ADAM OUT OF EDEN, OR, An abstract of divers excellent Experiments touching the advancement of Husbandry.  
SHOWING, Among very many other things, an Aprovement of Ground by Rabbiss, from 200 l. annual Rent, to 2000 l. yearly profit, all charges deducted.  
By Ad. Speed. Gent.  
LONDON, Printed for Henry Brome, at the Gun in Ivy-lane. 1659.   

A Digression to the usage of divers Countries concerning the Tillage.  

EAch soil hath no liking of every Grain,  
Nor Barley nor Wheat is for every vain;  
Yet know I no Country so barren of soil,  
But some kind of coin may be gotten with toil.   

Though Husband at home be to count the was what,  
Yet Huswife within is as needful as that;  
What helpeth in store, to have never so much  
Half lost by ill usage? ill Huswives and such?    

To the Reader.  
HOw excellent and how innocent the art of Husbandry is, has been sufficiently made out by the best of Authors; God himself, who chose out that employment for the best of the Creatures, Man, whom he placed in Eden, not only to enjoy, but to labour, without both which no place can be a Paradise. Perpetual enjoyments without bodily exercise breeding nothing but loathing and diseases; For which cause the actions of body or mind are called Recreations, as carrying on the grand design of God himself.  
Nor can there be found in Nature a more ingenuous, necessary, delightful, or honourable employment, than Agriculture; a Calling born with us, and bred in us, affording matter for the most refined Wits, without which Mankind cannot be preserved; by which we are both sustained and delighted. An Art wherein renowned Scholars have employed their parts, and Princes without dishonour their time and pains.  
Yet such is the pride and folly of our Nation, that most aspire to collateral Vocations, which own their life and sustenance to the Husbandman, and consist only in overreaching each other. And scarce any are left to study the Georgics, but such as can do nothing else. For which cause our Ancestors have left the rules and observations by which our skill herein should be improved only by tradition, except Virgil and some others, who have eternised their names by transmitting to posterity their knowledge herein.  
For the promotion of which great and needful work our ingenuous Author hath exposed his Observations and Experiences to the public view, which have long been smothered in private hands, till by the good nature of a  Gentleman, (to whose industry in several other things our Age is obliged) they have blest our eyes.  
Embrace this opportunity, and reduce these Precepts to practice: England affords Land enough for the Inhabitants, and if men did but industriously and skilfully improve and manure it, we need not go to Jamaica for new plantations. Farewell.   


Chap. 1. Of Improvement of ground by Rabbits.  
IT is in Husbandry, as in other practical Professions, Art, Industry, and Experience add every day new supplies to the better, either by contracting the charge, and then the improvement is in the Method, or by multiplying the advantage, and then it is in the increase. How many rare secrets are there now discovered, whereby the Public is enriched, whereof our Forefathers never dreamt? and some doubtless are as yet concealed from us, being left to posterity and the next age to find out.  
Because amongst many others relating to Husbandry some are of more excellent use, I have here made a select choice of them, reporting nothing but what observation and experience, to which my Genius hath been long addicted, have found certainly true.  
And first I shall begin with the improvement of ground by Rabbits.  
There is to be taken five hundred acres of ground within fifteen miles of London, for eight shillings the acre, which being stored with twenty Rabbits per acre, highly bred, sixteen of them being Breeders, cacording to direction, will in all probability afford either of them twelve Rabbits at three litters. I have known those so bred, that one Rabbit hath brought at one litter sometimes ten, and commonly eleven, and hath brought them up very well, and fat, and at a Lords ground I have known the like increase, besides those of my own whereof I have had sufficient experience; admit sixteen Rabbits bring either of them but ten at three litters, they come to one hundred and sixty Rabbits, for the which after six weeks of age I know a Poulterer that giveth eight pence the Rabbit, and constantly until Michaelmas, and some Poulterers more after Michaelmas, which may be sold so then between one shilling and one shilling eight pence the Rabbit; admit them but at eight pence the Rabbit all the year, one hundred and sixty Rabbits come to five pound, six shillings, and eight pence the acre, and I am confident that in grounds not proper for them, they brought the last unseasonable years before this, four, five, and seven at three litters. I have been sufficiently resolved in this design by the most of the Warreners throughout England, though I needed not their judgement.  
In five hundred acres at five pound, six shillings, eight pence per acre, to be considered the herbage for sheep and other  at least one hundred pound per annum, besides the keeping of Poultry, Pheasants, Partridge and other fowl, with Pigeons, Bees, etc. and places for divers other plantations at twenty, thirty, forty, fifty pound an acre profit per annum and upward, with fishponds accordingly stored; besides, there is an other profit in this design very considerable, and of no small consequence, with house-keeping complete for all occasions, and great conveniency for a Dairy, and very conveniently near London.  
Sum total, two thousand, seven hundred, sixty and six pound, rend for the ground, two hundred pound salaries sixty, five pound food for the Rabbits, in Hutches one hundred pound, admit though more than needs by far, being there are now better preventions than formerly, one thousand Rabbits at eight pence the Rabbit three hundred thirty three pounds, total six hundred ninety eight pounds, de claro two thousand sixty five pounds. If the number of the Rabbits be thought too high, and the casualties too low that followeth, to make up all, and to obstruct all objections, the first litter will breed the same year, being rightly bred and disposed of, allow three of the last litters from every one of the first breeders (the Buck being first destroyed) bring ten Rabbits, which come to one hundred and sixty Rabbits per acre, and amount unto five pounds, six shillings, eight pence per acre, total six hundred sixty and six pounds as before.  
There are two Gentlemen now in London of great ability and repute, that will justify these proportions, and that they made out of two several five acres of ground either of them at least ten pounds an acre per annum.  
That there is to be taken fifteen hundred acres, for one shilling per acre, that will after the like proportion, according to the number of acres, bring many thousand pounds more.  
That two thousand acres may be had at the same rate, that will very near render the same emolument according to the number of the acres, the same I leave to consideration.  
It matters not whether the ground afford any grass at all in a manner, so it be warm and dry, being there are several ways to feed them, as formerly I have done, with very little charge, which will preserve them very high, and make them breed extraordinarily, and maintain more Rabbits by half than any Warren in England was ever known to do, they having totally neglected, and never ordered the right ways, Rabbits being of the most profitable creatures of England rightly used, the several sorts of food that may be provided for them being not considerable, as may be perceived hereafter, the later they are kept the better are the Rabbits, and the richer the fur.  
I have known five hundred Breeders kept at a time in an house, as may be within the 500 acres in Hutches, which would bring seven, eight, nine, or ten at a litter, but accounting only five at a litter one with another, being I formerly have destroyed the rest, they are completed to two thousand five hundred Rabbits per Month, and in ten Months per annum twenty five thousand, which at eight pence a Rabbit comes to about eight hundred thirty and three pounds, the charge indifferent, and with the same charge doubled, one thousand Breeders may be kept, and they probably amount to one thousand six hundred sixty and six, the Rabbits in the house we turn out at liberty to go out and come in when they please.  
At a Month's age, and at six weeks of age, when they shall be doubtless exceeding fat with such food as shall be easily provided for them, they are then at the dispose of the Poulterer, only such as are preserved especially for store.  
It. A sort of Rabbits to be had, their fur beingworth near 3 s. 4 d. the skin, and in goodness near Beaver, which I am confident may be made very near equal to Beaver.  
That upon trial I found the difference between the weight of the ordinary Rabbits usually in Warrens, and the breed which may be provided otherwise, to be half in half, besides the great difference in the goodness of them.  
If the ground want Covert shelter, or be too naked, they may be made warmer by sowing French furze seeds, which will grow very spacious and to great flocked bodies in few years, and will prosper very well here in England, and extend to great profit yearly; there may be Malt made within the housing belonging to the five hundred acres, that with other emoluments may sufficiently advance five hundred pounds per annum, beyond exceptions, by a discreet and provident way of buying Barley at the best hand, and by the disposing of the Malt, both in making and selling thereof, there being great plenty of the best fuel therefore being fearn.  
There may be many Swine kept within the compass, and several sorts of food to preserve and fatten them not considerable.  
Item Geese, Turkeys, Ducks that will lay two eggs a day throughout the year, Pheasants, Partridges, Coats, and all other sorts of Fowl kept with such several wholesome foods, so easily prepared, and so little charge, the benefit may be made of them may arise to be exceeding great.  
And for Bees, being a place so convenient, the profit of them may be maintainable under God, one hundred pounds per annum.  
Item Pigeons, etc.  
And for the too much neglected Creature the Silk vorm, whereas there are divers at this time that make a very great profit of them in a very high degree.  
I am confidently assured, that by them may be (only in one room) advanced 500 pounds per annum and upwards; whereas the only cause of not keeping them more plentifully is for want of Mulberry leaves, the Trees whereof may be planted here with the stocks and branches thereof being brought for the most part beyond the Seas, which are dear, and most commonly spoilt with bringing.  
There is a leaf lately discovered growing here in England, and to be preserved constantly in every Garden, that doth and hath maintained them better by far than the other leaves, which will likewise cost nothing, being that the ground in the five hundred acres may be justifiably advanced to above twenty, thirty, forty, fifty pounds an acre, per annum, as may appear by the several discoveries at large, as followeth in the other papers. When you would have Rabbits fat to the desire, geld the Bucks that you intent to slaughter, which the Warrener may easily do, turn them out a while longer, and they will exceed in fatness, and eat more pleasantly by far, than otherwise.  
The first breed, charges and contingencies allowed may probably come to as before specified, two thousand, sixty and eight pounds.  
The second breed, allowing some abatement for charges, comes to two thousand six hundred sixty and six pounds.  
Item Rabbits in Hutches, charges to be abated, 1 thousand six hundred sixty and six pounds.  
Malt per annum, five hundred pounds.  
Benefit of fearn, furze, and other. fuel, five hundred pounds.  
Swine, fowl, etc. two hundred pounds.  
Bees, etc. one hundred pounds.  
Silk worms, five hundred pounds.  
All these I cast in to make up the first design, with two hundred pounds to advance two thousand pounds per annum.   

Chap. 2. An undeniable proportion of Coals to be had from the Pits near Nottingham to the Trents side, and so by Boats to Newark and the Towns adjacent, with the benefit may apparently accrue thereby beyond contradiction.  
FIve double Wagons and five Boats to convey to Newark down the Trent eight thousand loads per annum, for which they have paid at the pits five shillings the load: and whereas they pay commonly nine shillings and upwards the hundred most part of the year, and much under weight, and but sixteen, seventeen, or eighteen hundred weight to the load, which should be twenty hundred weight, being a miserable griping to the poorer sort of people, to allow them constantly at six pence the hundred, being ten shillings the load, will be a very great public good, and an Act of charity in the undertakers, and will render much honour to them, together with the prayers of the poor, etc.  
The eight thousand loads at five shillings the load benefit, comes to two thousand pounds' carriage, by the return of Boats, at the least three hundred pounds.  
It. five hundred weight overplus which are to he had at the Pits by agreement, allowing two hundred thereof waste, six hundred pounds, total two thousand, nine hundred pounds.  
That with a reasonable sum deposited to have the Coals delivered at two shillings six pence per load, the rest amounting to one thousand pound de claro disbursements for horses, wains, and boats, being the standing stock, upon considerable computations, five hundred pounds or there abouts.  
Charges for horses, servants, etc. per annum under seven hundred pounds, which will be defrayed by the week, though deducted there remains de claro besides the one thousand pounds, two thousand two hundred pounds.  
If Coals be raised to a higher price at the Pits than formerly, than the Hundreds and Loads must be sold dearer at Newark, etc. and the same profit will remain.  
There are divers other benefits to be instanced and added to this design too tedious to specify, amounting to above one thousand pounds per annum, and sufficiently maintainable.   

Chap. 3. Concerning Turnips.  
A Gentleman not far from London having dealt for store of ground, part whereof being a mere dry sand, and overgrown with moss, that it was not worth two shillings the acre, I advised him to cause a cutting-Knife to be made according to a new devised way, wherewith with more conveniency than formerly they pair up such sour rushy ground as they lately farm etc. and call it Devonshire Land and a Workman set about it he cut this ground some two inches thick, and turned it up, and laid the inside outwards that done, letting the ground dry for the space of a week, being formerly good neither for corn nor grass, the Workman with a strong Iron rake raked the ground all over, than cast it over with Turnip-seeds, and raked it over again, which came up so well, the leaves and roots did so well rot, cool, mellow, and meliorate the ground, that the year following and after the crop of Turnips there came very good grass.  
The ground being afterwards fit for corn or grass, part of which ground he again sowed with Turnips the same year, and had two very great crops, and made at least thirty pounds an acre thereof; besides as I came to him he received 10 s. an acre for the leaves only being from the very tops of the bindings, when they are bound up in bundles, and for the other part of the bindings, he selling the Turnips by measure, made at the least twenshillings the acre, wherewith they now feed their milch , which they having plenty thereof will cause them to give milk three times a day with full vessels, and constantly throughout the year, and better milk by far than any other, and although the roots may be sold in most places as dear, as near London, and with the same benefit, yet the commodity of them is so exceeding great being known, they will not be parted with by any, for they are excellent for all sorts of , and will feed them very fat in a short time, and will likewise feed Calves and Lambs very fat, besides, they being boiled will feed Swine to the height of fatness in a fortnight's space, and the liquor wherein they are boiled will feed them better than the best whey. And I have seen Cows exceedingly greedy for the liquor and the Turnips boiled, they have eat and drunk of them continually, and without any other food, have afforded Milk in abundance more than with any other food whatsoever, and became likewise fat therewith; the Turnips boiled will feed all sorts of Poultty fat, and cause them to lay their eggs constantly without any corn at all, whereby may be kept both Geese, Turkeys, Pheasants, Partridges, Coats, Moor-cocks, in abundance without any charge, so that 'tis clear Turnips will grow on the meanest ground with little labour, & without muck. I have known those that have kept their horses fat by slicing them & so casting them into the Manger, and of all food whatsoever there is nothing so wholesome and so healthful as they be for , etc. for thereby may be avoided the Murrain & all other dangerous diseases.  
There is a Knight row in this City that did preserve and keep all sorts of Poultry (and Rabbits) by a paste as followeth, which was made of Beasts liver, the coursest last corn ground and bran, with a competent commixture: but I have formerly left out the Liver, and made a paste with the rest compounded with Turnips: but I found in conclusion Turnips of themselves is the only food both for , Swine, and Poultry. Probatum est.  
The Swine being kept in an Orchard constantly bearing, the ground will fructify the Fruit-trees exceedingly, and make them yield great store of fruit yearly larger than formerly, and they need no other food than this Liquor, without the roots, or they may be kept up in a house with it constantly.  
There was a Gentleman well known, that would cause his Servants sometimes to scatter on the ground some small store of Tares, and the Swine by taking pains to get them would drink the oftener of the Liquor, and be fat the sooner. I have known milch Cows kept constantly in a Yard, and never fed with any thing but Turnips, whereby a man might soon enrich himself, and having place convenient for Poultry, etc. this may appear to be as thriving for them as corn.  
Turnips likewise boiled and mingled with bran will feed Hunting dogs very highly without any other relief. About seven years since I caused a woman here in London to buy a peck of meal, and to divide it into two parts, in the one, I advised her to put a pennyworth of Turnips boiled, and work it and knead it by itself, and the two parcels being baked, the Meal that had the Turuips in, that proved to be the better bread by far, and whiter, & every way more pleasant to the eye, & more toothsome; it is in the judgement of most Physicians very healthful; besides, it cuts far better than the other, and will last as long again very moist, the parcel that had the Turnips in it was in weight above five pounds more than the other, and what advantage might redound hereby to public and private families it may easily result, when they may keep both , Swine, and Poultry, with little or no charge.  
There is as much difference almost in the roots as is in Apples, therefore care is to be had in the seed; there are those which are called Hackney Turnips, which far exceed all other, especially for bread, & that seed may be had as cheap as the other; a paste likewise might be made with turnips to continue long, which all Poultry would like very well of, and excellent Horsebread might be made of it, being otherwise used thereunto; all sorts of  and Poultry will take sufficient without further trouble, the paste will be excellent useful food for Rabbits both in over-stored Warrens, and likewise when they are preserved with other moist meats, as you may understand hereafter.  
Turnips will afford two very good crops in one year, and the crops of them are worth to be sold thirty pounds an acre, as will be confirmed: besides, some ground they will in my knowledge afford a 3d. crop the same year, & although the roots of the last crop come not to full maturity, yet the roots and leaves being suffered to grow thicker without cutting, or pulling, will be better at the present than an acre of the best Grass, and compass of ground where a sheaf of Wheat doth grow which yieldeth a small quantity of wheat, it will afford one hundred of Turnips, near two hundred, so that the profit of two crops thereof will far transcend the profit of the wheat, and the charge of the wheat far greater ordinarily.  
Turnips may be sown in heathy ground at the first breaking up, and some have sowed them immediately after rye, flax, and especially after pease.  
With their tops, and Rape-cakes or Lynt-seed cakes, and grains you may make Pottage and wholesome food for your Cows, which being warm they will eat exceeding greedily, and by this means give milk in abundance, and for the same purpose the Holland Merchants did lately buy up all the Rape-seed here in England after the oil was pressed out, and made up into great Cakes, which hath been a very great commodity in Holland; The roots and leaves being made very clean and stamped together, then boiled in water, and then given to the Cows may make them abound with Milk, and yet grow very fat, if they are kept up all the year.  
A worthy Gentleman doth every year sow a very large field with turnips, according to my directions, and in the midst thereof he causeth to be built a little sleight shade or loppel with poles covered with straw or some sleight stuff on the top where he ties up his oxen, and other feeding , and giveth them the Turnips and the leaves cleanly washed, and with them only seedeth his  very fat to the Markets, he continueth the same course constantly every year, and preserveth all his grass for other uses to his very great advantage.  
Turnips also with some small addition will make very good Cider, and exceeding good Oil hath been made thereof, which may be very advantageous and will prove no drug. Probatum est.  
You may boil Barley chaff in the Liquor of Turnips, together with the Turnips and their leaves, which makes it as feeding, and as fattening as any foood whatsoever; Rabbits may be kept with Turnip-bread or past of Turnips all the year, either in the fields or house, and better than with Turnips themselves, being a most wholesome food for them, and the roots and leaves will feed and preserve sheep to the highest condition, and the Calves which you shall breed up by hand with these Turnips, their leaves, with their Liquor, will be constantly fat, and will much exceed their breed in largeness, and with increase of Milk. Let your Turnips grow little less than half a foot distance, and less than ten quarts will sow an acre.   

Chap. 4. Of Sowthistles.  
ONe sleight ploughing and harrowing, or but raising the round in the least kind to have two crops in one year proportionably to the fruitfullest grass, and so constantly every year without any further trouble, or charge at all, which is so wonderfully fruitful for milch Cows that besides the double increase of milk, it is better than any other, for it will afford two scimming of excellent cream, this exceeds all other for Cheese, and when all the Cream is taken off, the milk will be as good as any other milk; this seed will cost nothing, and will sow it  after the first year, it will afford in seed above one thousand for one; this is vulgarly called Sowthistle, it will yield great store of seed, the first crop letting it grow a while longer for that purpose; it will be ripe very timely in the year, you may gather the seeds which may be sown presently, and will afford a crop within a Month or a little more, and may be cut every month during Summer, if it be not prejudiced by ; you may sow a small parcel of ground therewith, preserving that for seed that will serve your turn; it will grow upon any ordinary ground, and the oftener you cut it the thicker it will be, and be very tender, and excellent fruitful food; you may feed your  therewith by parcels in Racks or Houses, and maintain them all the Summer in the highest manner. It hath been observed formerly, that when Sows could not maintain their Pigs for want of milk, the Country people would find out these Sowthistles which would exceedingly advantage them for the increase of their Milk; and I have known the like performed by Rabbits in a very strange manner: whilst the Thistles are young they willmaintain Calves, Lambs, Pigs, etc. which you may wean, and raise to the highest perfection without any other food; when they be come old and seedy,  will eat only the tops, and therefore the oftener you cut themthemore useful they are; when the down is upon them ready to fly, then gather the seeds when the Sun is up, the seed being dry you may find sufficient of them in Cornfields & upon Ditches where  cannot come at them; the benefit might be made so great thereof, that the worth cannot be with brevity expressed.  
Sow up sheets of Paper, and gather up the seeds into them, or some other such way as may keep them from flying from you, and take hold of the knot and pull the seeds, and put them together, and when you sow them mingle amongst them mould as they are with the down, because they can hardly be severed; those Thistles being planted in a barren ground, and given to Rabbits, would maintain millions of them, all the Summer, for want of grass in the Warrens, Turnips and the paste thereof all the Winter.   

Chap. 5. Of Clover-gras.  
ONe Sir Richard Weston, hath a think between thirty and forty acres, about ten acres thereof he sowed this year with Barley, which Barley being in cutting, and proved so great, adjudged worth ten pound an acre, he feared it might hinder the Clover-grass, not-notwithstanding we viewing it narrowly did perceive the grass, much of it, as it were beginning to look out of the ground, the which leaves were not bigger than an Onion, which yet Sir Richard was glad to see, he intends that nothing comes in that until Michaelmas, and by that time he hopes especially with a good shower, soon after the Barley is taken off, it will cover the ground: the last year he sowed two Fields, each about eight acres, one with Flanders seed, the other with his own in the Husks, the former was so fair upon the ground at the felling in mid May last, that he protested he would not have taken ten pound for the seed only he expected therefrom, nevertheless the Summer's draught especially soon after the cutting, before it could get head again to shade itself, and the ground so scorched it together, with his hopes, at length be resolved to feed his  with, and reserve for seed the Cotten close being colder & a moister soil, and thereupon the better enduring the heat, which otherwise he made far less esteem of, because it came up unevenly or in Banks like Mr. Houghtons, or rather worse, which I conceive was to be attributed partly to the wetness, but perhaps chief the seeds in the Husks, which could not be but unequal experience, showing that some of the Husks are empty, others full; Sir Richard himself told me, that he had found eight score seeds as I remember he said, or at least eighty I am sure he said, in one head, and then he resolved to cut it, and because hay is dear in those parts this year, near three pound a load, Sir Richard told me he sold it near that rate one hundred and fifty Loads of his extraordinary hay, which his meadows watered with his new River, and thereby continuing the draught did yield he intends to get off the head of the grass, as he doth those of the Flax, and dry them in the Sun to get out the seed more easily, and withal to save his hay: for he says that when once he can get sufficient seed of his own, he shall then, and not before then be Master of the work, for he suspects sophistication of the outlandish seed, that it is mixed with old, and some not fully ripe baked in Ovens, the easier to make it unhusk itself; for the manner of sowing of it he having experimented divers ways finds the best piece that ever he had to be sowed alone without any other grain for the time, the beginning of the mid April is the best, and therefore he would advice Mr. Houghton not to venture his Summer fallow at Autumn, unless it be a little quantity to make experiment; besides, he did much disapprove the laying sheep upon it two or three nights, as he intended to do last May as soon as it was cut, because it would prove a hindrance to the next crop, which with a shower would (as he says) in six days grow half a foot high, for the quantity of the hay it yielded two load and an half on an acre at a selling rate, for the nature of the ground that is most proper for it, which will bear little other grass; To conclude, he findeth that the grass improves the ground, for he hath this year exceeding great buck Wheat upon a piece of heathy ground, not one shilling the acre before, which hath been Clove grass three years, for flax, he said, that requires a dry soil, etc. Lastly, he saith that at St. Foyn it is exceeding profitable, and may be cut seven or eight times in a year, but that it requires a very rich Land, and must not be fed at all; And now I hope that my faithful desires to relate fully all that I had learned in this will plead excuse for me.  

Concerning Esperate or Clover-grass.  
THe Country where Esperate or Clovergrass is most in use at this day is Daphine towards the quarter of Day; It is a grass very hardy, not much inferionr to Luceran, it renders abundance of very exquisite hay very great substantial and much desired, proper to nourish and fatten all sorts of four footed Beasts, young and old Lambs, and Calves, making their Dams exceedingly to abound with milk, it also produceth seed every year, that serveth the  instead of Oats, and fattens Poultry, it makes them to prove and quickly to lay eggs, it will grow in a poor sandy Land, and it leaves a certain fattening virtue in it for the profit of Corn being sown after it, which makes it more in request, it desires not watering, it fears the biting of the Beasts, the delicacy of it draws them in such am inner that having once tasted of it they will go three leagues to feed of it, if it be not well enclosed; the hay of this grass is little higher than two foot, but it is so much the thicker, it is cut three times a year, provided that the place agree with it, and that the grass be noteaten with beasts, the first time is at the end of March, the second towards July, the last about the middle of September; the hay of the first cuts not so great as the second, because that in this place it produceth seeds, and by consequence it groweth bigger, this being cut, the seed is taken up like Oats, and then is thrust together with the first, expecting the last, that these three mingled togemay serve for profitable provision for the beasts all the year; a Master of a Family may be well advised to use this Husbandry, considering the notable profit which will come to him thereby in regard of the Hay, the Oats, and the grass of the Field, he will find the seed of this exquisite pasture, is a thing one may well send to inquire after in Daphine although it be as far almost as the utmost of France, without fear of introducing a novelty, seeing these will so exceedingly countenance his labour, which principally he doth regard, assuring himself that in what part soever of these three Countries he shall remain, this grass will profit him, for its faculty, to grow nevertheless in a temperate air than in a hot, and in a land more light than heavy; and to effect this business (I give you notice) that this seed of Clover-grass is sold commonly at the double price of Oats; to plant it must be appointed for some acres of Land; chosen as aforesaid, not stony, because of cutting of the grass, than it must be in a place commodiously enclosed, for the reasons aforesaid, and after that he hath well, and to the purpose laboured the land during Winter, the Spring approaching, at the end of February, or the beginning of March, he shall sow the seeds, but very thick, it being necessary four times more of that than of wheat, that it may grow to cover all the ground with the grass, without leaving place for any malignant grass, which may come to grow there, to its detriment; the flower of the land must be well ploughed, like a meadow, so that without hindrance the Sith may go up and down freely; the first year, this grass makes no great increase, being almost wholly employed to take hold and strengthen itself, but the three years following it recompenseth the slackness, producing abundance of good hay, also all the time it stays in the ground it imyloys all the means to be profitable unto it, (which in times past) it comes to nothing, for which cause, the place where the Clover-grass grows is then converted into tillage, and by that means the ground being deep ploughed produce very fair Winter and Summer corn, for three or four years. And for that you shall be accommodated with such good pasture, and fair corn with it, you should manage this Husbandry so, that you should always have new and old Clover-grass, to make some serve for hay, and other for corn, whereby you can neither want for one nor the other. Probatum est.  

The second Experiment.  
First sow Flax, than a crop of Turnips, and after about April following, you may sow the ground with Oats, and upon Clover-grass seeds, only harrowing it with Bushes or bushed harrows, which will come up after the Oats are mowed, and will yield you a very great pasture till Christmas, and the next year following you may cut the grass three times, and it will every year bear such burden, and so good, to feed all the sorts of , that the best meadows do not yield the like, so it will continue four or five years together without sowing it. Probatum est.  
One acre of Clover-grass, being made part into hay, and the rest eaten green, will keep four Cow's winter and summer, and one acre laid for seed, might carry five bushels, and I am confident that here are thousands in England would give five shillings the pound for such as grow here in this Nation, being indeed the very best.  
The hay of an acre, is about seven loads and one half, no man will sell for six pound, six shillings, and eight pence the load.  
Besides the after pasture in the Summer, mow the Clover-grass, and give it the  by parcels. One Mr. Bromley a Minister did assure me that he lately knew a very large field of Clover-grass, which grew naturally in Gloucester shire, and was yearly very much advantageous to the owner thereof.  
When the ground is laid down it will fatten , and feed them very lusty, and fit for the Butcher in a short time, especially Sheep; the seed may be provided and sowed, and will thrive in most grounds being exceeding sweet and pleasant will very much advantage pasture grounds, and raise to great improvement.  
There is a Gentleman in Essex who makes great store of Soap with the Ashes thereof, spread upon base barren ground, and hath many acres thereof wonderfully rich with the best and sweetest Tree-soyl, the like was never seen in England upon any ground, chief downs, being commonly reputed most proper for such grass, the Ashes being formerly of so base an esteem, that they would have given money for the carrying them away out of the Country.  
There is a strange kind of Grass growing in Wilt-shire with which they fat hogs, being four and twenty foot long, if the seed of this grass were sown in other rich and fertile meadows, that would thrive and prosper as well as where I saw it grow, it is of a very great consequence, and may be so well approved of by those that shall make trial thereof.     

Chap. 6. Of Potatoes.  
THe like benefit as with Turnips may be made of Potatoes, which usually grow here in England, they will increase exceedingly, & are excellent food several ways, they will make very good bread, cakes, paste, and Pies, and both crust without and food within; they will hardly be destroyed but increase of themselves in a very plentiful manner, with very little labour; they will likewise grow and thrive very well, being cut in slices, and so put into the earth, and the very threads coming from the roots will increase to great roots.  
The like benefit may be made for Poultry and Swine, of Artichokes Jerusalem.   

Chap. 7. Of Pumpions.  
THe next are Pumpions, which may be occasioned to grow in the coarsest ground, even all stone in a manner, as followeth.  
First make several holes, a foot and a half one from an other, and fill either hole about the bigness of a peck with mould that you may get from hedge-rows, mixed with a little good muck purposely prepared, or with Cowdung, you may cut up the Molehills within the neighbouring grounds, sowing the places again with hay seeds or treefoyl seeds, then plant in one of the holes being well tempered with muck, mould, or some of the best composed muck, some three Pompion seeds, you need not care for the seed the first year, for they will afterwards be plentiful enough, and suffer one of the best to continue growing, the rest pull up and plant them in hedge-rows, or cast them away; And this manner you may (if you please) dispose of an acre of ground or more at the first, which in all likelihood may produce some four large Pumpions, on a plant, the rest may be cut off being newly planted, with the superfinous branches, and the other will grow the bigger, and in all probability will amount to at vendible rates 30 and 40 pound per acre, and will sell dearer in the Country than near London, and if not sold they will (with the greater advantage) serve for Poultry, Swine, and , being boiled and used as Turnips, which may accordingly be contrived into paste, as before specified, with more advantage for feeding than with the best grass or corn, and whereas I have known dry grounds that have been so barren, that they would bear no grass, at all, in comparison, yet being laid all the year long used, and no  turned therein, that little grass that was rotting upon the ground, and the seed shedding thereon hath afforded the years following very good grass, & admitting the ground where the Pompions grow are very poor, yet the grass being suffered to grow, though but little, the Pompion leaves shadowing the ground, and keeping it cool in hot weather, and warm in cool seasons, a year or two, especially with the help of the Muck water.  
Yet such soils the ground will afford very good grass, and the seeds of the Pumpions, being shifted into new holes, will improve the basest ground whatsoever to great perfection. You may likewise use the Root of the Pumpions, which will occasion them to be as large again as otherwise.  
You may cause a large bed to be made of rich mould, etc. whereby you may plant great store of Pompion seeds, and then transplant them according to your uttermost accommodation, but by all means they must be well watered with the muck water, of the fattest sort as followeth hereafter.  
Suffer but two or three main runners, according to discretion, and cut off the rest of the branches, about the time they begin to flower, carefully preserving the other main runners from prejudice.  
In like manner may be planted Cabbages, which will afford the like profit upon such kind of ground, and although they may afford a great benefit by the sale thereof yet they will be less trouble and more advantageous, for feeding of , especially those that give milk, which will make them exceedingly abound therewith, and one acre of ground so planted will be far better than an acre of hay, and the ground much benefited thereby, after the Cabbages are cut up, there will be a crop of Coleworts, etc.   

Chap. 8. Of the Roman Bean and Liquorish.  
THere is a Grain called by some the Roman Bean, which are excellent for Horses, Dogs, Poultry, and Swine, and will as is made apparent beyond contradiction afford above one hundred pound per acre benefit, as they may be ordered.  
They are to be set once, and they will continue four years after exceedingly, without the use of muck, this Grain is indeed the greatest advantage that ever was heard of, considering the little charge and trouble; I dare not profess the wonderful increase they will afford, being rightly used, what benefit may be made thereof, I leave it to judgement, when if five hundred acres were planted therewith they might be all sold.  
There is a Gentleman in London, that hath found out a new way for the planting of Liquorish, which grows naturally in many places of England, and whereas formerly contrary to judgement of those that planted it, used to dig the ground very deep, even into the crust of earth, and then planted the Liquorish downwards, and too deep; This Gentleman hath caused his Ground not to be mucked, nor to be used, therefore had that been mucked formerly, and the roots placed sideways, not perpendicularly, but above the crust of the earth, which by that means will run a very great length, and grow with greater roots by far than otherwise, insomuch that the Gentleman's Servant hath observed, for five acres of Liquorish to make two hundred pound an acre; Besides there was a crop of Onions growing upon the five acres of Liquorish, for which there was offered twenty pound an acre; half thereof being formerly picked out and sold for at least twenty pound more, and this may be confirmed for a truth at any time, so that there is but one year of three void of profit; and some benefit may be made that year.  
This with the Roman Bean would be excellent commodities in divers Countries, in regard of the conveniency by water, they being no Drugg, at all times vendible, and the ground much advanced thereby for other uses, which may be done in a mere dry and warm sand, etc. this to be confirmed to an hundred pound per annum.   

Chap. 9 Of Saffron.  
THere are grounds (in my knowledge) in most parts of England, where Saffron will grow, being rightly prepared, as well as in any place, and once having the roots which may easily be gotten, and as cheap as the other seeds, and plants, you will ever after abound therewith, and they will render very great profit, with very little charge, and much enrich the ground for corn after them several years, for the planting and disposing of them, you may have sufficient directions at pleasure, and so for the other defects, better Saffron groweth not in the world than here in England, being worth forty pound an acre skilfully and carefully planted, that will last several years, and afford divers crops every year, and must be gathered every morning for a month's space.  
A worthy Gentleman in whose Garden had been planted some Saffron roots for ornament sake, and the rather, because the flowers were very sweet, of various colours, and very pleasant to the eye, they did exceedingly increase on the ground, that the Gardener could by no means destroy them although with great diligence they weeded them up constantly when they dressed and renewed their Garden, yet do what they could they would grow there still; at last as they drew them up still, set them in some remote places in the Garden, being ground very much neglected, where they prospered so well, that it is to be admired what benefit so little ground did afford, which was a mere sand, as is to be found in most Shires in England, only the ground having been formerly barren, I advised the Gentleman, he having Commons of such kind of ground hardly worth one shilling an acre, and several other waste ground, with great convenience, of water, etc. to compose some kind of soil, as I instance in my discourse following of muck, and mingled earth, and to lay it a foot thick on the worst part, of his barren ground he might in the easiest manner concontrive a thousand loads in a year & thereby questionless have divers acres of the best sort of Saffron; and this soil will so fertilise the waste ground under it with the addition of the muck water in case of dry weather, that the lands will be fit for any advantageous uses whatsoever, etc. Probatum est.  

Observ. 1.  
Item French Pease will yield thirty pound per acre, charge little, and much enrich the ground for corn afterwards they have been known afford five hundred for one.   

Observ. 2.  
Mustard seed thirty pound an acre de claro, and will afford very good crops, for several years without replanting upon ordinary ground, and will thrive very well upon Ditches newly cast up.   

Observ. 3.  
Tassels for Cloath-workers, about thirty pound an acre de claro, and will thrive and prove very well here in England, and very useful, being rightly planted, and with the best seed.   

Observ. 4.  
Madder for dying for the Apothecary worth 7 d. per pound, & will grow very thick on the ground and advance five pound an acre and upwards de claro, it will thrive best in sandy ground as the other, and is constanly vendible at high rates.   

Observ. 5.  
Osiers above twenty pound an acre on wet ground, without trouble or charge, after the first planting, and when there are store of them there will be no want of Manufactorr, for thither they will questionless resort and inhabit.   

Observ. 6.  
There is a Tree called the Abel, there being none of the Plants to be had, unless they be sent for out of France, but in one place in England, thirty pounds being laid out about these plants will render at the least ten thousand pound at eighten years, and without any other charge, trouble, or impairing, the Grass in the field where they grow: This is confirmed by an Honourable Knight here in London, every Tree of them, so being rightly planted, will afford in a short time thirty plants, and every one of these thirty will afford thirty more, and these Trees are at their full growth in twenty years, and after seven years' growth improveth every year twelve pence, until the time is up, it groweth very straight, and is most comely either in the Fields or walks, this Timber hardly hath its parallel, for all sorts of wooden Vessels, as Trayes, Bowls, etc. and so likewise for Carts, it being exceedingly light, very tall in growth, and a very white wood.  
The manner of the planting them I shall hereafter more at large discover, with the condition of the soil where they are to be planted, their usual distance one from another, under ten foot, you may likewise provide French furze seeds, and sow them amongst these Trees, where there is want of such fuel, they will grow very fast and big in a short time, with great stocked bodies, and will soon spread their tops, and become very large and high, far transcending our English Furze, and these, together with the other Trees, will afford a considerable profit, and this place may likewise be very much for pleasure, and very profitable for the sheltering of Pheasants and other Fowls.    

Chap. 10. To illustrate the profit of Ground, by planting of Woods.  
I Knew a Gentleman that set an Ash-tree before his House, which forty years after he was offered for it thirty pounds, and it is certainly to be proved, that a Gentleman in Holland sold five hundred Ashes at fifty years groweth at a far higher rate, and that another man in the same Country planted so much wood inhis life time for the which he was offered fifty thousand pound.  
There is a Gentleman now living in Essex that can lop off his own ground two thousand Willows every year out of the number he formerly planted. His improvements of grounds for Orchards twenty pound an acre per annum, twenty acres four hundred pound.  
A Gentleman in Kent, besides the great benefit he converteth the ground to otherwise, advanceth to himself yearly for Cherries and other fruit of his own planting at least five hundred pounds.  

Certain Observations.  
There is a Knight now living in England that got a thousand pounds per annum by planting Carrots in a mere sandy ground.  
2. There are divers in London that will give thirty pound an acre to sow Clove Gilly flowers, and so for many years. I especially by means of the Muck water, and the muck, the like benefit made per annum of red Roses.  
3. There are about London that do make two hundred pound an acre by gardening, and exceeding great profit may be made thereby in most places of England, which may be performed, only an experienced Gardener of London told me they usually fat their Cows and Swine with the offal of Gardening-stuff    

Chap. 11. To preserve Horses in a very good Condition without hay.  
AN honourable Knight in Kent, and a Doctor there of fifteen hundred pound per annum, have not given their Horses any hay these twelve years, but only chopped straw, cut small, with such a Knife as they cut hay withal, they mingle with a handful of Oats, half a peck of this Straw so cut, and put into the Manger, several times in the day, and let them drink often, and in this manner they use all their Horses both that work and travel; you may put in the paste of Turnips instead of the Oats, which being used thereunto will do as well and better, and satisfy all expectations with very great success, without any additional food; cut, chop, and shred all your Furs-tops, and give them to your Horses, and they will exceedingly thrive therewith, this I received from the greatest Lord of Scotland, which was the continual custom of his Servants.  
Item a Gentleman travelling much, when others gave their Horses that traveled at the least half a peck of Oats, he gave his Horse but one half pennyworth of Carrots, where he could have them. I have know the like increase with Turnips, no food exceeding them for health and feeding.  
In Kent and Hurtford-shire they usual cut all their Oats and Pease small, and give them their Horses, with chaff or cut straw; by which means they eat up all and thrive exceedingly therewith, and feed thereon the more greedily.   

Chap. 12. Of Hops.  
OUt of a small plot of ground, scarce an acre and an half, a Gentleman got by Hops in one year at least one hundred and eighty pound.  
A worthy Friend of mine, out of less than a quarter of an acre of Ground received hately for Hops in one year ten pound, and for several years besides; which ground in my knowledge was very much neglected, otherways would have returned many more, being they stood much protected from the Northern winds.  
The last year a Gentleman experienced, used Muck-water, by watering his Hops therewith, only at the very roots, whereby he had a return beyond expectation, and is resolved thereupon to take in more grounds for that purpose; the improvement that may happen thereby cannot in any rational man's judgement, but be exceeding great, being the liquor doth exceed your ordinary muck.  
He likewise planted upon the Hop-hills divers seeds of Pumpions, the running branches thereof being turned into the paths with sticks, and causing the superfluous branches to be cut off, leaving only about three of them that were well knotted; he made a double benefit thereby, part whereof was sold at good rates, the rest were boiled in the manner of Turnips, & he caused his  & Swine to be said therewith, to his great advantage, so with these and with Turnips, he boiled all the Barley chaff he could get, which made the Liquor the thicker, and proved more commodious to his , and sometimes when bran was to be had at reasonable rate, he caused it to be boiled therein, otherwise the Liquor was only used.  
The usual way of keeping the roots of his Pompion plants, was to get all the pieces of Pots, Dishes, and old Vessels, that would hold Water, and filling them with the former Liquor, he caused the end of an old rotten list or rag to be put into the Vessel, and the other end unto the Pompion plant; which would descend unto the root, and the Liquor being thereby drained out of the old Vessels they were seasonably replenished, from which occasion he had the fairest Pumpions that ever were beheld, and the Hops wonderfully improved thereby: he had also by virtue of this Liquor white Strawberries, six inches compass, which may at any time be attested, and such kind of roots, and Gardening-stuff, that the like for the generality was never seen before.   

Chap. 13. Of Flax.  
FLax will yield thirty or forty pound an acre, sandy, barren, and heathy ground is best for it, and after Flax, Turnips, one acre of good Flax accounted worth three or four acres of the best Wheat, and the Liquor hath much advanced the goodness thereof.  
The best time for the sowing thereof is about the beginning of April, presently after a shower of rain, which may abundantly be supplied by the Engine, and Muck-water following; some do usually sow Flax until the end of May, and some after.  

Observe. 1. Of Bees.  
There are divers places in England that would maintain one hundred hives of Bees, without providing conveniency of food for them, and it was an easy thing to get five hundred pound per annum by Bees in places convenient.   

Observ. 2.  
To make trees bear much and excellent fruit, and to advantage them in their growth half in half, is only by the scasonable application of the Muck-water, and the water following for worms.   

Observe. 3. A way how to recover an old Tree.  
When a tree is spent and hath done bearing, underprop it so as that it may be steadfastly supported that the body may not sink, then take away the earth under the roots, and add thereunto good rich Mould to the empty places, or your best mixed earth, with the Muck-water, and you shall perceive the tree to revive again, flourish, prosper, and bear fruit more plentifully than ever it did, so may you do with a tree that is fallen down.   

Observe. 4. To make barren Trees bear much, and exceeding good fruit.  
First split the root of an old tree, and add thereunto Pingeons dung, Lees of Wine _____ and a little Brimstone, or any such thing, as you shall understand to be destructive to worms, which composition hath been often tried.   

Observ. 5.  
I have known a Vine planted upon the top of an Oak that did yield abundance of excellent Grapes, very large, pleasant and full of Juice, and why not many Oaks so planted. In ground fit to be digged up, to set corn, and thereby to reap an hundred for one, and all charges born, and less than a peck of wheat will fat an acre, and with the use of Muck-water, a far greater increase.  
That one good digging being it goeth deeper than the Blow, and thereby destructive to all sorts of weeds, and Grass, is as good as three plowings, if the Land be mellow, and the charge is no more.  
This course would employ hundreds & thousands, and the ground be made convenienter for other crops, which would be far greater. If we set a grain of Corn, as Wheat, Barley, etc. it usually produceth three hundred and four hundred for one, according to experience, but if you sow Wheat the accustomed way six for one is accounted a good crop.  
If the same quantity of acres of poor, heathy, barren Land, by producing Flax, Turnips, and Clover-grass will yield more profit than the richest Land that beareth, wheat, Barley, Meadow, and good pasture, then by consequence the poor Land is better than the rich.  
It is also justified that two acres of corn being equally sown, if the Muck-water be in time cast over the one acre, sufficiently either with the Engine, or otherwise, that acre shall exceed the other five for one, and upwards.  
You may have six times more Hay, in a Meadow when it is turned up with the Blow, or a Cutting-knife, and sowed thick with the Ashes, burnt of out the substance thereof.  
But the rain must follow first, otherwise use the Muck-water or ordinary water, with the Engine, then sow the Meadow with the seed of trefoil, and blow and harrow them, or in some ground you may use a strong Iron rake; let the first Grass that groweth thereon be very ripe that it may fall off itself, then let some pass over it rakes and cords, and stir it that it may fall out afterward, let it be mowed off, and carried to a certain place where it may be conveniently dried, and the Grass will grow again presently, and may be mowed again in that year.   

Observ. 6.  
There are ways to make rushy ground bear very good grass, first plough it up, than Marl it, or plough and burn it, according to the usual custom, and being wet trench it, and then add a proportion of the muck following thereunto, with being rightly ordered will exceed the ordinary muck five for one, and upwards.   

Obser. 7.  
To make Corn-ground, quite out of heart, and worn out, to afford as good a Crop on the last year of the lease as ever it did before, and this hath been performed by steeping the Corn, and muck Water.  
Sow with your Oats, the bottom of a Hay-mow, and although your Land be out o 'sheart, and very poor, you may have that year, not only a Crop of Oats, but also a Crop of Grass likewise, which was spared till the next year, that it might beget a good sword, etc.  
There is a workman that made a Cart to draw as much with one horse as with five, and is still living at Dedford.  
An Honourable person near London, hath devised a Plough that with one horse, and a boy, will perform as much in a day, as his neighbours, only with the partition of a hedge between them, upon the same sort of ground, can dispatch with four or five horses, and two men besides; the Gentleman doth advance, twenty for one, in an Acre, more than his neighbours can do, and these people, when they have been very much cast behind, have been offered the help of this Plough, but they have refused it, because they would not alter their ancient course.  
The same Gentleman hath like, wise a Cart with three wheels, wherewith one horse will draw, about forty loads of Muck in a day, to a field of some distance, neither is the horse put to any hardness of labour, for a man may draw the Cart with his hand, & it will pass with great facility, the horse doth not bear any weight at all, he hath likewise a very large Cart with three wheels, wherewith one horse can draw a full load.  
This Gentleman hath likewise a Chariot with three wheels being like the hinder part of a Coach, and hath a seat behind the chair, where his footboy may sit, if the ways prove foul, in which Chariot his wife and himself have traveled eighty Miles, in two days, with one horse, and although he be sufficiently provided with horses, yet he commonly useth his Chariot, and guideth the horse, by the reigns himself with much ease and delight.  
And therewith he hath outgone a Coach and six horses; he constantly useth the same Chariot upon any occasion from his house to London.    

Chap. 11. To make Clay burn as clear as any other fire, and as useful.  
TAke one third part of small pit Coal, or sea Coal, and mingle them together as you would Mortar, then make them up in round balls less than your head, and lay them upon a place, to dry, then lay them upon the fire one upon another and observe the conclusion.  
There is also a sort of Lome, which is of itself combustible, and will with the addition of a few Charcoals; burn very clear and prove exceeding useful. P●●batum est.   

Chap. 12. A way to convey Water under ground up to a very high hill and so to the top of the highest house.  
THis must be performed as it may be seen, at Barkhamsted, in Hartfordshire, by a wheel, leaving the rest (to avoid prolixity) to be demonstrated by discourse.  

Observ. 1.  
Out of two pecks and a half of Rape seeds, sown near York the last year, there was sold as much of the seed as came to forty pounds.   

Observ. 2.  
There is a sure way to feed old cattles fat in a short time, and to make the meat as tender as the youngest.  
First make them as poor as you can possible, then turn them to very good fresh grass, by which means you may enjoy your desire.   

Observ. 3.  
To make Heifers as large again as their dams, and as formal as the fairest Oxen, only by spaying them while they are young, and they will sell at the rates equal with Oxen.   

Observ. 4.  
I Have known Gentlemen that have caused Tares to be sowed amongsts their Grass in their Meadows, which thereby have afforded a double proportion of fodder for their Cattles, and to very great advantage.  
There is a Gentleman who doth usually sow several Acres of Fennell, wherewith he feedeth, and fatteneth his Cattles in a very short time, and one Acre thereof will extend very fare, and will afford several Crops in one year, according to the Sowe-thistle, the oftener you cut it, the thicker it will grow, and once sown it will continue many years without trouble, you may give it your Cattle in Racks by bundles as you cut it.   

Observ. 5.  
Another doth usually and privately, every year, sow divers Bushels of Bay salt on his Corn ground, and to the admiration of all his neighbours, he hath constantly better Crops of Corn, by far than any of them, they being wholly ignorant of his ways. This being made known to a Gentleman, he hath bought great store of Bay Salt at two shillings six-penee per bushel, and being a great husband, and very knowing in husbandry, is confident, to advantage himself much thereby: for there is no Muck or soil Comparable thereunto, both for Grass and Corn, as may evidently appear by the Salt Marshes, in several places of this Nation.    

Chap. 13. To make a sufficient fence, of Sallowes, or Willows, or both, in a very short time.  
LEt your ditch, be ordered according to the usual manner, and and if it may be with good Mould, and take small sticks of Willows, or Sallowes, cut from the trees, and cut the Bark round with the knife, about three inches distant, the one from the other, and place two of the sticks sidewaies, one foot distant, the one from the other, then cover them with earth, and with Mould, and they will soon shoot forth to very good perfection, and from every place so cut round will spring forth a branch, which after they are grown about half a yard, you may cut them off about three inches from the ground, and they will thereby grow the thicker, and become a very complete fence suddenly, and especially if you water them with the muck Water.   

Chap. 14. Of Musk-melons.  
THe way to have as good Musk-melons, as are any in Italy, without the unwholesome use of the muckbeds here in London, is confirmed by the Earl of Dorset.  
Plant them under a Wall, Pale, or Hedge, on the Sunny side, with very good mould, purposely prepared, and underneath the Mould, lay a quantity of fresh Barley straw, and by this easy means, using the seasonable Covertures, and necessary futherance, you may attain to your uttermost desire, without any further trouble; but if you do discern the straw to make the earth too hot, thrust in a stake through the mould to the straw, that the vapour and heat evaporate, and pass forth, this from the Earl of Tenett.  
I shall more copiously enlarge myself herein, with the ready way to ripen them, and such other fruits, before their season, by planting them in dry weather, and every third or fourth day, watering them with warm water.  
Whereas there hath happened an exceeing great destruction of Beanes, Pease, and other corn of late years, by Worms, and other creeping things, both about the City and in most places of the Country, there being no means imagined by any for the prevention thereof, you may observe how to avoid them, both in Fields, Gardens, and at the roots of trees. Take sliced, or bruised Onions, and steep them in Water, all night or longer; add thereunto a proportion of Salt and Soot, and Lime (if you please) or Ashes, in your Gardens you may use it with your watering Pots, especially to the roots of trees. And for the Corn fields the engine following is most proper, which I refer to my after discourse.  
This composition will not leave a Worm in the ground, where it is used, besides it will strengthen the Land very much for Corn, and bring the Trees to much fruitfulness, that were formerly decayed at the roots; if there be Worms, take but a drop or two of the Onion water, and some Salt, put it into a Worm-hole, and the worm will come out, and die presently; and the same water, with Onions and Salt, by drinking a little of it in a morning fasting, at the full of the Moon, will destroy all Worms in men, women and children; you may use only the Onions which will be sufficient.  
A remedy for the worms in men, women and children, you must three mornings before the full of the Moon, give them to drink a quantity of new Milk, and give it them in the morning of the full Moon, and the worms then expecting breakfast as before, they having then as Physicians say, their mouths open, are destroyed.  
To bring into one place, and destroy all Worms, that are hurtful in a Gardens, take the belly or paunch of a Wether newly killed, and all the filth and dung that is in it, and bury the same in the place were they be, cover it a little with the earth, and within two days you may see all the hurtful things resort thither, which you may destroy, as you please, Centaury, Colloquintida and Wormewod are good ingredients to add if need were to the former design to destroy Worms.  
You may at the end of March or February make the ground very wet by casting water thereon, and about eight or nine of the clock, by candle light gather up all the worms, whereby you may destroy them in Gardens.  
Water wherein the leaves and seed of Hemp is sodden, being cast and sprinkled on the earth, will make the worms come out of the ground, if there be any.  
Cabbages pulled up by the roots, & set in sand, in a Cellar or some other room, may be kept all the Winter, or you may hang them up with strings, and so may you keep Artichokes, and other plants, and roots, for constant use, as Carats, Parsnips, and Turnips. In dry weather in October, and November, make a layr of Sand, and a layr of Carrots, cutting away the tops close to the roots, with some of the small ends of the Carrots, and about the last of December, when there is no frost, uncover them, and you may keep them longer if you pair off the the shootings of the upper end of the root, and then lay them in Sand, and so Parsnips, and Turnips.  

Obser. 1.  
In Herefordshire they feed their Swine with Elm-tree-leaves, gathering them in bags.  
There was fifty pound an Acre offered for Tobacco lately in Worcestershire, and at that rate, for several Acres.    

Chap. 14. To get off the Smutt from Wheat.  
FIrst lay a lay of Barley Chaff, than a layer of smutty Wheat, than a layer of Chaff again, than a layer of Wheat, etc. and so thrash it, and it will break very fair.  

Obser. 2.  
Bury Hawthorn Berry's deep in the ground all the winter, then sow them in February, and water them with muck-water, as followeth, and you shall find wonderful expedition in the growth.   

Observ. 3.  
Quicksets are not to be weeded at all after Mich.   

Obser. 4.  
That Wheat being newly sown upon ground, on a hill side, very poor and not worth two shillings an Acre, and never mucked, there was Clover Grass sown amongst the Wheat, which proved to be as rich, and as good a Crop, as ever was seen in England, or ever was known to grow without muck, and after the Wheat was cut, the Clover grew up beyond expectation, and served for excellent pasture, all the year following; A very good crop of Clover Grasse was cut in the same year, which was performed by steeping the Wheat (in Salt Brine) and Lime, which hindered the prejudice of the Crows, birds, worms, etc. The seed was steeped in strong Brine, that would bear an Egg, about twenty four hours.  
First there was laid a lay of the steeped seed spread upon a floor, than a lay of Lyme, upon the corn, than a layer of corn again, etc. The like benefit was made with part of this ground, by sowing of Barley steeped, and mingled with Clover Grass, which ground hath lately afforded three Crops a year of Clover, as high as hath been seen in England, one crop thereof transcending Wheat.  
And that after the wheat is steeped, as before with Lyme, A Gentleman cast the Clover Grasle seeds thereon, often stirring them together with a shovel, the seed did so Concorporate with the Wheat, and Lyme, that it made a wonderful improvement, and doth very much enrich the ground, and totally prevent the Smuttiness of Wheat.  
A Gentleman in Kent would usually with Barley, which being cut, & the Woold which was left standing, and there was very good pasture that year on the ground, in June the year following, the seed of divers acres thereof was sold for six pound an acre being more commodious than wheat, and without charge, which hath been sold formerly for fifteen and sixteen pound an acre.  
Whereas there hath been a thousand bushels of corn utterly spoiled that hath been laid up in storehouses, with an ordinary small black creeping worm which doth usually breed in malt, and have been often seen to cover the Malt all over, and are of that dangerous consequence that part of them will destroy the Malt, and corrupt the Beer that is made thereof, and make it very unwholesome, worms which have been often seen in the like manner to breed amongst Wheat, laid up in great heaps, to the great spoil thereof, the way to destroy them is to get about a Sack full of horse Auts, which be covered in the fields with great heaps of dust, and little sticks; Then shovelling the Corn from the sides of the rooms, and dividing the heaps of corn into several floors, and spaces, lay about a quart of Aunts in several of the bare places, leaving there the full quantity of them, in like manner, and they will become destructive to the worms Immediately.  
The Malt will be by this means restored and rectified, and the Aunts have been observed to vanish suddenly. Sow Oates, and Tares together, and the Oats will thereby grow very rank and high, and the Tares will Climb up with the Oats, and thrive the better, be it far in May, you may cut this Crop, and dispose of it for fodder, and the same summer you may have another crop which will come up more advantageously than the other.  
A Gentleman of Richmond, hath this year about thirty acres of S. Foyne which is of exceeding great estimation with him, and with diversothers, not without sufficient cause, he preserveth his seed to be ordered for greater Crops, the benefit it affordeth on that sort of ground, being a very dry hard soil is two Crops in a Summer, and two loads on an acre, and for pasture, it is of most admirable repute, and equally fruitful for Milk-cows, with the other, being commonly on dry barren ground, not worth twelve pence an Acre.  
Virginia wheat will yield here in England five hundred for one, being discreetly ordered, with muck, and then muck water; A Gentleman not far from London doth usually sow these seeds in the bellies of Sprats, or some other fish, whereby they come to a more seasonable maturity, and with greater advantage.    

Chap. 15. To recover old Trees.  
TAke the quantity of a quarter of a peck of Horse blood, or Ox blood tempered, with about half a peck of Pigeons dung, make it up into soft paste, which will be rare to apply to the greater roots, and aged Trees, fastening the same paste about the roots after they have been lain bare, and have taken air some few days, which course will certainly recover a Tree or Vine that is near dead, & will make them put forth blossoms and fruits afresh, which must be done about the middle of February.  
Apply it to the Vine about the beginning of March; you may likewise recover old Trees, by applying to the Roots, before the Sap cometh up, & to make your trees flourish, and prosper very well, round about the body of the Trees make many holes with a crow of Iron, about six weeks after Michaelmas, and power into the holes your rich muck water, or Ox blood, and fill them up with good mould, etc.  

Observ. 1.  
If you would have Poles, Posts, & Stakes, Pales, which you drive into water last long, burn them well at the ends, so far as they are to be in the ground, and they will continue without decaying many years; this course a Gentleman in Cheshire used about five years since, and the Posts, and Pales, are still standing without repair.   

Obser. 2.  
To help a Chimney that is dangerosly on fire, let two or three persons, take a Blanket, or Coverlet, and hold it close to the mouth of the Chimney, that no air may enter, and with a close board, cover the the top of the Chimney, and the fire for want of air, will soon be extinguished.  
A Gentleman of great worth in Hartfordshire, did lately confidently affirm unto me that at Hutcher in that shire, they did bestow three thousand pound per Annum in Rags in London, and altough they have been infected with the plague, very often, they find such benefit by them, that they constantly use them, which they chop into pieces and then dispose them upon their Corn ground, they likewise buy all the shaved Rabbits skins they can get for money, and all the shaved horn, and Sheep's trotters, the last being best of all, excepting Sprats, which when they are sold at a penny or 2 pence a peck, being often thrown about streets, upon muckhills, there cannot be a more fruitful Manure than they are, and every other unsound fish.   

Obser. 3.  
Chaff will heat and ripen unripe Apples.  
The drosseor that which is left after the pressing out of Lyntseeds, is exceeding profitable for the feeding of Cattles, as the other Rapeseeds, with turnips.  
Hempseeds given to Hens in Winter will make them lay oftener than ordinary seeds or corn.    

Chap. 16. To feed and fatten all sorts of Poultry and Fowl.  
Boil Butchers blood, which is easily to be had, with a good qantity of Bran, mingsed therewith, or grains, which is not so good, until it come to the manner of a blood pudding, which will feed your Fowl as fat as you will desire them to be.  
Some do use to feed Fowl with Carrots, Turnips, Parsnips and Pumpions sodden and mingled, with Bran, or corpse Pollard  
Turkeys will become very fat in a short time, and prosper exceedingly with bruised Acorns.  
You may soak Chip, and other Crusts of bread in broken beer or fleeten Milk, and feed your Capons and Hens fat presently.  

Obser. 1.  
To prevent blasting of Corn under God, is to change the seed, or by soaking it in the best muck water, or mixing it with Lyme, and water as before, and the Corn being seasonably steeped, to add thereunto the Lime, or Ashes, or both, and being thereby fixed unto them and so sown, hath been a special remedy these many years.   

Obser. 2. Concerning muck, and muck water.  
Land floods are of gallant improvement, and such as come from the washing down of road ways, great towns, the soil of pastures, fertile fields, commons dunghills, etc. If Marle be good for grass and corn, which is most certain, than water mingled therewith must necessarily be of the same virtue.   

Obser. 3.  
And if tainted water, coloured water, and water putrified, water thick, and fat waters in ponds, etc. the riches of all these being allowed to be unvaluable for steeping of corn etc.   

Obser. 4.  
And if the sea from the fat and brackish nature of itself do so wonderfully enrich the lands, and salt mingled with corn hath a very good operation because its brackishness is fruitful to the land, and if steeping the corn either in fat water, Lyme water, Dung water, etc. be of wonderful effect to make strange things which is most true.   

Obser. 5.  
The residence of water that comes from Chalky and Lymestone grounds, or be coloured with land floods, doth fatten the ground exceedingly, these being all confirmed by those of great judgement and experience.   

Obser. 6.  
By some part of these experiments, a Gentleman which had but five or six acres of Hay, he had twenty four loads in the same meadow, which may be made apparent.   

Obser. 7.  
By Flooding (as Master Plate saith) who was a man of the greatest judgement and experience in Husbandry, who improved lands from three hundred shillings to three hundred pound per annum. He likewise highly commendeth Moats, and standing Pools, which may yield (as he saith) great store of excellent manure, and that by the blessing of God, most wonderful and miraculous things have been effected by those means.   

Obser. 8.  
And farther great virtue, and worth, 'tis Concluded, there is in Mud of Rivers, standing Pools, and Ditches, being the soil of pastures, and fields, common ways, yards, and dunghills.  
Shovelling of streets, highways, yards, and overswathes, of common land, and other lands of commons, near hedges, is very good both of themselves, and also compounded with other soil.  
Mingling of grounds is exceedingly advantageous, etc. Which may be conceived of the muck water following, 'tis effected in Case of drought in time of Summer, and in the heat thereof, now and then wetting over the Land, which had it been known and used this Summer might have done millions of good.  
These being Concluded, to be all excellent helps, and exceeding great advantages, I could wish that those that have great proportions of lands, should be provided with a convenient Moat or standing Pool, in some part of their grounds, and if they have not any such pond, rather than to be without it, to dig one that will contain water, and may be supplied constantly therewith by a channel from a river, or from Moats, that are maintained by springs, and rather than fail from a Pump, or some other devise orconveniencie with pipes of Lead, Wood, or earth, or with the Engine that followeth in the subsequent papers.  
This being Completed, and having water sufficient, let the first ingredient be a quantity of crumbling Marl, if there be any near, and with a strong Iron Rake fixed to a long Pose, let the Marl be stirred at some times of leisure to and from you, to thicken the water, then having store of Poultry Fowl, and Pigeons, to be very careful to preserve their dung; especially the dung of Rabbits, if any be to be had, all which, or part thereof, being cast into the Pond, to stir it sometimes as before, then having sheep, where they sit a nights in fold, you may get store of their dung, and use as the other,  
In the like manner dispose of all your Cow and Horse dung without the straw, and spare as many of your grains, after brewing as you can, seeing you may provide sufficient food for your Swine otherwise, and to get as much of these sorts, as you can conveniently, or if you have any of these following, that you can conveniently spare, viz. Lynt-seed, Oil, Lees of Wine, Ale, Bear, Perry, Cider, Beef-broth, the Brine of Poudring-tubs, scrape of _____ or sweep thereof, or any liquid brackish fatness, greasy matter, or any thing that comes from or is of the fleshly matter of the creat●●e, whether by Sea or Land, that hath a secret operation in it to the Earth, likewise to cast into the pond a proportion of Lyme, fat Chalk that is not stoned, and some bay Salt, and what blood you can get, and urine, which is most excellent for all sorts of ground, and whatsoever you shall think in your own judgement to be helpful and advantageous thereunto.  
This work being performed, you are to provide a vessel containing a Tun, or there abouts, and being placed in a Cart, with broad wheels without Iron, such as are in London, that they may not Root the ground much, bringing the Cart to the Pond, fill the vessel with a tunnel and a Pail at a Staffs end, such as Brewers use for that purpose, or you may cause a little scaffold to be made, such as Brewers have at the Thames side, by which means you may soon fill it and Carry it to the fields, or hill sides, and then to provide an Engine which I am now finishing, in part like that they use in London, when houses are on fire, which being placed in the midst of the street, will cast water to the appermost part of the highest house, and after this manner I have seen them water sufficiently a great plat of grass: An Engine contrived in manner like this, will water an Acre compass at one standing, and then being drawn with low wheels, or otherwise may be removed to any other place.  
A reasonable quantity of the Muck water will serve an Acre completely, and what virtue this commixture may have in it, I leave to all impartial Judgements, which I confidently have experimented in small parcels, & but with a Gardning waterpot, I have found that it hath exceeded the best sort of muck by many degrees, which liquor must be applied to the Land, when it is fed as low as may be, and the hill sides being watered in this Manner the lower grounds will far the better, by showers of rain, and the washings from thence.  
And for Corn ground, there is an other way to be used with this Engine, being it may be contrived in manner of a Sedan with four legs, carried empty with two men, and set down without prejudice at all, the men passing with it only in the furrows, and then being set down and used there, may afterwards be removed to another place, as occasion requireth, the Cart being drawn to some lane and place in the field, with the vessel of water where it may do no hurt to the tilled lands: I have concluded in my thoughts, how to convey the water from the vessel, to the Engine, without treading or soiling the lands at all, which is so facile, and will be allowable in any man's judgement, & so continuing always with so little charge, that I am not able at the present to impart it with my pen, without too much prolixity, and therefore I crave leave otherwise to finish my discourse.  
This Engine being placed in a Centre, will cast the Liquor before and behind, and on both sides, that it will mildly fall down, like a shower of rain with wonderful success, and may be used with ordinary water very advantageously, the Compass of an Acre, of ground, at a time, on a dry time in summer both to growing Corn, and Grass, with very much advantage.  
I have known Husbandmen, after they have sown their Corn, they would pray that it would please God to send a shower of rain, and this Engine, with the blessing of God, will at any time comply with their desires, and make the earth so fruitful, that in my knowledge one acre so watered, I mean with the muck water, will render near, if not fully twenty times more benefit, than any other acre, being tilled in the same manner, which will be (I am confident) as great a benefit to this Nation as ever was devised, besides I shall be able to help any man with an Engine for a small matter that will be very useful to water grounds in this nature, and exceeding convenient and commodious for Gardens, which will likewise wash off Caterpillars from all manner of Fruit-Trees, and those that grow against the Walls, and those that will alter the leaves and fruit beyond belief, experience shall confirm as much unto you.  
When your Corn is likewise steeped in the Liquor about some four and twenty hours, according to my after directions, you may expect a far greater fertility and profit, which hath been seen above one hundred for one in Corn.  
When you have emptied your Pond, for these purposes, you are then before you fill it again to get out the mud, I mean the residence of the commixture, and to rake it out upon the bank side, which you may perform with the back of an old Armour; these, or one of them, being strongly fixed upon a Poles end with Iron, the inward part of the Armour bending towards you, will rake up all the mud by degrees, with much facility, and thereby you may cleanse any River or Moat, without diverting the Watercourse going into the water, or let the water out of Moats, etc.  
I have known Rivers about Colebrook, above forty years since, let a yard lower, besides the great benefit of drawing the Rivers, and the mud so taken out of the Rivers, called small Codd was so exceeding rich, that they were miraculously advantageous otherwise, which I shall hereafter discover.  
When you have gotten out this mud you are before to provide a convenient place for your Straw, muck from the Stables, and Cow-Houses, etc. which must be contrived in this manner, or other such way according to the fancy of the Owner, viz. to encompass the place where you lay your muck with a Brick wall, about four foot high, only leaving a place for entrance, to fill out the muck in Carts, and by any means to cause the flooring to be staunch, not to soak, and drink in the water of the Muck-hill at all, but rather for the prevention thereof, to make such a pavement of Brick-stone or Freestone if it may be had near, and the floor to be made with a little descent on both sides to the middle, that the water may pass out in a Channel into some wooden Vessel, or cistern that may stand in the Ground near, and so low, that the Muck-water may pass into it, which may be contrived so full of virtue and fertility, that the worth of it is of high esteem, (being once truly experienced) will transcend exceedingly, and cannot be bought at too dear a rate.  
There are many places where the Ground is so firm it needs not any other bottom, and the Liquor may be made by the meaner sort in Vessels, without a Pond, for small parcels of ground, and thereby the other charges might be saved, but I first conceive it to be more proper to lay in the same quantity.  
Then by digging a pit to cast certain Loads of good Sand upon the Straw, and then loads of other Earth to concorporate with it, which if it were commixed at the first it were better, but I leave the disposing of that to knowing Husbandmen, to be ordered according to the condition of the soils, being certain that any kind of earth that is moist digged out of pits without stones, may be so mingle as it may be excellent fruit full soil, as Sand with Clay, Loam with Chalk, etc. the one very much enriching the other, as gravel ground Dunged with Chalk, and Chalk mingled with Gravel for want of Dung; but you may use if you please only Sand, than the muck out of the Pond or Earth of Commons near the Ditch-sides, and Hedges, mud of standing Pools, Seaweeds, which are excellent soil, shovelings of Streets, Yards, Highways, and leaves of Trees: as also Sea sand, or any liquid brackish fatness, greasy or oily matter, tarry stuff, pitchmarks, the blood and offal of Beasts, empty marrowbones, the dressing and remainder of Trotters of sheep, which are most excellent, the cuttings or shave of Horns, hair, which is best to lay them upon the ground before the Corn is sown; then suffer the Swine to mussel it up and down.  
Pilchers after the oil is taken from them, the garbage of stinking Sprats, or the best of them when they are plentiful and cheap, they being cried sometimes for a penny a peck about the Streets in London.  
Upon your mud lay more straw, then more loads of Sand, etc. and as your judgement shall direct you, some Lime properly disposed, and some fat Chalk or Marle in equal wreathes, you may likewise cast it over in the right place with some Bay salt, and sometimes when the Straw is uppermost, or otherwise you may spare some of your Pond water, and scatter on all the mass that will occasion the other to concorporate the better; and afford more, and richer Dung-water.  
By this means, and with indifferent charge, you may have manure sufficient to serve all your Land, and such, that one load being rightly ordered shall maintain it as well as some ten loads of your common sort of muck, and the water that comes from it will be so rich for the steeping of your seed, that the discourse thereof till experimented would be incredible.  
A Gentleman did lately assure me, that the brine of powdering Tubs did afford him as good a crop of Corn, as ever was seen grow; urine of Mankind is of very great worth to cast upon the Muck-hill.  
Wood-ashes are best next to Soap ashes, which hath a vigorous operation of itself, and Soot is excellent good also, and likewise for Pasture, being only strewed over it.  
You may sometimes cast the water that draineth from the Muck, upon the muck heaps again, which will afford the more vegetative salt, and descend to the former receptacle more fructiferously, upon which mass and heap of muck, I must instance the necessary and most beneficial way of a covering or shadow, which I will not insist upon, but leave the result thereof, to the consideration of profounder Judgements, only thus much I desire to impart to the apprehensions of others, that the salt muck heaps being exposed in Winter, to the constant showers of rain, do lose much of their strength, the uppe part thereof being hardly worth the carriage, and spreading upon the ground.  
There are ordinary muck places that have very staunch bottoms, and will contain the water without any farther charge, although the virtue and goodness of the liquor in a short time make restitution to countervail all expenses.  
And farther, concerning the steeping of Corn to manifest the benefit of muck water. In the heat of Summer, when the Sun hath exhaled a great part of the coloured water from their moats and Dunghill-pools, and that it groweth thickish and far, then reserve a good pitfull thereof well bottomed with Clay, that will hold water, and in seed time steep your seed in it, but put the far water to it by little and little, as it drinkerh it up, that at the last it may be almost dry, sift a small quantity of Lime amongst it, that so it may grow dry with the Lime, then with this seed sow or set your most remote grounds from your dunghill, and by this means you will save ten times as much labour in carriage of the Dung.  
Hereby excellent crops have been obtained beyond expectation, and not subject, being new sown, to be devoured with Fowls.  
I have sometimes occasioned the splitting of the Corn, as they use to do for malt, and then have sown it, and it came up speedily, and got the predomination of the weeds at first, and so kept the same, whereby it became of better increase than ordinary, and it hath been sufficiently experimented, that when a dry season came upon sowing, that the Corn thus ordered took root far better than other men's.  
It hath been an ancient Custom to steep. Beans in salt water, being usual in Kent to steep the Barley when they sow late, that it might grow the faster, and also to take away the soil from wild Oats, Cockle, etc. which will swim, also much of the light Corn, which is necessary to be taken away.  
If you put Pigeons dung into the water, and let it steep all night, it will be as it were half a dunging.  
Mr. Platt doth highly commend the often macerating and drying of Corn, and it is an excellent way, according to his observation to steep Corn.  
If you cover the ground in Winter which you mean to break up at the Spring with good store of Fearn, it is and hath been a long time generally commended, that it undoubtedly suppresseth the weeds for springing up in Winter, which would much confound part of the heart of the Ground, and doth also much fructify the Ground for all man's of Roots and herbs, and very good to spread about the Allies of Hop-yards, to keep the Ground warm, and to destroy the weeds and grass that would preindice the fertility of the earth.  
Some will burn to Ashes, Roots, and Stubble, the sword and swarth of the Ground together with Fearn, straw, stubble, thistles, heath, sedge, rushes, furs, bean stalks, which do very much advance barren Grounds, and make them most fructiferous.  
Wood mingled with Clods, and superfluous earth, and so burnt, and the Ashes added to some sorts of Clay may be used with no less advantage than Marl.  
And to manifest the benefit of steeping Wheat, etc. it may be performed with less ploughing, and without muck, being provided with a convenient Vessel of Wood, mingle water, Dung, and Corn together, which must be stirred very well several times, in and about Noon, the next day let the water pass away at the top as much as may be, then stir the Dung and Corn very well together, and sow it in a barren soil, and you shall have a very plentiful crop, equal, if not transcending the Corn that hath been fully Husbanded.  
And further, to fortify the ways of steeping Corn to be most admirable, I desire to remember unto you what Mr. Hartlih doth illustrate, viz. put into Quick and unslacked Lime as much water as sufficeth to make it swim four inches above the Lime.  
And unto ten pound of the said water poured off, mix one pound of Aquavitae, and in that liquor steep or soak wheat or other Corn four and twenty hours, which being dried in the Sun or Air, steep it again in the same liquor, four and twenty hours more; and so likewise the third time, afterwards sow them at a great diffance the one from the other, about a foot between each grain, so you will find one grain will produce thirty, thirty six, forty two, fifty two ears, and those very fruitful, with a stalk equalling the stature of a man in height.  
Beat off your walnuts after they are full ripe, and in the green husks, or without put them into good ordinary earth in a Barrel or a Basket until the beginning of mid March following, get as much warm milk from the Cow as will steep them four and twenty hours, than set them in ground well digged, and natural for such fruit, with their little ends upwards, about three or four inches deep, and they will according to experience exceedingly prosper, set them near one foot asunder, and in a right line to weed them, at four years' growth transplant them, and use the Muck water to the roots, according to discretion, which will exceedingly advantage them in their growth, and so likewise all other plants and trees, Quicksets, etc. being well moulded, which will put them forward to such perfection, that you will comfortably admire thereat, which hath sufficiently been tried of late, these are excellent for Oil, preserves, and conserveses, choose the fairest Wallnuts you can get, when you transplant, do the utmost to preserve the top roots, that being bruised expect not the tree to thrive, but it will die and fail at the best.    


Chap. 16. A Discovery of the benefit might be made with part of 500 acres formerly limited; and so accordingly by other parcels.  
IMpr. Rape-seed 20 acres. 0400 l.  
Mustardseed 20 acres. 0400  
Liquorish 20 acres. 1600  
Hops and Pumpions 20 acres. 1000  
Saffron 20 acres. 0400  
Flax 20 acres. 0400  
Clover grass 20 acres. 1000  
Roman Beans 20 acres. 1060  
Tobacco 20 acres. 0600  
Improvement of Ground for Orchards, woade. 20 acres.  
Madder 20 acres. 0400  
French Beans 20 acres. 0400  
Pumpions and Cabbages 40 acres. 0400  
Tassels 2 acres. 0050  
Osiers 5 acres. 0125  
Clove July Flowers, and red Roses 5 acres. 0100  
Milch Kine. 0100  
Feeding . 0100  
Rabbits in Hutches. 0500  
Malt.  
Poultry and Fowl. 0020  
Pigeons. 0020  
Swine. 0020  
Bees. 0100  
Silk worms. 0500  
A Decoy. 0040   
Oats hath been made 300 l. per acre, the times being still seasonable therefore, Coriander seed need no Dung, and will grow very well here.  
Anniseeds will grow very well in England, and so Commin seed, Fennel-seed, and Canary seed.  
Asparagus once sown will last twelve years.  
These before specified, one with another, will afford twenty pound an acre yearly.  
When you have composed good store of muck with earth, as before, you may lay of the best mould, some thickness upon the basest Ground, and thereon set wheat, and you may have as good crops as you can desire, or ever was known in England, the upper sourd of that Ground by means of the mould will be much improved thereby, and the soil likewise underneath, and you may farther at pleasure advantage the mould to the greatest height with your Muck water, and by this means you may have all other commodities in abundance, proper for such rich soil, or appertaining to Gardening, as Saffron, etc.  

Observ. 1.  
Graft Apples upon Cherry stocks, and the fruit will be exceeding red.   

Observ. 2.  
To make Roses by inoculation grow upon Cherry stocks.    

Chap. 17. To make Vines grow upon Cherry stocks.  
PLant them together, and when the Vines have put out long small branches, bore a hole in the Cherry stock, that the branch may easily go through; take up the upper bark, until it come to the Green, and let it grow there, when it is well grown cut off the Vine below, stroke the Ground according to the ordinary ways, 〈◊〉 it well and you will have your 〈◊〉.   

Chap. 18. To make five sorts of Roses grow upon one Stock without inoculation.  
WHen they begin to knot, bore with an Awl under the knot, and with a feather put Green in one, and Yellow in another, Red in the third, and Blew in the fourth, and close up all the holes handsomely.  
Put the blood of Pikes before you put in the Grafts, dip the end of the Graft in it, and you shall have red Apples; but they will be redder by far, if you graft them upon Cherry stocks.   

Chap. 19 To make Roses smell strong, and unsavoury.  
PUt Garlick close to the Root, and so with Lilies, for they have all a sympathy.  
To make a red Rose become white, as it groweth, kindle Brimstone, and smoak the Rose with it at your pleasure, and it will become white presently.  
Take the roots of divers colours of Gillyflowers, bind them together, and set them in the ground in good mould, and you shall have them various in one stock.  

Obser. 1.  
Put Rosemary in Juniper, and it will endure the Winter the better, and smell more fragrantly.   

Obser. 2.  
To make Parsley spring up in few hours; steep the seed in sweet milk, and straw your bed you mean to sow with unquenced Lime upon it three times, then sow your feed, and strew once more of your Lime upon it, and upon that earth well prepared, than water it well with temperate Muck water as followeth, and you may according to discretion enjoy your expectation.   

Obser. 3.  
Lay Beans and Pease in warm Oil, or in the best Muck water, let them lie nine days, then dry them, and in the mean time to try them; you may be assured, that what you set in any man's presence, they shall spring up in few hours, or in a short time.   

Obser. 4.  
To make white Lilies become red, you must very neatly open the cliffs of the roots, and fill the same with any red colour, than set them in fat dunged earth.   

Obser. 5.  
Bore holes in Bay-berries, and put into every hole the seed of Artichokes, wrap them in dung, and put them into the ground, whence come such sweet and pleasant Artichokes, that better were never eaten.  
The like may be if you steep seeds three days in sweet smelling water, when you set your Cabbage Plants wrap them at the roots round about with fresh Cow's muck, and when they are ripe they will smell most delicioufly like Musk, and thrive exceedingly.   

Obser. 6.  
If Roses and Lilies be planted nigh together, or that they touch one another, the flowers of them will smell the more curiously, and thrive the better.   

Obser. 7.  
Gather green Beans from the stalks, being ripe and fully grown, and ready to eat, then immediately cut off the stalks, within a handful of the root; and if the weather be dry, apply unto the roots some of your muck water and more branches will shortly spring out, whereupon will spring forth new Beans, & more plentiful, and rather better than before; whereby you may have near threefold encreafe, and two several gatherings of Beans in one year: but by any means take heed that the first gathering and cutting away of the stalks be when the stalks be green, and it is verily believed that Pease will do the like.   

Obser. 8.  
Gather Roses when they be ripe, and presently cut away the new sprung tops, and the uppermost branches of that year, and you shall have new fresh Roses grow again out of the same ear about Michaelmas, & the more plentiful by applying the Muck water seasonably to the roots.  
Graft Roses in the bud upon sweet Bryer, and they will smell most deliciously.  
The roots of Roses, with their slips and knots removed and set amongst Broom, will bring forth yellow Roses.    

Chap. 20. To preserve Chestnuts, and keep them sound.  
LAy them together with walnuts, and they will drink up and consume the humours, whereby they corrupt, and will not suffer them to be moldy. I remember about thirty years since, I set at least half a peck of choice Filberts in a Garden, on dry sandy borders, and finding not one of them to come up, at the latter end of the year I caused the banks to be digged up again, where I found all my Filberts fresh, full, and as pleasant to eat as at any time before, whence you may learn, that burying them in fresh sand, you may preserve them fresh for your eating all the year, especially being kept in the Ground in an earthen pot, so may you use walnuts and small nuts, and the reason why the Fillberts came not up, was for want of moisture, therefore the muck water following will be of excellent use, etc.   

Chap. 21  
ELm tree chips set in Ditches, will in a short time become young Trees, and make a very good fence, and the slips that grow from the roots of Elms being taing off, will grow to great perfection in few years.  
Wild Oats destroyed only by wheat fallow.   

Chap. 22. To keep  from Moths.  
Seethe the Dregs, or mother, or foam of Oil, to the half, and therewith anoint the bottom corners and feet of any Chest or Press, and the  that you lay therein will be freefrom any hurt with Moths, but before you put the  in the Chest, or Press, it must be dry.  

Obser. 1.  
Provide store of Wallnut leaves, and hang them upon thread, one distant from another, when they are throughly dry, strip them in the Chest, or amongst the other , and beds, and within the folds of every Garment; lay Wormwood or Lavender amongst the , and they will be safe from Moths.   

Obser. 2.  
The branches of Bay-rres wrapped up, laid amongst  and Books, will keep them safe from Moths and other corruption.   

Obser. 3.  
To keep Apparel, hang, etc. from moths, brush them several times in the year, with a Brush made of Wormwood tops, and you may rub them with Wormwood, especially when you discern the moths to haunt amongst Hang.    

Chap. 23. To take out spots of Oil, or Grease.  
TAke the bones of Sheep's trotters, and burn them almost to Ashes, then bruise them to powder, and apply it to the spot, and lay all before the Sun when it shines very hot, and when the powder appears to be very black, lay on fresh in the place till it suck out the spots, which may suddenly be effected by the water wherein Lavender is sod, doth take away all spots in Cloth or Hats, if the place be washed and rubbed therewith.   

Chap. 24. To destroy Caterpillars.  
BEsmear all the bottom of the Tree with Tar, then get store of Aunts, put them in a bag, and draw the same with a cord unto the Tree, and let it hang there, so that it touch the body of the Tree, and the Aunts being prevented to go from the Tree by reason of the tar, will for want of food eat, and destroy the Caterpillars, without hurting any of the fruit or leaves.  
No Pismires will touch the same Tree that shall have the lower part thereof rubbed round about with Lupins stamped.   

Chap. 25. To preserve your Trees and Plants from being barked with Cows or Hares.  
BEsmear the bodies of the Trees round about with Lyme, so far as the Cows can possible reach, or you may have Vessels made of pan metal, more than two foot in length, equally round about the compass of a Pottle pot and more, but divided lengthwise in the middle, and so fet together about the Tree.  
Set a Horse head upon a pole in the Garden, and it will banish all Flies that destroy Cabbages and other tender Herbs.  
If you desire to have a white spot, or any part of a Beast turned white, first shave off the hairs, and make the place bore with the fume of Brimstone, and white hairs will come thereon.  

Observ. 1.  
To make a black Star in a white Horse's forehead, take an earthen pan, seethe it well with water, and bray it well in a Mortar, bind this to the Horse's forehead a day and a night, and in few days the white will fall off, and black hairs will grow in place thereof.  
There is likewise a water to be made that hath many admirable virtues, which I shall otherwise relate; lay it on a Horse, and it will eat out the hair, and white hair will grow in the place of it.    

Chap. 26. To take Fish.  
SEt a Candle in a piece of a Cork as even as may be with the water, which will stupefy and attract the fishes unto it, so that with a little hoop Net upon the end of a Cane or Staff you may take them with much facility, or with a shovelnet, etc. which must be in the night.  
Where mud and water is taken out of the Ponds, if the rain water do after come into them, there will become multitude of Eels in a short time; and by this course you many abundantly increase Carp.  
In May dig up two Turfs of new grown Grass, when the dew is on them, then tie the Grassy sides together, and place them in water on the side of a Pond, then let them remain there unmoved, about ten days, and taking up the Turfs, untying or losing them you shall find great store of young Eels within the Turfs, although there were not an Eel in the Pond before, and by tying the turfs together again, and placing them in the same water, a greater increase will come thereof.  

Obser. 1.  
To get the seed of all sorts of fish, take roots of the weeds that grow on the water sides, wash the earth clean from them, bind them to a pole, and set them in a pond, and they will spawn upon them: but observe within a fortnight that they will be alive, and will go off, therefore when you find that they have spawned, lift up the pole, with the weeds, and you may carry them twenty miles to fill other ponds.   

Obser. 2.  
To bring all the Fish in a pond together, take Plattaria or Dioscorides, lay either of them in Honey a day and a night, then let them dry in the Sun, bind them to a string, and cast them into thepond, and all the fish will come to it.   

Obser. 3.  
Sorts of Fish, especially 〈◊〉 〈…〉 that have been brought our of Ireland, by placing them sidewaies in a Basket of wet hay, to carry them in Vessels of water, they will bruise and spoil themselves.    

Chap. 27. To take Moles.  
GEt a pot or glass, which may easily be had in London, that is narrow at the top, and wide at the bottom, and place one of these deep in the ground in the Fields where the moles are, the top of the pot being even with the ground, and in the pot or glass put a stinking Crab, which they will eagerly smell after, and so fall into the pot, and being imprisoned they will call for aid of their fellows, and so be all taken.  
And to bring them all to a place in this manner, fire Brimstone in the like not so placed.  
But first put a live Mole therein, and she will call all the Moles that are near to come to her release, and so be taken; you may use only a live Mole in the pot, without the Crab or Brimstone.  
And you may destroy them by degrees after this manner with a good Spade, and watching the places where they work, observing their constant times, strike upon the Hill with the backside of your Spade, which will amaze them so, that you may dig them up with your Spades, and find them in a manner dead, but they will suddenly recover again, and so you may provide them for your pots. I have seen some taken in that manner with ordinary Clunchions, and some only by stamping your foot upon the place where they work, and to take them with traps when they run back, as is commonly known, you may likewise get some light stocks like arrows, and at the lower end with a white rag on the tops of them, stick lightly in several places of their walk, and as they pass by, the sticks will fall down, and then use your Spade as before.  
At breeding time dig up there Hills where their young ones are in the places where their nests are, being as big again as their ordinary Hills, which you may soon discern, and by that means.  
And so you may destroy all their young, and may take their old by watching a short time for them, after you have made their nests bare.  
A Gentleman caused some two pennyworth of red Herrings to be bought, and cut them into several parts, about six pieces of one Herring, and burning those pieces severally on the Mole hills and other walks about the ground, there was not a Mole ever after seen in that ground.  
Put Garlick, leeks, or an Onion in the mouths of the Mole hills, or in their enterings into the ground, and you shall see them come and leap out presently amazed.   

To take Foxes. Chap. 28.  
TAke off the skin of a Kat, smear the body all over with honey, and roast her at the fire, powder it with powder of young Frogs, train it with a rope about the Foxes haunts to the place you desire to bring them, and they will follow the sent, and may easily be taken.  
I have known some that have used a red Herring, and trained it in that manner, others have used toasted Cheese, and both with very good success.   

Chap. 29. To take Fallow or red Dear, that range in other men's Grounds, or in any other place.  
TAke a mellow Apple, or a mellow Crab, and bait it with a hook, without a beard, in compass of your singer, leaving it in their walk, and fixing it to a pack thread, or whip cord, fasten the other end unto the root of the hedge, or some short stake, if it be in the middle of a Field or Park, then strike a hooked wooden pin into the ground, and the ablest Dear will soon smell the bait a far off, and with very great greediness will swallow it up, to prevent their fellows.  
In this manner Gentlemen have taken divers stags in a Forest; if they be remote from the bait, you may go at a distance from them, and so cause them to incline that way by degrees, when they have received the bait, they will stand as quiet as Lambs, and you may do what you please with them.  
Opium laid in a place where the Dear do haunt or resort, the best of them will soon sent it, and swallow it, and instantly fall down as if they were dead, and yet no harm at all, when you may take them before they recover, and act your pleasure with them.  
If they do not frame their course towards the bait, you may occasion them to incline that way as before.  
I know a Gentleman that took a brace of very fat Bucks in an Afternoon by the former way.   

Chap. 30. To destroy Rooks, Crows, Daws or Magpies.  
PRovide little pieces of Flesh, where you may put the powder of Arsenic, or sublimate, and you will soon be rid of them all, if you lay them in several places where they resort, but you must be careful your Swine eat none of the Crows or Flesh, lest they be likewise poisoned, therefore they must be all either buried or burned.  

Observ. 1.  
Lay a dead Dog, or any Piece of Carriou in a field where they resort, place little pieces of Flesh something near, so poisoned as before, and thereby you may make a sudden dispatch of them all, but keep your Dogs and Swine from that Field, till you have effected your desire.   

Observ. 2.  
You may likewise break an Egg into half, and divide the yolk and the white, and mingle them with a little of the stuff, as before, and placing them in a Garden, or any field where these do usually prejudice you, and they will be destroyed suddenly in the place.   

Observ. 3.  
Or get the Liver of a Beast and cut it in pieces, and put into them the powder of Nux vomica, which being laid in open places, the vermin that eat thereof, cannot fly away, and then you may take them easily.    

Chap. 31.  
TO make Pigeons stay and not stray abroad from their Houses, smear their holes with Arsafetida, mingled with butter.  

Observ. 1.  
To cause them to resort and continue at your Pidgeon-Houses, kill a fat Dog, flay him, and fill his belly full of Cumin-seeds, and roast him dry, then wash the Pigeon holes with water, wherein Cummin seed is sodden: but first cleanse the holes from all filthiness, then lay the roasted Dog upon a broad stone in the Dove-House, and hang a great Glass in the top of the Lover, and three or four looking Glasses in the Dove-House, by some of the holes.   

Observ. 2.  
Also take good Clay, and mingle with the Clay Bay-salt and Cummin-seed, and make a great lump thereof like unto a Sugar loaf, then bake it hard, and set it by the dead Dog, and you may have Pigeons enough.  
FINIS.     

Books printed for Henry Brome, at the Gun in Ivy-Lane.  

THe Soul's Conflict, being eight Sermons, six whereof were preached in Oxford, and attested by the late Reverend Doctor Hewyt.  
Two Essays of Love and Marriage.  
The Queen's Exchange, a Comedy, by R. Brome.  
The Life and Trial of James Nayler.  
The Souls Turn-key, being a Conference betwixt Mr. Hanum and Mr. Tuke Moderator of W. Coll. in London.  
Poems, Epigrams, Satyrs, on several persons, and occasions, by No Body must know whom, to be had Every Body knows where, and for Any Body knows what.  
Doctor Brown of Sepulchral urns, and his Garden of Cyrus.  
Five new Plays by Richard Brome, never before published.  
Shepherd's Duty of Constables in 8.  
St. Benaventures Soliloquies, containing Meditations and Prayers, in 24.    

Books now in the Press, which will shortly be extant.  

THe Alliance of Holy Offices, by Hamon L' Estrange, Esq  
A Learned and long desired Commentary on the whole Epistle to the Philipians, by Nath. Tucker, late Preacher of the Gospel at Portsmouth.    

Speeds Husbandry.   

Horum fabulosorum hominum hoc minùs ferenda est impietas, quod Prophetarum Divinorum & Evangelistarum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scripta ad stabiliendas Vanitaets suas detorquent; & ea Ezekieli, Danieli, & Apocalypseos authori affingunt, quae Sanctissimis Viris ne in mentum quidem venerunt unquam. Scultetus in 2 Tim. 3.1.  
Aureum seculum in Caelis, ferreum in terris expectandum. Idem.