THE Countreyman's APOTHECARY. OR, A Rule by which Countrymen may safely walk in taking PHYSIC. Not unuseful for Cities. A TREATISE, Showing what Herb, Plant, Root, Seed, or Mineral, may be used in Physic in the room of that which is wanting. Published for the good of the KINGDOM. LONDON, Printed for Th. Andrews, in Smithfield, near St bartholomew's gate. 1649. To the Reader. Friend, IF thou wouldst be found so to thyself, buy this handful of Physic, the benefit will repay its price triple; for it is thy good it aims at; herein being showed what Physical Simple may be used instead of another, and that without danger to the sick. In Country Towns very often that Simple which is prescribed by the Doctor or Physician is not to be had: this short Book tells what other may be administered instead thereof, and will prove as effectual in the operation. It hath been approved of by Latin Authors, and is now translated, to be made use of among Englishmen; experience will tell thee more of its worth. Farewell. ΠΕΡῚ ΤΩ῀Ν ΑΝΤΙΒΑΛΛΟΜΈΝΩΝ. OR, A Treatise of Succedanea's, One Ingredient used for another in the administering of Physic. The learned work of William Rondeletius sometimes Regius Professor Monspeliensis. Translated into English for public good. AFter I had a long time considered and enquired concerning those Ingredients which Physicians use in administering Physic, instead of such as are prescribed, but are not to be got (commonly termed Succedanea;) at length I lighted upon the Treatise of that most learned man, and famous Practitioner William Rondeletius concerning the same; which I thought fit to publish in English, for the general good of my native Country, as a Piece very profitable and useful; and have for the easier finding them out digested the Simples into an Alphabetical order, that so the benefit may be the greater. Physicians are often forced to use one Simple in the place of another; for every soil doth not bring forth all Simples, nor can they everywhere meet with most proper Ingredients. In the Country they are forced to use such Simples as are at hand; and in as much as upon sudden occasions proper Ingredients are not at hand, but the present must be used, therefore they must necessarily make choice of such Simples as may with most safety be administered instead of those which are most proper, but cannot at present be had; as we read Galen did, and that with good success, in the like case; For wanting Euphorbium to draw forth stings out of the fresh, he did instead thereof take from the Hives Propolis, that which Bees make at the mouth of their Hives to keep out the cold. These Succedanea are now more necessary than ever they were; both because at this day we want many of those simples which ancient Physicians did prescribe, and made use of, being they were supplied with a plentiful and fertile increase thereof in their own Countries, Eastern and Foreign; and also for that counterfeit, and (by the crafty invention of Jews and Merchants) adulterate Medicines are transported, which if we reject, we must of necessity substitute others in the place thereof; besides many ancient simple Medicaments, formerly well known, and very common, are at this day exolete, and grown out of knowledge. Very many useful compositions were devised and found out by the Arabians, and most sovereign remedies of great use among them, the Simples whereof (by reason of the barbarousness of their terms) are altogether unknown unto us. For we are ignorant what they mean by those uncouth strange names, or else want the Simples themselves. But in the choice and use of these Succedanea, that most pernicious custom among Physicians is deservedly to be rejected, which hath now for many years been much in use, though to the great pre●●●●●e and wrong of Patients; in which, in compounding Medicines, they confusedly mingle all such Drugs which are commended or prescribed useful in such a disease to be applied to the part affected, or but sovereign for some symptom; so that having made use of all of the same quality, they have not left unprescribed one Herb or Drug which may be used instead of another; whereas, if they would content themselves with one, two, or three Herbs, the Apothecary would never be destitute of Succedanea; But because quantity will be necessary, for one handful add two; for two, three or four, etc. Hence will ensue a double benefit; first, the more certain working of the Physic, and a more easy and speedy preparing thereof; and secondly, the greatest grace of his Art, the Physician will appear to abound with variety of Drugs and Succedanea, when in his Recipies he can double, vary, and change his Drugs, and to understand more than the ordinary sort of Mountebanks and Empirics. As for example, if in his decoction he hath prescribed borage, but in defect thereof substitutes wild bugloss or contra; again if garden Endive be wanting, to prescribe the Juice or Syrup thereof; if Succory be not to be had, to prescribe Lion's tongue or Broad-lease, for ground Pine, Germander, or contrary; but what shall the Apothecary do, if he prescribe all Drugs in one and the same Recipe? certainly it will prove no other than that Poetical Chaos, a rude and indigested lump. Let them consider and continually call to mind that of Villanovanus; it is deceit, cozenage to use compounds where simples may be easily had. Let them leave off that bad custom, and avoid it as a dangerous rock; let them likewise beware of naughty, covetous, dishonest, unlearned, and unskilful Apothecaries, who greedy of wealth and profit, commend an hodgepodge of even half rotten and putrified Drugs. Some do this that they may boast their store, or else out of ignorance or pride; and if any learned Physicians do it, it is that they may not seem to be less experienced in the knowledge of Drugs, then in the virtue and use thereof. Lastly, since there are some wholesome and fit compositions, by experience and reason received and approved, invented by ancient Physicians, we ought to search out, approve, and provide some Succedanea, that so sovereign and excellent medicines may be prepared, which in that respect are no ways to be refused and rejected, because with such good success some Succedanea, not inferior to the simples prescribed, may with equal benefit accomplish and effect all the promises of genuine or natural Physic. Let your Succedanea be as near as may be, of the same genus and species, nature and kind. Herb For Herb Root For Root Flower For Flower Seed For Seed Juice For Juice Gum For Gum For Mussilage For Mussillage Metal For Metal Stone For Stone Earth For Earth Pitch For Pitch Grease For Grease Marrow For Marrow Bird For Bird Serpent For Serpent One part of a living creature For Another. Composition for Composition: Powder For Powder Trochus For Trochus Opiate For Opiate Electuary For Electuary Pills For Pills Lohoch For Lohoch Confection For Confection Conserve For Conserve Plaster For Plaster Oil For Oil, simple or compound. Ointment For Ointment Salve For Salve The universal or common Theorem or speculation. The Drugs that are to be used one instead of another, whether in inward or outward causes must agree in virtues & operations both secret and manifest, and in consistence, and be alike in taste smell age time and place of growth, nature, and temperament of quality. Some Drugs may by change be used in outward remedies which are not to be used in inward applyings, as the Juice of Carline Thistle may be used for the Juice of Lettuce outwardly, but must not be taken for it inwardly, because it is poison. Sometime not the whole simple, but some parts must be substituted, or used instead of another as in a Muccago Mussilage of the seed of the Herb Fleabane for a Muccago Mussilage of the seed of Quinces: all the seed of the Herb is not to be used, because the inward part thereof differs in temperament from a Mussilage, and is thought to be venomous; nor may the Quince Apple be used for the seed of the Quince, because they differ in operation and consistence. Some recipeis or prescriptions in some remedies may be used instead of one another, as a conserve for the syrup of the same simple whether of fruit, flower or root: as the conserve of Maidenhair may be used for the syrup of the same in opiates— but in the prescribing of the syrup it cannot be so, because the form or rule of the Physic will not permit it: For liquid drugs must be used instead of liquid, therefore if the syrup be prescribed and not at hand, the distillation or decoction of the Herb is to be used instead thereof. In some Candids or preserves, we may use the syrup of the conserve, because they are conserved in the syrup, as the syrup of the conserve of Lemons, for the syrup of Lemon pill; the syrup of the Conserve of the root of bugloss, for the syrup of bugloss. Emplasters and ointments may be mutually used one for another; in case the part affected may be found to admit thereof: as the plaster of filii Zachariae, for the resumptive ointment, and contra: but in the pains of the breast or stomach unless the stiffness thereof be dissolved, or otherwise mollified, it is not to be used, because plasters when they are laid on, hinder the ribs from dilating, enlarging themselves, and the freeness of breathing. A plaster of Ceruse or white lead, for unguentum album, unless the inflammation do forbid it, which will not admit of neither hard nor stiff remedies. Divers other medicines may be used instead one of the other; provided that their virtue and operation be the same. PIlls may be used instead of confections, and contra. as Hiera simply or aloes for the pills made of it, and the Herb Benedicta or holywort, and contra for Pills to purge Phlegm, electuary diacarthame purgative with Lemon: for Pills to purge choler or melancholy, electuary of the juice of Roses and contra; so that the quantity of every one be observed. The doses of the Hiera and such like Electuaries are to be augmented by reason of the quantity of honey, which doth allay the strength of the Physic. A Syrup, for Eclegma or a lohoch, if it be taken by dissolving in the mouth: as the syrup of Jujuba for Lohoch sound and approved, the syrup of Poppeyes for Diacodion. A powder for a Trochisous and contra. as the species of Diarrhodon for the Trochus of Diarrhodon, a Trochus of Squills, for a Lohoch of the same, the quantity being either auginented or diminished according to the nature and quality of the disease and the scope of Physic In simples sometimes the parts are not strictly observed, as Turbith the root for Agarick in a Trochus, and contra. Thus a simple may be put for a composition or contra, as Colocyn this wild gourds, or Coloquintida in a less quantity, for Agarick; and a double or triple dose of wild Saffron for Agarick, and contra. And yet a simple Medicine for this use to be put in the place of another is hard to be found, which can truly, everyway and in every part agree as Avicennas' testifies, because two simple medicines in case of want of others of like virtue and efficacy can scarce safely be applied instead thereof. Which since it proves so difficult, he did apply sometime two, sometime three of equal weight and measure, sometime in a doubled and trebled medicine, the fift or eight part of another Medicine being added; because (saith he) there are very few medicaments which are wholly like others in temperament and operation, or the same in consistence in grossness or thinness of the parts, and in other the hidden properties. The use of drugs or medicaments in compositions is various and changeable in respect, either Of The heat the coldness the moistness the dryness. In the beginning of the first, or in the middle and first degree, and so of the rest. Or Of the parts the clamminess, the taste, the smell, the colour. the grossness. or the thinness. And therefore that which is like another in temperament, ofttimes differs from it in the grossness or thinness of the parts, or some other faculty and quality; as some think they may use Galanga or sweet cane for Folesfoot, or wild Spikenard, & yet they do not agree in every operation; for galanga can only provoke urine, and bring down women's courses, and therefore to be supplied for Spikenard in prescriptions to provoke them: it hath no virtue to cause vomiting as Spikenard hath. In like manner the Hyacinth may be used instead of Anchusa or bugloss Orchanet: but if there be need of Anchusa for the Colour, as in ointments, the Hyacinth is not proper: but instead thereof, dyers lacca or Red gum, Brasile, red Santalum, Painters Lacca or red gum, or scarlet Dye. Assa dulcis or that sweet gum is not to be used for Assa foetida because of the smell, as Avicennas did in the grief of the womb, so by a sweet smell to have forced it upward, but it draws towards sweet, flies from stinking scents or smells. Some drugs are used for taste; which yet are not convenient in every particular, as Honey, and Manna may be used for Sugar in some sorts of remedies as in laxative medicines, but in no wise in binding receipts; for Manna is more loosening than either Sugar or Honey. Muccus a Mussilage, is useful in a bloody Flux, and is used for a Lentor. Fenegreek, which makes a Mussilage but hot, and therefore not to be used in spitting of blood, as in external remedies, as in the inflammation of the upper skin of the eyes, in which the white of an egg is preferred in the beginning and increase of the grief, but in the stay and declining thereof a Mussilage fenegreeke is commended. Those drugs which may be made use of instead of others, are not yet to be added in every sort of remedies; as Myrrh may be used for Bdellium in Pills and ointments, but in Pills made of Bdellium it must in no ways be added, for Myrrh causeth a greater Flux of blood and of the Hemerods, as also of women's courses. Therefore in those drugs that are substituted this rule is to be observed, that the supposititious drug, that is used in the Room of the adulterate genuine drug, can effect the same which the genuine should, whether it be to heat, to cool, to make moist, to dry, to bind, to lose, or to concoct. For Wormwood (simply taken) Sea Wormwood, or Southernewood may be used; For Sea Wormwood, or Wormwood of Mount Taurus, Roman may be used; For Roman, the Wormwood which grows in the place where thou dwellest. This may be done in the choice of all Herbs, they may be of any Country, yet let your choice be of such an one as is an Herb of the nearest bordering Country, or at least of the same temperature, of which sort is Craux vulgarly Gallo a Province of Crect, where grows the best and greatest store of our narrow leaf Thyme and Epithymon or that which grows oft upon it. In the second place Herbs of moist Countries, if it be a scorching Summer, may be used for Herbs of an hot Country, which Galen informs us he did in preparing a Theriace or remedy against Poison, using the rocke-parsley of another Country for Macedonian rock parsley; and yet the temperature of the Country ought to be observed, for the Country doth very much add to, or diminish from the virtue and goodness of the medicament; for the Sclavonian Flower deluce we may use the Venetian, and for the African the Florentine. I come now to set down the Succedanea, and first of Rootes. FOr Acorum or Galanga, take Calamus aromaticus or sweet cane in the shops. For the same, in medicines to provoke and bring down urine and women's courses, take the Roots of Asarum folesfoot, or wild spikenard. For Althaea Garden or wild Take the Roots of Mallows. For Apium or Parsley. Rock or Macedonian. For Aristolochy or long Birthwort; take the round; and contrary, and any one sort for all. For Asarus, Folesfoot or wild Spicknard, when prescribed in a Purge or Vomit, take Hellebore, the seed of Genista Broome, and Raphanus or Radish seed. For Asparagus, Garden Sporrage: take Corruda or wild Sporrage, but in a less quantity, because it is sharper and stronger. For Calamus odoratus, sweet Gum of Libanus: take Schaenanthum, sweet Rush, Camel's hair, Acorus, or sweet Flags; if for smell, yell. Sanders. For The rind of the root of the Caper tree: take the rind of the root of Tamarisk, walwort or Dwarf Eldern, Laurel, Poplar and Elder trees. For Costum, the root of an Indian herb: take bastard Pelitory. For Galanga, the herb Galingall: take round Cyperus, a kind of Rush: and c●ntra. For Gentian or Felwort: take half the quantity of Asarus Folesfoot, and the root of Caper tree. For Lapathum Sorrell or kind of Dock: take the root of Oxalis or sour dock. For Nardus, Spicknard: take any sort of it. For Rhabarbarum, Rhubarb for purging: take juice of Roses. For Rha Barbary Rhubarb to bind: take the root of Water dock; the greater galangal if there be need of hear, and of Bistorta the herb if there be want of cooling. For Rha ponticum: take the root of great Centory▪ a pill of Rhubarb first. For Pontic Rhubarb infused and strained: and roasted Rubar be is approved by many for empyreuma or a collection of corrupt matter in a man's body. For Ruscum, Butcher's broom: take the root of garden Sporage, and contra. For Secacul, Sampire: take the root of a Sea-parsnip, Pastinaca. For Serpentaria Dragon, take Sarus Dracunculus, Dragonwort. For Turbith, a root to purge phlegm take the root of Thapsia, Turbith Mesuae, Agarick made into a Trochus, and Colochynthis or wild gourd in a less quantity or dosis. For Zingiber, take Ginger, Costum, Helenium, Helecompane, Pyrethrum, bastard Pelitory. For Zingiber, take Mechin, Woolfbane. Succedanea of Herbs Let Succedanea as near as can be alike in every part in virtue, in kind and in sort. Abrotoni Southernwood, Absinthii Wormwood, Aconiti Woolfebane, Adianthi Venus hair, Allii Garlick, Anagallidis Pimpernell, Anchusae Orchanet, Anemones Redweed or wild Poppey, Anthemidis Camomile, Apii Parsley, Aristolochiae Birthwort, Asparagi Sporage, Betae Beete Bituminis Brimstone, Bliti spinach, Brassicae Colewort, Caepae Onions Calaminthae Calaminth, Cedri Cedar, Chelidonii Celandine, Chondrillae Succory, Conizae Fleabane, Costi an Indian herb. Cyelaminis an Herb, Dauci Carret, Equiseti the herb, Horsetaile. Hederae Ivy, except ground Ivy, Heliotropii Turnsol, Hieracii Hawke weed, Intybi an Herb. Juniperi Juniper, Leucoii Gelliflower Lychnidis an Herb, Malvae Mallows, Marrubii Horehound, Mercurialis Mercury the herb, Myrthi Myrtle, Nardi spikenard, Nympheae Water Lily, Orcheos Ragwort Origani Organy, Panacis an herb, Pastinacae Parship, Picis Pitch, Piperis Pepper, Plantaginis Plantain, Polygoni Polygony, male and female, Porri Leake, Ranunculi Frogwort, Resinae Rosin, Rhamni Bramble or Christs-Thorne, Rosmarini Rosemary, Rubi Great Bramble, Rumicis Sour dock, Rutae Rue, Sabinae Savin, Seselis an Herb, Sideritidis Wall Sage, Symphyti walwort, Tithymalorum Sea Lettuce, Wolf's milk, Milk Thistle, Tribuli Thistle, Valerianae Setwall, Veratri Helebore, Verbasci Longwort, Vrticae Nettle, Of all the sorts of them. And lastly, all herbs of the same species or sort may be used for another, unless something discovered forbid, as in Perwinkle of which Dioscor. writes that one sort gripes or frets, another loosens the belly, another gathers and removes choler & phlegm, but the chief sort stays women's courses, and the Dysentery or bloodyflux. So the wild Cucumber and Garden melons, and Colocynthis differ in their operation; but this is wont to be found in very few herbs. Also heed is to be taken to the parts; for some differ in their qualities, as the root Medium decocted stays women's courses, being taken for certain days: but the seed thereof taken in Wine brings them down. The seed of Juniper may be taken inward, but the shave are discovered to be deadly to kill. The Juice of the herb Coriander is thought to be mortal, and yet the seed medicinal. Therefore it is better for Physicians to use universals at no time, but rather particulars; for, for the most part there is the greatest difference betwixt those which would be thought the nearest. Succedanea of Herbs and Leaves Therefore for Take Adianth Venus hair, Salvian, Politriton Maiden hair, or Black Venus' hair. Leaves of Alsine, Chickweed, The leaves of Helxine Pellitory of the wall, and contr. Amylon the flower of Wheat, The flour of Siligo, or Rye, dry. Apium mon. Mountain Parsley. Garden Parsley dry and in a greater dose. Beta al. white Beet Black Beet. Betony, Verveine. Herbs Bubonium Inguinaria or Star-wort, The Herb Antirrhinon, and contra. bugloss or broad-leafed Borage, Narrow-leafed bugloss. Caepe Onion, Portulacam Purslane. The Herb Chamaelea, The herb Thymelaea, Chamepytis, Ground pine or Laurel. Chamaepyti or Ground Pine, Chamaedries, Germander, or the leaves of Eupatoria, Agrimony. Clchoria syl-Woodsuccory, Lion's tooth. Coniza Fleabane, the first sort, The second. The second, The third dry, & in a greater quantity. The leaves of Coriander. The leaves of Garden Petroseline outwardly only. Dauci the leaves of Carrot, The leaves of either wild or garden Parsnip The first sort of Dittany. The second, third, and so of the rest. The herb Doricneon, Mandrake and contra. Filix femi. seminine Fearne, Masculine. Fumetory, Seenie. Halyca Barley, An whole Ptisan of Avena Oates. The leaves of Hyppolapathon, Patience: Monks Rhubarb, The leaves of Lapathon a kind of dock. Hyppomarathon wild Fennell, Coriander or Petroseline. Leaves of Hypec●i Rue, The leaves of Poppey. Hypericon St. john's wort, Androsemon Tusane, The herb Ascyron or Schoenanthon. Camel's Hair. Hyssop, Organy or sweet Marjorum. Indian Malabathron, the leaf, The leaves of Citron, Lemon tree, Cinnamon tree, or common Mala bathron. The leaves of Labrusca or wild vine The leaves of garden Vine, less pruned. Lettuce, Garden Endive, & count. Lathris Spurge, the leaves, The leaves of Tithymaris or Sea Lettuce. Laurel leaves, Lemon leaves. The herb Lepi- The herb Drabe Iberis or wild cresses or water cresses. Sterile Libanotis. The leaves of crown Frankincense. Mallows Arbwes. Althaea or Mallows of another kind. Wood Mallows. Garden Mallows. Melissa Mint. Marrubium Horebound and contra. or the Rind of the Lemon Tree. Mentha Mint. Balsamita Coarstmary. The Leaves of Myrthon Mockchervill. The Leaves of wood-Peare-Sumach, Mastic Wild Olive, Service or Quince Trees. The leaves of the same. The berries of it and green unripe walnuts. The white Mirth. Nardum Monta. The black & contra. Mountain spikenard. Italic, or French Spikenard. The Nymphaea Alba, white water Lilly. The yellow and contra. The leaves of the wild Olive. The leaves of the Olive Tree. The leaves of the Olive or Mastic. The leaves of the Walnut, Cypress tree Pine or wild Pine. Oxyacantha vera, right white thorn. Pyrastrum the wild Pear tree. The leaves of white Poppy. The leaves of nightshade, black Poppy, & of white Henbane. The leaves of Peplus round headed spurge. The leaves of Sea Lettuce or spurge. The leaves of Philyrea mock Privet. Olive Tree Leaves and contra. Heart's Tongue Phyllitis. Smooth spleenewort, Miltwaste or Ceterach and contra. The leaves of the Pitch Tree. The Leaves of the Pine Tree. The leaves of Pithyusa Pine spurge. The Leaves of Tithymali Spurge or Milkwort. Polygonum the leaves of Masculst not-grasse. The Leaves of the Feminine of the same. Pulegion regal great Penny royal. French or Harts Peny royal. Portulaca Purslane. Vmbelicum Veneris Kidneywort, Wall Peniwort. Ruta sylv. wild Rue. Dried Garden Rue in a greater quantity and contra. The leaves of Savin. The leaves of Cypress juniper and Cassia. The leaves Sambuci Elder. The leaves of Ebuli, and contra. The leaves of female Sanguinalis Bloodwort. The leaves of Masculine, and contra. The greater sempervivum Howslick. The small Kidney-wort, or small Penywort. Seride Endive. Chondrillam Gum Succory. The leaves of Seris Endive. The leaves of Lettuce. Smyrnium Lovage Parsley or rock Parsly. Garden nightshade. Halicacabum, Winter cherries. Soncho common Sowthistle. Prickly Sowthistle. The leaves of the service Tree. The leaves of the medlar Tree and contra. Indian spicknard. Syriack or Valerian. Italian spikenard. The Garden sort of it. Staebe Diosc Knapweed Scabeous, Thorny burnet. Shepeards' purse, daisies all sorts and Cudwort. The leaves of Rock walwort or Comfrey. The leaves of another sort or self heal. Orpine Telephum. Purslane. The leaves of Terebinthi the Turpine Tree The leaves of the Mastic Tree. The sorts of Thlaspi Treacle Mustard. Nasturtia Cresses. Thymbra Savory. Time & mother Time. Time. Savory, Organy. The leaves of one sort of Spurg, or Milkwort. The leaves of another sort in purging. Goats Marjorum. Organy and Contra. Land caltrops, in cooling receipts. Water caltrops, not in moistening medicines. The leaves of one sort Verbasci of Mullein. The leaves of another sort. White Briony. Black and contra The leaves and seeds Diticis of the Chast-tree. The leaves and seed of Rue. Succedanea of Seeds. For Take The seed of Asarabacca. The seed of Furse or thorn broom. The Seed of Bastard Saffron. Nettle Seed or Agarick not made into a Trochus. Mandrake's seed. Hemlock seed. The seeds of the Myrthi Myrtle. Of the Barbery Tree and contra. Turnip seed. Rape seed. Succedanea of Juices. For Take For Juice of Wormwood. Of Southernewood well prepared, or of the lesser centory, or of either sort of Cosemary, or Maudlin. or The Juice of Wormwood. The juice of Pontic, or Roman wormwood in outward remedies: Levant Wormwood if washed, may gently be given inwardly. The Juice of Acacia binding beanetree. Of the Black Thorn, Slowbush, or selfe-heale. Fountain water. River water. The juice of the Pomecitron. Of Lemon. Of Showbread. Of Flower deluce. The Juice of Licoris. Of the same decocted and infused; or of Raisins of the Sun, or Cute. The juice of Box-thorne. Of Felwort in ulcers. The Juice of the same. The Lees of Oil. Grape Varjuice. Of Sumack and count. Opium the juice of the heads of Poppies. Meconium or the juice of the Leaves, or the Juice of wild or garden Lettuce in a greater quantity. Opobalsamum, the juice of the Bassame tree. Stacte or the juice of Storax not adulterated, or of Myrrh. In infusion for digestion, take the Oil of Italian Spike or spikenard. For Take The juice of Spurge Olive. Of Dwarf Bay. Succedanea of Liquors and Gums. For Take Turpentine of the Fir tree. Of the Pine. Aspalth the dry pitch of India, The Oil of Peter and contra. Cedar Rosin, The oil of the bows of Juniper, or the gum of Juniper. Cypress Rosin, Larch tree Rosin. Gum Lake, Myrrh. Manna of the Frankincense tree, The bark to which some of the Frankincense sticketh. Mastic, Turpentine of Fir tree hardened or dried. Mum, Pisaphalthum or Bituminous, hard Pitch. Myrrh, Bdellium or the juice of Alisanders' and Parsley. For the Gum of the Olive tree, Of gum Elemni. Opobalsanum, the juice of the Balsam tree, Stacte or liquid Balm prepared by nature or art. The liquor of the Turpine tree. Not the juice of Carpasus; not Oil of Laurel, not the liquor of Myrthi nor the seed of Setwall, as some have prescribed. For Take Carpobalsamum, the berries or fruit of the Balsam tree. The seed of the Mastic tree or Turpine tree, of which there are divers sorts. Cubebs in a smaller dose or two parts of the seed of the Turpine tree and of Cubebs. Opopanax the Gum of Frankincense. The Gum of Amomum, or Galbanum, or Bdellium in outward remedies. Stone pitch, Pine Rosin boiled. Soft pitch, Stone pitch dissolved in oil, or softened in Oil of Juniper. Pissaphaltum, Bituminous pitch, Pitch and Brimstone. Storax, Benjamin. Turpentine, Mastic. Xylobalsamum, the wood of the Balsam tree, Shoots or sprouts of the Mastic tree. Succedanea of Minerals. For Antimony take burnt Led & contra, or burnt Tin. For Cadmia over of Brass, take the stone out of which it is extracted. For the Flower of Brass, take the green rust. For white Lead, take burnt Led, or Led over For Lead, take Tin. For the soil or ore of Brass or Pompholix, take Spodium the soot of the trying of Brass. For Sandarack, red Arsenic, take Arsenic Orpine. For Spodium the soot of the trying of Brass, take Antispodium, Ashes made of the Myrtle, Mastic, and Oil of the wild Olive, Quince trees and Hearts horn. The end.