit Tree, so as your Orchard shall bear fruit the first year.  
In the beginning of January, or at the least before the same month expired, choose a shoot of two years old, and if you can such a one as hath some small sprigs about that part of the branch which shall rest in the midst of the pot, for they help greatly in the rooting; then cross-hack near those sprigs, about some two inches in length round about the bark with the edge of your knife, and then let it in at a slit, which of purpose must be made in the pot, wherein you mean to dwarf; fill the same full of earth, and if occasion serve, now and then you may water the same; hang this pot either by wires firm to the body of the Tree, or else drive in a stake near the shoot and place your pot thereon, and let the same continue one whole year before you cut it off from the old Tree. Note that the aptest pots for this purpose be such as hold sugar loaves, having slits of an inch in bigness at one side thereof from the bottom to the very top, and having feet made unto them whereon they may stand (wherein they differ from the sugar pots) and it will not be amiss if these pots consist of two parts, whereby you may take them from the earth, without breaking of the earth, when you would plant them in the ground; and so the same pots will serve often. These Dwarf-trees will bear fruit the first year. See ante num 83. how to defend such an Orchard in blooming time from frosts. Also if these Trees be set in ranks, the Walks being well gravelled, leaving only round rings of earth about the bodies of each, of six inches in breadth, where you may place some straw or fern if you fear the exceeding heat of Sol; by this means the Sun will make a strong reflection upon the fruit to procure a speedy ripening. Quaere of adding the jelly of horn dissolved in limewater to the roots of them to make them more forward. Quaere of lapping of thin sheet-lead upon the bodies of your Trees to enforce the heat of the sun upon them: You may choose such a plat for this purpose, as is either naturally or artificially defended from the North and East winds, by hills, walls, pails, or hedges, but so as the Sun be not kept also from them.   

101. How to multiply the double Honeysuckle, Jesamie.  
Lay a number of their stalks or brances in the earth, and each sprig will become a root the next year, and so you may store yourself of any slender Plant, either to sell or give to your friends, and by this means you may make one root to run at what length you please in time, laying the shoot into the earth, as it groweth to any reasonable length.   

102. How to have a Vineyard to bear Grapes the first year.  
Let such shoots as are most likely to bear Grapes, run through the sides of pretty big baskets, opening the twigs to make passage for the branches, and filling the baskets full of earth in cutting time. Quaere, if there need to be any wreathing of the branch, or hacking of the bark as before, num. 100 in the dwarfing of Trees to make them root the sooner; These baskets may afterwards be placed in any plat where you mean to make a Vineyard, and they will bear the first year; the reason is apparent. Note if your Vine whereon you dwarf do run upon a frame, than you may easily place the basket upon the frame; and if they run upon a wall, then may you hang the basket by the ears to the wall. Some do use pots with holes bored through both the sides of them; But I do hold the baskets the better way, because they will soon rot being put into the ground, whereby the earth needeth not to be loosened from the roots, neither will they take so strong a heat in the Summer time to parch them away before they be fully rooted, as the stone pot will do.   

103. How to graft in a dead trunk, or stock of a Willowtree.  
Put a Willow-stock, (quaere if it must not be green and fresh) into a furrow of earth made for that purpose, make clefts or slits in the same fit for such branches of the Mulberry-tree as you will graft therein; they must be made like wedges, joining sap to sap, then close up the cliffs and defend them from weather, and then put all the stock of the willow under the furrow; this is borrowed out of Celsus. And one skilful in planting told me that no Tree will perish that is planted in this manner. After the first & second year passed thou mayst also saw or cut the trunk in sunder between the Plants, and transplant them in places convenient. Ex vetere lib. manuscrip. Th. Gasc.   

104. To help a tree whose stock or fruit beginneth to rot.  
When this happeneth, it is a sign that the bark of the Tree is sick, and therefore slit the same with a knife; and when the bad humour is sufficiently spent, dung the Tree well, and close the wood with tempered clay. Ibid.   

105. That the Peach-stone may have no kernel.  
Graff a Cions of a Peach-tree upon a Nut-tree. Ibid.   

106. To make a Peach-tree bring forth Pomegranates.  
Water the same with Goat's milk three days together, when it beginneth to flower. Ibid. Quis hoc credat nisi sit pro teste vetustas?   

107. To have great store of Sage speedily.  
A Monk told me that if thou sow the seed of Sage well ripe, as thou sowest other seeds in good earth that it will multiply exceedingly. Ibid.   

108. To have several grapes growing upon one branch, and and so of Roses, Gillyflowers, etc.  
Plant a white and a red Vine closely together, and being both rooted, set a branch of either of them together in the top, sloping them upward unto the pith; join them sap to sap, bind them together, wrapping a supple linen cloth about them, and at three days end, moisten them with water till it burgeon. Quaere, if after a convenient time one of the roots may not be taken away, to make it seem the more strange. Quaere if this may not also be performed in other Fruit-trees, Roses, Gillyflowers, etc. Ibid.   

109. How to have trees of Time, Hyssop, Lavender, Rosemary, etc.  
Quaere if by some one or other of the ways of graffing, the same may not be performed. Rocellae, ruta, & cawls in arbores mutantur; teste Cardano in lib. de rer. variet. p. 225.   

110. How to keep Grapes upon the Vine till the Calends of January; and so of other fruit and flowers; as also to keep backward both fruit and flowers.  
Servantur in arbore, sacculo ex papiro nostra circumposito. Card. in lib. de variet. rer. 224. Quaere, if an oiled paper will not perform this, especially if the paper be oiled over often, as occasion serveth, and the thread also oiled with it. Quaere also, if oiled papers, especially two or three double, or more, will not keep any fruit backward by defending the Sun from it, but than it will be necessary (as I think) to give some vent by pin holes underneath, lest the heat of the Sun do burn up the fruit, and work a distillation upon it; let the thread also be well oiled or waxed, wherewith you tie your paper; If Lin-seed-oyl alone will not serve, mix some powdered Amber therewith in the boiling, according to that set down in my Book of Experiments; for this is an excellent secret, and to be applied many ways if it be true, and it seemeth very probable. This is a delicate device to defend Gillyflower pots in winter from the cold, and in Summer from the heat. Quaere, if a Bladder will not serve instead of an oiled paper. Quaere, if taking away the bark almost round, or round, when the fruit is near ripe.   

111. How to make Pears, Apples, Plums, Grapes, etc. to dry as they grow.  
Before they be fully ripe, wreath the stalk of every fruit, by this means the fruit wanting nourishment will grow dry as it hangeth on the Trees. Ex veter. lib. manuscrip. Th. Gasc. Quaere of taking away the bark round about the branches that bear the fruit.   

112. How to destroy Caterpillars.  
Make a ring of tar towards the bottom of the Tree, then hang a bag full of Pismires by a cord in the top of the Tree, so as they may easily get out, and the Aunts when they cannot get down by reason of the tar, rather than they will starve for hunger, will eat up all the Caterpillars, per Lupton. 282.   

113. Secrets in Pompions, Musk-melons, Strawberries, and Artichokes, to make them prosper and grow great.  
Temper fat mould with cream, and therein prick your Pompeon-seeds, the mould being in a pot or earthen pan; cover them in the night and in cold weather; and when it is warm, or during the sunshine uncover them, and when they are sufficiently sprung up to make plants of, remove them into good ground, and they will grow to a monstrous greatness. Probat. per Sir Tho. Challenor. Quaere if the same practice will not serve in Musk-melons, Beans, Pease, etc. The water wherein sheep's dung hath been infused, will make Strawberries very great. And the Dose of Tanners well rotten in good earth will make rich ground to plant Artichoke plants in; and when you have set your young plants, if you strain a canvas over them, uncovering them only in warm weather, and in the warmest part of the day, they will prosper exceedingly.   

114. To make Apricocks to prosper well.  
Plant them against a wall that standeth into the East, and on either side of the Tree place a Fir-pole that is somewhat higher than the Tree, sloping wise; on the top of the poles place a course cloth, or rather a Cerecloth, which in the day time, or in the warmth of the day may be rolled up, or in the night or in cold weather let down to cover all the Tree, as it were with a Penthouse; and in this manner your Tree will prosper exceedingly; these clothes do also serve to keep off the frosts or cold winds when they are in blossom, until the fruit be knit, at which time you must only unfold your clothes in the warmth of the day, or when the Sun shineth, if the wind happen to be in any cold corner. A wooden pale may also serve instead of a brickwall for the like purpose. This of And. Hill.   

115. To make Rosemary to prosper exceedingly.  
Take of the dirt of the Highways, especially in the midst of them, where  have dunged and stalled most, make a bed thereof, and therein plant your Rosemary. Quaere of all other plants and flowers. Probat. per Mr. And. Hill in Rosemary, which he could never have to prosper in his London Garden till he used this Experiment.   

216. To make trees to flourish wonderfully.  
Water them now and then with the Dregs of Beer or Ale. Per Mr. And. Hill. Quaere of applying the same to all Herbs and Flowers. Quaere of Saltpetre, or Shall Armoniac applied to the roots of Plants, being first well putrified or rooted in earth.   

117. How to make a clay ground fruitful.  
This is done by mixing of a reasonable proportion of sand with it, not that the sand giveth any strength to the ground, but that it openeth the clay, which is oftentimes so binding, that the grain is starved therein before it can break out: specially in a dry season.   

118. Certain Observations for the enriching of ground.  
The River of Trent in Lincolnshire is suffered once in seven years to overflow a great Marsh, whereby it carrieth as much Swarth as can stand upon the ground: Per Harsley my Neighbour at Bishops-hall.  
A Gentleman having his Stable near his Vine, 
Watering of Grapes.  had his Grapes exceeding great and pleasant, by reason of the stolen of his Horses, that descended from his Stable to his Vine, and after turning his Stable into Lodgings, the Vine began to starve, and brought forth poor and hungry grapes. Per And. Hill.  
A Western Gentleman by direction of my Book of Husbandry, steeped two years together his Barley for twelve hours in the Sea-water, and then sowed the same, an. 1595 and 1596. and had a very plentiful crop. Quaere what soil. This of Mr. Andrew Hill.  
By my Cousin Duncombe, a neighbour of his steeped his Wheat in stolen four and twenty hours, and sowed the same in a ground consisting of sand and loom, being very barren, and had great yield, anno 1596.  
The Gall of a beast applied to a young graffed Plant, maketh the same to shoot forward exceedingly; quaere of Allom mixed with the gall; for one of these ways Mr. And. Hill proved excellent. Hereupon I gather, That all off all of Beasts, and all garbage of fish is very good.   
FINIS.   

Books printed or sold by William Leak at the sign of the Crown in Fleetstreet between the two Temple-gates.  

A Bible of 〈◊〉 fair large▪  
Roman ●et●●▪  
Yorke's Heraldry.  
Man become gu●●y 〈◊〉 Joh. Francis Sen●●, & Englished by H E. of Mo●●ou●h  
Wilby's second Set of Music, 3.4, 5 and 6 parts.  
The History of Vienna, and Paris.  
Calais learned Readins on the Stat 21 H. 8. cap. 5. of Sewers.  
Sken' the significatione Verborum.  
Posing of the Accidence.  
Delaman's use of the Horizontal Quadrant.  
Corderius in English.  
Doctor Fulkes Meteors.  
nigh's Gunnery and Fireworks.  
Cato Major, with Annotat.  
Lazerillo de Tormes.  
The Idiot in four Books.  
Aula Lucis, or the house light.  
Wilkinson's office of Sheriffs.  
Parson's Law.  
Mirror of Justice.  
The Fort-Royal of holy Scripture, or a new Concordance by, J. H.  
Solitary devotions.  
●er●ita●● Scholastica.  
Mathematical Recreations.  
The several opinions of sundry Antiquaries; touching the power of Parliam.  
The Right of the people concerning Impositio●● stated in a learned Argument.  
An exact Abridgement of the Records in the Tower of London, by Sir Rob. Cotton, Kt.  
An Apology for the discipline of the ancient Church, intended especially for that of our Mother the Church of England; In answer to the admonitory Letter, lately published by Will. Nicholson  of Brecon, in 4.  
The Garden of Eden.   

PLAYS.  
The Wedding.  
The Hollander.  
Maid's Tragedy.  
King and no King.  
Philaster.  
The grateful Servant.  
The strange Discovery.  
The Merchant of Venice.