A brief and perfect JOURNAL OF The late Proceed and Success of the English Army in the WEST-INDIES, Continued until June the 24 th'. 1655.  
TOGETHER WITH Some Quaeres inserted and Answered.  
Published for satisfaction of all such who desire truly to be informed in these particulars.  
By I. S. an Eyewitness.  Veritas nudata celari non potest. 
London, Printed 1655.   

A brief and perfect Journal of the late Proceed and Success of the English Army in the West-Indies, continued until June the 24 th' 1655..  
IN all Records, ancient or modern (of the actions and transactions of Kingdoms and Nations) there is not to be seen more suitable successes attentending strange and occult proceed, then lately in the West-Indies; and although the managing of so grand affairs (and matters of high concernment) were committed to some who had the repute of being well principled, valiant and politic in War, yet there wanted not means to frustrate the design, (and expectations of most men) the particulars whereof I shall deliver in as brief and true manner as possibly I may; but before I proceed further, it will not be amiss to insert these Queries with their Resolutions.  
1. Whether or not the setting forth of this Army were really intended for the glory of God, and propagation of the Gospel.  
2. Whether those that were of this Army were fit instruments to be employed in the exaltation of God's work, and pulling down of Antichrist.  
3. And lastly, whether the hand of Almighty God hath not been plain and manifestly seen in opposition to their actings and proceed.  
To the first is answered, That after divers serious debates and results (pro and con) it was at length resolved (by the Supreme Authority and Council of State) to send an Army into the Western-Indies: what preparation was made, is not unknown to most of the Nation; but for what or against whom, was scarce understood by any (except some few superiors) and for this cause divers conscientious men (who preferred the service of God, before that of men; and treasure in Heaven, beyond riches and honour on Earth) scrupled the design, and deserted the service: For what zealous heart would willingly embrace an unknown enterprise, which might perhaps tend to his own destruction sooner than his Enemies, by endeavouring to pull that down which God hath set up, and to set up that which he never called him unto? Shall a multitude perish through means of some few particular men, (in fulfilling that proverb) by pinning their faith on others sleeves? hath not God conferred as much of the gifts of grace and nature on the mean men of the world, as on those of the greatest rank and dignity? doth honour add zeal, riches, valour? or have the most eminent in office and command, always the greatest eminency of wisdom and conduct? certainly we have found otherwise, for oftentimes such involve themselves in eminent and irrecoverable dangers, nor is it always pregnancy of wit, valour and discretion (although these be famous in war) that gives the victory, but God that worketh all in all, and who can say, What dost thou?  
To conclude the design to be altogether grounded on a wrong and corrupt principle, were to accuse our Grandees with folly, irreligion, and what not; when indeed it is beyond the ability of man to pry into the secret thoughts and intents of the heart, 'tis only the Almighty can do it; and although there may be a probable conjecture given of the intent of the workman, by the instrument he taketh in hand, yet God hath been sometimes pleased to make the wicked, instruments of good; but it doth not therefore follow, that such should be employed in good works, neither the servants of God in bad; all created things move in their proper sphere; the natural man acts in his natural function, and mindeth only the things of the world; and the spiritual man (although he be in the world) is not of the world, but mindeth the things of the Spirit, and the fulfilling of the glory of God, whose power and justice is as well seen in the destruction of the wicked, as preservation of the righteous.  
Now to return to the good intent of the Cause whereof I treat, if we reflect upon the consequence of actions, it will soon appear, there was nothing less aimed at, than God's glory, and establishment of the Gospel, nor nothing more coveted, then gain to themselves, and establishment in the rich possessions of others; but servants often disobey the command of their Masters, and act contrary to his will and pleasure, 'tis possible it might be so now, and that might cause their greater punishment.  
If we look upon this expedition in reference to the lawfulness thereof (as it is in itself) we may find (by these following considerations) that it was both lawful, just, and warrantable by the Word of God, and Law of Nations. First, in regard those they went out against were Idolaters, Heretics, and Members of the false Church. Secondly, For that they (some years since) most wickedly and inhumanely murdered and destroyed divers of our Nation that traded peaceably with them in the West-Indies. Thirdly, There was no breach of League in the prosecution of this War, there being no Articles of peace or cessation in force betwixt both Nations, to the southward of the Tropic. Lastly, Conquest is free to all people, no Law of Nations can prohibit the power of the Sword, 'tis only God that sets its bounds and limits, and where his pleasure is, it should make a final conquest, there is it free inheritance to the Conqueror, and his successors. By that power did the Normans invade and conquer England, since which time there hath no less than 25. Kings and Queens successively (although not successfully) reigned: by the same power was there lately a period put to that government, and a new established: by this power had the Kingdom of France been subject to the Crown of England, and by the same power again recovered; by this power are the Turks and Infidels (at this day) possessors of the best and fruitfullest parts of the earth; and by the same power Julius Caesar became conqueror of the whole world; Many and incredible are the difficulties and admirable exploits run through and performed by this power, and that sometimes by a weak hand, for when the Omnipotent punisheth the wicked, and correcteth his own people, he often maketh choice of one and the same means to be instrumental for both.  
And thus much for the legality of the cause by which we must not measure the good intent; if we do, we may deceive ourselves, for as hath been said, the very actions and deportments of this Army was such, that no good at all might be expected from them, either in their intent or proceeding: To condemn all, because many were guilty, were an act of much injustice, some might be better principled, otherwise of all Armies were they most miserable, but the bias of riches and honours many times carrieth men headlong to destruction.  
A Commonwealth of people, is as man's body, some member may be corrupted, and yet the vitals preserved, and the head not impaired; in such cases the skilful Chirurgeon, that takes care to keep and preserve the Microcosm, dismembreth that part from the rest of the body, that might otherwise destroy the whole fabric.  
Those who are called unto high places, (and bear rule and dominion over Nations) ought not only to be  with true zeal and wisdom, but also valour and State policy, that so the gifts of Grace and Nature being united, they may (as pious Patrons, and good Surgeons) preserve the body of the Nation, in spiritual and temporal health.  
God hath already begun a good work amongst us, and let not England now despair of such a Governor, there are yet some consequences to be shown, that the primary intents of our Grandees, were nothing suitable to the following actings, or rather misactings of this Army. Grapes could not be expected from thorns, nor figs from thistles, but rather that the bad tree should be cut down and cast into the sire. England is now very populous, and the abundance of fruitless trees so encumber the vines, that they cannot fructify; the late Civil war hath yet left some species of malignancy, the sores and corruptions of the Nation are not healed, because not cleansed, for the tincture of ungodliness is yet savoury in their palates; men of desperate fortunes have desperate means of remedy; they subsist not by sweat of their own brow, but reap the fruit of others labours, sowing the seed of sedition, and abominable wickedness in a Land where they have no right inheritance; Can a Christian Commonwealth flourish either in godliness, plenty, or peace, when it abounds with such profane vile caterpillars, and corrupters of all good manners? Is it not justice in God, and wisdom in man to expel such unworthy and unwelcome guests from among his people? Ireland hath already a sufficient share, and Barbadoes, (with the rest of those small Islands, subject to this Dominion, who were wont to be a receptacle for such vermin) are now so filled, that they vomit forth of their superfluities into other places.  
Can there be a less cruel, and more just means used then to employ such in a Foreign War? the Indies are spacious, pleasant and rich, too rich indeed for either the vicious inhabitants, or no less vicious invaders. But those whom England sent forth on this first expedition, were not many, their number was completed elsewhere, and the design being advanced with much secrecy (even to the Members of the Army itself) manifestly argueth what they were which were intended for that service; even such who willingly proceeded although they knew not whither.  
That which now remaineth, is the proof of the Cause, whether really intended for God's glory, and propagation of the Gospel (as was first propounded) The arguments and consequences conducing to the confirmation hereof, are briefly comprehended in this, That if it had pleased God in mercy (for the righteous sake) to prosper the proceed of the wicked, and to give the Spaniards and their rich possessions into the hands of those who were more sinful than themselves, that then there would be a fair gap opened for the enriching divers good people of the Nation, and utter extirpation of all idle, profane and irreligious ones that should be sent over as soldiers and servants into this new conquered Commonwealth, that so, (all impediments being removed) the glory of God (above all things else) might be exalted, and the Gospel have free passage and recourse throughout the Dominions.  
Secondly, whether the instruments were suitable to the work, hath been in part already resolved, but more fully will appear in the following Journal, wherein is declared what and whence they were that acted, also what and where their actions were from time to time, together with the manner of success.  
In the whole written Word of God may not be seen in any one instance, that ever he employed those of his people (in his intended work and service) which remained polluted in their sins and wickedness, but always first brought them (by some means or other) unto true humiliation and repentance; and this was sometimes performed by gi●●●g part of them over to be destroyed of their enemies: in which is seen (that by God's permission) good is sometimes acted by means of the wicked; good consequences may be drawn from bad subjects, as in the former sense; but that ever such should persevere in any good or godly work (as to the completing thereof) is not only very improbable, but impossible, for that which is divided against itself, cannot stand: humane reason will also tell us that any rare and curious piece of work cannot be performed by dull and unfit instruments.  
But to return to the resolutions of the third and last Quaere, That the hand of God hath been plain and manifestly seen in opposition to their actions, doth not only appear in the manner of success, but also of proceeding, and that in so miraculous a manner, that scantly any age may parallel; God indeed confounds the counsels of the high and mighty, and turneth their wisdom into mere foolishness: That an Army so numerous, strong and well provided, should be so cowed out, beaten, and shamefully repulsed, by less than a handful of men, in comparison, was certainly the work of God, and it is marvellous in our eyes. O that men could be sensible of the guilt of sin, and humble themselves by repentance before destruction sweep them hence that they be no more seen; or that they could take ensample by the destruction of others to persist no longer in the ways of wickedness! But such was the obdurate hearts, and seared consciences of this people, that neither blessings nor curse could mollify; the golden Calf was already set up in their hearts, and although Aaron were present with them, yet there wanted a Moses to destroy it, and supplicate the Almighty to avert his just judgements from a people that were so exceeding sinful.  

Now followeth the Journal itself, wherein is described each proceeding and action in due place as they happened (with all things pertinent thereunto). Whereby the judicious and impartial Readers may at leisure give that solid and just construction of each particular matter according as the justness or unjustness of the cause requireth, which probably (through haste, multiplicity of business, and a troubled spirit) I may 〈◊〉 have so well performed in resolution to the former Quaeres.  
AFter it was absolutely resolved to send an Army into the West-Indies, preparations were accordingly made as well by Land as Sea; the Generals appointed for both were his Excellency Rob. Venables, and the Right Honourable William Pen; (men who had seen much of God's actings for his people, in going in and out before them to their deliverance, and crowning their endeavours with many glorious and triumphant Victories) Divers good Ships and Friggots were allotted for this service, (had they been but as well Victualled and Manned) and all Seamen that were willing to proceed in the service, received entertainment; but for want of a due compliment, many Freshwater Sailors, and others, were pressed. Drums were also beaten up for such Voluntary Soldiers as were willing to serve the Commonwealth beyond Sea; which gave encouragement to several who go by the name of Hector's, and Knights of the blade, with common Cheats, Thiefs, Cutpurses and such like lewd persons, who had long time lived by the sleight of hand, and dexterity of wit, and were now making a fair progress unto Newgate, from whence they were to proceed towards Tiborn; but considering the dangerousness of that passage, very politicly directed their course another way, and became Soldiers for the State. Some slothful and thievish servants likewise (to avoid the punishment of the Law, and coveting a yet more idle life) followed after in the same path; there was also drawn forth out of most of the old standing Regiments, (such as were newly enlisted) to complete the number. For those who were better principled, and knew what fight was, were (as it should seem) reserved for a better purpose, some few only excepted, which were as a mixture of little wine with much water, the one losing its proper strength and vigour, and the other thereby little imbettered. And thus went on the preparation by Land whilst the Ships were Rigging, Victualling and Manning; the general Rendezvous for the Navy and Army was at Portsmouth and thereabouts; where (by the 10. of November, 1654.) most of the Ships were arrived, and such proportions of Victual and other necessaries ordered to be completed, as each Vessel could conveniently store; some that was defective was also exchanged, notwithstanding there remained much in the Fleet. There likewise the Sailors and Soldiers received some wages for better encouragement before their departure.  
On the 18. of December following, divers Companies of Soldiers were shipped, and the Rear Admiral (having orders) set sail accordingly with his Squadron the next day. Within few days after followed the Generals with the remainder of the Fleet and land Army, consisting in all of about 3000 men, divided into five Regiments, besides Commissioners, Treasurers and other Officers of the States. The next Rendezvous appointed, was the Island of Barbadoes, whither it pleased God to grant them a fair passage and safe arrival, and that within four days one of another, so that the whole Fleet being about 30. sail, (one half being Victuallers) were riding together in Calile Bay by the first day of February, there remaining behind only two Ships of the Commonwealths (the Great and Little Charity) which proved afterwards prejudicial to the Army, in their proceeding, not only in respect of the proper signification of their names, (which indeed in that sense were both wanting) but quality of their loading, the one being ordered to carry Mortar Pieces, Granado shells, and store of other Ammunition, and the other, Horses with Arms and furniture for Horsemen; but through what intent or policy they were left in England, more than an ordinary capacity cannot apprehend, and although expedition be said to be the life of Action, yet though inconsiderate rashness, many a gallant Design and Action are merely overthrown.  
Immediately after the arrival of the Fleet (as aforesaid) the Soldiers were all put on shore, and distributed into several quarters on the Island, where they had allowed such diet as the Country afforded (which was none of the worst.) The Carpenters of each Ship were ordered to set up those Shallops with expedition which were brouhgt over in quarters out of England; and all the Cooper's were busied in trimming and fitting of water casks. In mean season, two Frigates with a Commissioner and others were dispatched to the Islands of Christopher's and Meaves, for the raising of as many Volunteers there as was thought convenient; neither were the Colonels and other Officers at Barbadoes negligent in completing their Regiments and Companies, and raising new: the Islanders likewise contributed of free cost to set forth a troop of gallant Horse, for the furtherance of this service, the carcases whereof were afterwards (at the Island of Hispaniola) either eaten for want of other food, or there left behind for the use of the enemy. During the abode of the Fleet at Barbadoes, divers Dutch Vessels (near 20. in number) were made prize, whereof some were there found at Anchor, others the Frigates that were a crusing at Sea, brought in, and that in regard they presumed to traffic thither with such commodities as were prohibited by the late Articles of peace concluded betwixt both Nations. The Victuallers taken was employed to the use of the Navy, and the Vessels for transportation of Soldiers.  
It's also remarkable, that in this mean time, there was an order for all Boys belonging to the Fleet, (although not supernumeraries) to be canceled out of the States Books, and for the future not to have any allowance of diet, or wages, notwithstanding there was no care taken for their transportation homewards, or disposal otherwise, they still remaining in the Ships, became burdensome to those on whom they had dependency, in participating of such Victual as they had sparingly allowed for themselves, but the hand of providence (as it should seem) willing in part to ease them of this burden, a Shark fish devoured at one time two youths belonging to a State's ship, as they were swimming near the Vessel; all that may be attributed to the good intent of this rigorous order, was for the better Husbanding of vital provisions, and to prolong the time of Victualling, but this, (with other matters) if it be not treason to speak it) might have been more seasonably performed at home.  
The new Shallops being launched, and the Fleet furnished with fresh water and other necessaries, were in a readiness to departed, the field Army was also drawn down and shipped, they being now so numerous, that each Ships share were as many as they could well carry.  
March the 31. they set sail from that Island, and within two days passed betwixt the Islands of Martenico and Sancta L●sia, where they anchored that night; the day following they weighed from thence, and passing by the small Islands of Dominica, Guardo Lupo, Monserat and Meaves; the 6. of April came by the Lee under Christopher's, where those Voluntary Soldiers that came off from that Island, and the next adjacent, were already shipped in prizes there taken, and awaited only the motion of the Fleet, the number of these were about 1300. which together with the other Barbarians (viz. men of Barbadoss) completed 5000. besides Women and Children, whom (out of ill grounded confidence, and high presumption) they had brought along with them, which made them seem rather as a people that went to inhabit some Country already conquered, then to conquer: but for this perhaps they had too good a Precedent.  
What manner of Soldiers these Planters proved, may soon be imagined, for if we look with an impartial eye, upon the major part of those that came out of England to be (as indeed they were) raw Soldiers, Vagabonds, Robbers and runagate servants, certainly these Islanders must be the very scum of scums, and mere dregs of corruption, and such upon whose endeavours, it was impossible to expect a blessing.  
But to return to the Fleet, who now shaped their course towards the Island of Hispaniola, conceiving it requisite to reduce that by the way, as well for refreshment of the Army, as to keep men in action until (the long expected) arrival of more Granado shells, and Mortar pieces, there being only one in the Fleet, besides some wooden ones, lately made, which were deemed unfit for so great an enterprise as was intended.  
April the 8. they passed by Sanct 1 Cruse, and the day following was ordered to be observed (throughout the Fleet) as a day of Humiliation for the good success of the Army, but one day was not effectual for the humbling of those who had remained so many years obdurate in wickedness. The next Island was that of Saint John, and having gained the length of the Wester end thereof, the dtstance to Hispaniola was 22. Leagues.  
The Colonels and other Officers were now ordered to get their men in readiness to land, and to augment the number, there was drawn forth a Regiment of rugged Sailors, whose manners argued them better fed then either instructed in the principles of Christian Religion, or rudiments of marshal discipline.  
April the 13. they came fair by the Island and plainly discovered the Town of Domingo, and after some consultation had (with the pretended Pilots and guides) for the better landing, and conduct of the Army to the Town) the Land General, with a Squadron of Ships, 7000 foot Soldiers, a Troop of Horse, and three day's provision of Victual) went farther to leeward and landed (the day following) in safety, some ten leagues to the Westward of the Town.  
No sooner were they all landed (having no opposition) but they began to promise to themselves mountains of gold, nothing busied their minds and thoughts more, than the riches of the place, their talk was all of the money, plate and gallant plunder they were like to have; but they were soon taken off from these vain hopes, Proclamation being then made (in the head of the Army) to this effect, That when they should enter into the Town (not including the pleasure of God in the business) they should not plunder any money, plate on jewels, neither kill any tame Cattles, upon pain of death.  
Thus may be seen the Avaricious intents of some (more than ordinary) men, who desire rather to heap up to themselves abundance of treasure, (enjoy fair houses, rich Plantations, & all things futable thereunto) then to glorify God in their actions, making the price of blood their Inheritance, and that before they know whether they shall first obtain, or afterward live to possess.  
The chiefest part of the Army thus landed, gained but evil encouragement by the late Proclamation, yet (after some signals of discontents) on they marched in a way that directed through woods of incredible thickness, receiving little or no opposition, except the excessive heat of the Sun, and intolerable drought that oppressed them, having not had (in many miles march) one drop of water, those who took upon them to conduct the Army in the most commodious ways and passages near water, proved but blind guides, and decived them, so that some became exceeding faint, scantable to march, (others were necessitated to drink their own Urine) and all in general so extremely weakened, that it was wonderful to behold.  
The Ships that landed them, soon after turned up to Windward unto the General, who continued with the Fleet plying to and again within view of the Town, only one Squadron were commanded into a Bay two leagues to the Westward of the Town of Domingo, whereinto a large Freshwater River disburdeneth itself; there the remnant of the Army (being three Regiments) were landed, and that within two days after the other, the place appointed for conjunction of both parties was at this River, notwithstanding Colonel Bullard. with those Regiments, (without any farther order) marched towards the Town, and (for want of water) soon retreated, performing not any thing worth the memory. By this time the Land General with the main body of the Army came up, and after some short refreshment at the River, proceeded also towards the Town, but before they came within three miles thereof, a small party of the enemy suddenly encountered the forlorn hope (consisting of 500 men) and forced them to an unseemly retreat; the next Regiment (with some others) seconding, were also repulsed, and the General himself (left in a loan condition) very hardly escaped; the body of the Army coming up, the Spaniards at length retreated into a Fort of theirs, not far distant from thence, and some pursuing, were cut off with the great shot from the Fort, which was situate near the Sea side, and commanded that passage through the wood to the Town. In this exploit some were lost on either part, but the greatest number slain were English, amongst which Captain Cox (the chief guide for that place) was one.  
The General taking into consideration the disability of the Army at that time, and exceeding want of water amongst them (there being none betwixt that and the Town, except in the former Fort, which as it was none of the strongest fortifications, being only a plain brick wall, triangular and without flankers, yet was it furnished with nine piece of good Ordnance, and about 300. desperate fellows to manage them, and there remained little hopes that those who even then received so much damage by less than half that number (in the highway) should now storm and take the place by sudden assault, without eminent loss to the whole Army, being also unprovided of ladders, and other necessaries for that purpose) whereupon a retreat was made unto the River in the Bay, where they refreshed with water and such provisions of victual as was daily brought on shore from the ships, preparation was also made for another march; a Mortar-piece was landed with Granado shells, and two small Drakes, scaling Ladders were likewise made, but never used, for being too ponderous for carriage, they were sent by water, and so to be landed in a convenient place near the town. All things being now in readiness (as was supposed) the 24. of April, the Army proceeded on their march, the guides promising to direct them in a way they had not yet known, which led to a freshwater River, distant but two miles from the north part of the Town, whither they might pass without danger of any Fort. That there was such a path was known to be certain, but taking another to be it, they drew near the way they had formerly gone, advancing but slowly, by reason the Mortar-piece and small Drakes (for want of horses and furniture) the Soldiers drew by turns.  
The day following (before noon) they approached near the Fort (but with worse success than before) for the enemy having charged the Forlorn-hope, beat then clearly to the General's Regiment, routed those also, executing them in the backs, in as great numbers as they listed.  
Major General Haines being then in the van of the Army, was most unworthily and shamefully deserted by the Soldiers, notwithstanding that he earnestly entreated that for God's sake some few of them would stand by him, if but ten in number, but such was their vile cowardice and baseness of spirit, that not one man would do it, whereupon he sacrificed his life (amongst the thickest of his enemies) at as dear a rate as became a stout Soldier and gallant Commander, who in his life time was as much beloved of his friends, as feared by his enemies, such was his worthiness, too worthy indeed to be a member of so Antichristian an Army.  
The Spaniards pursuing this victory, made as great a slaughter as they were able, and that without the least resistance, near the one half of the Army flying before them, to the great amaze and discouragement of the rest that were not as then marched up. Some having broken off the head of their lances, continued still the pursuit, knocking down some, beating and driving others along (with their Lance slaves) like slaves and cow-hearted villains, until at length (being tired with slaughter, not able to proceed farther, like as the painful workman, after a laborious and hard day's labour goeth to rest) they returned to the Town, carrying with them as sure Trophies of victory) 7. English Colours.  
The number (at this time) slain out right, were no less than 600 men, besides 200. more that crept into bushes, and were left behind in the woods, whom the Negroes and Molattoes soon after dispatched; there were also near 300. wounded, whereof many were past recovery, most of them all receiving their hurts in the back parts. As for those that did all this spoil and mischief (O miracle to believe, and shame to think it!) exceeded not in all the number of 50. men. The pursuit now ended, these running Regiments stood still, taking opportunity (with sorrow and shame) to look back on their miserable fellows, groaning with wounds, & weltering in blood.  
The Spaniards manner of onset was thus: After they had fired their volley of small shot out of the woods (being assisted by Negroes and Molattoes) most desperately fell in and charged with their sharp steel Lances, which (being directed by able bodies, and strong arms) found little opposition of the weak and feeble multitude, parched by the heat of the Sun, and half dead with thirst, no care being taken to supply this defect. The other disadvantages were these. The dis-equality betwixt the English Pikes and Spanish Lances were such, that the one being over long, and top-heavy, could not be managed with that dexterity, and to so good a purpose (especially in narrow ways and woods) as the Lance which is about three quarters of that length; neither are the English half-pikes of sufficient length to reach these Lances; the Spaniards also (by often use and practise) become more expert and ready in the use of these weapons then English men, who (although perhaps old soldiers) never made use of Pike or Lance (except against horse) Divers likewise in this expedition, that were of more valour and strength than others, and would have fought, were so overwhelmed and trampled under foot (by the shameful flight of the multitude that were about them) that they were not able to make resistance, but became a prey (with the rest) unto the merciless enemy. But (above all) the hand of the Almighty was much seen in the business, who struck so great a terror in their hearts, that they became the people of his wrath fitted to destruction.  
After this sad successs, and lamentable loss, the Army (that night drew up nearer the Fort, as if they intended to execute revenge upon that; and having found a convenient place within Musket-shot thereof, (where the Enemy could not bring any great Gun to bear) the Pioners cut down the trees, and made a kind of Breast-worke, (such as the time would permit) and there planted the Morter-piece, which being then in a readiness to do execution on the Fort; speedy Orders were given to mount it on another Carriage, (fit to be drawn off) and to burn that: which being performed, (and the Granado● shells buried under ground) the Army began their march back to the old Watring-place in the Bay. But what ground there was for this action, or what the real intent of the thing signified, let those determine who have power to punish offences and reward deserts.  
In this mean season the General of the Navy (with divers Ships) anchored in the Road at such a distance as that the Forts could reach them with great shot, and they both the Forts and Town, and having discerned Parties of men passing to and fro without the Town, conceived them to be the English Army there encamped, and thereupon sent in divers Boats with provision of Victual and other necessaries for their supply, who approaching near the shore discovered their error, and found them to be Spaniards, who (as it should seem) had the leisure to cast up out-Works) and so returned on board in safety, both going and coming underneath the Fort and bank-sides, from danger of the shot, by which they manifestly found how good and convenient a place it was to have landed an Army of men.  
The Army lying in the Bay (as formerly) had not that supply of Victual from the Ships as before, but were necessitated to go abroad in Parties through the Woods to seek for Cattles; and oftentimes meeting with some few Negroes, were by them put to the rout, and divers slain; others casting away their arms betook themselves to their heels, and so escaped the fury of these naked Pagans; and at some times, when neither men or beasts were near, only the leaves of trees making some little noise, and Crabs stirring in the woods, possessed them with such eminent fear that (leaving their Weapons behind) they ran over Cliffs into the Sea, but at length this bold Army was grown so politic that they would no more adventure into the woods amongst these Cow-killers, (whose sable deformities had often struck as great a terror in their hearts, as Pluto and all his Infernal rout could do, had they been there present to have tortured them) exercising their valour only on Horses, Ass Necoes, and such like, making a slaughter of all they met, greedily devouring skin, entrails, and all, to satiate their hungers; and thus were all the Troop-horses belonging to the Army by them eaten, the Generals own hardly escaping; this behaviour and diet they continued for some days.  
What number of men had been lost in small Parties, and by straggling (besides at the total rout) was not known, until by a general Muster was found that of 9700 men first landed, there remained then only 8000 (the Sea-Regiment included.) Many of these were sick and wounded, and most of them faint-hearted, not fit for service. To have adventured a third time with such in the face of the Enemy, were an act of no less rashness than madness, for had the Commanders been ever so valiant, able and worthy (except it had pleased God miraculously to perform the Work by them alone) which could be as little expected as deserved) these sheep like Soldiers (I mean in courage, not innocence) would questionless have left them in the lurch, experience had already shown it, and too true they should have found it; And again to have shipped this wretced rabble, not well knowing whither to go, or how to dispose of them, would also have been the destruction and losts of the whole Fleet, having provisions for a short time, for so great a multitude; of these two evils (it pleased Providence) that the least was chosen, and a place was now thought on, absolutely fit indeed for such an Army, where they might have food without fight, and a Land to inhabit without opposition, and that within some few day's sail. This being resolved upon, care was taken to ship the men; the Morter-piece, two small Drakes, and two Iron Guns (which were placed in a small Fortification by them made at the mouth of the River for the better securing of the Watring-place.) Before the performance of these things, I should have declared how Adjutant General Jackson (that great man of little courage) was cashiered for a Coward, and the ceremony performed of breaking his Sword over his head, for example to others; but my opinion is, that if all of like nature had been so dealt with, there would not have been many whole Swords left in the Army.  
The third of May, all were shipped, except the bodies of 1700 men (most of whose Arms, seven Field-Colours, with all their honours (if any they had) there left behind: It is also observable that as at their landing they had no opposition, so neither at their shipping off, the Spaniards (with their small numbers) rather shown themselves defensive than offensive, resting content with what they had already done, strongly fortifying for the future; whereas if they had taken but this last opportunity (by the disability, weakness, and cowardice of the Army) to have charged in with two or three hundred able resolute men (within few days before, or at their going off) certainly they had destroyed and spoiled the most part of them all, who were more willing and ready to run into the Sea, and there perish, than to oppose or look upon their Enemies.  
All the benefit or good the Army had found in this place was only at the first some few , and a good quantity of Sugar, Part whereof they made use of, casting the rest into the River to duleifie that (such was their ignorance and folly) but this sweet diet had sour sauce.  
The Fleet also recruited with fresh water out of this fair and goodly River, (whose golden sands had bloody price) And the Soldiers being all onboard (as aforesaid) they set sail that day before the wind, and before they had performed the least part of their intent or desires.  
Having now briefly, but truly, related their manner of proceed and success on this unforrunate Island, it will not be altogether impartinent to describe the situation of the Town and Forts adjacent, with the nature and quality of the Country, which take as followeth.  
THe Town of Sancta Domingo (Metropolis of Hispaniola, and Residence of the Spanish Viceroy) is situate on the South side of the Island, distant from the Eastermost Cape or Lands end, 28 Leagues, having North Latitude, 18. deg: 28. M●n: It is well watered (and in some sort strengthened) by a great River which passeth near the North East part thereof, at the Mouth of this River is a Harbour, which although of no great Magnitude, yet capable of entertaining Ships of good burden, The entrance to the Harbour is through a Bay of reasonable latitude, where there is good Anchorage, and a Road for Ships, on the la●b●rd side going in, is a Fort strengthened with 12, or more good Guns which commandeth the Harbour and South-west side of the Town, the other parts thereof (on the Land side) have for their defence an old ruinated Wall encompassed thick with Limetrees, which is (now lately) well repaired, and strongly fortified. Within one mile's Circumference of the Town, is open ground and plain Fields, or S●vanars as they there call them, being made by industry and Art as are all their ways and passages through the Woods, and Fields for Sugar Ganes, with other open places for husbandry, the whole Land being naturally overgrown and Covered over with trees, amongst which of Limon, Orange, Coco, Cabage, Palmeeto, Cedar, Mastic and Lignum vitae trees, there are good plenty.  
About two miles to the Westward of the Town, (and near the Bay side) is placed another Fort, the description whereof, as also the damage it did the Army in their march towards the Town, I have already declared.  
Four miles farther to the West from thence, is that River and Bay formerly spoken of, where the Army encamped, and the Fleet took in fresh water, which place the Spaniards had not then forfeited, but it is to be supposed that in the strengthening of that (and all places else of consequence, in the West-Indies) they have not since been negligent.  
The commodities these Rivers afford (besides the goodness of their Water) consists in the divers sorts of dainty Fish therein abounding, as also pieces of Gold minerals, washed from forth of their banks at certain times, together with S●nd-gold, a small quantity whereof was found by some English Soldiers; The discommodities these Streams engender, are Alligators, which farther up in the Country are in too great plenty.  
The whole Land, (except some Hills of great ascent) is certainly very fruitful, which although it produce not such Fruits and Corn as doth England and other more temperate Climates (the scorching heat of the Sun depriving it of that happiness) yet of Sugar Canes, Oranges, Lemons, Bonanoes, Bonuist, Planrans, Pine-Apples, Puttato, and Cassadra Roots (whereof they make their bread) with divers other Roots and Fruits, there is no scarcity.  
It is also replenished with store of Oxen, and Cows of good magnitude, as well wild as tame. Sheep there are some, not many, and abundance of Hogs, and fair Horses, which last are there of little use or service in War, by reason of the exceeding thick Woods. But beyond all, the inestimable rich Mines of Gold and Silver (hidden within the bowels of that Land) maketh amends for all other defect. The North and West parts of the Island are scarcely at all inhabited, except by some few Cowkillers, Rogues that have been thither banished for Murder, or some other villainy, who make it their labour to kill and destroy many Cattles, and that only for their Tallow and Hides, which is sent in, to the Spaniards; At for the Towns and Villages, in the habitable parts, they are neither fair nor many, the chiefest whereof, I have already mentioned, which doubtless (at the time of the English Armies being there) was very rich, for the neighbouring Villages and Plantations being alarumed by their Landing, they had the leisure to convey themselves, with much Treasure, Plate and I wells thither, as to a place of their best strength and refuge.  
And thus much of Hispaniola. The Island of Jamaica must now be the subject of my following discourse, whither the Fleet approaching; the 7. of May, was observed as another day of Humiliation, for all such, whom hunger, thirst, and the Sword of the Enemy, had not yet given a feeling sense of their presumptuous wickedness, and disobedience towards God. And considering the great cowardice that had lately possessed them, it was also proclaimed to the whole Army, that whosoever should be found to turn his back to the Enemy, and run away, the next Officer (that brought up the rear of that Division) should immediately run him through, which if he failed to perform, himself was to suffer death without mercy. Which strict order, might have wrought better effect at Hispaniola, there being little probability of engaging with an Enemy in this place.  
The 9 of May they drew nigh the Island, and having sailed about 16. Leagus within the South side thereof, the day following came to an Anchor in a spacious Harbour, called also Jamaica, where there was good Ground, and deep Water, and Manning all their small Vessels and Boats with Soldiers, soon landed the Army in a Bay, that lay yet farther within the Harbour, and that without the loss of one man, for the Spaniards having only three or four small and slight Brest-workes, with some few Guns, and seeing so numerous an Army in readiness to Land, made not many shot, but fled in haste to the Town of Oristano, which was altogether unfortified, and distance from thence six English miles, from whence they conveied away all things of value and concernment, together with their Families, and departed farther into the country, for such was their weakness, and disability for resistance, that their whole number (on that part of the Island) exceeded not 500 Men, beside some Negro slaves, but what they could not act by force of Arms, they did by policy, as too soon will appear.  
The English Army being possessed of the Brest-works, and Guns that commanded the landing-place; A Forlorn hope was drawn forth, and sent towards the Town, who that night would not adventure to enter therein, until the morrow following, at which time they found it destitute of Inhabitants, or any thing else necessary for their entertainment, or accommodation, except bare walls, bedsteds, chairs, and Cow-hides; Soon after the General with the whole Army, (consisting of about 7000 men) marched up thither, where there then came in divers Spaniards (which seemed to be of quality) to treat, bringing with them (as presents for the General) Wine, Poultry, divers sorts of Fruits, and other rarities that the Country yielded) promising also to send in Beaves sufficient for the maintenance of the Army, with other large overtures, and high compliments.  
This Treaty being continued for certain days, the Enemy had free egress and regress aswell into the Town, and English Quarters, as elsewhere, continuing their welcomed presents, bringing Cattles for the use of the Army, and behaving themselves with such civil and kind (although feigned) deportment, that they invited divers Soldiers of the Army to visit them in their Quarters, where they had Wine given them, and were much made of; by which means they gained knowledge (by some overcome with Liquor) that they had been at Hispaniola, and how they were there dealt withal, as also the extremities and wants they were driven to in their marches, for want of water and other necessaries in those hot Countries, whereby they were much disabled: The Spaniards understanding this, and viewing the present weak condition of the Army, (by which they guessed at the future, if their wants were not supplied from time to time) were now animated to put in practice their uttermost endeavours for preservation of their goods and estates, and not to stand to any Articles of agreement, to departed the Island, with some few clothes only to their backs (as was expected) notwithstanding they fairly dissembled the matter, and to avoid all suspicion, sent their Governor (as they pretended) an old decrepit Signior, full of the French disease, and brought in betwixt two in a Hammack) to sign the Articles of Agreement, which he (with some others) accordingly did.  
In this mean season, these subtle and sly Spaniards had conveyed fare away in the Woods, all their riches and b●st goods, which (in some days after the Army was possessed of the Town) remained in the Spanish quarters near at hand) and might have been soon intercepted, they also gathered up all the ablest and best Horses (during the Treaty) as well in the English quarters, as their own, and the time-limited for their departure from the Island (according to to the Articles signed) being near expired, they drove away most of all the cartel near the Town, and following after their Goods, Wives, Children, and servants (which were gone before at least three day's Journey) swept and cleared the Country as they went of all vital provisions, leaving their old pocky Governor as a Hostage for their return.  
And thus were they overcome by the subtlety and deceit of the Spaniards at Jamaica, aswell as they had been lately vanquished by their Lances at Hispaniola, and all the redress that could be now thought on, was to send a Party in pursuit after them; Colonel Bullard, (with 2000 men) was employed on the business, part of which number were shipped in small vessels and shallops, and so conveyed by water unto a Bay (17 leagues to the Eastward of that where the fleet lay) where they came in conjunction with the rest that had marched thither on foot, The politic intent of this grand design being to surprise the Spaniards and their luggage (betwixt both parties) as they were shipping off for the Main, which was supposed would be at that place, but in that they deceived themselves, for the Enemy had no such intent, but rather directed their passage through byways, thick woods, and over high hills, and large Mountains, (of which there are plenty) having Scouts and Sentinels abroad in each passable way and path, to discover the approach of any, It being almost an impossible thing for an Army (except well acquainted with the Country) to follow or find them out, and again, the excessive heat of the Sun, the want of water in many places, with other defects and impediments naturally incident to the place, and disagreeing to English constitutions, more enweakeneth and disables them in ten miles march there, than forty in their own Country. But I shall now leave this pursuing party, to wander in the woods awhile, and there kill Cattles (if any they find) to preserve life, rather than hazard it at so great disadvantages against the Spaniards) and show in what posture and condition those in the Town were in, who (after the departure of the Spanish Cators) were in so great want that Dogs and Cats was the best part of their diet, with such sort of food as they had formerly tasted at Hispaniola, as Horses, Ass Necoes, and such like, there being strict order that on pain of death none should presume to kill any Cows or Oxen, and if at any time there went forth (by especial order) some small party that brought in Beefs, they were distributed amongst the superior Officers of the Army, the Inferior men having only inferior meat, the often use whereof made them somewhat participate of the nature of the Beasts, sometimes living the life of Dogs, and at other times bearing the burden of Asses, and what other encouragement or comfort could they have, than to ponder in their minds, thus, Solamen miseris socios habuisse dolores.  

Jamaica Harbour, May the 24.  
It was resolved (at a Council of War) That the General of the Navy, and Reer-Admirall, in the Ships Swiftsure and Panagon (with most of the Flemish ships) should return for England, Orders being given for their speedy fitting, and recruit with fresh water and other necessaries.   

May the 25.  
There happened an ill accident in the Fleet, the ship called the Discovery (of the States) a vessel of good force and burden, was unhappily fired by f●●ling brandy wine in the Steward-room, the flame of the candle taking hold of that combustible liquor, so vehemently increased the fury of the fire, that there was no prevention. Wherefore (to avoid further danger) most of the ships boats that could be had in readiness, towed her off on a bank of sand some distance from the Fleet, where (after she had consumed about four hours) her Magazine of powder blew up, and did no more harm; the ship Swiftsure being then ready to carreen, had most of her best Guns there onboard, which were all afterward (by industry and art) taken up, notwithstanding that they lay in above three fathom water.   

June the 1.  
Colonel Bullard (after a long march to little purpose) returned with his party to the Town, bringing with him some , and giving notice of great abundance that are in the more remote parts of the Country; since which time there hath gone forth divers Parties, who have also brought in Droves of Cattles, and amongst the rest a Spanish Lady (with some Attendants) who were she but as good as great, as virtuous as ponderous, and as fair as fat, certainly she would fare exceed any three Ladies of England in worth, weight, and beauty.   

June the 6.  
The ship Cardiff set sail for England, as the Harbinger of the rest of the Fleet which were to follow after.  
And the 9th following, a general Muster was taken of the Land Army, whose number was found to be much diminished of late, not so much by any pestilential or violent disease, as for mere want of natural sustenance, which in common reason may seem strange that (of all men) Soldier should starve in a Cook's shop (as the saying is) or perish for want of food in a Country so abounding with Flesh, Fish, and other vital provisions; but it is to be hoped that for the future they may have an allowance of better and more wholesome diet than yet they have had, if the tyranny of their Commanders (or slothfulness of themselves, or both) prevent not.  
There lately arrived at Jamaica divers Victuallers with provisions for the Fleet, also Arms and Ammunition for the Army, but Hoes and Haschets were more ficter for them.   

June the 20.  
There came in hither three small Vessels (Prizes) which were taken by the Selby and Grantham Frigates (who were ordered to lie plying to and again off the Island of Hispaniola) some Spaniards (in them taken) reported that at the first appearance of the English Fleet before the Town of Domingo, the Inhabitants deserted the place, and went all into the woods (where they continued three days). leaving their Magazine of powder behind, which they had once intended to have blown up, but perceiving that in that time neither the ships approached the Harbour (which they much dreaded) nor any else came to molest them, they reentered the Town, and being much encouraged and strengthened by those of the Country (who daily came in thither) fortified what they might, and blocking up the mouth of their Harbour with some Vessels which they there sunk, resolved to use their uttermast undeavours to maintain the place.   

Oristano, June the 24.  
There was this day a rumour that General Venables was departed this life, which was but a rumour not real; but his Excellency hath not been currant since his being at Hispaniola. The grand business that the Army is now upon, is to settle each Regiment in their several Quarters, where they have parcels of Land equally aproportioned unto them, which being subdivided amongst the Officers, (according to their respective places) some small share is like to fall unto the Common Soldiers; but what improvement may be made thereof, or how it will please Almighty God farther to deal with this Army, let time and truth manifest; the good hand of Providence having taken me from amongst them, that so (according to my earnest desires) I might no longer be a spectator or recorder of their actions. I shall therefore now conclude, only including brief description of the Island of Jamaica, by comparing it (in divers respects) with Hispaniola, together with some few passages by the way homeward.  
The Island of Jamaica is situate betwixt the Main, and the Isle Cuba, distant from the one 96. Leagues, and from the other 20, the centre whereof lieth directly in the same Lat: with the Town of Sancta Domingo (in Hispaniola) already described, and hath Longitude West from thence, 2 deg: 18. Min: It's magnitude, is scantly one 3. of the said Islands being in length 46, and breadth 14. Leagues. Notwithstanding for the quality and quantity of Land, it is no less fruitful, and altogether as plentiful in Fish, Fowle, and Cattles of all sorts; It is more Mountainous and less Woody, Rivers there are divers, but the Spring-heads of some arising from Copper Mines, the Water is somewhat unwholesome, and unsavoury, unless corrected by boiling (which the Spaniards used.) It's chiefest defects and impediments are these. It produceth not any Ours of Gold and Silver, as doth Hispaniola and other parts of the Indies. It is also ill situated for Traffic, lying such a distance to Leeward that it is a most difficult thing for vessels to turn up so fare to Windward as to get clear of the Islands and Rocks, and are therefore necessitated to make their passage through the Gulf of Florida, which is accounted dangerous, except at some seasons of the year.   

June the 25.  
The Fleet bound for England, set sail from jamaica, Vice-admiral Goodson (in the Torrington Frigate) being left Admiral of that Squadron, ordered to remain in the Indies, they consisting of all the English Frigates of this Fleet, also three of the best sailing Flemish Ships, which completed the number of 12 sail, besides victuallers and prizes there remaining.   

July the 8.  
The Fleet gained the length of Cape St. Anthonia (being the Westermost Cape of the Isle Cuba) and the thirteenth Foll: they plying to Windward (having a fresh gale Easterly) came near under the Tropic, and short of the Cape of Florida, about thirty Leagues, where there happened another sad disaster. The Paragon Navy (a Ship of the second rank, and (at that time Rear-admiral) took sire, and consumed to her Powder-room, and so blew up, the Rear-admiral Dakins (and some others) with much danger and difficulty escaped, divers Ships Boats, (which were nearest) coming in to their assistance, notwithstanding there perished about one hundred and forty Men. By what means this lamentable accident was first occasioned, is not yet certainly known, but too certain it is, that the chief neglect was in the Steward's rooms, from whence the fire broke forth, violently increasing (past remedy) as the people were assembled together at Divine Exercise in the forenoon.   

July the 19  
Having hitherto had (the Wether variously inclined) many calms, and some storms, with diversity of Winds (but all of short continuance) the Fleet now entered the Gulf of Florida, and the 22 Foll: passed forth of the same, the extent thereof being (in length) from the Cape of Florida to the uttermost Islands North of Cuba 68 Leagues, and in breadth from those Islands to the main 20 Leagues, the current there setting N: N: E. the swiftness or slackness whereof dependeth on the falling of the Rains, (which about the Month of August are constantly very great) many exceeding large American Rivers (being augmented thereby) the spacious Bay of Mexico, becomes their receptacle, and so disburtheneth its swelling Floods, through this narrow strait, into the Virgivian Ocean, it is therefore of some called the Gulf of Mexico,   

August the 4.  
The Fleet gained the length of the Bermudas, since when (for the generality) being favoured with fair Winds and seasonable weather. The 22. of this instant, they had also the length of the Western Islands.   

August the 30.  
They descried the English Shore (near Lizard) and having a strong gale S. S. W. the day following, the Fleet Anchored at Spithead, (near Portsmouth.) three sail having been separated from the rest by obscure weather in the night (before their entrance into the Gulf) came in hither also this day, some few hours before the other.  
And now for ever blessed be the Divine Creator, who hath dealt thus mercifully with us, the unworthiest of his Servants, giving us so large experience of his abundant goodness towards us, and bringing us once more unto the Land of our Nativity. The Lord in mercy so incline the hearts of this Nation, that those grand sins of Presumption and Covetousness, may no longer reign amongst them, lest seaking after shadows, they lose the real substance; or coveting the good or Gold of others, they incur the high displeasure of Almighty God upon themselves, and so become the scorn and derision of their Enemies, and a byword to other Nations. Avertas Deus.    
FINIS.