astrological diagram 
The meaning and use hereof is declared next after the epistle to the reader:  


The names of the 12. signs which for want of room could not be written at length in the out most, Circled above in their proper place.  Aries 
♈  Taurus 
♉  Gemini 
♊  Cancer 
♋  Leo 
♌  Virgo 
♍  Libra 
♎  Scorpio 
♏  Sagitarius 
♐  Capricorn 
♑  Aquarius 
♒  Pisces 
♓     
 map of the world 
A NEW AND ACCURAT MAP OF THE WORLD  
Dranne according to the truest Descriptons' latest Discoveries & best Observations that have been made by English or Strangers  
Printed and are to be sold by Robert Walton at the Globe and Compass on the North side of St. Paul's church    

A COMPENDIOUS VIEW, OR Cosmographical, and Geographical Description of the whole WORLD.  
With more plain general Rules, touching the use of the Globe, then have been yet published.  
Wherein is showed the Situation of the several Countries, and Islands: their particular Governments, Manners, Commodities, and Religions.  
Also a Chronology of the most Eminent Persons, and things that have been since the Creation, to this present: Wherein you have a brief of the Gospel, or a plain, and easy Table, directing readily where to find the several things, that were taught, spoke, done and suffered, by Jesus Christ, throughout the said Gospel.  
The which is not only pleasant, and delightful; but very useful, and profitable; for all. But chief for those who want, either time, to read, or money to buy, many Books.  
By THO. PORTER.  
Are to be sold by Robert Walton, at the Globe and Compass, in S. Paul's Churchyard, on the North-side, 1659.   

TO THE READER.  
THe matter herein is very pleasant, and exceeding useful, for resolving many questions, and doubts: both in reference to Persons, & things: great part passed long since, but being eminent, and of much note, Historians have thought good to Chronicle them: & men of this present generation, being as ingenious and for the greater part more enquiring, into things then formerly. I have spent much time in gathering them together: But it may be some will say, that I have already published a good part hereof in another manner: I answer it is true, but I conceive of myself, and also hearing from others; that many would have it in this manner, for as much as some would have it to be their Companion in their pockets, others in their closerts, as well as some for ornament, and use of the house. And I had not then room for the Chronology, nor had I finished it: neither did I then think of several things that are now added. And whosoever will may have the four Maps of the four parts of the World, put into this Book: and they are very useful, for that things may be more fully seen and understood. And thus wishing you as much profit, and satisfaction, in reading, as I had in Collecting, I bid you farewell, and remain  
Yours THO. PORTER.   

The Description and use of the FRONTISPIECE.  
THe Frontispiece consisteth of certain Circles one within another, the outermost whereof is divided in 12 equal parts, and each of those parts is again divided into 30 smaller equal parts, the 12 larger parts represent the 12 Signs of the Zodiac, and the ●o smaller parts contain the degrees of each Sign; in each 12th. part there is written the name of the Sign it representeth, and the degrees are numbered by 10, 20, 30.  
Within this Circle, is another Circle, which is divided into 12 unequal parts, representing the 12 months of the year, and those 12 parts are divided into other smaller parts, namely, into so many as there are days contained in each month, and those are numbered by 10, 20, etc. and the name of each month is written in its proper place. Under the name of the month you have the names of such Holy or Festival days as are fixed in that month, together with the day of the month upon which they constantly fall, so under the month of July you shall find James Apost. 25, which denotes unto you that the 25 day of July is St. Jamses day, and so of all the rest.  
Now the use of these Circles are chiefly two; which are these: 

1 The day of the month being given, to find in what Sign and degree of the Zodiac the Sun is.  
2 The degree in the Sun in the Zodiac being given, to find the day of the month.    
First, Let the day of the month be given, and let it be required to find the place of the Sun in the Zodiac, to effect which, seek the day of the month in the Circle of months, and right against it you shall find the sign and degree in which the Sun is in the Zodiac. Example. Let the day of the month given be the 25th. of July, seek the 25th. of July in the Circle of months, (which you shall find to stand at the letter [a,] then right against it in the Circle of the 12 signs you shall find about 12 degrees of Leo, and in that sign and degree is the Sun upon the 25th. day of July, which 12 degree stands at the letter [b].  
Secondly, If the sign in which the Sun is had been given and it were required to find the day of the month then look in the Circle of signs for the sign and degree, and right against it you shall have the day of the month. Example. Let the sign in which the Sun is, be 12 degrees of Leo, look in the Circle of Signs for 12 degrees of Leo, which will be found at the letter [b] and right against it you shall find 25th, day of July, which is the day of the month required. The like is to be done for any Sign and degree in the Zodiac, and also for any day of the month in the whole year, this is sufficient for example sake.  
Within these Circles in a little square you have a Table which telleth you the day of the month for ever, and may be called a perpetual Almanac, the use whereof shall be declared, but before that can be well understood you must know how.  

To find the Sunday letter for ever.  
THe Sunday Letter is always one of these seven, A, B, C, D, E, F, or G, now to know which of the letters belongs to any year, this Table annexed showeth for ever.  
The Table following gins at 1659., and ends at 1686. Now to know the Sunday letter for any year look in the Table for the year of our Lord and right against it you shall have the Sunday Letter.  
Example. I would know the Sunday letter for the year 1661., look in the Table for the year 1661., and right against it you shall find F, so is F Sunday letter for all that year. In 1663. D will be the Sunday letter. In 1682 A will be Sunday letter. In the year 1664 C and B will be Sunday letters, and because there are two letters against that year (as there is every 4th. Years of our Lord Sunday Letter. 1659. B  60 A G 1 F  2 E  3 D  4 C B 5 A  6 G  7 F  8 E D 9 C  70 B  1 A  2 G F 3 E  4 D  5 C  6 B A 7 G  8 F  9 E  80 D C 1 B  2 A  3 G  4 F E 5 D  1686 C  year) it declareth that year to be Leap-year. Note, When you come to the year 1686, which is the last year in the Table, you must begin again, and must call the year 1659. 1687. and so continue the Table for ever.   

The use of the perpetual Almanac.  
HAving by the former directions found the Sunday letter, look in the Almanac what day of the week standeth under that letter, for that is the day of the week representeth by the figures under every month. Example. 1659. the Sunday letter is B under which is Friday, therefore the figures 18. 15. 22. 29. which stand under April and July do represent the Fridays of those months: so likewise the figures 4. 11. 18. 25. which stand under March, November, and February do represent the Fridays in those months, and so of the rest. And the Fridays in every month of the year being thus discovered, the other days are easily known; for if the fourth of March or the first month be Friday, the fifth must be Saturday, the 6th. Sunday, the 7th. Monday, the 8th. Tuesday, etc.  
Only, Note, that if it be Leap-year there are two Sunday letters, each of which will give you a several day, as in the year 1660 the Sunday letters are A G, the letter gives me Saturday, which serves for January and February, and G gives me Sunday, which serveth for all the year after.    

A Definition, Explanation, and Description of several Names, or Terms, of Water and Land.  
THe Terrestrial, or Eartly Globe, is defined to be a Spherical, or round Body, proportionably composed of Earth and Water: A Figure of which you have expressed at a corner of the Map. The Earth is first to be considered, and is affirmed by the latest, best, and most ●●arned Writers, to be in compass 21600 English 〈◊〉; and plainly appears thus: Every of the greater Circles, contain 360 degrees, every degree being accounted 60 English miles, let 360 be multiplied by 60, and the sum or product, will be 21600 as was aforesaid. The Earth is divided into real and imaginary parts: and these usually and commonly into Continents and Islands.  
A Continent is a great quantity of Land, not separated, or interlaced by any Sea from other parts of the World: in which are contained many Countries or Kingdoms; as Europe, Asia, or as the Countries of France, Germany, Tartary, or the like.  
An Island is a part of Land, environed, or encompassed round about with Water; as England and Scotland together; or, as Ireland alone. And these are subdivided, or again divided into Peninsula's, Isthmus, and Promontories. A Peninsula is almost an Island; that is to say a Tract, or part of Land, which is but almost encompassed with Water, being joined to the firm Land by some little part of Land, or Isthmus; as Morea in Greece, etc. An Isthmus is a little narrow neck of Land, which joineth any Peninsula to the Continent; as the straits of Corinth in Greece, and Dariena in America. A Promontory is a high Mountain, which shooteth itself into the Sea: the utmost end of which is called a Foreland, or Cape; as the Cape of Good-hope, Cape Verde in Africa, and St. Michael's Mount in England. There are also other real parts of the Earth; as Plains; Vallayes, Hills, Woods, and the like: but these are so well known by every one, that they need no explanation. The second real part of the Globe is Water: which is divided into Ocean, Sea, a Strait, a Creek, or Bay, and Lake.  
1 The Ocean is a general collection of Water, which environeth or encompasseth the Earth on every side.  
2. The Sea is a part of the Ocean, to which we cannot come, but through some strait, as the Mediterranean sea, the Black-sea, the Red-sea, etc. Now it is plain and certain, that divers and sundry names have been given to the Sea, as well as to the Earth, taken either from the Country's and places adjoining to, or watered by it; as the Brittish-sea, the Spanish-sea, the Indian-sea, etc. or from the divers Climates, Situation, or parts of the World: from whence came the North-sea, the East-sea, the West-sea, the South-sea, Mare del Nort, Mare del Zur: The Sea which floweth between Europe, Africa, and Asia, is called the Mederiterraneum, or Midland Sea, because it lieth as it were between the aforesaid places. She hath sometimes her name from the colour, as the Red-sea, (which also called Arabian Gulf) not that the Water is red, but the Red sand which lieth under it, make it to appear so. Moreover, it takes its name oftentimes from the nature, effects, and events of things: as appears in that which did be fall the Spaniard, in the Sea between Spain and the Canaries, or fortunate Islands: for they carrying over a great company of Mares, to put in the places they had taken, (which were destitnte of them) that they might there increase and multiply, and because by tempest they were drowned in the Sea: they called it the Gulf of Mares. About the North-pole, it is called the frozen Sea, because it is there almost always frozen.  
3. A Strait is a part of the Ocean, restrained within narrow bounds, and opening a way to the sea, as the straits of Gibraltar, and the straits of Magellaniea.  
4. A Creek or Bay, is a crooked shore, thrusting out as it were two arms, to embrace the sea; as the Corinthian and Persian Creeks: also Button's and Hudson's Bay.  
5. A Lake is a great Collection, or gathering of Water, which hath no visible intercourse with the sea: as the Lake of Lough-Neauh in Ireland, the Dead-sea in the Land of Canaan, and the Caspian-sea: though by reason of the bigness of the two last, they are called seas. And hereunto belong Rivers, Brooks and the like, which are so well known by every man, that we will pass them over without more ado.  

Of the flowing and ebbing of the Sea.  
You must know that it is not always alike: for in divers places it doth increase for the space of 6 whole hours, and decrease as many: but in the Promontory of Erithrem, in Africa, commonly called Cabo Rosso, it increaseth 4 hours, and decreaseth 8. In divers places it keeps always at one state, without ebbing or flowing. And so at the Cape called Das Palmas, it runs still towards the East, although by virtue of the first mobile, or chief movable, and of the Moon, the whole Sea seems to move towards the West: Notwithstanding, when by interposition of the Earth, she is hindered from her natural course, it cometh to pass, that her course is variable, not only in the aforesaid places, but also in many others. For the same cause it is, that about Florida the Sea runs still towards the North without any return; and so the course hath been observed to be divers, according to the diversity of places. It must also be observed, that the Sea doth move otherwise at the full Moon, than it doth when it is but half: for there is more strength in a full light, then in that which is almost extinguished. There is also a certain place in Norway, called Maelstroom, within which the Sea flowing is in such sort swallowed up by a Gulf, that it is never seen afterwards. The like is to be seen in the Boddick Gulf.   

Of the deepness of the Sea.  
It must also be understood, that it is not every where equal, for it is less in the Ocean then in the Mediterranean Sea. The Seas which the Spaniards call Del Nor, and Deal Zur, are in such sort covered with green Reeds, that the ships seem rather to sail upon green Meadows, then upon the Waters.   

Of the fruitfulness, and richness of the Sea.  
And this is no less different, according to the diversity of places then of the Earth; for they who have sailed through the Sea, which is between Spain and America, say, that they have often made above 100 Leagues, without seeing one fish: and contrariwise in their places, there are such abundance to be seen, that it is wonderful: which hath been well known by the those who have sailed towards the North Coasts of America; and above all, towards Newfound Land, which for the abundance of fish is called De Baccalos. Moreover, one would think that Nature hath taken delight, in counterfeiting in the Sea, many things which are seen on the Earth. For as touching fourfooted Beasts, you shall find therein the Elephant, the Hog, the Schel-crab, the Dog, the Calls, the Horse, the Cow, and many other the like things. And as for Feathered Fowels, there is the Hawk, the Swallow, and others: yea, the very likeness and image of man. The ancient Writers, as also the late, do likewise affirm, That there are Meirmaids in the Sea, which have at sundry times showed themselves in divers places, (as Peter Launy affirms) by the testimony of many, (to whom I remit the doubtful Reader.) And finally, the Sea brings forth also divers Plants; as Coral, Pearls, Amber, Sponge, and many other things, both delightful and necessary for man's use.   

Of the Circles in the Map, and their Use.  
The imaginary parts of the Earth, are such, as though not in the Earth, yet must be supposed to be so, for the understanding of this Science; and are certain Circles going about the Earth answerable to them, which the Astronomers attribnte to the Heavens: That bigger Line which crosseth both Planispheres, in the Map, strait along in the midst, dividing (as it were) the World into two halves; that is to say, North and South, is called the Equinoctial, Equator, or middle Line; because when the Sun is come thereto, which is on the 11th. of March, and 12th. of September: the day and night is of equal length over all the World, and this is the great, fixed, and  Circle, which goes round about the Earthly Globe, from East to West, and passeth through Bornea, Upper-Ethiopia, and Guinea: as you may see in the Map. This Line is full of black and white spots, or spaces (to the number of 360:) which are called Degrees, and a degree consists of 60 minutes, and contains 60 miles; for as much as a minute is accounted a mile.— The use hereof is to show the Latitude of any Country, Place, or City, (that is) the distance of them towards the North or South, from the Equator, which is reckoned on the Meridian, towards either Pole. Those therefore have North latitude, that inhabit or dwell between the middle Line, and the North Pole: and those South latitude, who dwell between the Equinoctial, and South Pole.  
The Meridian is a great Circle compassing round the Earth, from Pole to Pole, and is that which you see in the Circumference of the two Planispheres of the Map. But there are many Meridian's, according to the divers places in which a Man lives: but the chief and fixed passeth through St. Michael's, one of the Azores Isles. The use of the Meridian is to show the Longitude of any Country, Place, or City: Now the Longitude is the distance of it East or West, from the great and fixed Meridian: and this distance, or longitude is measured and numbered on the middle Line, or Equator, by 10, 20, etc. from the great and fixed Meridian, to the numbers of 360, into which the whole Compass of the Earth is divided, An Example shall be this: Look for England, and you will see that it is a little East of the second Meridian: then follow that Line to the Equator, and look there as much Eastward, as England is from the Meridian above, and count or reckon the degrees thereon, from the great and fixed Meridian, to that place, and you will see that it is about 22; and this is the longitude of England: but than you must note, that we mean the middle thereof. All the other small Lines that go through the Map, from North to South, are also called Meridian's. We will give you an Example, both of the longitude and latitude together. Suppose, you would know in what degree of longitude and latitude the middle of Ireland is; First, then look for Ireland, and you will see it is North of the fifth parallel: then follow that Line to the Meridian, and you will see that it is about 51: Then cast your eye to the middle of Ireland, and you will see that it is about 52: Then look towards the West, and you will perceive that it lies somewhat East of the first Meridian: Then follow it down to the Equator, and so look as much East there as Ireland is above, and you will see that the middle thereof is about 52, which is the longitude thereof: so that the middle of Ireland is about the 52 degree of latitude, and thus you may easily find any other place or City. And this may serve for a Rule, to know the length and breadth of any Country; for as much as every degree is reckoned for 60 miles, as was said before. Those small Lines thwarting or crossing the Meridian, from East to West, are called parallels, or equidistances, being distant one from another 10 deg. towards each Pole, and are for the easy and ready finding out of the latitude of any place from the equator. As for example, look for England, and count the parallels or equidistances, till you come to the parallel, which is nearest to it, and you will find them to be 5: Then follow that line to the meridian, and you will see the figure set thereat is 50: so that you will find the latitude, or distance, (for they are both as one) of England, from the Equator, towards the North-pole, to be 50 degr. and better: but then this (you must note) is the South part of England, and so in the like manner may you find any other place. But there is another sort of parallels, which are called Artificial Parallels, for that they show the difference of Artificial Days: the use of which, is to show the Climates.   

Of Climates.  
A Climate is a space of Earth, included within two of the Artificial, or lesser parallels, and are declared and set forth in the Circumference of the Eastern Planisphere of the Map. The use thereof is to show the length and shortness of the Day, in all the several parts of the World. Now under the Equinoctial line and 10 Degrees on North, and as many on the Southside thereof, the days exceed not the length of 12 hours; but afterwards they increase the length of half an hour in every Clime, till they come to 24 hours without night, (and are so marked, showed, or declared, as you may see in the utmost Circumference of the Map) which length attained, they increase no more by hours, but by weeks and months, until they come to the length of half a year: so as there are two sorts of Climates; that is to say, 24 North, and as many South, from the Equator: (touching the names of which, we will refer you to larger Volumes and discourses.) By which it appears, that they who dwell under the same Latitude of the Poles, have the same length of day and night: But to them on the South of the Equator, the day is shortest, then with us (on the North) it is at the longest; and our Winter is their Summer, and so contrariwise their Winter is our Summer, etc.   

Of the Tropics.  
The Tropic of Cancer, or the Crab, is a Circle, (or rather (for distinction) a double Circle, or Line) which is distant from the Equinoctial, or middle Lines towards the North, about 23 degrees and a half: Now when the Sun is come thither, which is on the 11th. of June than is the day longest with us, who live on the North of the Equator, and shortest to them on the South thereof. This Line passeth through New Spain, Arabia, and India. The Tropic of Capricorn is a like Circle to that of Cancer, and is distant from the Equator 23 degrees and a half towards the South, (being just as much as Cancer is towards the North) when the Sun is gone down thither, which on the 12 or 13 of Decemb. then are the day's shortest with us who dwell on the North, and longest with them who dwell on the South thereof. This Line passeth through Ethiopia the Lower, and Peru. The Arctic or North-Polar Circle, is a like Line or Circle, as the Tropic of Cancer; and it is distant from the North Pole 23 degrees and a half. It passeth through Tartary, Norway, Greenland, and some part of the unknown Land, as you may see in the Map. The Antarctick, or South Polar Circle, is a like Line or Circle, to the North Polar Circle; and is distant from the South Pole 23 degrees and about a half, (being just so much as the North-polar Circle is distant from the North-pole) and passeth through the South unknown Land.   

Of Zones.  
Now the use of these four Circles, of Cancer, Capricorn, the Arctic and Antarctick) are to show the five parts, called Zones: whereof there are two temperate, the one North, the other South: two frozen or cold; one of them also North, and the other South, and one hot, or scorched. The North temperate Zone, is that part or space, contained between the Tropic of Cancer, and the North-Polar Circle. The South temperate Zone, is that space contained between the Tropic of Capricorn, and the South-polar Circle. They are called temperate, because the Air thereof is more moderate, and of a better temper, being neither so very hot, as the scorched Zone, nor so extreme cold as the frozen Zones.  
The torrid, burnt, or hot Zone is that space contained between the two Tropics of Cancer, and Capricorn, and is continually scorched with the Sun, which doth always pass over it, afflicting it with a marvellous heat and downright Rays: the breadth hereof comprehendeth 47 degrees, or 2820 miles, every degree being 60 miles, as hath been said already. The North Frigid, frozen, or cold Zone, is that space contained within the Arctic, or North-Polar Circle: the breadth whereof from the very Pole itself, is 23 degrees and a half, which is 1410 miles. The South frigid, frozen, or cold Zone, is that space or part between the Antarctick, or South Polar Circle, and hath the same breadth as the North Frozen Zone hath from the North-Pole: namely 23 degrees and a half, or 1410 miles.   

The Division of the World.  
The World is commonly divided into the known and unknown parts: the latter whereof we will pass by▪ forasmuch as time and opportunity hath not discovered it, and only refer you to the Map, by which you may see that it lieth towards the Poles, but chief towards the South-pole.  
The known World is divided into these four parts: EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AMERICA: and each of these contain several Countries and Islands.  

EUROPE  
Contains England, Ireland, Scotland, and their Isles: Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Germany, Holland, Denmark, and Norway, Swedland, Poland, Hungary, Slavonia, Transilvania, Greece, Dacia, Russia, and their Isles.   

ASIA  
Contains Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Arabia, Caldea, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Turcomania, Media, Persia, Tartary, Shiria, India, and many Islands.   

AFRICA  
Comprehends Egypt, Barbary, Numidia, Libya, the land of Negroes, upper, and lower Ethiopia, with divers Islands.   

AMERICA  
(Or the New World) not to speak of it, as some divide it, into North and South: for by the Map you may see, how it lies: the several Countries comprehended therein, are Estotiland, Terra Corterealis, Canada, New Scotland, Norumbega, New England, New netherlands, Virginia, Florida, New Albion, New Spain, Guatimalia, Golden Castille, Paria, Guiana, New Granada, Peru, Chile, Paragnay, Brasile, and many Islands: as Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica, and divers others, as you will find in their proper place.    

Of the Wind.  
It is a hot and dry Exhalation drawn into the air by the power of the Sun: and by reason of the weight thereof, (being driven down) is carried side-long about the Earth: but this must be understood of general winds, which blow over all the Earth, or at the least some great Countries. For there are a second sort of winds, which are peculiar only to some Countries, and those not very large, which are begot on this manner. It is confessed, that in the Globe of the Earth there are wonderful holes, wherein when air aboundeth, (and cannot abide to be shut up) findeth some little hole, or as it were a mouth, to breathe, or break out at: In (or about) those Countries bloweth vehemently; but that force extendeth not far, for it is like wind that cometh out of Bellows. This wind therefore differeth from the general winds, both in substance and quality: for the matter of them is an exhalation, and the quality such as the nature of the exhalation, very airy, but not indeed air. There is also a third sort of wind, which is a gentle and cool moving of the air, coming from no certain place, yet is felt in the shade under trees, but in the open Sun it is not perceived: it cometh whisking suddenly, (very pleasant in the heat of summer) and ceaseth presently again. This is no wind properly, but a moving of the air by some occasion.  
1. The North wind is cold and dry, but serene, clear, wholesome, and a preserver of things from corruption: yet through the extremity of cold, it ofttimes proves hurtful to flowers, and new-budded fruits. 2. The South wind is hot and moist, and by reason of its moisture, it is not only hurtful to seeds and fruits, but to living creatures, and begets dark and cloudy air, which is for the most part accompanied with rain, unless it keeps generally blowing, and then it produceth clearness, but a stifling heart, and stirs up many diseases, as fevers, pestilence, and other contagious griefs. 3. The West wind is moist, and temperately watery, and hath many favourable and cherishing blasts: yet stireth up both rain and thunder. 4. The East wind is very hot, and intemperately dry; yet very pleasant, pure, and wholesome: (but chief in the morning) for it preserves the body sound, and in winter it produceth frost. These are the four chief, or principal. The secondary are,  
1. The North-East wind is dry and cold, and partakes of the temper both of North and East: it stirs up clouds, and sometimes produceth snow. 2. The North-West is cloudy, moist, and stormy, and usually makes an unquiet and turbulent air. 3. The Southeast is cloudy, dark, and somewhat moist, begetting rain, but not so, common as the South. 4. The South-west is evil, moist begetting clouds and showers, and turns fair weather into foul and tempestuous, though not so much as the South. As for the rest, we will only name them; East North-East, North North-East, North North-West, West South-West, South South-west, South Southeast, West North-west, East Southeast, East and by North North-East by East, North-East, North-East by North, Northwest, Northwest by North, West by North, Northwest by West, South-west by West, West by South, South-west by South, South by West, South by East, Southeast by South, Southeast by East, East by South. But in the plain and open South-sea, between the two Tropics, (by virtue of the first movable) the wind doth continually blow from the East to the West: as also in the  and Indick, unless it be when it comes nearer the Land, where it oftentimes changeth: For the wind which taketh his beginning from the vapours which are lifted on high (either by the inequality which is between the mountains and the valleys, by the lakes and rivers, or by something else unknown to men) stretcheth in some sort his strength from the earth, and also in the two Tropics. And for this cause in the East-sea (where there are many Promontories, and divers Islands) the wind in certain months of the year, blows still from the East; and the other months, continually from the North.   

Of the Sea-Compasse.  
It will not be amiss to add here some things of the deviation, or going out of the way of the Sea-Compasse, for the help and aid of the Mariners. For these observations are not forged lies, or untruths of the Mariners, to cover their error: (as Peter de Medina would make us believe.) Neither doth it come to pass, by the default of the Aiman stone, too long using it; (as Peter Novin is persuaded) or because it was not well set at the first, (as others would have it) it is so carried naturally. There are none that hitherto have atteined to the knowledge of the true cause of it; for it hath been found to be, even as many other the like secret and miraculous works of Nature; namely, that men are blind in the knowledge of them, and their shallow understanding cannot comprehend them. True it is, that some have laboured to give certain Canons and Laws of this deflexion, as if it were regular, or ordinary, but all in vain; for Experience hath taught us, that it is irregular, and without order: and not only that Experience which is made by the Mariners, (by some gross and unlearned conjecture, which oftentimes is far from truth) but also by the most careful and diligent observations that have been thereof. And if from those Islands which they call Azores, the Compass goeth not from the Meridian: namely, between Fayal, and Flores; as appears by the observations that have been made thereof. And if from those Islands you sail towards the East, the point which looketh on the North doth turn itself a little towards the East. To London, in England, it goeth from the true Meridian 11 degrees; to Antwerp in Brabant, 9 degrees. If from the same Islands you take your course towards the West, the same point shall turn on the West. In the seashore of America, about the latitude of 36 degrees, it is gone from the true Meridian more than 11 degrees. Beyond the Aequator, it falls altogether otherwise. About the last Promontory of Brasil, toward the East, (commonly called Cabo Frio) it turns from the Meridian 12 degrees, if not more. And in the East parts of the straits of Magellan, 5 or 6 degrees. And if from the said Promontory of Brasil, you sail towards the North into Africa, this deflexion shall increase to the 17th and 18th degree, which hapeneth to that Meridian, which is a little distance of the same that passeth beyond the Azores: from thence the deflexion doth increase to 9 or 10 degrees. By the Island of S. Helen somewhat to the West, from thence it decreaseth unto the River de las Agulias, all which deflexion is to the East. These things are well known to us, and have been tried by careful observations, (in as much as the perfection required to the Sea-Compass doth permit) and calculated by the doctrine of Spherical Triangles, by the most Learned Mathematician Robert Hues: By all doth appear, that the Reports which are made of this deflexion, are partly false, and partly suspected.   

Of the four Seasons, or Quarters of the Year.  
1 The SPRING gins the 11th. of March, and continueth till the Sun doth come to Cancer, which is the 11th. of June; This quarter is generally both hot and moist, but constant to neither, being sometimes hot, sometimes cold, and other whiles moist: but heat now hath some sway, by reason of the Sun's elevation, and daily ascension toward us. This quarter at the beginning, (whilst the Sun passeth through the sign Aries) is more moist than hot; In the middle, of a good even temper, both for heat and moisture; but in the end more hot than moist; at which time, we have frequent winds, by reason of the temper of the Air.  

Conjectures on the Spring.  
If the Spring be over-moist, it prenotes or signifies fewness of Fruit, and much putrefaction in what there is. If it be too hot, the Trees shoot out leaves, and Flowers come to a sudden ripeness, sooner than ordinary, though it may be a pleasant season, yet will not Fruit retain their quality and taste. A cold and dry Spring much hurts the Fruit, and make it lateward.  
2 The SUMMER gins the 11th. of June, and continues till the 12 of Septemb. It is hot and dry, and now we are not troubled with many Winds, especially in the midst hereof.   

Conjectures on Summer.  
A wet and hot Summer begets many diseases, scarcity of Corn, and putrefies Fruit: If it be to dry, a Dearth oftentimes follows, but plenty of Summer Fruit, which being too eagerly eaten, oft engender, or beget many hurtful Diseases: And a cold Summer makes Fruit lateward; but proves a fruitful season.  
3 AUTUMN gins the 12 of September, and ends the 12 of December: it is cold and dry, and hath many Winds, At the beginning, dryness is most predominant: in the midst, much like: but at the latter end, more cold than dry.   

Conjectures on Autumn.  
If it be moister than usually, it is wont to corrupt the Grapes: If wet fall at the latter end hereof, beware of scarcity the year following: if it be hot, unhealthful, and if too cold, a hazard to Fruits.  
4 WINTER begins the 12 of December, and continues till the 11 of March. It is cold and moist.   

Conjectures on Winter.  
A cold and dry Winter is wholesome; for it purifies & cleanseth the Air: but if it prove hot and moist, it is both unwholesome, and hurtful to the Corn; frequency of Wind is hurtful to all manner of Fruits; a want thereof brings as much damage to all kinds of Grain: but if the whole year be calm and very quiet, you may suspect that a Pestilence will range up and down, Although these four Seasons, Quarters, differ something every year; yet while the Earth remaineth, seedtime and Harvest; Cold and Heat, Summer and Winter, and Day and Night shall not cease, Gen 8. 22.    

Of the Heavens and Elements, according to Ptolemy's Figure thereof.  
The whole World is divided into 2 parts, that is to say, Elemental, and Celestial: The Elemental part is divided into 4 parts, namely, Earth, Water, Fire, and Air; as you may see in the round figure of the Heavens, and and Elements: the inmost or middle most containing Water, and Earth, intermingled together: next the Air, and next to it the Element of Fire, as you may there see, each having its name set in the proper place, to which I will refer you: and here chief describe them.  
1 The EARTH is dry and cold; an Element differing from Air, agreeable with Fire, in dryness: with Water, in coldness; and it is more of a dry quality, and less of a cold. The Circuit of the Earth is 21600 miles; but the Diameter is 6872: so that 3436 will reach the middle. In the middle thereof is eternal Fire and Hell, which is the bottomless Pit of the damned. 2 The WATER is cold and moist, an Element differing from the Fire, agreeable with earth in coldness; with Air moisture; and is more cold, and less moist. 3 FIRE it hot and dry, an element differing from Water, and agreeable with the Air in heart, and with earth in dryness; and it participates more of heat and less of dryness. The AIR is hot and moist, and element differing or disagreeable from the earth, and agreeable with Water, in moistness; and with Fire, in heat, and hath more of moisture, and less of heat.  
1 The MOON, the lesser light, like no mean Princess, ordained or placed between the Sun and the other Planets, doth govern the earthly Region, disposing and ordering days by a manifest change and alteration; She is less than the earth 39 times, and compasseth 12 degrees with the beams: she goes about the Zodiac in the space of a month, is a friend to Jupiter Venus, and Saturn: and enemy to Mercury, and Mars: She is Female, Night-shining, cold and moist, having somewhat variable qualities in her quarters: as the sun by quarters doth change the times of the year: she is a conveigher of all the virtues or forces, and impressions of other Planets. Of Colours, she hath yellow; in man, she hath the Brain; in woman, the womb: in both, the stomach, belly, and the tuition of the left part  
2 MERCURY is 19 times lesser than the Earth, he casteth his Rays 7 degrees, and makes his course nearly with the Sun and Venus: he is a Friend to Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn, and enemy to the Sun, Moon, and Mars: He is a mixed Planet, male with male, and female with females: Hot with hot, and moist with moister Planets. According to some, he rules the Thighs, Navel, Privity, Legs, Sinews, and Veins. According to others, (and more rightly) he possesseth the Mouth, Tongue, Cogitation, and Memory: also the Hands and Legs: and Colours, all mixed and various.  
3 VENUS, is 6 times less than the earth, she equals her course with the Sun, and is friend to all Planets, except Saturn: she is female, night-shining, cold and moist, temperately phlegmatic, and rules or keeps the Loins, Reins, Haunches, Privities, and matrix: of Colours, she holds white, declining unto green.  
4 The SUN, the greater Light, is Lord of perfection, and King of Nature, the Author of Times, Generation, and Life; the greatest of all the Planets, exceeding the earth 30 times, or more: with his Orb and Beams, he possesseth 15 degrees, going about the earth in 365 days, and almost 6 hours, which is the compass of a year. He is a friend to Jupiter and Venus, an enemy to Mars and Mercury, and is a Masculine day-shining Planet, moderately hot and dry. He keeps the Brain, Marrow, Sinews, the right eye of a man, and the left of a woman, and holds the yellow colour mixed with red.  
5 MARS is the Lord of War; he equals the earth once with an half, and an 8 part. With his beams he compasseth 8 degrees and is 13 times less than the earth: he compasseth the Zodiac in almost 2 years. He is only a friend to Venus, all the rest are his enemies, but especially Jupiter, and Sol. He is a Male Planet, night-shining, immoderately hot and dry; predominant over the left Ear, the Veins, the Gall, and the Stones: Of Humours, he hath Choler; and of Colours, red.  
6 JUPITER is 14 times greater than the earth: In the bigness of his Orb, he is 9 degrees, and goes about the Zodiac in 12 years. He is a friend to all Planets, except Mars, and is a masculine Planet, shining by night, hot, moist, sanguine complexioned; he rules the Liver, the Lungs, the Ribs, the Gristles, the Blood, and the Seed: He hath Citron, or Orange colour, or grey and green.  
7 SATURN is a male Planet, and the highest of all: In bigness 22 times greater than the earth: the Circuit of his Orb is 9 degrees; he compasseth the Zodiac in 30 years, and is a friend to Jupiter, the Sun, and Moon; an enemy to Venus and Mars; an adversary to Humany Learning, destroying life; he is malevolent, cold, and dry: Of all the members of man, he hath the right Ear, the Spleen, and the Bladder: of Humours, he hath Melancholy, with commixture of Phlegm: and of colours, he hath black.  
8 Is the Sphere of the fixed Stars, commonly called The Starry Firmament: and performeth his motion in 7000 years.  
9 Is called, The Crystalline Heaven▪ or 2 movable, his motion is almost immensible, and is called, The trembling Motion: and is said to be performed, (by later Astronomers) in 49000 years.  
10 Is called, The first movable Heaven, containing the rest within it: and removing from the East to the West, carrieth about with it inviolably, all the other Spheres: whose motion is contrary from the West, to the East: and do differ much in their motion, as you may see by what hath been said.  
The 11. is called, The Imperial or highest Heaven, where God, and his Angels are said to dwell.   

Of the Eclipse.  
The word Eclipse, is as much as to say, want of light, as when a thing is darkened, or hid from our sight.   

Of the Eclipse of the SUN.  
The SUN is said to be eclipsed, when the Moon cometh directly between the Sun and the Earth, or our sight: And the reason why we have not an Eclipse of the Sun, every new Moon, is because the Moon's latitude carries her beyond the Bounds, in which an Eclipse happens (that is when she is somewhat far distant from the Head and Tail of the Dragon.   

Of the MOON's Eclipse.  
The MOON is said to be eclipsed when the dark Body of the Earth comes directly between the Sun and Moon, and so hindereth the Beams of the Sun from the Moon: and thus the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon are caused, as by the Figures thereof, at the lower end of this Map doth appear.   

Of the effects of the Eclipses.  
When there happens an Eclipse of the Sun or Moon if Mars shall be Ruler thereof, he signifies house-burning and quarrels, etc. If Saturn be Ruler thereof, he signifies overflowing of Water, Earthquakes, Famine, and dangerous diseases. If Venus or Jupiter are Rulers, they signify plenty of all things. Hermes saith, If there happen two Eclipses in one month, they signify many troubles and controversies. But we must not be overcurious in the search, (nor too confident in the event) of things. For that secret things belong unto the Lord, and revealed unto us, Deut. 29. 29.   

Of the Blazing Stars or Comets.  
They are flames drawn into the higher parts of the Air: which come by dryness, and long quietness in the Air: and signify corruption in the Air to follow, and are either signs of Earthquakes, and dearth of Corn, or Wars, and dearth. There happened one in the year 1618. from the 18 of November, to the 16 of December following, it was seen all over Europe.   

Of the Firmaments, and Constellations.  
The two Hemispheres in the middle of the Map, one above, and another below, filled with shapes or pictures, of men, beasts, birds, fish, and the like, embossed with Stars, to show the names of the several Stars, and other things, to large for present discourse, and hard to be understood by ordinary capacities.    

A View of EUROPE, (or, as we may call it, The Christian World; because all the Kings and Rulers thereof, do not only allow, but profess the same.)  
EUROPE (bounded, as in the Map is showed and expressed) though it be the least, (being but 2800 miles in length, & in breadth 1200) yet doth it carry the name of the most happy part of all the World, for Her plenty of Grain, , Fruits, Rivers, and Fountains of most excellent virtue; being also richly furnished with beautiful Cities, Castles, Houses, and men very expert in Arts and Sciences: She wants nothing but what she may well spare; as precious Jewels, which have brought in vain, and useless Pride; and Wild-Beasts, which cause Deserts in the place where they breed: Yet of Silver, Gold, and other Metals, she hath her share. It was first inhabited by the Sons of Japhet, (as is granted by the best Historians.) But we shall more fully describe it in Her several Countries,  
ENGLAND, (not to spend time to show how it hath had its alterations, and changes of Government) (as well as others) is bounded on the East with the Germane Ocean; on the West, with the Irish Sea; on the South, with the British Sea; and on the North, with the Rivers of Tweed and Solway: It is situated in a sweet, temperate, and wholesome Air, and is exceeding fruitful in Wheat and other Grain; and hath not only many pleasant Valleys, furnished with goodly Rivers, plentifully stored with Fish; but divers Hills, on which are fed innumerable Flocks of Sheep, bearing fine Wool, of which is made Cloth, which serves not only themselves, but is also transported into other Parts. The Men are brave Warriors, both by Sea and Land; as (the Scots, Irish and French formerly, and) the Dutch of late have felt. Neither have the Spaniards fared much better than the rest; for they sent John of Gaunt home with 8 Wagons laden with Gold, and he was to have an Yearly Pension of 10000 Marks. The Women are not inferior to, if not before, any other Parts, and they have been of high esteem amongst Foreign Nations for their modesty, though of late much addicted to the light garb of the French: and as they are the handsomest, so are their privileges the greatest of any; for it is a byword with the Italians, That if there were a Bridge made over the narrow Seas, all the Women of Europe would run into England; for here they have the upper-end at the Table; the upperhand in the streets; the thirds of their Husband's Estates; and in a word, it is a Paradise for Women. And although their Nobles are many, yet their Powers are limited. The whole Land is divided into 40 Shires, and those have 6 Judges for the ending of Controversies: two whereof, are to administer Justice in the chief Town of every Shire twice a year. And although it had but two Universities, yet they exceed ten of most other Countries. The Revenues hereof in Henry the 7. time, were said to be 40000 Crowns yearly, and improved by Henry the 8th, to a Million more. The Gospel was first preached here by Joseph of Arimathea, which they do still profess, and in a good degree keep to, though there be many who differ in Opinion. Their Religion, at the present, is called Independency, because they give liberty of Conscience: but the Government Presbyterial. From hence is not only sent Woollen-Cloth, as was said before, but Stuffs, Saffron, Liquorish, Tin, Led, Wheat, Barley, and good Beer, (as the Dutchmen know full well.) Herein are also many Rivers, sweet Springs, excellent Fountains, healthful Baths, populous Cities, commodious Havens: and, in a word, there is hardly any Country in the Universe, (all things considered) on which God hath bestowed larger bounties.  
IRELAND is on all sides environed with the Sea, and is a most fruitful and pleasant Country; the Air temperate, being warmer in Winter, and cooler in Summer, then in England: The Soil is fit for Pasture, than Tillage. Herein are many Rivers and Lakes, which are abundantly stored with Fish: as also Fowl in good plenty, and great store of Cattle; but the breed is less than in England, except Grayhounds. The People, (I mean the Irish) are strong, nimble, haughty, greedy of glory, patiented in Cold and Hunger, careless of their lives, and leight of belief, much addicted to Customs; one whereof is, That they kneel down to the Moon, desiring her to leave them, in as good health as she found them. One of the many Rarities I will recite, is, 3 Lakes in the Country of Meath, not far a sunder, and have an intercourse of Waters, but of so different natures, that the Fish which are proper to the one, will not live in the other. Their Government is by one supreme Magistrate, called the Lord Deputy; the profit of the Custom is said to amount to 30000 li. yearly. From hence are sent Rugs, Mantles, Honey, Herrings, etc. And in brief, Nature hath enriched it beyond most others.  
SCOTLAND is surrounded with the Sea on all sides, except on the South, where it is separated from England, by the Rivers of Solway and Tweed: It is divided into the Highlands and Lowlands, Northern and Southern: for the most part, especially the North, it is so barren, that it is hardly able to afford sustenance for the people, were they not patiented in hunger and want: Nor hath it much Fruit, nor many Trees: the people for the most part holding the Land at the Will of their Landlord, and so not encouraged to plant: Their chief Commodities are course Cloth, Hides, Malt, Fish, and Sea-Coal.  
WALES is encompassed with the Sea, except towards England; from which it was anciently divided by the River Why, and a Line drawn to the River Dee: The whole Country is mountainous and barren, scarce able to maintain the people, but that its defect is helped by some Silver Mines, which were of late found out: It hath many Rivers, which afford good store of Fish. Their Commodities are Frizes and Cottons; the People much given to passion, but soon appeased.  
The Isles belonging to Great Britain, are, the Sorlings, Garnsey, Jersey, Wight, Orcades, Hebrides, Man, Anglesey, and many others; as you may see in that new Map of England, Scotland and Ireland, called, The Plain Man's Map; to which we will refer you.  
SPAIN is bounded on the East with the Mediterranean Sea, on the West with Portugal, and the Atlantic Ocean; on the South, with the straits of Gibraltar; and on the North with the Cantabrian Sea, and some part of France: The Air is very clear and calm: The People are said to descend from Goths, Moors and Jews: They are proud, melancholy, superstitious, conceited of themselves, great bragger's, very much given to Women, and are exceeding jealous of their Wives. The Women are sober, and loving both to their Husbands and Friends. The Soil for the most part, is overgrown with Woods, and is very mountainous, or of so hot a nature, and sandy, as not fit for Tillage; and by reason of the scarcity of Water, it is unfit for Pasture: Yet in some places, it is as fruitful as any part of Europe. Their Religion for a long time, hath been that of Rome; for such is the cruelty of their persecuting Inquisition, that some that are Papists, withstand it to the death. They are, by some, reckoned for good Soldiers, not for their valour, but because they are able to endure hardship. Their Commodities are Oranges, Lemons, Marble, Honey, and some Mines of Gold and Silver.  
PORTUGAL is bounded on the West & South, with the Atlantic Sea: on the East and North with Spain. The Soil is hilly, and bare of Corn; the Air healthy, the People more simple, and plain of beheaviour, than the Spaniard: for Religion, they are Papists, good Seafaring-men, and happy in discovering of Foreign Countries. Herein are divers Rivers, of which Nitinius is none of the least; for it is said to be Navigable with small Vessels near 100 miles, and is full of Red-Lead. Their chief Commodities are Oil, Wine, Allom, Honey, Saltfish, Silk, Marble, Fruit, and some Mines of Silver. This as well as the Low-Counrries, did once belong to the King of Spain.  
FRANCE is bounded on the East with some part of the Low-Countries, Germany and Italy: On the West, with the cantabrian Sea, and some part of Spain; On the South with the Mediterranean Sea; and on the North, with the British Sea. It is very fruitful in Wine, Salt, Beefs, Corn, Prunes, Woods, Nuts, Coral, Skins, Canvas, Sisers, Cards, and most kind of Mercery Ware: Having many illustrious Cities, exceedingly well peopled; as Paris, Rouen and others. Neither can it be wanting in Fish: for, besides the Seas here, are many Rivers, Ponds and Lakes. The People are said to be hot of nature, leight of carriage, curious of Palate, and therefore not able to endure hardship; and so, by consequence, not good Soldiers, but for a spir● only. The Women, generally, are strait of body, and personable, but somewhat inclining to swarfiness. The condition of the common people is miserable, for that they have great and uncertain Rests set by the Landlords (for the Husbandman is Tenant at their Will:) and because they have great Taxes laid upon them.  
The Christian Religion is said to be first planted here by some of St. Peter's Disciples; but at this time, they are accounted Papists, yet are they divided; for in the year 1560. there were said to be 1250 Protestant Churches, and it is conceived, that they are much increased, notwithstanding the Massacres they have suffered.  
ITALY is bounded on all sides with the Sea, except some part where it bordereth on France; and on the North, where it is separated by the Mountains, called the Alps, from Germany. It is as pleasant and fruitful a Country, as any in Europe, and yields not only Wine and Corn, but Silks, Satins, Velvets, Grograins, Rash, Bombasus, Taffetas, Wire of gold and silver, Alum, Galls, Drinking and Looking-Glasses of Venice. The people are witty, but deceitful, malicious, hot, and lascivious; in their Houses sumptuous, at Table neat, in expenses thrifty, and civil of carriage, unless to their Wives, of whom they are extreme jealous, (and haply not without cause) and will permit them liberty of Discourse with few or none, though they are said to be outwardly modest: but the Proverb is, That they are Magpies at the Door, Saints in the Church, Angels in the Streets, Goats in the Garden, Sirens in the Windows, and Devils in the House: Most of them use painting, most wickedly saying, That if God make them tall and plump, they will make themselves fair. The Language of both Sex is very courtly and fluent. They have twice given Laws to the powerful part of the then known World; once by their Valour, and once by their Wit: By which last, they have subjected great part of Christendom to the Pope. And as their Language is much changed, so is their Religion; for (as some say) the Gospel was first preached here by St. Peter; and as others say, by St. Paul: but one quaering the truth hereof, thus saith;  
That Simon Peter was at Rome, who knows?  
That Simon Magus was at Rome, Truth shows.  
But now they are Papists, and straightly kept thereto by the cruel bloody Inquisition: so as they dare not hearken to any other, though never so good reason be given for it.  

Of the Isles belonging to Italy.  
CORSICA, which is hard to be come at, being enclosed on all sides with cliffs; and within for the most part mountainous, and therefore yields not much grain: only in some parts where the Country openeth itself, and is watered with Rivers, and maketh it fruitful: It hath good Wines, great store of Honey, Figs, Oil, Rozin.  
SARDINIA, the Air hereof is rough, and unwholesome; but neither Serpent nor Wolf, nor any other venomous or hurtful Beast, but the Fox only, and a little Creature like a Spider, which will by no means endure the Sun, except held by violence: it aboundeth in Fruit, Wine, Wheat, and some Mines: and affords great store of hunting, because it hath good plenty of Boars and Deer.  
SICILIA hath a good Air, and fruitful Soil, and the Corn yields abundance of Increase: It hath plenty of Fruits, great store of Honey, Sugar, Oil, Wines, Saffron, Salt, Alum: It produceth precious stones, as the Emraud, Jasper, and Marble-stones; and as well stored with Metals; for it hath Gold, Silver, and Iron: as also great Herds of Oxen, and other Cattle. And herein is the Mount Aetna, which some have taken to be Hell, and ignorant Papists Purgatory, because it sends forth continually streams of fire, which the brimstone there causeth: as is affirmed by good Authors. There be some other Isles of small note, which we will pass by.  
GERMANY is bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary, on the West with France and the Low-Countries; on the South with Itaely, and on the North with part of Denmark, and the Baltic or Swedish Sea: In the midst hereof, lieth Bohemia, in which stands Prague, where the Emperor commonly keeps his Court: it hath many stately Towns well fortified, and furnished with so many Castles and Villages, such abundance of people, and such politic Government, that she may compare with any. The Soil is fruitful in Corn and Wine: it hath many Navigable Rivers, stored with plenty of Fish, most excellent Fountains, and hot Baths, Mines of Copper, Led, Tin, Iron, and some of Silver and Gold. It hath many learned men, very skilful in all Sciences, and mechanical Arts. They were the Inventors of Gunpowder, and of the Noble Art of Printing. Their Women are of a good Complexion, but much given to eating and drinking, and so apt to fatness. The Title of the Father descends to all the Children: so that the Son of a Lord, is a Lord, which verifies the Italian Proverb, That the Dukes and Lords of Germany, the Dons of Spain, the Nobility of Hungary, the Monsieurs of France, the Knights of Naples, the Lairds of Scotland, the Bishops of Italy, and the younger Brethren of England, make a poor Company. In Religion they are reckoned for Protestants.  
HOLLAND (or the 17 Provinces of the Low-Countries) is counted a part of Germany: the Air is now more wholesome then formerly: for through the industry of the people, it is much drained: And in it are many Rivers, (as the Rhine▪ Mosella, Mosa and the Escant) plentifully stored with Fish. Here is also plenty of Corn and Cattle, many great Towns rich and well peopled. The Inhabitants are witty; for to them we are indebted for the making of Cloth, Clocks, Chariots, Pictures in Glass, Watches, and laying of Colours in Oil. They perfected the Mariners Compass, and have many Pilots well practised in the Art of Navigation. They are industrious in all Sciences, and Mechanical Arts, and have had a name for the Art Military. They are said to be mindless of good turns, and injuries done unto them. The first too true, the latter I fear not true enough.  
Their Women are of a good Complexion, and well proportioned, (though their Habit do not set them out so well as the French) familiar and active: for unto their good Housewifery are we beholden, for the making of Tapestries, Worsted and Says.  
From hence are sent all sorts of Commodities; as Fl●x, Linnen-Cloth, all kind of twisted Thread, Cables, Ropes, and other Ammunition belonging to Ships; Butter, Cheese, Fish, Tapes, and much Drapery Ware; Scarlet, Taffetas, Silks, Velvets, and divers others, though not many of their own growth; but most of the Stuffs fetched from other parts, and by them made up, and so carried into other Countries.  
Their Religion in the general, is the reformed, though they suffer all: and in Flanders and Artois, they are Papists.  
DENMARK and NORWAY we reckon both together, for that they belong to the King of Denmark: Towards the East they border upon Sweden, on the South upon Germany, and on the West and North with the Sea: That part called Norway, affords but little Corn, and the North thereof none at all: so that the poorer sort are said to use Stockfish dried, instead of Bread, (as they do in Ice-land) and have no night for almost three months together. The people generally are of good stature and complexion, healthful and long lived: for though they eat and drink much, yet have they good digestions. In managing their Affairs, they are subtle, strict in executing Justice, peremptory in maintaining their Opinions, good observers of their Words and Contracts, reasonable good Soldiers, but given to vaunting.  
Their Women are very fruitful in bearing Children, but not delivered without great pain. Of Complexion, they are fair, and are discreet in managing their Household Affairs.  
In Religion, they are Lutherans or Protestants, and their Church Government is by Arch-Bishops and Bishops. Their Commodities are Oxen, Barley, Malt, Stockfish, Tallow, Nuts, Tackling for Ships, as Masts & Cables; train-oil, rich Furs, Deal-Boards, Pitch, Tar, and such like.   

Of the Islands in the North-Sea, belonging to the King of D●nmark.  
ICE-LAND is situated, for the greater part, under the Arctic Circle, as you may see in the Map so called, for the abundance of Ice unto which it is subject, being constantly frozen for about 8 months, and is so vehemently cold with the North wind, that it affords neither Corn nor Trees, except Juniper: yet there is grass in good plenty, as also Horses, Oxen, and Kine without horns, sheep, white Ravens, white Falcons, white Bears, and white Hares; but the people are said to live on that which Nature gives them, without help of Art, more than the making of Butter and Cheese. They use neither Physician nor Physic; and yet it is reported, that many of them live to 150 years of age: few of them but have some familiar spirit. They have Necessaries brought to them by the Merchant, who hath given him in return thereof, sometimes Beefs and Muttons; but more ordinarily Brimston, Skins, Horses, Butter, and Fish chief. And notwithstanding the cold condition of this Country, it is full of heats and fires under the ground, occasioned (as is most probable) by those veins of Brimston on which the Hills stand. There is no difference between the Habits of the Men and Women.  
FRIESLAND (so called from the continual Frosts, to which it is subject) is situated farther from the Arctic, than Ice-land; the Soil so cold and barren, that it beareth neither Corn nor Fruit: The Inhabitants live most on Fish, which is the chief commodity to invite the Merchant.  
GROENLAND, the greater part, is situated within the Arctic, and is continually covered with Snow, (except June, July, and August) so that the people are clad in Skins and Furs, and dwell much in Caves, and are given to Necromancy. The chief place of note is St. Thomas his Monastery, which (as Mercator relates) is not far from a burning Mountain, standing upon hot scalding Springs, conveyed by Pipes of Stone into the Monastery, serving both for a Stove to warm them, and fire to heat their Victuals: The Walls of the Monastery are built of Pumice-stones, cast out of that Mountain: Which being tempered with the water of those Springs, doth make a glutinous substance, instead of Lime, and as durable: And the Garden, in regard of this heat, is stored with Herbs, and sweet Flowers all the year and the adjoining Sea, for the same reason, is never frozen, but affords both Fish and Fowl.  
SWEDELAND is bounded on the East with Russia, on the West with Denmark and Norway, on the South with the Baltic Sea; and on the North, with the North or Petzork Sea. The Air is pure, and not so extreme sharp as in Norway: though in some parts for want of care in opening and cleansing the Watercourses, there are great Mists and Fogs which do corrupt it.  
The people are naturally strong, active, (and so industrious and provident, that they have no beggars) Hospitable to strangers; and so healthful, that they live commonly to above 100 years of age.  
The Commodities (that the Country affords) are Barley, Malt, Steel, Led, Brass, Iron, Tallow, Nuts, Honey, costly Furs, Hides of Goats, Bucks, Elks, Oxen: as also plenty of Pinetrees, Firs and Oaks: Neither do their Lakes and Rivers want Fish. In Religion, they are Lutheran Protestant's, and are governed by Arch-Bishops, and Bishops.   

Of the Isles belonging to Sweden.  

1. The first is Oeland, of no great note, but that it is strongly garrisoned, and well fortified.  
2. The second Gothland; the Soil is very good, but not so much for Tillage, as Pasture, affording great store of Fish, plenty of Pitch, and very good Marble.   
POLAND is bounded on the East with Russia, on the West with Germany, on the South with Hungary, and on the North with the Baltic Sea, which divides it from Sweden. It is plain, but full of Woods, which are a good means to rectify the coldness of the Air. They have Barley, and Pulse in abundance: also Wheat and Rye in good plenty, and such store of Cattle, that it alone is able to supply the greatest part of Europe. The people are industrious and studious of Languages, especially the Latin; proud in their Garb, costly in Apparel, impatient in their Humours, and delicate in their Diet; the last, common to the Women, who are more witty than well spoken: But than you must understand, that it is spoken chief of them on the South part. Their Religion is of all sorts, Lutherans, Calvinists, and Arrians, and what not: but the most part are of the Church of Rome, and the Greek Church: The first of which hath three Arch-Bishops, and 19 Bishops: The latter, two Arch-Bishops, and six Bishops. But amongst all of them, there is this conformity, That whensoever the Gospel is read in the Congregation, the Nobility and Gentry use to draw their Swords, showing their readiness to defend the same, against all opposers. The Commodities, wherein it aboundeth, are Wheat, Rye, Honey, Wax, Pitch, Tar, Hemp, Flax, Amber, Spruce or Dantz Beer: It hath also some Mines of Copper and Iron.  
HUNGARY is bounded on the East with Moldavia, on the West with Germany, on the South with Sclavonia, and on the North with Poland: The Soil is very fruitful in Corn, and hath such plenty of Cattle, as it alone is thought to be able to supply all Europe therewith, and yet (some say) they send Eighty Thousand Oxen into Germany, and Sclavonia yearly; and Partridges, Pheasants and Dear, are there in such abundance, that any one may kill them. Here are many Rivers plentifully stored with Fish. The other Commodities are Tin, Iron, Copper, Led, Salt, Wine, divers sorts of Colours, and some Veins of gold and silver.  
The people are strong of body, rude of beheaviour, and show their descent to be of the Scythians, by their neglect of Learning, both in the Liberal Arts, and Mechanical Trades.  
Their Sons equally inherit, without privilege of Birthright. The greatest aspersion with them, is, the name of a Coward, which cannot be wiped away, without killing a Turk, after which they have the privilege to wear a Feather: the number that they wear, signifying the number of Turks killed in Battle. They delight in War, as their only Trade, being slothful (like the Irish) that so they may live on other men's labours. Their Daughter's portion is only a new Attire. As for Religion, they are reckoned Christians; a free Exercise whereof, was first granted by Maximilian: The Germane Emperor, and the Turks, share the Country betwixt them.  
SCLAVONIA is bounded on the East with Dacia, on the West with part of Italy, on the South with the Adriatic Sea, or Gulf of Venice, and on the North with Hungary; part of it belongs to the Venetian States, pa● to the Hungarians, and some to the Turks.  
The people are proud and stubborn, strong of body, and thereby enabled for works of drudgery: of which they have had their share.  
The Country is fruitful in those things that are found in Italy, and not much inferior thereto; for it hath not only Wine-Oyl, good store of Cattle, wild and tame; but some Veins of silver and gold. The Northern parts are mountainous, but afford breed of sheep, which bring forth young twice a year: and are shorn four times a year, (as saith my Author.) Nor is the Sea-coast unprofitable to them; for besides the plenty of Fish, it affords many convenient Havens. The greatest part profess the Christian Religion, and allow both that of the Greek Church, and that of Rome also: yet they are permitted to celebrate Divine Offices in their Natural Language: but they are not all Christians, the Turks and Mahometans prevailing in these parts. There are some small Isles (under their obedience) that belong thereto, as Pogo, Pharus; but we must pass them by.  
GREECE is bounded on all sides with the Sea, except on the North, where it bordereth on Dacia (as you may see in the Map:) It was once the Mother of all Learning and Arts, but now a Den of the Turkish Emperors, whose Palace is at Constantinople. The people are not only destitute of Learning and means to obtain it, but riotous, unconstant, uncivil, and so lazy, that (for the most part) they endeavour their profit no further, than their belly compels them. The Women are of a brown complexion, and use painting, to keep themselves in favour with their Husbands: for if once they grow wrinkled, they are put to all the drudgery of the House. Both Sexes, for the most part, apply themselves in their habits, to the State under which they live: Such as live under the Venetians, to theirs: and those under the Turks to theirs. The Christian Religion (doubtless) was once planted here by St. Paul, as appears, Act. 16. 12. but now they are much swarved from it; many of them being trained up (from their Infancy) in the Mahometan Rites, (or rather Fopperies.) The Soil is very fruitful, and yields good profit to the Husbandmen, if they would take pains to till it: but they knowing nothing certainly to be their own, (being all at the mercy of the Grand Signeur, and his Soldiers) neglect the manuring thereof. Their Commodities are Turkish Grograins, Damask, Velvets, Wine, Oil, Vitriol, divers Colours, Copper, some Gold and Silver.   

Of the Isles in the Mediterranean Sea, near (and sometimes belonging) to Greece.  
1. Candia is mountainous, yet yields good store of corn and grass, and divers Fruits; as Olives, Oranges, Lemons, Figs, Citrons, Wax, Honey, Saffron, Gum, Vines, and Malmsey, is said to be made only here. And (as Pliny relates) whatsoever grows here, is better than any of the same kind that groweth elsewhere. It is also reported, that here are neither Serpents, Foxes, Wolveses, nor any harmful Creature, except Spiders.  
2. Corfu, the Air is temperate and gentle; so that there are whole Woods of Citron-Trees, Oranges, Apples, Olives, Grapes, and all kind of Fruit, but no good Corn, by reason of the Southern wind, which dries it before it be ripe.  
3. Zant hath a wholesome Air, and fruitful soil, and yields good store of Oil, Raisins, Wine, and Corn. There are divers other small Isles, which we must pass by.  
DACIA is bounded on the East with the Euxine, or Black-sea, on the West with Hungary and Sclavonia, on the South with Greece, and on the North with Poland: It is very fruitful in Grass, Wood, Wine and Corn; but not so good for Tillage as Pasture: It also affords great plenty of Beefs and Muttons, with which they supply not only the great City of Constantinople. but part of Poland also. In matters of Religion, they allow the Dictates of the Greek Church, and obey the Patriarch of Constantinople. They are a rough-lived people, hard to be civilised, not fully weaned from the superstitions of the Gentiles, swearing by Jupiter and the like. They marry and unmarry, at their pleasures; are much given to Magical Charms, and bury with their dead both  and Victuals, for their relief in that long Journey to the other World.  
RUSSIA, or MOSCOVIA, is a good part in Asia, and is bounded on the East with Tartary, on the West with Sweden, on the South with the Euxine or Black-sea, and on the North with the Petzork, North, or Frozen Sea; a vast Country, and as wild a Government. The people are reported to be crafty, perfidious, and deceitful in their bargains; making no reckoning of their Promises, studying ways to evade their Agreements; and both Parents and Children unnatural, endeavouring to domineer over one another; giving much to drinking, strong of body, thick and short, broad-bearded, gray-eyed, and very swift in running. The common people live in great subjection to the Nobles, and they are in as much slavery to the Duke, or Emperor. And it is the fashion of their Women, to love those Husbands best, who beat them most; and think themselves not loved, or regarded, unless they be sound swaddled.  
The Country is not so populous, as spacious; but is very much filled with Woods: amongst which are the greatest and tallest Trees in the World (some whereof are reported beyond belief) which is a good help against the coldness of the Air, that the greatest part of the Country is subject unto: Nature also hath stored them with rich Furs, Sables, White Fox, Martin's, Honey, Wax, Pitch, Tar, , Whales, Grease, Hides of Oxen, & Elks, Hemp and Flax: as also Cattle, Corn and Fruit. In Profession, they are Christians, and follow the Greek Church, having a Patriarch, two Metropolitans, and 18 Bishops: and though they use Mass, yet do they much differ from the Romish and Reformed Churches; for they deny Purgatory, and the proceeding of the Holy Ghost: They also dissolve Marriage upon sleight occasions, and divers other things. The whole Region is subject to the Emperor of Russia.   

Of the Islands belonging to Russia.  
1. Sir Hugh Willoughby's Land, because he first found it out in the year 1553. and was thereabout found frozen to death the year following.  
2. New Zemia, which is but little discovered, and is said to have neither green boughs nor grass: yet to harbour many Bears, and the men hereof are very little.  
As for knowledge of the most famous Cities and Rivers, that are in this part, I will refer you to the Map of Europe, by which you will find their situations also.    

A View of ASIA (or as we may call it the old World; for that it was first inhabited, as is by all allowed).  
ASIA is separated from Europe, by the Rivers Tanais and Duina; and from Africa, by that small and narrow part of Egypt, which lieth between the Mediterranean, and Red seas, and is much bigger than Europe or Africa: and excels them in Riches; as Pearls of great price, precious Stones, and hot Spices, which by Experience are found to be both good and wholesome. This part hath been renowned by the first and second Monarches of the World. The length hereof is about 5200 miles, and the breadth 4550. Herein man was not only created, placed in Paradise, or the Garden of Eden, and seduced by Satan: but also here was wrought the great work of man's Salvation by our Saviour Jesus Christ; and here were done most of the Acts and Histories mentioned in the Old Testament, and great part of those in the New. The condition of those who profess the Christian Religion, is sad and deplorable; for it is both discountenanced and oppressed, but not extinguished, though all the chief Rulers be either Pagans or Mahometans; for it is at present governed by these six great Monarches.  

1. The great Cham of Tartary.  
2. The King of China.  
3. The King of Barma, who governs most part of India beyond the River Ganges.  
4. The great , whose Empire extendeth over all India, on this side the River Ganges.  
5. The King of Persia. And 6. The Turk.   
But for the better understanding of the Babylonian, Assyrian, and Persian Monarches: (which are often mentioned in Scripture) we shall consider it, as it is divided into its Regions.  
1. Anatolia, or Asia the less, is bounded on the East with the River Euphrates, by which it is almost parted from the Greater Asia, but all the rest is encompassed with the Sea. The Air is good, and the soil is said to be furnished with very good Pasture, which afford a special Race of Horses: And as it hath formerly, so it would still afford plenty of Fruit, were not the people idle and given to pleasure. The greatest part profess the Christian Religion, but are much overpowered by Mahometism, which is prevalent here. They are followers of the Greek Church, and are all subject to the Patriarch of Constantinople, (except those of Isauria and Cicilia). It hath been heretofore populous, and replenished with goodly Cities, but now many of them laid waste by Wars and Earthquakes. The chief commodities hereof are Wine and Oil.  
2. Syria is bounded on the East with the River Euphrates, on the west with the Mediterranean Sea, on the South with Canaan, and on the North with Cicilia, and Armenia the lesser. The Christian Religion was first preached here by some of the dispersed Brethren, as you may read Act. 11. and here the Disciples were first called Christians, ver. 26. But now here are Christians, Pagans, Mahometans, and a Sect compounded of all, called Drusians; but the generality (and all in Office) embrace Mahometism; though the rest are tolerated, yet they are subject to a Patriarch.  
3. Cyprus is situated in the Mediterranean Sea, and aboundeth in Corn, Oil, wine, Honey, Turpentine, Cotton, Wool, Grograins, Alum, Salt, Verdigreece, and all kind of Metals: The people are strong, nimble, and of good civility, Hospitable to their Neighbours, and loving to all strangers (Jews only excepted.) The Christian Religion was first preached here by St. Paul and Barnabas, as appears Act. 13. 4. but now they agree much with the Eastern Churches of the Greek Communion.  
4. Palestine, (the Holy Land, Canaan, or the Land of Promise; for by all these Names it is sometimes called) is bounded on the East with Mount Taurus, on the west with the Mediterranean Sea, on the South with part of Arabia, and on the North with Syria: The people, in their best times, stiff necked, murmuring, and much given to Idolatry, before their coming out of Babylon. And in point of Religion, they were privileged above all others, had they made good use of it: for here the Law was given by God, the Gospel preached by Jesus Christ, and confirmed by the miraculous operation of the Holy Ghost. And if you would have a Description hereof, see Deut. 8. where Moses hath done it to our hands, but now through the negligence of the Inhabitants, it comes short of that ancient fruitfulness: yet the Air is neither extreme cold, nor scorching hot: And it affords Olives, Pomegranates, Honey, Figs, Sugarcanes, Palm-Trees: also Quails, Partridges, Geese swine, and Hares; but so troubled in many places with Mice and Rats, that were it not for certain Birds which feed upon them, (as saith my Author) it were impossible for them to have any Harvest.  
5. Arabia is bounded on the East with the Gulf of Persia, on the west with the Red Sea, on the South with the main Ocean; and on the North with Syria, and the River Euphrates. The people are small of stature, swarthy of complexion, swift of gate, given to spoil, robbery, and have hardly any dwelling place, but in Arabia the Happy. St. Paul first planted the Christian faith here, as you may see Gal. 1. 17. But shortly after it was endeavoured to be supplanted by Mahomet, who had his first Rise here; which hath so overspread, that there are now hardly any Christians left, except in Happy Arabia. The Isles belonging to Arabia are, first, those in the Red sea, which are about 12. And 2. those in the Persian Gulf, and in the main Ocean; but all small, and not of account, and therefore we will pass them by.  
6. Caldea is bounded on the East with some part of Persia, on the west with Arabia Desert, on the South with Assiria, and on the North with Mesopotamia. It is said to be so fruitful in some places, that it would yield one hundred fold increase, and the worst 50, were it as carefully ordered as formerly. But this is agreed on by those of the best Judgement, both Divines and Geographers, that herein is the Garden of Eden, or that Paradise, wherein man was placed by God. And although the Country in general is exceeding fruitful, yet in some places it is covered with a slimy matter, with the overslowing of the water, and nature of the soil together, used by them in building, instead of Mortar, as being more durable, and was chosen for the Cement of the Tower of Babel, Gen. 11. 3. The Faith (I need not say the Christian, because all other is rather fiction or fancy, then true Faith) was first preached here by St. Peter, as himself hinteth, 1 Pet. 5. 13. But at present, there are only some remainers, and those much corrupted, being Jacobites, but most Mahometans: their chief City is Babylon, which is said to be built by Nimrod; the compass of the Walls are 46 miles, in height 50 Cubits, and of such breadth, that Carts and Carriages might meet on the top of them; but the repute hereof is now much lost.  
7. Assyria is bounded on the East with Media, on the West with Mesopotamia, on the South with Susiana, and on the North with Caldea, and Turcomania: It is a plain and fruitful Country. They have a Custom to expose their fairest Daughters to sale in the open Market, and with that money, put off those that were deformed. St. Judas is said to preach the Gospel here first, and it was so well rooted, that it could not be plucked up, though cruelly persecuted by the King of Persia, and therefore he endeavoured to corrupt it: By which means, the Nestorians very much increase: They differ much from other Christians. In contracting Marriages, they never see their Sweethearts; but, hearing a good report of her, deal with her Parents for her; and having agreed, they meet in the Chancel of the Church, wherein there is a partition with a hole in it: The Bridegroom and his Friends stand on the one side; and the Bride and hers on the other. Then the Churchman bids the Bridegroom put his hand through the hole in the partition, and take his Bride by the hand; which being done, the Mother of the Bride, with a sharppointed Instrument, pricketh the Bridegroom's hand with great eagerness: If, when he feels the smart, he let her hand go, they rake it for a sign that he will not love her; but if he wring her till she cry, they are glad that they have so well bestowed her.  
8. Mesopotamia is bounded on the East with the River Tigris, on the west with Euphrates, on the South with Arabia and Caldea, and on the North it is separated from Armenia the bigger, by the Mount of Taurus.  
This is that Country (as Historians conceive) which in Scripture is called Paedan-Aram; but this name is more peculiar to the North part, because inhabited by the Aramites. It is well stored with Corn, Wine, and other Necessaries for the Life of Man; but the Southern part is barren, and full of Deserts.  
The Gospel was first preached here by Thadd eus, one of the 70 Disciples; but about the year 530, one Jacobus risen up, (who denied the Unity of Nature in Christ) and many of his Followers are now here, and differ from other Christians, affirming the Angels to consist of two substances, Light and Fire. They retain circumcision, and use it on both Sexes, and are of Opinion, That the souls of the dead, remain some where in the Earth, expecting Christ's coming: with other gross errors, which here I shall forbear to name.  
9 Turcomania is bounded on the East with the Caspian Sea, on the West with the Euxine sea and Cappadocia; on the South with Assyria and Mesopotamia, and on the North with Tartary. It is so called from the Turks, who from hence made their first Expedition for the Conquest of Persia, and spread themselves into a great part of Africa, and some of Europe. The whole Country in general, is said to be of a fruitful soil, affording all necessaries for the use of man. Their Religion is mixed, some Papists, some Jacobites, but most Mahometans.  
10. Media is bounded on the East, with some part of Persia, on the West with Armenia the greater, and some part of Assyria, on the south with Persia also, and on the North with the Caspian Sea. The south part is excellent, rich, and fruitful in Corn, Wine, and all things necessary; but the North both cold and barren: so that for the most part, they make their Bread of dried Almonds, and their drink of the Juice of Herbs: they have few tame Cattle, so that their Food is chief on Venison, or other wild Beasts. The Gospel is said to be first preached here by St. Thomas, though always opposed. At the first by Pagans, since by Mahometans, and after by Saracens: yet there are some Christians amongst them, both Nestorians and Armenians: (as in most other parts of the Persian Empire) here are also many Jews, who have free liberty of their Religion. But the Religion (if I may so call it) commonly received and countenanced, is that of Mahomet.  
11. Persia is bounded on the East with India, on the West with Media, on the South with the Main Ocean, and on the North with Tartary. It is of great extent, being situated under the 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Climate, and therefore not alike fruitful in all places, being destitute of water, having but few Rivers, and not many Lakes, and therefore not well inhabited, and yet is said to be furnished with all necessaries, both for life and pleasure. The people were anciently given to Wars, but most to Bows, Darts, and slinging. And they (as well as most others) were at first Pagans, being chief directed therein by their Magis, or Priests, men of severe lives, forbidding outward Ornaments, making Herbs their food, and the ground their bed, and spending their whole time in pretended Devotion, or else in Divination, foretelling things to come: from whence the Name of Magicians are derived to us.  
The Gospel is said to be first preached here by St. Thomas; but there are now many Nestorians, and Armenians. And the Jews, who are dispersed up and down, have Synagogues allowed them. But the Religion authorized, is that of Mahomet: From hence are brought the Bezoar, and other precious Stones, Oriental Pearls, much silk-work, and some goodly Horses.  
12. Tartary, is bounded on the East with the straits of Anian, the East Ocean, and some part of China; on the West with Russia, and some part of Poland; on the South, with Persia and India; and on the North, with the Frozen Ocean. It is a very vast Country, containing (as some say) 5400 miles from East to West, and 3600 from North to South, and must needs differ much in the soil, though all of it barren enough: In the most Northern part, they have day for six months together, and night for six more.  
The people generally are of a square stature, broad and gross faces, hollow-eyed, thin beards, thick lips, flat noses, and swarthy of complexion; occasioned not by the heat of the Sun, but by their own nastiness. They are barbarous in all parts, but especially in those called Asiatica, and Antiqua, patiented in all extremities, both of cold and hunger, and eat Horses, and all other Beasts, (except Hogs, howsoever they be slain, as saith my Author) yea, they eat their enemies, when they take them, first letting out their blood, which they use as Wine in their Feasts, and think their Cham the only considerable Prince, by whose mame they swear, as by their gods. These Chams, for the most part, are very severe, punishing almost every small Fact with sudden death, but Theft especially. Insomuch, that a man in Cambalu, taking a pail of milk from a woman's head, and beginning to drink thereof, was (by her Outcry) apprehended, and cut asunder with a sword: so that the milk and blood came out together (as my Author relates): Adultery also, and Lying, are punished with death.  
The women are suitable to the men, scorning or wanting Ornaments, to set them out; or when they do, they seldom have better than Feathers, Copper, or such like Trifles. For matter of Religion, it is hard to say, whether there be most Pagans, or Mahometans: some parts being wholly of the one, some wholly of the other, and some mixed of both: yet have not these so greatly prevailed, but that there be some who go under the name of Christians, though much differing from the Doctrine, which (some say) was first preached here by St. Andrew, and St. Philip.  
The Inhabitants also in some parts, are great Enchanters: and so abominable sottish in others, that though they send for the Physician in time of sickness, yet do they suffer the next Enchanter to apply some thing to help them, in another part.  
They had a Custom to present their Wives and Sisters, to the pleasures of such as they entertained: from which, when they were restrained by Mongo Cham, they petitioned for a restauration thereof, protesting that they could never thrive, since that Custom was left off: which desire was at last granted, and is still in use; and therefore we will leave them to be no better than Beasts.  
13. China is bounded on the East, with the East Ocean, or Chinean Sea; on the West and North with Tartary, and on the South with India. It is a very rich and fruitful Country, having in some places two, and in some three Harvests in a year, of all manner of Grain: being also stored with the best kind of Fruits, which come to a more speedy maturity, than any of these Eastern parts. And their Pearls are fairer, and of greater virtue, than those of America. The people are of a swarthy Complexion; but more or less, according to their nearness to the Sun. They love their bellies, eating three times a day, but not immoderately. They drink the● drink hot, and eat their meat with two small sti●ks o● Ivory, Ebony, or the like. Their Marriages they most commonly celebrate at the New-Moon, and many times put them off till March, when the year gins with them, as it doth with us. The Son is bound to follow his Father's Trade, which causeth them to be excellent Artificers, and preventeth the roving of idle people. In giving Alms, they are liberal to the lame and maimed; but neglect the blind, as being able to get a livelihood.  
The Art of Printing is more ancient with them, then in Europe; but they do not print from the Left Hand to the Right (as we do) nor from the Right to the Left, (as the Jews do) but from the top of the Leaf downwards.  
The making of Guns also, is of more antiquity with them, then with us, and they make Wagons that sail over the Land, as Ships over the Sea. They are wise and politic, but extreme jealous of their Wives, not permitting them to go abroad, nor sit at the Table, if any strangers be there, although the poor Women be civil, and fearful of giving offence; and do paint more to keep themselves in their Husband's affections, than out of wantonness: most of them have very little feet; and to effect this, they bind them up hard from their Infancy: in their Dress they are neat, and in Apparel costly.  
In Religion, (if it deserve the name thereof) Gentiles; and they say there was one Taine, who created Panzon, and Panzona, whose Posterity remained Ninety Thousand years: but then for their wickedness being destroyed, Ta'en created Lutizam, who had two Horns; from the Right, came Man; and from the Left, Woman: and such notorious Idolaters are they, that they do not only worship the Sun, Moon, and other Idols, but the very Devil, because he should do them no hurt: yet do conceive, that the Soul dieth not with the Body, but is capable of punishment or reward, according to their works done in this life.  
The whole Country is said to be divided into 15 Kingdoms, or Provinces; each having a peculiar Prince, but all subject to their great King, who is able to bring into the Field 300000 Foot, and 200000 Horse: it hath many Cities well peopled; but of the greatne's and goodness of the City Paquin (where the King is resident) things are written almost incredible. Their chief Commodities are Mines of Gold, Copper, Iron, Steel, precious Stones and Pearls. It is plentiful in Wheat, Barley, Rice, Wool, Flax, Vines, Olives, Cotton, Sugar, Camphire, Musk, Honey, Salt, Rhubard, Cattle, Fruit, and all kind of Spices.  
14. India is bounded on the East, with the East Ocean, on the West with Persia, on the South with the Indian Ocean, and on the North with Taertaria. It hath a fruitful soil, affording two Harvests in a year, and is abundantly stored with Camels, Lions, Elephants, Oxen, Apes, Chameleons, Gold, Silver, Silk precious Jewels, and Pearls of great price, Medicinal Drugs and Perfumes, Hens, Pheasants, and Partridges; nor is it wanting of Fish: so that we may call it a Paradise. The People are of a swarthy Complexion, but strong, tall, ingenuous, free from fraud, and punctual of their word: (and indeed they had need; for they lend without Witness, or sealing of Bonds.) Their Women are not much fairer than the men, and wear their hair long and lose, but covered with a thin Veil: their Ears and Noses they hang with Rings and Jewels, according to their Estates. Their men are allowed many Wives, which they buy of their Parents for a yoke of Oxen. He that deprives another of any member, is not only to be punished in the same, but his Hand is to be cut off. But if an Artificer, or Tradesman be deprived of an Eye, or Hand; he that caused it is to die for it. And of such esteem are the Tradesmen, that they are free from Tribute, and have Corn allowed them by the King (which is no small encouragement to them.) Their Food is Rice, Barley, Honey, Milk, and things without life: And though there be many people who inhabit here, besides the Indians, (as Jews, Moors, Portugese, and Tartarians) yet here (as in all other places) when we say the people, we mean the Indians, because the other are described in their proper places. St. Thomas is said to have preached the Gospel first here: but now those who profess the same, are but few, if compared with the number of those who retain the Customs of the Jews and Mahometans.  

Of the Isles in the Indian Sea.  
1. Japan, The Air is healthful, but the Soil mountainous and barren: The Rice which is their principal food, they gather not till September, but their Wheat is ripe in June. It wants neither Woods, nor Forests, wherein are the largest Cedars that I read of, whose Bowels are said to be stored with divers Metals, and amongst the rest Gold, which is here in such plenty, that the Palace of their King was covered therewith, in the time of Paulus Venetus. Their Fields are stored with Cattle, and they have plenty of Turtles, Quails, Pigeons, Wild-Ducks, and other Fowl.  
The people are apt to learn, having good memories, are strong and vigrous of body, and ambitious of glory. Their Complexion inclining to an Olive colour. They shave the one half of their Heads, and their Beards are thin. In salutation, they put off their shoes, and at their Feasts wear black, but their mourning is commonly white: so that we may say of them, as the Poet did in another case.  
The Motions of the World to day,  
Are turned the quite contrary way.  
In matters of Religion they are Gentiles, adoring formerly the Sun, Moon, etc. But of late the Jesuits Christianity hath got some footing.  
2 The Islands of Philippi are not far from Japan; the Air of them all is indifferent temperate in the Inland, but on the Seacoasts somewhat hot. Divers of them belong to the Spaniard, and are stored with Rice, Wax, Honey, cotton-wool, Sugarcanes, Figs, Beasts, and Birds, both tame and wild, some Mines of Gold, and other Metals, and many sorts of Fruits.  
3 Not far from these (more South, for that way we steer our course) are another parcel furnished with choice Fruits, and some of them rich in Gold, and other conveniencies.  
4 Banda, though but small, is very famous: for only there, and in other small Isles thereabout, grow all the Mace and Nutmegs, which are in good plenty, sent over all the World. The Trees on which they grow, naturally yield them three times a year Fruit, viz. in August, December, but the best and most in April.  
5 The Moluccaes' are known throughout the whole Universe, by reason of the plenty of Cloves which grow not where else: They are six in number, and are scant of Victuals; for there grows no Rice nor Grain: neither hath it any Flesh, but a few Goats and Hens; and therefore make their Bread of Trees and Roots: and herein only are found the Birds of Paradise, which for strangeness and fairness of Feathers, excel all the Birds in the World.  
6 Caelibes, (which gives name to some other Islands) is large and rich, the soil fertile, and the people tall and comely.  
7 Gilolo is well stored with Hens, and hath plenty of Rice. In it is a Tree called by them Sagu; with the Pith whereof they make their Bread; and with the sap, a Drink, which they use as Wine.  
8 Amboyna produceth great plenty of Rice, Citrons, Oranges, Lemons, Sugarcanes, and Cloves: It was first taken by the Portugals; but in the year 1605. retaken by ●he Dutch, who did most wickedly torture and murder some of our English in 1618. for this only reason, because they were loved of the Inhabitants, and began to gain their Trade.  
9 Massar, is well stored with Flesh, Salt, Fish, Rice, cotton-wool, Saunder, a Medicinal Wood, and some Pearls.  
10 Borneo is rich in Agarick (which is of good account in Physic) Camphire, and some Mines of Adamants.  
11 Java-Major, or, The Greater, yields good plenty of Rice, Corn, Fruit, Flesh abundance of Silk, the best Brass, a great quantity of Cinnamon, Cinger, Pepper, and other Spices; store of Fowl, both Tame and Wild: as also Gold, and some precious Stones; but the Country is much exposed to florm and tempest. The people are proud, treacherous, lying, and careless of their words, cruel and hard to be pacified, if they be offended, being of a middle stature, broad faces, and full bodied.  
12 Java the Lesser, I have little certainty of it, and therefore shall pass it by.  
13 Sumatra, the Air is very hot and unwholesome, because of the gross Vapours that arise from the Fens. Their only Grain is Rice, but it affords plenty of Pepper, Camphire, Ginger, Agarick, Cassi●, Silks, Cottons, Honey, Wax, Mines of Iron, Tin, Sulphur, Brimstone, and Go●d in such plenty, that some conceive this Island to be Solomon's Ophir: The people are cunning Merchants, and good Artificers.  
14 Zeiland, or Ceylon, as it hath many Hills and Valleys, watered with several Rivers, so hath it whole Woods of Cinnamon; besides, Lemmons, Oranges, Metals, and Jewels: Also, Tame and Wild Beasts, and Fowl in great plenty. The people are strait, and tall of body, naked from the middle upwards, good Artificers, but are given to pleasure and bravery; and such is the weight of their Jewels, that the holes in their Ears, are stretched near their shoulders. There are divers others which are small, and not much of account, that we must omit.  
And as for knowledge of the principal Cities, and Rivers, which are herein, we will send you to the Map of Africa.    

A View of AFRICA (or, as we may call it, the hot World; for that the Equinoctial Line, passeth through it, well near in the midst).  
AFRICA, is bounded on all sides with the Sea, except towards Asia, where it bordereth on Arabia: (as appears in the Map): it is situated for the most part between the two Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, in the Torrid or scorched Zone: The Aequator, or Aequinoctial, passing almost through the middle of it: yet they were much mistaken, who thought it was not inhabited (because so extreme hot); for it could not be long (after the Earth began to be replenished) but some came into this part: And some are of opinion, that the Sons of Cham possessed the Northern part presently after the confusion of Babel. Neither could it hardly be otherwise, considering how nigh it is unto that part, in which Adam was first placed, and to those so much mentioned in Scripture. And in the time of Jacob, there was such store of provision, that it supplied the wants of the Canaanites: as you may see Gen. 42. Yet we yield, that in some places it is full of sandy Deserts; as you will better perceive in the Description of the several Countries. The state of the Christian Religion (in this part) is very weak, insomuch, that not only the North part of Africa, near the Mediterranean, (even from Spain to Egypt) where once the Gospel so exceedingly flourished, that 300 Bishops were at one time banished from thence, by Guencericus, (King of the Vandals); is at present void of Christians, (except some Towns belonging to the King of Spain) but even in this Country, (near thrice as big as Europe) there is not one Region entirely Christians, but the Kingdom of Abassia only: Nor one, where the Christians are mingled with Mahometans, but only Egypt: neither any, where they are mingled with Idolaters, but in Congo and Angola; and some few Towns on those Coasts, in the hands of the Portugals. The people possessing (and dispersed in) this part, we may reduce, 1. To Africans, properly so called. 2. Abyssines. 3. Egyptians. 4. Jews. 5. Arabians; and some European Christians, in Forts and Garrisons. From hence are brought Dates, Balm, Ginger, Sugar, Myrrh, Aloes, Aneel, Ivory, Ebony; also Madera, and Canary Wines.  
Egypt is bounded on the East with Arabia, and some part of the Red Sea; on the West, with Barbary; on the South, with Aeth●opia Superior: on the North, with the Mediterranean Sea. Here is seldom Rain; which defect is supplied by the overflowing of the River Nilus: so that (notwithstanding the Heat) it is very fruitful in Wheat, Barley, Oats and Pulse. It aboundeth also in rich Pasture, wherein are good store of sheep, Oxen, Horses, Camels, Goats and Mules, of a bigger growth then ordinary. It produceth good Wines, and choice Fruits, as Pomegranates, Citrons, and divers others, with some precious Stones. The chief places of note are, Alexandria and Cairo: the last was heretofore Memphis; some say Babylon; whither the Virgin Mary fled, to escape Herod's cruelty intended against Christ. The things that are strange and rare, which we shall speak of here are only these: The Crocodile, a Creature of a strange nature, hatched of an Egg about as big as a Turkeys, but increaseth to the length of near 30 foot, his Tail as long as all his Body, with which he doth enchant his prey, and draw it into the water, used equally to both Elements, but can see best in the water. The shape or picture whereof, you have over the Ti●le in the Map. Another is the Isle and Tower of Pharos, situated opposite to Alexandria, and about a mile distant from the Land, but joined to the Continent by Cleopatra: for the Rhodians being then Lords of the Seas, used to exact some Tribute out of every Island within the Seas, belonging to Egypt; and therefore sent to Cleopatra, to demand the same: But she detained the Messengers 7 or 8 days, (under pretence of making a Solemn Festival) and in the mean time, by making huge Dams and Banks in the Sea, with incredible charge and speed, united the Island to the shore, and sent the Rhodians away with this answer, That they were to take toll of the Islands and not of the Continent; a work of great rarity and bigness, taking up seven furlongs of ground. There is also a Watch-Tower, called by the name of the Island, wonderful high, ascending by degrees, having many Lanterns on the top, wherein Lights burned nightly, as a direction for Sailors, (the Seas upon those coasts being very unsafe) to guide them over the Bar of Alexandria. About 5 miles distant from the City of Cairo, there is a certain place, in which on every Good-Friday, yearly, appear the Heads, Arms, and Legs of men rising out of the ground; which, if touched, will shrink again into the Earth. This is affirmed by some, who (say they) have been Eye-witnesses, and have touched some of the Rising-Members: which, if true, is a Lecture of the certain Resurrection of the whole body, that once a year is preached to these people. The Inhabitants are of a tawny complexion, and wit●y; for to them we are indebted for the Invention of w●i●ing on Paper, Physic, Arithmetic, Astronomy, and Astrology. But now they are greedy of Profit, luxurious, crafty, cowardly, and were the first who were given to Sorcery. Their Women are exceeding fruitful, some of them having 3 or 4 Children at a Birth. The Gospel was first preached here by S. Mark, (as is granted by the best Historians) but by the coming in of the Saracens, (and chief since the Turks Conquest) the Christians have much decayed; and those that remain, are Jacobites: of whom you have something in our Description of Asia.  
Barbary is bounded on the East with Egypt, on the West with the Atlantic Ocean; on the South with Mount Atlas, and on the North with the Mediterranean Sea. It hath many Hills well stored with Woods, an● therefore here is no want of Wild-Beasts; but they have scarce any Wheat, so that the people live on Barleybread: yet that part near Mount▪ Atlas, hath many Rivers, (which arise from the aforesaid Mountain) that do water it. And it is stored with Sugar, Oil, Honey, some Mines of the best Gold, all sorts of Apples, Peaches, Apricocks, Figs, Cherries, and Pears. And besides their beautiful Horses and other Cattle, here are Leopards, Lions, Dragons, and Apes, in great plenty. The people are inclining to blackness, covetous of honour, crafty, unfaithful, not willing to take pains, studious in matters of their Law, and some of the Liberal Sciences, exceeding jealous of their Wives, who have good features, and comely bodies, which they apparel most bravely, thereby to make themselves more lovely in their Husband's eyes. The Gospel was first preached here by Eutychus, one of the 70 Disciples in Africa propria, and in other parts by others. But now Mahometism is wholly embraced, so that there are no Christians, except in some few Towns possessed by the Spaniards and Portugals. This Country contains these 4 Kingdoms, 1. Morocco. 2. Fez. 3. Tremesin, or Algiers. And 4. Tunis. The first of which hath a Church in the chief Town thereof, a mile and half in compass, and a Tower so high, that (as some affirm) you may discern from the top of it, the Hills of Azasi. And here is also a Castle of great Fame, for the Globes of pure Gold that stand on the top of it, which are reported to weigh 130000 Barbary Ducats, if my Author be not mistaken.  

The Istes of Barbary in the Mediterranean Sea.  
1. Zerby is something Hilly in the middle, but indifferent fruitful, affording Dates, Olives, and the like.  
2. Chercheny, formerly so fruitful, that it was able to supply the wants of Caesar and his Army, when he was wearied in Africa.  
3. Pantalaria, whose Soil is not fit for Corn, because both mountainous and stony; yet well stored with Cotton, Figs, and Oxen without Horns.  
4. Malta, anciently Melita, as appears Act. 28. 1. (for it was the place where St. Paul, and those that were with him in the shipwreck, got to Land:) It affords good store of Cotton, Citrons, Melons, Pomegranates, and such kind of Fruits. Their Religion is that of the Church of Rome.  
Numidia is bounded on the East with Egypt, on the West with the Atlantic Ocean, on the South with Lybia, and on the North with Mount Atlas, which parts it from Barbary. It contains these 10 Provinces; namely, 1. Fessen. 2. Tebelbeti. 3. Zeb. 4. Segelmesse. 5. Talset. 6. Bileduldgerid. 7. Tegoida. 8. Pes●ara. 9 Fighid. 10. Dara.  
The people are Thiefs and Murderers, except the Arabians, who are in mo●t parts mingled amongst them; ●hose character you have in Asia, it being their proper place: and therefore we speak here only of the Natural Numidians, whose food commonly is Dates, Barley, and (●ome say) Carrion. Their Garments are very short, and the richer sort are distinguished with a blue Jacket of Cotton. They ride on Camels, without Saddles or stirrups, a Leather being only put through a hole, that is made in the Nose of the Beast. The Air is said to be so sound, that it cures the French Pox ●peedily, without the help of Physic. In matters of Religion, they are Mahometans.  
Lybia Desert, is bounded on the East with the River Nilus, on the West with the Atlantic, on the South with the Land of Negroes; and on the North with Numidia. It is divided into five Provinces, or great Deserts: (to which the rest of less north are to be referred) namely, 1 Bordea, 2 Lembta, 3 Zuenzigae, 4 Targa. And 5 Zanhaga. This Country is by some counted a part of Numidiae, and indeed, the people are as bad, or rather worse than they. It is a dry and sandy Country; for in some parts, it affords not water to a Traveller in seven day's journey; and therefore the Merchants are fain to carry water with them on Camels backs; and if that fail, they kill the Beasts, and squeeze water out of their guts. The water which the Country affords, is drawn out of Pits, (and is exceeding brackish) and those Pits are sometimes so covered with Sand, that men die with thirst. And therefore the Land is not much inhabited, so that it is fitly called Desert.  
Terra Nigritarum, or the Land of Negroes, is bounded on the East with Nilus, which divides it from Ethiopia Superior, on the West with the Atlantic Ocean, on the South with the  Ocean, and some part of Ethiopia Inferior; and on the North with Lybia.  
It contains 25 several Kingdoms; namely, 1 Guinea, 2 Benin, 3 Guangara, 4 Ora Enterosa, 5 Gualata, 6 Gialosofi, 7 Gubar, 8 Ghenehoa, 9 Melli, 10 Sanaga, 11 Casena, 12 Canon, 13 Agadez, 14 Gambra, 15 Tombu●um, 16 Bornum, 17 Gaoga, 18 Nubia. (The rest of less note, besides ●hose in Guinea▪ are) 19 Temiano, 20 Zegzeg, 21 Bico, 22 Zanfara, 23 Medra, 24 Gothan, And 25 Daum.  
The whole Country is very hot, because situated in the hot of scorched Zone, but is indifferently well inhabited, and very fruitful, especially where the River Niger overflows, enriched with Mines of Gold and Silver; and on the further side of the River Senega, well stored with Corn, Cattle, and Woods, wherein are Lions▪ Elephants, and other Wild-Beasts.  
The people are Cele-black, except those in the South part, and use to paint the Devil white, thereby declaring their love to their own Complexion. They are destitute of Arts and Sciences, and most abominably prone to luxury. The greater part are Idolaters, mixed with some Mahometans: (which I cannot say are much better) only there are a few Christians in those Garrisons, that belong to the Portugals: And as the people differ in Religion, (if I may so call it) so do they in their Language, as well they may in so great a compass of ground, wherein are so many Kingdoms and Provinces. The River of Niger spoken of before, is found to have its Rise from a great Lake, some two degrees from the Equinoctial, or Line of the Sun: whence running forward, for a good space, he hideth himself under ground for about 60 miles together: then rising up again, maketh a Lake called Borneo (as you may see in the Map) and then bendeth his course directly towards the West, taking in many lesser Channels, or Rivers; and at last falleth into the Sea. Of a much like length, and of the same wonderful nature, as the River Nilus: for from the 15 of June, it overflows all the adjoining fields, for the space of 40 days; and in so many more recollecteth his Waters into their proper Channels. The whole Country is indebted to these inundations for its fruitfulness, which otherwise would be but little: for the dryness of the Soil can afford no Exhalations, whereby Clouds may be generated, and the Earth refreshed with moistures, or enlivened and revived with Dews. The chief Commodities are , Civet, Ivory, Sugar, Mines of Gold, and other Metals.  
Aethiopia-Superior, or The Higher, otherwise called Abyssines, is bounded on the East with the Red Sea, and the Sea called Barbar●●●; on the West with the River Nilus, which parts it from the Land of Negroes; on the South with the Mountains of the Moon; and on the North with some part of Egypt. It is situated on both sides the Equator, and is governed by one of the greatest Emperors in the World, who is (by us) called Prester John. His Court remains not long in one place; for (some say) it consists of 6000 Tents only, which encompass 12 or 13 miles. He is said, by some, to have 70 Kings under him, who have their several Laws, and Customs. But Historians do much differ herein, so as I am not satisfied. The chief Kingdoms are, 1 Dangali, 2 Dobas, 3 Adel, 4 Tigremnon, 5 Barnagasso, 6 Guagere, 7 Bagamedrum, 8 Damut, 9 Amara, 10 Angote, 11 Goiamy, 12 Adea, 13 Fatigar. 14 Xoa. And 15 Barus. There are many others in the Imperial style, but of little note, and therefore we shall forbear to name them.  
The Title which the chief Ruler, or Emperor claims, and takes to himself, (because both strange and arrogant) I will here set down.  
N. N. Supreme of his Kingdoms, and the Beloved of God, the Pillar of Faith, sprung from the Stock of Judah, the son of David, the son of Solomon, the son of the Column of Zion, the son of the Seed of Jacob, the son of the Hand of Mary; the son of Nahu after the Flesh, the son of St. Peter, and St. Paul, after the Spirit; Emperor of the Higher and Lower Ethiopia; of the most mighty Kingdoms, Dominions, and Countries of Xoa, Goa, Caffares, Adea, Vangne, Balignazo, etc. and Lord of all the Regions, to the Confines of Egypt.  
The Air of this Country is very hot, and the ground so parched, that the people are said to roast their meat in the Sun: And therefore 〈◊〉 populous, except in the Northern part, and Seacoasts: they have not much Wheat, but plenty of Rice, Barley, Pease, Sugar, Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Honey, Minerals of all sorts, and many Herds of Cattle; as Oxen, Sheep, and Goats. It is a good Country for increase, were not the Inhabitants idle, for they have plenty of Vines, but make little Wine, Flax, but make no Cloth; and Woods full of Venison, which they trouble not themselves to catch; being destitute of Learning, and very base in Religion: for though there be some Christians, which are said to be first planted by St. Philip, (who baptised the Eunuch of Queen Candace) yet now they much differ from their ancient purity. They circumcise both Sexes, and after baptise them, and keep the Saturday for Jewish Sabbath, equal with the Lords Day. They baptise themselves every Epiphany Day, in Lakes and Ponds, because they say, that Christ was that day baptised of John in Jordan.  
Aethiopia Inferior, or Lower, is on all sides begirt on the Sea, except towards the North, and there it is separated from the Abyssines, or Aethiopia Superior, by the Mountains of the Moon. It is so called, because o● its lower situation; and is governed by five chief Rulers, or Kings, each having a several Province belonging to him.  
As first, Monomotapa, whose Air is temperate, and Soil good; and though it be full of Forests, yet are they well watered with Rivers, that carry Gold in their Sands. It hath also good store of Corn, and Pasture, wherein are many Herds of very large Cattle, and such plenty of Elephants, that they are said to kill 5000 yearly, for their Teeth: and herein are (reported to be) 3000 Mines of Gold. The people are black of Complexion, courageous; strong, active, and so extreme swift of foot, that (some say) they will outrun Horses. They may have as many Wives as they please; but the first is chief, and her Children only are Heirs. In punishing offenders, they use no Prisons, but execute them as soon as apprehended: and they use most severity to Witchcraft, Theft, and Adultery.  
2 Manicongo, the Air is so temperate in Winter, that they neither change their Garments, nor make more fire than at other times. The Day and Night, for the greatest part of the year, little differ. The Soil is very fruitful, and doth not only produce Fruits, Plants, and Herbs; but hath good Pasture also, in which are bred many Herds of Cattle, large Flocks of Sheep, Stags, Goats, Coneys, Hares, and Elephants so large, that their Teeth weigh 200 pounds; and Serpents of that bigness, that they eat a whole Deer at once. Here are Fowl also in great plenty, both Tame and Wild. The people are said to have Shambles of man's flesh, as we have for meat; and they kill their Children in the birth, to avoid the trouble of breeding them; preserving their Nation with stolen brats from the adjacent Countries.  
4 Zanguebar is low and Fenny, and much overflown with unruly Rivers, and so full of Forests and Woods, that for want of Air it is very pestilent. The people are black of Complexion & very much given to Soothsaying; indeed Witchcraft.  
4 Cafraia (so much of it as is discovered) is said to be plentifully stored with Herds of Cattle, Flocks of Sheep great store of Foxes, Deers, Pheasants, Partridges, Geese, Ducks, and other Beasts and Fowl: Also the Hills are as it were mingled with grassy Valleys, stored with Forests and Woods: and, in brief, all things necessary for the use of man, were it better stored with Corn. And pity it is, that the people of so good a Country, should be so base and brutish, that men can hardly say, whether the people generally may be thought to be men in the Skins of Beasts, or Beasts in the shapeand likeness of men.  
In this Country stands the Cape of Good-Hope, about which the Sea is always dangerous: it hath been so, especially to the Spaniard, in omuch that one was angry with God, that he suffered the English Heretics (as he called them) to pass it so easily, and not to give them the like speed.  
5 Ainan, which affords plenty of Honey, Wax, Fish, Ivory, Gold, Iron, and very large Sheep.  
In Religion, they are Heathens in all the aforesaid Kingdoms; only some Mahometans on the Seacoasts.   

Of the Islands belonging to Africa.  
1 Zocotora (at the mouth of the Red-Sea, lieth open to the sharp Winds, and is therefore extreme dry and barren; yet affords some good Pasture for the breed of Cattle; as also Dates, and some kind of Fruits, liberally furnished with Medicinal Drugs, and the best Aloes, etc.  
The people are rude and barbarous; and though their Hair be long, yet their Clothing is hardly enough to cover their nakedness. The Women govern all the Affairs within and without: their Bread for the most part is made of Dates, the rest of their Food is milk and butter. The people are accounted Christians, and Jacobites in Sect, adoring the Cross most superstitiously, and give themselves much to Enchantments.  
2 Madagascar, or St. Laurence, is rich, and plentifully stored with almost all Commodities that man can use; as Rice, Sugar, Honey, Goats, Deer, Elephants, and other Creatures, both Tame and Wild, in great plenty: Also, Beefs and Muttons, both large and good are here in such abundance, that they sell them for very trifles. Here is also Wax, Cotton. Ginger, Saffron, Cloves, Amber, some Mines of Gold, Silver Copper, and Iron. And here grows ● Tree, which bears that Fruit called Caeos', a kind of Date, as big as a Cabbage; wherein is a pint of Liquor, which tastes like Wine and Sugar, and the Kernel is sufficient to satisfy two men. It affords not only meat, but clothing, furniture for their Houses, Tackling for Ships, Timber for Building, and Fuel for the Fire. The people (for the most part) are black, ignorant, and treacherous; Idolaters in the midland parts, and Mahometans upon the Seacoasts.  
3 Mohelia, the people are black, large, strong and courageous: they pinks their Arms and Faces in several shapes, and use no other Apparel, but their Natural Garments, except some Plantain Leaves to hid their shame. They are Mahometans.  
4 Mauritius, or De Cirne, is well stored with Beefs, Goats, Hogs, most sorts of Fish▪ dainty Fruits, and plenty of Ebony, of all colours; yet not inhabited.  
5 St. Helen is very high and hilly, stored with Hogs, Goats, Hens, Oranges, Lemons, Figs, and the like.  
6 St. Thomas is situated directly under the Equator, inhabited by the Negroes, and Portugals. The Air agrees so well with the former, that they generally live to 100 years of Age, but few of the Portugals to 50. It is destitute of Wheat, but abounds with Sugar: In the midst hereof stands a Woody Mountain, over-shadowed continually with Clouds, which moisten the Trees that grow here in good plenty; from whence falls a great quantity of water, which doth refresh their Fields and Sugarcanes, notwithstanding the extreme heat of the Air. Their Religion is the Christian.  
7 Princes Island, so called, because the Revenues thereof belonged to the Prince of Portugal.  
8 The Isles of Gorgades, or Cape Verde; the chief now inhabited, are  

1 St. Jago, though it be mountainous and rocky, yet is full of pleasant Valleys, and well inhabited.  
2 Demay hath a Lake, whose Water is medicinable.  
3 Deal Fuego, so called from the Flakes of Fire, which it usually sends forth. The rest we forbear to name.   
9 The Hesperides, which are often mentioned by the ancient Poets, in the Fable of Atlas his Daughters. It was supposed to be the Seat of their blessed, which they called the Elysian Fields: and indeed it is a happy Soil, the Wether always fair, the Season also temperate, and the Air never extreme.  
10 The Canaries and they are 7.  
1. Canary is plentiful in Barley, Sugarcanes, Honey, Wax, Kine, Camels, Goats, Woad for Dyers, and Canary Wine, which at first was accounted good for cold stomaches, but is now brought in such abundance (to supply Luxury) that (as it is reported) there are 3000 Tuns vended yearly into England and Holland.  
2 Teneriffa hath a Mountain in it, which (as some affirm) may be seen 80 Leagues, or more, at Sea, in a clear day. This Island is as fruitful as Canary; but hath no Water but from a Cloud, which at Noon dissolves, and is conveyed into several parts.  
3 Gomera, though formerly most barbarous, yet is now as well manured as the rest.  
4 Ferra, hath no fresh water, but what they preserve in showers, both for themselves and Beasts; but a happiness it is, if they have them oft.  
5 Palma is well stored with Cattle, Cheese, Sugar, and Wine; and is the place where our Ships touch to refresh themselves, in their Voyage towards America.  
6 Fort Ventura, which is of the same nature with the rest.  
7 Lancerote, whose Inhabitants were the first that were made subject to the Spaniards, and were then so rude and ignorant, that they did account it the greatest work that could be put upon them, to kill a Beast; and did therefore impose it on condemned persons and prisoners. But now they are most Christians of the Church of Rome, and their Seat of Justice, is in that Isle called Canary. There are some others, but of little account, and therefore I omit them.  
And as for the knowledge of the Cities of most note, that are within this part, we shall refer you to the Map of Africa.    

A View of AMERICA, (or, as we may call it, The New World; for that it was last discovered.)  
AMERICA, or, The New World (so called, because it was last discovered, and from its bigness) Christopher Columbus was the first that opened a gap into it. Next to him, Americus Vesputius, who gave it that name. Ferdinando Magellanicus first attempted, and found out the compass of the South-Sea Limits which beareth his Name. Our own Heroics, Sir Francis Drake, and Noble Candish followed, and added to what was done by them: Davis and Forbisher, two Englishmen, went fair for a Passage round, and have left their Names behind them, in the North part thereof, as is expressed in the Map. This New World, or America, hath many Mines, in some whereof (as it is reported) they hardly find so much Earth, as Gold, which they exchange for Axes, Hammers, Knives, and such like Tools: for want of which, they (formerly) made their Boats, or Canoes, with the force of fire. There are such multitudes of Bulls and Kine, that the Spaniards kill thousands yearly, only for their Tallow and Hides: It is also very plentiful in Spices and Fruits, and divers strange Beasts and Birds, which other parts are ignorant of: as Dear without Horns; a kind of Hare resembling a Cat in its Tail, a Want in its feet, and under his Chin is a little bag, which Nature hath taught him to make a Storehouse: for having filled his belly, he reserveth the rest therein: And here is a Bird so big, that it will seize on a Calf, or Sheep, and devour it. Here is another also as little, called Tomineo, of all colours, yet hardly bigger than a Butterfly, and is as sweet as the Nightingale in note.  
The People are indifferent fair, (though a good part of it lieth in the same Parallel, as the Land of Negroes: so that it appears, that the heat of the Sun is not the sole and only cause of blackness) and it is most probable, that these people came first out of Tartary, (not only by reason of their rude and barbarous manners, but also) because America is parted from thence by a very small strait; as appears in the Map, to which I refer you. But from whomsoever these People descended, they have surely been here many Ages, which clearly appears, because no part was found without Inhabitants, by any of the first Discoverers; though now much diminished by the cruelty of the Spaniards, who killed them like Beasts, not suffering them to enjoy their Natural Birthright, though there was Land and Riches enough, both for the one and the other.  
But in our Description of this Western Hemisphere, we shall speak to it, as it is now known and discovered in the several Countries, and then of Its Islands. And this we would have you note, that when we say the People, you are to understand the old and Natural Inhabitants, except we express the contrary. We will begin in the North part, because that is the upper-part of our Map, and the Cardinal, or chief Point, of the Wind or Compass.  
As for the furthest North of all, we can say little, only that some small Discoveries have been made by our English to several parts: as appears by the several Names given thereto; as New-North Wales, New-South-Wales, New-Brittain, Buttons-Bay, Hudsons' straits, and the like, which you may see in the Map.  
Estotiland is but little known; and therefore this is all that we can say of it, That it is very cold, yet is said to have divers Metals and Fruits, necessary for the life of the People, whose Clothing is the Skins of Beasts, and Sea-Calves; Labourers Land is like to it, and they are accounted both as one.  
Terra-corterealis was first discovered by Sebastian Cabot, Anno 1499. (at the charge of Hen. 7th) who found good store of great Stags, White Bears, and abundance of Codfish: but returning home, (there being preparation for a War with Scotland,) nothing was done in further Discovery.  
Canada, on the North of New-France, all we can say of it, is, that the French have taken some possession hereof, and that it affords good store of Wild-Beasts and Fish.  
New-France hath plenty of Stags; Hares, Coneys, Bears, Foxes, and Fish. The people are rude, Idolaters, and are allowed two or three Wives apiece. The Women labour more than the men, both in digging the ground, and in Fishing; and are so constant, that they will not marry after the death of their Husbands.  
New Scotland, containing that part to New-France, which was by King James called Cady, in his Grant to Sir William Alexander, 1621. But he, for want of means, sold it to the French.  
Norumbega, the soil is fruitful, and the Air of an indifferent temper: the men are given much to Hunting, and the women love their Husbands well: for until the death of their Husbands be revenged, (if at any time they be killed) they will neither eat flesh, nor marry.  
New-England, (now come we to have the Countries better distinguished, that they may be discerned in the Map, for thereunto we refer you) hath on the South-West New-Netherland, on the North-East Norumbega: The rest, either borders on the Sea, or is not well discovered. The Air is much like to that of England, and the soil fruitful, in the Natural Commodities; as also in those that were carried from England. It affords great store of Wood, Deer, Fruit, Swans, Ducks, Geese, Partridge, Pigeons, and the like. But the chief Commodities are Amber, rich Furs, Iron, Pitch, etc.  
New-Netherland hath on the South-West Virginia, and on the North-East New-England. The Air is good, and the soil fruitful, abounding with Nuts and Wild-Grapes, and is within the Hollanders jurisdiction. Their Woods are stored with Deer, their Plains with Fowl, and their Rivers with Fish. They have also Grain, Hemp, and Flax, in good plenty. The people are fickle, yet true to them that trust them; and did use Bows and Arrows, until the Dutch furnished them with Arms, and shown them how to use them; but they were the first that felt the smart. Their Religion is gross Idolatry, for they worship the Devil, by the name of Meneto.  
Virginia is bounded on the South-West with Florida, on the North-East with New-Netherland: The Country is mixed with Hills and Valleys, affording not only Woods, Fruits and Corn; but plenty of Cattle, Fowl, Fish, Turpentine, Pitch, Gums, Alum, and some Mines of Copper and Iron.  
The People are crafty and inconstant, for the most part full limbed and tall, wearing an Apron, and a lose Garment, and paint their bodies with horrid shapes of Serpents, and other Creatures. They worship whatsoever is like to hurt them; as Water, Thunder, Fire, and the like.  
Florida is bounded on the East with the Sea, called Mare Del Nort; on the West with some part of New-Spain, and some Countries not yet well known: On the South, the Gulf of Mexico; and on the North, East-Virginia: It was first discovered by Cabot, an Englishman, in the year 1497. though better searched into, by John de Ponce, a Spaniard Anno 1527.  
The People are of a big stature, and go naked, except their secret parts, which they cover with some skins. They have many Hermaphrodites, which they put to all kind of drudgery. And herein are divers sorts of Woods; as Bay-Trees, Cypress, Cedars, Oaks, and the like. Also wild and tame Beasts; with several sorts of Fruits, and some Mines of Gold and Silver.  
New-Albion lieth on the West of California, and was first discovered by Sir Francis Drake, who gave it that name in honour of England, which was once called Albion: But because it lieth at such a distance from thence, (that little or no benefit could be returned), it hath been neglected. Beyond it, lieth the Kingdom of Quivira, and Anian: The last so called from the straits of Anian, which parts America from Asia.  
New-Spain is bounded on the East with the Gulf of Mexico, on the West with the Gulf of California, and part of Mare Del Zur; on the South with Mary Del Zur, on the Southeast with Guatimalia, & the North not yet discovered. The Air is very hot, but much qualified by the cooling-Winds which come from the Sea, almost on three sides. The people are more ingenuous, than the rest of the savadges, curious in painting upon Cotton what is presented to their Eyes: Neither are any more expert in refining Metals, or making of their Feather-Pictures, at which they will sit a whole day touching and trying, how they may best fit each Feather to the place assigned. The Country affords plenty of Citrons, Pomegranates, Cherries, and other European Fruits; many Silver and Brass Mines, but few of Gold or Iron, all of them mixed with Lead; good plenty of Beasts and Birds, both tame and wild: also Fish, and Bees without flings, breed here in abundance. But there is a kind of Fly, or Gnat, which doth offend the Inhabitants. Herein also is a Tree which is planted, and dressed as a Vine, which is reported to have 40 several sorts or kinds of Leaves, fit for divers uses: for they make of them Mantles, Shoes, Paper, and many other things. From the top comes a juice like Syrup; which if purified, becomes Sugar; if boiled, Honey. And there is a Mountain called Propocampeth, in the Province of Mexico, which sends out streams of fire like Mount Aetna in Sicilia, and another in the Province of Guatimalia, which casteth forth two streams of fire: the one of black Pitch, and the other of red.  
Guatimalia is bounded on the South with Castilia del Oro, or Golden Castle; on the North-West with New-Spain; and the rest with the Sea, as appears in the Map. It is divided into these six Provinces.  
1. Guatimalia, specially so called, is mountainous, but wanteth not Rivers; by reason whereof, it hath not only good plenty of Fish, but much good Pasture, well stored with Cattle; nor is it barren in Maize, Wheat, and other Provision; plenty of cotton-wool, many Apothecary's Drugs, some Balsams, and good Sulphur.  
2. Hundura is full of Hills and Valleys, fruitful in Maize and Wheat; but not much Campaign: very rich in Pastures, by reason of the overflowing of their Rivers. The people are so idle, that they had rather feed on Roots, then labour to till the ground.  
3 Chiapa is not very fit for most kind of Fruits, nor Corn; the Trees are bigger than in other places, as Cypress, Cedars, Pines, and Oaks, and whole Woods of Walnuts; but they not so big as in Europe. The Country is full of venomous Creatures; of which the Snakes are none of the least for offence nor greatness, some of them being reported to be twenty foot in length. Many of their Trees do not only afford , and some precious Gums; but also some, whose leaves being dried to a Powder, make a good Plaster for exulcerating Sores. There is likewise a Spring in the Cantred of Tafixa, which in Winter is dry, and in Summer full of water.  
4. Verapaz is full of Hills and Valleys, most overgrown with thick and large Woods, which so hinder the Wind, that they have Rain for near nine months in the year: by reason whereof, their Fruits are much annoyed with a kind of Gnats; but they have good store of Fish, and some of the Trees drop Amber: some, Mastic: and others, Gums. They have also many Medicinal Woods.  
5 Veragua is neither fit for Pasture, nor Tillage, because both barren and mountainous, yet yieldeth Maize and Herbs; but the want of other necessaries is supplied with Aurum Potabile, Silver, and such never fading Mines of Gold, that the Spaniards think themselves able to cure all Diseases, and supply all wants.  
6 Incargua is well stored with Cattle and Trees, though little Corn, and but few Rivers: the want whereof is supplied by a great Lake, called Nicaragua, (which ebbs and flows as the Sea) wherein are good store of Fish, and many Crocodiles: it is said to have as many Parrots, as England hath Crows: also plenty of Sugarcanes, and cotton-wool.  
Castilia del oro, or Golden Castle, is bounded on the East with the Gulf of Venezala, and some part of Paria; on the West, with some part of Guatimalia, and Mare Deal Zur: on the South with New-Granada: and on the North with Mare. Del Nort: It is divided into these five parts.  
1 New-Andalusia is mountainous, and full of Woods; wherein are good store of Gums, , and some kind of Balsams: The soil is very moist, through the abundance of Rain which falls thereon, so as few of our European Fruits come to good.  
2 Martha is so mountainous and barren, that it is not fit for Pasture or Tillage; yet doth it produce Pomegranates, Lemons, and other Fruits, that are brought out of Spain. The Air on the Sea-coast is sealding hot, but in the midland parts cold, because some Mountains are always covered with Snow: some of which the Mariners discern 30 Leagues at Sea: and by reason of these Hills, the Inhabitants do pretty well preserve their liberty, in despite of the Spaniards.  
3 Panama lieth in the narrowest part of the Isthmus, or straits, which join both the Peninsulaes' together. The Air hereof is very hot and foggy; but especially from May to November: (and therefore not healthful.) The soil is either mountainous and barren, or low and miry, unfit for grain, so as it yields nothing but Maize, (and but little of that); but it is better for Pasture.  
4 Darien, the Air is good, and the soil so fruitful, in the increase of Melons, and other Fruits, that they are ripe within 20 days after they are sown; and here are Fowl and Beasts in great plenty: the like not heard of in o●her parts.  
5 De la Hatha hath very good Salt, divers Mines of Gold, some gems of much value: And the Soil is fruitful in such Plants as are brought from Spain.  
Paria is bounded on the East with Guiana, on the West with the Gulf of Venezala: on the South it is not discovered, and on the North it hath Mare Del Nort: It is divided into these two parts.  
1. Cumana (so far as it is discovered) is neither pleasant nor rich, covered with Bushes and Briers, but is in esteem for an excellent Salt that is found near the Bay of Carico, in great abundance. The people are treacherous, highminded, and revengeful, accustomed to use poisoned Arrows, which they venom with Snakes blood, and other mixtures. They have many Wives, which they prostitute to the Piacoes, or Priest, for the first night's lodging. They also put strange colours on their bodies instead of garments; and like black Teeth so well, that they take great pains to make them so. And are singular from others, not only in fencing their Ground or Orchard with a Cotton-thread as high as the middle, with an Opinion, that whosoever goes under, over, or breaks it, shall die immediately; but also in feeding on Spiders, Horseleeches, Worms, Grasshoppers, and the like.  
2. Venezala, is so plentiful of Grain, Cattle, and Fruits, that it doth not only supply themselves, but spareth the Neighbouring Nations, such store of wheat, Meal, Swine's flesh, Fish, Oxen, Hides, and Cotton-Cloth, that it is called a Granary.  
The Women are trained up to leap, ride, run, and swim, as we●l as the men; and do not only look to the hou●e, but till the Land, whilst the men fish and hunt.  
Guiana is bounded on the East with some part of the Atlantic Ocean, and Brasile; on the West with part of Par●a, and some undiscovered Countries, which lie between it and ●eru; on the South with a good part of the River Amazons, and on the North with some part of the River Oronoque, and Mare Deal Nor, or the Atlantic Ocean.  
The People are without any settled Government, though they acknowledge some Superiority in the chief parts. The Richest, who have two or three Wives a piece; and the poorer, who have but one, are alike jealous, and if they take them in Adultery, they beat out their brains without more ado. Their Wives (but especially the eldest) they use as servants: and solemnize their Funerals with a strange Feast; for the men drink and sing, and the Women howl. Their Accounts and Reckon they keep by a bundle of sticks, which they either increase or diminish, as they have occasion. The Country is divided into these three parts:  
1. Guiana (specially so called) is so fruitful, that on the shrubs grow plenty of Cotton, Sugarcanes, without planting, and Tobacco to nine handfuls long. Their Fields are well stored with Beasts, which they call Moyres, (in use and shape resembling Kine, but without horns) their Woods with Venison, and their Rivers with Fish. They make their Bread and Drink of a Plant called Cassavi; and a great part of their Food is Fish, which they intoxicate with a strong-scented Wood, and so take them up, while they are floating on the top of the Water.  
2. Oronoque is very rich and pleasant, consisting of large Plains, adorned with unknown Plants and Flowers, and sometimes Hills intermingled, which are (reported to be) furnished with Mines of Silver and Gold, the Forests with Beasts and Fowl, and the Rivers with Fish: so that no Country in all America, can compare with this for abundance of Riches.  
3. Rio de las amazons, or the River of Amazons, though in some places it be dry, and barren; yet in others, very fruitful, and full of large Woods: wherein are most sorts of Trees, which are found in America: Amongst the rest, here is one peculiar to this place, which they call Too-ock, of a very large Bulk, and the Fruit as big as a man's head; so that when it is ripe, the people dare not go into the Woods without some strong shelter, for fear it should beat out their brains.  
New-Granada is bounded on the East with Guiana, on the West with Mare Del Zur; on the South the Countries not yet discovered, and on the North with Castilia Del Oro. It is generally full of Woods, and hath good Pasture in some parts; wherein are many Cattle, some Corn, Mines of Gold, and other Metals, but not so good. And here groweth the Wood Guatican, good for the French Pox.  
The Air hereof is much alike, both in Winter and Summer, the People tall and strong of body, and given much to dancing and singing.  
Peru is bounded on the East, with a great ridge of Mountains called Andes, on the West with Mare Del Zur, on the South with Chile, and on the North with some part of New-Granada. It affords very little Maize or Wheat, so that the Inhabitants live most on Roots, yet they have store of a kind of sheep, (which they call Pacos) as big as a small breed of Horses, but in taste as pleasant as our English Mutton, and not inferior for nourishment; nor are they only of good use for their fleece and flesh, but also to carry burdens; and so well they know their own strength, that if they are overladen, no blows will make them go, till their burden be lightened. Herein are also a multitude of Beasls, like wild Goats. And though the great Riches of this Country be in the never-fading Mines of Gold and Silver, yet Tobacco is no small profit to the Spaniard. The people are ignorant of Letters, but well skilled in such Weapons as they had been used to. Of good courage in War, and fearless of death, prompt thereto by an old conceit, that in the other World they shall eat, drink, and love Women: And therefore divers times at the Burials of great persons (who were attended on in this life) they use to kill and bury one or more of his servants with him, to wait upon him in the other World. This Country is of a vast length, but the breadth not answerable.  
Chile is bounded on the East with some unknown Countries; on the West with the Pacifick Sea, or Mare deal Zur; on the South with the straits of Magellanica; and on the North with that part of Peru, called the Desert of Alacama.  
It lieth almost wholly between the straits of Magellanica, and the Tropic of Capricorn, and therefore in the South temperate-Zone: and yet (as some say) extreme cold, insomuch that some are frozen to death, and hardened like Marble. And though the Midland be mountainous and barren: yet towards the Sea it is very fruitful in Maize and Wheat, and hath very good Pasture, stored with Cattle, plenty of Gold, Silver, and Honey. The people are of a large stature, and white complexion.  
The straits of Magellan were so called from Magellanus, who first discovered them: Their breadth is very unequal; for in some places, it is 5 or 10 miles broad; in some 2 or 3, & in the narrowest but one. There are in all 3 several straits, which heretofore they were clear of. The first of which is most dangerous, because it ebbeth and floweth with violent swiftness. The second is bad enough, though least dangerous. The third is said to be of that nature, that let a man steer his course which way he will, the Wind will be still against him. And therefore it is no marvel, that Magellanus, when he had passed them, and got into the main Ocean, called it the Pacifick, or Peaceable Sea.  
Paraguay is bounded on the East with some part of the main Atlantic, on the West with some unknown Countries, between it and Chile; on the South with part of Chile, & the main Atlantic Ocean, & on the North with some part of Brasile. So far as it is discovered, it is said to be very fruitful in Wheat, and European Fruits: and the Cattle which are brought from Spain, increase much there. It hath some veins of Gold and Silver, Mines of Brass & Iron, Monkeys & Stags in abundance. I need not say that here are good store of Tigers, Lions, and such like Creatures; a few of them being too many.  
Brasile is bounded on the East with the Main Atlantic, on the West with some unknown Countries, on the South with Paraguay, and on the North with some part of Guiana, & the Atlantic Ocean. It is very fruitful in most places, were it not for the abundance of rain which doth often fall: yet Sugarcanes grow here in great plenty, and a kind of Wheat which is always growing, and continually ripe; for when some is ripe, others blossom. And here is a certain Plant called Copiba, the virtue of which is known to the very Beasts: for if they are bit by any venomous Creature, they resort to it for cure.  
The people are the Monsters of Nature, being malicious and barbarous: for when they get the body of a fat man, they (gather a company together, and) roast him, making a jovial Banquet therewith. They are said to worship no God at all, but adore the Rising-Sun, and believe the immortality of the Soul.  
This Country is not divided into Provinces or Nations, as other places, but into praefectures or Captainships (as the Portugals call them) of which there are 13. But we may not speak particularly to them.  

The Islands of America, in the Atlantic Ocean.  
Newfoundland was discovered by John Cabot, 1497. who was employed by Hen. 7th. It is said to be indifferent well-peopled, and accordingly furnished with other Necessaries, but Fish in abundance, of several sorts, and many safe and commodious Havens.  
Further towards the East by the Azores, or Acores, which are in number 9 Of which that called Fayall, is of most note with us, for our Noble Sir Walter Rauleights Victory over the Spaniard. And now come we back again towards New-France, and there is Sablon, then St. Anna, and more towards Virginia, are Bermudas, or the Summer-Islands: (so called from Sir George Summer, who first discovered them:) which are very small, except that from which the rest take their name. The Air is hot, but healthy: (as the English find who now possess them.) And now we will go towards the Bay of Mexico, and take a view of some few of those many, if not numberless, multitudes. And so come down by the Antillas', or Camercane, commonly called the Caribian Islands.  
1 Lucaia, 2 Bahama, 3 Abacoa, 4 Tiguasea, 5 Guateo, 6 Cuba; the biggest of all the rest, abounding in Sugar, Ginger, Cinnamon, Cassia, Aloes, Mastic, Cattle, Fowl, & fish; excellent brass & gold, though somewhat drossy.  
7 Jamaica is plentifully stored with divers kinds of Fruits, Cattle, Cotton, and most necessary things, and was once very populous, though now the Spaniards cruelty hath made it destitute of the Natural Inhabitants; for so horridly did they use them, that they chose rather to kill their Children in the birth, then to leave them to the Spaniards mercy, (or rather slavery.)  
8 Hispaniola, the soil is so fruitful, that in 20 days, Fruits will be ripe, and the Meadows and Trees are always green. It affords Sugar, Ginger, Mines of Gold, Iron, and Brass, and Cattle in such plenty, that they grow wild for want of Owners.  
9 Margarita hath plenty of Maize and Fruits, but extreme defective in Water: It was discovered by Columbus, 1498.  
10 Cubagna is said to be destitute of Grass and Water, and therefore of Cattle, except some few Coneys; but on the Shores are found plenty of Pearls.  
11 Torgula affordeth such store of Salt, that 3 or 4 Ships are yearly loaded therewith; and although it be much beset with Rocks, yet it affords good Harbour for shipping.  
12 Catelina, or Providence, was granted to several Noblemen and their Successors, about 1620.  
13 Bonaire is naturally fruitful in little else but Trees, which are there in abundance, but now it hath Goats, Sheep, and other Cattle, which the Spaniards brought over with them.  
14 Trinidado, the Air is hot, cloudy, and unhealthy; but it is well stored with Maize, Sugarcan●s, Tobacco, cotton-wool, and Pitch in great abundance: also some Veins of Gold, and other Metals.  
15 Tobago is well stored with Wood, some whereof is not to be had in other places; it hath also Fish and Fowl in good plenty.  
16 Portrico, 17 Anguilla, 18 St. Martin, 19 Barbada, 20 Antigoa, 21 St. Christofal, 22 Mortinino; 23 Barbudos, And 24 St. Vincent; many of which are well known for several Commodities that I cannot stay to name; as Sugarcanes, cotton-wool, Tobacco, and the like.   

The Islands of American in Mare Del Zur, or the Pacifick Sea.  
1 California is situated over against Florida, and the Gulf of Mexico; the greatest part of it is above the Tropic of Cancer, and is reported to have plenty of Fish, Fowl, and wild Beasts.  
2 Ladrones, or, The Island of Thiefs, so called from the Natives theft, who stole Magellanus' Cockboat, when he first entered in. There are several others, which I will not trouble myself to name, but refer you to view them in their proper places in the Map; because they lie at too great a distance to be well known, and are not rich enough to invite the Merchant.  
And for the knowledge of the Cities, of most note herein, we shall do as we did in the other parts; namely, refer you to the Map of America, or to large Maps of the World and the parts also. With the which you may be fitted at the same place, where this Book is said to be sold, who doth print and colour them also.    

THE CHRONOLOGY.  
Years of the World.  Tears before Christ. 1 Adam created 3970 130 Seth born 3840 235 Enos born 3735 325 Kenan born 3645 395 Mahaleel born 3575 460 Jared born 3510 622 Henoch born 3348 687 Methuselah born 3283 874 Lamech born 3096 930 Adam died 3040 987 Henoch taken away 2983 1042 Seth died 2928 1056 Noah born 2914 1140 Enos died 2830 1235 Kenan died 2738 1290 Methalaleel died 2380 1422 Jared died 2548 1536 120 years began 2434 1556 Japhet born 2414 2558 Sem born 2412 1651 Lamech died 2319 1656 Methuselah died, and the flood destroyed all mankind, but Noah and his family 2314 1657 Man's age was shortened half in half 2313 1658 Arphaxad 2312 1693 Selah born 2277 1723 Eber born 2247 1757 Peleg born, and Babel builded 2213 1787 The 70 Families distinguished into 70 languages, and man's age half shortened 2183 1787 Regu born 2183 1849 Nahor born 2121 1878 Terah born 2092 1996 Peleg died 1974 1997 Nahor died 1973 2006 Noah died 1964 2008 Abraham born 1962 2018 Sarai born 1952 2026 Regu died 1944 2049 Serug died 1921 2083 Terah died, and the promise was made unto Abraham that Christ should be of his race, 430 years before the Law, and he went into Canaan 1887 2093 Hagar the Bondwoman, an Egyptian was given to Abraham 1877 2094 Ishmael born 1876 2096 Arphaxad died, being 438 years old 1874 2097 Abraham had two Sons, one by Hagar, and one by Sarai 1873 2099 Just Lot vexed at the un-godly 1871 2107 Sodom and Gomorra destroyed 1863 2109 Isaac born, Abraham and Ishmael were circumcised 1861 2111 Moab and Ammon born 1859 2114 Ishmael and Hagar were cast out, where began the first manifest afflictions of Abraham 1856 2126 Selah died, being 433 years old 1844 2128 Ishmael had 12 Dukedoms in the land of Cush 1842 2141 Abraham offered Isaac 1829 2145 Sarah died, being 127 years old 1825 2147 Abraham married Keturah 1823 2148 Isaac married Rebecca 1822 2158 Sem died, being 600 years old, whom some think was Melchifedeck 1812 2169 Jacob and Esau born 1801 2183 Abraham died, being 175 years old 1787 2187 Heber died, being 464 years old; he was the longest liver after the flood, and none after Babel's building exceeded much above half his years, for Peleg who lived longest had but 239 years 1783 2208 Esau took a wife of Canaan which was a grief to Rebecca, and displeased Isaac, therefore Esau went to Ishmael and took his daughter Maalath to wife 1762 2215 Esau sold his birthright for a mess of red pottage, therefore was his name called Edom 1755 2227 God gave unto him the land of Seir, of whom came many Dukes, Gen. 36. 1743 2231 Ishmael died, being 137 years old: the only wicked whose whole age is recorded in the law 1739 2235 Jacob stole the blessing from Esau 1735 2245 Jacob went to Laban, he saw a ladder reach up into heaven, and the Angels of God ascending and descending by it 1725 2250 Jacob fled into Aram, and Israel served for a wife 1720 2252 Leah was given to Jacob instead of Rachel 1718 2255 Judah was born 1715 2259 Joseph was born 1711 2264 Rebecca died 1706 2265 Jacob went from Laban, he wrestled with the Angel and was called Israel. Benjamin was born. Rachel died at Bethlem 1705 2275 Joseph was sold for a slave. Judah committed incest. Phares was born of Thamar his daughter in law 1695 2288 Isaac died, being 180 years old, he lived longest of any from Terah 1682 2289 Joseph expounded Pharoahs' dream 1681 2297 Hezron was born 1673 2298 Jacob went into Egypt with 70 souls 1672 2315 Jacob died in Egypt, being 147 years old 1655 2369 Joseph died in Egypt, being 110 years old 1601 2406 Nasson born 1564 2434 Moses born 1536 2441 Moses first received, and wrote Divinity with prophetical authority 1529 2460 Hosea was born 1510 2475 Moses visited his brethren, and about this time slew the Egyptian 1495 2476 Caleb born 1494 2512 Jannes and Jambres caused 10 plagues 1458 2515 Moses brought Israel out of Egypt 1455 2520 Moses received the Law 1450 2533 The Israelites were fed with Manna from Heaven 1437 2540 Rachab was born 1430 2541 Moses lift up the Serpent in the wilderness 1429 2545 Nasson died 1425 2553 Moses died being 120 years old 1417 2554 Hosea, Joshua or Jesus of Ephraim ruled 1416 2561 Years of Jubilee began 1409 2570 Joshua having ruled 17 years died 1400 2570 Othoniel began his reign 14●0 2603 Chusan of Aram began to reign over Eber 1367 2608 Salmon begat Booz of Rachab 1362 2610 Othoniel died 1360 2673 Eglon King of Moab, with Ammon, and Amaleck oppressed Israel 1297 2687 Samgar killed 600 Philistines with a Goad 1283 2691 A great famine in Israel 1279 2696 The people chose strange gods; for which the Lord sold them into the hand of Jabin King of Canaan 1274 2711 Sisera chief Captain to Jabin oppressed Israel twenty years 1259 2731 Magiddons field was fought by Barak wherein Sisera was overcome 1239 2732 Media oppressed Israel, and Gideon ended his government 1238 2771 Abimelech began to reign, and though he was bad he defended Israel after he had reigned 3 years, his brainpan was broke by a woman in Tebez, and he commanded his page to kill him outright 1199 2791 Israel again worshipped the gods of Aram, the Moabites oppressed them 18 years 1179 2794 Thola (after he had defended Israel 23 years) ended 1176 2808 Samson was born 1162 2814 Jeptha (having ruled 6 years) ended 1156 2817 The war of Thebes 1153 2831 Ibsan of Judah and Bethlem ruled 7 years, he had 30 sons and 30 daughters all married 1139 2832 Philistines oppressed Israel 40 years 1138 2833 Ibsan ended 1139 2834 Jesse born and Elon of Zebulon reigned 10 years 1136 2842 Abdon of Ephraim reigned 8 years 1128 2850 Samson of Dan judged his people 20 years 1120 2852 The destruction of Troy 1118 2855 Laviniam built 1115 2859 Aeneas reigned in Italy 1111 2870 Eli of Levi of Itama ruled 40 years 1100 2872 Brute entered this Island, and soon after built London 1098 2881 Samuel, a new Moses, was born 1089 2883 Alba longa was built 1087 2909 Eli his transmigration 1061 2910 Samuel and Saul reigned 40 years 1060 2912 The Ark was taken, and Hophni and Phineas were killed 1058 2919 David the seventh son of Jesse, and fourteenth from Abraham, was born in Bethlem 1051 2934 Samuel waxing old, his sons Joel and Abiah ruled but corruptly, therefore Israel desired a King not as Moses and the Judges were, but as the Heathen had 1036 2941 David killed Goliath, and was anointed in Bethlem 1029 2950 David was anointed King of Hebron at 30 years, as Christ was at his Baptism 1020 2957 He was anointed King of Jerusalem 1013 2972 Solomon was born 998 2977 Absoloms rebellion 993 2989 David died being 70 years old, and Solomon sat upon his Throne. 981 2990 Roboam born 980 2993 The foundation of the Temple was laid on mount Zion 977 3000 The Temple finished 970 3030 Solomon (having reigned 40 years) ended 940 3031 Roboam reigned over the two Tribes 939 3033 Judah and Israel were divided for Solomon's idolatry and Roboams tyranny, and Jeroboam confirmed King 937 3047 Abiam reigned 3 years he slew 500000 of Israel 923 3049 Asa reigned in Judah and cleansed his Kingdom from idolatry 921 3050 Nadab began to reign over Israel 920 3052 Baassa killed Nadab (when he had reigned two years) he performed Athaliahs' words upon Jeroboams house, Jehu told him of the like for himself, he reigned 24 years over Israel 918 3056 Jehosaphat born 914 3057 Asa made made a law that every one that sought not Jehovah should die under him, Judah had peace 10 years, he had 50000 warriors, and discomfited Zerah with 100000 of Cush and Lubin 913 3063 Elias born 907 3073 Homer flourished 897 3075 Elah of Baassa reigned two years 895 3076 Omri began to reign in the 31 years of Asa 894 3079 Joram born, Asa died, & Elias prophesied 891 3089 Jehosaphat reigned 25 years 881 3100 Bladud began to rule in this Island, and built  870 3106 Joram son of Achab reigned 12 years 864 3109 A great famine in Samaria, which continued 7 years 861 3111 Edom rebelled 859 3113 Jehosaphat ended 857 3118 Athalia the daughter of Achab, and Grandmother to Joas, killed the King's seed, and reigned 6 years, she had Sons by another which she tendered, and she was slain by the commandment of Jehoida. 862 3119 Jehu was anointed King, and reigned 28 years, he slew Jezabel, Joram, 70 sons of Achab, and 42 of Achaziahs' brethren his Uncle's sons 851 3124 Joas the natural son of Achaziah, being hid in the Temple 6 years by his father's sister, was in the 7th. year anointed King, and reigned 40 years, he repaired the Temple, but fell to idolatry and unthankfulness after the death of Jehoida, and was slain by his servants 846 3136 Dico builded Carthage 834 3156 Zachariah the Son of Jehoida was stoned to death between the Temple and the Altar 814 3160 Hazael King of Syria spoiled Jerusalem 810 3163 Joachaz reigned 17 years, in which time the Lord delivered him into the hands of Hazael King of Syria, but he prayed to the Lord, and he delivered him, and yet he did not departed from the sins of Jeroboam 807 3164 Joas overcome Benhadad the son of Hazael three times, he took Amaziah King of Judah, he broke down the walls of Jerusalem and spoiled the Temple, he died after he had reigned 16 years 806 3166 Amaziah began to reign, and at first did that which was right, but after fell to idolatry, and was slain by his servants, having reigned 29 years. In his days Azariah was high Priest 804 3168 Jehoram began, he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and having reigned 41 years died. In his days Hosea, Amos and Jonah were Prophets, 802 3187 The Olympiades' began, being Games of running riding, wrestling, and other feats of activity 783 3198 The building of Rome. Ionas sent to convert Ninive, fled to Joppa, being hopeless to convert the City till he had been 3 days and 3 nights in the Whale's belly 772 3200 The Kingdom of Judah was ruled by States 770 3201 Ozias began to reign over Judah, his first great works are said to be after his father's death, to warn us that he ruled not with his father. Isai. Joel & Hosea were prophets in his time 769 3212 Zachariah began to reign oyer Israel, but he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and Shallum slew him, after he had reigned 6 months, and reigned in his stead 758 3232 Jotham born 738 3240 Menahems began to reign over Israel, he gave Pull the King of Assyria 1000 talents of silver, that his hand might be with him, to confirm the Kingdom in his hands, and he exacted money of all the mighty men of Israel 730 3250 Manahems ended, and Pekahiah began to reign over Israel, but Pekah one of his Captains slew him (in the second year of his reign) and reigned in his stead 720 3252 Jotham began to reign in Judah, he built the the gate of the Temple called Beautiful, and overcame the Ammonites. Isaiah, Nahum, and Micah were Prophets in his days 718 3268 Jotham ended having reigned 16 years, and Achab reigned in his stead, he drew his sons through the fire, and burnt incense in the high places, and took the gold and silver that was found in the house of the Lord and in the treasure of the King's house, and sent it for a present to the King of Assyria 702 3279 Osee made a conspiracy against Perah, and slew him, and reigned in his stead, he sent Oil for a present to the King of Egypt to win his favour. Obadiah, Amos, Ionas and Joel were Prophets in his days 691 3282 Hezekiah began to reign over Judah, and did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, he removed the high places, cut down the groves, broke in pieces the brazen serpent which Moses had set up 688 3295 Senacherib came against Jerusalem, were 185000 his soldiers were slain by an Angel 675 3299 Upon Hezekiahs' sickness the Sun went back 10 hours 671 3310 Manasses began to reign, and under him Esay was sawed to death 600 3365 Manasses having reigned 55 years ended, and Ammon began to reign over Judah, he served the idols which his father served, and was slain of his servants when he had reigned 2 years 601 3368 Josias succeeded Ammon, he walked in all the ways of David his father, and renewed the covenant with God. Jeremiah and Zephaniah were prophets in his time 602 3370 Eliakim, or Jehoiakim born 600 3375 Joachaz John, or Shallum born 595 3380 Jeremiah prophesied, he laboured to keep Judah from being carried to Babel, 40 years before the third captivity 590 3385 Moses original that was hid in the Temple, being about this time found, was caused to be read in the hearing of the people, by King Josias 585 3389 Mathanias or Thedek born 581 3390 Thale born 580 3393 Solon born 577 3398 Periander reigned at Corinth 572 3399 Josiah was slain with an arrow at Megiddon, having reigned 31 years 571 3399 Joachaz began to reign over Judah, he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and Pharaoh Necho put him in bonds at Riblath in the land of Hamath, and carried him into Egypt, and made Eliakim or Jehoiakim his brother King over Judah and Jerusalem, he was 25 years old when he began to reign, and he reigned 11 years 571 3406 The desolation of Jerusalem the first captivity and rest for the land 70 years 564 3407 Draco set forth his bloody Laws 563 3411 Arrion the Musician flourished 559 3413 Jehoiakim buried like an ass 557 3414 Zedekiah began to reign over Judah, he did evil in the sight of the Lord, and had h●s eyes put out by Nebuchadnezar in the 11th. year of his reign. Baruch, Ezekiel and Jeremiah were prophets, and Seraiah a high Priest in his time 556 3422 Jerusalem was taken, and the Temple burned, wherein began the third captivity which was to last seventy years 548 3423 Ezra born before Seraiah died 547 3425 Egypt contended with Babylon, against whom Ezekiel prophesied 545 3428 Pittacus flourished 542 3429 Chilo flourished 541 3431 Solon abolished the laws of Draco 539 3434 Nebuchadnezar conquered Egypt 536 3438 Pythagoras was famous in Italy 532 3445 Nebuchadnezar dreamt of a great tree cropped, bearing the heart of a Beast, Daniel expounded it of him 525 3454 Tarquin banished from Rome for the ravishment of Lucretia 516 3456 Cyrus' first began to reign 514 3457 Phalaris the Sicilian tyrant flourished 513 3461 Pisistratus the tyrant of Athens began 509 3465 Aesop was famous in these times 505 3468 Astyagus was subdued by Cyrus 502 3470 Babel's fall. Daniel was made high 500 3471 The word was named Messiah by an angel 499 3480 Croesus vanquished by Cyrus 490 3490 Balthasar was slain and Babylon taken 480 3491 The Jews returned out of captivity 479 3498 Ahasuerus the 3 King made a decree that all the Jews in his 127 Countries should die in one day, because their laws differed from the Heathen: But Mordecai and Adossa turned it on Hamon the Amalekite, 472 3499 Darius Artaxerxes was elected King of Persia, of Assur & of Babylon. He knew that God's wrath was upon his predecessors for hindering the Temple, and therefore he began it in the second, & finished it in the sixth year o● his reign. In h●● seventh year Ezra returned with authority to imprison, amerce, banish, and kill the disobedient Law 471 3500 Esther was married to Ahasuerus 470 3503 The fight at Marathon 467 3517 The expedition of Xerxes into Greece 453 3518 Zachary told of Babel to be as a pit without water 452 3519 Jerusalem was built by the seven, seven and the Cloisters about the Temple, wherefore the Temple is said to be 49 years in building 451 3526 Ezra came to Jerusalem 444 3531 Darius Persa the last King named in Scripture Nehemiah 12. 22. 439 3554 The Peloponensian war began 416 3581 The 30 Tyrants ruled at Athens, who slew more Citizens in 8 months then the war had consumed in 10 years 389 3586 Plato borne in Athens 384 3587 Conon overthrew the Lacedaemonian fleet 383 3589 The peace of Antalcidas obtained 381 3590 The Lacedæmonians broke that peace, and were vanquished by Epaminondas 380 3595 Epaminondas slain at Mantinaea. 377  Darius the Persian gave reward for the invention of new pleasures, and thereby was not ware how he had sold his Kingdom till another was proclaimed to bear his sceptre: He carried with him in the Camp 350 Concubines 377 3608 Alexander caused Judah to date from his reign, and that each sacrificers child born that year, should be named Alexander 362 3614 He licenced Sanballat to built a Temple for the Samaritans and false Jews. 356 3618 Dariuses vanquished by Alexander, and Persian Monarchy ended 352 3644 The Sadducees risen first about this time, who said there is no resurrection nor angel nor spirit, but this Sect fearing to be stoned by the people, pretended to lean on Moses, but not admitting any exposition 326 3658 Antiochus Soter King married his father's wife, which thing was infamous among the heathen. 312 3660 The 70 Interpreters translated the Old Testament into Greek 310 3700 Ptolemy Philip set forth a huge Army against Antiochus Megas  3714 Seleucus Callinicus was overcome by Ptolemy Evergetes, who spoilt the Country and carried his Nobles to Egypt, as the angel had foretell. 256 3727 The Pharisees opposed themselves against the Sadduces, and unskilfully they said, that Moses received another law besides the written, given by tradition 243 3748 Epimanes King of Egypt abrogated Moses laws, and confirmed heathenism in Judah 222 3793 Alexander Demetrius Nicators brother, killed Triplo, and himself was killed in wars against Parthia 177 3796 Philomether was killed in wars against his son in law 167 3796 John Simeons' son became a Sadducee, and made inquisition for all Pharisees and put them to death 174 3800 Physcon who had been King of Cizen married Cleopatra his natural sister, wife once to their brother, on the marriage killed her son by Philometer, in time he loathed her, and married her daughter Cleopatra, extreme cruelty he shown to his people that made him King and filled all with blood and banishment: after banishing others he fled with the Queen his wife, and sent for his eldest son from Ciren, and lest Alexandria should make him King, he killed him 170 3803 Aristobolus wore a Crown first of any Levite, he killed his brother Antigonus, and soon after died with torment of conscience, and vomiting blood 167 1812 His brother Alexander reigned after him, and killed 50000 Pharisees, he being a Sadducee and rejected by them 158 3817 Alexandria his wise succeeded him, and bore him two sons both strove for the Kingdom, and drew sundry nations to their factions 109 3839 Alexander who killed his mother, was made King, and banished 131 3849 The city of Jerusalem was surprised by Pompey on the Sabath day, and he placed Hircanus in the regiment, and carried Aristobolus with his two sons Antigonus and Alexander captive to Rome 121 3851 Alexander moved covetous Crassus to surprise Jerusalem, who spoilt the Temple of 60 tuns of gold, Crassus and his Camp were wholly overthrown at Charran by the Parthians 119 3860 Alexander was killed by Scipio 110 3863 Aristobulus the father, favoured by Julius Caesar; was poisoned by Pompey's side, Antigonus requested of Julius Caesar the kingdom of Judah, in which Pompey settled Hircanus: But he bestowed it upon Antipater, once Hircanus' servant 107 3875 Antipater was poisoned by Malchus 95 3877 Malchus was slain by Caessius 93 3878 Antigonus (helped by Pachor king of Parthia) reigned in Jerusalem 90 3881 Hircanus intifed to go to Pachor was of him kept prisoner 89 3883 Antonius and Cleopatra fought against Italy, and were overcome 87 3885 Herod escaped to Rome, and was there proclaimed king of Judah, and brought into the Capitol between Antonius and Octavius 85 3889 Tigranes was chosen king of Syria 81 3896 Seleucus house perished, and an Earthquake destroyed 170000 men and many cities 74 3899 Herod (with the help of Sosius) took Jerusalem 71  Antigonus was brought to Antonius, and of him beheaded, as an enemy to the people of Rome,  3912 Herod was afterwards confirmed by Antonius and Cleopatra Rulers of Egypt 58 3970 Jesus Christ was conceived in Nazareth, and born in Bethlem in Judah, Mat. 1. 3970 years from the creation, and in the 42 year of Augustus Caesar 000  
After 12 years of age, he went up to Jerusalem with his parents, and sat in the Temple in the midst of the Doctors, hearing and ask them questions, Luke 2. 41.  
After he was baptised he preached, and did many miracles, the knowledge of which one would think should convince the m●st obstinate, if they would but seriously consider those things recorded by the Evangelists. The which for your eas●e & ready finding, I have collected into this method and may call it, A brief of the Gospel, or a plain Table readily directing where to find the several things, taught, done, and suffered by Jesus Christ, through the Book of Matthew beginning at the first Chapter, which things are confirmed by the three other Evangelists and by the Apostles  
Mat. 2. Christ was circumcised the 8th. day, Joseph and Mary fled with him into Egypt, and so maliciously was He●od against him, that he sent forth and slew all the male children that were in Bethlem and all the coast thereof from two years old, and under. He dwelled in the city of Nazareth.  
Mat. 3. He was baptised of John in Jordan, and the heavens were opened, and he saw the spirit of God descending like a Dove and lightning upon him, and lo, a voice from heaven, saying, This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased.  
Mat. 4. Christ appeared to his Disciples, and sent them to teach, and baptise all nations.  
Mat. 5. He began his sermon in the mount, declared who are blessed, who are the salt of the earth, the light of the world, the city on a hill, that he came to fulfil the law, what it is to kill, to commit adultery, to swear, exhort, to suffer wrong, to love our enemies, to labour for perfectness.  
Mat. 6. He speaks of alms, prayer, forgiving our brethren, fasting, where our treasure is to be laid up, of serving God and Mammon, exhorts not to be careful for worldly things, but to seek God's kingdom  
Mat. 7. He ended his sermon in the mount, reproved rash judgement, forbids to cast holy things to dogs, exhorts to prayers, to enter in at the strait gate, to beware of false prophets, not to be hearers but doers of the word, likewise men who build on the rock and not on the sand.  
Mat. 8. He cleanseth the leper, healeth the palsy, the fever, and cast out devils, of many that were possessed, healed all that were sick, rebuked the winds and the Sea, and they were calm, he casts out the devils out of the two possessed, and suffers them to go into the Swine.  
Mat. 9 He called Matthew, eats with Publicans and sinners, cures the bloody issue, raised from death Jayrus daughter, gave sight to two blind men, healed a dumb man possessed with a devil, and had compassion on the multitude.  
Mat. 10. He sent out his 12 Apostles, enabling them with power to do miracles.  
Mat. 11. John sent his Disciples to Christ, Christ gave testimony concerning John, the opinion of the people both concerning John and Christ, Christ upbraids the unthankfulness and unrepentance of Chorazin, Bethesday, and Capernaum, and praiseth his father's wisdom in revealing the Gospel to the simple, he calleth those who have many and great sins to come to him  
Mat. 12 He reproves the blindness of the Pharisees concerning the breach of the Sabbath, by Scripture, reason, and by a miracle healeth the man possessed that was blind and dumb, declares that blasphemy against the holy Ghost shall not be forgiven, that account shall be made of idle words, rebukes the unthankful who seek after a sign, and shows who is his brother, and sister, and mother  
Mat. 13. He puts forth a parable of the seed, and expounds it, the parable of the tares, of the mustard seed, of the leaven, of the hid treasures, of the pearl, of the drawn net cast into the sea, and how he is contemned of his own Countrymen.  
Mat. 14. Herod's opinion of Christ, wherefore John was beheaded, Jesus departed into a desert place, where he feedeth 5000 men with five loaves and two fishes, he walks on the sea to his Disciples, landeth at Genazareth, and healeth the sick by the touch of the hem of his garment.  
Mat 15. Christ reproves the Scribes and Pharisees, for transgressing Gods commandments through their own tradition, and taught how that which goeth into the mouth doth not defile the man; he healed the daughter of the Woman of Canaan, he went up into a mountain, and great multitudes came unto him bringing with them those that were dumb, maimed, and many others, and cast them down at Jesus feet, and he healed them, insomuch that the multitude wondered when they saw the dumb to speak, the maimed to be whole, the lame to walk, and the blind to see, and they glorified the God of Israel. He had compassion on the multitude, because they had not eaten in th●ee days, and with 7 loaves and a few little fishes fed 4000 men, besides women and children, and yet there remained of broken meat seven Baskets full.  
Mat. 16. The Pharisees require a sign, he warneth his Disciples of the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Sadducees, foreshoweth his death, reproveth Peter for dissuading him from it, and admonisheth those that will follow him to bear the Cross.  
Mat. 17. He is transfigured, healeth the lunatic, foretelleth his own passion, and payeth tribute.  
Mat. 18. He warneth his Disciples to be humble, and harmless to avoid offences, and not to desp●se the little ones, teacheth how we are to deal with our brethren when they offend us, and how oft to forgive them.  
Mat. 19 He healeth the sick, answereth the Pharisees concerning divorcement, showeth when marriage is necessary, receiveth little children, ●nstructeth the young man how to atto●ne eternal life, and how to be perfect, telleth his Disciples, how hard it is for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God, and promiseth reward to those that forsake any thing to follow him.  
Mat. 20. By the similitude of the labourers in the vineyard, he showeth that God is debtor to no man, foretelleth his passion by answering the mother of Zebedees' children, teacheth his Desciples to be lowly, and giveth sight to two blind men.  
Mat. 21. He rideth into Jerusalem upon an Ass, driveth the buyers and sellers out of the Temple, curseth the Figtree putteth to silence the Priests and Elders, and and rebuked them by similitude of the two sons and the husbandman who slew such as were sent unto them▪  
Mat. 22. He putteth forth a parable, of the marriage, of the king's son, sheweth who should come thereto, punishment of him that wanted the wedding garment. He showeth that tribute ought to be paid to Caesar, confutes the saducees who denied the Resurrection, tells the Lawyers which is the first and great Commandment, and poseth the Pharisees about the Messiah.  
Mat. ●●. He admonished the people to follow the good Doctrines, not the evil examples of the Scribes and Pharisees, and of ambition, he denounceth 8 Woes against their hyprocrisies and blindness, and prophesieth of the destruction of Jerusalem.  
Mat. 24. He foretelleth the destruction of the Temple, what, and how great calamities shall be before it, the signs of his coming to judgement, and because that day and hour is unknown, we ought to watch like good servants, expecting every moment our masters coming.  
Mat. 25. He propounded the parable of the 10 Virgins, and the Talon, and also gives a description of the last judgement.  
Mat. 26. The Rulers conspireth against Christ, the woman anointed his feet, Judas kelleth him, eateth the Passeover, instituted his supper, prayeth in the Garden and being betrayed with a kiss, is carried to Caiphas, and is denied of Peter.  
Mat. 27. He is delivered bound to Pilate, Judas hangeth himself, Pilate being admonished of his wife, washeth his hands, & looseth Barrabas. Christ is crowned with thorns, crucified, reviled, dieth, and is buried, his sepulchre is sealed, and watched.  
Mat. 28. Christ's resurrection is declared by an Angel to the women, he himself appears unto them the high Priests give the soldiers money to say that he was stolen out of his sepulchre, he appears to his Desciples and sends them to teach and baptise all Nations.  
I will refer you to two other scriptures, where Christ wrought two great miracles, the one is the curing of him that was diseased 38 years, John 5. The other is his raising of Lazarus after he had been dead 4 days. John 9  
He ascended into Heaven, Mark 16. 19 Acts 1. 9 and sent the Holy Ghost on his Apostles and they spoke with other tongues, Act. 2. 4. and is at the right hand of God making intercession for us, Rom. 8. 34. for as in Adam all died or were put into a state of condemnation, so in Christ all are made alive or put into a state or condition, in which they may have salvation if they neglect it not, 1 Cor. 15. 22. Rom. 5. 18, 19  
Pilate who gave sentence against Christ, slew himself in the time of Cajus 30 St. Stephen was stoned, and St. Paul converted to the Christian faith 43 St. James beheaded, and Agrippa eaten of the worms 44 Simon Magus the forcerer, perceiving his withcraft did not prevail and himself slighted, told the people of Rome that he would leave them, and flee into Heaven from whence he came. A certain day being appointed, he climbed up into the high Capitol whence he took his flight by means of his witchcraft, and the spirits which bore him up in the air, the people thereat being amazed, Peter fell down and prayed to God that his witchcraft might be revealed to the World, he had no sooner prayed, but down came Simon Magus, and bruised himself in pieces, so that he died miserable 47 Seneca flourished 50 Rome by the commandment of Nero was set on fire 61 Joseph of Arimathea came into England, and the first persecution began in the 10th. year of Nero 63 St. Peter and St. Paul were put to death 66 Jerusalem was destroyed by Titus 70 The Temple of Peace at Rome finished 71 The second persecution began under Domitian 89 St. John banished into the Island of Pathmos 90 He wrote his Revelations 95 The third persecution under Trajan 100 Ignat us Bishop of Antioch suffered Martyrdom 111 The J●ws rebelling against the Romans were slain in Egypt and Cyprus 114 The fourth persecution under Adrian 126 A new town built, where the old Jerusalem was, and called Elia 135 The fifth persecution under Amelius 167 Pol●ca●pus Bishop of Sm●rna burned 169 Lucius began his reign, and in his time England received the Christian faith 177 The Christian faith received in Scotland 201 The sixth persecution under Severus 202 Tertullian a priest of Carthage in afric flourished 210 Leonides (the father of Origen) was beheaded 215 Origen flourished in Alexandria 216 Potamiena a Virgin, together with her mother burned, 220 The seventh persecution under Maximinus 236 Cyprian B●shop of Carthage died 249 The eighth persecution under Decius 251 A whole Synod held at Carthage, in the time of Cyprian did err Euseb. book 7 254 The ninth persecution under Valerianus 257 Galienus his son reigned, and restored peace unto the Christians 262 Diocletian began the tenth persecution 302 He deposed himself voluntarily, and lived a private life 307 Maximinianus (who reigned with him) hangeth himself 310 Peter Bishop of Alexandria was beheaded 311 Manes the Heretic called himself Christ and the comforter, and chose unto himself 12 Apostles, he taught that there were many Gods, and that the Sun was to be worshipped, he took the king of Persia his son to cure him, and killed him, whereupon the king imprisoned him: but he broke prison and fled into Mesopotamia, and was there taken, and flaid alive, his skin filled with chaff and hanged at the gate of the City 320 Constantine procured a peace for the Christians, he was the first Christian Emperor 324 The first general Council, 325 Christian Churches built by Constantine, for in the tenth persecution they were greatly demolished 332 Frumentius made Bishop by Athanasius, and sent to convert the Indians 333 Athanasius died 334 Cyrillus an Arrian was chosen Bishop of Jerusalem 344 Julian succeeded Constantius in the Empire, he became an Apostate, banished the Christians out of his court, and entertained Philosophers and Conjurers in their stead 365 Macelonius and Tatianus were boiled to death 366 Artemius a noble man was beheaded for the faith 367 Julian was slain with an arrow in a battle against the Persians and Jovianus was Emperor in his stead 369 Valentinianus, one whom Julian banished his court succeeded Jovianus in the Empire, and joined with him his brother Valens 368 80 Priests were put in a ship and burned by the Commandment of Valens the Arrian Emperor 381 Jerom the learned writer, whose works are famous throughout the World, flourished about this time 383 Augustine Bishop of Hippo, wrote sundry excellent Books 386 Theodosius the Emperor died 396 Nectarius a man of profound learning was chosen B. of Constantinople by 150 Bishops 397 He banished Confession, and the shriving Priests out of the Church, because a Deacon abused a grave Matron under colour of confession 399 John chrysostom was B. of Constantinople after Nectarius 401 He was deposed by the procurement of the Empress, and died in banishment 412 Orostus a learned Historiographer flourished about this time 413 Cynesius B. of Cyrene an eloquent man and a profound Philosopher flourished 430 A council called at Ephesus of 200 Bishops where Nestorius the Heretic was condemned 434 Polichronus B. of Jerusalem, was deposed for simony and extortion 435 Socrates Scholasticus who wrote seven books of Ecclesiastical history, was of great fame throughout all Greece 438 Theodoretus B. of Cyrus wrote the Ecclesiastical history comprising 105 years  Sozomenus wrote the Ecclesiastical history from Constantine the Great, to the reign of Theodosius the younger 443 A Provincial Council held at Constantinople, were Eutiches the heretic was condemned 446 An heretical Council held at Ephesus, where by means of Dioscurus B. of Alexandria Eutiches was restored 446 A Council of 630 Bishops held at Chalcedon where Dioscurus was deposed and Nestorius, Eutiches, and Macedonius condemned 450 Theodosius (was by the Monks) made B. of Jerusalem in the absence of Juvenalis, but he was deposed by Martianus the Emperor, and the other restored 451 John Damascenus a learned writer, wrote against the Arrians 453 Timotheus Aelurus a Monk, was by the seditious persons made Bishop of Alexandria, but was immediately deposed by Leo 454 Paulinus Bishop of Nola in Italy, was of great fame about this time, he gave all his substance to redeem captives and poor prisoners 458 Basilius' Bishop of Antioch 459 Timotheus Aelurus was called from exile (where he had been 18 years) by Basiliscus the Tyrant, and restored to the Sea of Alexandria 463 Letus a learned man was burned by Honorius the Arrian 475 Fulgentius flourished about this time 484 All the Bishops of afric came together, by the command of Honorius the Arrian, where his heresy was confirmed, and 444 Bishops exiled 485 A Synod called of 70 B. was called at Rome by Gelasius where the Canonical Scriptures were severed from the Apocrypha 492 Flavianus B. of Antioch was deposed for sedition, by Anastasius the Emperor 493 Boetius a Christian Philosopher endured great persecution under Theodoricus the Arrian 494 Olympius an Arrian B. as he was blaspheming the Trinity, was suddenly smitten from heaven with three fiery darts, and burned quick 510 Theodosius B. of Alexandria was deposed by Justinianus, for maintaining the heresy of Eutiches 524 Priscianus the great Grammarian flourished 528 Muccarius Bishop of Jerusalem was deposed for heresy 532 Clocks and Dial's set up in Churches 606 The Persians took Jerusalem from the Romans 615 England was divided into Parishes 630 Cambridge was made an University 635 The Saracens took Jerusalem from the Persians 637 Painting, Glazing, and building with stone brought into England by one Benet a Monk 655 Organs first used in Churches 661 Egbridius first made England a Monarchy 762 The Turks took Jerusalem from the Saracens 1010 England conquered by Duke William 1066 St. Paul's Church burned 1068 Westminster Hall built 1102 London bridge new built with timber 1162 The first Major of London 1190 The Bible divided into chapters 1195 London bridge with 33 years' labour finished with stone 1209 London bridge burned 1212 Tyling first used in London 1247 The order of the Garter 1344 A frost from the midst of September until April 1364 The invention of Guns 1380 Printing first used in England 1440 St. Paul's again fired 1443 First yeomen of the guard 1485 Norwich defaced by fire 1508 Evil May day. Egypt was added to the Turkish Empire 1517 Luther wrote against the Pope's Indulgences 1517 Duke of Buckingham beheaded 1521 Tindals Testament first printed 1530 Queen Elizabeth born. Pope's authority abrogated in English 1534 L. Thomas Cromwell made Lord keeper 1536 The Bible appointed to be read, and Register books to be kept in every Parish 1538 Queen Katherine beheaded 1541 King Henry the 8 conquered Boulogne 1544 Great Hailstones shaped like men's heads. Earl of Hertford made Protector 1546 Kets rebellion at Norwich 1549 The sweeting sickness 1551 Coaches first used in England 1555 The Book of the Common Prayers established in English 1558 The last firing of St. Paul's steeple 1561 The plague at Newhaven 1563 The great frost 1564 The Royal Exchange built 1565 L. Darnley married the Queen of Scots 1565 K. James crowned king of Scotland 1567. The Earls rebellion in the North 1569 The battle at Lepanto 1570 Duke of Northfolk beheaded. The massacre of the Protestants at Paris in France 1572 E. of Essex sent into Ireland, and made Captain General 1573 The heavens seemed to burn 1574 The black Assize at Oxford 1577 Furbishers third voyage 1578 An earthquake in England. Sir Francis Drakes voyage about the world 1580 Jesuits hanged 1582 Tobacco first used in England 1583 Antwerp besieged by the Spaniards 1584. 14 Traitors executed 1586 Qu. of Scots beheaded 1587. Tilbury camp on St. James day 1588. Portugal voyage 1589 Hacket hanged for blasphemy 1590. A Parliament began 1592. Dr. Lopez executed 1594 Dearth of corn by reason of former transportations 1595 The voyage to Cadiz 1596 K. Charles born 1600 Earl of Essex beheaded 1600 Monopolies restrained by the Queen 1601 Qu. Elizabeth died, and James the 6th. K. of Scotland proclaimed king of England 1602 A great plague in London whereof died in one year 30578 1603 Sir Walter Raleigh condemned, Watson, Clark and Brook executed 1603 A treaty of peace with Spain. K. James the first instiled King of great Britain 1604 The powder treason discovered. The oath of allegiance devised and administered 1605 Christianus K. of Denmark first arrived in England 1606 A great inundation in Somersetshire, and insurrection in Northamptonshire, King James made free of the Clothworkers, and Prince Henry of the Marchant-tailors 1607 The new Exchange built. St. Edmondsbury burned 1608 The new Exchange first finished with wares; fishing on the English coast forbidden to strangers, the high Commission Court complained of the Parliament and king James moved three things concerning the Common Law. 1 That it may be in English, 2 That it might have a settled text in all Cases. And 3 that all various Reports might be reconciled. The making of Alom brought to perfection in England, and Silkworms brought into England 1609 The K. of France murdered, Prince Henry made Prince of Wales 1610 Gold enhanced. Legate the Arrian burned 1611 Pr. Henry died. Plantation in Ireland by the Companies of London. Lady Elizabeth married to the Palsgrave at Whitehal 1612 They departed England, Dorchester and the Globe-playhouse burnt. The Artillery Compa. revived 1613 Stratford upon Avon burnt. The new River brought to London by Sr. Hugh Middleton-Morefields fashioned into Walks 1614 A great snow. The Lady A●bella died. Sir Th. Overbury poisoned, for which the Earl of Somerset, and his Lady were condemned. Smithfield paved 1615 Pr. Charles made prince of Wales. K. James went into Scotland. The Bishop of Spalleto came into England 1616 The king returned from Scotland. Sir George Villers made Duke of Buckingham. And Sir Walter Raleigh undertook the West-India voyage 1617. A declaration to lerating dancing about Maypoles, and other sports on Sundays. Sir Walter Raleigh returned and was beheaded in the Palace yard at Westminster. Divers Ministers sent from England to the Synod of Dort. A blazing Star appeared 1618. Queen Anne died. Alteration of Gold coins. Sir Rich. Weston Ambassador to Brussels 1619 bernard Calvert performed his Journey from Southwark to Calais, and back again in one day. A proclamation against talking of States affairs. 1620 Bishop of Spalleto retracted what he had formerly wrote in defence of the Protestants, and was therefore commanded to departed the Kingdom 1621. The English treated with the Spaniard, touching the restitution of the palatinate 1622 A massacre of the English by the Dutch in Amboyna 1622 Prince Charles returned from Spain. Blackfriars fall 1623. The marriage with France accorded, the Duke of Lenox died 1624. K. James died, and Prince Charles proclaimed king 1625 A great plague in London. A Parl. called at Oxford Two subsidies granted, and the Parl. dissolved which produced the loss of Rochel, the diversion of a hopefal war from the West-Indies to a successless attempt on Calais, and the Isle of Rhee. The marriage with France celebrated in Paris, Parliament began at Westm. Queen marry arrived at Dover.  Michaelmas term kept at Reading. A league with Denmark, Sweden, and the States against Spain. A second Parl. called, and a grant of five subsidies dissolved, many imprisoned for refusing to pay, and great sums of money extorted by privy Seals and excises. English ships arrested in France. Traffic with Spain prohibited. 1627. The voyage to the Isle of Rhee, Sir William Heyden slain there. Parliament began at Westm. Petition of right granted by the king's Commissions for loan and excise canceled 1627. Doctor Lamb murdered. London fined for his death. Duke of Buckingham slain by John Felton, for which he was executed at Tyburn. Parl. dissolved, and 10 of the members committed 1628. Peace with France concluded. An uproar in Fleetstreet, werein divers were slain, and for ●hich Capt. Ashenhurst and Capt. Stamford were executed 1629 Earl of Pembroke died, Pr. Charles borne. Peace with Spain proclaimed. The plague began at Cambridge 1630 Earl of Castlehaven beheaded on Tower hill. Broadway and Fitz Patrick executed. Lady Mary born 1631 St. Paul's began to be repaired. Buildings in Covent Garden begun by the E. of Bedford. Frankendal surrendered to the English. Pr. Elector died. A great fiere at London Bridge 1632 The King began his progress into Scotland, he was crowned at Edinburg. Duke of York born. A mask presented at Whitehal, by the Gentlemen of the four Inns of the Court. K. and Qu. feasted by the City 1633 Attorney General Noy projected the design of Ship-money. A Parl. called in Ireland, and a Synod assembled there 1634 Robert Parr (aged 152 years) brought out of Shropshire to London, where he shortly after died. Commotions about Ceremonies 1635 Ship-money debated. The King required the Judge's opinion touching the Legality of ship-money, 12 gave their opinions for it 1636 Prynne and Bastwick censured. Bishop Williams sentenced. Book of Liturgy sent into Scotland, and first read at Edinburgh. Scots petition against it. They entered into a Covenant. A great plague in London 1637 A Parl. called many imprisoned, and the Parl. dissolved. Great sums of money got by Knighthood, book of rates, ship-money, Monopolies of soap, salt, leather, Sea-coal. The first Major of Da●by. marquis Hambleton ●●t Commissioners into Scotland. He consulted with the Covenanters, and they demanded a general assembly and a Parl. The King granted the Scots their desires and sent Proposals to them. The Covenanter disliked the Proposals. A Declaration from the King nulling the service Book, high Commission, Canons, etc. Qu. Mother of France arrived in England. General assembly at Glascow, Bishops protested against it, and it was dissolved. The Covenanters began to arm and solicited France for aid. Scots papers dispersed in English (to vindicate their actions and intentions, were suppressed by the King 1638 King marched against the Scots, and declared against their actions. Parliament began in Scotland, dissolved by the king. The Covenanters desired a treaty. Pacification granted, and the armies disbanded. The king returned to London, and Scots papers burnt. Parl began in Scotland. 2 fight in the Downs between the Spanjard and the Dutch: Scots Parl. prorogued till June 1, 4 Scots Commissioners sent to the king, A Parl. summoned in Ireland by the Earl of Strafford to levy money to raise an army against the Scots, but they refusing to comply, were dissolved: Earl of Strafford returned into England, and the Scots Commissioners secured 1639 A Parl. began in England. The Scots letter to the French king produced in Parliament, and Earl of Lowden imprisoned for subscribing it. The Parl. dissolved, and some members imprisoned. Synod imposed a new oath: the Bishop's house beset with Prentices, some taken and imprisoned, and one of their ringleaders executed. Synod ended. Parl. at Edinburgh sat again. Henry Duke of Gloucester born, Newborn fight, Newcastle deserted, and possessed by the Scots, king set up his standard at York: He determined to call a Parl. to begin November 3. Commissioners treated with the Scots at Rippon, and a cessation from hostility agreed on. Nou. 3. the long Parl. began. 300000 l. given to the Scots towards their losses   
1641 Convocation house fined, Earl of Strafford beheaded. Voted that the Scots should receive 10000 l. in part of the 300000 l. given them. Two bills for putting down the high Commission Court, and Star-chamber. Owen Chonelly discovered the design of the Irish rebellion, Mat. Mahon and Lord Macquire taken and secured. The first rebellion began, whereby above 100000 Protestants were murdered. 200000 l. voted to be raised, for suppressing the Irish rebellion: 12 Bishops accused of high treason, for protesting against the Parliament. The Irish proclaimed Rebels. The King demanded five members.  
1642 Sir John Hotham denied the King's entrance into Hull: The Parl. made three Votes, First, that the King did intent to make war against his Parl. Secondly, that when he did make war, upon them it was a breach of the trust reposed in him, contrary to his oath, and tending to the destruction of his government, and thirdly, that whosoever should assist him were traitors. The great Seal carried to the King. The Earl of Essex marched out of London. Edghill battle, a weekly tax of 33580 l. imposed by the Parl.  
1643 Cheapside Cross demolished: Newberie first battle, the Covenant taken by the house of Commons. The Scots army entered England. A Parl. began at Oxford.  
1644 The Synod began at Westminster. The great battle on Marston-moor, New castle taken with storm. The king's army beaten the second time near Newberry. The Book of Common Prayer voted down. Sir Thomas Fairfax voted General, Capt. Hotham, Sir John Hotham and the Bishop of Canterbury beheaded. The treaty began at Uxbridge.  
1645 Oxford blocked up. The King's party routed at that memorable Battle of Naseby, Taunton the second time relieved. The Clubmen in Somersetshire suppressed, Mountross defeated in Scotland. Basin house taken by storm. Hereford, Emblodon, and Shipton Castles taken. Sir Jacob Ashley totally routed.  
1646 The King went out of Oxford disguised. He went to the Scots army at Southwel The Parliament voted, that the king should be disposed of by the Parliament of England, but the Scots excused themselves: Oxford, Sir Robert Pies house, and Farington surrendered. The Duke of Yorks servants discharged. John Lilburn Committed to the Tower. The great Seal broken. Earl of Essex died. General Fairfax came to London. The Scots received 200000 l, and went out of England. Excise house burnt. King brought to Holmby.  
1647 The King was taken from Holmby, and carried with the Army to New-market. An impeachment against 11 members. The king brought to Windsor. The Armay marched through London, General Fairfax made Constable of the Tower▪ The Forts and Works about the City slighted. The case of the army stated, and presented to the General by the Agitators of the army. The agreement of the people presented to the house of Commons by the Agitators of the army. The king fled into the Isle of Wight. Four bills presented to the king: Upon the king's refusal to sign the four propositions both houses passed these four votes: First, that they would make no more addresses to the King, Secondly, that none be made unto him, without leave of both houses, Thirdly, that he, or they, who should break this Order, should incur the penalty of High treason: Fourthly, that they would receive no more any message from him, and they enjoined that no person whatsoever should. The Parl. made a Declaration about the cause of the votes.  
1648 The trained bands by a tumult had their colors taken away in moorfield's, but part of the army quelled them the next day. The Earl of Warwick sent to take command of the Navy. Duke Hamilton with a numerous army invaded England. Hamiltons' army routed 300 slain, he and about 12000 taken. The Parliament nulled their former votes. The impeached members sat again. The treaty in the I'll of Wight. The General and Council of Officers presented a Remonstrance to the Parliament. The treaty ended. The king carried to Hurst-castle, from thence to Windsor. The supreme authority voted in Commons. An ordinance for the trial of the late king. The high Court of Justice proclaimed. Voted that writs should no longer run in the king's name. The Scots Commissioners delivered in papers, and a declaration from the Parliament of Scotland against the proceed of the English Parl. and army, for trial of the king. The king brought three times before the high Court of Justice, sentenced to death, and beheaded at Whitehall. The house of Lords voted useless and kingly office un-necessary. The great Seal broken and another brought in and approved. The oath of Allegiance and Supremacy nulled. A new stamp ordered for coining money. The crown Jewels, hang, and the rest of the king's goods ordered to be sold. Lord Cromwell voted Commander in chief of the forces sent against Ireland, and Sir Thomas Fairfax of England and Ireland  
1649 An act for assessing 90000 l. a month. The Earl of Pembroke admitted a Commoner. The monthly fast nulled: General Fairfax marched out against the Levellers. England voted a free state. The Act for abolishing kingly government proclaimed. Ordered that no ceremonies should be used to the king's children. An Act for sale of the Kings and Queens goods. 1000 l. per annum bestowed on Col. Jones, and 6 of the King's Horses. An Act for settling 2000 l. per annum on Precedent Bradshaw. An act settling 1000 l. per annum on Colonel Henry Mart, and an Act for 2000 l. gratuity to Major General Skippon. Mr. Lilburn quitted by his Jury at Guildhall. The fire by powder in Tower street.  
1650 Lord General Cromwell returned from Ireland, King of Scots set forth of Holland, and landed at the Spey, in the North of Scotland. General Fairfax voted to march with his army against the Scots, he laid down his Commission. Lord Cromwell made General of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He entered Scotland. A great fire at Holborn Conduit. Traffic with Scotland prohibited. The head of the king's picture (in the the old Exchange) broken off, an this inscription set over the body thereof, Ex●t Tyrannus Regum ultimus anno libertatis Angliae restitutae prim● Jan. 10, 1648. His statute on the West end of St. Paul's thrown down also, and after the remainder of his picture in the old Exchange broken down. The great victory at Dunbar, Leith, and Edinburg taken. The Scots king crowned in Scotland. Divers Scots who murdered some of Lord Cromwel's men had their houses pulled down and a Gallows erected there and the murderers hanged thereon.  
1651 Some of the chief in the plot for the Scots king, in England taken. Scilly Isles surrendered. Castle-haven and his army threw down their arms, and fl●d, and divers taken in pursuit. The Scots king entered England. 40 men kept Worcester against the Scots army, whilst the magazine was removed to Gloucester. Mr. Love and Gibbons beheaded. Dundee taken, the great victory and total rout of Worcester. 500 l. proffered to any that should discover the Scots king.  
1652 Sr. George Askew took, sunk, and dispersed 36 Dutch ships. The French fleet beaten by the English The Dutch beaten near the Downs, and about 8 ships sunk and taken. Another terrible sea fight between the English and the Dutch near the Isle of Wight, and about 40 Dutch ships taken, most of them being Merchants.  
1653 The long Parliament which began 3 Nou. 1640 dissolved. The Dutch beaten, seven ships sunk, two Hoys, eleven ships, a fly Boat, and 1350 prisoners taken. Mr. Lilburn returned to England, and was committed to Newgate. The short Parliament began, General assembly of the Scots church dispersed. Another bloody fight between the English and the Dutch wherein their Admiral Van Trump was slain, 30 or more ships taken, sunk and fired, and 1000 prisoners taken. The Dutch beaten again near the Coast of Holland and about 40 ships sunk and taken. The Chancery voted down. An act for Marriage, births and burials. Mr. Lilborne after divers day's trial at the session's house cleared by a Jury. The short Pa●liament dissolved, the Lord General Cromwell made Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the Dominions thereunto belonging. And magnificently feasted at Grocer's hall.  
1654. Peace proclaimed with Holland. A third Parliament began at Westminster. Major General Overton was committed to the Tower. The Parliament dissolved. Major General Harrison was carried to Portland. A lamentable fire in Threed-needle-street  
1655 A Cruel Massacre acted on the Protestants in Piedmont by the Duke of Savoys forces. Lord Lambeit chosen Lord Warden of the Cinque ports, and Colonel Nathaniel Fines made Lord privy Seal. A day of Humiliation was observed in England in the behalf of the Savoy Protestants, and a great collection was made in the City and suburbs for them. Divers of the late king's party secured in the several Counties of England. General Blake lay before Cadiz in Spain with 30 sail of ships. The Lord Christian Bond Ambassador from the king of Sweden arrived in London. Mr. Rolt one of his Highness' Gentleman set forth his journey, with a ratification of the alliance between England and Sweden. Articles of agreement were drawn between the Duke of Savoy and the Protestants there. General Penn and Venables committed to the Tower. His Highness appointed several Major Generals for all the Counties in England. The Ambassador of France brought the ratification of the treaty of peace, which was signed by his Highness, and the king of France, and sealed with the seals of both Nations.  
1656 Richard Hannum the great Robber executed in Smithfield. A very great sto●m of hail, thunder, and lightning in the City of Norwich. A great victory obtained by some of our Frigates against 7 Spanish ships richly laden, coming from the West-indies. The River of Thames ebbed and flowed twicein three hours. A day of  was observed in England, for the success of the English against the king of Spain's West-India fleet. James Naylor, John Stranger and his Wife, Martha Simons, and Dorcas Erbury brought from Bristol to London. An act for taking away the Court of Wards and Liveries. Peace with Portugal proclaimed in London and Westminster.  
1657 Major General Harrison was committed to the custody of the Sergeant at arms, also Capt. Lauson, Colonel Rich, and Major Danvers were taken into custody. Sir John Reynolds received his commission to be Commander in chief of those forces which were embarked for Flanders. A great defeat given to the Spanish Navy near Santa Cruz, by General Blake as they returned from the Indies. Mardike taken, and put in the possession of Major General Morgan, for the use of his Highness. 8 or 9 Popish Priests were apprehended in Covent Garden, and were sent prisoners to St. James.  
1658 A great victory obtained by the English in Jamaica against the king of Spain's force's Dr. John Huet, Mr. John Russel, and Sir William Compton committed to the Tower. The Earl of Warwick died. May the 15, the Guards at Whitehal were doubled, and at other places about London, and all the horse and foot were commanded to be in arms, and about 40 of the Cavaliers party were apprehended and carried to Whitehall. Sir Henry Slingsby, and Doctor Huet were condemned to be hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tibou●n. A Whale was taken in the Thames near Greenwich about 60 foot long, and of a very great thickness Victory obtained by the French and English force's at the leaguer before Dunkirk wherein 100L were killed and 2000 prisoners taken. Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Huet were beheaded on Tower-hill. Dunkirk surrendered to the English and French forces, and the king of France put it into the hand of the Lord Lockart for the use of his Highness. Gravelling surrendered to the English and French forces.  
1659. September 3. Oliver Lord Protector died. The The Lord Richard Cromwell (his son) was proclaimed L. Protector  
January 27. The Parl. began  
April 22 The Parl. was dissolved.  
May 6. There was published a Declaration of the Officers of the army inviting the Members of the long Parl. (who continued sitting till the 20 of April 1653) to return to the exercise and discharge of their trust. The 7 day the members met in the painted Chamber, from whence after some consultation amongst themselves with Mr. Speaker, they went in a body to their house (the Speaker having the Mice born before him,) where they passed a Declaration (which since was printed) wherein they do declare that they are resolved (through the gracious assistance of Almighty God) to apply themselves to the faithful discharge of the trust reposed to them, and to endeavour the setlement of this Commonwealth upon such a foundation as may assert, establish, and secure the property and liberty of the people: in reference unto all, both as Men and as Christians, and that without a single Person, Kingship, or house of Peers. A petition of divers Citizens of London was presented to the Parl. to have the Militia of the said City settled, in such persons as are of known integrity. The house ordered certain members (or any five of them) to be a Committee, to consider of the imprisonment, of such persons who being committed to continue for conscience sake, and how, and what manner they are and stand committed, together with the whole cause, and how they may be discharged. The stile and title in all Legal proceed and process were declared to be, The Keepers of the liberty of England, by authority of Parliament, and no other. A petition of many persons in, and about the City of London, was presented to the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England desiring: 1 That the Militia of the several Cities and Countries may be settled in such hands as have approved themselves faithful thereto. 2 That such persons as have been ejected out of place of trust may be restored. 3 That care may be taken that persons entrusted with the Legislative power, may not be perpetuated. 4 That all persons may be tendered, so that neither their persons may not be imp●isoed, nor their goods touched, without the breach of some known law and due prosecution accordingly. 5 That all moneys that are or shall be levied upon the people for the service of the Commonwealth, may not be diverted to any other purpose, and that the great sums of money, proportions of land, and places of advantage conferred on any since the 20 of April 1653, may be taken into consideration, and that the chargeable Offices and Officers of the Exchequer may be regulated. 6 That provision may be made, that such as may live peaceably in godliness and honesty (though of different persuasions in matters of faith and worship) may be equally protected and encouraged. 7 That a Committee may be appointed to receive propositions from any person or persons as may conduce unto the frame or constitution of a good and equal Commonwealth or free state. 8 That all such sums of money that since the 20 of April 1653 have been received or borrowed out of the Exchequer by privy Counsellors or others, be repaid into the treasure of this Commonwealth. 12 day the petition and address of the Officers of the Army (with several proposals) was presented to the Parliament: The Parliament made an Act wherein they declare what the great Seal shall be. The Parl. resolved that Whitehal and  with all and every the a purtenances be forthwith exposed to sale, and emproved to the best advantage of the Commonwealth, for and towards the satisfaction of the great arrears and pay due unto the Army. A petition of the Bailiffs and Commonalty in the Maritime Town, and Corporation of South-wold, otherwise, of Soulbay, in the County of Suffolk, and a certification from the Justices, certifying that on the 25 of April 1659., 228 dwelling houses were wasted and consumed to the damage of 40000 l. and upward, and letters patents ordered to pass under the great Seal, for a charitable contribution throughout England and Wales for 12 months. A petition from divers in the town of Warmister in the County of Wilts. The house did take the petition and address of the Army, into consideration and made these resolves. First, that the liberties of the estates of all the free people of these Nations shall be maintained, preserved and kept inviolable, according to Law, under the government of a free State or Commonwealth without a single person, kingship, or house of Peers. 2 That there shall be such a just and due regulation of the Law, and Courts of Justice, and equity as that they shall be a protection, and not vexatious or oppressive to the people of this Nation. 3 That all persons who profess faith in God the Father, and in Jesus Ghrist his only Son the true God, and in the Holy Spirit, God coequal with the Father and the Son, one God, blessed for ever, and do acknowledge the Holy Scripture of the Old and New Testaments, to be the revealed or written word or will of God, shall not be restrained from their profession, but have due encouragement, and equal protection in the profession of their faith and exercise of their religion, whilst they abuse not this liberty to the civil injury of others or disturbance of others in their way of worship; so as this liberty be not extended to Popery or Prelacy, nor to such as shall practise or hold forth licentiousness under the profession of Religion, and that all Laws, Statutes, Ordinances, Clauses in any Laws, Statutes, or Ordinances, to the contrary may be declared null and void.  
Richard Cromwell, eldest Son of the late L. Gen. did signify, that though he could not be active, in making a change in the government, of these Nations: yet he doth freely acquiesce in it, being made: and that he doth hold himself obliged, as (with other men) he expects protection, from the present government, so as to demean himself, with all peaceableness under it; and to procure to the utmost of his power, that all in whom he hath any interest do the same. Several other petitions were presented to the Parliament to the like purpose, of the former, which we cannot stay to mention.  
27 day was a day of humiliation, and seeking the Lord, by the Members of the house in the house.  
An old Parson of a Parish called Lesbury, in Northumberland (whose eyes, teeth, and hair, (as is affirmed) renewed after he was 112 years old) died (at the latter end of the Month of May) being 114 years old.   

A Catalogue, of some pleasant and useful Maps and Pictures that are cut in Copper, being very neat ornaments for houses, gentlemen's studies and Closets, and useful for divers callings, as Painters, Embroiderers. etc. which are printed, coloured, and to be sold by Robert Walton, at the Globe and Compass, in St. Paul's Churchyard, between the 2 North doors.  
Maps of the World with or without descriptions. The 4 parts of the World with or without description. A map of England, and Ireland in a royal sheet. The P●a●mans map of England, Ireland and Scotland, with a description, and chronology, of all the memorable, and considerable passages and actions, that have been therein ever since William the Conqueror, or without descriptions. A map of London and Westminster with a large description of the places and things of note: As also a brief, but particular description, of the several Companies, and Corporations, that are therein, or without description. The arms, crests▪ and supporters, of all the Cities in England, and all the several Companies of the famous City of London. The Philosopher's head, or an excellent compendious abridgement, comprehending the chief grounds and principles of Philosophy, and the very marrow of humane learning. A Laurel of Metaphysic. An Artificial description of Logic. The tree of man's life, or an Emblem declaring the like, and unlike, or various condition of all men in their state of creation, birth, life, death, burial, resurrection, and last judgement, etc. An Almanac (in a large sheet) for 50 years. The manner of the Savoy's Massacre are presented in several pictures. A new Book of Maps, being a ready guide to any who is to Travel in any part of England, Scotland, and Ireland. A view of the creation, being a Book of birds, beasts, flowers, fruits, flies, worms, and fish; containing 28 leaves. Another called Orpheus, containing 9 leaves.  
A Book of the pictures, of all the Kings and Queens of England, ever since William the Conqueror. The 5 Senses, and 7 liberal Sciences of Mr. Cleins doing, and also his rare book of Foldigde. A Copy Book, called an ease for the writing Schoolmaster, and the yougmans' tutor, and all other Copy Books that are commonly used in England.  
And he hath many other, both sheets and half sheets, (and is doing more) and had not the Graver been backwards more had been made known to the World before this time.   
FINIS.  

ERRATA.  
Pag. 4 lin. 11 for 18, 15, read 1, 8, 15. pag. 4 last line but 2 for the letter gives, read the letter A giveth. pag. 34 l. 12 for leight read light. p. 34 l. 18 for rests read rents. P. 76 last line but one, for the cities of, read the cities and rivers of. p. 94 l. 8 for Arphaxad read Arphadax born. p. 106 l. 10 for disabedient Law, read disobedient to the Law. pa. 108 l. 13 for Cizen read Ciren. pa. 108 l. 15 for marriage killed, read marriage day he killed. And if there be any small faults the Reader is desired to correct them.