SUBJECTION TO Christ IN ALL HIS ORDINANCES, AND APPOINTMENTS, The best means to preserve our LIBERTY. Together with a TREATISE Of Ineffectual Hearing the Word; How we may know whether we have heard the same effectually: And by what means it may be come effectual unto us. With some remarkable Passages of his life.  
By Tho. Shephard, late Pastor of the Church of Christ in Cambridge New-England.  
Now published by Mr. Jonathan Michael Pastor of the said Church in New-England.  MATTH. 11.29. Take my yoke upon you, etc. 
London, Printed for John Rothwell and are to be sold by Tho. Brewster, at the three Bibles in Paul's Churchyard, near the West end. 1652.   

To the READER.  
ONe of their sweetest refreshing mercies of God, to his New-England People, amidst all their wildernesse-tryals, and straits, and sorrows, wherewith they at first conflicted in those ends of the earth, hath been their Sanctuary-enjoyments, in the beauties of holiness, where they have seen and met with him whom their souls l●ve, and had familiar and full converse with him, above what they could then enjoy in the land from whence they came. This is that that hath sweetened many a bitter Cup to the remnant of Israel. The Lord a one led him, and there was no strange God with him, was said concerning Israel of old, and this was accounted mercy enough when he led them into a land where no man dwelled, and which no man passed through. What God hath done fo● New-England in this respect, and what their Sanctuary mercies be, thou hast here a taste, though but a taste. These notes may well be thought to be less accurate than if the Author himself had published them, and to want some polishments and trim, which it were not sit for any other to add; however thou wilt find them full of useful truths, and mayest easily discern his Spirit, and a Spirit above his own breathing in them.  
Concerning the Author; it were worth the while to write the story of his life.  
It is needless to speak in his commendation, His works praise him in the gates. They that know him, know he had as real apprehensions of the things of God, and lived as much with God, and with his own heart, and more than the most of Christians do. He had his education at Immanuel-Colledge in Cambridge. The Conversion and Change of his heart was wrought betimes when he lived in the University, and enjoyed Dr. Prestons' Ministry, whereby God had the very best and strength of his parts and years for himself. When he was first awakened to look after Religion, having before swum quietly in the stream of the times, he was utterly at a loss which way to take, being much molested with suggestions of Atheism, (in the depths whereof Junius was quite lost for a time) and moved and tempted to the ways of Familisme also; some advised him in this condition to go to Grindlestone, & to hear Mr. Brierley, and being informed that the people were wont to find a mighty possessing, overpowering presence and work of the spirit when they heard him, he resolved upon the journey; but God in mercy diverted him, having reserved him for better things, Yet he read what they said, and the books of H.N. amongst the rest, where meeting with this passage, That a Christian is so swallowed up in the spirit, that what action soever the spirit moves him to, suppose whoredom, he may do it, and it is no sin to him; this was enough: for being against the light of his natural conscience, it bred in him an utter abhorrency of those lose and vile ways and principles ever after. This advantage also he had, that Doctor Tuckney was then his Tutor, whom he acquainted with his condition, and had his direction and help in those miserable fluctuations and straits of his soul. Happy is the man whose doubtings end to establishments, nil tam certum, quàm quod de dubio certum. but when men arrive in Scepticism, as the last issue and result of all their debates and thoughts of heart about Religion, it had been good for such if they had never been borne.  
After his heart was changed, it was observed of him that his abilities of mind were also much enlarged, divinity though it be chief the Art and rule of the will, yet raising and perfecting the understanding also; which I conceive came to pass chief by this means, that the fear of God fixed him, and made him serious, and taught him to meditate, which is the main improvement of the understanding. Therefore such as came to him for direction about their studies▪ he would often advise them to be much in meditation, professing that having spent some time in meditation every day in his beginning times, and written down his thoughts; he saw cause now to bless God for it. He was assigned to the work of the Ministry at a solemn meeting and conference of sundry godly Ministers about it, there were to the number of twelve present at the meeting▪ whose solemn advice was that he should serve the Lord in the Gospel of his Son; wherein they have been the salvation of many a soul: for upon this he addressed himself to the work, with that reality and seriousness in wooing and winning sou●s that his words made deep imp●essions, and seldom or never fell to the ground  
He was lecturer a while at Earles-cone in Essex (which I take it was the first place of his Ministry) where he did much good, and the people there, though now it is long since and many are gone, yet they have a very precious & and deep remembrance of him, of the mighty power of God by him to this day. But W. Lawd then Bishop of London soon stopped his mouth, and drove him away, a● he did many other godly Ministers from Essex at the same time. After this he l●ved at Butter-chrome in Yorkshire, at Sir Richard Darleys' house, till the iniquity of those times hunted him thence also. Then he went to Northumberland till silenced there also; and being thus molested and chased up and down at home, he fled to New-England, and after some difficulties and delays, by great storms and disasters at sea upon the sands and coasts of Yarmouth, which retarded his voyage till another year, he arrived there at last; where he was Pastor to a precious flock at Cambridge about fourteen years. He was but 46. or 47. years old when he died. His sickness began with a sore throat, and then a squinancy, and then a fever, whereof he died August 23. 1649. This was one thing he said upon his deathbed, Lord, I am vile, but thou art righteous; and to those that were about him, he bade them love Jesus Christ dearly, that little part that I have in him, is no small comfort to me now.  
His manner of preaching was close and searching, and with abundance of affection and compassion to his hearers. He took great pains in his preparations for his public labours, accounting it a cursed thing to do the work of the Lord negligently; and therefore spending usually two or three whole days in preparing for the work of the Sabbath, and having his sermons finished upon friday night; He hath sometime expressed himself thus in public; God will curse that man's labours that lumbers up and down in the world all the week, and then upon Saturday in the afternoon goes to his study, when as God knows that time were little enough to pray and weep in, and to get his heart in frame, etc. He affected plainness together with power in preaching, not seeking abstrusities, nor liking to hover and soar aloft in dark expressions, and so to shoot his arrows (as many Preachers do) over the heads of his hearers.  
It is a wretched stumbling block to some, that his Sermons are somewhat strict, and (as they term it) legal: some souls can relish none but meal-mouthed Preachers, who come with soft and smooth, and toothless words, byssina verba byssinis viris: But these times need humbling Ministeries, and blessed be God that there are any; for where there are no Law-Sermons, there will be few Gospel-lives, and were there more Law-peaching in England by the men of gifts, there would be more Gospel-walking both by themselves and the People. To preach the Law, not in a forced affected manner, but wisely and powerfully, together with the Gospel, as Christ himself was wont to do (Mat. 5. and elsewhere) is the way to carry on all three together, sense of misery, the application of the remedy, and the returns of thankfulness and duty. Nor is any doctrine more comforting then this humbling way of God, if rightly managed.  
It is certain the foundations of after-sorrowes and ruins to the Church, have ever been laid in the days of her prosperity, and peace, and rest, when she enjoys all her pleasant things. This the watchmen of Israel should foresee, and therefore what should they do but seek to humble and awaken, and search and melt men's hearts, and warn every one night and day with tears, that in the day of their peace, they may not sinne away the things of their Peace. There are therefore three requests, which we would desire to beg of God, with bended knees for England, to perpetuate the present prosperity and peace thereof; and let us commend them to the mourning and praying one's amongst us, that they would be the Lords remembrancers in these Petitions.  
I. A right understanding and sober use of liberty. For when People come first out of bondage, they are apt to be not only somewhat fond of their liberties, but to wax giddy and wanton with liberty, and instead of shaking off the bloody yokes of men, to cast off at least in part the Government and blessed yoke of Christ also. Hence it comes about that a day of rest from persecution, which should be a day of liberty to the Saints to serve God, may become a day of great seduction, and of liberty to seducing Spirits, to deceive, and damn, and misled them from the truths and ways of God. But the machinations of men, though in conjunction with the powers and gates of hell, shall certainly fall at last before Truth and Prayer. And of this is the first Treatise which is seasonably published.  
To be fast bound to the rule with all the bonds and cords of God and Man is the Perfection of liberty. Hence there is not a surer Cornerstone of ruin to a Christian Commonwealth, that God will break them with unparallelled destructions by some overflowing scourge, when the day of vengeance is in his heart, then to think that Religion is none of their Liberties, and yet how maay sons of Belial, are there void of counsel, neither is there any understanding in them, who imagine vain things, and say, Let us break his bands asunder, and cast away his cords from us? How do men run into extremes, either stretching and paring every one to the Giant's bed, and thereby denying liberty to the Saints to serve him, according to the measure of their stature in Christ, or else on the other hand opening the door so wide, as to plead for liberty to all the disguised enemies and sins against Christ, thereby instead of uniting the Saints in one, endeavouring through a dreadful mistake to unite Christ and Belial? It is a sad thing when a man is come to this pass, that he is not able to resolve his conscience whether Baal be God, or the Lord be God, and therefore would not have the worshippers of Baal punished, for fear lest Baal should be God. Is liberty nothing but indifferency & irresolution of spirit in the things of God? woe to the valley of vision, even to a sinful Nation laden with iniquity, and led away from the truth as it is in Jesus, and to the Host of the high ones that sit on high, in the day of his visitation, if this be the spirit of these times; for in the day when he visits, God will visit for these things.  
2. That his Word, especially the Word of his Gospel, may be precious and powerful, may run and be glorified in England. Alas! as there is much preaching, but few serious, few heart-breaking Sermons: so there is much hearing, but little effectual hearing. Men stand like the Oaks of Bashan, before the words of the God of Israel, no terror of the Lord, no news of everlasting destruction, no evidence of the fierce anger of God upon them, which burns down to the bottom of hell, can take hold upon their spirits, or awaken their consciences, to make inquiries after God in this their day; yea if the bars of the pit of hell were broken, and if the devils of hell should come flying up amongst us, in our solemn Assemblies, from the fiery corners of the Pit below, with everlasting burn about their ears, and with chains of darkness rattling at their heels, they might fright men out of their wits perhaps, or from the acts of sin it may be for a time, but it would not work upon their hearts, their desperate, dead, besotted hearts. The fools in Israel will have their swinge in their lusts, and go to hell in a full career, let God do his best. Oh the hardness of men's hearts! And the main reason of it, is because they hear but a sound of words, but they do not hear the Lord in that Wrrd: they hear words that are spoken by God, but they hear not, they see not God himself therein. If ever thou wouldst profit by reading or hearing, take every word as a special message to thee from God; and of this fruitless hearing, and the rules of hearing aright is the other Treatise.  
3. Conscience of his Sabbaths. Of which there is an elaborate discourse of this Author, formerly published by himself. Therefore we shall add no more. The blessing o● heaven go with these, to make us a willing People in the day of his power, to submit to his Word, and to come under the wing of the Government of Jesus Christ, as esteeming these spiritual mercies our best mercies, our choicest and dearest liberties. If ever the Lord Jesus (which mercy forbidden) should take his doleful and final farewell of the English-nation, as when he laid the tombstone upon Jerusalem, such as these will be his mournings over us: Oh Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the Prophets, and burnest them that aresent unto thee, as they did in the time of Popery, how often would I have gathered thy children together (by my Word and Spirit therein) even as a Hen gathereth her Chickens under the wings (of my special Government and Protection?) but ye would not; behold your house is left unto you desolate. But the Lord who doth not only make the day dark with night, but also turneth the shadow of death into the morning, even the Lord avert these evils, and the Lord make the English nation his Hephsibah, & the land Beulah, which is the prayer of his Mourners in Zion, and of  
Thy Servants in Jesus, and for Jesus sake, 

William Greenhill.  
Samuel Mather.     

TO THE Christian READER.  
THe precious memory of the Author of these ensuing Sermons, needs no reviving to any gracious heart, that had any knowledge of him. Yea the world knows in part (though but in a little part) by some pieces of his formerly printed (while he was yet with us) who this Author was, what it owes to God for him, and how justly it might sigh over his grave, with that of the Apostle, Of whom the world was not worthy! His praise throughout all the Churches, is fare above any addition by so mean a pen as writes these lines. But it is not fit that the first page of any thing published after his death (for I doubt not but his death is long ago publicly took notice of) should go without some witness of a mournful remembrance thereof, which indeed no tears can sufficiently lament. We who sometimes sat under his shadow, & were fed from God by him, (the poor flock of this Shepherd) among whom he lived, testifying Repentance towards God, and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ; and whom he sometimes exhorted, comforted and charged every one of us as a father doth his children; we cannot but carry sorrow in the bottom of our hearts to this day, that we must here see his face no more. Neither do we believe that his loss remains with us alone, or only within the limits of this remote wilderness; the benefit (and consequently the want) of such a burning and shining Light, is of more general concernment than we easily apprehend, especially in this Age, wherein not only many sit in utter darkness, but which is more, the new Light thereof is darkness; and the Love of many waxing cold. But we must all be silent before Him, whose judgements are unsearchable. Neither may we presume to say to him, What dost thou?  
It is instantly and not without cause desired by many, that such relics of his Labours as do survive him, may be (at least some of them) imparted to the public. To effect any thing considerable that way, is not an easy or sudden work. But this small piece being at present attained; it seemed not amiss to let it pass the Press. These were some of his Lecture-Sermons, Preached most of them in the year 1641. They are now transcribed by a godly Brother, partly from the Authors own notes, and partly from what he took from his mouth. The subject (in both the Texts) is of great use, and needful for these times; wherein there is more Liberty, then good use of it; and much more common and outward, then saving and effectual knowledge of the word of God. These posthumous editions are fare short of what the Author was wont to do, and of what the Sermons were in preaching. But though the sense be not every where so full, nor every thing so thoroughly spoken to, nor the stile so good by fare, (as the Author's manner was) yet the intelligent Reader will find a precious treasure of truth in it, not fit to be buried or neglected. The Prophets do not live for ever, but their words do: The Lord make them such everliving words as may take hold of all our hearts, not for judgement, but for mercy, for one of these ways they shall live; yea, rise up at the last day.   

March 29. 1652.  
Imprimatur,  
EDM. CALAMY.   

A wholesome Caveat for a time of LIBERTY.  2 CHRON. 12.8. Nevertheless they shall be his servants, that they may know my service, and the service of the kingdoms of the Country. 
THe greatest part of this Chapter is spent in setting down that famous War which Shishak King of Egypt made against Rehoboam King of Judah.  
The cause of this War in regard of Shishak is not set down; probable conjectures there be: Jeroboam probably might be treacherous, who having a party in Egypt, lest Rehoboam should grow too great, together with some other pretended wrongs, might awaken this Bear from his den; but in regard of God, you may see the Reason set down, Vers. 2. Because they had transgressed against the Lord.  
The time of this War is set down in the 1. Verse. When he had established the Kingdom by wholesome laws, erecting God's worship, and countenancing godly men, 2 Chro. 11.16, 17. which continued three years, and strengthened himself by fortified places, and munition fit for war, as in the foregoing Chapter appears. Now when he had most peace and quiet, he and all Israel suddenly forsake the Lord, which was the fourth year; and in the fifth year comes Shishak, and with a mighty host wastes all before him until he come to the chief City.  
Now in Vers. the 5. and 6. is set down the repentanee of the people with their Princes especially. Shemajah, who no doubt had spoke against their idolatrous courses before, takes his season when they were low and tamed, and tells them the true cause of their misery, Vers. 5. Many sins there were in the Land, as Idolatry, and Whoredoms, etc. yet the venom was, They had forsaken the Lord: Let the sin be what it will be, yet let it be such a one as men forsake the Lord by it, that's the provocation; hereupon they humble themselves, some effectually, some hypocritically, yet all outwardly, and say the Lord is righteous; they extenuate not their sin, they lay not the blame on man, no not on Shishak, but see the Lord, justify his proceed, The Lord is righteous, we unrighteous, although it were more heavy than it is.  
Now in the 7. Verse, and in the words read is see down the mitigation of God's plague, and the moderation of his chastisement, I will not pour out all my wrath, yet I think it not fit to show perfect deliverance, I'll make them servants, to let them know, etc.  
There are two parts in the words read.  

1. The punishment or chastisement on Judah for forsaking the Lord, and backsliding from him, which is bondage and privation of the liberty they had, they must be Shishaks servants.  
2. The Lord's end; it was very gracious, That they may know my service, etc.   
For explication.  
1. What is meant by service?  
Answ, There are two things in service. 1. Government. 2. Subjection: cheerful obedience to that government. Both the Hebrew word, as also the nature of the thing itself hath these two.  
God sets up his government over a people, his people do or should subject cheerfully to this government; By my service is therefore meant my government, and your subjection wrought by me to this government.  
2. They shall know.  
1. Not by the knowledge of the brain, for that they know now, but knowledge of experience, as it's said in Ezek. 6. ult. When I shall have made the Land desolate in all their habitations, they shall know that I am the Lord. Now what shall they know of it?  
Ans. The difference between them, the sorrow of the one, the sweet of the other; the misery of the one, and blessedness of the other; the bondage of the one, and the liberty of the other.  
There might be many things observed from the words, but I note only the general.  
Obser. Doctr. 1 That when any people of God forsake the Lord, and cast off his government over them, they provoke the Lord to put them under the bondage of another government. They that abuse God's liberty must be under bondage; the Lord hath a Kingdom in this world most glorious; hence when men will not be under it, if they will not be ruled by him, they must be ruled by the whip; and if Christ's laws cannot bind, Christ's chains must. Jer. 5.19. And it shall come to pass when ye shall say, Wherefore doth the Lord all these things unto us? then shall thou answer them, Like as ye have forsaken me, and served strange gods in your land, so shall ye serve strangers in a land that is not yours. Psal. 107.10, 11. Such as sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, being bound in affliction and iron, because they rebelled against the words of God, and contemned the counsel of the most high. Ezek. 20.24, 25. Because they had not executed my Judgements, but had despised my Statutes, and polluted my Sabbaths, etc. Wherefore I gave them also statutes that were not good, and judgements: whereby they should not live, etc. Zach. 11.15, 16. And the Lord said unto me, Take unto thee yet the instruments of a foolish Shepherd. Verse 16. For lo I will raise up a shepherd in the land which shall not visit those that be cut off, nor seek the young one, nor heal that that is broken, nor feed that that slandeth still, etc.  
When people break covenant with God, and loathe him, then saith the Lord, I'll not feed, and then he sets over them Idol-shepherds.  
This is certain, when the soul will not subjecls itself to God, he goes about to subject God to him, nay to his justs. Isa. 43.24. Thou hast made me to serve with thy sins. For one of them must stoop, and a man would have the Lord be merciful, patiented, and pitiful to him, when he is in league with his lusts, now this the Lord will not do: And hence, if he does not destroy him, he withdraws himseif from serving of the creatune, and hence other evils take hold of it, and bring it under. When Adam stood, and was for God, all creatures served him, and the riches of God's goodness preserved him, the Lord communicated the sweet of his government or service to him; but when he turned away from the right ways of God: Now if the Lord should serve him by governing of him in goodness, he should serve a lust, and bow to the creature, nay to a lust, which is a vilet thing, then for one creature to fall down and worship another. Therefore now hence it comes to pass, because the Lord will not be a servant to any man's lust, there must be some other government that must seize upon them. Hence set all the Saints in the Churches with their faces subjected to the Lord, his good will and righteous ways, and then his goodness shall flow down upon them in and through Christ, for otherwise we have nothing to do with good, but when we are set right for God. Hos. 2.19. I will betrothe thee unto me for ever, yea I will betrothe thee unto me in righteousness, in judgement, in loving kindness and mercy, etc. The Lord will then command all creatures to be serviceable to his Church and people; Vers. 21, 22. But on the contrary misery must needs seize upon the soul that doth cast off the government of the Lord Jesus: Thus much for the general! explication of the point.  
Now in particular. 1. What is this government or service of God?  
2. What is that bondage he captivates his unto?  
3. Why doth the Lord do thus?  
Quest. 1. What is this government or service of God, Quest. 1 which being shaken off the Lord gives them over to bondage?  
Ans. There is a double government of the Lord over his people. Answ.  
1. Internal or inward, of which our Saviour speaks, Luk. 17.21. The kingdom of God (saith Christ) comes vot by observation and outward pomp; For behold the kingdom of God is within you: And this is nothing else in general, but when the Lord doth bv his Spirit in the word of his grace cause the whole soul willingly to submit and subject itself to the whole will of God so fare as it's made known to it; this is the inward kingdom of God & government of Christ in the soul. Rom. 8.14. So many as areled by the Spirit are the sont of God. Ps. 110.2. The Lord shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion, etc. 2 Cor. 10.4. Far the weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God to the pulling down of strong holds. Vers. 5. Bringing into captivity every thought to the obedience of Christ. There are mighty boisterous distempers, but the Lord when he comes in his Kingdom, to sit upon the royal throne of the hearts of his people, now they fly: and this is the inward Kingdom of Christ, like a poor Subject pardoned and received to favour, he is before the face of the Prince continually attending on him. Revel. 7.14, 15. These are they which came out of great tribulation, and have washed their robes, and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. Vers. 15. Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his Temple, etc. Now this is meant in part by God's service in these days; do you think the Lord cared for thousands of Rams? no, but to walk humbly, Mica. 6. Did he care for Temple and Ordinances? no, but Isa. 1.19. If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land. Neb. 9.20. In those days he gave them his good Spirit to instruct them.  
2. Externall or outward, the end and institution of which was to set up and help forward the inward; for external Ordinances are nothing in themselves, mean things, but as they are appointed arid sanctified for this end, they are most glorious: and therefore Christ threatens the Jews, Matth. 21.43. That the kingdom should be taken from them; what was that? Surely not inward, for that they had not, but the outward and external means called God's kingdom; all these helps and means shall be taken from you, and all laid ruinous. Now this external kingdom of Christ is double.  
1. The external kingdom or government of God by his Church, in the administration and execution, and subjection to the blessed Ordinances of God, wherein the power and Kingdom of Christ is seen, and thus, Dan. 2.44, 45. Dan. 7.27. If shall be given to the Saints of the most high, etc. Not to profane herds of beasts, or cages of unclean birds, but to the Saints of the most high, Whose kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and all the Princes of the world shall subject themselves to this kingdom of Christ.  
This outward Kingdom Christ administereth amongst his people in this world: And this was part of the Lords government over his people herein, though various from our form now.  
2. Of the Commonwealth, which may have divers forms, and had in the time of Israel; but it receiving its law from God, and governing for God, hence it was the government of God, and subjection hereunto was subjection and service to God himself: And hence when the people cast off Samuel, 1 Sam. 8.7. They have not rejected thee but me. Rev. 11.15. The kingdoms of the world are become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ, and he shall reign for ever and ever. For although the Commonwealth of Israel was made up of the Church, and hence Josephus calls it a Theocracy, where the Lord governed; and yet the same thing had divers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, forms and respects, and hence there was a divers government then, and hence made divers, 2 Chron. 19.5, 8. Jehosaphat sets Judges in the land throughout all the fenced Cities. Such is the wildness, boldness, and carelessness of men's hearts, that they do not only need laws, but watchmen over them to see they be kept: and hence the Lord appointed some chief, some Judges in every City, and also some in every Village, as by proportion may be gathered, Exod. 18. every ten men had one over them.  
Now this was the blessed wisdom of God to put all into sweet subordination one unto another for himself.  
1. Every one professing his name is made for God, for Christ, as Lord of Lords, unto whom every knee must how, and inwardly subject.  
2. Hence the Lord (it being not good to leave man to himself) erects a Kingdom of the Church with his own power, and authority, and government in it for that end.  
3. This being poor and shiftless against inward and outward revenge, hence the Lord sets up Kingdoms of the world, which either rule for this end or these ends or not, if they do not, they are to answer it, and shall one day to Christ, whom God hath made head over all things to the Church, Eph. 1.22. If they do, than their government, judgement and kingdom is the Lords in a special manner: and hence break the yoke of subjection to any one of these, you cast off Christ, the Lords government and service; and being so linked together, in truth if you break one you break all, and this will provoke the Lord to make you kiss the clink, and to put your necks under iron bondage that refuse subjection to him.  
Quest. 2. Quest. 2 What is that bondage or other government to which the Lord gives over his people when they have cast off his government, this will provoke the Lord if the Lord be cast off, and the casting off the government of Christ will bring the most famous Kingdoms, Churches and Families into bondage; you will say what is this bondage? when is it that the Lord takes his season for the execution of it?  
Ans. 1. Answ. 1 The Lord takes his own times to do it, these were a 12. month before the Lord sent Shishak: Here he was more quick. Nabuchadnezzar comes at last▪ and many years 'tis before the Lord doth it.  
2. The Lord is various in working, Answ. 2 as he is wonderful and hath divers ways or means of bondage, he hath more prisons and chains then one.  
First, sometimes the Lord opens the door of a Kingdom or State, for the inroad of some foreign, or it may be barbarous Enemy breaking in sometime by power, coming in sometime by craft, and then ruling like Lions, which the Lord makes to vex and prick the people of God; thus here their lives were spared, but liberties lost. Thus Judg. 2.13, 14. They forsook the Lord, and served Baal and Ashtaroth. And in vers. 14. The anger of the Lord waxed hot against Israel, and he delivered them into the hands of spoilers that spoiled them. Ver. 15. Whithersoever they went out, the hand of the Lord was against them for evil. And this the Lord doth many times suddenly, that one would never think that ever the Lord should be so sudden; the Lord can be as quick to punish, as man to sin, and that unexpectedly. Eccl. 9.12. Man knows not his time, but are taken like fish in an evil net suddenly. Lam. 4.12. The kingdoms of the earth, and all the inhabitants of the world would not have believed. Judg. 5.8. They set up new gods, and war was in the gate.  
2. Sometimes the Lord turns the edge of that lawful authority God hath set over them against themselves, to be a heavy scourge from God upon them: Thus it was with Israel in Egypt, Exod. 1.8, 9 there arose a King which knew not Joseph, and it's said than they were oppressed. Thus Jeroboam whom the ten Tribes chose, Hos. 5.11. he oppressed the people, he will be innovating, and this becomes their oppression: Thus the people under the reign of degenerate Solomon (though their complaint might be in part unjust.) Such is the venom of sin and unsubduednesse to the Kingdom God, that the Lord turns light into darkness, and makes an aching head matter of sorrow to all the state and body of people. Eccles. 10.16. woe to thee, O Land, when thy King is a child. And one man shall do a world of hurt, one Shebna or Amaziah, and this the Lord doth in justice many times for casting off his government.  
3. Sometimes the Lord gives a people up into the hands of one another to be mutual oppressors of each other that a man's neighbour shall be his oppressor. Zach. 11.9. I will pity no more the inhabitants of the land, I will deliver them every one into his neighbour's hands. I will feed you no more, that which dieth let it die, and that which is cut off let it be cut off, and let the rest eat every one the flesh of another. Sometimes the Lord is pleased to send marvellous straits into a place, that men are forced to embodage themselves sometimes by words as bitter as death, as sharp as arrows; the Lord is pleased for the forsaking of his righteous ways to make a man's self rip his own bowels, the father against the child, the master shall be a scourge to the servant, and the servant shall be a scourge to his master, weary him of his life, the government of the Lord in a man's heart or family being cast off. Mic. 7.4, 5. Trust not in a friend: No greater bondage in the world then for men professing the Lord, to be desperately set one against another.  
4. By taking from a people all that righteous power of government the Lord hath set over them, when a people despising the Lord and inward government first (for there all gins) and so not prising what they have, nor praying for them, nor subjecting to them, the Lord hereupon sends some sickness, or some other evil, that they are either suddenly taken away, or gradually, and when they are gone, all sink, or else such cross carriages, that as Moses said, so say they, I cannot bear this people. Thus Judges 21.25. Men did what was right in their own eyes when there was no King in Israel. No State so miserable as an Anarchy, when every one is a slave, because every one will be a master. Thus, Isa. 3.1, 2.6. Be a ruler to us. No, I'll not undertake to rule. So, 2 Chron. 15.3, 5. when without a teaching Priest, than no peace at all, men will not be under government of them, you shall not have them, they shall rest in peace, and you shall then know the want of them.  
5. By giving them over to Satan's, and their own hearts lusts, that seeing they will not serve the Lord, they shall serve their lusts & their sins, that now the Lord he hath left off chastising of men, and conscience shall check no more, prosper, saith the Lord, and go on in thy sin. Psal. 81.12. So I gave them up to their own hearts lusts, and they walked after their own counsels. Rev. 22.11. Let him that is filthy be filthy still.  
When the Lord shall give a man over to Satan, not only to winnow him, to let out the chaff, and so to make the grain the purer, or to buffet them as he did Paul, but to ensnare them, and hold them, that he shall not only tempt, but his temptations shall take, and not only take, but hold. 2 Tim. 2. ult. Who are taken captive by him at his will; taken alive as a snare doth, that now a man is beyond the reach of all means, only peradventure God may give repentance. Isa. 1.5. Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt yet more and more. The Lord leaves smiting, and says, Go on and prosper in thy sin: and which is the worst of all, Satan shall so blind him and harden him, fill him with pride, passion, lying, hatred of God's people, cavilling against the Lords ways of grace, slighting of his betters despising of wholesome counsel from his dearest friends, that he knows not that grey hairs are upon him. And after this when God hath cast out, it may be the Church doth also, a most fearful bondage that the Lord gives such a soul over unto.  
There are two reasons of this point, which I collect only from the story in this Chapt.  
Reason 1. Reas. 1 Inregard of the righteous Judgement of God. It's just and equal that he that will not be ruled by this blessed Lord Jesus, he should be ruled by his lusts; he that will not be in subjection to a merciful Christ, he should be in bondage to unmerciful men: this an humbled heart will acknowledge, as these do here, Verse 6. They acknowledged the Lord to be righteous: Mam being fallen it had been righteous with God to have left all men as the Angels that fell in chains of darkness for ever. But among his church and people the Lord sends the Gospel to proclaim liberty, and with it sends Christ with his Spirit, to come to the prison-doores of poor sinners, to give repentance as well as remission of sins, and now if they will not come out of their bondage, accept of the Lords liberty, 'tis exceeding righteous to deal with them as we do with prisoners condemned to die; if the Prince comes to the prison-doores, and says, I am come to give thee thy life, nay and here is pardon, nay favour, and to pull off thy chains also, now if he says not, I had rather be in prison; every one will say it is just; and as it was in the year of Jubilee he that would not go free was to be a bondman for ever. 'Tis very righteous to give men their own choice, 'tis no wrong to let them have their own will: If indeed the laws of Christ were Draco's laws, hard and heavy, there were something to object, but they are most sweet, and for which of all other blessings men have cause to bless him, Psal. 147. ult.  
Reason 2. Reas. 2 In regard of the mercy or merciful wisdom of the Lord towards his Church and people, especially his peculiar ones, that hereby they keep the closer to the Lord, set a higher price upon the rules and government of the Lord, love his kingdom the more, and the liberties thereof, and use them better when they have them again, so here, that they may know my service, etc.  
1. How sweet it is. Experience we say is the Mistress of fools; such is the foolishness of men's hearts that men are many times never truly taught a truth till they are taught it by sense. Prov. 5.11. and thou mourn at last when thy flesh is consumed; tell a man of all the glory of the Saints, they never understand it till they feel it, tell men of the woe of their ways, they will not believe it till they see it. Psal. 32.9. Be not as the horse or mule that hath no understanding, whose mouth must be held in with bit and bridle. Hosea 10.11. Ephraim is like an Heifer that is taught. Like untamed Horses that will cast their rider, unless they be held under and backed, and then they are gentle, so 'tis here; and truly 'tis long before a man can learn the sweet of Christ's government: hence Israel must be long in Egyptian bondage, and many long miseries, so that if there be either justice or mercy in the Lord he will do this, and this point shall be true.  
Use 1. Use 1 Hence then see that the greatest liberty and sweetest liberty is to be under the government of Christ Jesus, although men do not think so: hence the Lord tells them here they shall know my service, they might have replied we do know it. No, till they be in bonds they know it not, nor cannot learn it. So 'tis now; and hence let men observe whiles they live loosely, and are guided by their own wisdom, for their own ends, according to their own will, at peradventures, at rovers, as they please, they do think this liberty very sweet; and 'tis better then to be curbed in: But let the Lord strike an arrow in the heart of these wild bucks, that have broke park and pale, send affliction, and an Iron yoke of sorrow upon them or distress of conscience, if there be any sense and feeling left, they will bemoan themselves, and say, I did think my liberty sweet, but now I see 'tis bitter in a sinful way: and the Lords way was most sweet, by their own confession. Hence Psal. 2.3. Let us break their bands, etc. But Oh now hence learn this truth, and digest it throughly, that the greatest liberty lies here: do not in thy judgement think Christian liberty lies, in being freed from the law as a rule of obedience in respect of the matter of it to be done, nor in thy practice; but know, though thou didst meet with a thousand Sorrows with it and griefs, yet 'tis sweet. Christ's yoke; (Mat. 11.30) is easy, and his burden light. What? When not a hole to hid his head in, when a reproach of men, a worm & no man, when be boar the Father's wrath? Yes, when he was meek under it, (not mine but thy will be done) it was then most sweet. 1 Kings 9.21, 22. To be a servant to Solomon is no bondage, Psalm 119 32. I will run, when thou shalt enlarge my heart.  
Use 2. Use 2 Hence see the reason why the Lord hath deprived his Churches of their liberty, and his government over them at sundry times, and hath put them under Iron yokes, and bonds, and sore pressures, the reason is shown, they have either openly or more secretly cast off the government of the Lord, here hath been the very wound the ail of all Churches famous and glorious. Psal. 81.14. Oh that they had harkened, I should then soon have subdued their enemies. The cause is not so hard to find to a discerning spirit who is privy in any measure to the counsels of God. 1 King. 9.8, 9 Solomon hath a promise that the Lords eyes and heart shall be to his people which are under him: but if once they slip the Choler, than woe; and why? Because they forsook the Lord that brought them out of Egypt, they had liberty, but they cast it off.  
What do you think was the moving cause of all those bloody persecutions, when the blood of dogs was more precious then of Christian Churches? were not they godly? yes, I do not doubt of it: but as it was here, though humbled they must be in bondage, because they had cast off the government of the Lord Jesus. And hence in the Apostles time evil times were come, sad apostasies from the truth, and because it was long before they were low enough. And hence, Revel. 6. till the fifth seal was opened; no crying, as it was with Israel in bondage, no prayer to purpose, and because the Lord saw they would abuse all liberties if they had them. And hence in Constantine's time, when peace came in, contention came with it, and so abused all, that their peace was their poison. And hence in the primitive Churches, they began to cast off the government of the Lord Jesus, murmur there were, hence came persecution; but they were a precious people, and made blessed use of it. And the Lord couples their chief persecution with their rest. And 'tis said, Acts 9.31. Then had the Church's rest, etc.  
And what do you think of the reason of the long reign of Antichrist, exalting himself above God and all that's called God, bringing the Church under the heaviest bondage for body and soul that ever the earth saw? Men did not love the truth, either speculative to guide their minds, or practical to rule their wills; and hence left to this day.  
What is the cause of Bleeding Germanies woe? Oh poor Germany! Whence the Gospel first broke out in its full strength, that now 'tis a field of blood, that men in woods like satyrs are afraid of men, and men in cities glad to eat the entrails of Beasts, and sometimes the flesh of their own babes to preserve their lives. What was there no evil, but the common condition of the Church to be under the cross? ask them, they cannot tell what ails them, but curse the Emperor and Swedes, etc. Oh think of it with sorrow in secret for them that know it not themselves, they have secretly, I say, secretly cast off the government of a merciful Christ, and hence are under the hand of unmerciful men.  
What is the cause in our native country, notwithstanding all prayers and tears no deliverance? truly men do not know it but the Lord sees it, they know not how to use their liberty.  
And for ourselves, what shall I say, I cannot but bless God and wonder to see how 'tis with many, and rejoice to see many precious holy ones, to whom one day in God's court is sweeter than a thousand elsewhere: but I must profess and cannot but mourn for others, men that were eminent under bondage, but never worse than here; as if the Lord should say, Look here be your eminent ones; look, and fear, and mourn you ministers of my house; here be the people you had thought had been converted, and that of all others such a one would never a fallen so; one an opinion takes him, another a lot, another lose company, another his lust, another grows proud, another fierce, another murmuring: what should I name all? Oh that my words might be healing, etc.  
Use 3. Use 3 Hence see what will become of us that are now under the government of the Lord; if ever we cast it off, either inward, or outward, or both. We are not dearer to him then his people Israel here, nay Judah. When old Israel the great and numerous tribes of Israel had set up calves, little Judah and Benjamin received the Priests, and yet they fell and were in bondage. I know we are not yet in bondage; yet it is not more unseasonable to speak now then for the Lord to Solomon, 1 King 9.1.  
Quest. Quest. But there being much unsubduednes in the hearts of the best, how shall one know when there be such sins for which the Lord will cast from under his government?  
Answer 1. Answ. 1 When men do not loathe their own hearts for their unprofitableness, but loath Gods ordinances secretly, and grow weary of them as of their burdens, because of the unprofitableness of them. When a people find not that special good by them which recompenseth all losses, and so prise them, but lay blame on them because unfruitful to them, Malachi 3.13. He speaks to a people got out of Captivity, Your words have been stout against me, no say they, 'Tis in vain to serve the Lord, what profit is there in this? you must conceive they had many losses, were very poor as vers. 11. a temptation which a proud heart cannot endure above any, here is now no profit in mourning, fasting, etc. and Gods own people began to think so: and hence, Verse 16. Then they spoke often one to another, there was good effect of his Sermon: now what follows? Chapter 4.1. Hence the wicked shall come and cut off Branch and Root in Antiochus time, there is a burning day a coming, that shall burn down house, root and branch: and hence, Matthew 21.43. The kingdom shall be given to them that bring forth fruit, You will say, we do; No thy own mouth shall condemn thee, you do not, you find no good by all the ordinances of God, and hence come those Questions: what warrant for such an ordinance? the bottom is, they never felt good of it, and hence grow weary of it: well if it be your burden, the Lord will ease you of it.  
2. When you see men (professing the fear of God) mutually naturally contentions, and continuing so: I say, contentious with Saints which they say they love, and which by covenant bound to love, either from some conceived wrong, and hence cannot forgive as Christ doth them; or from aprejudicate groundless opinion, they care not for me, nor I for them; or from a spirit of scornful censoriousness, what are such and such? or because distasted, because of some reproof in their sin; or by some opinion, or by some worldly conveniency, or laying out lots, or restraint of some liberty, etc. or because of some sin: Now can sit and censure; and I say, when this is mutual; for a godly man may be contended with, but he prays & mourns and pities, unless it be at some time; but when it shall continually abide so fierce and implacable, Eccles. 7.9. Anger resteth in the bosom of fools; when a man shall be glad of an occasion of difference, that so he may departed and have something to quiet conscience for breach of Covenant, that there can be no healing, but Bellies of pigs are more dear than bowels! of Saints, and when quiet, upon the least occasion apt to pick holes and quarrel. Now it's time for the Lord to give over to another government. Zach. 11.14.15. When Brotherhood is broken, than an Idol-shepheard is set up. Exodus 2. Moses was sent to deliver Israel, but he finds two Hebrews oppressed striving, and must not be checked neither, well then farewell deliverance if you be of that spirit; you shall love one another better if ever the Lord doth that for you. It hath been the wisdom of some Princes, when their subjects have been at Civil wars, to call them forth to a common enemy, and there they can agree. Oh brethren, there is no sin like this, and yet none so slighted. You shall know what it is either by being yoked under enemies or sins. The first of these breaking bonds of union to Christ, the other with his members.  
Use 4. Use 4 Hence see the reason why many men are delivered up to the bondage of their own lusts, the most sad bondage and power of Satan, who have seemed to be delivered from it; truly they have cast off the government of the Lord. Men wonder why in this country men are more vile than ever they were, men that gave great hopes; the reason is this, they have seemed to be under Christ's government, but secretly cast it off: And hence filthy and vile lusts are their Apparitors and Pursuivants, etc.  
Objection. Object. The Saints feel a bondage, how shall one know the difference?  
Answer. The first and greatest inthralment is, Answ. 1 when Satan and sin so rule as that they know them not, this is lamentable, that like those, John 8.33. when Christ told them, if they continued in the truth it should make them free, they would not believe that ever they were in bondage: so here a man thinks himself free when he is a slave, thus Psalm 81.13. God gave them up to their own hearts lusts, and they were led by their own Counsels. The Saints may be much carried away by the power of Satan's temptations, but never so far as to think their bondage is their freedom, and to have reasons and arguments prevailing against the good ways of God's grace, and to have reasons to maintain their sinful courses, and that is in such as have wit, and parts, and knowledge, which through the righteous judgement of God are left so fare to abuse it, as to make use of it to maintain their sin-ful lusts.  
2. Answ. 2 When men if they see their bondage yet have no heart to come out of it, in using all means for that end. When the will is in captivity, no captivity like it, no galleyslave like it: A child of God hath a bondage and is led into captivity, but Oh miserable man he cries; but these, Prov. 17.10. have a price in their hand, but no heart to make use of it. Ezra. 1.5. So many whose hearts the Lord stirred, they got up to go to Jerusalem: But the Lord never stirs the hearts of these poor creatures: they know and fear, yet have no heart to get out of that condition, nay rather willingly are so. They sell themselves to their lusts, and sins, and Satan; here is (saith Satan) this gain, neglect prayer for it, tell a lie for it, break Covenant for it, lose thy peace for it: here is this honour and credit, look big on it: here is this estate, carry thy countenance high, and thus apparel thyself with these trappings, walk thus with thy boots French-like: here is this pleasure and mirth, keep thou this company, lose thy heart, neglect thy God, give thyself over to it: here is this ease, defer thy repentance, be cold in prayer, neglect thy family; and a man sells himself to his lust, pleasures and honours; thou art thus provoked, and therefore now thou must fret, and murmur, and rage, and hold thy own, and so ease thy heart, thus men set themselves to sale willingly.  
3. Answ. 3 When men have some heart to come out of it, but the Lord leaves men to an indifferency, and consequently to apostasy, as it was with Agrippa almost persuaded, and like the Iraelites that refused to go into that good land, Numbers 14. And hereupon the Lord was wroth, and said they should not, but they repentedand would feign have had some pity showed in regard of their misery, but their enemies fell upon them and destroyed them: all the plea of the Arminians is for this, which is nothing else but men's misery. Luke 14. those that were invited made their excuses and said, I must needs go and see it: But found no necessity to come to Christ. Now the Saints the Lord never leaves them to a spirit of indifferency, but keeps them in a spirit of necessity. I must come out of this miserable condition, saith the poor soul, they say not, flesh is weak, but I must have help. Psalm 110. because 'tis the day of the Lords power, they will not rest contented without help; and if the Lord delays them and hears not, they will follow the Lord so much the harder.  
4. If they have any resolution to come out, and think it must not be thus, and purpose never to live thus again; yet notwithstanding all their purposes and resolutions they fall again, and never get any real conquest, their untamed hearts & wills are never a whit more subdued. Isaiah 63.7, 8. For he said, Surely they are my people, children that will not lie. So he was their Saviour, but they soon rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: their wills were never subdued. But now the Saints either the Lord preserves them from such falls and apostasies: Or if they do departed from the Lord by reason of the prevailing power of any temptation, they ever get real conquest by their fall, their sinful corruption thereby gets its deadly wound. Rom. 11.10. Their backs are not always bowed down, but the Lord raiseth their bowed down spirits, Psalms 145.14. and upholdeth their spirits for them when they think they shall one day fall by the hand of such Saul-like sins and distempers. A carnal heart may carry a fair profession, and be in subjection to Christ for a time, but his back stands always bowed down under his profession, it is his burden, and hence at last he casts it off as a man doth his wearisome burden: but on the contrary, child of God being indeed weary of his sin, and carrying that up and down with him as his burden, with his soul bowed down in the sense of his own vileness, by this means through the help of Christ, at last he comes to get real conquest over his sin, and cast it off.  
5. When the Lord in this case lets them alone without inward or outward troubles, this is a fearful sign. Hosea 4.17. Ephraim is joined to his Idols, let him alone, the Lord will take no more pains with them, he is wearied out with striving. Isaiah 1.5. Why should ye be stricken, ye will revolt yet more and more; when the Lord sees men the worse for his merciful corrections, he deals like parents that have have striven long with their children, and can do no good on them, they then resolve to let them take their own course, and will own them no longer to be of their family: the Lord never deals thus long with his; but if their sin will not waste by words, the Lord will then try what chains will do, and now they shalt find good, now they shall remember their backslidings and apostasies from God, and their impenitency in fin, in fecret sins, especially in the days of their peace and prosperity; now the Lord will make fin as bitter as ever it was sweet. Oh consider this you that are prosperous, and because the Lord is good to you, therefore you think the Lord likes well of your ways. No greater plague than for the Lord to give a man peace in his sin, or if the Lord gins to afflct thee in thy name, or estate begin to be blasted, and thou canst see God's hand on thee, and knowest it, and yet thou remained unhumbled, this is a sign thou art under the bondage of thy fin.  
Use. 5. For examination, whether we do, Use 5 or when a people do cast off the government of the Lord and destroy his kingdom? it's needful to know the sin that we may prevent the misery; and 'tis certain, let New-England be watchful, and make sure here, to advance the Prince of peace, and to keep the right and government in his hand, and you shall have the blessing of God and his ordinances, peace and mercy in your times, and continued to your children; for his kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and of the increase of his kingdom there is no end: and on the contrary, if New-England cast off the government from over them, and refuse his service, the Lord will then take the kingdom from you, and you shall then know the want of what now ye enjoy. Now because Christ's government or kingdom is 

1. Inward.  
2. Outward 

in Church,  
in State.      
I shall let you know 1, when the inward kingdom of Christ is set up, and when 'tis tazed down, which I shall do by giving you a brief view of the nature or it, and wherein it consists, and so you may the better Judge of your own hearts in this particular. As Satan hath an inward kingdom in the hearts of those that are without, so the Lord Jesus hath an inward kingdom in the hearts of all his Saints, Col. 1.13. Blessed be God (saith the apostle) which hath translated us from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan into the kingdom of his dear son, which is very spiritual, little seen, a man may be under all outward government, and yet naught here; and therefore attend: this inward kingdom therefore consists in four things, or when the whole soul submits itself to God in these four particulars.  
1. When the whole foul gives entertainment unto the Lord himself to come into it: for if a people shall say they are under such a government, and yet will not admit the Prince himself to come amongst them, but keep him out of the kingdom, they cast off his government and his kingdom.  
2. When the whole foul closeth with the whole will of the Lord; for if a people shall receive a Prince amongst them, but he shall make no wholesome Laws to govern them, but will be led by their own wills and lusts, they pull down his kingdom.  
3. When the whole soul thus closeth with the will of Christ by virtue of the power and Spirit of Christ: for if a people submit to the will of their Prince, but 'tis not by virtue of his authority over them, command of them, and helps he hath given them for that end, but it is by reason of some foreign power, that underhand encourageth them to yield, this is poor subjection.  
4. When the soul thus submits to Christ's will for the Lords ends, denying its own wisdom or will, and isled by the Lord to his end▪ for if a people shall submit to their Prince, but 'tis to set up other princes, he is cast off from his throne. When a man shall serve God, and be under his government because it is profitable or honourable, it suits his own end, this is poor service in the Lord's account.  
1. I say then, the soul is under the inward kingdom or government of Christ, when the whole soul gives entertainment to the Lord of Lords, the Lord himself with all his train, in and by the Gospel of gra●e, the royal sword and Sceptre of Christ's kingdom; for when Christ himself is thus received, the kingdom of God is come to that soul, and entered into that heart; and hence Mark 1.14, 15. the Gospel is called the Gospel of the Kingdom, and when John and Christ preached believe and repent, for the kingdom of God is at hand. Under which word is comprehended much, but principally Christ Jesus ready to enter the souls of his people; and hence john preached Christ. Now 'tis said, those that were effectually wrought upon, Matt. 11.12. that the kingdom of heaven did suffer violence, and the violent take it by force; so that the kingdom of God is come into the hearts of all the elect of God, when the soul uses a holy violence, and the Lord does draw the heart to an entertainment of the Lord himself; Many difficulties there be between them and Christ, and yet they break through all.  
This is the condition of all men by nature, they are strangers to Christ, and live without God and Christ in the world, and Christ from them, and so Satan takes possession, and rules them, and so men are under the kingdom of darkness, so that the devil himself possesses every natural man, as the Apostle speaks, he worketh in the children of disobedience, and run on so, and remain so. Now the Gospel of the kingdom, and the means to advance Christ in his kingdom, makes a free offer of Christ himself; indeed it offers pardon, grace, mercy, life, glory, but all these, are in Christ himself, and we possess them by possessing and receiving of Christ himself; as a poor woman hath all the wealth of the man by entertaining of the man. So that the Gospel firstly and primarily offers Christ himself, and faith doth pitch on Christ himself and doth open those everlasting doors, that the King of glory may come in. john 1.12. 'tis said, So many as received him, he gave power to be the sons of God. 1 john 5.12. He that hath the son, hath life; so that now let a man refuse or reject the Lord himself as he is thus offered in the Gospel, he does refuse the kingdom of the Lord, and does refuse to be under the power of the Lord. True it may be said the kingdom of God hath been nigh to him, when Christ is offered in the Gospel, and God lays as it were nothing shall please me so much as this, if thou dost receive me. Luke 10. Go and preach to these and these Cities and if they will not receive you, shake off the dust of your feet, and let them know the kingdom of God hath been nigh to them; then Christ comes into the soul when the whole soul takes the Lord for himself, Christ and all that Christ hath, Christ in a pardon, and Christ in a promise: at that very day the Lord gave the heart to receive him, then is the kingdom of God come in that heart, and with him all, life, peace, joy, and glory, God, Spirit, and all.  
Now the whole soul receives him, when 1. The mind sees him in the glory of his grace, that though it had low, mean thoughts of Christ before, for which it mourns; yet the rising of this glorious Sun upon him, he esteems all things loss for him that he may win Christ, and be found in Christ, I in him, and He in me, in Vocation: and not having my own righteousness, in Justification: And to feel the life of Christ and death also in sanctification, and to attain to the resurrection of the dead in glorification: and now nothing is dear to the soul but Christ.— 2. When the will, after the soul hath had some hopes the Lord may look towards it in his grace, and having had many heart-breaking tears before the Lord, the Lord is now pleased by the glad tidings of the Gospel to give the will power not only to receive and entertain the Lord, but gladly to receive him. The soul wonders that ever the Lord should bow down to him, and offer mercy to him; and when as together with this, by the sweet savour of his Grace chat he doth let into the heart, the soul doth receive the Lord with most dear embrace into his soul, that now there is none like to the Lord. Cant. 1.3. Thy name is like an ointment poured out, where the very feet of the messengers of glad tidings are beautiful: But the Lord himself is the only crown and Joy of the soul, when the least look of love to a castaway is more sweet than kingdoms, ay and much more, that's love itself. Isaiah 52.9. Brtak forth into joy, sing together ye Waste places of Jerusalem; for the Lord hath comforted his People. When kings shall stop their mouths as vile in themselves, and not able to set forth that glory they never heard of before, and the soul for Joy sells away all to buy this pearl, that it says with David, Hon do I love thy Lan! Now beloved when the soul does thus receive the Lord, the kingdom of God is come to that soul; and therefore try and examine, is it thus with you? or hath the Lord begun to deal thus with thee, to give himself, the glory of Angels, the wonderment of heaven, the mighty God of heaven to come to thy heart? thou art then under the government of the kingdom of God. But now on the contrary if thou canst be content to receive the ordinances of Christ, or the consolations of Christ, or some of the commands of Christ, and that is all, and the Lord never gave thee a heart to close with Christ himself, it 's a strange thing to thee, that which is the main thing, the Diamond in the Ring of the Gospel; thou art yet fare enough off from the kingdom of God; I dare not say, nor think for all the world, that ever the kingdom of God came to thy heart. Again, if you have received Christ, but not with thy whole soul: that now the offer, promises, blood, life, grace, glory in the Gospel, are grown common things to thee; that the Lord never sent thee home wondering at the glory of God's grace to a poor wretch, never yet saidst, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord: the Lord never yet lay next thy heart, or if thou hast had some liking, and some love and affections in pangs; yet the Lord is not only precious, and exceeding dear in thy heart, thy heart breaks not for grief that thou hast so much slighted him, so little born him on thy heart; It is a sign that the Lord hath begun to reveal himself to thy soul, when he gives thee a heart to mourn for thy standing out against him, but this never came to thy soul.  
Certainly, here is the wound of many men: The Gospel of God never hath its proper effect, till the Lord help thee to give thy whole heart thus to a Saviour, to a God, to the Prince of peace; and till this is done, the Gospel is ineffectual, it doth nothing. It was a sweet prayer of him, Make thy Son dear, very dear, exceeding dear, only dear and precious, or not at all; If thou hadst a thousand hearts, it was too little for Christ to love him, and dost grudge him one? when thou hast imparted thy heart, and esteem to thy lusts and creature; dost thou love the Lord with part of thy heart? but a vile lust, a poor creature must have a share, and the remnant will serve Christ, is he not the only pearl of thy heart, to give him daily communion, no this thou art a stranger to. Hear ye despisers, and wonder, and perish, God will Work, a work in your days. What is that? the infinite God cannot express as it were, the wrath that shall come against such a soul; nor I cannot express the wrath that shall come upon such a despiser of the Lord Jesus. Give him all thy heart or none; if thou hast the Lord, thou hast his whole heart; if he had had a thousand lives, he would have laid them all down for thee: He poured out his blood for every one of his, but for the present thou art out of the Kingdom of God to this day.  
2. When the whole soul closeth with the whole will of Christ, having thus received him; for if a Prince become, and people will not be ruled by him, nor any laws that he makes, though never so good, but what they list, the Kingdom is cast off; For, beloved, there is a marvellous common deceit in men's hearts, they would not for all the world but have Christ; ay, but the will of Christ is neglected, that is a clog, and the burden of the Lord of hosts; Christ is sweet, and his will is bitter; Christ is precious, and his will is vile. Why do you make him a King, and ye will make laws for Christ, and you will rule Christ, and his will shall not stand? here is no King; Such kind of idle Libertines were in the Apostles time, 1 Joh. 1.6. If we say We have fellowship with him, and Walk in darkness, we lie, and there is no truth in us: But now when the whole soul does submit to the whole will of the Lord, now his Kingdom is come indeed, when his will is thus sweet. Dan. 7.27. His Kingdom is an everlasting Kingdom, and all nations shall serve him: and his servants ye are whom ye obey, whether Christ, the devil, or your own hearts.  
Now the whole will 

1. Directing.  
2. Correcting    
now when the soul submits to both, then Christ rules in his Kingdom; sometime you meet with Christ's directing will; now this is men's frame, naturally they will not see it, they Will not come to the light, John 3.20. they are led by their own counsel, and will not regard the light and counsel of God in his word; they will quarrel with the light when it is cross to their ends, gain, honour and the like; men have high thoughts against the Lord Jesus, 2 Cor. 10.5. Casting down imaginations, and every high thought that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God. And again, if men do see it, yet like the devil that has much light, they do not love it, nor out of love (not unless it be out of fear) subject to it, like Balaam that had no love to God's command, but only was acted by fear and constraint; now when the soul continues thus, it casts off Christ's Kingdom; but if the whole soul first comes to the light, though it sees little, sets the whole will of Christ before it, Psal. 18.22. saith David; I have kept the ways of the Lord, and have not wickedly departed from my God, and though it hath had many quarrelings against the truth of God, yet now it hath not, nor dares not, but says, Lord, teach me; the. Lord gives them hearts to lie down at the feet of any man that shall show them any thing that is amiss in them, and they say with David, Lord, search me, and try me: I have many crooked ways, and therefore, good Lord, find them out, and therefore come to the Lord for that end; and though there be something in them that is desperately contrary to the good will of God, yet there is an inward man that does delight in the law of God, and when the Lord is pleased to give them an heart to submit to the will of God; Oh the soul doth wonder at the Lord, that the Lord should show him any thing, and help him against temptations; and though there be a great deal of weariness in the ways of God, yet there is a spirit within him, that it is indeed heaven itself to him to be in the ordinances of God; now ye stoop to the directing will of Christ, when this is rhy way, though thou goest oft out of it, yet comed in it again, as sin is a wicked man's way, although he goeth athousand times out of it.  
Now, for the other, the correcting will of Christ; The Lord hath strong trials: Now here subjection to Christ is required as well as to the directing will of Christ; then the soul submits to this will when the mind objects not, charges not God with folly, as Eli, 1 Sam. 3.18. It is the Lord, let him do what seemeth him good; And likewise the will, though it hath had many sad bouts, yet this is his frame in the conclusion, that the will of Christ is better than every thing else, the will of Christ is alone sweet to him, Isa. 38. saith Hezekiah, Good is the will of the Lord, and so Lam. 3. It's good for a man to bear the yoke in his youth, and to turn his cheeks to him that smites him; Nay when there is spiritual evils on the soul, as was on Christ himself, spiritual desertions, nothing but bitterness and sorrow; yet the soul saith, as Christ did, Not my will, but thine be done, Father save me from this hour, yet Father glorify thyself, and so the soul does humbly submit itself to the Lord; though the Lord should never pity it, yet it will lie down at the feet of the Lord, now is God's Kingdom come.  
But if the soul will have Christ, and yet cast off the will of Christ. 1. Either in his judgement, that the law of God as given by Christ, should be no rule to a Christian; suppose you were in England, and were there pressed to bow before an Altar, or Image; what shall lead you, if that Gods will and law must not be your rule? The Lord will one day make you know, his blessed will, in that blessed law of his, that ye shall never find peace to the end of the world, except the Lord do help ye thus to walk. Again, when men cannot endure the will of Christ, cannot endure exhortations, what doth the man mean to exhort us thus? I tell thee, there goeth forth power with the exhortations of Christ. I say, take heed of casting off the will of Christ here; and so when men in their practice shall quarrel against any of God's truths, and are loath to see it, or if they do, yet not love dearly every truth of God, but it's a burden to them; especially if it cross their own ends and gain, they will not see it to be a truth, lest they should be convinced, and turn to the rule of it; if the will and ordinances of Christ be a burden to a man, and a man is not weary of his weariness, but weary of them all the while: Art thou under the government of Christ? If a man forsaken of God, led by his own counsels be under the Kingdom of Christ, than thou art; so long as there is credit for the truth, so long it is entertained; but now suppose it be costly, that it shouldbring beggary & affliction with it, is it now sweet to you? doth this support thy heart? I am in God's way, canst lie down and subscribe to the equity of Christ's proceed with thee, though he should never show favour to thee; if it be not thus, I dare not say thou art under the Kingdom of Christ. And so for the correcting will of Christ, many sad afflictions the Lord tries thee withal, the Lord tries men marvellously; when thou art under the hand of the Lord, those very things that should make men cry to heaven, and wean thee from the world, those very things do harden thee, and make thee grudge and repine. The Lord be merciful to thee, if this be thy frame, the Kingdom of Christ never came into that heart; you are begging for mercy; and the Lord says, you mercy? you have abused it; no saith the Lord, Go to your lust that have despised the day of grace, and so now you cast off the Lord, because the Lord will not give you mercy when you would have it. Will you now quarrel with the Lord? no, down proud heart; pray still, and mourn still, and turn to the Lord; and say, Lord do with me what thou wilt, I am clay in thine hand, thou may'st make me a vessel of dishonour, I deserve not the least bit of bread; such a one as is above the Lord and his will, is not under the Lord, therefore submit thyself to the good will of Christ.  
3. When the soul doth thus submit to the will of Christ, by virtue of the power and Spirit of Christ, i. e. when the soul doth not submit by virtue of its own power, strength or ability, for this is forre gne power; But as it do h seek to submit to the will of Christ, so it would have Christ himself, act it and rule it, and so enable it to submit there unto; Now is the Kingdom of God come near to that heart. And herein Christ's Kingdom is different from Princes, they give laws that men may keep them by there own, might; hence they command no imimpossible things, but the will of Christ is so cross to a carnal heart, that 'tis impossible man of himself should submit to it: But the Lord doth it for this end, chat the soul should then come to Christ in its need, that he would do all the good pleasure of his will, and now the Lord himself reigns, and that gloriously, Rom. 8 1, 2. For the law of the Spirit of life which is in Christ Jesus, hath made me free from the law of sin and death. Acts 5.31. A Prince and Saviour, for to give repentance and remisspon of sint. It is part of his Princely power for to give remission of sins; both in turning from sin, and to God, and all the ways of God, and now you exalt him when he is thus set up: 1 Cor. 4.20. The Kingdom of God is not in word, but in power. The power of Christ Jesus is come into thy soul, and the soul is under the Kingdom of the Lord Jesus, when it doth lie under the mighty power of the Lord Jesus Christ, 2 Thess. 1. 11, 12. We pray always for you, that the Lord would work and fulfil the good pleasure of his will, and the work of faith in power, that Christ may be glorified. Yea, then is Christ glorified when God omnipotent reigns over sin and unbelief; and when the Lord doth this, not only the Kingdom of God is now come, but the Kingdom of Christ in glory is come; there is many a poor soul thinks Christ rules him not, because he cannot do this nor that, became he finds his heart unable, and unwilling for to submit to the will of Christ; I find no strength at all, saith the soul, and I go to Christ and find not strength conveyed, and now he thinks he is not under the Kingdom of Christ. I answer, that is not the question; but hath the Lord made thee willing in the day of bis power? when the soul doth lie under the power of the Lord Jesus Christ; when i soul doth lie like wax before the Lord Jesus; when the soul saith, Lord there was never any change of my nature; the good Lord change it, and if there be any change, the good Lord increase and stir up the graces of thy Spirit in my soul, and do thou lead me and guide me. Brethren, the Kingdom of Christ is come to this soul: John 5.40. You will not come to me for life; He doth not say, you do not quicken yourselves, or ye cannot come to me, but will not; here is their wound, they will not come to Christ for life. Rom. 6.19. As ye have yielded your members servants to sin and Satan, so now yield up yourselves servants to righteousness and to holiness. Psal. 119.5, 6. Thou hast commanded that we should keep thy precepts continually. Oh that my heart were directed to keep thy precepts continually! Oh that my heart were directed to keep thy statutes! When a Christian is grappling with his own heart, ye will never be able to overcome the unsubduednesse thereof; but when ye bring them to the Lord Jesus Christ, that he would take a course with them: 1. Now ye please Christ. 2. Ye take a sure course to have the will of God done, he being in office for that end; for Him hath God exalted to be a Prince and Saviour to Israel: When the soul doth look up to the Lord Jesus, and lie under the power and Spirit of the Lord Jesus. 3. You now make the yoke of Christ sweet, and his name glorious; nothing glorifies Christ so much as this, when Jesus doth work in a Christian, now the Kingdom of Christ is come to the soul, and that in power.  
But now when men will not submit thus far to Christ: 1. They can do nothing, but will not come to him, on whom God hath laid salvation; you say, you cannot understand, nor edify by the Sermons ye hear, and you cannot part with your lusts. Ay, but now this is thy condemnation, thou wilt not go to a Saviour that he may teach thee and help thee, when men will not have the Lord Jesus to reign over them: or 2. If men do come, they will not come to him where he may be found; but say, I can do nothing; Christ must do all, and so neglect the means wherein he will be found: or 3. Will submit and come in means to him, but not then at the special time when He is to be sought, and may be found, viz. in time of temptation. But then forget and forsake him, and cry not Hosanna: Lord, now save, now help me against this lust; When temptation comes, when passion and pride come, do you now go to Jesus Christ? When the world gins to draw thy heart away; dost thou say thus, Lord I have prayed this day against this sin, and Lord I have no strength against it, now Lord help me? but here is the misery of the soul, it doth not go to Christ, and by this means live in complaints all their life-time. 4. If lastly any thing be to be done, they will do it themselves, as Paul, Gal. 1.12. Not but that a Christian should put forth himself, a Christian is not a dead-hearted Christian at all times, but the grace of God which comes from Christ, doth act the soul in a continual dependence on Christ; and where Christ acts not, there Satan doth. Now I say the Kingdom of God is come, when the soul doth thus submit to the stream of the blessed Spirit of the Lord, that the Lord may guide it. Oh beloved, here is the skill, that poseth the Angels how to tell you; so to yield yourselves to Christ, as that Christ may come, so to abide in the stock, that all your fruit may be from him: So to lie under the Lord, as that the stream of the Spirit of life may fall on thee; so to be implanted in the Lord, as to fetch life from him, and bring forth fruit to him. But try this course, submit to the will of the Lord Jesus, be nothing in thy own eyes; and if the Lord do give thee any thing, bless the Lord for it; if any strength against thy sin, be vile in thy own eyes, and try and see if ye find not the Kingdom of God, the glory of Heaven come into thy soul. Oh the light, life, prayers you might have, the heavenly conference ye will have together, that it would do a man's heart good to be with such a Christian; that those that are with you might say, Verily God is in this man; verily there is joy in Heaven when the Saints keep in this frame.  
4 When the soul yields thus to the will of Christ for Christ's ends; for such is the subtle wretchedness of men's heart, that men would have Christ glorify himself, that he may glorify and honour them; like Simon Magus, that would give any money for Apostolical gifts, that he might be some tody that way also: Now if a man shall submit, go to Christ for gifts and parts; that's to set up another King, to advance a man's self; and so also sin and the devil, and Christ must be made a servant for this end; He is now no King▪ like a Rebel that is not content, that thousands of the King's Subjects should serve him, but he will have the Prince serve him also: Every man will say; this doth utterly overthrow the Kingdom of such a Prince. When a man shall secretly fight against the Lord, and be for himself; and for the devil and sin within; When a man shall make all the creatures serve him, the soldiers of his army; meat, drink, and outward comforts, this is a marvellous thing; Ay, but when a man shall make Jesus Christ, and God himself, and profession of Christ; make these to serve him, to raise up his name; this the Lord takes very ill.  
Only this I would add; when the soul doth look at Christ with a single eye, that Christ is sweet and precious, and lies under the blessed Spirit of Christ for that end; and now looks up to Christ, that he may submit to him with a single eye, that the name of Christ may be glorified by life, and death: true it is, self will be in every duty, and so is contrary to the Lord in all, and not for the Lord. Yet though it be thus, there is another thing in the soul that is wholly for God and Christ: and hence seeks that he may do his work; his heart loves him, and so seeks him; and he begs it with many tears. Oh that my children might serve and love this God; nay, that all the world might see, and bless, and admire this God, and the Lord enlargeth his heart herein, Psal. 72.19. and truly now the Kingdom of God is come to thy soul. Rom. 5. 17. As sin and Satan do reign by death: So Jesus Christ doth reign by life to eternal life. Matth. 25.14. He is the true Subject that improves his Talents for the King: Christ will subdue all his to himself, Psal. 66.3. Through the greatness of thy power, shall thine enemies submit themselves to thee. Rom. 14.17. For the Kingdom of God is not in meat and drink; but in righteousness and peace, and joy in the holy Ghost. When a man shall be picking fault with things, and this and that offends him; get ye gone, the Kingdom of God consists not in that: But when the soul does go to the Lord, & maintain his peace with God, and love to the people of God, and joy in the holy Ghost, here is the Kingdom of God; He that serves Christ in these things, the Kingdom of God is come into his soul.  
He that thus submits to the Lord Christ; he must first be a man weary of his own counsels, and must loathe himself: When the Lord hath wearied a man of his own ways; he says, What am I that the Lord should show me any mercy? And when the Lord calls him to any service; Lord, What am I, that I should now pray to thee? Bless the Lord, when the Lord doth keep thy heart in this frame; but now when men will honour Christ, and yet Saul-like have Christ honour them: Many poor creatures they think it a credit to be in Church-fellowship, and they will seek to know Christ, that they may attain Church-fellowship, and have honour; but know it, till the Lord do pull down thy base ends, and make thee loathe thyself, and so to submit to his blessed will; truly till then, the Kingdom of God is not come to thy soul: Think of these things, for if the Kingdom of God be in our hearts, then look for good days; Brethren, let New-England be confident of it: but if this be gone from the souls and hearts of men and women in their several families and places; though they may have the outward Kingdom of Christ, yet the inward Kingdom being not set up: I say no more but what he said, Go to Palestina and Bohemia. Certainly, if they had not cast off the Lord's government, they had nevever seen those lamentable days; they had outward Ordinances; Oh, but here was the thing; the inward Kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ, and subjection to the will of the Lord Jesus, and to be for the Lord Jesus; this the Lord saw, was not in them, therefore the Lord hath left them to be lamentable spectacles. Therefore dear brethren, I do beseech you, pray and beg for this Kingdom. Thou sayest, I fall short of this: Know this Kingdom of God is at first like a grain of Mustardseed, some little lying under the will of Christ; if it be in truth, blessed be God for it; The Kingdom of God is come, and the soul doth weep and mourn after the Lord, that the Lord would bring every thought into subjection.  
Know it, the Kingdom of God is come to thy soul; and know it, thou hast Jesus Christ at the right hand of God the Father, interceding for thee; therefore, go home and bless the Lord, and wonder at his grace, that hath translated thee from the Kingdom of darkness, to the Kingdom of his dear Son: If the Lord hath let thee find the beginning of these things in truth, go home, and bless the Lord for it.  
2. Try when the external Kingdom of Christ in his Church is cast off; for we told you, this was Christ's Kingdom. 'Tis called the Kingdom of Heaven, Matth. 25.1. And 'tis it which the Lord gives up at the last day to God the Father; and hence, Mat. 8.12. the members thereof are The children of the Kingdom; and hence we read of the rulers and governor's of it: and the keys, not only of doctrine; but of power and jurisdiction committed by Christ Jesus to it, punctually expressed in Scripture.  
Now we know, in the Church there is a threefold power of Christ in Government. 1. The supreme Monarchical absolute power of Christ, in and by his Ordinances. 2. There is some derivative power of the Church from Christ jointly together. 3. There is a Ministerial power of the officers of the Church itself. Hence the Kingdom of Christ is overthrown when these three are, when this threefold cord is broen by the sons of men; and if whole America cast off these, or any of these; then they fall to bondage; and if particular persons in Churches do, the Lord will do the like to them much more: 1 Kings 9.4, 5. When Solomon had been praying much, the Lord tells him; If he would walk before him as David his father had done, to keep his statutes, and obey his commandments; then he would be a God, making good his promise; but if not, than the Lord would cast off him and that place. So Zach. 14.17. And it shall be, that whoso will not come up of all the families of the Earth, to worship the King the Lord of Hosts; even upon them shall be no rain. The Lord is quick in his judgements, and will spare none.  
1. There is a supreme power of Jesus Christ in his Church and Ordinances thereof, Isa. 9.6. The Government is on his shoulders; it is true this power is on others also, but he is the main. Heb. 3. Moses was only a servant in his House, Christ as a Son. The guidance of all things in the Church doth lie chief on him, or else it would never be carried along. Christ is a Son, and that in his own House; into whose hands the supreme power of guiding, and ordering all things in the Church of God is put; the experience of God's Saints and People doth find another power, which shows that the Lord Jesus hath, and doth exercise a mighty power in the ordinances of his Worship; the supreme and kingly power which he exerciseth in the hearts of his people.  
Now cast off this kingly power, the Lord himself is cast off; I speak not immediately as in the internal Kingdom, but mediately. And for this, the Lord will bring into bondage, Luk 19.17. Those mine enemies, saith Christ, which would not that I should reign over them; bring them hither, that I may slay them; which is meant of the Lords external administration by his servants.  
Quest. Quest. When is this done?  
Answ. 1. When men impenitently break Covenant made with the Lord. Answ. 1 Especially in his Ordinances of cleaving and submitting to him therein, and remain so with impenitency.  
This is the main and first Original of all the rest. Now it is manifest, the power of Christ Jesus, the supreme power of Christ is cast off; for a man does profess by this, that not the will of Christ, but his own will shall rule him; Christ shall not be Lord, but as they said, Jer. 2.31. We are Lords, we will come no more at thee. When the League and Covenant between Prince and People is broke, than he is cast off from being King; this is certain, the Lord never did receive any people to himself from the beginning of the world to this day, but he hath done it by some Covenant: Nor never any people took the Lord to be their God, but by some Covenant, they bond themselves to the Lord. Whereby they were either made his people, or continued to be his people, and he their God; but I cannot now stand to clear this. Now look, as when the Lord breaks his Covenant, he casts them off from being his people; (though this he never doth to the Elect) So when people break Covenant with him, they cast him off as much as in them lies, from being their God; they do as much as in them lies, make the Lord to be no God. You shall see therefore, Hosea 10.3. They say, we have no King; because we feared not the Lord. It is the speech of Conscience, and that at a sad time; wherein they did not fear the Lord; They have spoken words, swearing falsely, and breaking the Covenant. In their time of Covenanting with the Lord, there seemed to be much sorrow and humiliation; yet in these very Covenants, Hemlock did spring up, and hence captivity came. Many times the Covenants that are made, there is such outward seeming reality; that not only men, but the Lord speaking after the manner of men, He thinks certainly these Promises, these Covenants will never be broke; yet they are broken. Isa. 65.8, 9, 10. I said, surely, saith the Lord; This is a people that will not lie. Such profession, and such acknowledgements, etc. so it is said; In all their afflictions, he was afflicted, and the Angel of his presence did redeem them: But afterward, they rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: They cast off the Government of the Lord, they would not be under the bonds of the Lord, and so he was turned to be their enemy; this is that which brings captivity and bondage. Jerm. 2.14, 15, etc. Is Israel a servant, saith the Lord? ye shall see the reason why he was so; I have broken their iron yoke, saith the Lord, and I have burst thy bonds, and I have planted thee a noble Vine; yet hast thou degenerated: and this is that which doth make them vassals or slaves. And in truth you never see Churches laid desolate; but when that time comes, men shall see, and shall profess it. When other Nations shall ask; Why hath the Lord dealt thus with his people? The answer shall be clear; They have broken the Covenant of the Lord. When many miseries come upon particular persons, what is the cause of it? then remember the Covenant thou hast broken with the Lord. Isa. 24.5, 6. They have transgressed the Law, speaking of the whole earth; And they have changed their Ordinances, and broken the everlasting Covenant. A people that might have had everlasting mercy, they would not submit to the Lord, they have broken this everlasting Covenant of the Lord: Now what follows? The earth is defiled under the inhabitants thereof; and hence heavy things that are there written, shall befall the whole world; It is a sin that defiles the earth men tread on, and the houses men inhabit in, for it is a sin against most light: They which make Covenants have a great deal of light, and also most will. And that does aggravate a sin; when the whole heart, as it were, does give up itself to a lust, and breaks hereby all bonds. And it is a sin that men might avoid, if they would be watchful against: For it is a sinful thing to make a Covenant of impossible things, therefore it lies heavy on the conscience of men afterwards; I might have been better, and might have walked better; Nay, it is a sin that does destroy the Law of the Lord: this sin it does destroy the very will of Christ. Hadst thou never been bound in Covenant; hadst thou laid by this Covenant, the will of God had been kept whole. As cords not used, are kept whole; but when broke, are utterly spoiled. When a man does bind himself by a Covenant to the Lord, and then break it; he does as much as in him lys, to destroy the Lord from being King.  
'Tis true, the Saints and people of God may be said in some case to break Covenant, but yet they never impenitently break Covenant with the Lord; they may break Covenant with the Lord very often, but yet it is with them as those in Judges 2.1, 4. When the Angel of the Lord came to them, and they were under grievous sad bondage; faith he to them from the Lord: I have brought you up out of the land of Egypt, and I have broke your bonds; and I have said, I would never break Covenant with you: and I said, you should make no League with the Canaanites, but ye have not obeyed my voice; why have ye done this? And all the people heard this; and it is said, All the people wept. Doubtless some were sincere, though happily many were full of hypocrisy; and so the sincere heart laments it, and renews his Covenant. The poor soul hath nothing to say many times, though the Lord should bring never so much misery on it; yet the soul stands weeping before the Lord, that it hath broke the Covenant of the Lord, and made void the Covenant of the Lord; yet the Saints they never break it wholly, they never departed wholly from the Lord.  
Now when a people shall impenitently break Covenant, as hath been said: that men can study arguments, how to nullify Church-covenant; nay, worse when in Covenant, than ever before; and the business is, they are loath to be in bonds; when men shall grudge the truth of the Lord, others if their judgements be not set against it; yet notwithstanding, in deed and practice, they live as if they had never been in Covenant. Once they were a pleasant plant; but now they are degenerated, as the Lord doth there complain. Beloved, when it is thus, the League between the Prince of peace, and the Church is broke; they do as much as in them lies, seek to cast off the Lord from ruling over them.  
2. When there be additions made to the Ordinances of Christ, by humane ordinances and inventions of men; let any set up new ordinances, new inventions of men, they set up new gods; and they do as Subjects set up new Kings, which is indeed to pull down him that was, and so they do to Jesus Christ; they do deny the supreme headship of Christ, and his authority over them; though it may seem a small thing, yet thus it is: And hence ye shall observe Jeroboams calves, though they worshipped the same God which was at Jerusalem, varying only in circumstance; yet the Lord professeth, that they had set up new Gods, and so indeed did pull down the true God and his government from over them, and this brought bondage. And hence, Col. 2.18, 19 Let no man beguile you of your reward with a voluntary humility, saith the Apostle, and worshipping of Angels, intruding into those things which he hath not seen, etc.  
Whatsoever pretence be upon the inventions of men, take heed of that; if it be the inventions of men, in vers. 19 and not holding the head; the very headship of Christ is denied, and the ground is this; To say that Christ is not a sufficient means of salvation, of saving his people, and ruling his people; it is to deny the headship of Christ: and likewise to say, that Christ hath not appointed for his people sufficient means for that end; is to say, that Christ is not a sufficient means to rule his people; and he that shall say, Jesus Christ is not a sufficient means, he does deny the headship of Christ. Now to set up any inventions of men in the worship of God, to be a means to carry the heart to God, is to say, that Jesus Christ hath not appointed sufficient means for that end; and therefore he is not a sufficient means of guiding, and saving, and ruling his people. Nay, this I will add; let there be any invention added to the worship of God, that's merely the will of man; nothing else, but only this I would have ye do it; they are such things as do neither make a man better nor worse, but only use them, and ye are commanded to use them, and nothing but the will of man: This is to set up a new Christ, and to pull down the power of Christ Jesus, to submit herein to the authority of man, merely because of the will of man, that there is nothing seen but his will: There is (it may be) neither good nor hurt in it; It is to make that man a God and Christ; it is peculiar to Christ to do it, and this does pull down the Lord Jesus Christ from his throne; when there is adding to the worship of the Lord. I need not I suppose speak any thing this way; Only remember to be watchful against this; when the Lord doth send tentations this way into Churches, or into any place; be watchful against new inventions of men to be added or made, they are very sinful; and if ye ask me when we shall look for such times; I need not go fare from my Text.  
It is said, that Rehoboam and all the people walked in the worship of the Lord three years; but in one year, Rehoboam and all the people fell off from the worship of the Lord. O therefore take he●d of this, when the tentation comes: 1. When the Lord bows the hearts of those in authority, men of eminency to fall this way, than multitudes follow; as, vers. 1. Rehoboam sinned and Israel with him. 2. When persecution ariseth for the truth, Gal. 5.12. They must be circumcised to avoid persecution. 3. When men's hearts are surfeited with the Ordinances of God, and weary of them; when the Ordinances of the Lord Jesus Christ, men find no benefit by them, the heart of man will then be making out after some thing of its own; then we must look for Apostles, Prophets, and Evangelists, and this curiosity, and the other nicety; then a conceit and imaginary picture of a man's own, is more beautiful than all God's Ordinances besides, and all Religion is placed there; it may be in extending too far any Ordinance itself, though it may seem little at first; yet when it is thus, then look for evil times.  
3. When as a people seek to abolish and destroy any Ordinance of Christ, but especially if on this ground; either because of some outward evil they bring with them, in the fruition of them, or hope of some outward good they shall receive by casting them off, or because of no good they reap by the enjoyment of them: Whensoever ye see this, that they are cast off on this ground, then look for bondage; for it will come on whole countries in general, and on particular persons: For Jesus Christ is in his Ordinances, and his Throne is not only in Heaven among the Angels; but, Isa. 9.7, 8, 9 He sits on the throne of David, among his Church and People; and pull these down, you pull down Christ's throne, the Prince of peace; when ye pull down his Ordinances. 1 John 2.19. there were many that did seem to be for Christ, and yet against Christ, this is one sign by which he notes them; They went out from us, for they were not of us: that it might be made manifest they were not of us. Now I say, when men shall pull down the Ordinances of Christ, and withdraw themselves from the communion of Saints; and when it is for one of these ends, in regard of some outward evil that the Ordinances do bring with them, or some outward good they shall get by casting them off; then certainly look for bondage. As a Prince that hath one near him, he may attempt change of things in State; but when he is set a work by a foreign State, and is a pensioner to the Pope or Spaniard: Now he is real to root out the Prince; and this provokes.  
So here, many times a Christian, he may in conscience speak against some of the ways of the Lord, and this may be the condition of the Saints and people of God, and they may speak it in conscience; and this may be tolerated, when it is for want of light; nay, they may through stubbornness of spirit, cast off Ordinances; but when now it is for this reason, though he hath indeed his colours for it; you shall, saith Satan, have this gain, and this ease, and these conveniences; and what do you do with Ordinances? and now a man gins to find out arguments; and saith, Satan, If ye attend to the enjoyment of Ordinances, here be these miseries, therefore away with some of God's Ordinances at least. Oh, brethren, when it is thus, that there is this secret pension from the world, that now had the Lord Jesus, the honours of the world attending on them, than they could make much of them; but because they come with poverty, therefore they can plot and speak against them, and in time come to cast off the Ordinances of the Lord Jesus; It is certain the Lord bath bondage for such souls, and you will certainly find this true one day. Mal. 3.14, 15. The people, they say; What profit is it that we have served the Lord, and that we have walked mournfully before him? and hence, they forsook the Lord; Hence, Chap. 4.1, the Lord threatens, that He will burn them up, both root and branch. The Lord hath consuming fire for such one day.  
The Ordinances of the Lord were too costly for you. Mark 12.7, 8. The Lord hath his Vine-yard, he lets it out to husbandmen, and he sends for the fruit; and at last the son himself comes to call for fruit. Now say they; Here is the son, let us kill him. Why, what is the matter? out of gain, that is the business; That the inheritance may be ours. Here is this gain to be without them, and therefore to cast off Christ: What will the Lord do to these husbandmen? he will take away his Vine-yard from them, etc.  
It is the speech of Luther, Venture in omni religione potentissimum Idolum: When the Belly is served, Christ must be destroyed. Men may have this quiet life without these Ordinances; and hence men bear a privy grudge against the Ordinances of the Lord, because the belly is not served. Look as it was with the Jews; they looked for a glorious King to come to them, and Christ came; and though they were told of it before; when he came, he had nothing but his Cross; and he tells them, If they will be his Disciples, they must take his Cross. But now, because he came not with pomp, but only with his cross, this is the great reason; why to this day the Jews do set themselves against the Lord Jesus Christ; the Cross came with Christ, that's the cause of it: So when men shall look for great things from the Ordinances of Christ, and when they come to enjoy them; they meet with nothing else but Christ and his Cross, and disappointments, and desertions; when they meet with this, than Christ is cast off, and they profess he is no King, and Cesar is our King: and if we take this man to be our King; the Romans will ruin us.  
I know it is a hard trial for a man to be put to such a straight; for the Lord to advance the price of his Ordinances at that high rate, that all must be parted with for the enjoyment of them. But yet notwithstanding, he is for ever unworthy to have the Lord Jesus to rule him, that shall therefore make him a King as they did, John 6. He was their Cook, therefore they made him King. Therefore this I say, take heed of disputing against, or denying, or nullifying, not only outwardly, but in thy very heart secretly, any of God's Ordinances: for that the Lord complains of his people, that their hearts went after their wickedness. Oh take heed of doing thus against any one of God's Ordinances, because straits do attend on them: It was the speech of David, Ps. 119. Thy law is pure, therefore thy servant loveth it. Suppose thou shouldest never get any good by any of God's Ordinances; yet thy law is pure, the fault is in thy own heart; and certainly the Lord he will remember, as there he speaketh, Jerem. 2.2. I remember the love of thine espousals, when thou didst follow me in a land of barrenness, in a land where there was no water. Thy life shall be precious to the Lord, that shalt follow the Lord in all afflictions; yet thy heart doth cleave to the Lord, and follow the Lord in all his Ordinances; therefore this is that I would say, there are many wants now in the country; But yet notwithstanding, let the people of God get near to Christ; speak often one to another, and find out ways and means to pay your debts, and lie down at the feet of the Lord Jesus, and be content if the Lord will have it so, to be nothing, be content thus; and though thou dost not find any benefit from the Ordinance of the Lord as yet, yet notwithstanding loathe thy own heart, but love them; yet seek after the Lord, and look to the Lord in them▪ And this is certain, the Lord hath blessings for his people; not only in this life, but as he there speaketh to his Disciples, when they say to him, Lord, what shall we have? saith the Lord to them; You that have followed me, you shall sit on thrones. But take heed of this, if once ye come to slight Ordinances, and cast off Ordinances, because of these straits and wants, and so forth: And what are your Ordinances, & c? and a generation of men risen up (I think Christians should send forth their groan to the Lord, that the terror of the Lord may fall upon them) they deny all the Ordinances of the Lord, and the Spirit must teach us only. 'Tis true, the Spirit must do it, but will ye therefore take away the means? and hence, the very Scripture is made an Alphabet for children, and so they do destroy the Ordinances of the Lord. Beloved, if it be from this principle, take heed of it; for if it be, ye will certainly find bondage.  
4. When men do not thus pull down the Ordinances, the throne of Christ; but drive the Lord Jesus away out of his Ordinances, (though they have his Ordinances with them) by their secret defilings, pollutions, spiritual pollutions of the glorious Ordinances of Christ; this the Lord frequently complaineth of in Jerem. and Ezek. The very great reason why the Lord did leave his Temple, where their fathers did praise the Lord; they had polluted and defiled it, that was the reason of it: They had driven the Lord away from his throne, and this doth pull down the princely power of the Lord in his Churches. I know, there be many sins and defilements; and the sons of men have hidden ways of polluting the Ordinances of the Lord, that a man shall sit under all the Ordinances of the Lord; and as it is said of Mount Gilboah, not any due fall upon him; never see good, when good comes; the Lord is not dear, that is the reason of it. Oh, thy secret defilements of the Ordinances of the Lord, have driven the Lord fare from you. There are many, I shall only name three principally, that there may be a little heed taken of them.  
First, When there is a secret contempt grown upon a man's spirit of the Ordinances of Christ, attended with a secret weariness of them: this doth now pollute the Ordinances of the Lord, and this doth drive the Lord from his Ordinances: Mal. 1.7. Ye have offered polluted bread; wherein have we done it, say they? this was the cause of it; Ye say, that the Table of the Lord is contemptible; the meaning is, you do despise my Table and Ordinances, and so now do despise me too, and so ye do vilify and contemn the Ordinances of the Lord: Therefore saith the Lord, in the conclusion of that Chapter, vers. 11. From the rising of the Sun, my name it shall be known. As if he should say, I am not bound to you, I can have a people, among whom my name shall be great; For, saith the Lord, I am a great King. If one should have asked men in those days what good is in your sacrifices? what great glory can ye see in them? the Saints can see a great deal of glory in mean outsides: Now when this is wanting, the name of the Lord is polluted, and so the Lord driven from his Ordinances. Heb. 12.15. Take heed, lest there be in any of you an evil root of bitterness springing up, and many thereby be defiled. When men do live in secret lusts, or open profaneness; a man that hath a profane heart, such a heart as doth contemn the portion of mercy the Lord doth offer to him; who like Esau, did sell his birthright for a mess of pottage.  
Secondly, Unbrokennesse of heart in the enjoyment of Ordinances, when men live not in a daily sense of the extreme need they stand in of mercy: Isa. 66.1, 2. Heaven is my throne, and the Earth is my footstool; Now observe what the Lord doth there speak, To him will I look that is poor in spirit and contrite; such a poor soul, saith the Lord, will I look to; and to these are opposed, such as have not such hearts, but do look only to the Ordinances of the Lord: Now▪ saith the Lord to such; He that offereth a lamb, is as if he cut off a dog's neck; and he that offereth incense, as he that blesseth an Idol. These were a people that did plead for the Temple of the Lord, and had the Ordinances of the Lord according to his command; but here was their wound, they were not broken under the Ordinances of the Lord: This you shall find, the Saints have many sins and wants under the Ordinances of the Lord: but little does the world know their groan before the Lord, and the Lord hath mercy for such souls as are sensible of their need they stand in of the Ordinances of the Lord.  
But now when men have found the Lord in an Ordinance, subduing some particular sin: there are other sins remaining in their hearts, and they stand unremovable in their hearts; and hence, are the strongest and dearest of all the rest: Now, I say, when men having these sins, and knowing these sins in their hearts and spirits; when as, because I cannot subdue these sins; and they have attended on the Lord in the use of means, and the Lord helps them not; and because, they hope to be saved at last for all these: Hence they come to a truce with their sin, and never go mourning to the Lord; nor say, the Lord hath begun to subdue some of these lusts: Now Lord, go on, but the soul is at truce with his sins. Beloved, if there be any pollution of the Ordinances of the Lord, here it is; that men come with unbroken hearts to the Ordinances of the Lord; that never feel your need of them, and wounds and sores that are in your hearts, that men do stand with those very sins, that they think they cannot subdue; and because, they cannot ease themselves of them, therefore they give way to them. When men keep these sins with unsensible hearts of them, ye do resist the holy Ghost, ye feel not your need of the Lord; therefore ye keep your sins, and your woes you shall have for them.  
Thirdly, Where there is a spirit of unbelief, that there is not a seeking to Christ Jesus, to wash away the pollutions of his heart and life, in his attending upon the Lord in his Ordinances. Tit. 1. 15. To the unbelieving nothing is pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled. Exod. 30.29. It is said, Every thing that touched the Altar, was clean; and hence, without this, all is unclean: When a poor soul shall come to the Lords Ordinances, and prepare himself before he come; and in all, it hath many weaknesses, yet it doth leave itself with Jesus Christ; every thing that doth touch this Altar, is sanctified, and is not polluted. But now when men shall enjoy Ordinances, and make no great matter of sins in Ordinances; especially if secret: such is the venomous nature of sin, it doth defile the earth a man doth tread on: Now when men shall have these sins, and know them, and yet never leave themselves with Christ, and lay themselves on this blessed Altar by faith; they do pollute the Ordinances of the Lord.  
Fourthly, When the soul doth not so openly, manifestly drive away the Lord; but when men shall come to the Ordinances, and never come to the Lord Jesus in them; now the Lord is cast off. A great Prince that comes to a man's house, though he be not driven out of doors; yet if not attended on, he accounts himself cast off. The Lord Jesus Christ is in his Ordinances, Ezek. 48.35. The Lord is there; the Saints, they come to God in them, and are carried to him by them: Therefore, 'tis said, Acts 10.33, 34. Now therefore, we are all present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God, and Psal. 84.7. Every one of them in Zion appeareth before God. Now the Saints and people of God, when they do thus come to the Lord, they find many difficulties to break through, a valley of Baca. Sometimes their heart is turned from the Lord, and sometimes God is turned from them: so that now, the Saints when they do come to the Lord in his Ordinances; They go through the valley of Baca, that they may see God in Zion. But now, when men do never break through difficulties; but give way to a sluggish heart; when it is thus with a people, it is certain the Lord is now cast off; and ye do as good now as live without Christ in the world. Amos 5.21. saith the Lord, I hate your new Moons, and Sabbaths; For these forty years ye never sacrificed to me, vers. 25. Did they not sacrifice those forty years to the Lord in the wilderness? It was the very thing they came out of Egypt for, that they might sacrifice to the Lord: Yet saith the Lord, ye did not sacrifice to me; truly here was the thing, they did sacrifice, but, to enjoy communion with a God, that they did not; the Lord he saw none of that, and this is the frame of many a man, ye never heard a Sermon; ye never broke through your difficulties to come to a God in Ordinances: therefore, in truth, though you had them, yet it is as if you never had them; because, ye never did enjoy the Lord in them.  
Therefore, this is that I would say: Oh, Brethren, let the Saints, let it be the care of all the faithful and people of God; the first thing that ye do, before ye come to hear a Sermon, or receive a Sacrament, or to any Christian communion, or other Ordinance of God: Before thou dost come, endeavour it at least co bring thy soul to a God, to Christ, above all Ordinances, and break through the difficulties; heart is dead, and mind is blind, and God is gone; but yet break through difficulties, and wrestle with the Lord in prayer, and then ye will find the blessing of the Lord. The great reason why we enjoy not that mighty presence of the Lord in his Ordinances, it is this; Men come to Ordinances, and would enjoy Ordinances, but they never broke through difficulties, to come to a God: When men shall come to Ordinances only, (and blessed be God we have the temple of the Lord;) truly this will do you no good in the world.  
The 5th Degree of casting off the supreme power of Christ in his Ordinances; many times when the soul cannot come to Christ, the Lord comes to it: Now than the supreme power of Christ is cast off, when the soul is unwilling or careless, to receive the stroke of the Eternal power of the life of Jesus into his heart; but contents himself with some beginnings, some sips and tastes, and doth not lie under the stroke of the eternal Spirit of the life of Christ.  
Look as it is with a company of Subjects, they are in some great Town, that stands it out against a Prince; If the Prince send to them, and they parley with him, and they are thankfuil for his gifts, and glad of his parley; but yet notwithstanding, they are unwilling to receive the Prince, with all his power to come into the Town; if they be unwilling to do that, and are loath to join sides against the other party, they cast him off from being King: So it is here, when men come to the Lord in Ordinances, the Lord he parleys with them, the Lord he sends promises, and they are marvellous precious things; and they have some taste of what the Lord does send, and it is sweet to them; But now, because they have lusts in their hearts; the Lord saith, make war against thy lust, and open the gates that I may come in: If so be, a man now out of secret love to his sin, he content himself with the promises of Christ; but the life of Christ, he cares not for that, he uses not all means that he may find that, the supreme power of the Lord Jesus is now casl off, and I know no difference between such a people and Capernaum; they did enjoy the Gospel of God, but now to entertain the Lord Jesus in his spiritual power, this they were loath to come to; therefore, saith the Lord, Woe to thee Capernaum; the mighty work of Jesus Christ in their hearts, this, they never cared for. Saith the Apostle, 2 Cor. 10.5. The weapons of our warfare, they are mighty through God. As poor things as you think the Ordinances of the Lord to be, they are mighty through the Lord: When Christians shall not be willing to receive this mighty power of the Lord Jesus Christ truly, now the Kingdom of Christ is cast off. John 6.49. Your fathers are Manna in the Wilderness, and are dead, that was outward Manna; but he that eateth me, shall live for ever.  
In one word thus; this is certain, a man never gets good by any Ordinance, nor the Lord Jesus doth never attainc his end in any Ordinance, till there bean everlasting power and life of Christ Jesus communicated by the Ordinance. There, saith he, God commandeth his blessing, 
Psal. 133. ult.  life for evermore; mercy, for ever comforting; and light, for ever teaching; and humbling, for ever continuing: and a man will never think he doth receive any good till he doth it: For If a man be healed of his blindness, and be blind presently again; what is be the better? So, if a man hath some flash of light in the Ordinance, bless the Lord for it. The Lord quickens up the heart to walk with the Lord, Blessed be the Lord for it: Ay, but when the heart now shall lose that life, and strength which it had, (not but that a Christian does lose to his feeling, but it will return again.) When he is a hearing, some affection, but he goes away dead as he came: no, but when the Lord comes by his everlasting power and mercy, and life in any Ordinance; now Christ comes in his power, and now ye receive the King in his power, and Christ attains his end in the Ordinance. This is all that I would say, I do beseech you brethren, in the Lord Jesus Christ: Oh seek for this blessed life, everlasting life Lord, everlasting power Lord; beg for that, and seek for that, and pray for that, and weep for that; do not content thyself with sippings and tastings, look for everlasting life and power to come with the Ordinance; though means be weak in themselves, do not therefore vilify them: Look upon the brazen serpent, what a poor thing was that to heal the people that were stung? yet the institution of Christ did put virtue into it: So do thou attend on the Ordinances, and never be content, till thou dost find the Lord, and feel the Lord, and say as some have said; though I feel not the Lord now as I have done, yet I think I shall for ever bless the Lord. Never be content till ye find the Lord bringing your heart to this pass, and then the King of glory, the Prince of peace is come; though ye find not the fame power at all times, yet if ye find that power which does inure your heart for ever to bless the Lord, here is everlasting power. Jesus is now come to thy soul; Ay, but when ye content yourselves with some movings and beginnings; and sin and Satan as strong again as ever, and ye find not your sin wasting and consuming; in truth the Lord Jesus is cast off, and ye have not the end for which ye come to the Ordinances of the Lord. But then, ye are blessed for ever when ye find this.  
2. There is a derivative power of Christ to the Church, jointly considered together. Matth. 18.17. Go and tell the Church, is the highest tribunal Christ hath on earth in the Kingdom of Saints. 'Tis Christ's high Court of Parliament, beyond which there is no appeal to any higher power than the Church; and it cannot be meant of the Officers of the Church (which is the fairest interpretation). For the case may be that there is but one Officer, and is he the Church? as also that he may sin, and not hear of his sin, and must they leave him to himself, at least to judge of his sin? The power of Keys was given to Peter, quà fidelis, and the power to bind and lose to two or three gathered together in Christ's name, Mat. 18. but these things are known.  
For the clearing up of this, know that there is a threefold derivative power, which the Lord bathe given to the Church jointly, and not to Elders only: Which may be miserably abused, and so provoke the Lord to take it away from their hands till they know better how to use it; yet when 'tis used according to Christ, now not to be under the power of it, which is Christ's power delegated to it, is to cast off Christ's Government. And I am confident, the bondage of all the Churches in Christendom; if ye examine the Churches, is continued, because the Lord sees hearts unwilling to submit to him in the government of Churches; and will continue it till Churches know how to use it, and men lie down to the power of it.  
1. They have a power given them from Christ, of opening and shutting the doors of the Church, the Kingdom of God on earth: i. e. of letting in, and keeping out any according to Christ; into, or out of their communion: and this I conceive to be one part of the power of the Keys, committed to the Church: The chief office of which, is to open and shut; to receive in, and keep out according to Christ; and hence the three thousand were added to the Church, though the Apostles were guides therein: and Acts 9.26. Paul would have joined himself, but they would not accept of him; because, they were afraid of him. No body natural or politic, but they have power to receive to them the useful, and keep from them the hurtful; so, much more Christ's spiritual body. And hence, the Church of Ephesus is commended, Revel. 2.2. together with their Angel, for trying those that seemed good, and were not.  
Now 'tis true, this power may be miserably abused in opening doors too wide, or locking them up too long, or too fast; and in many sad disorders this way, yet there is this power. Now when men shall refuse Church-tryal, and so communion with the Church; and that not from sense of their unfitness and unworthiness, or some other reason, which is in the sight of God of great weight; but from a careless contempt of God's Ordinances, or God's people; a man says, What care I for the one? and what are the other? and from a resolution never to grow better; they know they are not like to be accepted of them, and they are resolved they will grow no better; they think themselves as good as they, and from a secret unwillingness to come to the light, they know things are amiss, and will not be known of it; they appear better than they are, and hence they are loath to be seen and judged as they are: Certainly, this is to cast off Christ's power; and if continued in, the salvation of your souls is also cast off: Acts 2. ult. The Lord added to the Church daily, such at should be saved. To the Church, i. e. not the universal Church, but visible Church, where it may be had; such as should be saved. Isa. 60.14, 15. For the Nation and Kingdom that will not serve thee, shall perish; yea, those Nations shall utterly perish: Lamentable is the condition of many; not so much for not joining themselves to the Church, as not seeking of the Lord for that mercy; that they may be first joined to the Lord, and so to his people for the Lords sake.  
There are great heaps of people amongst the Churches here that do stand guilty of this, the Lord humble us for it; that content themselves to stand Aliens. from the Commonwealth of Israel, Eph. 2.12. Strangers from the Covenant of Promise; having no hope, and without God in the world. The Lord is slow to wrath; but there is a threefold bondage. 1. Of sin and Satan. Rev. 22.14, 15. Let him that is filthy, be filthy still; Nay, though there be some beginnings, yet apt to fall back; because, not planted in the courts of the Lord: And hence, Col. 2.5. Joying, and beholding your order, and the steadfastness of your faith in Christ, order and steadfastness are joined together. 2. Of misery, Zach. 14.17. And it shall be, that whosoever will not come up of all the families of the Earth unto Jerusalem, to worship the King, the Lord of Hosts; even upon them shall be no rain. 3. Sadness, hence, Isa. 56.7. Even them I will bring to my holy Mountains, and make them joyful in my House of Prayer. To be joyful in the house of Prayer, is promised to such as join themselves to God's Covenant.  
2. They have a power given them of binding and losing; By admonition of any one, that being received in, shall sin against their communion, and the Lord in it; thereby to defile the whole body, and to provoke the wrath of the Lord against the same; and this is mentioned, Matth. 18. and by the Apostle, 1 Cor. 5.1, 4. and this is given to them, to use against whatever sinner or offender it be; be he great or small, Prince or Peer; if he be a brother, he is to lie down here: An admonition is an arrest and message from God, from Christ Jesus the King of Kings; Eglon must come down from his throne, when this is brought.  
Now I grant again, this power may be abused miserably; as to admonish without conviction, or without compassion and love, but in heat & passion, etc. Yet this is the part of Christ's binding power in his Church; which when 'tis done, 'tis bound in heaven.  
Now when men come to that pass, that they do not only sin (for that the Lord pardons) but are grown to that height, that they cast off all reproofs, and Christ-like admonitions for sin: steeped it may be in many tears and prayers before they came, and sweetened with the Spirit of mercy and terror of Christ Jesus in the mouths of his servants, this brings under bondage. 'Tis not sin so much, for this will be; but when they cannot abide reproofs, they are iron morsels, cannot be digested; and hence, sometime hid it, and twenty shifts, and half as many lies; or if it be found out, defend it; and fall a fencing and thrusting, and try it out to the last, or extenuate it twenty ways, that a beam is a mote; and which is worse, their hearts rise and swell, and they bear a privy grudge against them, as if they were their enemies, because they tell them the truth; when they should say; Let the righteous smite me. Exod. 2.14. Who made thee a Prince and Judge over us? When Moses, the Israelites deliverer was raised up, he thereupon departs, and they lie under heavy bondage, when they cast off his reproof. It's true, a Saint may not for a time submit; but yet it argues a height of spirit for the present, unfit for communion with God, and the Lord will bring them off, and humble them for their pride. 2 Sam. 23.6, 7. But the sons of Belial shall be all of them as thorns thrust away; because they cannot be taken with hands.  
A child of God may have many weaknesses, a hypocrite many excellencies; but the trial of them is, when they come to be arrested with a sad reproof, how they yield there, and that as unto God; especially when confession shall either discredit their person, or make others question their grace. Snakes will not hisse nor sting, till touched; a sheep will be led to the slaughter, and turn the cheek to him that smites: So should one poor brother do to another, when he comes to him in the name of the Lord; but not many that will so do, but resist and oppose against all reason.  
3. They have a power of Communication of good one to another, in way of edification, according to their places in this their communion: So that now, 'tis not only left in the hands of the Officers, but of the whole Church, and each Member in the Church; according to his place and ability, to edify the whole, Eph. 4.16. From whom the whole body fitly joined and compacted together, by that which every joint supplieth, according to the essectuall working in the measure of every part, making increase of the body, unto the edifying self in love.  
Members are not to stand like beautiful pictures in Church-windowes, and as costly images in Churches; that have eyes, and see not, ears, and hear not; but they are to be living stones in God's building; not only to build up themselves, but one another also; that so a man may not only get no hurt from communion of Churches, but he may get good indeed from the same. And if I mistake not, here is the wound of Churches: When Members seek not, and endeavour not the good one of another; and so have Ordinances and means of doing one another good, but exercise them not; or if they do, receive not the good they might hereby; but may say, and shall say at last as he, Prov. 5.14. I was almost in all evil in the midst of the Congregation: Sin prevailing, and sorrows by little and little, like water in a leaking ship, sinking the poor bark.  
Quest. What are those means that are left to the Saints themselves, Quest. even private Members to exercise in Christian communion for men and women; and so you may see when these are neglected, or not improved, the power of Christ in his Church is cast off so far forth?  
Answ. 1. The first is, Answ. a Spirit of dear Christ-like love one to another, every one to all, and all to that one again; being ready to express itself, in procuring the good of others as well as its own: This doth sweeten communion very much, and edifies, quickens, and encourageth a Christian in his whole course marvellously. Eph. 4.16. Making increase of the body, unto the edifying itself in love. Love edifieth, 1 Cor. 8.1. Knowledge puffeth up, but Charity edifieth. It's the joy of the Saints, and that which makes the Saints to bless God in heaven; where, take any one singly, all jointly besides honour it, tender it, and seek the good of it; and that one blesseth God, and seeks their good more than its own again; and this is prophesied, Zeph. 3.9. That they may call upon the name of the Lord, to serve him with one consent, to serve the Lord with one shoulder; to help one. another spiritually and outwardly, where there be many griefs and burdens which depress the spirits, and make it unserviceable, is removed: As, what is there that doth alienate the hearts of men more from God and his Church, but want of love? Now when men's love grows cold, that a godly man is not esteemed whiles he lives, nor his death lamented so much as the loss of a swine. When people grow strange one to another, and take distastes and prejudices; when they can sit by the fireside, and censure, and whisper; and make offences, and take offences; and minds divide, and hearts divide; that if you ask what such a one is good for? the answer is; he is good for himself, and good to breed brawls, and divide a Church; A Kingdom divided against itself, cannot stand; and therefore hereby you cast off this Kingdom. Oh, Christians should pray for this, and mourn for want of this; and study peace, and follow it: It should be death to differ, or side, or make a party, one against another.  
2. Earnest prayer for the Church, and all in it besides thyself; and that with striving with God, till an answer it given: Sretcht out prayers, as they made for Peter. 
Acts. 12.5.  James 5.16. Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that you may be healed. And so Judas 20. But ye beloved, building up yourselves in your most holy faith, praying in the holy Ghost. This is a means to edify one another, when there is enlargedness of heart to pray one for another; Psal. 122.8. For my brethren's sake, I'll wish thy peace. Sometimes a Christian can do others little good, yet he will wrestle for him in his prayers to God: One knows not the good comes hereby; if withal a man keeps a good Conscience, making conscience of his ways. And 'tis one of the greatest privileges that a man hath, when once he hath a share in all the prayers of the Saints as his own; and it answers that Quere, What is a Christian the better for the liberties of the Church? Matth. 18.19. Again, I say unto you; that if two of you shall agree, on earth, as touching any thing, they shall ask, it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven. vers. 20. For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there I am in the mida'st of them.  
Now when people are false herein to their brethren, and to their Covenant; to their God, and to their own souls; (for there is no one prayer thou makest that shall be lost; but if it attain not a blessing for others, it shall return again into thy bosom). When there shall be no heart to spend prayer, or shed tears for them, whom Christ hath shed his blood for; now, you cast off the Kingdom of Christ.  
Oh Brethren, consider of it, when there shall be many a soul in a Church taken by Satan's temptations, and held in temptations, and ready to be overcome by temptations; and it may be, would not be so, but because thou dost not pray; public Ordinances, the ministry of the word, little good done thereby; because, thou hast no heart to pray. Acts 4.31. And when they had prayed, the place was shaken where they were met together; and they were all filled with the holy Ghost. This is the reason, the hearts of thy children, servanrs, and fellow-brethrens remain secure and unshaken by all the Sermons they hear; nothing doth them good, nothing will pierce or penetrate their adamant-like, hearts; because, thou hast no heart to pray for them, or at least, not to purpose.  
3. Timely Exhortation; when brethren are dead-hearted, and heartless in their Christian course. Heb. 3.12, 13. Take heed brethren, lest there be in any of you an evil heart of unbelief in departing from the living God; but exhort one another whiles it is called to day, lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin. Brotherly exhortation is a remedy against Apostasy of heart; for though a man cannot convince another, yet he may exhort him; and 'tis to be done in season, whiles it's called today, with due respect, and taking notice of what good there is; with much wisdom, and a spirit of humility, or else thou spoilest all thou meddlest withal; putting yourselves in their estate, and with hearty unfeigned prayer, that the Lord would accompany the same with his blessing. Heb. 10.24. Consider one another, to provoke unto love and good works. Look over the Congregation, and consider such a Brothers or Sister's estate; one is poor and low, another falling, another very much altered: Now in some cases, a private Brother may do more than a Minister; the Lord help us, and stir us up to this work: Now when this is neglected, many souls are hardened.  
4. Instructing and teaching one another, as occasion serves. Rom. 15.14. And I myself also am persuaded of you my brethren, that you also are full of goodness; filled with all knowledge, able to admonish one another. They were able for to instruct and teach one another. Isa. 54.13. They shall be all taught of God. What God teacheth thee, that do thou teach others; what thou gainest by hearing, or by praying, or meditation; by putting questions to others, sometimes to teach, and sometimes to be taught; and this do, if possible, in all occasional meetings, and worldly discourses; mix with it some sweet truth that God hath taught thee. But now on the other side; when Christians shall meet, and a man is the worse for their fruitless discourse, no savour of any thing of God; Let them meet never so long or often, walking or sitting, this is sad.  
5. In Comforting those that be sad; 1 Thes. 5.14. and 4. ult. Comfort the feeble-minded, and supprt the weak; wherefore, comfort one another with these words. There are many sad hearts in God's Church, and sad things are as wounds to a man's limbs, that make him halt or fall. Oh Brethren, be much in this work, 2 Cor. 1.4. Who comforteth us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort them which are in any trouble, by the comfort wherewith we our selves are comforted of God; That a soul may say, such a one came to me, and spoke some few words to me; but they were as seasonable, as though the Lord had sent an Angel from heaven to speak to me, and of more worth, then if he had given me many pounds: But now, when this also is neglected, that one Christians hath not a word of encouragement to another, but dry and savourless discourse; this the Lord takes very ill at the hands of his people, that have received comfort from himself in the day of their sorrow and distress.  
6. Restoring a Brother fallen with a spirit of meekness. Gal. 6.1, 2. Brethren, if any be overtaken with a fault, ye which are spiritual, restore such a one with, a spirit of meekness. Oh, how will a poor soul bless the Lord for such a Brother's prayers, admonitions, and exhortations, when the Lord shall have brought his heart back again to himself; although before he did most of all disesteem and vilify him.  
Now, when these are not used, or not with a spirit of meekness improved, that a man never blesseth God for these; the Lord Jesus is pulled down from his throne, when not done according to the ability, time and place that the Lord affords. And this I wish, the Churches mourn not for another day: For my own part, I do adjudge myself before God and men; as most guilty of this, that I enjoy many sweet Ordinances, and we improve them not; and hence, the glory of the Lord fills not his Tabernanacle, abides not on his Churches, either to draw others to them, or to make others abundantly bless God for them.  
Now here I will show you the causes of this.  
1. Not gaining much in private dutties, in Prayer, Meditation, Reading, and daily Examination of a man's own heart: And hence they cannot do good, because they receive none, or very little themselves; they have not a treasure within, hence they can spend little, have no heart or ability to exhort, instruct, comfort: He that keeps not his shop, his shop will never keep him. As Psal. 41.6. His heart gathereth iniquity to itself, when he goeth abroad, he telleth it.  
2. A low spirit, which makes a man to have low thoughts, and endeavours, I mean not an humble, but a narrow spirit, not enlarged to hold much, or to do much, hence it doth little. As take a plain countryman, he neither seeks or regards the affairs of the State in public, because his spirit and condition is low; but Princes do mind and attend to the affairs of the Kingdom, to advance it; because their condition is high, and they know it. Moses, he suffered reproach with the people of God, loss of all the honour and pleasure of Pharaohs Court; feared not Pharaoh, nor loss of life for their sakes: For, he saw that God which is invisible; like Saul, when once a Kingdom comes to be in his eye, he leaves off to seek the Asses.  
3. Sloth. There are Thorns, Prov. 15.19. and Lions, Prov. 26.13. in a sluggards way: There be many difficulties, businesses, occasion, and objections; when as if once he were resolved to break through them, than the work would go on: Like a man, when he is in his warm bed, he is loath to rise; but when he is up, he would not be in his bed again, if he might be hired again to put off his clothes: I shall get no good, saith one, nor do none, saith another; and when these businesses are past, and occasions over; and at another time, I will seek God, and go about God's work; and thus a slothful spirit hinders.  
4. Want of Faith. 2 Cor. 4.13. We believe, and hence we speak. Faith empties us most, and hence fills us with Spirit and Life of Christ Jesus; hence Steven, full of faith, and the holy Ghost. A lively Christian, when he comes in another Christians company, it may be he knows not what to speak; but he looks up to Christ, and says; Now Lord, here is an opportunity in doing or receiving some good; and therefore now Lord, help.  
5. Want of fear of God, and consolation of the spirit of God, from the sense of God's love. Acts 9.31. They walked in the fear of the Lord, and consolations of the holy Ghost; the Church was edified by the consolations of the holy Ghost. A man that's wounded, keeps within, and stirs not; but when he is in health and strength, now hard work is his meat, he cannot live except he work. 1 Cor. 15. ult.  
6. Not considering the shortness of our time of sowing. Heb. 10.25. Whereas, if men were on their deathbed, they would wish, Oh, that I had walked more blamelessly, and fruitfully; men care not for a comfortable reckoning as yet.  
There are two causes why they receive no good.  
1. From a mean esteem of the Saints; looking on them as men, and not as an Ordinance of Christ; their persons, prayers, and speeches. And this is a rule; Men never gain any good by that Ordinance which they despise● if all were Scholars, Ministers, or Saints glorified, they could then esteem them. Hence, Eph 4.16. Edifying is by love; Making increase of the body, edifying itself in love.  
2. From want of being poor in spirit, and sensible of their extreme need of Christ continually in all means: Beggars will pick up crumbs, and watch for a word of encouragement. Isa. 11.6. A little child shall lead the Wolf and the Lion; that is, when the Lord hath humbled the heart of a man. Oh, when a Christian thinks none so poor and shallow, and heartless as I, and every one is better than I, however I need more than any: This soul will be glad to suck the breast; and the Lord will fill others with light and life, and his own bowels, to do such a one good. Whereas, else they are shut up, and they find no good conveyed to them by any of the Ordinances of the Lord, nor any presence of God in them.  
3. There is a Ministerial power, committed from Christ by the Church to the ruling Officers thereof. I say, by the Church; for all power in the Church, is properly Christ's, yet he nextly communicates it ordinarily to his Church, or multitude of Believers, to whom is committed the supreme power of the Keys in his word, and of binding and losing, as hath been shown; and by this Church, this power hath been by Christ's appointment, and still is, to be communicated to those that are chosen out of themselves, to be Officers and Rulers over them in the Lord, to exercise the power of Christ over them according to his will. Hence the very power of binding and losing, opening and shutting, given to the Church, is also given to Peter and the rest of the Apostles, and the successors of Christ's Apostles in Doctrine, sent of Christ, John 20.23. Whosoevers sins ye remit, they are remitted, etc. Because, though the power of Communication of it is in the Church's hand, yet the power of usual administration of it is in their hand, whiles they exercise it according to Christ, yet by the Church. And hence Paul puts a difference between this extraordinary Ministry, as Apostleship, and ordinary. Gal. 1.1. An Apostle not of men, nor by the will of men, but by Christ, for the Church, not by it: Now this I say, is by the Church from Christ. Hence, Acts 20.28. The holy Ghost hath made them overseers; so that 'tis no invention of man, or act of man, or the power of man; but of Christ, and hence refuse to be under this power; men cast off the yoke and power of Christ Jesus.  
For though the estate of the Church be Democratical and Popular; and hence no public administrations or Ordinances are to be administrated publicly, without notice and consent of the Church; Yet the government of it under Christ, the Mediator and Monarch of his Church; 'tis Aristocratical, and by some chief, gifted by Christ, chosen by the people to rule them in the name of Christ, who are unable, and unfit to be all Rulers themselves; and to cast off these, or not to be ruled by these; is to cast off Christ. Luke 10.16. He that rejecteth you, rejecteth me. Numb. 16.3. You are gathered together against the Lord; The Lord accounts himself opposed and resisted, when the Officers of his Church are slighted, and their government despised.  
Quest. What is this power?  
Answ. 1. Negatively: Quest. Answ. 1 1. It is not any Lordly pompous power, to bear the bell of great smoky titles, to govern in worldly pomp; or by worldly rewards; and civil punishments. 2 Cor. 10.4. The weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but mighty through God, to the pulling down of strong holds. It shall not be so with you, saith Christ; but as I have been without all worldly state, so must you be one to another. And hence, 1 Peter 5.4. Not being lords over God's heritage: Christ never gave his Minister's power of opening and shutting the doors of Newgate, and Bonner's Coal-house if they would not subscribe; or to confute men's opinions with their own laws, and bind consciences with chains of Iron, or to promote his servants by spiritual live. Christ himself refused tobe a judge in civil causes; hence some of our Divines, when they would grant that Peter was Christ's successor, and the Bishop of Rome Peter and Christ's Vicar; yet as Christ being on earth, exercised no civil power, so much less may these.  
2. 'Tis not any Antichristian illimited power; viz. to have power over many Churches (for that is the main spiritual Antichristian external power) and the Ministers thereof; for we read in Scripture of many Elders and Bishops in the same Church, Acts 20.28. but never of any one ordinary Minister, or Officer over many Churches; either to govern, or to baptise, as the Anabaptists would among them, as many godly plead for now in the misty confusion of England. And look as we cry out of one Minister nonresident, that shall have six or ten livings, though he give never so good a stipend; not only because of his pride and covetousness, but because of his unconscionableness, etc. So here much more of one man Overseer over many Congregations, it may be a hundred at least.  
3. 'Tis not any Magisterial power, Diotrephes-like; either to do what they will, Mat. 23.8. and their wills to be their law. No, Matth. 28.20. Teach all that I command you. If they do sin, their persons are under the censure of the Church, in case of manifest offence and scandal by the mouths of two or three witnesses, who being Members of the whole Church, & under it, & being sinful Members; may, if the case need it, be proceeded against by the whole. Neither have they any power to act any public Ordinance which concerns the whole Church; and where 'tis bound by Christ to judge, without the privity and consent of the Church, as to elect Officers, admit Members, cast out offenders in the Vestry without the knowledge of the Church, one of the blains of the reformed Churches, which the Apostles with their extraordinary power never did themselves, much less should these. 1 Cor. 5.  
4. They have no immediate power of rule immediately given by Christ, over any one particular Church, but mediate by that Church where they are; their gifts of teaching and ruling are immediately from Christ; but their actual power to exercise it over this or that particular Congregation, is by that Church only. Hence Deacons that were only to take care for the outward estate of the Church, Act. 6.3, 4. they were ordained by lifting up their hands. This is Apostolical power, and an intrusion, and cuts asunder the force of the argument of Mr. Ball his book of power for Presbytery, etc.  
2. What is their power affirmatively?  
Answ. 1. They have a power given them of ruling and governing from Christ by the people; hence they are called Rulers, and such as rule, and are over God's Church; hence they have a strict charge and command from the Lord to do it. Hence Paul at Ephesus, when he was with them three years, yet had Rulers there; and vers. 28. Feed Gods flock bought by blood; over which. not men, but the holy Ghost hath made you Overseers; Christ's Church being like sheep, apt to stray and perish, unless these watch against wolves, and these the Apostle at his last parting left; hence also, they are to give an account of it at the last day. Heb. 13. Hence those cast off the Lord's government over them, who will have no Rulers or Governors in Churches, who shall either speak it or think it, but leave all to themselves and their liberty; to teach, baptise, to order things in Church, and so by this means they are not only single Members or Officers; but Pastor, and Teacher, and Elder and all. This generation of men, sons of Korah, are risen up in these latter times; especially amongst Anabaptists, Familists, and rigid Separatists, and who are privily crept into New-England-Churches; Whose condemnation sleeps not, Satan carrying them to extremes, and pride lifting them up above themselves, above Men, above Officers, above Ordinances, and above God. That look as Commonwealths are under greatest bondage, where there is an Anarchy, where every one must be a slave, because every one must be a Master; So in the Churches, no greater bondage can come then this, the foundation of all confusion, and the scandal of the ways of God which through mercy his people here enjoy.  
2. This power is more than any one private Member hath in the Church, who is not an Officer; It would be a most simple ridiculous thing, if there should be Election, Ordination, many Prayers, much trial of men, for to rule, and guide, and govern, separation from the rest, and yet not to have any more power than any one private Member. Hence the Apostle says, Submit to them that are over you. 1 Thes. 5.12 and Heb. 13.17. Obey them that guide you, or rule over you. Hence those that do acknowledge Governors in the Church for names sake, but they are such as have no more power than a private Brother; they do but allow the name, but deny the thing: Hence say they, they are to watch; so are private Members: they are to admonish; so is every private Member: they are to rule; die word signifies to guide and go before another.  
Answ. 1. The word to rule, Answ. 1 1 Thes. 5.12. is the same word with 1 Tim. 3.4, 5. He that rules his own house, which is a little more than they that are besides him in the family; though this be not such a paternal power, yet it is somewhat more than that of private Members. And that Heb. 13.17. is a word which is the same with that in Matth. 2.6. Governor, particularly spoken of Christ's government, to feed otherwise then private Members.  
Answ. 2. 'Tis true, Answ. 2 they are to watch and admonish in way of Christian duty; but others in way of Christ's authority, as being his Ambassadors, and sent of him; as in a family, one servant should watch over another; but the chief Steward, he is to do it with authority in the absence of his Lord. And hence doth it with more majesty and power, and it takes, or should take deeper impression; so it is in Elders of a Church.  
Hence also, when men shall cry for liberty to speak, an Elder forbids it; What, may not the Church have liberty? true, but you are not a Church. An Elder reproves, & they will reprove again; What, shall not the Church have liberty? An Elder gives reasons strong, and unanswerable for some thing to be done; a young fellow shall step up, and say, without ground, or show of it, that's your light, and mine is otherwise: What, may not the Church have liberty? Yes, but you are not the Church; this is very sad, and hath been a root of greatest scandal that ever Gods ways had. If Elders sin openly, 'tis another case, and somewhat also is there to be done; Submit yourselves one to another, much more to an Elder, etc.  
3. In the execution of their office according to Christ, they are over the whole Church. Their persons indeed are under them, in case they sin, and sin in the execution of their office, they are to be subject; not only to the whole, but to the least Member of the Church: Suppose the sin be not only suspected, or reported, or apprehended by one, but two or three witnesses at least, as 1 Tim. 5.19. but whiles they execute it according to Christ, they are therein above the Church, and 'tis bound to be subject therein; and not to be subject, is to refuse to be under Christ's government. Hence, Heb. 13. Obey them that rule you; he speaks to the whole Church, which was not in evil, but in good things according to God; and yet in evil things, look on them as those over them. Exempli gratiâ, A Minister in the execution of his office, let him preach Christ's eternal truth, deliver it and prove it; What ever humane weaknesses there be in him, what ever darkness there is in others, yet he is therein above Churches, Kings or Angels; and they shall answer it at the great day, that do not submit. In regard of my person said Luther, I'll fall down before any; but in regard of the truth I administer, I look on the Kings of the earth as nits, nay dust, etc. ad Regem Angl.  
So in the power of the Keys in opening and shutting out Members; they have tried and proved such a one; if they sin, as they may, then give them reasons; but if not, they are bound to submit. And that not as unto other Christians, but as unto an Ordinance, stamped with an authority of God upon them; indeed they are not to do any such thing without the presence, consent, and judiciary power of the Church; and the Church may not submit to what Elders propose to be Christ's mind; but then they cast off the Lord's power, which they are to answer for another day. 1 Cor. 12 28. they are called Governors. Now as a Ruler of a Ship is to order it, though a King be in it, over him in that respect, and the King is to be guided by him whiles he guides it right; but if not, the King hath power over him, to command others to take the place, or cast him overboard.  
'Tis true, they are but servants to the Church, because they are by the Church, for the Church, and to help the Church, 2 Cor. 1.24. and are subject to them if they sinne; but yet they are servants unto Christ, and in exercising his power according to him, above the Church. 2 Cor. 4.5. We preach Christ, and ourselves your servants for Christ; yet therein above them. Hence being their servants; if they sin, they are under the censure of the Church, and the Church may cast them by. So being Christ's servants; if not submitted to, the Lord doth account himself cast off.  
1. Because their power thus rightly executed, is the power of Christ Jesus: Hence refuse it, you refuse to be subject to him; If men will not be ruled by God's Ordinances, but will rule Ordinances, they go about to rule Christ.  
2. Because, if there shall be no subjection here, 'tis professed licentiousness, and not liberty in Churches; You have liberty, but what liberty? to be subject to Christ's power is pure liberty, and that in his servants. Now when men will not, and shall refuse without showing reason, or convicting Elders of sin; this is to cast off the Government of Christ.  
3. Elders are helpers of people, and there is no people but will stand in need of such helps, if humble, and able to discern, to attend the public good, to teach and convince, etc. Hence, when there is no sin appearing in the execution of their office, they should with a holy fear submit; and say, If ye be faithful watchmen, what am I that I should be unsatisfied? my ignorance may misled others, etc.  
4. They have power to oversee, when they see cause, Acts 20.28. and to see into, and inquire into the estate of the flock of God, to know their spiritual condition, so far as is fit to be known, that so they may be comforted in the work of Christ; though there be no sin break out, nor they come to them. 1 Thes. 3.5, 6. The Apostle enquired into their faith, charity, and prayer; vers. 7. and hence was comforted, etc. And this Paul doth not as an extraordinary man, but leaves his example as a precedent to the Elders of Ephesus; to go from house to house, and inquire, to teach and exhort. Acts 20. for Elders are to prevent scandals as well as to remove them, lest when they come they say, Oh that I had known this before, especially where they see need. Now hence it is that men cast off the government of Christ, when they will not have their spiritual condition searched into, the Elders foot is now too great for his shoe, I am to give an account to God; so are they also of thee, now thou canst not give it if thou enquirest not how thy condition stands, neither can they with comfort unless thou tellest them how it stands with thee. 'Tis true there are many secret things they can never find out, yet they are to attend their duty.  
The Minister's charge is to cast the seed, the Elders duty is to inquire after the fruit in the husbandry of Christ; it is a sad condition when a man hath such a wound that he will not go to the Lord for help, because he loves it; and will not have man to know it because he is ashamed of it; But you shall know it at the last day that the. Lord would have healed you, and you would not, but can quarrel and snap at the Elders when they come to inquire of your condition; and why do ye inquire? you take too much on you.  
5. They have power to guide and counsel and warn the Church, at least in all weighty affairs which may concern them and their common good: hence they are called guides and leaders to the people, Heb. 13.17. Mal. 2.7. I do not mean in all personal things. Acts 20.31. I warned you of wolves, etc. Hence  
1. For members in matters of great and weighty affairs which concern the good of the whole Church, nay all Churches, never to inquire at Abel is casting off the Lord, as in election of Offices in Church, and Magistrates in the Commonwealth, etc.  
2. Hence to receive any opinion different from all the Elders in the Church, and never so much as speak, much less come to a sad debate about it, is to cast off this yoke, and contrary to covenant, and Elders would never have undertook the care of the Church without it; and it sads their hearts that they do their work feebly.  
3. Hence to propose a doubtful question to the Church, which may trouble, or bring an offender's sin to the Church without council of the Elders, who may encourage them if of God, and ripen it for the Church, or discourage it if not of God. Christ when he writes to the Churches, he superscribes his epistles to the Angels, & if one man may propose a doubtful opinion, another may, and a third, and one may side with another, and so much confusion will follow.  
4. Hence when men shall not take warning of evils to come upon evident grounds, it's casting off the Lord's yoke; & when they come on thee, thou mayest say it is because I have refused to hearken to my watchers, they warned me of this, and it may be you will find else such evils which the scripture notes, according to the word of the Lord by his servant Elisha, so will the Lord make good the words and threaten of his faithful servanrs.  
5 They have power of public reproof of any member of the Church, in case of plain, open and public offences; others without leave cannot, nor ought not, although others may tell them. Reproofs are part of the power peculiar to the governor's in any society, where governor's are present especially, and at hand; as now in a family, no wise man will suffer brawls amongst his children or servants, but says he, tell me. 1 Tim. 5.20. Now this is sad when a man cannot forbear reproof of others, nor hear reproofs of Elders, but turns again, and will be judge in his own cause though never so gross, a sign of an extreme froward high spirit, Hosea. 4.4. which makes the Lord to take away Elders as soon as any sin is committed, and stop their mouths. Exod. 2. Who made thee a judge, etc. And when afflictions come, and you then inquire, what is the cause of it? you may be sure this is one, even by the confession of the blindest deboist ones. Prov. 5.12. How have I hated Instruction, and not obeyed the voice of my teachers?  
6. They are to feed with power as the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth, every one in their places, publicly instructing, exhorting, comforting, and privately also; which though private men may do, yet here is the stamp of authority also, and so the more power the more blessing usually, if God be acknowledged therein. Acts 20.28. Hence  
1. When men despise their food; they are poor things they speak, and they can see no matter in them; and that after study, prayers and tears, etc. and so cast it by; this is to cast off the Lord.  
2. When men grow glutted and full, Mal. 1. ult. although they eat not a bit, and hence thrive not, but a spirit of slumber and a deep sleep grows on them, that they cannot be awakened by all the ordinances of God. These things call for chains. Amos 8.12. When will these Sabbaths be ended? for which the Lord threatens a famine, and then you shall know the worth of them in the want of them.  
These things I speak. 1. Because I see the Apostle in many of his epistles lays this charge on the people. Heb. 13.7, 17. 'tis twice repeated. 1. Lest Officers be sadded in their work that's heavy. 2. Lest it be unprofitable for you; you think to get this and that good by it, but it will be nothing in the conclusion.  
2 Because we lie under slander of many, and that godly, as if Elders in Churches were but only cyphers.  
3. Because people begin to run to extremes, Elders taking all to themselves, and people taking all for themselves.  
4 Because if here be not attendance you will quickly see the miserable ruin and fall of Churches, more sad than the burning of Solomon's temple. 'Tis observed of Jeroboam, when he was sacrificing he had no leprosy, but when he stretched out his hand against the Prophet it was withered; for the Lord will not bear here, they may be despised, and you may think yourselves Kings without them, 1 Cor. 4.8. and they will say so, they may rule as they will, but you will do as you lift. But the Lord will be provoked for this, all Satan's subtlety lies here; disgrace the Elder says one, divide them says another, pull them down says the third, that there may be no King in Israel, no nor in Zion, that we may do what is right in our own eyes.  
3. Try when the external Kingdom of Christ in a Commonwealth is cast off; for when any Commonwealth is ordered according to the sacred will of Christ, by such persons especially whose aim is to advance the Kingdom of Christ by their rule and power, 'tis then become the Kingdom of Christ Jesus. And hence, Revel. 11.15. when the seventh trumpet is blown, and the Lords last woe is come upon the world and the Kingdoms thereof, which have opposed Christ, and those Kingdoms are turned to embrace the Gospel, & submit to the power of Christ in the same, then it's said, The Kingdoms of the world are become the Kingdoms of Christ; it's not said, Christ's Kingdom is become the Kingdom of the world, as if Christ should put down civil authority, and exercise rule by it himself, but, The Kingdoms of the worlds, i. e. the various Kingdoms are become Christ's. i.e. to advance it, and debase themselves at his feet. Eph. 1.22. it's said All things are put under Christ's feet, and he is head over all things to the Church, (that is, universally, chiefly, nextly, particularly,) so than earth's Kingdoms when they are subject to Christ, for his ends, now they exercise the Kingdom of Christ, in a manner; and hence to cast off this, is to cast off the Kingdom of Christ, and so to provoke the Lord to put us under bondage.  
Quest. When is Christ's Power and Kingdom cast off here? Quest.  
Answ. There is a double Power in the Kingdoms of the world, Answ. which I suppose, when they become Christ's Kingdoms, they will retain.  
First, There is some supreme or higher power; in the chief Magistrates, Princes, or chief Court of Justice.  
Secondly, There is some inferior power, by some superior power, set over particular Persons, Cities, and Towns, for the well ordering of them. The ground of this is, that natural necessity which Jethro propounded from God to Moses, Exod. 18.17, 18. 'Tis not good for thee to be alone, but thou wilt both wear out thyself, and thy people. Public authority must have many eyes, and many hands; and like a River that is to water a Country, it must have many streams: And hence they had in the Commonwealth of Israel, which was for God, in every City Judges, and in Towns, such as were over fifties and ten, Exod. 18.25. which it seems continued long, till all fit men for government were taken away; and than Isaiah 3.3. their condition is lamented.  
Now the form of this government is not in all Commonwealths alike, the Lord not binding to any; and hence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, an ordinance of men. Hence it is a foolish vanity to ask a warrant in Scripture for such a form of Government; for humane wisdom may teach this, though not in Church-government. Yet this supreme and inferior Government hath been in all Kingdoms, 1 Pet, 2.13, 14. to both which subjection is required; to refuse to give it, is to cast off the Lord's Government; and there are couched four reasons in that place to prove this.  
1. Do it for the Lords sake, for the name of Christ; and that honour and majesty of Christ stamped on them, submit; hence cast them off, you cast by respect unto; nay, the name of Christ Jesus.  
2. Because they are in the room of the Lord, to do the work of the Lord; In punishing evildoers, and for the praise of them that do well. It's true, they may abuse their power otherwise; burr yet their power is one thing, and their abuse of it another.  
3. Because, this is the will of Christ, and you do well in it; and so you shall stop the mouths of foolish men, apt to speak against you for sin.  
4. Because, this is the liberty of Christ, verse. 16. and you are servants to Christ in it; and to do otherwise is licentiousness; and their liberty to exempt themselves from the power of lawful authority, was but a cloak of it. For so it seems in those days, some held it part of their Christian liberty to be free from all bonds; and said, that Christ had made them Kings on Earth, etc. So that if they did cast off subjection, they did cast off the name of Christ, power of Christ, will of Christ, liberty of Christ Jesus. Even under heathen Magistrates, what then do they that cast it off under others. Quest. 2  
Quest. 2. When is Christ's Government cast off in respect of the supreme power? Answ.  
Answ. Those that know the questions about the power of Princes and people, especially revived in these last days; cannot but know the field is large, where now I am, I shall be wholly silent; unless I saw greater cause of speaking then I do and only point out two or three particulars to prevent such sins as stand next to the door; to break in upon this power.  
1 When men cast off secretly dread, and fear, and reverence of the Majesty, Dominion and Sovereignty that God stamps upon authority; and so come to have low, mean thoughts of them, and contempt of them. It's true, none should be elected, but such as men can honour for some eminency or other, and that of God, seen in them. Able men fearing God, chief amongst the people; was the council of God by Jethro and Moses; but when they be Elected, now to despise them, and hence not to bow the knee, or stir the hat, and speak rudely before them; it's casting off, not only their power in sight of God; but the very root of it, which is honour: And hence in the 5th Commandment, all duties to them are comprehended under the word Honour. And who sees not but this is a sin, which is apt to attend the spirits of men in a place of liberty, and in our weak beginnings and day of small things? Reports are abroad, that no men or worth are respected; and hence the Country is neglected. I cannot say so after many thoughts; for I am persuaded no place in Europe more ready to honour men of public spirits, & of eminency in piety, and humility; without the seeing of which, no Country more apt to vilify; because grace is the glory in the eye of a Country led by Religion: But take heed lest such a spirit befall us; lest the Lord put out our Lamps, and cast our Crown down to the ground.  
2. When men seek to pluck the sword of revenge for sin hurting the Commonwealth, out of their hands; without which, the greatest power in a Commonwealth, is but a pageant, and a mere vanity, almost a nullity. Hence, Rom. 13.4. He is God's Minister; yes; when he gives good council; and when he is a revenger, to execute wrath on him that doth evil: So that be the evil what it will be, if it hurt the Commonwealth, or be against any wholesome Law thereof; he is God's Minister to punish it civilly. In the first Reformation of Geneva, there were as many heresies and errors almost as truths of God; Servetus, he denied the Deity of Christ; whereupon the Magistrate put him to death, who died with extreme horror; Whereupon heresies being begun to be snibbed and blasted, Bellius writes a book: 1. That men should punish no heresy at all; but be merciful and meek, is Christ was to the adulterous woman. 2. If they did; yet that Magistrates they should not punish for errors or heresies.  
3. If they did, yet not with such severity as they begun. To all which, Beza hath given a most learned and solid answer, detesting the hypocrisy of the man, and the sad consequences of such opinions, if their power should be diminished.  
I conceive, 'tis calling off Christ's power, to take away power from Magistrates to punish sins against the first Table, of which errors and heresies in Religion are part. It's as clear as the Sun, that the Kings of Judah that were godly did it, and were commended for it; and 'tis as clear, they were commended for it; not as types of Christ, but because they did therein that which was right in God's eyes, and according to the commandment of the Lord; Which judicial commandments, concerning the punishing of Sabbath-breakers, false Prophets, Heretics, etc. God's fence to preserve moral laws; they are of moral equity, and so to be observed to this day of Christian Magistrates, etc. To exempt Clergymen in matters of Religion from the power of the civil sword, is flat Popery; by means of which Antichrist hath risen, and hath continued in his pomp and power so long together; The indulgence of Princes towards the Papal function in matters of Religion, hath undone Christendom.  
'Tis true, every error is not to be immediately committed, but when 'tis like a gangrene; of a Spreading nature, than the Magistrate in due time must cut it off speedily.  
Object. Leave them to the Church. Object.  
Answ. True, leave them 1. there. Answ. But 2. Sometimes the Church will not, sometimes they are not of any Church. A Papist, an Arminian may come in and leaven and damn many a soul, for which they had better never been; If it were but one, and if he says, I do it with a meek spirit, (their trick of late) and none must meddle, because mercy must be shown to these wolves: A wise shepherd had rather let a hunter come in and kill one of his sheep, then let a wolf or fox escape, Act. 20.29. and see his people persecuted, than their souls worried.  
Heresy and Error hath this property; it ever dies by severe opposition, and truth ever riseth the more; because Christ is against the one, Hence it must fall; but for the other, hence it shall rise by its fall: Hence, set yourselves against this, 'tis to oppose the power of Christ Jesus. And hence in Henry the 8th time, the Abbeys fell, and never could rise to this day; but the six Articles against the Saints pursued with blood, made them increase the more.  
3. When men will not submit to the wholesome Laws of Magistrates; which are either fundamental, and continuing; or Orders that have their date and time of expiring, made for common good. When men will either have no awes or as good as none, or submit to none but what they please, Deut. 17.12. He that will not hearken, but do presumptuously, shall die: He being the Minister of the Lord; and indeed it is to call off the Lord. I go not about here to establish a sovereign power in Magistrates, which is proper to God, to make what laws they will, about civil, Religious, or indifferent things, and then people to submit to them for no other reason, but because of their will; under which notion, superstition in Churches hath been ushered and maintained, you must obey authority in that case, it's better to suffer then to sin, and not to do, then do. But I suppose the laws just, righteous, holy, and for public good, and that apparently so, and not in saying so only: Now here, to cast off laws, is to cast off Christ.  
There are two things especially, which are the cause and occasion of the breach of all other laws; and the strongest sins and sweetest, which men, young men especially, the hopes of the Commonwealth, are catcht with, Prov. 2.13, 16.  
1. Whoredom, secret lusts and wantonness, and other strange lusts which I cease and dare not name, 1 Kings 14.24. The sin before Shishah came, a sin which many times Solomon cannot see thorough his win dow, nor the eye of authority discern; but God will judge for it, Heb. 13.5. and if he be Judge, who shall be thy Jailor, but Satan? and what shall be thy sentence, but death? and what thy chains, but a hard heart for the present, and horror afterward? A sin which pollutes the very earth, the land, the very dust of the ground; and the cause of all sin almost in a place, as drunknnesse, idleness, corrupt opinions, scoffing at the Ministers of God, and ways of God: For I seldom knew a persecutor, but he was an adulterer, though it's not always true; and in the end, poverty and mine. And know it, though no man's eye has seen thee, no power of Magistrate can reach thee; this word shall be fire to consume thee, unless thou repent: for thy looks, thy lusts, thy dalliances, thy thoughts, thy speeches, thy endeavours this way, much more for the thing. Man's law shall not bind you here, because it cannot reach you; but know, that Christ is cast off by you.  
2. Lose company, vain men, Prov. 25.3, 4. A Commonwealth is a refined vessel of use for God, and judgement is established; when these are taken away, your knots of lose company. Take a poor soldier alone, he is as other men, but when they are got into a knot together; now they grow strong against all laws of God or men. So here, the knot of good fellowship hath been the bane of the flourishing Stolen of England, meeting in Taverns and such places; and the cause of whoredom, and of all evil commonly in a Nation. For hence, 1. Much precious time is lost; which if spent in praying, as in sporting with them, many a young man's soul had been blessed: Hence, sometimes dicing, feasting, excessive drinking, merry tales, which take off all spiritual joy: Hence filthy songs, and lascivious speeches; by which hopeful young men are ensnared, and taught to do wickedly, and so knit to them; that its death to part with them, and it's better to burn a whole town, then to poison one hopeful young man.  
Next to communion with wanton women, I have ever looked on unnecessary fellowship with graceless men, as the next. Well, know it, you cast off the Lord's government from you by his servants, which will be sad to answer for another day. And as the Prophet said to Jehosaphat, Shouldest thou love them that hate the Lord? his wrath is against thee for this: So say I to thee.  
Quest. 3. Quest. 3 Inferior power, when is that cast off, viz. in particular Cities or Towns by meaner persons?  
Answ. I shall express it in three things chief. Answ.  
1. When Soldiers in particular Towns, cast off respect, care, conscience to the commands of their leaders set over them of God, and who under God are the walls of outward safety for the country; 'tis not now an artillery day, only I must speak a word, because it's a thing of moment, and matter of great conscience with me. I suppose, in such a place at least, according to the Centurion's example amongst Heathens, Mat. 8.9. a word of a Commander to any of them should be a law. I say to one. Go, he goes. Now for men to come when they list to those meetings, and so time is lost, and when they do come, no care; I had almost said conscience, to mind their work in hand, and do it with all their might, as it to which they are called; but Officers may speak, charge, cry, yea strike sometimes, yet heed not, its intolerable; but that Members of Churches, which should be examples to others should do this, at least it is but brutishness. But I do wonder what rules of Conscience such do walk by, and if they do, where is their tenderness to withdraw their shoulders from under the work? which if there be but English blood in a Christian, he will endeavour to be perfect in his Art herein; but if grace, much more; that he may make one stone in the wall, and be fit to shed his blood, if need be, for the defence of Christ's servants, Churches, and cause of God.  
2. When any Town dost cast off the power and rule of Townsmen, set by the supreme Magistrate to make such orders as may make for the public weal thereof. I know sometimes men may not be so able, wise, and carry matterrs imprudently: Town-orders may also sometimes want that weight, that wisdom, those cautions, that mature consideration as is meet, as also that due and prudent publication, that all may know of them, with records of them. But take Town-orders that be deliberately made, prudently published, for the public peace, profit, comfort of the place, to oppose these, or persons that make these, with much care, fear tenderness; If I know any thing, is a sin of a crying nature, provoking God, and casting off his government. I confess, if there be not care here; I know no way of living under any government of Church or Commonwealth, if the public affairs of the Town be cast off. I know sometimes godly and dear to Christ, may through weakness, want of light, sudden passion, and violent tentation, oppose here; but I am perwsaded if they be the Lords, he will in time humble them for it, and make them better after it.  
I know the answer to two questions would clear up all the doubts about this matter. 1. What prudence should be used in making laws? 2. How fare those humane laws and Town-orders bind conscience? But I cannot attend these: only six things I would here say.  
1 The will and Law of God only hath Supreme absolute and sovereign power to bind conscience i.e. to urge it or constrain either to excuse for doing well, or to accuse for sin; for conscience is at liberty without this) this is a truth urged by all orthodox Protestant divines against the Papists; so that no law can immediately bind conscience but Gods.  
1. Because he only is Lord of conscience; because he made it, and governs it, and only knows it; and hence he only is fit to prescribe rules for it.  
2. Because he only can save or destroy the soul; hath only power to make laws for the soul to bind conscience. James. 4.12. There is one Law giver, who is able to save or destroy. Isa. 33.22. for the law which so binds conscience to a duty that the breach of it is a sin, and that against God: we know that the least sin of itself destroys the soul, binds it over to death, but none have power to destroy it but the Lord himself.  
3. Because the Law is sufficient to guide the whole man, in its whole course, in all the actions or occasions it meddles with, or takes in hand, even in civil as well as in Religious matters. Prov. 2.9. wisdom teacheth every good path. Psal. 119 11. I have hid thy word, that I might not sin. Whatever one doth without a rule from the word, is not of faith. Hence the word descends to the most petty occasions of our lives, it teacheth men how to look, Psal. 131.1. how to speak, Mat. 12.36. it descends to the plaiting of the hair, 1 Pet 3.5. moving of the feet, Isa. 3.16. and what is of Christian liberty hath its freedom from the word: a man must give an account at the last day of every stirring of heart, thoughts motives, and secret words; and if so, than it must be according to the rule of the word: and hence the word only hath absolute power to bind Masters, Servants, and Princes, how they govern, and people how they subject; and this the Lord hath done to make men take council from him, and walk in fear before him, and approve themselves to him, especially Townsmen in their places not to consult without God.  
2. All good laws and orders enacted in any place by men, are either expressly mentioned in the word, or are to be collected and deducted from the word, as being able to give sufficient direction herein. For all the authority of the highest power on earth in contriving of laws, is in this alone, viz. to make prudent collection and special application of the general rules, recorded in Scripture, to such special and peculiar circumstances which may promote the public weal and good of persons, places, proceed. Prov. 8.15. By me Princes decree justice. Joshua 1.7, 8. Do what Moses commanded, turn not on either hand. Object. But I cannot see my way from hence always. Meditate therefore on it much, and then thy way shall prosper, etc. Many things Joshua did, not particularly set down by Moses, but may be collected from it. Deut. 1.17, 18, 19, 20. The King is to have it, that he may prolong hit days in the midst of Israel, in his Kingdom. What made Rehoboam to turn from these ways? he thought he could not establish his Kingdom without it; that was therefore the ruin of him and his Kingdom.  
1. This appears, because the word is sufficient to direct, as hath been shown; and hence all directions and rules are to be taken from hence.  
2. Because either men have rules to walk by, or their own wills and apprehensions are to be rules, but not so, because men's wills are not only corrupt; but it's a peculiar prerogative to God to be obeyed, because of his will. The reason or wisdom which makes a rule, binds; which if it be right, is part of the law writ in the heart, which is most plainly seen and fully opened in the word, whence direction is to be had.  
3. Humane laws or orders thus, either see down in the word or deducted from the word, and applied by those that be in place in Towns; though they do not bind conscience firstly, as humane, or by humane power, (i. e. as published and imposed by man;) yet they do bind secondarily, i. e. by virtue of the Law of God, wherein they are contained, or from whence they are derived and deducted, and according to which they are opposed; they are like subpoenas in the King's name, or writ of arrest, which by virtue of higher power challenge obedience; And thus to break these, is to sin against God, and makes the conscience liable to punishment from God: And the reason is,  
1. Because men sin hereby against the Lord, and his holy righteous law, because God's law is contained in these; and what is deducted from the word, is God's word. 1 Sam. 8.7. They have not rejected thee, but me.  
2. Because they sin against the power of the Magistrate hereby, and against men in place, and so against more means; Rom. 13.2. He that resisteth the power, resisteth the Ordinance of God. i.e. when they command thee according to God, which the Lord takes very ill; and the meaner the power is (as in Towns) the more terrible will the Lord be, when he comes to visit for it; hence they receive to themselves damnation, both by God and men.  
'Tis true, if they be not thus according to the word, but rather against the general rules of it; though men in Towns and places are not to be obeyed, yet subjection is their due even then; i. e. not to refuse obedience with contempt of their persons, places power, or scandal to their proceed, or profession of the Gospel. Revile not the Lords high Priest; speak evil of no man; but rather come in private, and confer with them; and hear what may be said, and be willing to give and take reason.  
4. Humane laws and orders may be known to be according to the word, when they command or forbid such things, as really advance or tend to promote the public good.  
This I add to answer that great question in many scrupulous minds. I cannot see (so ignorant) when an order is collected from the general rules of the word; now this conclusion answers that doubt: For look as the main work of men in place, is to promote public good; (and hence  men are to be chosen for it) so the principal rule is that which God and his Word gives them to walk by: whatever really doth tend to the advancement of that; Publish that, record that, and execute that, Rom. 13.4. He is God's Minister to thee for good: i. e. for the public good. He is for men's private good, but 'tis in reference to public good; that as private persons are to attend their work, so public persons public good. Hence, 1. If a law be made for public hurt, that law is not of God.  
2. Hence, if the law be made only for the private good of themselves, or any particular person, and hurts the public, that's not according to God. Admirable was Joshuas spirit herein, Josh. 19.49, 50.  
3. If laws be only in appearance and pretence for public good, and not really, they bind not; none must do evil, much less make a law of it, for public good. Nothing more usual then to make evil laws and orders, crossing God's law, and to pretend public good; which ever prove the public pests and plagues, and cankers of that place, as Jeroboams command for Religion. Somethings are forbidden plainly, they make not for public good, but hurt, the statutes of Omri. Other things are indifferent in their nature, as swine to go abroad, or to be shut up; but inconvenient in their use, and hurtful and scandalous, and that really to the general. They are not for public good, whatever is pretended; somethings are plainly commanded, they are for the public good circumstantiated; some things are indifferent in their nature, but convenient and comfortable in their use, those are indeed according to God. And such things may be discerned, they are so obvious and sensible, of such necessity and such profit, when duly considered by persons not blinded with their private interests.  
4. Hence things indifferent, which may as well be left undone as done, and so public good no way advanced, are not of God that any should restrain them: For the liberty which Christ hath purchased by his blood, and which Gods law gives; no law of man can abolish, or take away. It's the cry of the clawbacks of Princes, that they have power in things indifferent, i. e. such things which make as much for public good, not to use, as use; the truth is, he hath least power here; because they are idle and Idol-lawes, no hurt, nor is there good in them: And hence, some of the most rigid Schoolmen maintain such laws bind not conscience: we are not to seek our private only; now all humane laws are helps to seek public.  
5. That laws made for and according to God for public good, if they do not destroy some men's particular; only for sometime pinch and press hard upon his particular good, or their particular good, men are bound in conscience here to submit. True, 1. If it were possible, all laws for public good, should hurt no particular man, and Townsmen, if they can; should help those that are hurt; yet because no laws, but usually they will press on some man's particular; the heaviest end of a staff that is to be borne, must fall on some man's shoulder, and such laws must be made. Hence a man is to bear and submit cheerfully, i. e. from the rule of love, which will abate of particular for the general good; love that more than mine own. 2. The law of justice, a man is to do as he would be done by; there is no man, but if his good was advanced by the general, but would be content that some particular should be pinched. 3. The law of nature: The stomach is content to be sick, and body weak, to heal the whole body. Hence Christians should not think that Townsmen are careless, unjust, and aimed at their hurt, when it is thus. 1. King. 12.4.  
6. A mere Penal law when 'tis broke; the forfeiture is sufficient for the satisfaction of the offence, or trespass; but not in a mixed law.  
First, A Penal law is about things of small moment.  
Secondly, 'Tis not made by way of command, but with an aut, a disjunctive copula: and is indeed rather a proviso then a law.  
Thirdly, It is in the mind of the law, make satisfactory if the penalty be paid, though the law be not performed, because the public good in the mind of the Lawmaker is known to be set forward that way as by obedience to the law. In these cases penalty is enough; but if the law be mixed, i. e. there is a command it shall be done; and Lawgiver is sad, though penalty being paid, as being about a matter of weight; it may be the livelihood and comfort of men, as keeping hogs out of corn, and peace in a town, that there be no complaining; here the penalty will not satisfy, because this is no penal law, but a law indeed deducted from rules of the word of God; as it is in theft, he that steals, shall pay fourfold; or he that brawls, shall be ducked in the water: Suppose one should say, I will suffer my servant to steal or revile; I hope 'tis no offence if he suffer the penalty. Yes, but it is, because it is not a mecre penal law; the thing is of weight, peace between neighborus, so peace in a Town. It's a flat charge not to break it, and thou know'st such is the honesty and justice of a Magistrate, that he will say, I would rather you would never do thus, then offer those to do. Hence in God's law Christ must suffer, and do also, because God's law is not merely penal; but doing the thing, gives more content than the punishment.  
3. When servants cast off all subjection to their Governors. Families being the members and foundations of Towns, and so of Commonwealths. When they are not obedient; 
Tit. 2.9, 10. 1 Pet. 3.18. Eph. 6.5.  but answer again; if they they be let alone, then idle; if rebuked and curbed, then stubborn and proud, and worse for chiding, and find fault with their wages, and victuals, and lodging; weary, and vex out the heart of Master and Mistress, and make them weary of their lives, and their God also almost sometimes; and that by such professing Religion, and all that they might be from under the yoke.  
And here I cannot but set a mark upon servants broke lose from their Masters, and got out of their time, that are under no Family nor Church-government; 
1 Pet. 3.18. Tit. 2.9, 10. Eph. 6.5.  nor desiring of it, or preparing for it; but their reins are on their necks. I confess, if under heathen Masters, then desire liberty rather; but when men will live as they list, without any over them, and unfit to rule themselves; I much doubt, whether this be according to God.  

1 Hence they come to live idly, and work when they list.  
2. Hence men of public use, can have little use but when they please of them.  
3. When they be with them, they have no power to correct or examine, and call them to account, in regard of spiritual matters.  
4. Hence they lie in wait to oppress men that must have help from them, and so wilt do what they list.  
5. Hence they break out to drunkenness, whoring, and lose company.  
6. Hence they make other servants unruly, and to desire liberty.   
Now examine and try these things: Is the Kingdom of Christ come into us? that though there be a law in our members warring, yet there is a law of the mind warring against it, and delighting in the will of Christ, and setting him up as chief. Are we under the Kingdom of Christ in his Church and Commonwealth; so as the soul is willing in the day of the L●rds power, though there be, and have been some pangs of resistance against persons and against Ordinances; so as 'tis thy liberty to be subject to Christ in his Ordinances, in his servants; and 'tis thy bondage to be otherwise, and thou longest for that day, that the Lord would subdue all those boisterous lusts, and pride, and passions; and bruise sin, Satan and self under thy feet? Then I say, as the Lord, Isa. 33.20, 21, 22. Look upon Zion, the City of your solemnity, etc. See Rom. 8.7, 1.  
But if the heart grows lose and licentious, and breaks the Lords bonds and yokes, and will be led by your own fleshly ends and lusts, and so go on quietly: Be you assured, this truth shall have a time to take hold of such spirits; and know it assuredly, 'tis not to be in Christ's Family or Kingdom; 'tis not scrambling for promises, catching at God's grace, talking of assurance of God's love; which will shelter you from the wrath of the King of Kings, and Lord of Lords; to whom God hath sworn, That every knee shall how. 'Tis service and subjection which the Lord aims at, and which the Lord looks for. I know 'tis God's grace which only can save; but it will never save when it is turned into licentiousness.  
Do not say, There is no danger of it, here where we have such means, and such liber●●●s are.  
Answ. 1. Answ. 1 Never such danger of being licentious, as in places of liberty; when no bit nor bridle of external tyranny to curb in.  
2. Look on the Kingdom of Judah here, which in one year all fell.  
3. Why doth the Lord exercise us with wants and straits? 'tis to humble us, and abate our unruliness. And 'tis the Lord's quarrel with his best people to this day; desperate rebellious hearts, that close not with his Government.  
Do not say, we know not how bondage should come here, though we should cast oft the Lords Government.  
Answ. 1. Answ. 1 The Lord can let lose the natives again us. Ahab kills 1000000 of Benhadad's men, but afterwards within seven years he returns again.  
2. The Lord can raise up brambles, and Abimeleches to be the King of the trees, when the Olives and the Vines are loath to forsake their places, and to lose their fatness and sweetness.  
3. The Lord can turn the hearts of those in power against people, and let Satan sow suspicions, and sow seditions and clashings.  
4. The Lord can leave us into one another's hands to oppress, to take away the nether millstones.  
5. If none of these, Satan, nay Christ himself will come out with garments dipped in blood.  
3. Do not say, 'Tis not so, there is sweet subjection, i. e. 'tis so and blessed be God for it, yet beware, I speak to prevent, But yet 1. Some seem to do so, and yet are not so, 2 Cor. 10.4, 5. Mighty to pull down every high thought, who attains this, who can be thus? yet there are means mighty for this end, not that all be abolished, but all are abolishing. 2. Others otherwise, openly how zealous for an opinion, when it should be death to differ, and things in your own heart lying miserably waste, and some wretched lust the root of all, for which Gods Saints mourn in secret. Let such know, that will not be ruled by Christ, or his servants or ordinances, but will have them to rule them, and not to be ruled by them. The Lords chains are near, and therefore now take your time and come in, submit to the Lord, and do as these here did, acknowledge the Lord to be righteous, and turn unto the Lord.  
Use 6. Use 6 Of thankfulness, for our present liberties and freedom from the bondage of men, bondage of conscience, bondage of Satan and sin: need there is of laying this use seriously to heart, considering two things principally. 1. The general complaints of the Country, as they of Jericho, 2 Kings 2.19. The waters are bad, and the ground barren, and these are engraven in marble, all other our liberties are written on the water. 2. The disgrace and, reproach cast upon God's people and ways of God, and that unjustly, which I am afraid to mention; whence there grows a contempt of them, and the rivers of Damascus now are better than Jordan. Oh beloved, if it be an heavy hand of God to be under bondage, then look on it as a special grace of God to free us from bondage. Deut. 32.11, 12. The Lord done did lead them, etc. and Moses, 
Jer 2.20.  chap. 33.29. when he had blessed them, Happy art thou Oh Israel, a People saved by the Lord. And the greater cause we have to do this, a People that have abused all liberties. Isa. 9.8, 9, 10. He laments it, but yet is thankful for it to God's grace: no man that can say but he may be as holy as he will, and none to curb or snib.  
1. Means, Consider what all the liberties God's people enjoy have cost, Gal. 5. Christ hath made you free, i. e. by his blood. Liberty of Conscience from the bondage, not of Jewish, but of Antichristian Ceremonies, and Government, and Pressures: Liberty of will from any sin; 'tis by Christ's blood and cost, that (as I am persuaded) our liberties have cost Saints their blood. The tears, prayers and blood of men are much; but of Christ much more, and are they not worth thanks that are of this price? The great reason why unthankfulness comes in, is; because they cost so much, as loss of estate, of wise, or of child by sea; dost thou repent now? Christ doth not repent that his blood hath been paid for them; and if they be of so little value; as there 'tis said, He repent that he made man, so may he that ever he gave them such glorious liberties.  
2. Consider oft of the sad condition of them that be in bondage. Men in bondage prize liberty, and think them happy that enjoy it; but men out of it do not. How sad is the consideration of them that be in bonds, it will make thy heart sympathise with them, and bless God for your deliverance, Hence saith Christ, Luke 22.20. When you see Jerusalem compassed with enemies, etc. fly to the mountains, and woe to them that give suck. Consider them that are taken with the Turks; if you were in their condition you would say so; to bring forth little ones to the murderer or idolater, Isa. 42.22. and 26. men's hearts failing for fear, this you should see somewhere. A mote or a thorn is a little thing, but no man would have it always vexing for all the estate he hath, if he hath any eye or tenderness in it; so those small matters for which the Saints have suffered, and for which God is provoked, and under which some have roared, and others have been loaded one after another; 'tis worth a world; oh, bless God for it: but consider those that be under the dominion of sin and Satan, so strong and miserable; sin so dear, that there is not so much as a sigh under that; be thankful for that.  
3. Labour to maintain in the heart a holy fear of abusing liberties, every one in his place; for what makes them despised, but principally the abuse of them; in such a Congregation there was such contention, such affront to the Elders, there is that degenerating of spirit, and back-sliding from God, that men grow worse under means then ever, I and so must be if men grow not better. Deut. 6.10, 12. The Lord exhorts them, that when they be at liberty, they would not then forget the Lord, but then fear. 'Tis Luther's: note on the place: When in trouble, you rejoice; but when in peace, you fear. I'll only name the sins of liberty.  
1. Take heed of a prayerless spirit, and that that lamp go not out. Men under some pressures cry, and 'tis long before they do cry under them, and under their sin; but then at last they do, and when the Lord gives liberty, though they have the guilt of the same sins, and more sins lie on them, yet then like Mariners, when the storms are over fall asleep. It's strange that Israel under Pharaoh cried, and under God's afflicting hand in denying them water murmured. True thankfulness will help to prise what liberty affords.  
2. An unloving spirit to the Saints. It's that I have oft said; soldiers when they are set against a common enemy are all one, but when at liberty, than they fling javelins at one another's heads, differ in opinion, and in heart and affection, and 'tis not death so to do. Take heed of a rigid, censorious, unloving spirit.  
3. Extreme ignorance how to use our liberties; and hence running to extremes. As we say of Christ, There is good enough in him, but men know not how to fetch and improve it: so there is great advantage in liberties; but men miss of it through their ignorance and abuse. Hence many times more hurt done by an Admonition then by the sin, when administered in passion, and without compassion. Hence under pretence of liberty extreme licentiousness.  
4. Imperiousness of spirit, arising from a frothy emptiness, and an overweening opinion, and conceitedness of their own abilities and wisdom above others: and hence will not be led, (being at liberty) by the Council and Advice of others. It's natural for man to affect sovereignty, and when the time comes of liberty, than it hath a vent: Who made thee a Lord and Judge over us? though in bondage, much more in liberty; they think Wills Commonwealth is in their heads chief, and hence will not be ruled by God's ordinances; and hence if once taken with an opinion, hardly ever removed, etc.  
5. Resting with liberties and in liberties. We were never in bondage, John 8.33. yet servants to sin. We be Abraham's seed, better than all the world; yet under all the power of sin and Satan, and must not be told of their ways, but hate them that censure them for their sins. Men in bondage are like sick men, that will cry if they were in another bed, oh then they should be well; but they must first be cured of their disease.  
4. Make use of liberties. He that hath them, but sees not so much glory in them, or gets not much good from them; he will be no more thankful than one that hath large grounds, may walk at liberty, but the trees for want of manuring bear no fruit, nor ground corn through sloth; such a man will starve there. Look as they, Deut. 15.5, 10, 11. they were to bring the first fruits, & present them before the Lord, and rejoice in all: so should you if ever you be thankful for them, bring the first fruits to the Lord, and think there is more behind, and more in heaven.  
Object. But our outward straits are many, Object. and temptations sad.  
Answ. If Christ himself should come on earth, what would you have with him? Answ. would you have him come and set up an earthly Paradise? would you have better entertainment than he, who had not that which foxes and birds had? or would you have him come from his Cross, and then you will make him King? if you despise his ordinances and liberties because of wants, you would despise himself if he were present. But you will reply and say, What if we can have both? If that can be, and Christ calls to take both, refuse not his love. But it may be an heavy indictment against some at the last day, in that they forsake Christ, because he is poor and naked; for they are therefore called to  him: and this will be your Peace, and you will be no losers yourselves another day.  
2. Suppose he doth keep us low; yet Psal. 145.13, 14. His dominion is always, and raiseth up all that are bowed down. Oh be humbled; he is said, Deut. 32.13. to make the people such honey out of the rock, and oil out of the flint, sweetness and mercy out of the hardest condition.  
3. They that are not recompensed for their enjoyment of liberties, by the spiritual refresh which the Lord gives, showing them more of their own hearts; the Lord proclaims liberty to them to departed. I am persuaded the whole Country would flourish the more.  
4. Lament rather your own vileness, who in the midst of all mercy, know not how to use, but abuse our liberties: and hence the Lord forsakes us; as Ezra 9.8, 10, 11. What grace hath been showed us? what shall we say, that after this, & c? wouldst thou not be angry with us till thou hast consumed us? Psal. 81.13, 16. Oh that my People had heard my voice, I would have subdued their enemies. God would not be wanting unto us, if we were not to him.  
Take therefore that example to imitate, in Acts 9.31. Having rest, they were edified: if we be not so, truly, as none have the like liberties; so no bondage so sad, no where such poverty, no where such anguish of conscience, no where such spirit and power of sin, no where such sad anger; if in practice we be unthankful, or can mouth and speak against long Sermons, and against the Country and Christians, or in hearts undervalue them; and when you see Indians rise, Brambles, Abimeleches and Shebnas raised, etc. then know this is for abuse of liberty.  
Use 7. Of exhortation to come under Christ's Government, Use 7 and be in his service; lest ye come to know the difference between it and some other by experience.  
Mot. 1. You must be either under Christ's yoke, or Satan's and sins, 
Mot. 1.  and so all other miseries: and therefore as Joshua said, so say I to you; Choose you whom you will serve.  
Mot. 2. Consider the difference between the service of the Lord and Shishak. 
Mot. 2.   
1. The government of others, tyrannical proud men, or sin or Satan, or outward miseries; 'tis full of rigour, force and cruelty. Ezek. 34.4. With force and cruelty have ye ruled them. But Christ's Government is there shown to be in mercy, and full of mercy; though sometimes lost, he will fetch thee in again; though sick and weak, he will heal thee again, vers. 16. Deut. 4.6. 'Tis for thy good the Lord hath no need of thy service, etc. True it is, the Lord may show his people hard things, and give them sad miseries; but these wounds do not kill them, only make way for healing the distempers of their hearts, that are in his poor weak ones; and his end is to bring them to himself.  
2. Their government is in itself hard and bitter. To serve a lust now, 'tis a torment, sometimes to conscience, if that be awake; if not, 'tis a curse of curses: much reluct ancy against it; much chiding after it, and God hides himself; dreadful fears, and heart itself unquiet; but Christ's yoke is easy and his burden light; his assistance, and presence, and love, and peace makes it so, and that daily, and at death especially.  
3. There is little recompense for their service; the best that Saul can give, are Olive-fields and Vine-yards; but anguish of conscience after the work is done: But the Lord gives a Kingdom; and not a word or thought, but there is a book of remembrance writ; not a cup of cold water, or rag to any of Christ's naked servants, but it will be recompensed. You have followed me, you shall sit on thrones.  
Mot. 3. Consider how fain the Lord would have you under his Government; 
Mot. 3.  for many will say, I have refused so oft; and what shall I now do? the Lord will cast me by. True, he may do so, and you may be glad if the Lord will honour you in doing his work. Yet, Prov. 2.23. Return you scorners at my reproof, and I'll power out my Spirit upon you. Jer. 36.3, 7. Read (says God) the words of the Roll to them: It may be they will hear, and present their supplications before the Lord, and turn every man from his evil way, that I may forgive their iniquity and their sin. Read the place if you can without tears. You that have departed from God and Christ, and provoked God's wrath, when there is but little hope left it may be; Oh, yet read the Roll.  
Mot. 4. Once Christ's, and under his Government, 
Mot. 4.  you shall never be cast off; As sin hath reigned unto death, so shall grace reign unto eternal life, Rom. 5.21. He will bestow on you the sure mercies of David, by an everlasting Covenant, Isa 55.5.  
Quest. But wherein should I submit to the Lord? Quest.  
Answ. None have power to rule conscience but Christ, Answ. give him therefore this glory; that wherein he binds conscience; conscience not out of fear; but love may indeed submit. I have instanced the particulars formerly, yet more distinctly. There be two great commands or charges of Christ, that lie upon all men's consciences to whom the Gospel comes, and therein lies our service of him generally: Which too I name, because there we think we are free, or do not know our liberty.  
First, The command of Christ is, that every one to whom the Gospel comes, and is preached, do believe, i.e. receive Christ Jesus in all his fullness in the Gospel. John 1.12. For that is to believe; in which command lies God's offer. 1 John 5.23. This is his commandment, that ye believe, John 6.25, 37, 38. This is the work of God that ye believe. Now here men think they are free. 1. They say they are unworthy; and hence they say, Depart from me, Lord, I am a sinful man; as if God's grace was built on man's worthiness. 2. Because unhumbled, whereas God's grace calls in men unhumbled. Rev. 8.17, 18. For Gods call and offer is general, though none but the humble will hearken to it. But there are none, but it may be said to them; If they can believe, let them. 3. Because Christ is not theirs, and are they bound to believe he is? Whereas the first act of faith, is not to believe Christ is mine, than men were bound to believe a lie. But to receive Christ as a woman her husband, that he may be mine by faith; and so a man may know and say, he is mine. The Gospel doth no where say to any man, Christ is thine; but if thou receive him, he is thine, and consequently the Spirit speaks so also. 4. Because they cannot believe, unless they should presume; as if the Gospel bond the conscience of none to believe, but them that were able to believe it, and receive Christ in it; yet 'tis otherwise: for it binds all to receive Christ Jesus; to go up and possess him, to feed, eat and drink, and live for ever. And I will leave this one undeniable argument; If men are liable to eternal condemnation at the great and last day, and to bear the eternal wrath of God and Christ also, for disobeying the Gospel, for refusing Christ and the offer of his grace therein: Then those men's consciences are bound to obey the Gospel; i. e. to believe and receive Christ now in this life.— But all that have the Gospel preached to them, are liable to eternal condemnation, for disobedience to it. John 3.18, 19 Psal. 2.12. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry. So, 2 Thess. 2.8, 9 He comes to render vengeance on them that obey not the Gospel. Rom. 2.16. The Lord shall judge the secrets of all hearts by my Gospel. That is, wherever the Gospel comes; for they that have no law, having no law shall not be judged by it: But men that have had the Gospel, shall be judged by it, and therefore are bound o obedience thereunto.  
The serious consideration of which one truth, is enough to draw all to Christ from the power of unbelief; especially they that say, I cannot, or ought not to believe. For the reason why men do not come, is.  
1. They think the Gospel concerns not them; what doth the Lord say to me, come so vile, and sinful? yes, that he doth; if there was no such law, there could be no transgression or condemnation.  
2. They think they shall presume. No, if conscience be bound to it, 'tis no presumption, to keep a Sabbath aright, or to receive Christ as God offers him: Oh, this quiets conscience.  
3. The Lord lays his chain on the most, tender place of conscience, as it will answer it at the great day, or will have any peace; take heed, you refuse not so great salvation.  
4. 'Tis a chain, not of bondage, but of liberty, and mercy, and love: Come and receive, not a Kingdom; but Christ, Peace, pardon, and grace freely; which may draw the heart, as it will at the great and last day. Come ye blessed, take a Kingdom; take a Christ prepared for you from before the foundation of the world. Oh that this might sound in your ears: This is the first and chiefest; without this, all your obedience is hypocrisy, and abominable; but this will please, and then all poor obedience shall please.  
Secondly, Love unto the whole will of Christ; especially to that part of it, to love those that be the members of Christ. Some Christians they believe, and feeling a heart so cross to Christ, and the will of God; think they are from under the government of God and Christ, and so from under the grace of Christ, (and the argument is strong, if true;) but why not under his government? because they find daily a spirit so cross to the will of Christ; and hence under continual fears of condemnation. Oh but consider, hast thou no love to the will of, Christ & law of God? (for if any believe, this is found in him) if so, then under Christ's Government. Rom. 8.2. The Law of the spirit of life hath made me free. What is that Law? See Chap. 7.23, 24. Spirit of delight in the Law in the inner man, and mourning for contrary captivity. Know therefore, though you cannot do all; yet love the whole will of God, and mourn where you do not; and then say. Now no condemnation. Do not say, 'Tis impossible. Oh, here is men's woe, and trial of subjection to Christ's will! How do you love it, love his Sabbaths and Ordinances, because of his love to you? How does this constrain you?  
In particular; Love the people of God, that is his special commandment, 1 John 3.23. John 13.34. But now the want hereof, or the contrary hereto: As when a man shall become: 1. A Disaster. 2. A Contemner. 3. A Censurer, and whisperer. 4. A Scoffer. 5. If met on a Bridge, an opposer of the Truths or servants of God. This is that which kindles wrath, and wherein the inward venom of hypocrisy appears. There's many duties neglected, and not that spirit of prayer, and holy conferences amongst Christians; yet do you keep love to them; that what you cannot do yourselves, yet you love others that can do it, and account it your blessedness to be like them, and daily mourn under your neglects; that in every thing, the Gospel is not adorned by you: and on the other side, although you have many duties, Sabbaths, and good acts; yet if not love, all is vile. I fear 'tis not men's joy, sweetness, delight to hear the least good word that falls from a good man's lips, but rather the truths and things of God despised; if so, then look for wo. And for Members of Christ, their lives not desired, their deaths not lamented; but you know how to contend, and are careless though the Gospel and God be slandered; you cast off the Lord's yoke. It was one man's speech, that the great sin of this Country will be hatred of the Saints, a scornful contempt of them; It will come by degrees, first distaste, and then censure and contemn. Oh, but if herein you submit, herein Christ is honoured, and Gospel glorified in love and amiableness: Not in a rigorous austerity of spirit, and diabolical censoriousness; but in word and deed, countenance and gesture, comforting and encouraging one another.  
When David would know what to do; Truly saith he, my goodness extends not to thee; but to the Saints, in whom is all my delight; Oh therefore submit here; this conscience calls for, and Christ must have.  
To conclude with a word for help here.  
Means 1. Look to God's Ordinances, 
Means 1.  not as they be in themselves; but as appointed of God, to communicate an almighty power of spirit to them that wait on the Lord in them. An almighty power must overcome, and go on conquering, and to conquer. How shall we have this by God's Ordinances? Some more principal, as Word and Sacraments; some less. How shall we partake of this power in them? Look not on them in themselves, but as appointed and sanctified, and so as glorious. And there pray and wait, and look for the power; nay, believe you shall receive this power. As the waters of Jordan to Naaman; How did they cleanse? When he looked upon them without the command and promise, he despised them, and so found not the benefit of them, but afterward he found the benefit of them, when he washed seven times in attendance to the appointment of God. Brethren, it is but go and wash here. 1 Cor. 10.5.  
Means 2. Know your disobedience, 
Means 2.  the breadth of it. Somethings Christians see, and pray against them, and then all is well; but see the breadth of evil in your disobedience. There is something that doth oppose God in every lawful thing, in whole or in part, (for flesh is in it) or else you are blinded if you see it not. Oh therefore feel the breadth of evil in it; that being sensible of, and humbled under, and striving against your continual disobedience; every thought may be brought into subjection and obedience to Christ.   

OF Ineffectual HEARING.  JOHN 5.37. Ye have neither heard his voice at any time, nor seen his shape. 
FRom the 31. Vers. to the end of this Chapter. Our Saviour proves that he was the Messiah to come, from four testimonies.  

1. From the testimony of john; the first, yet the least, yet very strong and full, vers. 32.33.  
2. From the testimony of his works, greater than that of john, vers. 36.  
3. From the testimony of he Father, by his voice from heaven, vers. 37.  
4. From the voice of the Scriptures, the highest of all, and surer than a voice from heaven. (2 Pet. 1.19.) v. 39, 46.   
Now these words are annexed to the third testimony, which I told you is the voice of God from heaven, set down Mat. 3.17. For this testimony of the Father is not the inward testimony of the spirit only; Because Christ speaks of public, and evident testimonies in this place; nor is it meant of the testimony of the Father in the Scripture; for that is a distinct testimony: and though the Father doth testify of Christ in the Scriptures; yet 'tis not as his testimony, no more than the testimony of john, and of his works, whereby the Father did testify also: Nor is it probable that our Saviour would at this time, omit that famous testimony of the Father at his Baptism; which if it be not here, is not where in this Chapter. Beside, how is this testimony the Father's more than the Spirits; but then, being called his Son, he did evidently declare himself to be the Father that spoke. Lastly, the Spirits testimony is spoken of, as the testimony of Moses and the Prophets. Vers. 46, 47. For had ye believed Moses, ye would have believed me, for he wrote of me, vers. 47. For if ye believe not his writings how shall be believe my words.  
Now out Saviour in these words answers an Objection, which the Jews (ever conceited of their own knowledge) might make. We know the Father as well as you; and yet we know no such testimony that he gives. Christ answers, You do not know him; for the certain knowledge of a thing, is either by seeing or hearing; now you never saw him nor heard him; you have therefore no acquaintance with him.  
So that the words contain 1, Christ's fearful accusation of the Jews to beignorant of God. 2. The aggravation and extent of it, at no time, i. e. not only at Baptism, but at no other time, in any Ministry, or in any Scripture, etc.  
Quest. 1. What is it not to see his shape nor hear his voice? Quest. 1  
Answ. Some think they are metaphorical speeches, Answ. to express their ignorance of God; Now though this be the scope, and the general truth, yet I conceive, the Lord speaking particularly, and knowing what he spoke, intends something particularly: and it is a rule, never to fly to metaphors, where there can be a plain sense given. There is therefore two degrees of true knowledge of God in this life, or 'tis attained unto by a double means.  
1. By heating of him, for hence our faith comes by the Word.  
2. By hearing thus from him, the mind also comes to have a true Idea of God, as he reveals himself in the Word and Means by the Spirit, job 42.5. I have heard of thee by the hearing of the ear, but now mine eye seethe thee; and this is the shape here spoken of, not bodily and carnal. Now Christ doth profess that they did want both. Carnal and unregenerate hearts, neither hear God's voice, nor have a right Idea of God in their minds, but become vain in their minds, though they have means of knowing, and their foolish hearts are darkened; the wiser they be, the more foolish they grow.  
2. At no time, i.e. neither at baptism, nor else in any man's Ministry, nor in any of the Scriptures which you read, and where the Lord speaks.  
3. But did they not hear the voice of God at Christ's baptism, and at the Mount when Christ preached, when the Scriptures were opened every Lord's day and at other times amongst them?  
Answ. No, they never heard it. It's a strange thing, Answ. that such men that read, heard, preached, remembered the Scriptures, and could tell you mysteries in titles, never heard the voice of God; and yet it is most true.  
Observat. That man's men may a long time together know and hear the Word of God written and spoken, 
Observe.  yet never hear the Lord speaking that Word, no not so much as one word, title or syllable; no not so much at once, at any time. This was the estate of the Jews, and this is the estate of all unregenerate men. Hence Christ. Luke 19.41. laments and weeps over Jerusalem, saying, Oh that thou hadst known in this thy day, etc.  
1. Quest. How did the Jews hear, and yet not hear God speaking? 
1. Quest.   
Answ. There is a twofold word, or rather a double declaration of the same word. Answ. 1. There is God's external or outward word, containing letters and syllables, and this is his external voice. 2. There is God's internal word and voice, which secretly speaks to the heart, even by the external word, when that only speaks to the ear. The first the Jews did hear, at Christ's Baptism, in Christ's Ministry, and in reading the Scriptures, and when they did hear it, it was God's word hay heard, full of glory, and so they heard the word spoken, but only man speaking it: the other comes to few, who hear not only the word spoken, but God speaking the word, Rom. 10.18, 19 Israel did hear, but Israel did not know. Christ speaks in parables; Hence in seeing they did not see, Luke 8.10. And this is one way, how 'tis true that Christ says, They never heard his voice. As 'tis with a painted Sun on the wall, you see the Sun and Stars, but there is a difference between seeing this and the Sun and Stars themselves, wherein is an admirable glory: go to a painted Sun, it gives you no heat, nor cherisheth you not; so it is here, etc.  
2. This inward word is double. 1. Ineffectual, (though inward.) 2. Effectual. 1. Ineffectual, is that which hath some inward operation upon the heart, but it attains not God's end to bring a man into a state of life; and thus, Heb. 6.2, 5. Many tasted of the good word of God, yet fell away. And such a heart is compared to a field which a man ploughs and sows, and rain falls on it, and yet the end is not attained, it brings forth thistles; and this many Jews did hear, and hence had some kind of faith in Christ. 2. Effectual, is that which hath such an inward efficacy upon men's hearts, as that God attains his end thereby, Isa. 55.11. and brings men to a state of life, of which Christ speaks, John. 6.45. and this voice none but the Elect hear; and of this Christ speaks here, as appears, verse 38. Him whom he sent, ye believe not. Hence it is you have heard God at no time. Hence he speaks of such a hearing and knowing, such a hearing outwardly, as is accompanied with such a hearing inwardly, Joh. 14.17. so that many men may hear the word spoken outwardly, but never inwardly: they may hear it inwardly, but never effectually, translating them from state to state, from death to life, from life to life and glory. No sense of the Majesty of God speaking, nor effectual hearing of the word spoken. When the Sun is down the Moon may arise, but yet a man is cold and dark; but when the Sun ariseth, on it warms, nourisheth and cherisheth, etc. nothing is hid from it; so it is here, when the Lord speaks inwardly and effectually to the heart.  
Reas. 1. From that great distance and infinite separation of men's souls from God, that though God calls, Reason 1 yet they can't hear no more than men a 1000 mile off. Eph. 2.1. men are dead in sin. Now what is spiritual death, but separation of the soul from God, & God from it. A dead man cannot hear one word at no one time, he was not dead if he could. men's minds are far from God, & hearts also, that they are neither stricken with the sight of his glory, nor sense and savour of his goodness, but must be vain, and have worldly hearts in the Church, nay adulterous eyes, or if they listen, God is gone from them, and from his Word also, Hos. 5.6.  
Reas. 2. From the mighty and wonderful strange power of Satan, Reason 2 which blinds their eyes they cannot see nor hear, 2 Cor. 4.4. never such clear light, never such an effectual Word, as that of the Apostles, yet it was hid; why? The God of this world blinded them, either he will keep such a noise and lumber in their heads, that they cannot hear God speaking for the noise, or else turn himself into an Angel of light, and speak, and by their light will blind them, that the light in them shall be darkness. Rom. 1.22. When men with natural light began to be most wise, than they became came the greatest fools: so 'tis with other knowledge of Scripture, and things they hear. Happy were it for many a man if he had never heard nor seen; 
Rev, 12.9. Rom. 1.22.  for that which he hath heard and seen keeps him from hearing. Tyre and Sidon would hear sooner than Capernaum that heard most.  
Reas. 3. Reas. 3 From the righteous judgement of God, in leaving men to be blinded and made deaf, from and by the means whereby they should hear and know; that as it is with the Saints, all evil things are for their good, so all good things are for their hurt, Isa, 6.10. the meriting cause is unbelief and sin, but the deep and hidden rise of all is God's eternal dereliction of them, God never intended love, special love to them; hence he never speaks one word to them; 2 Cor. 4.3. John 6.65. Many were offended at his words and forsook him. Now to take off this offence. I said, None can come to me, except it be given him of the Father, what is that? see vers. 45. and 37.  
Use 1. Use. 1 Hence see the reason, why the Word is so wonderfully ineffectual to the souls of many men, that it never stirs them, that it's a strange thing to them; it's Heb. 12.19. like the law, a voice of words, a sound of words, so they hear men spoke, but understand no more than if they speak in a strange language, or if they do, it concerns not them; or if it stirs, 'tis but as the blowing of the wind upon a rock, which blusters for a time; but when the wind is down they are still. Truly they hear the word spoken, but they do not hear God speaking. They heard Latimer speak, but not God speaking, they hear a sound, which every one says, and they think is the word, but they hear not God speaking it.  
One would wonder that those Jews that heard John and his disciples, Moses and the Prophets, nay God's voice from heaven, saying, This is my son, that they should not hear this, and receive him with all their hearts, but they did not hear his voice. One would wonder to see, that such things which a gracious heart thinks, this would draw every heart, yet remain not stirred, things which the devils tremble at, and others which Angels wonder at, yet they hear not. Oh they hear not God speak, they are dead in their graves, fare from God; and there they are kept by the mighty power of Satan, like one in a deep dark cave, kept by fiery dragons under the ground, and the tombstone is laid upon them. If Christ spoke he would make the dead to hear, and the blind to see.  
Use 2. Use 2 Hence see why the Saints find such changes and alterations in themselves when they come to hear; sometimes their hearts are quickened, fed and cherished, healed and comforted, relieved and visited; sometime again dead and senseless, heavy and hardened. Mark 8.17, 18, 21. How is it ye do not under stand? Nay which is more, that the same truth which they hear at one time, should affect them, and at another time doth not; the same thing which they have heard a hundred times, and never stirred them, at last should. The reason is, they heard the Word of God spoken at one time, but not God speaking; and they heard the Lord speaking that same Word at another time; the Lord is in his Word at one time, the Word goes alone at another time; as in Eliab, the Lord was not in the whirlwind, but he spoke in the still voice, and hence there he was to Elijah, Luke 24 25. with 32. not that you are to lay blame on the Lord; for he blows where he listeth; but to make us see 'tis not in outward means, nor 'tis not in our own spirits to quicken ourselves; and to make us ashamed of our own darkness, that when he speaks, yet we cannot hear, there is so much power of spiritual death and Satan yet within us, only out of his pity he speaks sometimes; not that you should despise the outward word; No, no, the Lord is there shining in Perfection of glory, and that which doth thee no good, the Lord makes powerful to some others. But prise the Spirit of God in that Word, which alone can speak to thee.  
Use 3. Use 3 Of dread and terror to all unregenerate men. Hence see the heavy wrath of God against them: they have indeed the Scriptures, and the precious Word of God dispensed to them; but the Lord never speaks one word unto them. If any one from whom we expect and look for love, pass by us and never speak; What not speak a word? and we call to him and he will not speak, we conclude he is angry and displeased with us. You look for love, do you not? you that hear every Sabbath, and come to Lectures, and you must out; 'tis well: yes, you will say, His love is better than life, and frowns more bitter than death; Love? woe to me if the Lord do not love me, better never been born. I hope he loves me. Happy I if the mountains might fall on me, to crush me in pieces if he loves me not, etc. but consider if he loves, he will then speak peace unspeakable to thy conscience when humbled, life to thy heart; joy in the Holy Ghost, Isa. 57.19. John 6.63. 1 Thes. 1.6. but look upon thy soul, and see this day in the sight of God, whether ever the Lord spoke one word to thee: outwardly indeed he hath, but not inwardly; inwardly also, but not effectually, to turn them from darkness to light, and the power of Satan to God, etc. The voice of God is full of Majesty, it shakes the heart; 'tis full of life, it quickens the dead, and light, and peace, and gives wisdom to the simple. Ps. 119. Opening of thy word gives light to the eyes. How many women, ever learning and never knowing, and many men learning and knowing what is said, but never hear God speak? Then know the wrath of the Lord, see and go home mourning under it. There is a fourfold wrath in this.  
1. 'Tis the Lord's sore wrath and displeasure, Zach. 1.2. with ver. 4. If one should expect love from another to do much for him, and be did not, it may be he would not take it as a sign of displeasure: but if he will not do a small thing, not speak a word to him, oh this is bitter; what will not the Lord speak a word, not one word, especially when thy life lies on it, thy soul lies on it, eternity lies on it, especially the Lord that is so merciful and pitiful? this is a sign of fore anger.  
2. 'Tis a token of God's old displeasure, eternal displeasure; I know you cannot hear; hence though God speaks, you hear him not: but why doth not the Lord remove that deafness? you old hearers, that have ears fat with hearing, but heavy, he never intended love, else he would speak there would be some time of love. Rom. 11.7, 8. The Elect have had it, others are blinded, as 'tis written, God hath given them the spirit of slumber, eyes that they should not see, and ears that they should not hear to this day.  
3. 'Tis the Lord's present displeasure. When a man looks for love and speech, and he doth not speak at those times he is not wont to speak; one may take it as no sign of anger: but when the Lord shall speak usually, and then he speaks not, this is a sad sign. 1 Sam. 28.6, 15. He cries out of this, He answers me not by Urim nor dreams, nor thee by the Gospel nor Law, neither where he useth to answer. If this anger were to come, it were some comfort: but when 'tis now upon thee, even that very Sermon and Word whereby he speaks to others, but not a word to thee.  
4. 'Tis his insensible anger: for a fat heart and an heavy ear ever go together; for you will say, I feel no hurt in this, I have heard and been never the better, but yet that hath made me never the worse. Oh poor creature! 'tis because you feel it not; but when the time of misery shall come, you will say, This is woe and load enough, for the Lord to give no answer. Psal. 7●. 9. We see not our Prophets, nor any to tell us how long: so you that despise means you shall then lament and say, none can tell how long. Oh therefore, lament this thy condition now, that the Lord may hear some of your cries, etc.  
Use 4. Use 4 Hence examine whether ever you heard the Lords voice or no: not only outwardly (for that you know you have often done) but inwardly; and not only so, for so ye may do, and yet your ears heavy; but effectually, that if it be not so, you may be humble and say, Lord how have I spent my time in vain? and if it be so, you may be thankful, and say, Lord, what am I that the infinite God should speak to me?  
There is great need of trial of this, for a man may read, hear and understand externally, whatever another may; and yet the whole Scripture a sealed book.  
There are therefore these three degrees, by which you shall discern the effectual voice of God, you must take them jointly.  
1. The voice of God singles a man out, and (though it be generally written or spoken) speaks particularly to the very heart of a man, with a marvellous kind of Majesty and glory of God stamped upon it; and shining in it.  
When a man hears things generally delivered, the blessed estate or the Saints, the cursed estate of the wicked, consolations to the one, curses to the other, exhortations to faith and obedience, to both, and a man sits by, and never thinks the Lord is now speaking, and means me. Or if it doth so, yet thinks he intends me no more than others, he hears not the Lord speaking; for when he speaks, he speaks particularly to the very heart of a man: he doth so fit the word to him, whether it be the Word of the law to humble him, or of Gospel to comfort, or of command to guide, as if the Lord meant none but them.  
The word is like an exact picture, it looks every man in the face that looks on it, if God speaks in it, Heb. 4.12, 13. It searcheth the heart, verse 12. but verse 13. he speaks of God how comes that in? because God, the Majesty of God comes with it when God speaks it; With whom we have to do, why is that put in? because when the Lord speaks, a man thinks now I have to do with God, if I resist I oppose a God. Before this a man thinks he hath nothing to do with God, they are such strangers. Hence it is one man is wrought on in a Sermon, another not. God hath singled out one, not the other that day. Hence take a man unhumbled, he hears many things, and it may be understands not; if so, yet they concern not him; if they do, and conscience is stirred, yet they think man means them, and speaks by hap, and others are as bad as they, and his trouble is not much. At last he hears his secret thoughts and sins discovered, all his life is made known, and thinks 'tis the Lord verily that hath done this; now God speaks, 1 Cor. 14.35. those things he did neither believe nor imagine; &c John 4.29. See the man that hath told me all that ever 1 did. Hence take a soul that is humbled, he hears of the free offer of grace, he refuseth it; why, this is to all, and to hypocrites as well as to me. Apply any promise to it, it casts by all, it looks upon them as things generally spoken, and applied by man, but they hear not God speaking; but when the Lord comes, he doth so meet with their objections, and speaks what they have been thinking may be true, that they think this is the Lord, this is to me. Hosea 2.14. I'lespeak to her heart: and hence 'tis called the ingraffed word, James 1.21. like one branch of many, applied to the stock, Job 33.14, 16.  
2. The voice of the Lord doth not only speak particularly, but it goes further; it comes not only with an Almighty power, but with a certain everlasting efficacy and power on the soul. Thus 'tis here, verse 38. Ye have not his word in you, they had it out of them; and not only in you, but abiding in you, 1 Pet. 1.23. born of incorruptible seed, the Apostle seems to speak of a kind of birth by corruptible seed, and such are like goodly flowers which soon whither, but you are born of incorruptible seed, which hath an eternal savour, sweetness and power. Mat. 13. of the four grounds three of them fall away. John 15.16. Their fruit does not remain: they have some living affection at the present, but they go away and it dies. Look but upon particulars, doth the Lord once speak by the Word, and humble the heart? it never lifts up its head more; doth he reveal the glory of Christ? that light never goes out more. Isa. 60.19. 2 Cor. 4.4, 5. As at the first Creation, there was light, and so continues to this day; so doth he give life, John 11.26. Yond shall never die more; doth he give peace and joy? no man shall take their joy from them. Isa. 32.17. Fruit of Righteousness and Peace, and assurance for ever. Doth he give the Spirit of all these, which Gal. 3. comes by hearing of faith? it shall abide for ever, John 14.17.  
That look as God's love is everlasting, so his words have an everlasting excellency and efficacy in them, and goodness in them, the sweetest token of his love: and as Christ's purchase is only of eternal good things; so the application of this purchase by the Word, 'tis of eternal worth: peace, but peace eternal, life, light, favour, joy, but joy eternal; like mustard seed, though very little, yet mighty in increase, and never subdued again; so that though it be but little, yet 'tis eternal: and hence observe where God hath spoken effectually, the longer the man lives, the more he grows in the virtue and power of the word; another though wonderfully ravished for a time, yet dies, most commonly outwardly in external Profession, but ever in inward savour; so that when you hear the word, and it moves you, affects you, and John is a burning light, and you rejoice therein, but 'tis but for a season. The evil Spirit comes on you, and David plays upon his Harp, and Ministers preach sweet things, but as soon as the Music is done, the evil Spirit returns, I say you never heard the Lords voice. The peace and joy of the Lord enters into Eternity, and the Apostle expressly calls him an unfruitful hearer, James 1.24. that sees his face and forgets himself. A gracious heart can say, This peace shall go to heaven; and joy, and love, and fear, it's part of eternal glory.  
3. The voice of the Lord comes not only thus particularly, and with eternal efficacy, but with such efficacy as carries unto, and centres in Christ; so 'tis here: For him whom God hath sent you believe not. John 6.41. They shall be taught of God: wherein in doth that appear? the shall hear and learn so as to come to me; if the law humbles them, it's such a humbling as drives them unto Christ, poor and undone, Rom. 10.4. if the Word gives peace to them, 'tis such a peace which at the last they find in Christ, Eph. 2.17, 18. with 14. if it live holily, it lives unto Christ, not merely as to God, and to quiet conscience, unto a Creator as Adam, but for Christ's sake. 2 Cor. 5.14, 15. We judge that if we were dead, and Christ died for us, we should then live unto him; if they grow up by the word, 'tis in Christ, Eph. 4.14. though Christ be not mentioned, yet it is strange to see, let the word speak what it will, whether terror; Oh my need of Christ! mercy and grace; oh the love of Christ! oh the blood of Christ! Command; Oh that I may live to honour Christ, and wrong him no more! Duties; Oh the easy yoke of Christ! They look upon the whole Word rightly dispensed as the Bridegroom's voice, and truly his words are sweet.  
For a man may have some such fear, reformation, affection, as may continue, but never carry him out of himself unto Christ. The Pharisees knew the law, were very exact even till their death, profited as Paul said he did; yet they had not the word abiding in them; because not driven out of themselves to Christ, to rest there.  
Hence when men shall hear many things, but to what end do you hear, or what virtue have the things you hear? Do they only please fancy for a time? or do you hear to increase your knowledge and parts? or do you hear for custom and company, and to quiet conscience? or are you affected and sunk, but not driven by all to lay thy head on Christ? the Lord never spoke yet to thee; when the word hath laid you on this foundation, truly its office is done and ended, God's end is now attained, etc.  
Oh try yourselves here, have you heard, but never heard the voice of the Lord, rushing upon thee with Majesty, speaking to thy hearty and the very secrets of it, but have said, This is for others, and when you have thought the man hath spoken to you, your hearts have then swollen against him? or have you thus heard, but all dies and withers like flowers, the same heart still? or have you had some powerful stroke which remains, but it forceth you not out of yourselves to Christ, there to rest, there to joy, there to live, there to die? truly your time hath been spent in vain, you never yet heard the Lord speak. Oh mourn for it, thou art still in thy blood, if he never said Live; in thy bondage, if the Lord never said, Come forth. This is the condition of many to be lamented with tears. But if thou hast thus heard particularly, and though bat little light, life and peace, yet it is of eternal efficacy, and all to draw thee to Christ; then bless the Lord: For blessed are jour ears that hear, and I say as Moses said, Deut. 4.32. Ask, if ever People heard God speaking and live. The Apostle, Heb. 12.24. makes it a greater matter to come to hear God on Mount Zion, and yet live; Blessed be God I live.  
Object. Object. But may not many of the Saints hear, and hear the Lord speak; but not feel this everlasting power and efficacy?  
Answ. I would not lay a foundation of unthankfulness, nor discourage any; Answ. and therefore, note for answer these particulars.  
1. There may be an eternal efficacy of the Word, and yet lie hid, and not felt for a time. The Word is compared, you know, to seed, and that in this respect; the seed it is cast under the clod in the wintertime, and it hath a virtue in it to grow; but it is hid, and comes not to blade of a good while; and when it doth blade, yet it bears not fruit of a long time: So here, the Lord may cast the seed of his Word into the heart; but it is hidden for a time, it is not felt as yet, but there it is; a word of threatening, a word of promise, a word of Command; a man may cast it by, and say, It belongs not to me; a man may slight the command for a time: Yet notwithstanding, the Lord having cast his seed into the heart; it shall spring up. As many a child, the father speaks to it, and applies the word home to it, when it is of some years; the child regards it not: But now stay some time, till the Lord do bring it into some sad affliction; now a man gins to think, I remember what my father spoke to me once, & I regarded it not then: Now this seed which was cast when the child was young, it shall spring up twenty years after. John. 2.22. Christ had said, He would destroy the Temple, and raise it again in three days: Now when he was risen from the dead, his disciples remembered that which he had spoken to them, but they regarded it not before; These things, saith Christ, have I spoken to you whiles I was with you; but when the comforter is come, he shall bring all these words to your remembrance that I have said unto you. One sentence it may be that hath discovered a man's sin, it lies hid; but when the time of ripening draws near, you shall see the word will have marvellous increase; and that sin it may be will bring to mind twenty sins; and that promise of God which gives but a little consolation, considered in itself, it shall give marvellous consolation. One would wonder to see what one word will do, when the Lods time of blessing it is come.  
2. After that a Christian hath had the feeling of the efficacy of the word, he may lose the feeling of it again, and yet the being of it may remain; and the reason is this, partly because there is not always need of feeling the like efficacy in the word. A man may have by the word a marvellous deal of assurance of God's love, and sense of mercy and joy in the holy Ghost, he may have this in the feeling of it: This word, it did lie hid for a time; afterward it springs up and gives him peace. But he loses his peace again, his Sun does set, and it is midnight with him within twenty four hours, and he is as much in the dark as before; Now the being of this peace is there, but he hath no need of the feeling of it at all times; the Lord he will reserve that till some time of tentation, that he shall meet withal. As Paul, he had marvellous Revelations; but Paul had more need of humiliation, than exaltation; and there was not that use of Paul's having those glorious manifestations to him; I will glory in my infirmities: There was need for Paul to know the evils of his heart, that he might walk humbly; and it did not make so much for the glory of the Lord, as this that Paul should say; I have this misery and darkness, and sins, and yet Jesus Christ he will take away all: There was not need for Paul to have those joys at all times, that he had at one time. So the Lord he gives a Christian joy and peace, now there is no need for a Christian to have it always. I will pour floods of water on dry ground: Beloved, if there should be nothing but rain, rain every day and night, the ground would be glutted with rain, and so turned into a puddle; but when the land is dry and thirsty, now the ground hath need of rain: Let the Earth make use of that rain it hath: and when it is dry and thirsty, I will give more, saith the Lord. So the Lord he gives the soul joy and peace; Now, if it should continue, the very peace and joy of God, would not be pleasant to the soul; or at least, not so pleasant as it will be, when the Lord takes it away, and gives it the soul again. A Christian comes to the meetinghouse, and the Lord fills the sails of a poor soul, that he wonders the Lord should meet him, and speak so suitably to him: But as soon as he is gone out again, this is the complaint of the soul, all is lost again; now the soul it falls a mourning again. It is not for the glory of God to give the soul such peace out of his Ordinances, as he doth in them; the soul it would not prise the Ordinances of the Lord so much; yet there it is; and when they come again, the Lord, he either gives them the same refresh again, or else there is a new spring.  
3. The eternal efficacy of the word and voice of God; it may be preserved in an internal spirit of prayer, for the continuance of it while a man hath it, and for the return of it when it is lost. Ps. 119.4, 5. Thou hast commanded us to keep thy precepts diligently. David he knew his own weakness; yet he intimates with what power it came on his heart: Oh! that my soul were directed to keep thy statutes; When the soul sees the beauty of a command, and the good will of God, how sweet it is, and how amiable the way and work of God is, Oh that my heart were directed to keep thy statutes. And so when it is gone, Psal. 63.3. My soul thirsteth after thee, Lord, saith David, that I may see thy glory and power, as I have seen thee in thy sanctuary. He doth not say, that I may see thy glory and power in thy sanctuary, though that might be too; no, but that I may see thy glory and power, as I have seen thee in thy sanctuary. David he did find a want of seeing him as he had done; yet the virtue of it did remain in a spirit of thirsting, and desire; My soul thirsteth for thee, as in a dry land where no water is, that I may see thee. A Christian may have at sometime such a glimpse (in hearing the word) of God's grace, of the exceeding riches of God's grace, and the love of God to him, that he may be in a little heaven at that time, ravished in the admiration of that mercy, that ever God should look to him. It is so, and the word says so, and the soul is ravished with wonderment at it; yet God is gone again, and the soul loses it. Now the soul thinks, I have lost the efficacy of God's word, but it is not so; for thus it may be preserved. Oh that I may see this God as I have done: And all his life-time the soul may find the want of this, and yet it may be preserved in a spirit of prayer. For whom the Lord hath given once a glimpse of his glory; the soul it cannot be at rest, but it breatheth for more of that mercy and presence; a Christian may find his spirit marvellously refreshed at the word, he may taste how good the Lord is, and he may lose it again: but this may be preserved in a spirit of longing after this God, and presence again. And I will say this, Brethren, A Christian may find no good by the word to his apprehension; he sees the admirable blessed estate of the Saints, and exceeding riches of God in Christ, sees the sweetness of the ways of God; goes home and thinks within himself, Happy they that are in this condition: Blessed are they that can walk thus with God; But I cannot, saith the soul. I say it may find it thus, when he cannot find the real efficacy of the word as he would do; he may receive the benefit of that word, if the Lord do but only give him a heart to desire it. Oh that the Lord would but thus manifest himself to me; the soul may go away poor and hungry from the word, and the Lord may yet reserve a spirit of thirsting after that good which a man desires to find; and there is the efficacy of the word there.  
As now there are two golden vessels; one a man fills, and it is everyday dropping, and he preserves it; another vessel he does not fill, but with something that he hath, he is every day widening of it. So some Christians, the Lord he's a filling of them; others, the Lord he does not fill them with such peace and joy; ay, but though the Lord is not filling of them, he is a widening of them: there is such a virtue that the lord does enlarge the heart; with secret desires and long after more of God's grace, and Christ's: The Lord he saith, I intent to make this man a vessel of glory; and I intent he shall have a great deal of glory and peace at the last. The lord he leaves such an impression of the word upon him, as that thereby he enlargeth the heart; Open thy mouth wide, and I will fill it.  
4. A Christian may have the everlasting efficacy of the word and voice of God preserved in a spirit of thankfulness and love to the Lord, for those joys and good that it finds by the word sometimes. When it feels that the sweet and savour of the word is gone, a spirit of thankfulness and love to the word that doth remain; The Lord he preserves the efficacy of the word in this way. Psal. 119.7. I shall, saith David, then praise thee with uprightness of heart, when I shall have learned thy righteous judgements. The Lord he may teach his people his righteous judgements; and the savour and feeling, and strength of them to their feeling may be gone, and yet it is preserved in a spirit of thankfulness and praise that ever the Lord should show it such mercy. When the Spirit is gone, the spirit of love and thankfulness remains. As now a man hath heard the word, the Lord he hath effectually wrought on him, and changed his heart, and drawn him to himself; a Christian it may be he may lose those sorrows and humiliations, and the remembrance of those things; yet there remaineth to his dying day this Spirit, he blesseth God, and wondereth at God, that ever he should make the word effectual; that he should leave so many thousands in the world, and cast his skirt over him, and say to him, Live; this does remain still.  
Brethren, the Lord does sometimes let light into a man's mind to discover his sin: now this light it does not sensibly overcome the power of sin: But now the soul blesseth God for that word which hath convinced it; had I never seen my sin, saith the soul, I should never a sought for power against it, and pardon of it; and this continues now, and cannot but continue; here is the efficacy of the word, the word of God's grace; though the flower of it be gone, yet there is an eternal power of the word; that the soul can say, It hath come to me, and helped me against these sins; and the soul wonders at the Lord, it should be so much as it is. So again, a Christian he finds marvellous refresh and affection whiles he is a hearing; when he is gone away, he finds not the same, but he blesseth God for those affections he finds, and there remains an eternal efficacy of the word.  
5. The eternal efficacy of the word, it may be and is preserved, by nourishing, increasing and restoring the new man that is eternal. There is a double efficacy that the word hath; the first is to beget a Christian to life, and this new man is eternal. I conceive all the actions of the new man may be suspended, and the increasings of the new creature may be decayed, though God doth renew it again: But this never does decay, it never dies: He that is born of God cannot sin, because he is borne of God; and because the seed of God remains in him.  
2. There is efficacy in the word when it hath begotten a man to nourish him up; and so the word it is food to him, that was seed to him to beget him, which food is eternal. How is it eternal? Is it in this, that now the sweetness, savour and remembrance of every thing that doth refresh him, shall last in itself? No, bu● in this respect it is eternal, in that it leaveth its secret virtue in the nourishing of that which is eternal. As now Adam when he was in innocency, and had an immortal body, his food it should have been an immortal food to him; but how should that have been? should he always have had the same strength, from the same diet, which he eaten long before? No, but in this respect it should have been an immortal food to him, in that it was to nourish that which was to be eternal: So it is here, the word of Gods grace it begets a man, it humbles a man, and draws the soul to Christ; but afterwards, there are many things that God speaks to the soul in the word, that hath an eternal virtue, in that it doth nourish up the new creature; the word hath a secret virtue in it for this end. I will show it you thus; Isa. 58.11. The Lord he professes to his People, Thy soul shall be at a watered garden: The Lord will make the souls of his people like watered gardens, in peace, and joy, and life. Now look as if so be trees by water or by some springs that run by it, and slide away, and ye cannot tell, which it is that makes them to grow; yet y● know this, there is in all of them joined together, a secret insensible virtue; that every one of them adds something to the flourishing of the tree: So it is here, the Saints of God, the word of God it comes to them, and passes by them; and ye cannot tell whether this part or that part of the word leave any virtue, but many times a man feels no virtue; yet it is manifest, here is aflourishing Christian, here is heart, and life; and peace that it hath with God, and the soul it remains flourishing; there is a secret virtue, all the words that run by and pass by the souls of God's people, they do leave a marvellous virtue, to make the souls of God's people like watered gardens, and to increase in grace. Note it by the way you that live under the means of grace, your souls shall be like watered gardens; if God have spoken to you first or last, the Lord speaks many times to you sometimes affecting, and sometimes warning, sometimes convincing and humbling, and speaking Peace, and there is a virtue that remains, and if ye find it not, know that God hath not spoken to you.  
6. The eternal efficacy of the word may be preserved in a power of Conflict against the power of sin: for therein the Lords power of the Word does principally appear in this life, though not in a power of victory, I mean a complete victory, yet an imperfect and incomplete victory, there ever is first or last, wherever there is a power of Conflict. I mean thus, the Word it singles a man out, and speaks to his heart, and sets him at variance with his sin, and with himself for his sin, and he joins side with God in the use of all means, that his unbelieving heart and proud Spirit may be subdued; it sets him at variance with his sin; now there is many a Christian thinks there is no power of the Word: oh my unbelief continues still, and my vain mind, and I can find little strength; no, ye must not look for a power of complete victory, but yet there is a power of Conflict; God he sets the soul at an everlasting distance with his sin, never to be reconciled, and looks to the Lord, that by his Word and Spirit he would subdue them, that so he may see the death of them, and he sides with the Lord in the use of all means, comes to the Word, and comes to Prayer, and says, Speak against my sin, Lord; Lord, waste these distempers: and so the soul is thus at variance with his sin, although his temptations do get wind and hill of him, he goes again, and to them again: and though he perisheth, and never have mercy from the Lord; yet, Lord, that I may never sin against thee more, help therefore, Lord, by this promise, and mercy and means; and here he keeps him, and here he holds. Truly, brethren, here is an eternal virtue, and such a virtue as no hypocrites have, that have some sting of conscience, and after they have some peace, they are at truce with their sins. No, there is an everlasting conflict and warfare, and I do assure you there is an everlasting power gone forth. Mat. 12, 20. Christ will not break the bruised reed, nor quench the smoking flax, till judgement come to victory; Therefore there may be judgement, but it may not come to victory, there may be smoke and fire, and it may almost go out, and he Lord he blows it up again, and at the last, though it be weak and little, and he think with himself he shall never get strength again, yet the Lord will give victory in his time.  
Only becautious here; I told you there is an incomplete victory, the Lord never sets his people at variance with their sin, but they have victory, but it is an incomplete victory, Saith the Lord, I will drive out the Hittites, and Canaanitess, and Perizzites before you, but I will do it by little and little. There is many a Christian that finds within himself a Spirit of warfare against his sin, and did he examine himself, he should find a Spirit of victory; but he thinks he hath none because his victory is not complete. If he had a heart so to believe as never to doubt more, and such quickening as never to be dead more, never to departed from God more, now I should think the Word comes with power; but I find that these evils prevail against me. There is many a one does scorn the kindness of Christ, because he finds not complete victory, but darkness remains still, and sinful lusts remain still, therefore the Word doth me no good at all, saith he. The Lord he hath given thee a Spirit of Conflict, and hath set thee at an everlasting distance with thy sin, and he doth give thee some victory. Beloved, a Christian may decay in the power of the grace of Christ, which he hath, received from the Word, and voice of God in the Word, and he may decay and grow to a very low estate; yet be shall find this, the Word of the Lord hath come with power to him, it will recover his soul again, and so the efficacy of the Word is eternal. Psal. 72. it's said of Christ, that his People shall fear him so long as Sun and Moon shall endure, that is, continually, all their life-time. It may be said, there he many that find decay of their service and obedience, and they lose their fear of the Lord, and their dread, and their humble walking before him, He shall come as the rain on the mown grass: many times a Christian hath his flourishing time as the grass, but when the grass is mown, it is as a dry chip; so the soul it may grow dry, as dry as a chip. Now where is your sap and savour? but I tell you, if you belong to the Lord Jesus, the rain it will fall again, the Word of God set on by the Spirit of Christ, it shall fall up. on you as the rain on the mown grass, and you know that it recovers little by little, and puts on a green coat again. Here is the eternal love of the Lord Jesus to his People, and thus the eternal efficacy of the word does continue.  
3. Use is of exhortation. 
3. Use.  Oh Brethren and beloved in the Lord Jesus, may a Christian hear the Word of God spoken, and yet never hear God speak? may he hear it externally and not internally? then rest not in external hearing, and with some little movings, and affections, and stir of the Word of God's grace in hearing. Let not the Word be to you as the sound of many waters, and a noise, no efficacy of the Word that do remain on your souls. Brethren and beloved in Christ, I lay my finger on the sore in these times. Oh the contempt of the Gospel of Christ, though I believe it hath its efficacy in the heart of the Elect: that is the thing that I press, never be content with external hearing, though thou mayest have some affection, and know new things, unless thou find the Lord speaking with an eternal efficacy to thy soul. I conceive two things are to be done, that the word may come with an everlasting efficacy; although something is to be done by Ministers; that is, to preach truth, and Gospel-truth, fetched from heaven which many prayers, and soaked truth with many tears. Ye shall know the truth, and that truth shall make you free. Convicting truth. We preach, saith the Apostle, in the demonstration of the Spirit. The Spirit of God when he cometh, he convinceth the world of sin. Let Ministers do so. Preach convincing truth and Gospel-truth, fetched from heaven, and bathed in tears. Oh brethren, let the fire burn clear, let there not be more smoke than fire, it will never come with power then; convincing Gospel-truth, set on by the demonstration of the Spirit of the Lord, and this will set a Christian at liberty; there is never such a Sermon that the faithful ones of God preach to you; if it come not with a power to loosen you and call you home; it comes with a power to blind you: it is an axe at the root of the trees; but I leave this. What means ought the people to use, that the Word of God may come with efficacy?  
Them that are in their unregenerate estate, the Lord only knows how to work on their hearts; they must come to the outward means. I speak to the Saints of God, I leave others to the infinite mercy of the Lord; It is not in him that willeth or runneth, but in the Lord that showeth mercy. In the use of means.  
1. Means. Do not only see thy infirmities and weakness, but pray to God to give thee a heart bleeding under the sense of thy many infirmities. Many times men slight them, and are not sensible of them; I do not say wickednesses and wilfulnesses, but thy infirmities and weaknesses, get a heart mourning under them. A Christian is made up of infirmities and weaknesses, a man would not think there is that in another, which he knows by himself. Oh brethren, labour for a broken heart in the sense of your many infirmities and weaknesses, darkness and enmity, vanity and unsavouriness, the Lord will have his time to speak to such a soul. Break up the fallow ground of your hearts,— lest my wrath break out with fire: the Lord hath promised to dwell with the poor and contrite. Look as it was with our Saviour Christ, they brought the sick and the lame ones to him, and virtue went but from Christ to heal them all. Bring thy sick and blind heart to Christ, and virtue shall go forth from Christ to heal it.  
2. Draw near to God in the Word, by looking on it as God speaking to thee. We are far from God, and therefore we cannot hear him: draw near to him when you come to the external Word, when you come to hear the Word, hear it as the voice of God; You heard the Word at the Word of God, which you felt in you. 
1 Thes. 2.3  I do not speak that the soul should take every thing that Ministers speak as the Word of God, but that which is the Word of God, take it as God speaking. I am not able to express the infinite unknown sweetness, and mercy, and presence of God, that you shall find thus coming. I know it is a common truth, but I am not ashamed to tell you, I have not for many a year understood this truth, and I see but little of it yet; ye have heard of it, but ye do not understand what it is to hear God speaking. When God hath an intent to harden a man's heart and to damn him, either he shall have aprejudice against the man, or else if he hath not a prejudice against the man, there is a secret loathing of the truth, in regard of the commands of it, and that is all, and the Lord he hardens, and blinds, and prepares for eternal ruin, all the men in the world by this means, that live under the means. When the Lord spoke to Samuel, Samuel heard a voice, but he heard it not as spoken by God, but when he took Elies' counsel, and saw it was the Lord that spoke; now he listens to the voice of the Lord, and now the Lord opens all his mind to him.  
3. Do not trust to the external word. It is a heaven on earth to hear the Word exalted, a glorious thing to hear the Word of God as God's Word; but trust to the free grace of God in it, and the Spirit of God in Christ to set on that Word. When they brought the lame, and blind, and halt to Christ, they looked for the Word and the Power of it; Speak the Word, Lord, and thy servants shall be whole; so bring your blind, lame, and halt souls to Christ, and trust to the free grace of the Lord jesus Christ. The Work of the Lord it shall prosper in his hand; so the Word of the Lord it shall prosper in his hand also.  
Lastly, so seek the Lord, and so hear the Word, so seek the truth, and so hear the truth, as that you lay up your happiness in this world, in closing with the truth and with the word. Brethren, what is a man's happiness in heaven, but to close with God and Christ? I cannot come to God now, the most that I can have of God now is in his word; if it be happiness in heaven to close with God in Christ, truly than it is a man's happiness to close with God in his word on earth; and if it be your happiness, lay up your happiness in it. My son, saith Solomon, if thou wilt hear my word, 
Prov. 3.  let them not departed from thine eyes; keep them in the midst of thy heart; place thy happiness in them. So shall they be life to thy soul. 
Vers. 22.  Nevertheless Brethren, let a man's soul be set upon any thing in the world, when he comes to hear, besides the word; if he lay not up his happiness in closing with the word; truly, the word it will be like a song to him. The Prophet Ezekiel tells them, Their hearts were gone after their covetousness: When a man comes to hear a Sermon, there is a Sermon and the Market, there is a Sermon and a friend to speak withal; and so many young people will go abroad to hear Sermons; What is the end of it? It is, that ye may get wives and husbands many of you; but it is not your blessedness to close with the Lord in his word. I have known some men that have had a distaste against the truth of the Lord; and I have known them for many a day, they have not been able to understand the truth of the Lord. When it shall be thus with a man, that a man's heart is set on something else besides the word of the Lord, that it is not my happiness to close with the truth of the Lord; such a man shall never understand the truth of the Lord. Though the word be sweet to you sometimes, if your blessedness do not lie in this, to enjoy God; Oh this Gospel of God, and these Commands of God, that your blessedness do not lie in cleaving to the Lord in his word; I say, it is a certain truth, you shall be blinded and hardened by the word: For here is a Rule; Whatsoever a man's heart is set on, as his chiefest good, the presence of that good it comes with power: So here, the precious Gospel of Christ, when the presence of it commands the heart, nothing is good enough for it, and it closeth with it, and with Christ in it.  
I beseech you therefore, Beloved in Christ, set upon the use of these means, think within yourselves; What if the Lord had left me without the word? I will tell you what ye would have been. Look upon these poor Indians, herds of Beasts; look upon others on their Alebenches, enemies to the Lord, such a one thou hadst been.  
This blessed word and woice of God, every very tittle of it cost the blood of Christ; written all the lines of it in the blood of Christ. Oh, make much of it, and it will make much of you; it will comfort you, and strengthen you, and revive you; and if the word come not with power, ye shall be under the power of something else; if not under the power of the word, then under the power of some lust. What is the reason that these poor creatures, that are come to the trial for life and death, that have fallen into such sins as were never heard of? What is the reason that they are under the power of their lusts? I will tell you what Solomon saith, My son, if wisdom enter into thy heart, and discretion be pleasant to thy soul, it shall keep thee from the strange woman, & sinful companion. If it be pleasant, here is the reason, the word of Gods grace it never came with power, or if it came with power, powerless the word of God's grace hath been to them; and because it hath not come with power, the Lord he hath given them over to the power of their lusts, and sinful distempers. Oh Brethren, truly I cannot see how any man can maintain any evidence of God's electing love; that shall hear and hear, and good days mend him not, nor bad day's pair him: that can commend a Sermon, and speak of it; but that efficacy is not known to him, neither doth he mourn for the want of it; but the eternal efficacy thereof is a stranger to it. 1 Thes. 1.5. Knowing, saith the Apostle, your election of God; How did he know it? For saith he, Our Gospel came not to you in word, but in power; ye will rejoice the hearts of your Ministets, when the word comes with power. Let me say this, and so I conclude.  
I remember the Lords threatening; I will take away the staff of bread, and ye shall eat, and shall not be satisfied; When the Lord shall let men have the word, when the Lord shall not take away the word, but the staff of the word. Suppose you poor Parents, Fathers, and Mothers; your families should have good Corn, but when you come to eat it, no strength at all, but ye die and wear away; and others that are about you, they have planted the same Corn, and eat and are satisfied; What will ye do in this case? You would set apart a day of fasting and prayer; and say, Good Lord, what a curse is upon me? my poor children are dying before me, others have the staff of Corn; but my Family have no strength at all. Ye would mourn if it were thus with your poor Cattles. Oh, for poor Creatures to have the word, but the efficacy of it to be taken away; no blessing, no power at all. Oh poor Creatures, go and say! Oh the the curse of God that lies on me, the wrath of God that lies on my servants, it is a heavy plague. But Oh the sweetness and excellency of it, when a Christian shall find everlasting virtue and efficacy conveyed to him by the word.  
All you that are before the Lord this day, ye shall see an end of all perfection; but eternal things are not they worth something? You shall see an end of all delights and contentments; but this shall comfort you when you are a dying, that the word which you attended upon the Lord in, such peace, and such consolation I have found by it; and the efficacy of that word than remains with you; nay, goes to heaven with you. I commend you therefore to the word of His grace, which is able to build you up unto an eternal inheritance amongst them that are sanctified, Acts 20.32.  
FINIS.   

THE Table.  

B.  
EVery one to whom the Gospel comes, bound to Believe. pag. 147  
Objections against Believing answered. p. 147, 148  
Bondage caused by casting off the Lord's Government. p. 4, 5  
God hath divers ways and means of Bondage. Ibid.  
— By laying open to the Inroads of foreign enemies. Ibid.  
— Turning the edge of lawful Authority against us. p. 12  
— Giving up to be oppressed of one another, p. 13  
— Taking away of good Governors from us. p. 14  
— Giving up to Satan and our own lusts. ibid.  
A miserable Bondage to be under the rule of our lusts. ibid.  
God brings into Bondage, that we may know the better how to prise and use Liberty. p. 17  
Why some are given up to the Bondage of lusts, who seemed to be delivered from it. p. 25  
Difference between the Saint's Bondage under sin, and others. p. 26, to 30  
God hath many ways to bring into Bondage, though never so unlikely, when his Government is cast off. p. 135   

C.  
CHrist himself to be received, not his benefits only. p. 33. When the soul receives Christ himself. pag. 35  
Come to Christ for strength to do his will. p. 44 See Will of Christ.  
The benefit of coming to Christ for strength. p. 46  
How men refuse to do this. p. 47  
Great skill thus to come to Christ for strength. p. 48  
Wherein to submit to Christ. p. 145  
Means to submit to Christ. p. 151  
Christ the true Messiah proved by 4. Testimonies. p. 153  
What was the Father's Testimony. p. 154  
Civil government to defend the Church. p. 10  
Church, Christ's Kingdom. p. 52, 53  
Threefold power of Christ in the Church. p. 53 See Power  
Church the highest Tribunal of Christ on Earth, p. 78  
What is meant by the words, Tell the Church. Matth. 18.17.  
What power given the Church jointly. p. 79 See power.  
Neglect of living in Church-society. p. 80  
Church-Members to edify one another. p. 84 See Edification.  
Miscarriage of Church-Members. p. 107, 109  
No one form of Civil-government, jure divino. p. 112  
Commonwealths when ordered according to Christ's will, are his Kingdom. p. 110  
The evil of lose Company. p. 120  
A powerful Conflict against corruption, a note of the efficacy of the Word. p. 183  
Gods laws only bind Conscience. See Laws.  
The Lord's end's gracious in his Corrections. p. 3  
Breach of Covenant, a provoking sin. p. 55, etc.  
— Procures the desolation of Churches. p. 56, 57  
Saints may break Covenant, but not impenitently. p. 58   

D.  
DIfference between God's service and the service of others. p. 4, & 143, 144 See Service.  
Difference of the Saints bondage under sin and Satan from others. p. 26, to. 30. See Bondage.   

E.  
THe duty of Church Members to Edify one another. pag. 84  
Means of Edification. p. 85. to 91  
Hindrances of mutual Edification. p. 92  
— In doing good. ibid.  
— In receiving good. p. 94  
Of the Efficacy of the word of God. See Word.  
Feeling the Efficacy of the word, an evidence of Election. p. 183  
The Lords End's gracious in his Corrections. See Corrections.  
Error and Heresy dies by opposition, Truth thrives the more. p. 117   

F.  
FOrsaking the Lord, the provoking sin. pag. 2.   

G.  
GOD to be justified in his judgements. pag. 3  
Not to be subject to God, is to make God subject to our lusts. p. 4, 5  
God will not serve men's lusts. p. 6  
Casting off the Lord's Government, brings bondage. p. 4, 5  
Gods Government over his people, twofold outward and inward. p. 7, 8  
Gods external Government, either in Church or Commonwealth. p. 9  
To be under Christ's Government, the sweetest Liberty: p. 18  
When the Government of Christ is cast off. p. 30  
Wherein the inward Government of Christ consists. p. 31, etc.  
Motives to come under Christ's Government. p. 143  
Difference between Christ's Government and others. See Difference.   

H.  
Our Happiness to be placed in closing with the Word. pag. 191  
A man may Hear the Word, and not hear God speaking it. p. 156. and why. p. 159  
Why the Saints find such alterations in themselves when they Hear the Word. p. 161, 162  
How to know whether we have Herd the Lord's voice in the Word. p. 165. to 170.  
Whether a man may not Hear the Lord speak, and yet not feel the efficacy thereof, p. 173  
Rest not in outward Hearing. p. 187  
How to Hear the Word effectually. ibid.  
— Come to Hear, mourning under the sense of infirmities. p. 188  
— To Hear God speaking in the word. p. 189   

I.  
THings Indifferent not to be restrained by a Law. p. 129  
Setting up humane Inventions, casting off Christ's head-ship. p. 60  
Just with God that those that would not be under his Government, should be under the power of lust. p. 16  
God to be Justified in all his judgements. p. 3   

K.  
CHrists Kingdom puts not down the Kingdoms of the world. pag. 111  
In the Kingdoms of the world there is a double power. ibid.  
Knowledge twofold, notional and experimental. p. 4.  
Two degrees of Knowing God in this life. p. 155   

L.  
TWo things chief occasion the breach of all Laws. p. 118  
Gods Laws only absolutely bind Conscience. p. 123. and why. ibid.  
All good Laws either expressly mentioned in the word, or deduced from it. p. 124  
Why all Laws should be according to the Word. p. 125  
Humane Laws agreeable to the Word, bind Conscience secondarily, and why. p. 126  
What a Christian should do, in case Laws be not according to the word. p. 127  
How to know when agreeable to the word. ibid.  
All Laws to be made for public good. ibid.  
Things indifferent not to be restrained by Law. See Indifferent.  
Laws for public good to be submitted unto, though prejudicial to private, and why. p. 129, 130  
Of breach of Laws merely penal. p. 130. and mixed. p. 131  
Why God often deprives Churches of their Liberties. p. 18  
In places of Liberty most danger of Licentiousness. p. 134  
Liberties of God's people, the price of Christ's blood. p. 137  
How many ways Liberty may be abused. p. 138. to 140  
Love to Christ's will and members, an evidence that we are under his Government. p. 148  
How great a sin to neglect this. p. 150  
God will not serve our Lusts. See God.   

M.  
WE must be subject to the civil Magigistrate, and why. p. 113  
When this subjection is cast off. p. 114  
— Whether he may punish sins against the first Table. p. 115, 116  
— May not make what laws they please. p. 118  
Ministers how to preach. p. 187   

O.  
Pour of Church- Officers. See Power.  
The evil of not submitting to them. p. 104, 105  
What need there is of this Doctrine at present. p. 109  
Men apt to cast off Ordinances for temporal advantage, and the greatness of the sin of it. p. 62. to 68  
Secret pollution of Ordinances drives the Lord away from them. p. 68 and what those pollutions are. p. 69  
To come to Ordinances and not to Christ in them, is to cast off Christ. p. 72  
We must not be content with some movings in Ordinances, but receive the power of the life of Christ. p. 75  
God gives not such comfort out of Ordinances as in them. p 176. and why.   

P.  
LOok not for an earthly Paradise of Christ. p. 141  
Seldom a Persecutor, but he is an Adulterer. p. 119  
Supreme Power of Christ in his Church. p. 54  
When this is cast off. p. 55  
What Power given to the Church jointly. p. 79, etc.  
Power of binding and losing. p. 82  
Power of Church-Officers. p. 95  
What Power they have not. p. 97. to 99  
What Power they have. p. 99 to 109  
The sin of those that usurp it. p. 100  
The Power of Officers more than the Power of Members. ibid.  
How Ministers are to Preach. p. 187   

S.  
WHat meant by Service. p. 3  
Difference between God's Service and others. See Government and Difference.  
The Sin of Servants, not subject to their Masters. p. 131, 132  
— Of such as live under no Masters, p. 132  
Sin cause of War. p. 2  
Sins for which God cast s people from under his Government. p. 23, 24  
Soldiers not to neglect the commands of their Leaders. p. 121  
Spiritual refreshments, abundant recompense for temporal distresses. p. 142  
Of coming to Christ for Strength. See Christ.  
Not to be Subject to God, is to make him Subject to us. p. 4, 5   

T.  
WHat reason we have to be Thankful for the Liberties we enjoy. pag. 136  
Means of Thankfulness. p. 137  
God takes his own Time to punish those that cast off his Government. p. 11  
Townsmen ought to be obedient to Town-Orders. p. 122   

V.  
HOw to know whether we have heard the Lords Voice. p. 165  
Gods Voice in the word, singles a man out in particular. p. 166  
— Is of everlasting efficacy. p. 168, etc.  
— Carries home to Christ. p. 170  
Victory against sin, either incomplete or complete. p. 185   

W.  
TRansgression cause of War. p. 2  
The whole soul must close with the whole Will of Christ. p. 38  
Will of Christ directing or correcting. p. 39  
— Cast off either in judgement or practice. p 42  
We must submit to Christ's Will by Christ's strength. p. 44. For Christ's ends. p. 49  
Gods Wisdom seen in subordination of all things to himself. p. 10  
A twofold Word of God outward and inward. p. 157.  
The inward Word double effectual or ineffectual. ibid.  
The efficacy of the Word may lie hid. p. 173  
— After it hath been felt, the sense of it may be lost again. p. 174  
Not needful always to feel a like efficacy of the Word. p. 175  
— Preserved in a Spirit of prayer, and longing after it. p. 176  
— And thankfulness for the good we have found. p. 179  
A double virtue in the Word to beget and nourish. p. 181  
Efficacy of the Word appears in a power of conflict against corruption. p. 183  
Trust not to the outward Word, but to the grace of God with it. p. 190  
Place our happiness in closing with the Word. p. 191  
Every tittle of the Word cost the blood of Christ, p. 193  
If not under the power of the Word, we are under the power of lust. ibid.  
The curse of God on those that enjoy the Word, and receive no benefit by it. p. 194  
The comfort of the Word remains till death; yea, unto eternal Life. ibid.   
FINIS