THE HIDDEN TREASURES OF THE Art of Physic; Fully Discovered: IN FOUR BOOKS. 

1 Containing a Physical Description of Man.  
2 The Causes, Signs, and Cures of all Diseases, incident to the Body.  
3 The general Cure of Wounds, tumors, and Ulcers.  
4 A general Rule, for making all kind of Medicines; with the use and Nature of distilled Waters, Juices, Decoctions, Conserves, Powders, Elestuaries, Plasters, etc.   To which is added three necessary Tables, 

1 Shows the Contents of the Four Books.  
2 Explaineth all the Terms of Art which are used in Physic and Chirurgery.  
3 Explaining the Nature and use of Simples, what they are, and where they grow.   A Work whereby the diligent Reader may, without the help of other Authors, attain to the knowledge of the Art .  
By John Tanner, Student in Physic, and Astrology.  
London, Printed for George Sawbridge, at the sign of the Bible on Lud-gate-Hill. 1659.   

To my truly honoured, and worthily respected Friend, Mr. William Beal, of Little Missenden, in the County of Buckingham;  
J. T. Wisheth all Health, Happiness, and Prosperity in this Life, and Eternal Glory in the Life to come.  
Honoured Sir,  
THat which (for the most part) emboldeneth men, to dedicate their Labours unto any Personage, is the affinity between the matter of the Work which they present, and the Mind of him to whom it is presented. I have here swerved from this custom, being altogether too weak to present you with a Work, suitable to your far more excellent parts: Yet when I considered my Design, viz. to serve my Country, and to instruct the unlearned, in this so excellent and necessary a Science; I thought none so fit to patronise and encourage a piece of this nature, than one who hearty desires the public good; which public Spirit, and charitable Principle, I have (in a more than ordinary manner) observed in you; and your poor Neighbours (to their comfort) are daily sensible of. Sir, I need not tell you, how useful, a subject of this nature, may prove to the Commonalty, whose ignorance of their own condition, whilst they are sick, and want of strength of body or purse, to confer with a Physician, proves fatal to many a poor Christian in this Nation. I shall leave this to the consideration of the Reader, and humbly crave your favourable acceptance, of these my weak endeavours, and First-Fruits of my few years hard study: Which if I obtain; my Book, though a Stripling, and very impotent of itself; yet under your favourable protection, I am confident, will manfully obvert and defend itself against the venomous Bitings of Slanderous Tongues, from which it must expect not a little opposition. I hope, nay confidently believe that this poor Infant, though but meanly clad, will find your encouragement, being an honest man's Child, no Vagrant. I beseech you, Sir, excuse my confidence, who dare thus rush into your presence; and demand, without any merit of my own, your favourable protection.  
But it is your good Nature, of which I am an Admirer, that hath so far emboldened me. Had Nature been more liberal to me in Expressions, or had tipped my Tongue with Eloquence; yet I durst not make use of it to you, for I know you delight not in it; nor is myself therewith affected: Therefore, in all humility, sincerity, and plain Language, I subscribe myself,  
Your most affectionate Servant, John Tanner.   

TO THE READER.  
IT is not vainglory (Courteous Reader) arrogancy or presumption, that hath put me upon this Design, viz. publishing this Tractate of Physic: But for some years (having abandoned the hunting after all glistering shows of happiness) I have applied my Mind to the study of Nature; and finding nothing in the World, that God, the Great Creator, hath kept to himself, but made subject to the industrious Capacity of man's soaring Brain. And that the same God, that infused into man a conceivable Mind, to understand the Mysteries of Nature; also gave a Tongue able to express his Conceptions to another, and a Hand to write it for the benefit of Posterity. As there is nothing can make a man approach nearer to the perfection of Nature, which he lost in his Fall; then painful searching into the Secrets of Nature: so there is nothing in Nature can make a man more glorify his Maker, then communicating what he hath found by Search and Industry, to Posterity. These considerations put me upon the Enterprise, not forgetting the saying of Plato, and the Stoics, Non nobis solum nati sumus, ortúsque nostri partem patria vendicat, partem parents, partem amici. Quae in terris gignuntur, ad usum hominum omnia creari, homines autem hominum causa esse generatos, ut ipsi inter se aliis alii prodesse possent: We are not born for ourselves alone, but partly for our Country, partly for our Parents, and partly for our Friends: What ever the Earth hath produced, was created for the use of Man; Man also was created for Man's sake, that they might among themselves profit one by another. These considerations (I say) moved me to pursue this Design; which (though it will not satisfy every detracting Critic, and selfconceited Practitioner) I hope will find acceptance among those, for whom I principally intended it.  
Courteous Reader, I have collected, out of the Works of most of the Ancient and Modern Physicians now extant among us, this Compendium or Abridgement of Physic, much of which I have sealed, & confirmed by the Probatum est of my own Experience, as Providence hath given me occasion. I have not put thy to view, in competition with the Works of so many more grave and Learned Raboys; but for the good of those that want such helps, and are unacquainted with the Latin Tongue; but more particularly for these Reasons:  
First, because many industrious Students have not a Purse to purchase so many Authors. Secondly, others have not a Brain to peruse such lage Volumes; but are at first better able to apprehend much, lying in a little compass; the use of which (as an Introduction) will give them light to pass through larger Volumes with more ease. Third'y, that People void of Learning, and of mean Capacities, may be better able to judge of a Disease by the Symptoms, and give a better Information to an absent Physician, then to set him to juggle in the Piss-per. Fourthly, Ladies and Gentlewomen, who are wont to help their poor sick Neighbours, may be the better enabled, and be forewarned by dangerous Symptoms, to haste to the Learned Physician. Lastly, that all Women may the better understand the Physician's Directions, and with more Prudence govern the Sick.  
The first Book was the Fruits of my wandering Meditations, which I once intended not for public view. Much of the second was my Daily Collections, which my Practice lead me to. In the Theory, I interlaced the Judgements of Authors, making choice of that which seemed most consentaneous to Reason, and my own Experience. In the Practic part, I have quoted Medicines from several Authors, as left by them: Some I have somewhat altered, and that for two Reasons: First, some I have altered to make them more strong and efficacious. Secondly, others I altered, when I was enforced to use (for want of one Ingredient) another of the same nature. This Book swelled to such a bigness, that I was forced to contract myself in the two last, and to be somewhat briefer than I intended.  
Thus, courteous Reader, I have, for thy sake, exposed myself to the dangerous and sharp Teeth of the envious Detractors, which is a great hazard, especially in this polished Age, among so many fine and curious Wits, who scarcely can approve of any thing, though never so judiciously composed. Yet if it find acceptation with thee, I have my end, and shall receive sufficient encouragement, to undertake somewhat more for thy benefit: which I shall suddenly do, if I find this give content. If any fault, committed by my Pen, or the Press, pass uncorrected, excuse it. Accept it with a cheerful heart; and as I freely impart, so do thou, what ever profit or knowledge thou gainest thereby, freely for the good of thy Neighbour, to the honour of God, and praise of this Laudable Science; and for the further encouraging of him who now is, farther to be  
Thine, in all Offices of Love, J. TANNER. From my Lodging, at Mr. Cambridge's house, next door to the Sign of the Kings-Arms, in Kings-street, Westmin.   

A general Table of all the principal Contents of this Book.  

The Table of the First Book.  

CHap. 1. A Physical Description of Man Page 1  
Chap. 2. A more particular Description of Man p. 4  
Chap. 3. A Description of the Head p. 6  
Chap. 4. Of the parts belonging to the Head p. 11  
Chap. 5. Of the Stomach, and its faculties p. 19  
Chap. 6. Of the Heart p. 21  
Chap. 7. Of the Lungs, Liver, etc. p. 25  
Chap. 8. Of the Reins and Kidneys, p. 29  
Chap. 9 Of the Generative Parts, p. 32  
Chap. 10. The Conclusion, p. 36    

The Table of the Second Book.  

CHap. 1. Of the nature of Physic, and Office of a Physician, Page 39  
Chap. 2. Of Diseases of the Head; Cephalaea and Megrim, pag. 42  
Chap. 3. Of the Frenzy, pag. 48  
Chap 4. Of Madness, pag. 52  
Chap. 5. Of the Apoplexy, Lethargy, and Sleepy Disease, pag. 56  
Chap. 6. Of the Vertigo, page 62  
Chap. 7. Of the Palsy, page 67  
Chap. 8. Of the Convulsion, page 71  
Chap. 9 Of a Catarrh, or Defluxion, page 75  
Chap. 10. Of Diseases of the Eyes, proceeding from obstruction of the Optic Nerves, page 83  
Chap. 11. Of a Cataract, page 88  
Chap. 12. Of the enlarging, or straitening of the Pupilla, page 94  
Chap. 13. Of the Pin and Web, page 107  
Chap. 14. Of the Inflammation of the Eyes, p. 108  
Chap. 15. Of the Cancer, and Rupture of the Cornea, page 116  
Chap. 16. Of Diseases of the corners of the Eyes, and Eyelids, page 118  
Chap. 17. Of Diseases of the Ears, page 124  
Chap. 18. Of Diseases of the Nostrils, page 134  
Chap. 19 Of bleeding at the Nose, page 142  
Chap. 20. Of the Diseases of the Tongue, page 146  
Chap. 21. Of the Diseases of the Teeth, page 150  
Chap. 22. Of Diseases of the Gums, page 165  
Chap. 23. Of the Ulcers of the Mouth, page 167  
Chap. 24. Of a lose and inflamed Columella, and Diseases of the Tonsils, page 169  
Chap. 25. Of the Quinsy, page 171  
Chap. 26. Of the Asthma, page 175  
Chap. 27. Of the Pleurifie, and inflammation of the Lungs, page 179  
Chap. 28. Of Empyema, page 183  
Chap. 29. Of spitting of blood, page 185  
Chap. 31. Of the Consumption, or Ptisick. page 189  
Chap. 32. Of the Palpitation of the Heart, page 194  
Chap. 33. Of Swooning, or Syncope, page 197  
Chap. 34. Of want of Appetite, page 201  
Chap. 35. Of a depraved Appetite, page 205  
Chap. 36. Of the Thirsty Disease, page 208  
Chap. 37. Of Evil Digestion, page 210  
Chap. 38. Of the Hiccough, page 213  
Chap. 39 Of Vomiting, page 215  
Chap. 40. Of Cholera, page 218  
Chap. 41. Of pain in the Stomach, pag. 220  
Chap. 42. Of the Inflammation, Ulcer, and Imposthume of the Stomach, pag. 229  
Chap. 43. Of the Colic, page 223  
Chap. 44. Of the iliack Passion, page 230  
Chap. 45. Of the Lientery, and Caeliack Passion, p. 233  
Chap. 46. Of the Flux Diarrhaea, p. 235  
Chap. 47. Of the Dysentery, or Bloody Flux, p. 238  
Chap. 48. Of the Tenasmus, p. 243  
Chap. 49. Of the Flux of the Live●, p. 244  
Chap. 50. Of the Worms, p. 247  
Chap. 51. Of the immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoids, p. 251  
Chap. 52. Of the pain of the Hemorrhoids, p. 254  
Chap. 53. Of a hot distemper of the Liver, p. 257  
Chap. 54. Of the inflammation of the Liver, p. 259  
Chap. 55. Of the obstruction of the Liver, p. 264  
Chap. 56. Of the Schirrhus of the Liver, p. 268  
Chap. 57 Of the Jaundice, p. 269  
Chap. 58. Of the Dropsy, p. 272  
Chap. 59 Of the obstruction, inflammation, and tumour of the Spleen, p. 279  
Chap. 60. Of Hypochondriack Melancholy, p. 281  
Chap. 61. Of the Scurvy, p. 285  
Chap. 62. Of the Stone in the Kidneys, p. 288  
Chap. 63. Of the Stone in the Bladder, p. 294  
Chap. 64. Of the inflammation of the Reins and Bladder, p. 296  
Chap. 65. Of the Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder, p. 299  
Chap. 66. Of extraordinary pissing, p. 302  
Chap. 67. Of involuntary pissing, p. 304  
Chap. 68 Of the stoppage of Urine and Strangury, p. 306  
Chap. 69. Of the scalding of the Urine, p. 309  
Chap. 70. Of pissing of blood, p. 311  
Chap. 71. Of the Green-sickness, p. 314  
Chap. 72. Of the stoppage of the Terms, p. 317  
Chap. 73. Of the immoderate Menstrual Flux. p. 320  
Chap. 74. Of the Whites. p. 323  
Chap. 75. Of the Mother, p. 326  
Chap. 76. Of the inflammation, ulcer, and hard swelling of the Womb, p. 333  
Chap. 77. Of the swelling of the Womb by wind or water, p. 337  
Chap. 78. Of the falling down of the Womb, p. 341  
Chap. 79. Of Barrenness, p. 343  
Chap. 80. Of Miscarriage, p. 349  
Chap. 81. Of hard Travel in childbirth, p. 351  
Chap. 82. Of the Gout and Sciatica, p 356  
Chap. 83. Of the one day Fever, p. 363  
Chap. 84. Of the Fever Synochus non putrida, p. 365  
Chap. 85. Of continual putrid Fevers, p. 366  
Chap. 86. Of the Hectic Fever, p. 375  
Chap. 87. Of the Tertian Ague, p. 377  
Chap. 88 Of the Quotidian Ague, p. 380  
Chap. 89. Of the Quartan Ague, p. 381  
Chap. 90. Of the Pestilence, p. 386  
Chap. 91. Of the Small Pox and Measles, p. 394    

The Contents of the Third Book.  

CHap. 1. Of a green Wound, p. 398  
chap. 2. Of a contused wound, and a Bruise, p. 404.  
chap. 3. Of Wounds by biting, or stinging of any creature, venomous or not. p. 407  
chap. 4. Of a Wound in the Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments, Veins, and Arteries. p. 409  
chap. 5. Of Luxations and Fractures, p. 413  
chap. 6. Of accidents happening to wounded persons, p. 417  
chap. 7. Of Sanguine Tumours, p. 422  
chap. 8. Of choleric Tumours, p. 429  
chap. 9 Of Phlegmatic Tumours, p. 432  
chap. 10. Of Melancholy Tumours, p. 439  
chap. 11. Of Ulcers. p. 444  
chap. 12. Rules for Vomiting and Purging, p. 448    

The Contents of the Fourth Book.  

CHap. 1. Of Distilled Waters, page 452  
chap. 2. Of Syrups, p. 464  
chap. 3. Of Decoction and Juices, p. 484  
chap. 4. Of Lohocks, p. 486  
chap. 5. Preserves, Conserves, Sugars, and Lozenges, p. 489  
chap. 6. Of Troches, p. 493  
chap. 7. Of Pills, p. 501  
chap. 8. Of Powders, p. 510  
chap. 9 Of Electuaries, p. 519  
chap. 10. Of Oils, p. 534  
chap. 11. Of Ointments, p. 534  
chap. 12. Of Plasters, p. 539     


CHAP. I. A Physical Description of Man.  
THe omnipotent and wise Creator, having created all things out of nothing, and out of a rude and undigested lump or mass (according to his will, and by his word) brought all things into a decent frame, and comely structure: out of a confused nothing wrought the Heaven and the Earth, out of that which was dark and void he created light, he separated the Waters from the Earth, and gave bounds to the unruly waves; and endued the dry and barren Earth with a prolifical virtue, richly adorning it with grass, herbs, and Fruit-Trees; he made the Sun, Moon, and Stars, to divide the light from the darkness, to enlighten and rule both day and night, to be for signs, to distinguish seasons, days and years; by his word he created every living thing that moveth in the Sea, and in the Earth. Having thus far I say proceeded in his so excellent and admirable workmanship of Creation, he made Man, a Summary of the World's Fabric, a small draught of the Divine Nature: he was made after other Creatures, not only as the most perfect, but as the superintendent & master of all things created, Qui dominetur in pisces maris, et in volucres coeli, et in pecudes, & in universam terram, atque in omnia reptilia, reptantia super terram, to rule over the Fish of the Sea, and over the Fowl of the Air, and over the Cattle, and over the Earth, and over every Creeping thing that creepeth upon the Earth.  
In man he closed up, and ended his work; on man he stamped his Seal, and figne of his power, on him he hath imprinted his image and superscription, his arms and his portraiture. Dixit deus, Faciamus hominem ad imaginem nostram, secundum similitudinem nostram, God said; Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: In the Creation of man, God seemeth to deliberate and take Counsel with himself, how to epitomise, and gather together all his works in so small a compass, to contract his (so large) book of Creation, into so small a volume.  
He is called the Microcosm, or little World, the recapitulation of all things, the ligament of Angels & Beasts, Heavenly and Earthly, spiritual and corporal things: the perfection of the whole work, the honour and miracle of nature. He created him naked, being a pure neat and delicate Creature, made up of thin, subtle, well tempered and seasoned humours; innocent, and far more beautiful than the rest. He was created upright, but-little touching the Earth; quite opposite to the vegetable Plant, whose root is therein fixed; far different also from the beast, who is a mean between a Plant and himself, and goeth downward; his two extremes tending to the bounds of the Horizon: This upright gate belongeth only unto man, as the holiest, and most Divine Creature, his head tending to the Heavens, on which he looks, and there beholds himself as in a glass according to that of Ovid. 
Os homini sublime dedit, coelumque videre  
Jussit, & erectos ad sydera tollere vultus.  Which I English thus. 
He gave man lofty looks and upright gate,  
To view the heavens, and thereon contemplate.   
His body being thus form of pure, subtle Earth, as a house and habitation for the Soul, God breathed in him the breath of Life, and he became a living Creature: So in the ordinary generation, and formation, which is made of the seed in the Womb, nature observeth the self same order; the body is first form, as well by the Elementary force which is in the seed, and the heat of the matrix; as by the Celestial influence of the Sun: according to the Adagy, Sol & homo generant hominem, the Sun and Man do engender man: which is done (according to the opinion of most) in such order, that the first seven days the seed of the man and woman, mingle and curdle like cream, which is the beginning of conception: The second seven days, the seed is changed into a formless bloody substance, and concocted into a thick and indigested mass of flesh, the proper matter of the Child. The next seven days, out of this Lump is produced and fashioned a gross body, with the three most noble parts, viz: the Liver, Heart, and Brain. The fourth seven days or near thirty, the whole body is ended, perfected, jointed, and organised, and becometh a body fit to entertain the soul, which invests itself into the body (as some think) about the seven and thirtieth or fourtieth day: at the third month, or there abouts, the Infant hath motion and sense; at the ninth Month, is brought forth. These times cannot be so exactly prefixed, but that by the strength or debility of the seed, or matrix, it may be either hastened or prolonged. But I shall forbear further discourse of the soul, it not being my task to act the part of a Divine; and come to a more particular description of Man, yet not so, as to act the part of an Anatomist.   

CHAP. II. A more particular description of the Body of Man.  
THe body of man consists of above two hundred bones, and as many Cartilages, which are as the basis, and upholding Pillars of the whole building; the joints are compacted with many Ligaments, and clothed with innumerable membranes, the members are supplied with above thirty pair of sensitive Nerves as with little Cords; and all besprinkled with as many arteries, like water-pipes, conveying vital spirits to all parts. The empty places are filled up with almost four hundred Muscles, and flesh of divers sorts, as with flocks; all covered over with skin. In him are the temperament of all Creatures; Some there are, who have the stomach of an Ostrich, others the Heart of a Lion, too too many have the Heart of a Dog, not a few conditioned like a Sow; and many by nature very like to the Ass.  
Man for whom all things was made, is nourished by the Balsamic Spirits of Vegetables Animals and Minerals; and therefore doth consist of all these faculties, that spring up as a token of health or sickness: Balm, Violets, and Germander, produce fruit in man, viz: the Spirits of the Heart, Braine, and Liver: Likewise the nettle, Aron, and Crowfoot; as Scabs, Sores, and Pushes: Mineral separations also may appear in man, of vitriall Alum, Salt, and Tartar, &c: as the leprosy, Elephantiasis, Morphew, and Cancer: Nor is man free from mineral Generations, as Gold, Silver, Tin, Copper, Iron, Led: The Heart, the Brain, Liver, Reins, Gall, and Spleen: In the body of man is likewise to be sound quarries of stone, viz. in the Bladder and Kidneys, which serve not to build, but to destroy the Fabric.  
The Celestial Planets hath a dukedom in this little world: the moistuing power of the Moon is represented by the marrow, which flows from the Brain: In the genital part is Venus seated; Eloquence and comeliness is the effects of nimble witted Mercury, the Sun hath a near affinity to the Heart: Benevolent Jupiter hath his seat in the Liver; the Fountain of nutritive Blood: The fiery fury of Mars is lodged in the Gall: the spongy and hollow Milt, the seat and receptacle of melancholic humours, is a perfect representation of the cold Planet, Saturn. Indeed the Spirits of the body, do manifest and hold forth the quintessence of all things, the four humours in man answer to the four Elements; choler, which is hot and dry, representeth the fire, hot and moist blood, the air; phlegm cold and moist, the water; cold and dry melancholy, the Earth.  
I may yet proceed further in declaring the harmony between the great and little World: the belly of man may fitly represent the land or main continent: The Vena Cava the Mediterranean Sea, the Bladder, the Western Sea, into which the Rivers of the body do all run & discharge themselves: his mouth answereth to the East quarter of the World, his Fundament to the West, his Navel to the South, and his Back to the North: The Body of Man you see, is an admirable Creature; The measure of all things; the pattern of the universe, and Epitome of the World; The horizon of Corporeal and incorporeal things: I shall conclude with the saying of Zoroastres, O Man! the workmanship of most powerful nature, for it is the most artificial Masterpiece of God's hands.   

CAAP. III. A Description of the Head.  
THe Head of a man seemeth to offer itself, as the first thing to be considered; it doth possess the highest place in the body, and represents the uppermost, and Angelical region: It is the fort of man's mind, the seat of reason, the habitation of Wisdom, the shop of memory, judgement, and cogitations. It containeth the Brain, cold and spongeous by nature, enclosed with two skins, the one more hard and thick, joining itself to the Brain Pan, called Dura mater; the other more thin and easy, wherein lieth the Brain enclosed, called pia mater; it is soft and tender to the Brain, and nourisheth it, as a loving mother doth her young and tender Babe, From Pia mater, doth issue the sinews and marrow that descendeth and falleth down into the Reins of the Back. In the Brain, is the seat and throne of the rational Soul, in which are a very great number of Veins and Arteries planted, ramesying (or branching) themselves through all the substance thereof, administering to the Brain, both Spirit and Life, vital and nutrimental nourishment, which is raised, by the aforesaid small Veins and Arteries, from the Heart and Liver: and concocted, and reconcocted, elaborated, and made very subtle, passing through those woven and interlaced, turning and winding passages, in which labyrinth the Vital Spirit often pass; sing and repassing, is perfected and refined, and becomes animal.  
It is not lost labour if we consider, how the pia mater divideth the substance of the Brain, and lappeth it into certain Cells or Divisions; viz: the substance of the Brain is divided into three ventricles, of which the foremost containeth the most, the middlemost less, the hindermost the least. In the foremost part of the brain imagination is seated: in the middlemost judgement, in the hindermost memory: imagination is hot and dry in quality, quick and active, from whence it cometh that Frantic men, and such as are sick of hot and burning maladaies, are excellent in that which belongs to imagination: many upon such a distemper have been excellent in poetry and divination; It never sleepeth, always working, whether the man be sleeping or waking; and by the vapours that come from the Heart, form's variety of cogitations, which, wanting the regulation of judgement, (when man steepeth) becomes a dream.  
Hence it appeareth that subtlety, promtitude, and that which they commonly call Wit, belongeth to a hot imagination. It is active, stirring, undertaketh all, and setteth all the rest to work, it gathereth the kinds and figures of things; both present, by the service of the five senses; and absent, by the Common sense.  
Judgement is seated in the midst of the brain, there to bear rule over the other faculties, it is the judge of the little World, the seat of the rational soul, and the judge of men's actions. If you would know the mean, whereby it knoweth and judgeth of things, Aristotle and many others have thought that the Spirit knoweth by the help of the senses, and that the understanding without the senses is but as white Paper. Nil est in intellectu, quod non fucritprius in sensu. There is nothing in the understanding, which is not first in the sense.  
This opinion is false, because the seeds of science, and virtue are insinuated into our Spirits: else is the state of the reasonable soul, worse than the vegetative or sensitive which of themselves are able to exercise their functions. It were absurd to think that so noble and Divine a faculty, should beg assistance, of so vile and corruptible as the senses, which apprehend only the simple accidents, not the natures nor essence of things. Again, were it so, it must follow, that they that have their senses most perfect, should be most witty; whereas we many times see the contrary.  
Yet let no man think, that the Spirit hath no service from the senses: for in the beginning, discovery, and invention of things, the senses do much service to the Spirit: but the Spirit dependeth not upon the senses.  
Some are of opinion, that it is hot and moist in quality, others say, that a dry temperature is proper to the understanding, whereby it comes to posse, that aged persons excel those, in understanding, that are young, because as years increase, moisture doth decrease in the brain: hence it comes to pass that melancolique persons, that are afflicted with want, and fast much, are wise and ingenious; for heaviness and fasting are great driers: Splendour siccus, animus sapientissimus: vexatio dat intellectum, heat and drought resineth the wit, affliction giveth understanding: & that is the reason that great persons, that feed highly, and take little care, and seldom lie under vexation or affliction, for the most part are none of the wisest. Beasts that are of a dry temperature, as Aunts, Bees, Elephants, &c: are wise and ingenious: on the contrary they that are of a moist constitution, are stupid, and without Spirit, as are Swine. Memory is seated in the hinder cell of the brain, as the grand accountant, or register of the little world, whose office is to record things past, present, or to come. Some say its temperature is cold and dry, and that is the reason that melancolique people have good memories; others that it is most, because Children have better memories then old men: Men are more apt for memory in the morning by reason of the moisture gained by sleep in the night: the common people do more esteem of memory, and delight more in it than of the other two; it maketh a great show in the world, and they judge those that have a good memory to be very wise; esteeming more of science, then of wisdom; but of the three it is the least, and that which fooles do many times enjoy, for seldom is an excellent memory joined with understanding and wisdom: for their temperatures are contrary: hence comes that ill course in the instructing of youth, viz: to make them have by heart all they learn: and so stuff & gorge memory with other men's good, and starve the understanding. We see those that have all Aristotle, and Cicero in their heads, yet are the veriest sots in in the world.  
Many have been very excellent in this faculty, Seneca repeated 2000 names as they were first spoken; he also hearing 200 verses, rehearsed them, and began at the last. Cyrus and Scipio knew every Soldier's name in their Arms. Mithridates' learned the language of two and twenty Nations: Esdras the Priest had the whole Jewish doctrine by heart. Julius Caesar would dictate to four at the same time: and that which is more strange, Pliny would dictate to one, hear an other, and read at that instant. As these were so excellent and acute in memory, others were as dull: Atticus could never learn the letters of the Alphabet by heart: others could not count above four: It is said, that Theodore Beza two years before he died, as he languished, his mind grew so Feeble that he forgot things present, yet held those things, which were printed in his mind before time, when his understanding and memory was good. What shall we say of Messala Corvinus; who forgot his own name? Or Franciscus Barbarus of Athens, a very learned man in the Greek tongue, having received a blow on his head with a stone, forgot his learning, which he had spent the greatest part of his time upon, yet remembered all things else? These things are brought to pass (without doubt) either by the strength or debility of men's genitures, and from directions, and accidents thence proceeding. Wit and understanding, and all the faculties of the soul depends on a certain temperament: and hence it comes to pass (and that oftentimes) that those that are acute, and wise in some things, are stupid and dull in other some. But I have too far digressed, I must return to my road again.   

CHAP. IU. Of the parts belonging to the Head.  
HAving given you a brief and general description of the Head, and of the intellective faculty of man; it is meet now to treat of the sensitive part, which will lead me to describe the particular parts of the head.  
The sensitive faculty hath its residence in the pia mater, it is that which gives virtue to all the particular senses, and keeps a harmony among them: they are five in number, viz: Seeing, Hearing, Smelling, Tasting, Feeling: Although these are all united in one in the brain, yet operatively they are distinguished in their feveral seats, and places of residence.  
The sight resides in the eyes, and particularly in the Crystalline humour, they are two in number, and collateral, planted in the highest stage as Sentinels, they are the luminaties of the Microcosm; Galen saith, the brain and the head were made for the eye, that they might be in the highest as a beholder in a Tower, they are next in nature unto the Soul; for in the eye is seen and known the disturbances and griefs, gladness and joys of the Soul, as Love, Wrath, and other Passions; they be compounded and made of seven Tunicles or Coats, and three humours, they proceed out of the substance of the brain, and comes through the pia mater, of whose substance they take a pannicle, to defend it from annoyance. They meet and are united into one sinew, about half an inch in length, before they enter the skull, and after divided into two, each goeth into one eye, they are called Nervi Optici, the Optic Nerves, and through these, are brought the visible Spirits to the eye. These are the most noble outward parts of the body, in beauty, utility, mobility, & activity. They are to the visage, that which the visage is to the body, they are the face of the face; and because they are tender, delicate and precious, they are fenced and rampaird on all sides, with skins, lids, brows, and hair. The object of the eye or sight is colour (according to the common opinion) which is an adherent quality in bodies, whereof there are six simple, as white, yellow, red, purple, green, and blue: the compounds are infinite; to speak more fully, the true object is light; which is never without colour, and without which the colours are invisible.  
The sense of Seeing excelleth all the rest in many things; it apprehendeth farther off, and extendeth itself even to the Stars. It is certainly reported, that Strabo had such acute eyes, that from Lilybaeum, he could discern ships, going forth of the Carthaginian Haven, and could number them, the distance was 135. miles. It hath more variety of objects, for to all things and generally in all, there is light and colour the objects of the eyes, as I hinted before. It is most exquisite; for it is most exact, in the least & finest things that presents itself. It is more prompt and sudden, for it apprehendeth even in a moment and without motion, when the other senses require motion and time. It enjoyeth a liberty incomparable to others: the eye seethe, or seethe not, and therefore hath lids to open or shut: it is active, all the rest purely passive. But that which is most noble in this sense is, that the privation of the object thereof, which is darkness, brings fear and that naturally, because then a man findeth himself rob of so excellent a guide: the sight, in the light, is instead of company, wherein man much delighteth.  
It would fill a large volume, to describe the Eye in every particular, but that which I have said thereof, is sufficient, it being not my task to write an Anatomy. Hearing is the next sense to be considered, whose residence is in the ears, it is in quality cold and dry, under the dominion of Saturn. They are placed on the outside of the head, in the self same height as the eyes are, as the Scouts of the body, Porters of the Spirit, the Receivers and Judgers of the sounds, which always ascend. They have their entrance obliqne and crooked, that so the sound may not enter all at once, whereby the sense of hearing might be hindered, and not so well able to judge: and again that the sounds being fugitive, might there lurk, and abide under his shadow, till the instruments of hearing hath gotten possession thereof. The Sinews that are the organs of hearing, spring each from the brain, and when they come to the hole of the Ear, they are writhed together; the end is like a worm or little teat, into which is received the sound, and from thence carried, to the common wits to distinguish. The object of the ear or hearing is a sound, or noise proceeding from the encounter of two bodies: A pleasant and melodious sound sweeteneth and appeaseth the Spirit, consequently the body too, and drives maladies from them both: the sharp and penetrant, doth trouble and wound the Spirit. This sense hath many singularities; for the service of the body, the sight is most necessary, but for the Spirit, hearing hath the superiority. It is spiritual, the agent of understanding: many that have been blind, have been great and wise Philosophers, but never any that were deaf. In brief, science, truth, and virtue, hath no other entrance into the Soul, but by the ear. Christianity teaches that if faith cometh by hearing, which the fight doth tather hurt than help. Faith is the belief of those things, which are not seen; which belief is acquired by hearing. For all these reasons and many more that might be inserted, the wisest have so much commended Hearing, the pure guardian from all corruption; the health of the inward man,  
Smelling is seated in the Nose, governed by Mars, and is hot and dry in quality; and therefore Martial Creatures, or such as are hot and dry of constitution, excel in this faculty, as Dogs, &c: From the brain commeah two Sinews to the holes of the brain pan, where beginneth the concavity of the Nose, and these two are the proper Organs or Instruments of smelling, they have heads like paps, into which is received the virtue of smelling, and presenting it to the common sense. Over these two Organs, is placed Colatorium, or the nostrils, which concavity or ditch was made for two causes; first that the air, that bringeth the Spirit of smelling, might rest therein, till it were received by its proper Organs. Secondly that the excrements of the Brain might be hidden under it, till it be fit to be ejected. From this concavity goeth two holes into the mouth, of which we may take notice of three conveniences: First that when a man's mouth is closed, either by eating or sleeping, that then the air might come through them to the Lungs: else a man must be forced to hold his mouth open always. Secondly they are helpful to a man's speech, for when one or both of those passages are stopped, a man speaketh in the Nose, as we commonly say. Thirdly, they are useful in the cleansing of the concavities of the nose, either by snuffing, or drawing it through the mouth. The object of Smell is an odour, or sent, which is a fume rising from an odoriferous object, ascending to the nose, to the ventricles of the brain: the strong and violent hurteth the brain, the temperate and good, doth rejoice, delight and comfort. This sense is oftentimes very useful, in discovering meats or drinks of an evil odour, which otherwise would much prejudice the stomach, and work evil effects in the body of man.  
Much more might be said, touching the shape and form, matter and composition of the Nose, but my design is to distinguish the parts in a general way.  
The Taste is hot and moist, and under the influence of Jupiter; this Sense hath its residence in the  of the mouth, and tongue. It's office is to discern what food is congruous to the stomach, and what not. The skin of the palate of the mouth is the same, with the inward part of the stomach; and the same with the way of the meat into the stomach; and hence it cometh to pass, that when a man is touched upon the  of the mouth, it tickleth the stomach, and so much the nearer to the throat, so much more the stomach abhorreth. The object of Tasting is a savour or smack, whereof there are six simple kinds; as Sweet, Sour, Sharp, Tart, Salt, Bitter; the compounds are many. And being led to the mouth, it is not a miss, if I speak a few words to the composition thereof. In the mouth, are five parts to be considered; the Lips, the Teeth, the Tongue, the Uuula, the  of the mouth; of the which I have already spoken: A word or two of the rest. The lips are made of a musculous flesh, their office is, first, as the door to the House to keep the mouth close, till the meat be chewed, Secondly they help to pronounce the speech. The Teeth the hardest members, fastened into the mandible; their office is first to grind the meat before it goeth into the stomach, that so it may the better digest; Secondly, that it might be a help to the speech, for they that want any of their Teeth are defective therein. The number is uncertain, some have more, some have less; they, who have their full number have thirty and two. The tongue is a carnuous member, compound and made of many Nerves, Ligaments, Veins and Arteries, ordained principally for three causes: First that when a man eateth, the tongue might turn the meat, in the mouth, till it be chewed. Secondly by the Tongue, and the  of the mouth near the root of the tongue, is received the taste of sweet or sour, and thence presented to the common senses to pass judgement thereof. Thirdly and principally the tongue is ordained for the pronunciation of speech, of which faculty I must crave leave to insist on, and that as briefly as may be. Speech is an excellent present, and very necessary; given only unto man, animi index & speculum: it is the interpreter and image of the soul; the heart's messenger: the gate, through which doth pass all that lieth within the dark and hidden corners of man; by this the Spirit becomes visible. Of all the external and visible parts of the body that, which cometh nearest to the heart is the root thereof; & that which cometh nearest the thoughts is speech, Out of the abundance of the Heart the mouth speaketh. It is a powerful Mafter, an Imperious Commander; it stirreth up, animateth, exasperateth, appeaseth, maketh sad, merry, it imprinteth what ever passion it handleth: feedeth the soul of the hearer; it maketh him blush, wax pale, laugh, cry, tremble, mad with choler, leap for joy, what not? It is the great huckster, and intermeddler, by it we traffic, peace is handled, affairs are managed, it is the band of humane society: hearing and speech answer, and are accommodated the one to the other: by these two the souls are poured the one into the other: so that if these two gates be shut, (as it is in those that are dease and dumb) the Spirit remaineth solitary and miserable. Hearing is the gate to enter; by it the Spirit receiveth all things from without: speech is the gate to go out, through it the Spirit sendeth forth that which was within. From the communication of these two, as from the stroke of two flints, there cometh forth the fire of truth; and so by the polishing and rubbing of these two, knowledge cometh to perfection. But Hearing is the first and principal, for there can nothing come forth, which hath not first entered; and therefore he that is dease altogether by nature, is also dumb.  
I might much more enlarge myself in the description of the Head: but my purpose being to declare nothing, but what may be pertinent in the manifestation of the human faculties and virtues; I shall conclude this Chapter with a word or two of the sense of Feeling which is of no particular quality, but of all, hot, cold, dry and moist, it is deputed to no particular Organ, but is spread abroad over the whole body: it is the Index of all tangible things: its object than must be heat or cold, dryth or moisture; things pleasant and polite, sharp and smatting, motion, rest, tickling. It is well known that man, and other Creatures live without some particular sense; It is the opinion of most, that a man cannot live without this sense of Feeling, being only necessary unto life: yet Augustine proveth the contrary, in the 14. book de Civitate dei; by example of a Presbyter, that lay as though he were dead, and did not feel those, that pulled him, nor would he stir, though they burned him with fire, yet he confessed that he could then he are men speak, (if they spoke aloud) as though they were far from him; by which it appears, that this he did, not by resisting, but for want of the sense of feeling which afterward was restored to him again: I shall pass by, what the English History relates of one Elizabeth Barton, a maid of Canterbury who oftentimes was deprived of her senses, by reason of a disease she had.  
I shall also wave disputes, concerning the number of the senses, some supposing there are no more in nature then are apparent in us. There may very well be more, yet greatly to be doubted that there are; it is impossible for us to know them, to affirm them, or to deny them, because a man shall never know the want of that sense, which he never had, one sense cannot discover another; and if a man want one by nature, yet he knows not which way to affirm it. A man that is born blind, and hath not heard what sight is; cannot conceive that he seethe not, nor desire to see. So man, being not able to imagine more than the five that he hath, cannot know how to judge, whether there be more in nature, who knoweth whether the difficulties, that we find in many of the works of nature; and the effects of many Creatures, which we cannot understand, do proceed from the want of some sense that we have not? There are hidden properties, which we see in many things; and a man may say that there are sensible faculties in nature, proper to judge, and apprehend them, yet must conclude, we have them not: who knoweth whether it be some particular sense, that discovereth the hour of midnight to the Cock, and moves him to crow; or how beasts are taught, to choose certain heaths for their cure, and many such like wonders? None can affirm or deny, say, This it is, or that it is.   

CHAP. V Of the Stomach and its faculties.  
THe Stomach is a member, compound and Spermatick, Sinewy and sensible, wherein is made the perfect first digestion of Chile; It is a necessary member to the body, for if it sail in lts operation, the whole Fabric is corrupted. It is in the little world, the same as the terrestrial Globe is in the great world: In it, is expressed the sublunary part of the world; in it, are contained the parts that serve for nutrition, concoction, and procreation. And this leads me to discourse of the administering virtues in man, which are here seated; and to wind up all with a touch of the office of the Microcosmicall Stars, with as much brevity as may be. The Stomach is framed of two pannicles, the outer is Carneous, the inner Nerveous, from which is stretched to the mouth Isofagus, or the way of the meat, by which the stomach draweth to itself meat, and drink, as with hands. By the virtue of the subtle will, which is in this Musculus longitudinal, is made the attractive virtue: which is hot and dry; by a quality active, or principal, which appears by the Sun, the Fountain of all heat, which is of an attractive quality, which is evident by his attracting, and exhaling the humidity from this inferior Globe, into the airy region, as into the neck or higher part of an Alimbeck; and being resolved into water, (by reason of their weight) fall down again upon the earth, which is the vessel receiving: So through continued distillations, by sublimation of the water, by cohobation; by drawing of the liquor, being often poured on, and fortified by the influence of the Celestial, and central Sun, the body becomes endued, with a concoctive, nutritive, and procreative virtue. So in the Stomach, by the active quality of the Microcosmicall Sun, his benevolent rays, and friendly heat, meat and drink is desired, and attracted into the stomach, for the nourishment of the whole body.  
We can do no less than give Mars a share in the dominion of the attractive faculty, being hot and dry by nature, this is reason: experience telleth us that Martial men, or men of a Choleric constitution, are none of the worst trencher-men; and at the pot incomparable.  
In the Stomach is a Transverse Muscle, to withhold or make retention: by this retentive virtue, those things that are brought into the Stomach, are kept and withholden, until nature hath wrought his kind, and every faculty hath executed his office. It is in quality cold and dry, cold because the nature of cold is to compress, or hold together, as you may see in Ice: dry, because it is the nature of dryness, to keep and hold what is compressed. It is under the influence of Saturn, and that is the reason, why, for the most part, men that are cold and dry of temperature, or, as Astrologers say, Saturnine people, are covetous and tenacious: and that is the reason, that old men, are naturally covetous, because Saturn ruleth old age; and by the decay of nature, the temperature becomes cold and dry.  
It hath the Spleen, the representative of Saturn, lying toward the left side, and furnisheth the Stomach, with humours necessary to fortify the retentive virtue.  
The digestive faculty, (which is the chief and most principal, (the other, like handmaids, attending it) is hot and moist; Natures, Cook, and principal workman, the Archaeus, and central fire, which in this Philosophical Vessel, viz: the Stomach, digesteth the victuals into a Chaos, or confused Mass, that so a natural separation may be made. It is under the influence of Jupiter, who furnisheth it with friendly heat and moisture, by the Liver, (the Microcosmicall Jupiter) chase and beating the right side of the Stomach.  
The Stomach hath also a Latitudinall Muscle or will, which makes the expulsive faculty: It is naturally cold & moist, cold to compress the superfluity, moist to make the matter slippery and fit for ejection, also to work a suitable disposition in the body. It is a necessary operation, by it, after the separation of the pure from the impure, the Elements from the Caput Mortuum, or rather feceses; is removed, and carried away all that is needless or prejudicial to nature. It is under the dominion of the Moon, (with whom you may join Venus, being of the same nature) whose Epitome, or Microcosmicall substitute, viz: the brain, sendeth a branch of Nerves to the Stomach, and thereby furnisheth it with humours cold and moist, fit for expulsion.  
I shall now hasten, to give you a short description of the Heart, Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys, etc.   

CHAP. VI Of the Heart.  
I Now come to speak briefly of the Heart, who is the principal of all other members, and the beginning of life, he is set in the midst of the Breast, by himself as Lord and King of all the Members. And, as a Lord or King ought to be served of his subjects, that have their living of him; so are all the Members of the body, subjects of the Heart: they receive their living from him, and in many ways they do him service. He is the same in the little world, as the Sun that glorious Lamp of Heaven is in the great world. It is called Sol Corporis, as the Sun is called Cor Coeli, because their operations are so like. The vital Spirit hath its residence here; why then should antiquity with ignominy be brought to the Bar, and condemned, for saying the Heart lives first, and dies last: he being the Fountain and beginning of life, it must needs follow, that it is the first thing in man that lives, and the last that dies.  
Here is to be noted that the heart hath blood in his substance, whereas all other members have it in their Veins and Arteries. It is bound to the back part of the breast by certain Ligaments, which Ligaments though they touch not the substance of the Heart; yet in the over part they spring forth of him; By which he appears to be King of the members, and Centre of the Mocrocosmicall planetary Hiarchy.  
Moreover the Heart hath two Ventricles or Concavities, and the left is higher than the right; the cause of its hollowness, ●s to keep the blood for his nourishing: and ●…e to abate and temper the great heat which is included, and shut up in the Concavityes.  
As he is Sol Corporis, and Centre of the rest of the members, and ruler of the family, he communicates to them Life and Motion: yet by his heat he attracts what is needful for himself, from the other members as a subsidy or tax imposed upon his subjects. And therefore to the right Ventricle of the Heart, cometh a Vein from the great Vein called Venakells, which receiveth all the substance of the blood from the Liver; this Vein I say passeth from Venakelis to the right ventricle of the Heart, and bringeth a great portion of the thickest and purest blood to nourish the Heart. The residue that is left of this, is made more subtle through the virtue and heat of the Heart, and then sent into a concavity or pit in the midst of the Heart, between the two Ventricles: therein it is made more hot, and pure; and from thence it passeth to the best Ventricle, and there is engendered in it a Spirit, that is clearer, brighter and subtler, than any Corporeal or bodily thing, which is engendered of the four Elements; for it is a mean between the Body and the Soul: Wherefore of the Philosophers it is likened more to heavenly than earthly things.  
And here I shall taket leave to digress, and tell you of some things wonderful, touching the Heart: If we credit Avicenna. Some have wanted a Heart: and to this purpose I could recite other men's opinions; but I shall not trouble the reader's head with such things, which seem to myself impossible. Valerius Maximus speaketh of one Aristomanes Messenius, who killed 300. Lacedæmonians, who had a hairy Heart. Beneventus reports the same of a certain thief. Columbus observed a young man that wanted the pericardium, (which is a thin skin involving the Heart as in a purse) and he was much troubled with swoonding fits. It hath been the opinion, that a man cannot live a moment scarcely, who hath received a wound in the Heart: And good reason too, seeing the life depends upon the safety of the Spirits, the Heart being the shop and making thereof; when the Heart is wounded, it is necessary that the generation of the Spirits cease. Yet Nicol. Malerius relates a History of one Andrea's Hasevanger, who was one of the Lifeguard of Count William of Nassaw governor of Frisia, etc. who received a wound in the Breast by his fellow Soldier, Anno 1607. on the 22 of August, in the evening, and died the 8th. of Septemper following, one hour after Sunrising; his body being opened to search for the wound, by the aforenamed Nicol. Malerius, and two other Surgeons, in the presence of several Soldiers of note; they found that the wound had entered the right cavity of the Heart, and that part of the Heart was almost consumed; the left part remaining entire, which is the chief habitation of the vital spirits. By this means he lived 16 days, which had been impossible; if the left ventricle had been wounded.  
But to proceed; from the left Ventricle of the Heart, springeth two Arteries, the one having but one Coat, and therefore is called Arteria Venalis, which carrieth blood from the Heart to the Lungs, which blood is vaporous, and fit for its nourishment; and carrieth back air from the Lungs to refresh the Heart,  
See here the Harmony and friendly Agreement between the Microcosmicall Sun and Mercury; the first affordeth of his own nutriment to nourish the other, whilst the other rewards him with air to refresh him. The other Artery hath two Coats, it is called Vena Arterialis, or the great Artery, of which springeth all the other Arteries, that spread to every member of the body, which carrieth the Spirits, which are the treasures of the Souls virtue. Thus it passeth till it come to the brain, and be made an animal Spirit, as you have heard before in the third Chapter; at the Liver it is made nutrimental; and at the Testicles generative. Thus by the Heart is made a Spirit of every kind, and (like the Sun in the Heavens) by his royal presence, he doth confer life and liberty to his suppliants.  
I might here tell you, why these Arteries have two coats, namely because one is not sufficient, to withhold the vital Spirits, carried in them, their motion being so violent. Again the thing carried about being so precious a treasure, it had need of the better keeping. This Artery is called the pulsative Vein. I might here frame a large discourse of the pellicles of the Heart, which open and shut to receive the blood: Also the two little ears by whom cometh in and passeth out the air: I might say much of the pannicles, which as some think have their original from dura mater, as namely, pericardium, called of some Capsula Cordis, which springeth of the upper pannicle of the Midriff, and covereth the Heart: of the which springeth another called Mediastinum, which parteth the breast in the midst, and keepeth that the Lungs fall not over the Heart, (such a rule, hath the Architect Spirit given to each part (as Stars to move in their several Orbs) There is another pannicle that covereth the ribs, of whom the Midriff taketh its beginning. But this being beyond my intended scope, I will put an end to this Chapter of the Heart.   

CHAP. VII. Of the Lungs, Liver, etc.  
THe Lungs is made of a substance very soft and spongeous; supple, to draw and to enforce from, like a pair of bellows: it is an instrument of respiration, whereby the heart is refreshed, drawing unto it the blood, the Spirits and the air, and disburthening itself of those fumes and excrements, which oppress it, It is naturally cold and dry, accidentally cold and moist: naturally cold and dry weighing about the Heart, abateing his beat, by its refreshing blast; it is accidentally moist, by reason of Catarrhs and Rheums, which it receiveth from the Brain.  
There are three principal parts in the Lungs considerable, one is a Vein coming from the Liver, which bringeth with it, the crude and undigested part of the Chile to feed the Lungs. Another is Arteria Venialis, coming from the Heart, bringing the Spirit of life to nourish the Lungs. The third is Trachia Arteria, that bringeth air to the Lungs, and it passeth through all the left part of them to do its office.  
The Lungs is divided into the five portions or pellicles, three on the right side, and two on the left side; if in case any impediment or hurt should happen any in one part, the other should be ready to supply the office.  
But I forbear any further description of the Lungs, and come to the Liver, which is a principal member, in the little world, representing the Planet Jupiter, Quasi juvans pater, hot and moist, inclining towards the right side, under the short ribs. The form of the Liver is Gibbous or Bunchy on the back side; on the other side hollow like the inside of an hand: that it might be pliable to the stomach; (as a man's hand is to an apple or any thing that is round,) to further its digestion: for his heat is to the Stomach, as the heat of a fire is to the pot which hangeth over it. It is the Storehouse of the blood, the Fountain of the Veins, the seat of the natural nourishing faculty, or vegetative soul, engendered of the Blood of that Chile which it draweth from the Meseraique Veins, and receiveth by the Vena porta which entereth into the concavities thereof, and afterwards is sent and distributed through the whole body by the help of Vena Cava, which ariseth from the bunch or branches thereof, which are in great numbers as the Rivers from the Ocean.  
The natural and nutrimental faculty hath its residence in the Liver, and is dispersed through the whole body, with the Veins, from which are bred four particular humours, viz: Blood, Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy.  
It is so excellent and necessary a member, that I dare not give credit to their opinions who say it may be wanting in a man; as some say it was in one Mathias Ortelius a Merchant in Antwerp.  
Blood is made of meat perfectly concocted, in quality hot and moist, Jupiter's darling, the most perfect and necessary humour, (the other three being superfluities, yet necessary too). The blood thus concocted, is drawn out by the Vena cava, whose branches ramefying upwards and downwards, carrieth and conveigheth it to all other members of the body, for their nourishment, where, by a third digestion, it is transmuted into the flesh.  
Choler is made of meat more than perfectly concocted, it is the spume or froth of blood: it clarifieth all the humours, heats the body, nourisheth the apprehension. It is in quality hot and dry; it fortifieth the attractive faculty, as blood doth the digestive; it moveth man to activity and valour, it is under the planet Mars, whose residence is in the Gall: which is an official member, a purse or pannicular vesicle, placed in the hollowness of the Liver, whose office is to receive the Choleric superfluities, which are engendered in the Liver as aforesaid. Which Purse or Bag hath three holes or necks; by the first it draweth to itself the choler from the Liver, that so the blood be not hurt by the choler. By the second it sendeth choler to the bottom of the Stomach, to fortify the attractive faculty. And lastly it sendeth choler regularly to every gut, from one gut to another, to cleanse them from supersluities and dross.  
Phlegm is made of meat not perfectly digested, it fortifieth the virtue expulsive (what it is, and what though other faculties are, you have heard in the fifth Chapter) and maketh the body fit for ejection, it is kind to, and fortifieth the Brain by its consimilitude with it, it is antipathetical to the apprehension, and doth much injure it, therefore phlegmatic persons have but weak apprehensions; It is cold and moist in quality, its receptacle is in the Lungs, it is governed by the Moon and Venus: Therefore it qualifies choler, cools and moisteneth the Heart, (as you heard before in the description of the Lungs) thereby sustaining it and the whole body, from the fiery effects, which continual motion would produce.  
Melancholy is the sedement of blood, it is cold and dry inquality: it maketh men sober, solid and stayed, fit for study, or any serious employment: It curbs the unbridled toys and fooleries incident to the sanguine complexion: it stayeth wandering and idle thoughts, and reduceth them home to the Centre: It is like a grave Counsellor to the whole body. It is governed by the Planet Saturn, it strengtheneth the retentive faculty, and its receptacle is in the spleen, which in the body is placed on the best side, transversly linked to the Stomach.  
Hollerius reports that a woman at Paris, was found without a Spleen: And Pliny, in his natural History, saith that in Cawnus' men are born without it: and hence the common people thought, that it might be safely cut out of Footmen and Horses, and as it hath been wanting in some, so it hath abounded in others: Fallopius observed three that lay one upon another. One was seen so great that it weighed above 20 pounds, Colum. Anatom.  
Another had a Milt weighed 23, pound. Where it increaseth, the body decreaseth, because it sucks away too much Chilus from the Liver. Therefore fitly did Trdjan liken the Spleen to the Treasury; for as that groweth rich, the common people grow poor: So, as the Spleen increaseth, the other parts decay.   

CHAP. VIII. Of the Reins and Kidneys.  
NOw I come to a few words of the Reins and Kidneys, which are placed within the region of the Nutrites, backward; and they are ordained to cleanse the blood from the watery superfluities: They have two passages; by the one is drawn the water from Venakelis by two Veins, which are called Venae emulgentes, the Emulgent Veins, and by the other is sent the same water to the Bladder, and this is called Poros Urithedes.  
The Kidneys are made of a hard substance, and full of hard concavities, and therefore the sores of them are hard to cure, they are harder in substance then any other fleshy member, and that for two causes; the first is that they be not much hurt by the sharpness of the Urine.  
The other is, that the Urine that passeth from them, might be the better cleansed by them. The Heart sendeth an Artery to convey to them blood, heat, Spirit and Life. And from the Liver there cometh a Vein, which bringeth nutriment to all blood. Their fatness is as of the other members, made of thin blood congealed and cradded by cold; there is ordained the greater quantity in this place, because it should temper the heat of the Kidneys, which they have of the biting sharpness of the Urine.  
The next thing that offereth itself to our consideraon is the Bladder, which is compounded of two nerveous panicles, in complexion it is cold and dry, whose neck is carnous and hath two Muscles to withhold and to let go: in man it is long and is contained with the yard passing through peritoneum, but in women it is shorter, and is contained with the Vulva, the place of the Bladder is between the share bone and Longaon, (commonly called the Arse Gut). In women it is between the aforesaid bone and the Matrix. In the Bladder is implanted the Ureters, which bring the Urine or water from the Kidneys thither; and privily entereth into the holes and pannicles thereof, which is done by a natural motion between Tunicle, and Tunicle; till the Urine findeth the hole of the nether Tunicle, where it entereth privily into the concavity. And the more the Bladder is filled with Urine, the straighter be the pannicles compressed together: The holes be not set one against the other, so that if the bladder be never so full, none can go back again,  
This is the Micocrosmicall Ocean, into which all the Rivers of the body discharge themselves. There must needs be more than a watery substance in it: for many times in dileases, it is plentifully made, though the patient drinketh little or nothing. And it is observed that Creatures that drink nothing will make water. Physician's oftentimes foretell many things by their colour, thinness, and thickness. Salt you know is hid in meats, and that plants have very much Salt in them, you may find by distilling them: And it is very well known, that, by the Chemical art, many kinds of Salt may be fetched out of Urines. The artificial Chrysocolla is made of Urine. Nitre is made of earth moistened with the Urine and Dung of living Creatures. The Urine hath a sympathetic relation to the constitution of the body. The Arabians say, among the rest Abenzoar, that a man that is bit with a mad dog, in his Urine the picture of Dogs may be seen: but this is attributed to the force of the Venom, which changeth a man's constitution, and maketh it like to a dogs. Sennert us himself saith, that it doth so much corrupt the humours, that little Creatures like Puppies are bred in the body. If we credit the writings of wise, honest, and learned men (which not to do were uncharitable) we shall find, that worms and many kinds of living Creatures have been bred in the Bladder: We read of a Woman that voided one, that way, a span long; and a Maid, many as big as Woodlice. One voided one like a Magpie, another who had the Stone in the Bladder, voided two with Horns, sharp head, back and belly crusty, black, and like a Tortoise, only their belleys were red. Another voided a living Scorpion, and another shellfish. The passage of the Urine from the Bladder, all know; yet sometimes men are known to void their Urine another way. The Son of one Boninus urined, a little beneath the Glans. A maid at the Hague of a noble family, made water at her Navel. One, by an Ulcer on his Buttock, and another by the Belly. For my own part I have known two young men, who urined between the Testicles and the Fundament: read Fernelius. l. 6. c. 13. who affirm the same thing. I need not tell you that stones are bred in the Urine of a feculent matter, mingled with Salt and stony juice sometimes small, and sometimes great, of several shapes and forms: sometimes, like the Sea sand, sometimes like pebbles, sometimes like Salt, and sometimes they are found ragged and branching, lively and excellently resembling the stock and branches of Coral: few or none are ignorant of this. Thus have I, with as much brevity as may be, described this Microcosmicall Ocean.   

CHAP. IX. Of the Generative parts.  
I Shall herein use as much brevity as may be; and shall write nothing, but with a mind that is modest, and with such a mind, I desire, it may be read. The instruments of generation are of two sorts, Male, and Female; their use is the procreation of mankind; the operation is by action and passion: the Agent is the seed, the patiented the blood. Although this cometh to be spoken of in the last place, yet it might have deservedly been put in the first; for nature regards not only the conservation of its self, but to beget its like, and conceive its species. Venus hath the principal government of the members of generation; In which members there are many parts considerable, but I shall only epitomise them.  
First of the genitals of men: The first thing to the considered is, that which Anatomists call, vasa preparantia: or preparing vessels, which bring blood and vital Spirits to the Stones: they are fout in number, & before they come to the stones, they make a curious implication, intertexture, or twisting the one with the other, the Arteries into the Veins, and the Veins into the Arteries: which Physicians call Corpus Varicosum; some call it Pampiniformis. This interweaving reacheth down even into the substance of the stones; their use is to mix the blood and vital spirit together, that so the Stones may have a fit matter to work on.  
The Testicles or Stones are of a white soft and spongy substance, full of small Veins and Arteries; or else, when humours flow to them, they could not swell to such a bigness: their form is Oval of their bigness, few are ignorant. Each stones hath a Muscle which the learned call Cremaster, which serveth to pull up the stones in the act of Generation; as its name in the Greek signifieth that so the vessels being flockned, may better avoid the seed.  
The seed being throughly concocted by the Testicles or Stones, there are two other small pipes, called vasa deferentia, they are also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, spermatick pores: their office is to carry the seed to the seminary vessels, who are to keep it till need requireth its expulsion. From the stones they arise, very near to the preparing vessels, into the cavity of the belly; then turning back again, they turn to the backside of the bladder, between it and the right gut. There they are joined to the seminal Vessels, which are soft and spongy, somewhat like kernels, through which passeth the Urethra, or common passage in the yard both for seed and Urine.  
Histories make mention, and experience evidenceth; that some are borne without stones, some with one▪ Philip, Landgrave of Hassia, had three: he was so full of seed, and prone to Venereous actions, that his Wife could not suffer him so often as necessity urged him to it; he otherwise being chaste and honest: He relating his mind to the Priests, with the consent of his Wife, took a Concubine.  
It would be too tedious, if I should take upon me to describe the yard, and all the parts thereof, it would make my book swell too big, and I should run beyond my first intention, viz: only to give a brief touch of the most considerable parts.  
I now come to the Generative parts of women: and shall be silent in what is visible, and declare only the internal parts for brevity sake, and first of the Clytoris, which is a sinewy and hard body, much like the yard of a man, and suffers erection and falling; causeth lust in women, and giveth delight in copulation. Avicenna calleth it the Wand, or Albathara, and Albucasis calleth it Tentigo: and Fallopius saith, that this hath sometimes grown so big, that women would copulate with others like men. This observe, that the passage of the Urine is not through the neck of the Womb: Near the passage of the Urine are four Caruncles or fleshy knobs, they are called Myrtiformes, because they resemble Myrtleberryes. The uppermost of them is largest and forked, to receive the neck of the passage of the Urine: the other lie below this on the sides, and are to keep back the air or any hurtful thing from the Womb. In Virgins, these knobs are joined together by a thin skin, interlated with many small Veins, with a hole in the middle, about the bigness of ones little finger, through which passeth the menstruous blood: This skin is a note of Virginity: for the first act of copulation breaketh it. I believe that this was that note of Virginity which God gave to the Hebrews: These knobs joined together do much resemble a Rose not quite blown, therefore called a flower, thence came the word to deflower a Virgin. If I should take upon me to declare the opinions of Authors, it would prove (almost) an endless task: This I shall add, that I conceive it not a certain note of Virginity, because it may be broken without the act of copulation, as namely by applying of pessaries, to provoke the Menstrues, or by a defluxion of sharp humours, &c: but 'tis probable that the Jewish Virgins were more chary of it, their reputation depending thereon.  
The Womb in figure is almost perfectly round, in Virgins about the bign esse of a walnut, yet when a woman is conceived with Child, it dilates itself to such a capacity that it is able to contain the Child; the mouth of it no bigger than to receive the Glans of the Guard: yet at the delivery makes room for the Child to come out be it never so big. This made Galen admire, and it may be a great admiration to all: If we consider the wonderful works of God in the Creation of man. He who knows himself may know there is an All powerful God. And therefore it was engraven with letters of Gold, over the Porch of the Temple of Apollo, the God (according to the Panims) of knowledge and wisdom, this sentence, Know thyself, as a salutation unto all, signifying, that he that would have access unto that Divinity, and entrance into that Temple, must first know Himself.  
But I return to my intended discourse: The Womb before conception is small, because the Seed, being but little in quantity, might be close embraced and cherished. It hath but one cavity, though it is the common, approved opinion, that it hath seven Cells, and of this opinion was Galen, the truth is the matrix in women differ much from beasts, and Galen never saw a woman Anatomised.  
Women have Testicles or Stones as men have, but they differ from men's in these particulars. They are within the Belly in women, in men without. They are not so smooth in women, as in men. They are less than the Stones of men. They are not stayed by muscies, but by Ligaments. As men's are Oval, theirs are flatish. They have but one skin, men's have four, because they are without the body, and exposed to the cold. They are more soft, and colder than men's are.  
But they are ordained both in men and women for the same use, viz: to concoct seed: and though Aristotle denied seed in women, yet Hypocrates, one of the Ancients of Physic was of this judgement: reason and experience confirmeth it.  
The vasa praeparantia, the preparing Vessels, & vasa deferentia, carrying Vessels, are of the same nature, and office as they are in men: They differ only in this, that they are somewhat shorter, having a shorter way to go, the Testicles being with in the Belly in women: but lest the shortness of the passage should hinder their operation, God and nature hath so provided, that they are more twisted and interweaved than they are in men, that they may the better mingle the blood and vital Spirit, as you have heard before.   

CHAP. X. The Conclusion.  
THus have I given you a brief description of Man, the masterpiece of God's workmanship; I have only given you an Epitome or Breviary of him, who is a small draught of all things, in the universe: should any attempt a particular description of the body and faculties of man, he would fall short in his expectation; it being an Herculean task, for the most acute Genius: This I will add, not to say that the world would not contain the books, that might be written of him, the life of man would be too short to perfect it. Not to recapitulate, what I have formerly delivered; In man, as in a perspective glass, may our Mother Earth, with her innumerable of spring, be discovered; in him may the unruly, and restless waves of the Ocean be delineared. Nor doth he only epitomise the Elemental world, but also the Celestial: In him are discovered the prudent majestical, sumptuous, magnificent, honourable, affable, and humane, So lar quality. The unsteadfast, timorous, soon-daunted, oftchanging, and shifting temper among men, answer to the various motions of the low and oft-changing Luna. Others in profoundity of imagination, reservedness of words, austerity of actions, &c: are a fit portrait of the melancholy Planet Saturn. There are yet a few in the world, who are faithful Lovers of fair dealing, beneficent to all men doing glorious, honourable, and religious actions; just, wise, prudent, virtuous, &c: of the temper of Benevolent Jupiter. There are (in our apprehensions) too many of the martial temper, who are Valiant, Lovers of War, frays, and commotions, subject to no reason, bold, confident, willingly obeying no body, &c: Nor is Venus excluded those people's affections, who love mirth in words and actions, musical, delighting in Venery, drinking, and merry meetings: who trouble not themselves with State-affairs, nor are inquisitive after Arms or Navys, unless they bring good News from the Canaries. Nor is Mercury without his party among us, who are subtle & politic, excellent disputants and Logicians, sharp witted, and able to learn any thing, men of unwearied fancies, and sit for any employment, yet unconstant. The Planetary influence in the good or ill disposition of the air, is lively represented in man. A healthy sanguine constitution, or a delicate composure of heat and moisture; answer to a serene temperate air, with seasonable moistening dews, and showers, which are the sweet influence of the Sun, Jupiter and Venus. The feverish, hot and parching distempers of the body, answer to the hot and scorching weather occasioned by the fiery beams of Mars. Nor is the cold, chilly, melancholy, weeping, and lamenting disposition of many people, less represented by the melancholy, dark cold and wet weather proceeding from Satyrus' influx. I could much dilate, but I forbear. The intellectual world hath also in man its portraiture: witness the soaring contemplations of the Soul of man: which cannot (like the body) be confined to any place, but in a moment, surrounds this terrestrial Globe: nor there content, but assoon mounts itself to the Heavens, and searcheth their secret corners: nor there satisfied till he comes to the highest, for by his contemplations, (having his Original from the uncreated light) he reflects thither, viz: to the divine Majesty. To conclude, God hath made all things in man; he hath made all things for man; for man's sake he made himself man, to redeem man to himself: to whom be all honour, glory and praise for ever.   
The End of the first Book.   

The Second Book.  

CHAP. I. Of the Nature of Physic, and the Office of a Physician.  
GOd in his Power, having created all things; in his Wisdom, by Nature, governeth and preserveth them all: by her, are the variable motions, and revolutions of the Sun, Moon, and Stars harmonically preserved: in her hands, are the mutations and Catastrophes of times: she is the moderator of the sourging Ocean: This immensity of things she governeth in a certain, and immutable order. There is nothing in the universe, but yields obedience to this Law: whatever are contained in the Animal, Vegetable, or Mineral Kingdoms, are wisely governed, and providenially preserved, by the Will of the Divine Architector, in the Government of Nature.  
But to steer our course nearer to our intention; the little world, or body of man, is subject to nature's government whose Deputy or Representative is Physic; Naturae legibus esse medicinae leges consentaveas: The Laws of physic are agreeable to the Laws of Nature: Physic imitates Nature, its design is to preserve the body in health, defend it from infirmities, to strengthen, and corroborate the weak, to raise the dejected, in a word, to keep the body in health and comfort, till the approach of death, to whose yoke all must yield: whose Laws, the greatest Monarches, Kings, and Princes, cannot resist. To this one Law all people of every Country, Nation, quality and degree become obedient; as to a Law, most necessary, most excellent, sound pure & just; being grounded upon, and drawn from the purest and most wholesome fountains of Nature. It is not strict nor rigid, but mild and gentle; it succoureth, refresheth, and restoreth those that have languished by reason of tedious diseases: health of body is all the comfort a man hath in this troublesome and turbulent world: this is that, which maketh humane actions to flourish: she is the most excellent chamber companion, she is the richest treasure; for she is more precious than gold, the best of all earthly goods; to say all, Without it, no earthly thing is a blessing.  
Hence it cometh, that the Art of Physic hath gained a reverend esteem in all Ages: and the Physicians sometimes, more than humane honour. Aesculapius' transported this Art from Egypt into Greece: the Greciaus (thinking he could raise the dead) honoured, and worshipped him as a god, & his two daughters as goddesses. Indeed the difficulty of Medicine brings the more honour & dignity to a good Physician, which generally is thus described: A good Physician ought to be a man learned, honest, gentle, diligent. He ought to trust in God, more than in his own skill. He ought to know what he would do, and be able to put it into practice, because the health and life of mankind is committed into his hands. And, as he imitates Christ who cures the soul, the Physician the body; so he ought to imitate him in a holy and unblameable conversation. He ought to deny himself, and to be very tender of the poor. He must not be ignorant in Divinity, well skilled in Anatomy, in the knowledge of Simples, and making up of compound Medicines: And (saith Galen) if he be ignorant of the Mathe maticks, he is a murderer.  
Hypocrates in his Aphorisms describes a Physician thus; He ought in discourse to be witty and solid: and so let him behave himself in reproving the errors of his Patient, and those that look to him, Let him not be fearful nor over confident, but let him walk in the middle path, between fear and confidence. He should be neat in body and mind, temperate in diet, a hater of venereous and lascivious actions: let every wise man beware of a drunken Physician, or any way viciously inclined. Let him not greedily desire honour, but what he honestly getteth by his Art; let him not beg it of others, nor confer it upon himself. Let him be courteous and have a fellow feeling of others miseries. Let him declare the event of a disease, so far as he knoweth it, that so he may stir up the sick to obedience, and avoid the ignominse of that may be cast upon the Art: yet let him so declare it, as not to afflict the mind with the Disease of the body. A good Physician is not envious at the success of another, nor will he detract from his due praise. He ought not to be dogged, currish, scurrilous, nor ridiculous, to be familiar with all, and speak no more than becometh him: let him use but few words, and those that are pertinent to the purpose. Let gravity and love, be read in his face. He ought to visit the sick as often as necessity requireth, and speak comfortably to him. Let no unseemly action, nor uncivil word proceed from him. Let him not forsake his Patient for any cause whatsoever. Let him consult with God in the beginning of all his cures, and hearty give God thanks for the performance of them. Let him love godliness, and honesty, and be an unblameable servant to God, and Nature. These are the principal and chief Characters, by which every diseased man may make choice of his Physician, of whom I shall say with the learned Fernelius: Medicus remedia confert, non solum ut naturae minister, fed interdum ut adjutor, interdum etiam ut opifex primarius: A Physician doth cure, not only as Nature's servant, but sometimes us her helper, yea sometimes as the chief workman. I shall not build my discourse Theorically but Practically: and having in the former Book briefly desctibed the principal parts of man and the humane faculties and virtues thereon depending: I shall in this Book declare the Causes, Symptoms, and Cures of Diseases in those parts, which hinder them in the exercise of those humane faculties. I shall treat of each disease simply and distinctly, and leave this Aphorism to the consideration of the ingenious: Simplex affectus, simplici remedio; compositus composito propellendus: A simple Disease is removed by a simple remedy; a compound Disease is expelled by compound Medicines.   

CHAP. II. Of Diseases of the Head.  
MAny Diseases are incident to the Head of Man, I shall treat of them in order, according to the places which they possess, which I shall divide into three parts: First, the Membranes. Secondly, the substance of the Brain. Thirdly, the Nerves which nourish the Brain. The Membranes, is the first pannicle within the Skull, called Dura Mater; or without the Skull, called Pericranium: which are subject to these Diseases, viz. the Headache, the inveterate Headache, and the Megrim. In the substance of the Brain, which is the seat and instrument of the intellectual faculties of the Soul, viz. imaginations, judgement, and memory, are defects also, viz. the depravation of those faculties, as a Frenzy, Melancholy, and Madness; Sleepy Disease, Lethargy. The Ventricles of the brain are subject to many distempers, as Vertigo, Falling sickness, the night Mare, the Apoplexy, Palsy, Convulsion, trembling and quaking, and Catarrhs.  

Of inveterate Headache, ●…d the Megrim.  
The inveterate Headache is called in Greek and Latin, Cephalaea; it is a disease of long continuance, very painful, and upon every light occasion invadeth the Patient with sharp fits; that he cannot endure noise, nor light, but desireth to lie still in the dark: sometime this Disease is with continuance, and sometimes with intermission.   

The Cause.  
This Disease is caused through blood or other humours abounding, or by sharp humours, or vapours within or without the Scull, inflaming the Head: sometimes weakness of the Head is the Cause.   

The Sign.  
If fullness of humours be the cause of the Disease: then is the Head very heavy and lumpish: if the humours be sharp, the pain is felt with pricking & shooting, if there be inflammation, the Head worketh like the Pulses: if wind be the peccant cause, there is found distension or stretching out, without heaviness or beating: if two or more of these Symptoms appear together, judge accordingly. Note that if the pain be felt superficially, or outwardly, than is the perieranium grieved: If it be felt within (which is known by the pain at the roots of the Eyes) then is the grief within the Dura Mater. Hemicrania or the Megrim differeth not from Cephalaea, saving if in the Megrim one half of the Head is afflicted, whereas in the other the whole Head, by the aforegoing Symptoms, you may discover the humour offending.   

The Cure.  
As there are diversity of Causes, so there is of Cures: If the Disease be engendered of plenitude of humours, and the whole boy app●…●…ll: it is not amiss to begin the cure with the evacu●… of the whole body: and if age, strength and the season consent, open the Gephalick or head Vein: If phlegmatic and viscuous humours, be the Cause, it is good to extenuate and make thin the humours, thus; Take of Oximel scilliticum, and syrup of Staechas, of each half an ounce; distilled water of Marjerom, Betony and Parsley, an ounce; mix these and make a potion for the morning. Or else make a decoction in this manner; Take Mint, Calamint, Marjerom, Betony, Sage, of each half a handful: the seeds of sweet Fennel, Annis, and Parstey of each half an ounce; the roots of Asparagus, Fennel, and Parsley, of each two ounces; Peony root, half an ounce; shred the herbs, bruise the seeds, slice the roots, and take out the pith, and boil it in a quart of water till half be consumed, strain it, and add of syrup of Betony compound, one ounce: and Oximel simplex as much; and make a potion for three times; take it, at night two hours after a light supper; the Body thus prepared, you may come to purge, and evacuate the peccant humours: Take half a dram of Pill. Cochiae, the greater in the morning, and keep the Chamber; they which are most commendable are pills of Hiera with Agarick; Take half a drachm at night two hours after a light supper, take some warm broth in the morning, and keep the house; thus do for a week or longer: in like manner you may use Pill. Alephanginae, and order your body as before: and remember that gross and clammy-humours will not follow, a sudden purgation, and therefore often purging is used, that so they may be drawn out by little and little. Also clysters are necessary because they cleanse the bowels, and pull back those humours and vapours, which ascend and annoy the head: Take of Mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Endive, Succory, Violet-leaves, Cammomell-flowers, of each one handful, sweet Fennellseed, half an ounce, Linseed, Two drachmas, boil them in a quart of Spring water, (or rather clear posset-drink,) till half be consumed, strain it out; and to the decoction, add of the pulp of Cassia Fistula, one ounce; Oil of Rue half an ounce, Benedictae Laxativae, half an ounce.  
The Body being purged by discretion, it is not amiss, for the patiented to make use of some diet drink, that hath power to warm the brain, to exsiccate and concoct crude humours, to attenuate the gross, cut that which is tough, and expel the thinnest, either by Urine, or insenfible transpiration.  
You may make it thus. Take of Guajacum, Sassufras, the Root of Salsaperilla, of each two ounces, English Liquoris, and Cinnamon, of each one ounce, Coriander-seed half an ounce: infuse them 24 hours in 4 quarts of Spring-water, the vessel standing in hot embers, and close covered; afterwards boil it gently to the consumption of half, sweeten it with honey, whilst it is hot; let the Patient drink half a pint in the morning, and dispose himself for sweat: and if he drink it for his ordinary drink, 15 or 20 days more or less, as necessity requireth, it is the better. If the Patient become costive by the use of this diet drink, let him take a Clyster, as often as need requireth: and once in seven days let him take some purging medicine; that day, omitting the diet drink.  
This bowl, taken in the morning two hours before meat, is exceeding good to strengthen the head, after due evacuation of the peccant humours, viz: Conserve of Roses, and of Rosemary-flowers, of each two scruples, of Venice Treacle the weight of both, with a little fine Sugar, make bowl, and administer it, as before.  
Likewise may Gargarisms be made, and used in manner following: Take the root of Masterwort a drachma, Long-Pepper and Nutmegs, half a dram: Mustardseed one scruple, beat them to powder, and put them in a linen cloth, and chew it half an hour, which will purge the head of gross and phlegmatic humours.  
Sometimes it is convenient to use Sneezing-Powders, and you may make them in this sort: Take the Leaves of Marjarom, Rosemary, and Betony dried, two scruples, white Hellebore, Cloves, Nutmegs, Cubeba, of each half a scruple, beat them into fine powder, and, by the help of a quill, provoke sneezing.  
Also a quilt, to corroborate and strengthen the Brain may be thus made: Take of Wood-Betony dried, one ounce: the flowers of Rosemary, and Stachas, a Drachm; Red-rose-leaves, two drachms, Frankincense, Mastic, Benzoin, Mace and Cloves, of each half a Drachma, beat them to powder and quilt it in Silk or Linen, and apply it warm.  
I might here reach you to make Plasters to corroborate the brain, to attract, or resolve the humours, but I forbear here for brevityes-sake, and refer you to its proper place, where I shall treat of the making of Plasters and their uses.  
If the distemper hath its original from Choleric humours; let him use meats and drinks that are naturally cold and moist; it is convenient that the humours be prepared, quenched, and concocted: for which purpose you may use this medicine following; Syrup of Violets one ounce, of Water-lilies, half an ounce, distilled waters of Endive, Succory and Lettuce, of each one ounce, mix them, and drink it in the morning fasting; the humours thus concocted, and made mild and obedient unto nature, may the better be removed by purging medicines: To which purpose, take fine Rhubarb two drachms, Spickuard, one scruple, cut small and infused in the distilled water of Endive, Succory, and bugloss of each one ounce, for the space of twelve hours: dissolve therein a drachma of the electuary of the juice of Roses, and make a purging potion. Pills of Reubarbs, and Alephangina may be safely used in this case: the dose is a scruple or half a drachma taken at night going to bed: Pill, aureae, or golden Pills taken half a drachm in the morning, purgeth choleric and other offensive humours from the head.  
Clysters in this case profiteth much. Take of the decoction for a Clyster before described: add one ounce of Cassia fistula, Hiera picra half an ounce, oil of Roses one ounce, Salt half a drachma, mix them and make a Clyster.  
After purging of the Choleric humour it is convenient to cool and strengthen the head by outward medicines: oil of Roses, and oil of Cammomell, mixed with a little white-Wine-Vinegar, is good to anoint the head; but if there need greater cooling, you may add to the oils juice of Housleek, Purslane, Nightshade or Sorrel. If the sick cannot sleep, anoint the forehead with oil of Water Lilies and Poppy.  
If the symptoms declare wind to be the cause, let the Patient eschew all meats that do breed windiness, empty the belly with Clysters; that are made of such things as do naturally dissolve windiness: viz. The seeds of anise, Sweet Fennell, Carraway and Coming, of each one ounce, boil them in a quart of posset-drink till half be wasted, strain it, and add to the liquor Catholicon, and diaphaenicon, of each half an ounce. This Clyster doth not only purge the intestines, and those parts about the Liver, but also pulleth back those vapours which ascend to the Head.  
To the outside of the Head may be applied repulsive medicines, as Vinegar, Wormwood, Melilot, Mints, Pomegranate-rinds, Shepherd's Pouch, Purslane, Laurel, Nutmegs, &c: After a moderate use of these, add medicines that have power to mitigate, concoct, and digest: as Camomile, Linseed, Fenugreek, Saffron, yolks of Eggs, Hens and Goose-grease. Lastly, apply medicines that have power to discuss, viz: meal of Lupins, and Barley, Lilly-roots, Nigella, oils of Dill and Rew.    

CHAP. III. Of the Frenzy.  
THe Frenzy is an inflammation of the brain and membranes thereof caused by the abundance of blood or choler occupying those parts: it differeth from madness in this that a fever is joined to the Frenzy. Some that are thus grieved, do err much in imagination; others are acute in imagination, but want judgement to regulate their cogitations: and some are deprived of memory.  

Symptoms and Signs.  
They who are thus grieved, are in a continual Fever, are mad, and cannot sleep: Sometimes they sleep, and are much troubled therein. They often rub their eyes, which are red and sometimes dry, sometimes afflicted with a hot rheum. The tongue is rough, sometimes they bleed at Nose; they snatch and catch at the bed-clothes: their Pulse is weak, and hard like the motion of a sinew: they breathe seldom: If choler be the cause of the I hrensie, they rage's very furiously, and can scarcely be ruled: if blood be the cause, they sometimes laugh, and rejoice: This disease (according to the opinion of the wisest Physicians) for the most part is deadly and incurable.   

The Cure.  
For the cure of this distemper, the blood, or cholet afflicting the brain, must be discussed, pulled back, repelled, and evacuated, so, that the distemper of the head be removed, the strength of the head, and of the whole body be preserved. It is convenient, as soon as the disease is discovered to open a Vein, having first administered a Clyster, thus made: Take of the Leaves of Violets, Mallows, Endive, Beets, and Lettuce, of each one handful, of the root of Marsh-Mallows an ounce, of the flowers of water-Lillies, and the tops of Dill, of each half a handful, let them be boiled in a sufficient quantity of Barleywater; then strained out to a pint of this decoction, dissolve Cassia newly drawn, Syrup of Violets, Diaprunum Lenitive, of each half an ounce, brown Sugar one ounce, and make a Clyster.  
You must, soon after the Patient hath had a stool, open the Cephalick or Head-Veine, but if blood do abound, open the Basilick or Liver-veine, or the middle Vein first, and after a while breathe the cephalick Vein. If you find that suppression of Menstrues, or the hemorrhoid, hath been the cause of the distemper, you may first open the Vein under the Ankle called Saphaena, and afterwards open the Cephalick Vein. If the age, and strength of the Patient forbidden not, you must bleed him often in the Cephalick Vein; if the body be weak open the Vein under the Ankle: be sure not to draw too much blood at once, lest the sick faint. If you fear blood-letting, by reason of age, want of streangth, or a bad season, use cupping with scarification, behind the neck upon the back bone.  
It is good also to use Frictions, and Ligatures upon the legs, and to draw blisters upon the Arms and Shoulders.  
After Phlebotomy, you must apply medicines that do cool the Brain, and repel, and hinder the humours from ascending to the head: as Oil of Roses two ounces, Rose Vinegar one ounce, the water of Plantain, and Lettuce, of each two ounces, with the whites of two Eggs, mingle them together, and apply it, to the forehead with a double cloth. If that prove not essicacious, take oil of Mandrakes, Roses, Violets, and water Lillyes of each two drachms; the juice of Lettuce and Purslane, of each half an ounce, the whites of two eggs, mingle and apply it.  
But here let me advise people; to be very wary and careful in the applying of these medicines; by no m●anes apply cooling medicines in the extremity of the fit; nor refrigerate and stupsie the Brain too suddenly; lest by overmuch cooling you turn the Frenzy into a Lethargy, and make your Patient sleep his last. Likewise consider from the Symptoms of the disease, to what part of the head, to apply your medicine, having consideration to the age of your patient, and season of the year, your Wit will inform you, whether you are best to apply it warm or cold. If you find the inflammation extend itself to the skin, and exterior parts, use no repelling medicines, for fear you drive the distemper to the Brain.  
It is convenient likewise to refrigerate the interior parts, thus; take of the syrups of Violet, erratic Poppys, and Pomegranates, of each four drachms: the distilled waters of Plant, Lettuce, Poppy, and Purslane of each two ounces, mix them and make a julep, for three doses. This electuary is good in this case: Conserve of Roses and Violets, of each one ounce; the conserve of Clove-Gilliflowers, and water Lillys, of each half an ounce; Diamargatiton frigidum, half a drachma, with Syrup of Violets: make it into an electuary, give the sick the quantity of a Nutmeg, once in an hour, two, or three as necessity shall require.  
Having thus prepared the humours, you may evacuate them by purgations, but it is convenient to use the most gentle purgers; you may safely administer an ounce of Catholicon in the evening; drink somewhat warm in the morning, it is a fine cooling and gentle purge. Or you may make a decoction of some cooling herbs, and in half a pint of the liquor warm, infuse therein a drachma of Rhubarb 12. hours; dissolve therein half an ounce of Catholicon, and two drachms of syrup of Roses, and make a potion. Let his drink be Barley water, and mingle with it, the syrup of Pomegranates, Lemons or Barberies. By this you may know how to cure not only Frenzies, but all rave and watch which are engendered by Fevers.    

CHAP. IU. Of Madness.  
THe Latins call this disease Insania, and Furor, and the Greeks Mania, we call it Madness, In this distemper the body is much out of order, and the Spirits much disquieted: It cometh without a , and therein it differeth from the Frenzy. This disease is caused, sometimes of the abundance of blood flowing up to the Brain: Sometimes of hot and choleric humours, or of a hot distemper of the Brain. The Symptoms of Madness, are, weakness of the Head, tickling of the Ears, and shinings before their eyes, watch, strange thoughts, and ravenous appetite: If it proceed from the abundance of blood, there followeth continual laughing, objects of laughter evermore appearing before the eyes. When it proceedeth from both blood and choler, it causeth a dashing and fervent motion in the brain, which maketh the sick ireful, full of motion, and bold. But if the choler wax gross, the sick is more mad, and harder to cure.  
There is another sort of Madness, caused by melancholy occupying the mind and changing the temperature of it: Sometimes the blood is generally corrupted by melancholy, and the brain hurt thereby. Sometimes melanchollyblood ascendeth to the brain, when the blood is not generally corrupted. Sometimes inflammations, obstructions and evil effects of the Stomach and Spleen may be the cause thereof. There are many Signs of this distemper, they which are most common are these; fearfulness, sadness, hatred, and very strange imaginations: Some have fancied themselves beasts, and have counterfeited the voice of Beasts: others, earthen-pots, and have fled from company for fear of being broken: Sometimes they desire death, and to make away themselves; Sometimes they much dread death. Some think themselves inspired with the holy Spirit, and do Prophesy; others fancy themselves great Philosophers. If the blood be generally corrupted, the body is lean, pale, and rough, and generally melancholy. They, whose distemper arise from defects of the stomach or Spleen: have burn, grievous inflammations, and plucking of the sides, are subject to be costive; troubled with wind fuming to the head, causing lightness and troublesome dreams.  
For the cure: If blood abound (after the administering of a Clyster) you must come to blood-letting: You may open the Cephalick; if that appear not, the middle vein: draw as much blood as the strength of the Patient will bear: you may, as you find occasion, open the vein in the forehead, if it appear: if the sick be a woman open the vein under the Ankle, you may also bleed the Hemorrhoid-veines. I beseech you, not only here, but in all other distempers, to be very careful, and sparing of your Patient's blood; draw not too much at a time lest you weaken nature too much: in this case it is best often to bleed, and in the mean time, keep the body soluble, either by Clysters, made as the former Chapter will direct you, or other convenient purges, viz: Take black Hellebore sliced small, one ounce; infuse it three days in a quarter of a pint of rainwater: then boil it gently to the consumption of the third part, (keeping it close covered) strain it out and add to the liquor, two ounces of clarified honey: let the sick drink half an ounce (in the morning) in a little broth or posset-drink, for several days together: increase or decrease the dose according to the strength or debility of your patient. Or take of the extract of black Hellebore half a scruple, Syrup of Violets, one ounce; mix it for one dose.  
If the body require a stronger purgation; Take of Diagridium, and Lapis Lazuli, of each half a drachma. Turbith, one drachm: Sena, half an ounce, Epithymum, Cremo-tartar of each two drachms: Of Cinnamon, and Citron pills, of each one scruple; Safron, half a scruple; Let them be finely pulverised, the dose is a drachma or four Scruples administered in broth or some other convenient Liquor. These are convenient medicines, which purge both choler and melancholy. You may purge with confectio Hamech, Diasenae, Pillulae Indae, Pill: Lapid: Lazuli; the dose must be regulated according to your patient's condition, strength, and age. Before you come to purging, make use of altering or preparing medicines; Take of the flowers of Borage, bugloss, and Violets; of Harts-tongue, Fumitory, and Tamarisk, of each one handful; Raisins of the Sun stoned, one ounce: bark of the root of Capers, three drachms: roots of Fennell, Parsly, Lycorish, of each a drachma, boil them all gently in three pints of water, till one be consumed, strain them out, and clarify the liquor with whites of eggs; add to the same, of the syrups of Fumitory, Epithimum, and Apples magisterial, of each one o●nce: Take half a pint in the morning; use this, or medicines of this nature, three or four days: twice in the week, purge gently; twice in a month administer a strong purge: ever remember in the mean time to use Phlebotomy, as necessity requireth: forget not to empty the body by Clysters, if there be occasion: The night after you have let your patiented blood, be sure you administer such things, as have power to procure sleep, which you may do thus: Take of conserve of Roses, Violets, and bugloss flowers, of each half an ounce: the conserve of the young tops of Tamariske, and Clove Gilliflowors; of the stalk of Lettuce, and Citron rinds preserved, of each four dra●…, Mirabolanes and Emblicks, of each one: Confectio Alchermes and de Hyacintho, of each two drachms, Coral and Pearls prepared, of each two scruples. pill: diá Margariton frigidum, and Laetificans, half a drachma, mix them well in a marble or glass Morter, adding one ounce of syrup of sweet-sented apples: The dose is the quantity of a Walnut, drink after it a little of some convenient Julep or decoction. You must likewise apply repelling and discussing medicines to the head; the Chapter of the Frenzy will furnish you with such medicines. But if the Choleric, and melancholy humours in the Brain, are gross and hard to be removed, prepare a fomentation in this manner. Talte a sufficient quantity of Cephalick herrbs, viz: Betony, Pennyroyal, Rosemary, Lettuce, Plantain. Willow-leaves, Housleek, Strawberry-leaves; Violet-leaves, Fumitory, Water-Lillys (or their Flowers) Staechas, Poppys, boil them in a sufficient quantity of Fountain water: then take of Bay-berries, and the root of black Hellebore, a sufficient quantity, crossly bruise them, and sow them (with some of the softest of the herbs) into a long bag, boil the bag a little in the aforesaid decoction; bathe the head (being shaved) with the decoction, an hour, as hot as may well be endured, with double : then bind the bag to the crown of the head with hot clothes, let the patiented lie in his bed and sleep if he can, this will wonderfully expel the humours, through the Emunctories of the head, for it wonderfully discusseth the fuliginous matter, gathered in the head, which other remedies can scarcely perform. This you may do for nine days together if you see occasion; but be sure to keep the head warm afterward. If you find that obstruction or inflammation of the Spleen, or defects of the Stomach be the cause of the distemper, you must administer inward and outward medicines, to open the obstruction, and allay the inflammation; for such medicines, I refer you to those Chapters, where I shall treat of the distempers of those parts.   

CHAP. V Of the Apoplexy, Lethargy, and Sleepy-disease.  
THe Apoplexy is a depriving of sense & motion throughout the whole body, coming suddenly without let or hurt of all voluntary functions.  

Causes.  
It is caused of humours cold, gross and tough, which fill up and obstruct the Ventricles of the brain; which are engendered by overmuch crudities: drunkenness is oftentimes the cause: Sometimes a blow or fall causing humours to flow thither is the cause: Sometimes of a gross melancholy humour: Or, the excrements and humidity of the brain, are congealed and thickened by the coldness of the air.   

Signs.  
The Symptoms or forerunners of this disease are violent and sharp pains of the head, the Vertigo, the swelling of the Veins of the neck, a slowness to move, the extreme parts of the body, cold. When the disease cometh to its height, the breathing is so diminished, that it cannot be perceived, and that is a very evil sign; or else it is holden for a while, and then fetched with great violence: so much the more it differeth from the natural course, so much stronger is the disease. Hypocrates in his Aphorisms saith, that it is impossible to cure a strong Apoplexy, and not easy to cure a weak one.  
The Lethargy is likewise an inexpugnable desire of sleeping, & sluggishness; Its name in the Greek, viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth forgetfulness, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dull, viz. dull oblivion. The cause is the same with the former in quality: they differ only in this, that the Lethargy is accompanied with a Fever and raving: the Pulse is great and striketh seldom, and as if they were full of water: they fetch their breath weakly, always sleepy, and can scarcely be compelled to awake. If you call them very loud, they will sometimes open their eyes, but soon shut them again: they gasp and gape, and sometimes forget to shut their mouths, etc.  
Coma is a profound sleep, from which if he be roused, he will answer to any Question, but soon fall asleep again: sometimes the sick watcheth much, yet cannot hold open his eyes, but is very desirous to sleep.  
Carus is also a sleepy disease, and differeth from the rest; it differeth from Coma and the Lethargy, because they that have Carus lie in a dead sleep, call them, pull them, and prick them, they will not answer. Again, for the most part a violent Fever goeth before Carus: in the Lethargy it followeth; it differeth from the Apoplexy, in it the breath is very straight, that the sick can scarcely breathe at all, but in Carus the sick hath his breath at liberty.   

The Cure.  
They who are afflicted with either of these Diseases, are in much danger, and have need of the speedy help of an able Physician, who must without delay use his best endeavours. First let him endeavour to awake his Patient out of this dead sleep, by presenting forcible objects to every sense: Let him place him so, that the Sun beams, or some clear light, may shine upon his face: Let him fill his ears with noise, clamours, and sounds, and call him by his name with a loud voice, put up into his nose things that are sharp, as Rue, Castoreum, and Vinegar: do the like to his mouth. Likewise you must provoke the sense of feeling by frictions, pulling of the hair, pulling out and solding the fingers, and all other parts, binding, etc. You must provoke the body to stool by sharp Clysters, thus; Take of Sage, Betony, Rue, Centory, of each one handful: Camomel, Calamint, and Pennyroyal, of each half a handful: the seeds of Cummin, sweet Fennel, and Dill, of each three drachms: the roots of Polypody, six drachms: Agarick, three drachms: pulp of Coliquintida, one drachin; boil them in a convenient quantity of water, until half be consumed; to a pint of the decoction, add the oils of Lilies and Rue, of each half an ounce; Hiera Picra, Benedicta Laxativa, and Diaphaenicon, of each half an ounce; Honey of Roses, an ounce: Salt, a drachm: mix them and make a Clyster. If your Patient be young, strong, and full of hot humours, and blood, you must soon after the operation of the Clyster, open a vein in one Arm, let him not bleed too much at once, lest his strength fail; in a few hours space open a vein in the other Arm: for by that means the disease will be the more abated, and the strength the more preserved. After the first vein opened, if you perceive his countenance more lively, his pulse beat more orderly and his breath fetched with more ease, it is a good sign, and a good encouragement to open another vein: Make the Orifice wide, or else the grosseft blood will lie behind. Where you see the body abound with blood, draw blood liberally: if not, draw blood sparingly.  
After letting blood, if you see hopes of your Patient's recovery, within a few hours, you must administer some purgation, the time of the day matters not: one ounce of Elect. Diacarthamum, half a scruple of Castor, dissolved in Betony water: you may in this case make use of Pillulae Cochiae, the greater, or the less: or Pillulae de Agarico, (pills of Agarick.) But in the Lethargy (by reason it is accompanied with a Fever) you ought to administer more gentle purgations, as Pillulae Hiera cum Agarico, (I shall lay down some general Rules for purging, in the next Book,) which serve to divert the humours, flowing to the Head. But the humours there fixed, must be purged with Scammony, one Scruple: Castor, two scruples: administered in Oximel, which hath been proved with good success.  
If hitherto your Medicines prove unsuccessful, you must venture to administer stronger, not fearing the danger or strength of your Medicine, seeing without it, nothing can be expected. You may use such Medicines as are extracted out of Antimony, or those less violent, as is the infusion of Crocus Mettallorum: or two drachms of the Tincture of Tobacco, extracted with the Spirit of Wine, doth powerfully evacuate upwards and downwards, both choleric and phlegmatic humours, and cleanseth not only the Stomach and Bowels, but the Brain also.  
Also Frictions and Ligatures on the extreme parts are necessary, that the vapours do not ascend to the Head. You may fasten Cupping glasses to the Shoulders, Arms, and Thighs, with scarification, if you have not let your Patiented blood, otherwise without: forget not the often administration of Clysters, or instead thereof, you may use Suppositories, made thus. Take two ounces of Honey boiled to a due thickness, of Hiera Piera, two drachms; Coloquintida, Agarick, and Scammony, of each two seruples: Salt gem, one drachm: make them into fine powder, and mix them with the Honey, and make Suppositories as long as you think good.  
You may apply things to their Noses, which have a property to awaken them, as Vinegar, Castoreum, Galbanum, Sulphur, Goats-horn, or Hartshorn burnt, and holden to the Nose: A fume made with white Amber, is of excellent virtue in the Apoplexy; You must pull them by the hair, and prick their Legs, or rub them with Salt and Vinegar: You must anoint the Palare of the Mouth with strong and sharp Medicines, as Mithridate, Mustard, powder of Masterwort: and rub the bottoms of the Feet with Salt and Vinegar, and the Palms of the Hands with the Oils of Rue, and Castor. If the disease be of long continuance, provoke sneezing, with those Powders prescribed in the second Chapter: to which you may add Rue and Castor.  
You may apply resolving Medicines, but first you must make them thus: Take the leaves of Betony, Sage, and Rosemary, of each one handful; the tops of Lavender, and Marjerom, Rue, and Savoury, of each half a handful; the roots of Angelica, Masterwort, and Setwall, of each one ounce; Bayberries, and Juniper berries, of each half an ounce; boil them in a sufficient quantity of Vinegar, and with a Sponge or cloth dipped in the decoction, bathe the Head of the sick.  
If the Disease yield not to these Medicines, you may fasten Cupping glass', to the upper part of the Neck, about the first or second joint: Some use to draw Blisters there, and with good success.  
Many precious Medicines, against this distemper, have been left to posterity; I shall (omitting many) insert this one, viz. Take of the root of Peony, and Misleto of the Oak, of each two ounces; Calamus, Aromaticus, Galanga, Cyperus, of each one ounce; of Betony, Sage, Marjerom, of each one handful; the seeds of Peony, Annis, Fennel, and Carraway, of each three drachms; the flowers of Lavender, Stechas, and Rosemary, of each half a handful; of Nutmegs, Mace, Cubebs, Cloves, Grains of Paradise, of each half an ounce: Cinnamon, two ounces: Saffron, half a drachm: of Species Diambrae, and Diamoshi, of each two drams. Let all these ingredients be shredd and bruised, and put into a glass Limbeck; power on them of the best rectified Spirit of Wine, enough to cover them, the breadth of three fingers; digest them in a  eight days, afterward distil it, and upon occasion administer a drachm, or half a drachm, in some other convenient liquor. In like manner may the Spirit of Castor be administered in Oximel, and 'tis a good Medicine against these Diseases. Moreover, be very careful that you well understand the nature of the humour offending, as if blood offend, use not too many refrigerating Medicines, and bleed the more; I need say no more, Verbum sapientibus, etc. If after so many Evacuations, the Brain become too cold, and much weakened, you may strengthen it with Lozenges made thus, or after this manner; Take of the distilled oils of Annis, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs, of each three drops: oil of Cloves, one drop: Amber-grease, half a scruple: with four ounces of Sugar, dissolved in Betony water, make Lozenges, take a drachm in a morning. Likewise you may make Pills to strengthen the Head in this manner: Take of the Species Cordiales temperatae, and Aromaticum Rosatum, of each two drachms; Mastic, Nutmegs, and Cloves, of each one scruple; Ambergrease, half a scruple: and Musk three grains; make it into a Mass for Pills with the juice of Marjerom, and take a scruple to bedward, once or twice a week: or you may take half a drachm of the powder, called Diarrhadon Abatis, night or morning. If any fear the return of this Disease again after cure: or any (by the aforegoing Symptoms) fear its growth upon them; let them carefully consider the humour offending: if blood abound, lessen it by opening a vein; if Choler, phlegm, or melancholy, by purgation; How you may know which humour offendeth, or by what it may be purged, this Treatise (if you have any ingenuity) will inform you.    

CHAP. VI Of the Vertigo, and Falling-sickness.  

THe Vertigo is a Disease which maketh a man think every thing turneth round, and suddenly his sight faileth him, all things appear misty and dark. This disease is caused through inordinate moving of windy vapours, and Spirits contained in the Brain, or in the Mouth of the Stomach offending the Brain.  

The Sign.  
Those that are thus troubled, a darkness and mist appears before their eyes, upon every light occasion, especially if they turn about. It astonisheth him to see a man, a wheel, or any thing, turn round. When it is accompanied with sound, and noise in the ears, and vehement pain in the Head, with much heaviness; the deprivation, or debility of any of the senses: these are infallible testimonies that the cause of the distemper lieth in the Brain: then is the fit worst, when the head is heat by the S●n, or any other means. If gnawing of the stomach, or a disposition to vomit, precede the fit, than the disease proceedeth from the mouth of the Stomach. This Disease is oftentimes a Prodormus or forerunner of the Epilepsy or Falling-sickness, and sometimes of the Apoplexy.    

The Epilepsy is a Writhing, Cramp, and Convulsion of all the parts of the Body; it attacheth and much hurteth the sense and mind. Sometimes it is caused through gross and clammy phlegm, or choler, stopping the passage of the Ventricles of the Brain: and sometimes from the mouth of the Stomach, as in the Vertigo. There goeth before this Disease an evil state of the body and mind, sadness, forgetfulness, troublesome dreams, ache of the Head, and continual fullness of the same, paleness of the Face, and inordinate moving of the Tongue.  

The Sign.  
They, who are afflicted with this Disease, fall down, are plucked up together, they tremble and turn about, snort, cry out, beat themselves, and foam at the Mouth.   

The Cure.  
It is good for those that are thus afflicted, to eschew all meats of a hard digesture, and such as afford a crude nourishment, or breed fumosities; observe the same in all Diseases of the Head. In the beginning of the cure, make the body soluble by Clysters if need be. If plenitude appear, and the sick be of a sanguine complexion, begin the cure with blood letting: otherwise observe the same order, before prescribed in the Cephalaea, or Headache, proceeding of gross and phlegmatic humours; this remembering, to add to the Medicines there described, the roots and seeds of Peony, and Misleto of the Oak, which have a notable faculty in the cure of the Falling-sickness, as experience teacheth. Make use of the sudorific drink, there described, thirty or forty days, adding to every dose, three or four drops of Vitriol; You must purge the sick with Pillulae Cochiae, Pillulae cum Agarico, or such as purge phlegm, but remember to regulate your purges, according to the strength of the sick; and to prepare the body with Medicines, which do attenuate and cut gross and thick humours: as be the syrups of Wormwood, Hyssop, Stechas, or Oximel scilliticum: or with the decoction of Hyssop, the roots of Peony, or such like. Stibium is of great force, and doth mightily purge the superfluous humours of the Head; you must use it thus, take 12 grains, and make it into fine powder; put it into four ounces of Wine, and there let it remain 24, hours, shaking it every three or four hours; then pour off the Wine, leaving the powder, and drink it with a little Sugar: let none use this Medicine but such as have strong Bodies, and be first well advised by a skilful Physician. The syrup of Tobacco, mentioned by Quercetanus in his Pharmacopaeia, is of great force and virtue against this disease; but before you make use thereof, be well advised, as I said before. After the Body hath been diligently, and carefully purged, it is meet you make use of this, or such like Medicines, viz. Take of the flowers of Betony, Rosemary, Peony, and bugloss, of each one ounce; the root of Eringo, and the rind of Citrons preserved, of each two drachms: powder of Sassafras, one ounce; of the seed of Peony, and Misleto of the Oak, gathered the Moon decreasing, Elks claws, of each half a drachm: of the Scull of a man not buried calcined, half a drachm: of Coral, Pearls, and Hartshorn prepared, of each four scruples: of Bezoar, one scruple: Diamosh. dulcis, four scruples; Theriaca Andromachi, and Confectio de Hyacintho, of each one drachm, Oil of Vitriol 20 drops: with as much Syrup, Citron Pills, and Oximel, as is sufficient to make a liquid Electuary or Opiar, of which take three or four times in a day the quantity of a filbert. Emplastrum Epispaslicum, and such as have power to draw blisters, and Caustics, may with good success be applied to the hinder part of the Head and Neck.  
Fabius Columnus extolleth the root of Valerian to the Skies, for the cure of this Disease: a drachm in powder administered in Wine, or other convenient liquor, is a sufficient Dose. Of no less esteem is this Chemical Medicine following; Spirit of Vitriol, one scruple: Spirit of Tartar, one drachm; Treacle water camphorated, one drachm and a half: mix them, and in a glass well sealed, digest them a Month; the Dose is one drachm, taken with some convenient liquor.  
If a Child have this Disease, you must make use of Medicines suitable to the age and strength of the Child: If it suck, let the Nurse use a moderate diet, and eat such meats as afford good nourishment. By Clyster or Suppository, make the Child soluble. Take one ounce of fine Sugar, of Poony root, and Misleto of the Oak, of each half a drachm: with as much oil of sweet Almonds as is sufficient to make a Lohock, and let the Child lick often thereof.  
Riverius commendeth this Epileptic powder, by him called Pulvis de gutteta, Take the root and seed of Peony, the root of white Dittany, Misleto of the Oak, of each half an ounce: the seed of Arach, two drachms: of man's Scull, three drachms: red Coral prepared, of Hyacinthus, or Jacinth, of each half a drachm, of Elks claws prepared, half an ounce: Musk, one scruple: leafgold, one drachm; mix them, and make them into very fine powder: of which administer from half a scruple to a scruple, in milk, broth, or some Antepileptical water, as the compound water of Peony, etc. Anoint the Head of the Child with oils of Dill, and Marjerom: apply Medicines to the Head, that have power to discuss the peccant humours, and to corroborate, the Brain: Anoint the Backbone, and those members which are contracted, and drawn together, with this following Lineament. Take of the Oils of Rue, and Earthworms, of each two ounces: the oil of Castor, a drachm: with a little Aqua vitae, make a Lineament. Or, take of Venice Treacle, one drachm; Confectio Alchermes, and de Hyacintho, of each a scruple; the waters of Betony, Sage, Marjerom, and Cinnamon of each half an ounce; mix them all, and bathe the Nose, Temples, and Ears: and you may give the Child half an ounce to take inwardly. You may purge the Child twice in the month with Manna, Syrups of Roses, and Rhubarb: and every change of the Moon, take a dose of the powder before mentioned, and oftener if need require.  
To conclude, if the Disease be caused by some evil effects in the mouth of the Stomach; you must labour to free the Stomach from the humours that offend.    

For the Cure of the Vertigo, I shall say nothing, but refer you to those Medicines propounded for the Cure of the Falling-sickness; and to the 2. Chapter, viz. Of the cure of Cephalaea, proceeding from cold, crude and phlegmatic humours; it being my present task, only to epitomise, not to write largely of the cure of Diseases.    

CHAP. VII. Of the Palsy.  
PAralysis, or the Palsy, is a disease, wherein the whole Body, or part thereof (as Atm, Hand, Leg, or Tongue,) doth lose sense or motion, or both: Sometimes it followeth the Apoplexy. Here note, that the Faculty of sense and motion, floweth from the Brain, as from its proper fountain, and is conveyed to all parts of the Body, by the Sinews the proper Organs of sense and motion. Hence it cometh to pass, that if that faculty of the Brain be obstructed, that it cannot descend to all parts, that all, or some of the 〈◊〉 of the Body, lose either motion, or sense, or b●…, according to the part obstructed.  

The Causes.  
The Palsy is caused by abundance of gross and clammy humours, which stop the sinews, and hinder the animal faculty, that it cannot come from the Brain or fountain to the members. It may be caused by vehement cold, or by some inflammation or swelling near the Backbone: or the sinews may be crushed by some binding, or hurt by some wound, or Ulcer, or the like.   

The Signs, and Cure.  
There need no more Signs to know this disease by, than what hath been declared in the explanation of it. This disease for the most part happeneth to old folk, and surpriseth them in the Winter time; therefore Phlebotomy for the most part is unnecessary, and dangerous. If plenitude of humours or blood appear, open a vein, on the sound side, draw blood sparingly, lest you cool the Body too much. Let what part soever of the Body be affected, yet you must not forget the Brain, but you must purge, corroborate, and strengthen it. If you find the original of the distemper in the Brain, you must apply Medicines, which have power to extenuate, dissolve, and discuss; such as are described in the second Chapter, for the cure of cold and phlegmatic distempers of the Head. To the purging Medicines you may add these, Pillulae Fatidae, de opopanace, Arabicae, and Trochisci Alhandall, taken in a convenient quantity (as you shall be instructed in the next Book) and suitable to the season of the year, and a●…●f your Patient. Let him abstain from drinking ●f strong beer, and Wine; and let most of his drink be the decoction of Guiacum, and the bark of the same; and if you add Cephalick herbs to these, it will be the better. This Decoction is commendable, viz. Take of Guiacum ground, two ounces; of the bark of the same, half an ounce: the root of China, and Salsaparilla, of each two drachms: Sassafras, three drachms: Lignum Aloes, and Galanga, of each two scruples: the root of Angelica, Peony, and Fennel, of each two drachms: the seeds of Peony, and sweet Fennel, of each one drachm: Betony, ground Pine, Sage, of each one handful: the flowers of Lavender, Rosemary, Stechas, and Cowslips, of each one pugil: Cinamons, and Polipodium of the Oak, of each half an ounce: Infuse them in six quarts of water twenty four hours: then boil it gently to the consumption of two quarts, strain it, and add to the decoction of brown Sugar, candy, and syrup of Stechas, of each four ounces. Let the diseased take half a pint in a morning, three or four mornings, as a preparative to purging, you must purge once in a week, with one of the aforenamed Medicines; having respect to the age and strength of your Patient, & season of the year. Or you may prepare the aforesaid water by distillation, thus: Take of the simples aforenamed, and infuse them 24 hours in four quarts of water, and two of White-wine: then distil them in Balneo Mariae, (as you shall be taught in the fourth part of this Treatise) to a pound of this distilled water, add one ounce of the syrup of Staethas, and a drachm of Theriaca diatessaron, divide it into three parts for three mornings.  
It is convenient to set Cupping glasses to the part affected, without scarifying of it, but easily drawing the humours and spirits to the place: afterwards you must rub and chafe the parts: it is convenient to bathe the paralytic part, and cause it to sweat with the decoction of Bur root, and Elder leaves: hothouses often profit much; but much better it is, if they can come to natural baths, which proceed, either from Nitrous, hituminous, or sulphureous Mines, as the Bath of Bath. You may safely  two or three times in a week; and afterwards anoint the Member with some convenient Lineament, viz. Take of the Oils of Foxes, Castor, Earthworms, and Rue, of each one ounce: Unguentum Nervinum, and Martiatum, of each half an ounce: the distilled oil of Rosemary, one drachm; Oil of Spike, six drops: mix all these, and make a soft ointment; with which anoint the Backbone, and the other parts that are diseased; afterwards wrap them up warm with the skin of a Fox, or Hare. If the Palsy be caused by an inflammation, or hard swelling in any part; the cure of the inflammation, or swelling, cures the Palsy also. If bruising of the sinews by pinching or binding be the cause, remove the bruised blood, and the cure will ensue. If the spondyls of the Back be out or broke, and that cause the Palsy or Resolution; the cure of the cause, taketh away the effect. If the Palsy ensue a wound or Ulcer, in the Head, Back, or any particular Sinew; if the Sinew be curable, the Palsy ceaseth.    

CHAP. VIII. Of the Covulsion.  
SPasmus, Cramp, or Convulsion, is a disease, when the Sinews are drawn or plucked up against a man's will. Of this there are two sorts, viz. a true Convulsion, when there is a constant retraction of the Muscles, and the Limb remains unmoveable: or a convulsive motion, when the retraction is every time new, and the Members moved divers ways. They differ likewise in their Causes, for a true Convulsion proceedeth, either from repletion, or inanition; a convulsive-motion, from irritation, or provocation. Again, they are thus divided, a true Convulsion is either total, by which most part of the Body is contracted, or partial, by which one particular member suffereth contraction. The Universal Convulsion is caused from the Brain, when the Face is plucked together as well as the whole Body, or from the marrow of the Back, when the Muscles that move the Head and Back, are drawn together. A particular Convulsion is made from the contraction of the Muscle of some part, coming from the hurt of that Nerve which is ordained for his motion. The immediate Causes (as I said before) is repletion, or inanition; the Nerves being too full of moisture, or too dry, are extended or contracted, and the Muscles into which they are united, are, by that means drawn back to their original.  
The mediate Causes of a Convulsion, proceeding from repletion, are phlegm, and waterish humours slowing to the Nerves, stretching them in breadth, must consequently make them shorter, and sometimes cause an inflammation.  
But here in the way lieth an Objection, namely, why a watery humour obstructing the Nerves, and the cause of the Palsy and Convulsion, should sometimes bring one, and sometimes the other: the humour offending, and the parts affected, being one and the same. The divers opinions, and long disputations of writers, I shall not here repeat; the difficulty of the matter having distracted them into divers opinions. I shall answer the objection briefly, and adhere to the most able, modern Physicians, and say they differ thus: A Palsy is caused of a pure watery humour without mixture, which softeneth the Nerves, extends them not: The Convulsion is caused of the same humour, but mixed with much wind, by which the Nerves are stretched, and the Muscles contracted to their original. It is the opinion of all Physicians, that wind is the cause of Convulsions; and experience teacheth us, that the greatest distentions are caused by wind, as we see in the Dropsy, Tympanites, and the Colic. Sometimes an inflammation, in or near the original of the Nerves, may cause a contraction of those Nervous parts; and the cause of this inflammation is sometimes internal as a flux of blood upon the part; or external, by a wound, contusion, or bruise.  
The Causes of a Convulsion by emptiness, are all immoderate evacuations whatsoever, diseases, diet, and Medicines which are hot and dry.  
A convulsive motion is caused by humours, or vapours which are full of Acrimony, or Malignancy: and it sometimes so happeneth in malignant Fevers; and Diseases of choler occupying the Head, or Stomach.  
From what hath been said, it is easy to know a Convulsion proceeding from fullness or emptiness, or convulsive motion. A Convulsion near the Brain is dangerous; in the Muscles of the breast, gives fear of suffocation: If it come after bleeding or purging, it is deadly: So is a Convulsion, following a Frenzy. A Convulsion coming upon a Fever, shows malignant matter which ends in death: but if a Fever follow a Convulsion, it taketh away its cause,  
The cure of this disease is as various as the cause: The Convulsion caused by emptiness requires moistening medicines, both internal and external: This disease seldom happening, and almost (if not altogether incurable) I shall say nothing of it.  
A Convulsion coming of repletion or fullness must be cured by evacuation of the pecant humours; if you see occasion, make use of Phlebotomy, and purge the humours with medicines agreeable to the age and strength of your Patient: and sometimes with sharp Clysters, such as are described in the fifth Chapter. If you see it not convenient to let blood, apply Cupping-glasses, always above the parts grieved, that so the humours may be brought back to their original; that is to say, if the Convulsion or Cramp be in the Legs, apply them to the Buttocks and Loins; observe the same rule, where ever it be. The part affected aught to be chafed with oils and ointments suitable to such a distemper, viz. the oils of Rue, Camomile, Dill, Spike, the oil of Foxes, &c: the ointments of Marsh-Mallows, Martiatum, Nervinum, to which may be added the Mucilage of Briony, with which you may make convenient Liniments to anoint the parts affected, and the root of the Nerve which comes to it. Duck's o● Goose-grease, prepared in manner following, is much commended, viz. Take a fat Duck or Goose, pluck it and draw it, then fill it with these things following, viz. of Sage, Marjerome, and Staechas, of each one handful; Gum Ammoniacum and Bdellium of each one ounce; Calamus Aromaticus, Nutmegs, Mace, and Cloves, of each half an ounce: beat them in a Mortar, moistening them with oil of Earthworms: after, sew them into the belly of a Goose or Duck, spit it and roast it, receiving the dripping in a pan, half full of Vinegar, and anoint therewith. Or you may make it stronger, thus: Take of the aforesaid dripping six ounces; The Chemical oils of wax, Nutmegs, and Sage, of each two drachms, mix it and make a Lineament: when you have anointed the part affected, cover it with a hot sheep's skin, a Hares or Fox's skin. To put the part affected into an Ox or Sheep's belly, or any other newly killed; or to apply the Lungs of a Sheep; young Pigeons, Whelps or Chickens slit in the middle, is much commended, and hath been successfully proved. For those that are thus affected, it is very good to bathe themselves in the Bath of Bath, or such like, proceeding from a sulphureous Mine: If you cannot conveniently come to this Bath, you must make a Bath with thesethings following. Of Marsh-mallow roots and Lillys of each two pound: Of the leaves of Penniroyall, Laurel, Rue, Marjerome, St. John's wort, Violets, Mallows, Sage and Wormwood, of each two handfuls: Linseeds, and Fenugreek, of each one pound, boil all these in water sufficient to make a bath, and let the party diseased sit therein, not too long, but let him come out as soon as he finds ease. If you dare venture to be at the cost, make your bath, with oil, boiling a Fox therein, together with the aforesaid herbs, you may purge the head with sternutations, Gargarisms, and such medicines as you may find in the second Chapter, for the cure of a cold Phlegmatic distemper of the brain: and it is good to foment the hinder part of the head and neck, with hot Aqua Vitae. The infusion of Castor, or the Spirit of the same, the dose is a drachma, or half a drachma, according to the age or strength of the Patient: Mathiolus his Bezoar water, the like dose: the compound water of Peony: give these mixed with other cooler medicines. The syrup of Peony compound: Diamoschu dulce: Diacorum, diatessaron, are much commended for the cure of this disease.  
I might add variety of medicines for the cure of this distemper, but what I have said, (I hope) is sufficient to give light to the ingenious searching Spirits.   

CHAP. IX. Of a Catarrh or Desluxion.  
A Catarrh is a Desluxion of excrementitious humours from the head into the inferior parts. The brain requiring much nourishment, must necessarily void much excrements, which if they are in quantity moderate, and natural, they are received into the fore-Ventricles, and conveyed to the moist gladules, and spit out from the ; If it grow more plentiful, yet natural, it is dispersed through the films of the brain, and sent forth by the Nostril as well as the Palat. But when the brain is weak, and affected with distempers, and receiveth more nourishment than it can concoct, it aboundeth with excrements, which by their quality and quantity overcome the retentive, and provoke the expulsive faculties, and so evacuate themselves by unusual and improper ways, to the disturbance of the whole body.  
The cause of this distemper proceeds from want of a good concoction in the brain, and this proceeds either from a hot or cold distemper.  
A hot distemper doth attract more nourishment than nature can sufficiently digest. A cold distemper turneth the nourishment, brought to the brain, to phlegm or water. Cold, gross, and slimy meats hinders a good concoction, and windy meats send up many vapours to the head.  
Add to these many external causes, as Southerly winds, long sleep upon a full stomach, especially an idle life, etc. And though this be accounted a disease of the head, yet the principal cause lieth in the inferior parts, in which evil humours are collected, as the Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, Womb, etc. from whom, not only vapours, but even the humours themselves are sent to the head, and descend to the inferior parts again; a hot distemper of the Bowels, like an Alembeck send continual vapours to the head; a cold distemper engenders crude humours, which are also many times drawn up thither. costiveness or obstructions in the lower belly, which hinder the avoiding of excrements, they not finding their ordinary passage fly up to the brain, which, by reason of its weakness, and lose and soft substance, is forced to yield to the stronger parts disburthening themselves upon it. The Impulsive causes are too much heat or cold in the brain: too much heat doth extenuate and diffuse the humours, and this happeneth to the head, heated by the Sun, fire, covering, etc. Coldness doth compress the head, and strains forth the humours therein contained, as a sponge is squeezed in the hand. A Catarrh is caused by a Communication of cold humours, to the brain, from the feet, conveyed by the chiefest Nerves, which run through the Marrow of the back: The stoppage or closure of the external pores, when the body requireth sweat is the cause of a Catarrh; hence it cometh to pass that Catarrhs are most frequent in Autumn, viz. the body being made thin in the Summer, and the pores open, evacuating excrements by sweat and insensible transspiration: in Autmune the pores being suddenly stopped, by reason of the contraction of sudden cold, which causeth many vapours to fly to the head. Many more causes might be instanced, but I fear I shall grow too voluminous, and what I have said is sufficient to stir up ingenious wits to further discoveries. I shall add a few words, of the nature of the parts receiving this Defluxion, which by reason of their weakness are forced to receive the burden laid upon them, by the stronger parts, like the inferior Commons, who are forced to bear the heavy impositions of their insulting Superiors. The Lungs is naturally weak by reason of its softness and looseness, which maketh the part sit to receive Defluxions; want of natural heat, caused by a cold distemper, maketh the part unable to resist Defluxions: A wound or Ulcer in the part, causeth the humours to flow thither, if you take notice of Issues, and Cauteries, you will scarcely doubt of the truth of it: So doth any inflammation or unnatural heat in the Lungs; Consider of this and you may be able to give a reason of consumptions of the Lungs, Pluresies, and spitting of bloody matter. The humours, which cause a Catarrh, flow from the brain internally or externally: internally, if the humours fall upon the breast, it is called a Catarrh or Defluxion: If upon Aspera Arteria, it is called Raucedo or hoarseness: If it flows into the Nostrils, it causeth Coryza, Ozena, or Polypus: If it falls upon the Nerves, it produceth numbness, Palsy, Convulsion, trembling; if in the Ears, deafness; if in the eyes, Inflammation, Tears, blindness; if upon the Uuula or  it causeth a swelling, loofnesse or Ulcer there: if it fall into the throat, the Quinsy follows; if on the Lungs, Inflammation, Pleurisy, shortness of breath, Cough, Consumption. If it falls into the Stomach, vomiting and want of appetite ensues, if into the bowels, Dyarrhea, or Dysentery: and sometimes it floweth into the Veins with the blood and causeth a Fever called Febris Catarrhalis, and is the forerunner of the joint gout, and Erysipelas. Sometimes the humours flow from the head externally, without the skull under the skin; these humours fall into the Eyes, Teeth, Neck, and other external parts: therefore it is rightly conceived, by many learned men, that the greatest part of the diseases, incident to the body of man, have their original from the head: Such whose bodies are spare and slender, easily penetrated by heat or cold; or such as are grossly compact, and have not free transpiration: Such who have weak and cold brains, that cannot discuss, nor concoct the humours or vapours therein contained; or those whose brains are so hot as to attract too many vapours; Such, whose Stomaches and Livers are contrary in quality, viz. one hot, the other cold, are men subject to Catarrhs or defluxions.  
The sign of this disease may easily be gathered from the Causes, the approach of this disease may be discovered by the following Symptoms, viz. by heaviness of the head, dullness of the senses, long sleep, a snotty nose, much spitting, costiveness of the body, and much wind; when the disease is perfect, the flowing humours are plainly felt, with swell and pains in divers parts: If the defluxion be of cold humours, then will the body be sensible of cold, the face pale, the habit of the body generally phlegmatic, troubled with sour belchings, sweet, slimy and waterish spittle. If it be a hot distillation, the habit of the whole body is Choleric; the parts affected inflamed and painful, the face red, much thirst, a salt and sharp humour in the mouth. I need not tell you how an external defluxion may be known from an internal, but take notice, that if there appear plenty of humours, the Catarrh is more dangerous, for by a sudden defluxion, desperate accidents may follow.  
If age, strength, and the season permit, or if the body abound with blood, or the Liver be too hot, (as it often happens in this distemper) breathe a vein at the beginning of the cure, the contrary prohibiting Phlebotomy. You must first prepare the matter, then gently purge the head, afterwards more strongly purge the peccant humours: out of the former Chapters you may find, what purges are convenient, with respect to the humour offending, Coloquintida hath an excellent faculty to purge the head, but by reason of its violent operation, is not fit for common use; therefore use it not without good advice▪ In this disease also it is good to use Masticatories, and Gargarisms, when the humours fall into the eyes or nose, etc. Errhines, and sneesing powders when it falls upon the Breast, Lungs, etc. Issues behind the neck or ears are found, by experience, a gallant remedy for a Catarrh. I shall not here trouble myself or the reader, to insert examples of the aforegoing medicines; the Chapters beforegoing, together with every Artists ingenuity will sufficiently insorme. Take this for a general rule, that when a Catarrh or Deflaxion is caused by excrementitious humours, flowing from any of the inferior parts, by reason of the natural passage, being stopped, you must open the obstruction, by often purging, or by medicines regarding the nature of the obstruction, and by that means turn the humours offending into their natural channel; after convenient Evacuations, with internal and external medicines. labour to corroborate the head, and dry up the humours, Internal medicines may be prepared thus, or after this manner. Take of Coriander seed prepared, and Coltsfoot dried, Nutmegs, and Frankincense of each half an ounce; Liquoris, Mastic and Cubebs, of each two drachms, flos Sulphuris, three drachms: Conserve of red Roses one ounce, with a pound of white Sugar dissolved in Popy-water make rolls, weighing three drachms or half an ounce: Take one morning and Evening. Or you may make Troches in this manner, Take of the best Frankincense, and juice of Liquoris, of each one drachm: Lac Sulphuris, half a drachm: Opium, Saffron, and Myrrh of each one scruple; the oils of Aniseed and Nutmegs, of each three drops, with Diacedium, as much as sufficeth, to make Troches; or if you please you may make them into pills: and take half a drachm morning and evening. It is good to apply bags of herbs to the fore part of the head, which have a drying quality, shave the fore part of the head, and apply the gum Sacamahaca, spread upon a cloth in the form of a plaster, and add thereto a little Myrrh; or if you make a fume thereof, and shut the Chamber close, it profiteth. If the defluxion proceed from a hot cause, you must administer medicines, which have power to thicken the humours, to repel, and evacuate it: you must likewise correct the distempers, and fortify the parts both sending and receiving, and that you may so do, you must revel or pull b●ck the humours by Phlebotomy, if nothing hinder it. You must thicken the humours, by administering Juleps, made of the Waters of Plantain, Purslane, Lettuce; the Syrups of Poppies, Violets, Water-lilies, of dried Roses, and Meconium, and such like. Having thus thickened and prepared the humours, you must evacuate them by gentle Purgatives; Take of the Bestrhabarb a drachm, infuse lit in any of the afore-named waters (as much as is sufficient for a potion) six hours in warm Embers, strain it out, and add to the liquor one ounce of Manna, and as much Syrup of dried Roses, and administer it: To make the potion stronger, you may dissolve therein Catholicon, Diapranam Solative, or Lenitive, Confectio Hamech, etc. or such like, having respect to the age and strength of your Patient, and humour offending. You must endeavour to restrain the Flux thus; take of Conserve of Roses one ounce, Diatraganthum Frigidum, and Palyis Haly, of each a drachm, Bolearmenick prepared with Rose-water a drachm; with the Emulsion of the four great cold Seeds, and Syrup of dried Roses, make an Opiate, and give the quantity of a Nutmeg to bedward. These Troches are much commended, take Gum-Dragant, and Arabic, of each two drams: Bolearmenick, and Terra Sigillata washed in Rosewater, of each one drachm; White Poppy seeds, and Juice of Liquorish, of each half a drachm; Sugar-penid one ounce, with the Musilage of Quince-seeds, extracted with Rosewater, make Troches to be held in in the mouth day and night.  
The Spirit of Sulphur, and Vitriol given three or four drops in a convenient Julep, morning and evening, worketh no small effects against a defluxion, especially if it proceed from an inflammation of the bowels. If you find the Disease too stubborn to yield to these medicines, you must make use of Narcoticks, of which Laudanum is none of the worst, four or five grains given at bedtime. Faventius extolleth these Pills in a Salt Catarrh, or defluxion of salt humours. Take of the juice of Liquoris two drachms, washed Aloes one drachm, Pillulae de Cynoglosso half a drachm, with Syrup of Violets, make a Mass, and take a scruple thereof at bedtime. It is convenient to make powders to apply to the head, which have power to strengthen, to stop the defluxion, and consume the humours. Take of white Amber, Benjamin, Mastich, Nutmegs, of each half an ounce: Betony, Sage, Rosemary, Lavender, Marjarome, of each half a handful: Frankincense, graits of Kermes, Red-roses, Peony seeds and Poppy heads, of each two drachms: Sanders, Myrtles, Cyprus nuts, and Pomegranate flowers, of each one drachm; make a powder for the lining of a Cap or Quilt: or if you had rather, you may make a plaster with the same Simples, with Wax and Oil of Rofes, according to art: and apply it to the head, being first shaved.   

CHAP. X. Of Diseases of the Eyes, and first of the Diseases proceeding from Obstruction in the Optic Nerves.  
IN the former book having given you a brief account of this worthy member, and what varicty of wonderful operations, God and Nature hath placed in so little a subject; yet of the parts and faculties thereof, it is too hard a task for the most exquisite Philosopher to conceive aright; or for the most eloquent Orator, to express such wonderful notions: But, seeing God hath endued every man with this member, by whose curious inspection, he is enabled to pry into all things; it is the duty of every Naturalist to exercise this member in finding out its own constitution, and curing the distemper and maladies, to which it is subject. For the benefit of those, who want better helps, I shall, as briefly as may be, discover the diseases and cures of the eye, as they are, in which work I adhere to the opinions of the wise and learned Physicians, verified by Reason, and my own Experience.  
Sometimes it happeneth, that the sight of the eye is totally extinguished, and no fault appears in the eye: And this cometh to pass, either by obstruction or adstriction of the Optic Nerves; and is called by the Latins, Gutta Serena, and Amauresis. Obstruction (for the most part) is the cause of this Disease, which happeneth by the flowing down of a watery humour upon the Nerves, which causeth blindness, or dimness of sight: the like obstruction happening to the other Nervs, causeth the Palsy. Adstriction or compression sometimes happeneth by some moist humour gathered about the Optic Nerves, as blood or filthy matter, gathered In the brain, sometimes bp humours, sometimes by inflammation, in malignant Fevers, and may be the cause of this Disease. For the Nerves being thus obstructed or compressed, the animal Spirits cannos pass from the brain to the eyes. To this I may add, that in case by a wound in the head, the Optic Nerves be cut, without controversy it causeth blindness. The sign of this Disease, is the loss of sight, and the eye appearing in its natural condition, only the Pupilla, or sight of the eye, looketh wider, blacker, and dimmer: the difference of causes is thus known: If the cause be blood or choler, some inflammation, imposthume, or wound in the head hath gone before. If the Nerves are compressed by Phlegm, gathered about the roots of the eyes, all or most of the head is affected, and the other senses are hurt: but if it be obstruction of the Optic Nerves, the eye is only affected, or the forepart of the head about the eyehrows, beareth part of the affliction. If the Disease proceed from an obstruction in the Optic Nerves, and the sight be totally lost, for the most part the Disease is incurable: but if the obstruction be imperfect, that is to say, the sight much diminished, and the Patient not totally blind, then there is hope of recovery. If it happen by humours gathered into the forepart of the head, compressing the Nerves, it is curable.  
For the Cure, the head must be cleansed by medicines, which effectually purge those humours, which compress or obstruct the Nerves; but remember, that as you cannot free the Nerves, without purging the whole head, so you cannot cleanse the head without purging the whole body. It is good that the Patient avoid a thick, cold, cloudy, and moist air, and frequent the contrary. Let him eschew all meats that are gross, or yield a gross juice, such as are windy, hot spices, or whatever fills the head with vapours. It is good to put the seed of Fenel into his bread. Let his meat for his sauce be extenuating, as Betony, Eyebright, Fenel, Hyssop, Marjarom, Sage: Nutmeg also doth much comfort the brain, and clears the sight, as 'tis generally believed: Let the aforesaid herbs likewise be boiled in his broth: Lettuce and such ilke cold herbs are very hurtful; Turnips are highly commended, and 'tis proved they clear the sight, being often eaten: Pigeons, Sparrows, and such like Fowls are said to be a good food for such who are thus diseased. Let him eat no Supper, if he eat any, let it be light, and not too late. Then let him make use of this Diet-drink following. Take of Bettony, Eyebright, Celandine the great, Fenel, Balm, Marjarom, Sage, and Vervain, of each two handfuls: the roots of Elecompane, Fenel, Flowerdeluce, Liquoris, and Sawsaparilla sliced, of each one handful: the Seeds of Coriander, Anice, and Fenel, of each one ounce: the flowers of Rosmary and Lavender, of each a handful: Raisins of the Sun stoned, and blue Figs sliced, of each a pound: Senna two ounces: Let all these be infused six hours, in a sufficient quantity of Wort, upon hot Embers, then tunned up in four gallons of Newbear, let them work together: Let the Patient drink a draught every morning till the Cure be perfected, unless some other medicine intervene. You must purge the body often, as you see cause, either with gentle or stronger purges; let them be Pills, and such as purge the humour oftending; of which you shall have a particular account in the fourth book.  
If your Patient be not old, and you find blood abound, you may open a vein: the opening of the particular veins of the head, especially those that are nearest the eyes, have often proved successful, because the veins, by reason of their fullness of blood, have compressed the Optic Nerves.  
Sometimes the application of Cupping-glasses, Vesicatories, and Cauteries, to the hinder part of the head or neck, to the shoulders or back, have been attended with admirable success. After due evacuation, it is convenient to dry up the humours by a sudorific Diet-drink, made and used, as is described in the second Chapter; adding such herbs, as have a special property to cure the eyes, viz. Celandine, Eybright, Fennel, and Vervain. If you see occasion to dry up the moist humours of the head, make use of such powders, bags, and caps prescribed in the fore-poing Chapters. Also sulphurous and Bituminous Baths profit much.  
The Glossie and Crystalline humours of the Eye are subject to infirmities and disorder: the first is subject to a mixture, with other humours; and this Disease is hard to discover; but must be cured by cleansing the head and optic nerves, and repelling and discussing the humour, which mixeth with the vitrous humour, and maketh it dusky. This humour also may be disordered, in respect of its situation, when it is brought before the Crystalline, and so diminisheth the sight. This Disease is hardly distinguished from a Cataract, only it differeth in the cause; for a Cataract cometh by a defluxion of humour; this from a blow or contusion, and is uncurable: sometimes it happeneth that Nature works a cure, and reduceth it to its place again; but no man as yet can imitate her, therefore we leave the business to her disposing.  
The Crystalline humour is the chief instrument of sight, and if any defect happen to it, that it be not pure nor perspicuous, the visive spirits cannot exercise their office. This humour doth often suffer prejudice through some drying and condensing cause, as it often happens to ancient people, where the aforesaid cause changeth the crystalline humour to redness. The sign of this Disease is a thick White about the sight of the Eye, and every object appeareth to the Patient as through a Cloud: It is called Glaucoma, and differeth from a Cataract in this, viz. a Cataract lieth in the Pupilla, or sight near Cornea, but Glaucoma lieth much deeper, and is uncurable, especially in old people.  
Sometimes the Crystalline humour is displaced, that it lieth not directly against the Pupilla; sometimes it lieth too high, and sometimes too low; and if one eye suffer, all things seem double: sometimes vapours and water divide the visive humours, and causeth the objects to be received into two places. Sometimes the Crystalline humour is removed and brought nearer to the Pupilla, and things that are near, are not so easily seen, as things farther of. But if it be removed backward, things near are plainly seen, but not afar of; the use of Spectacles are profitable in this case. Sometimes the Crystalline humour lieth to the right, or to the left side, so that more White appeareth on one side, then on the other, and this we call Strabismus, or Squinting, this also is uncurable, unless it happeneth that the muscles of the eyes be displaced by convulsion, or palsy, for if it so happeneth, it is uncurable. Sometimes there happeneth an inversion of the Crystalline humour, so that the objects seem soulded or crooked: But these Diseases being uncurable by medicines, I shall prescribe none.   

CHAP. XI. Of a Cataract.  
A Cataract is caused or bred by a distemper of the watery humour of the eye, which distemper is in quantity or quality: if in quantity, it causeth a dilatation of the Pupilla; of which I shall speak in the next Chapter. If the distemper be in quality, it proceeds from a mixture of excrementitious humours with the watery humour: In the beginning of this distemper, the sight being a little darkened, it is called Suffusion; but when it is gathered about the Pupilla (like water) they call it Aqua-water; but when it is gathered thick about the Pupilla, it is called a Cataract. If Choler be the humour mixed with the watery humour, the Cataract appeareth somewhat citrine or yellow: if melancholy, then is the Cataract more dull and blackish: If it be white as chalk, it signifieth a thick and compacted matter: if it be of the colour of Pearl, than slime and transparent phlegm is the humour offending.  
There are two sorts of Cataracts, a true, and a Bastard-cataract: A true Cataract doth for the most part effect one eye only; and if both be affected, they are not alike, nor affected at the same time, as in the spurious Cataract. In a true Cataract, or Suftnsion, a derk matter appeareth in the Pupilla, which doth not in the other. But here let the Reader beware, lest he fall into error; for this doth not always hold, as a sure distinguishing rule: for if the humour be as thin as the marry humour, nothing appeareth; and many upon this ground have thought it to be Gutta Serena: but there is a great difference between Gutta Serena, and this: for in Gutta Serena the sight is quite left, or at least much diminished, and no fault appear in the Pupilla: But it is not so in this Suffusion, which cannot be seen; for the sight is but a little diminished, because the humour being thin and transparent, the objects pierce it like glass.  
Though I need say nothing of the signs of this Disease, it being easy to gather the signs from the causes, yet I shall and a few words. In the beginning of a Suffusion, certain small Bodges, as hairs, flies, cobwebs, gnats, wool, and such like, sly before the eyes, as it grows on the symptoms, are more evident, and the objects appear as through a glass, when it is perfect: the Pupilla is changed in colour, and the sight is totally lost: what the colours denote, I have already laid down. If the matter of the Cataract appear dark, it lieth between Chorion (or Uyea) and Cornea, and the Pupilla is dilated, and white or red veins appear about the circle of the eye: if the contrary appear, judge that the matter lieth between the Crystalline, and Uvea. If the matter lie deep, the Pupilla is contracted, if higher enlarged. When the Cataract if newly begun, and the Patient can see, as thoug a clad; if he be young, and the season suitable, it may be cured: On the contrary, if it be confirmed, and the matter gross, it yields not to medicines, but must be couched with a needle.  
And seeing I speak of couching give me leave to tell you, that 'tis a dangerous operation, and often attended with bad success; but if you find it needful, and likely to be prevalent, make use of a near-handed Chirurgeon; and that you may know, whether it be likely or not to be cured, consider a few rules. Sign. of care, by couching, are these: If when the sound eye be shut, the Pupilla of the eye affected appear larger, and perceive some light, there is hopes of cure: if the contrary appear, judge accordingly. A black, green, yellow, and hard Cataract, never yieldeth to medicine, seldom to the Needle: Attempt not the operation on old men, nor children: You must also consider, before you attempt this operation, whether the Suffusion be ripe and sit for couching; or whether it be not grown too hard. The first you must try thus; press down the eye affected with your finger, and if you altar the shape of the, Suffusion, and when your finger is off it, returneth to its former station, then is it thin, and not ripe: but it the contrary appear, it may be couched with a Needle: But here note, that it must be moderate, and not too compact, but like a skin that will roll upon the Needle; if it be thick and solid like chalk, or hail, it cannot be couched.  
For the cure, you must observe the same rules prescribed in the former Chapter, you must use and abstain from the same kind of diet; you must use general and particular Evacuations; you must revel the humours offending, and strengthen the head and eyes. Then you must come to Topical medicines, and though I am (almost) of Galens opinion, who saith they are little worth, for they promise more than they can perform, yet Experience hath taught, and Authors have confirmed, that Cataracts, which have not been of long continuance, but taken in the beginning, have been cured by Topics, after the use of the medicines before mentioned; therefore I shall insert a few of them, and leave the Ingenious to find out more.  
First, you must make a Fomentation of such things, as have power to mollify and dissolve: Take of Celendine, Fenel, Eye-bright, of each one handful; of Rue, Vervain, Clary, of each half a handful; Melilot, Chamomel Flowers, and Red-Rose leaves, of each one pugil: Fenugreek seed one ounce: boil them in a pint and a half of Spring water, to the consumption of the half pint, then put in a half pint of White-Wine, and let it boil a little. Strain it out, and with clothes wet it in the liquor, foment the eyes every morning, so long as you see occasion. If you wash the eyes with Red-Wine, sometimes it hinders the defluxion, discusseth and dissolveth. It is good to let a child lick the eye, after it hath eaten sweet Fenel seeds. Infuse Crocus Metallorum in White-Wine, and wash the eye with the Wine; or after a sufficient infusion, pour off the Wine clear, and with sweet Fenel and Fenugreek seed, of each one ounce; of Aloes half an ounce, Saffron a drachm; beat them, and searse them into fine powder, the blood of a young Pigeon hot, the weight of them all, with the aforesaid Wine, what is sufficient to make a soft Pultis, and apply it warm to the eye at night; take it off in the morning. Or slit a young Pigeon, and lay it to the eye. Then you must come to make use of Topical Medicines called Collyries, which many times (by Galens favour) hath good success, if the Cataract be not too much confirmed Take the leaves of Rue, Fenel, Vervain, Celendine, and Eyebright, of each one handful; Centaury the less, Burnet, Avens, Sage, of each a half handful; Fenel roots, and the roots of round Birthwort, of each a half pound; Red rose leaves, and White-violet leaves, of each one ounce; Radish seed, and Fenugreek seed, of each one drachm; Ammoniacum, and the Natural Balsam, of each a drachm; Tutty two drachms: powder those that are to be powdered the heaths and roots shred and sliced; put to them White-Wine, honey, and the urine of a Boy, as much as may wet them all, viz. Of White Wine three parts; of the Urine two, and honey one; then distil them in Balneo Marîae: drop the water into the eyes, morning and evening: regarding the course and medicines before prescribed. Josephus Quercetanus, in his Pharmacopaea, doth much commend this following Water, viz. Take of the water of the greater Celandine six ounces. Crocus Metallorum one drachm; infuse it in the same water, and drop two or three drops into the eye, three or four times a day as long as need requireth.  
I could insert many more Receipts of Learned and able men, but I fear my Book will swell too big: I shall only insert the Ointment of Zacutus Lasitanas, which he commends, for drying and purging the moiffure flowing into the eyes: Take of the Oil of Roses three ounces, white Rose-water nine ounces: Camphire one drachm, Tutty one scruple, Honey two ounces, the Gall of a Goat half an ounce, Lupin meat half a drachm, Aloes Succotrine one dram, Sugar-candy half a drachm, the juice of Horehound, Fennel, and Rue, of each half an ounce, Myrrh one scruple, Ammoniacum half a drachm, Saicocol one dram and a half.  
Powder them that are to be powdered, mix them, and boil them a little with a gentle fire; and with the grease of a Goat or Sheep, and a little Wax, make an Ointment accorbing to Art; anoint the Eyebrows twice in a day, three hours after meat, which will purge plenty of water out of the head, through the corner of the eye.  
When you have finished your Cure, whether by M●…es, 〈◊〉 by the Needle, you must keep your Patiented 〈…〉 of Physic, for fear of a Relapse, and administer such things as threaten the head and eyes, and hinder defluxion: It is good to wash the head and eyes, every morning, with white wine, wherein hath he en infused sweet Fennel seed in powder, till they smart; but for other medicines, to strengthen the head and eyes, I refer you to the preceding Chapter.   

CHAP. XII. Of the enlarging, and dilating: of the straitening or contracting of the Pupilla.  
THis Disease is called in Greek Mydriasis, because too much light going in, hurteth the sight: hence it is, that those that are thus distempered, see better in a darkish place than in the light. And this may be demonstrated by the natural change of the Pupilla (in sound eyes) in bright and obscure places. For when a man is in a bright and clear place, the Pupilla is contracted and made less, lest the light, going in too fast, should dissipate the spirits: so that a man going suddenly out of a very light place, into a house or place more obscure, at the first entry he seethe (almost) nothing at all, the Pupilla being so lately contracted: he remaining in the same place, the Pupilla is soon dilated or enlarged to receive more light, and then he seethe perfectly those things, which before he could not. Then if he go out suddenly into a very light place his eyes are dazzled, and he seethe not perfectly, because the Pupilla is enlarged, and the Light going in so fast, doth dissipate and dispierse the Visive Spirits. Hence you perceive, that the Light ought to pass into the Eye in a moderate quantity, and the Pupilla ought to be of a moderate size. Hence Galen observes, that they who are born with narrow Pupillas, see best.  
The Pupilla is enlarged, or contracted by dryness, or repletion. It is enlarged by dryness, which stretcheth the Uvea, which maketh the form of the Pupilla larger; as Leather being pierced, when it is dry, the hole is larger, and this proceeds from Fevers, and such drying Diseases, which are attended with want of sleep. So may the Pupilla be straitened by dryness, when the Tunicle Uvea, by reason of the diminishing of the humours of the Eye, loseth its former extension, falls together, and is wrinkled, and so the hole of the Pupilla is made straighter: whereas in the former the Tunicle though dry, holdeth its extension. It is made larger also by repletion, namely by vapours or wind sent unto the Eye, or by the extraordinary flowing of the watery and other humours to the eye, or by the swelling of Uvea itself, it is distended, and the Pupilla made larger: So the same watery humour may work a contrary effect, namely by relaxing the same Tunicle, and by that means making the hole straighter: The Pupilla is enlarged sometimes by Convulsion, as may be seen by some Epileptic Children: Sometimes a stroke or fall, may cause a deflaxion into the eyes, hence comes extension; retension of the Spirits causeth wind and humours, and that causeth distension of the Pupilla, and sometimes the Pupilla is made straighter, by reason of the want of the visive spirits to extend the Tunicles, for want of which they are relaxed, and fall together, as may be seen in old men.  
These Diseases, though they are contrary, yet are to be cured by the same medicines; remember this, that if these Diseases be of long continuance, and in ancient people, they are (without doubt) incurable. But if the Patient be young, and the Disease of no long continuance, you must proceed, with this consideration, that the cure must be varied according to the variety of causes: If it proceed from dryness, you must refresh the body with medicines which are moist and restaurative; and such you shall find in the cure of the Hective Fever. If it comes from a humour filling the Eye, you must purge and cleanse the head and whole body of that humour, as you are taught in the cure of a Cataract. If from Wind, after due Evacuations, you must labour to discuss the Wind, with the decoction of Fennel, Rue, Dill, Cammomel, Red-Roses made in Red Rose Water, and White-Wine, and the Eyes fomented therewith. If there be occasion for Astriagent Medicines, to bring the Pupilla (being enlarged) to its former state, make use of this following, taught by Ryverius. Take of Red-Roses dried two Scruples; Saffron, Spicknard, and the Bark of Frankincense tree, of each half a scruple: Tutty prepared, Burnt-Ivory, and Acatia, of each one scruple: make them into fine powder, and tie it up in a fine linen rag, and hang it in three ounces of Red Rose water; woens you have occasion to use it, squeeze the cloaih, and drop the water into the eyes, and wash them therewith. If a blow in the eye causeth an inflammation, cure it as the inflammation of the eye: but if by the blow, the Pupilla be enlarged without inflammation, drop in a drop or two of Pigeon's blood: and apply a Cataplasm, made with Bean-flower, and Red-Roses, juice of Plantain, and Red-rose water.   

CHAP. XIII. Of the Pin and Web.  
THE Tunicle, called Cornea, sometimes loseth its colour and brightness; sometimes it grows thick by dryness, as in old men, and is incurable. Sometimes gross humours are fastened to it, by reason of inflammation. Sometimes by resolving Medicines, the thinner humours are dissolved, and the thicker remain: or by the use of cold medicines, the humours are thickened, and a white humour is contracted, which is called by some Leucona; by others Albugo, commonly a Pin and Web. Sometimes it comes from a Sear, after an Ulcer, and so the Cornea loseth its transparentress. Sometimes the Eye is bloud-shod, and that spoileth the natural colour of the Cornea, and this is called Sugillatio: Sometimes the Cornea is made yellow by the Jaundice. All these Diseases are easily discovered, and their causes are laid down in the Description: That which cometh after a Wound or Ulcer, and is a Scar, is not easily cured. But the cure of the Pin and Web consists in Emollients, attenuating and discussing medicines. But the Antecedent cause must first be removed by universal evacuations, such as are described in the 10. and 11. Chapters. Then you must soften the hard matter, with the decoction of Fenugreek, Mallows, Melilot, Celendine, Fenel, and the like. Then let a Child chew sweet Fenelseed, and afterwards liek the eye, or make a Water thus: Take of Honey a pint, the juice of Fenel-Brooklime, and Celendine, of each half a pint. Sugar-candy dissolved in the juices an ounce, with the natural Balsam a scruple; clarify them together, or distil them in Balneo Mariae, and drop it into the eye. The seed of Oculus Christi put into the eye, is good. If it be a scar, after the use of the former medicines, use the Water of Honey: afterwards, put a quantity of the Gall of an Ox to the Juices before spoken of, and thicken it with Gum-Traganth. If the Eye be blood-shod, and yieldeth not to the foregoing medicine, you must seek its cure in the Chapter of the Cataract. As for the yellowness of the Eyes caused by the Jaundice, take away the cause, and the effect ceaseth.   

CHAP. XIV. Of the Inflammation of the Eyes.  
THis Disease is called Ophthalmia, which is an inflammation of the Tunicle Adnata, and is sometimes extended to the Cornea: By the Latines it is called Lippitudo, bloodshontess: This Disease is divided into three kinds; the first is called Taraxis by the Greeks, and by the Latines Conturbatio, and it cometh from an external cause, viz. the Sun, Smoke, Oil, Dust, or the like. If it comes from an internal cause, namely from distempers of the stomach, it is called Phlogosis, and is a light inflammation, but is the Original of the true Ophthaliny: which always proceeds from an internal cause, accompanied with tumour, redness, and pain, and a thick Exerement, called Lippa; from whence the Latins call it Lippitudo or bloodshotness. The third sort is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in in Latin also Chimosis, this is attended with vehement pain, and the eyelids are so inverted, that they can scarcely cover the eye, the red covereth most part of the Iris, and it proceedeth from repletion and flegmy humours. I might here show you how Hypocrates hath divided these Diseases; namely, a moist and dry Ophthalmy; the moist I have already spoken of, the dry he calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, it wanteth humidity, and proceedeth from Choler, and adust Melaneholy; there are other subdivisions, if there be itching joined with it, he calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; and if it come with hardness of the eyelids 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Galen mentions another, which he calleth Ophthalmia Tabida, which ends with a Consumption, and loss of the eye: this happeneth to them who have moist heads, and weak eyes, sit to receive a defluxion. The immediate causes are defluxion, or congestion, and sometimes both. The defluxion cometh from the head, either by the internal veins, which comes from the brain under the skull, or by the external veins, which come from the Pericranium to the Eyes.  
These signs demonstrate the Disease, and the cause thereof; if redness appear without swelling, it is a Conturbation: If swelling, heat, and tears, be joined to the redness, then is it a perfect Ophthalmy: but if it cover the black of the eye, and invert the eyelids, than it is called Chimosis. If blood abound, and cause the distemper, the eye and face will be red, and the veins swelled. If Choler be the cause, the Patient feeleth a pricking pain, sharp tears, which corrode the cheeks and corners of the eyes. If it proceed from Phlegm, the pain is heavy, many slimy and glutin●…tious tears. If Melancholy cause the grief, the tumour is but small, the colour of a dusky redness, few tears, the humour thick, the constitution of the Patiented melancholy. If the defluxion come from the internal parts of the head, the pain will be felt inwardly, and about the roots of the eyes; if through the exterior vessels the contrary signs appear, the veins of the forehead are distended, and there is much shooting about the Temples.  
For the cure, the external causes must be removed, the antecedent causes evacuated, reveled, and repelled; the conjunct cause derived and discussed, and the parts affected, strengthened.  
Let the Patient observe an orderly and temperate Diet, and eat such things that are of easy disgesture, let him avoid all sharp and salted things, and such as fume up to the head, and such things as breed Choler: Let him abstain from strong drink; let most of his drink be Barley water: Let him avoid all motion, let him lie still as long as he is able, and sleep as long as he can. Let him keep his eyes shut, and what ever you do, endeavour to keep his body soluble.  
Phlebotomy for the most part is convenient, but let it be regulated and moderated according to the constitution, strength, age, and sex of your Patient, and nature of the Disease.  
If the body be Plethoric, and the Disease hath its original from blood, you must take away the greater quantity, for Galen in his book the curate. per sang. mis. reiateth how one was cured of an Ophthalmy by bloed-letting: first three pound, and four hours after one pound: understand this only in the case before mentioned, though I could instance many cases more, cited by eminent Authors and Fathers of Physic, yet let this serve for all to avoid prolixity. If only one eye be affected, bleed your Patient on the contrary side. If you find a stoppage of any accustomed evacuations, viz. the Terms or Hemorroid veins; if the first be stopped, open the Saphaena; if the other, bleed them with Leeches.  
To make revulsion, some do apply Cupping-glasses to the shoulders and back: others open the veins of the head and temples, sometimes the veins or the corners of the eyes, and behind the ears: and some bleed these veins by Leeches, all which are very profitable for derivation. When you have bled, and made sufficient revulsion, you must purge the humour that offendeth, and causeth the blood to be inflamed; but first let the humours be prepared, then purge gently, and often; and if you see occasion, after all this, you may purge more strongly. Prepare the humours thus: Take of Endive, Succory, and Fumitory, of each one handful; Red. Rose leaves one ounce; of the greater Coldseeds half an ounce; Of Lettuce and Poppy-seeds, of each two scruples: boil them in a quart of Spring water, to the consumption of half, shrein it, and with Syrup of Violets two ounces, and Syrup of Fumitory one ounce, make a Julep for three potions: afterwards you must administer such medicines, as have power gently to carry away the peccant humours. Take of Cassia newly drawn, one ounce and a half: Manna dissolved in Rose-water an ounce: Catholicon half an ounce, Powder of Rhubarb two drachms, with Sugar sufficient, make a Bolus for three times. If the body be slagmatick, purge with pills of Agarick, or Lucis Majores; but take this caution along with you, that you administer no strong purgation in this distemper, without the advice of an able Physician. After sufficient Evacuations, you may profirably apply a Cataplasm to the forehead and temples, that hath an astringent power, by which the humours flowing to the eyes may be stopped: Take of Bolearmonick, Mastic, Frankincense, Sanguis Draconis, and Wheat-flower, of each one drachm; the powder of Lentils, and Red-Roses, of each two seruples, with the White of an egg, juice of Nettles, Vinegar of Roses, of each a like quantity, sufficient to make a Cataplasm. An Apple roasted with Frankincense and Mastic in it, moisten it with the White of an Egg beaten to water, and as much of a sound woman's breast-milk, make a Cataplasm, and apply it to the eye; or with crumbs of bread, and woman's milk, with a little Rose water, you may make a convenient Cataplasm.  
Then you must prepare Collyries, Unguents, and Fomentations, which must be used with discretion, and varied as the pain or inflammation increaseth, or decreaseth, or as the humours are discussed or fixed, etc. out of the multiplicity of such medicines, I shall insert a few, and but a few, for brevity's sake.  
Take the Salt of Lead one scruple, Sal-Armoniack six grains, Rose-water and Plantine-water, of each three ounces, the White of an egg beaten to water, one ounce, let them be mixed therein, and the Salts well dissolved, drop a little into the eye morning and evening. Quercetan commends the infusion of Crocus Metallorum, made in Eye-bright, and Fenel-water, and used as before. Paenotus his Ointment is very good in these ocular inflmamations; and the way to prepare it is thus: Take of Tutry prepared an ounce and a half, Camphire one drachm, Verdegreece 12. grains; beat the Tutty and the Camphire together in a mortar, into fine powder, likewise the Verdegreece by itself: then take of fresh butter (or May butter, if you can have it) one ounce, Rosewater one drachm; boil them gently together, then take them from the fire: first put in the Camphire and Tutty, than the Verdegreece by degrees, stir them well together, and strain them through a piece of Sarsenet, put it into a glass, and keep it for your use: anoint the inside of the eyelids, especially about the corners, and you shall find ease, whether it be a moist or dry inflammation. If you make an Ointment of fresh butter, and juice of Tobacco, you may do wonders in this case, but you must only anoint the outside of the eye lids. In the declination of the Disease, you may make a fomentation, which hath a power to discuss and resolve, of the decoction of Camomel, Melliot, Roses, Eyebright, and Marjerom, and with clothes foment the eyes.  
If the Disease hath its original from a phlegmatic humour, your resolvents must be the stronger. Baths, also the drinking of Wine hath been approved, and much commended by Galen and Hypocrates, as a means to extenuate, dissolve, diffuse, and discuss the thick humours gathered in the eyes, and to open obstructions. If you find that the Ophthalmy is caused by defects of the brain, by defluxion, or a hot distemper of the Liver, than labour first to remove the cause, as the several Chapters, thereof entreating, will instruct you.  
Sometimes if the humour cannot be resolved, there is a suppuration and an Ulcer sometimes followeth it, and sometimes matter gathereth under the Cornea; this is called Hypopye, this cometh also sometimes by a contusion; sometimes it covereth the Pupilla, and sometimes compasseth the Circle of the eye, and is like a man's nail: Hence the Greeks call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: This Disease is known by the inflammation going before; the matter is white under the Cornea, and when the eye is moved, it hath a motion. For the cure of this, you must (if any of the inflammation remain) use the aforegoing medicines; afterwards do as you are taught in the cure of a Cataract.  
Sometimes not only in the Cornea, but also in the Adnata, little blisters do arise, like little bubbles, like Pearls or Grumwel seed, it hath its original from a sharp and watery humour: it is called Phlyctaenae: in the Adnata they are red, in the Cornea white within; but if they be on the outside, they are black. They which are in Cornea are more dangerous, than those that are in Adnata: and the more superficial they are the less is the danger. The cure consisteth in the resolving the matter conjoined, and averting of the antecedent cause: labour to prevent a Suppuration, lest an Ulcer follow. For the particular cure of this Disease, you must use those medicines proper for the cure of the Ophthalmy.  
After an Ophthalmy, and blisters in the eyes, ulcers sometimes happen in the aforesaid Tunicles; when the humours there gathered, or the blisters come to suppuration: and sometimes they follow sharp, corroding and watty humours flowing into the eyes. Some of them are superficial or profound, broad or narrow. A hollow narrow and hard Ulcer is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in Latin Fossula, or a little Ditch. An Ulcer that is broad, and not so deep, is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; that which cometh in the Circle of the eye is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Ulcus coronale. They that are deep, solid, hard, and crusty, are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. If the Ulcer be in the Cornea, there will be a small white blemish in the black of the eye: If it be in the Adnata, there will be a small red blemish in the white of the eye, because the Adnata is full of blood. All Ulcers in the eyes are dangerous, and hard to cure, but more in the Cornea, than in the Adnata: If it happen in the? pilla, though it be cured, it much prejudiceth the sight, because it leaveth a scar, which hindereth the perspicuity of the Cornea. For the Cure, you must use such medicines as dry and cleanse moderately such as assuage pain, and revel, and restrain the humours flowing upon the eyes. You can scarcely read thus far, and be ignorant of particular medicines; yet for the benefit of the unskilful, I shall insert one or two: Take an egg boiled hard, peeled and cut in two pieces: take out the yolk, and fill the hollow with Sugar-candy, and Mirth in Powder, tie them last, and hang them up in a Cellar, and a Water will drop from it, which is good to cleanse the eye without pain: the water of honey distilled, hath been found very effectual. But if these medicines are not strong enough, do as followeth: Take of Plantain, Vervane, and White rose water, of each one ounce, honey two ounces, the Whites of ten new laid eggs, boiled hard; of Mirth, Tutty, and the white Troches of Rasis, of each a drachm, Sarcocol, Frankincense, Aloes, and Ceruse, of each half a drachm: powder them that are to be powdered, and mix them all in a stone mortar; then put them into a small glass body with a head and receiver, and distil it in Balneo: This Water is excellent against Ulcers in the eyes. These three Diseases I thought good to annex to the cure of the inflammation of the eyes, having a dependency thereupon.   

CHAP. XV. Of the Cancer, and Rupture of the Cornea.  
SOmetimes a Cancer groweth up, and is perfected in the eye, of which there is two sorts, either occult, or ulcerated: The occult is called a Cancerous Tumour, or Cancer of the Eye: The ulcerated is called a cancerous ulcer in the eye: It is known by a blue, leaden colour, and unequal hardness, the veins adjoining are very full and blue, and the eye, the temples, and the whole head is afflicted with a strong and pricking pain. If the Disease be fixed and perfect, it is incurable, except it be taken away by manual operation, but if it be taken in the beginning, it may be cured: you must administer convenient Physic, and adjoin a suitable diet. You must draw blood on the same side: if you find occasion, bleed the Hemorrhoid veins by Leeches, and apply them behind the ears: after the use of these, or the like revulsions, purge melancholy often, and gently: once or twice a week (if the body be strong enough) purge with the extract of black Hellebore. These remedies will much diminish the humours, and decrease the pain, after which you must use Topics, such as have prepared Tutty, and the white Troches in them, for which have recourse to the preceding Chapter. The flesh of young Pigeons or Chickens applied to the Cancer, hath been found very available.  
The Rupture of the Cornea, is when the Tunicle is so divided, that the watery humour, and sometimes the Uvea cometh forth. The cause of both is a Wound, Ulcer, or a great afflux of humours; by which the Cornea is so distended, that it cracks, and the humours contained are let out, and sometimes the Uv a shooteth out: Paulus divideth this Disease into four kinds; the first cometh forth like the head of a Fly, and therefore he calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; The second is when a greater part cometh forth, and is like the stone of a Raisin, and is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The third is, when the Eruption is so great, that it seemeth like an Apple, and is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The fourth is when the Uvea (being come forth) is hard, and is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The Cure is very difficult always, but for the most part it is incurable. After bleeding (if need be) and purging the peccant humours, you must use astringent and glutinating medicines; as the white Troches, and the white of an Egg dropped into the Eye: then make a Cataplasm to the part, thus: Take the root of Solomon's Seal four ounces, Quinces pared and fliced two ounces; Red-rose leaves a handful, Acatia a drachm; Saffron two scruples, boil these in red wine, and Plantain water (of each a like quantity) as much as is sufficient to make a Cataplasm. Afterwards, to make a perfect consolidation, take an ounce of the Mucilage of Gum Traganth made in Plantain water, the clarified juice of Plantain, and of the root of Solomon's Seal, of each one spoonful: of the white of an egg beaten to clean water, and a woman's breast-milk, of both a spoonful, washed Aloes, prepared Tutty, and Sarcocol, of each two scruples, Saffron one scruple: powder what is to be powdered, and mix them for a Collyric.   

CHAP. XVI. Of the Diseases of the corners of the Eyes and Eyelids.  
SOmetimes there happeneth a Tumour in the corner of the Eye, at the root of the nose; if it do not break, it is called Anchylops; if it do break, it is called Aegylops. Sometimes this Tumour cometh without inflammation, and is bred of a thick, phlegmatic, slimy humour as the Tumours called Atheromata, Steatomata, etc. of which you shall have a brief account in the next book.  
When it cometh with inflammation, it is like a Bile, with shooting pain, and very red, and it cometh by thin and choleric blood flowing thither, and then imposthumateth; which being open produceth an Ulcer; than it becomes hollow, and is called Fistula Lachrymalis. The Cure is very difficult, because it is ill applying medicines, the eye being so near. If it hath not been of long continuance, and the Orifice to be seen externally, it may be cured by medicines: But if it hath continued a year, the Bone is foul, and hard to be cured without burning. If it turns to a Cancer, it is incurable, because medicines will enlarge it, and increase pain, and is known by the hardness and blewness of the skin, the extension of the veins, and extremity of the pain.  
You must open a vein, if nothing hinder, and revel the humours by purging, which you may do by these following Pills, viz. Cochiae, Arabicae, Aureae, and Lucis Majoris: than you must endeavour to stop the progress by repelling medicines: take the juice of Night shade, Shepherd's purse, and Knotgrass, of each two ounces; Acacia, the flowers of Balaustines, Bolearmeniack, gaul's, Frankincense, and Roch-allum, of each a drachm; boil them well together: then with four ounces of white Wax, and four drachms of Turpentine, make a Cerate, to be applied to the forehead: Afterwards endeavour to resolve the humours: Amatus Lucitanus commends this following Cerate: Take of the Powder of Cockleshells two drams, Myrrh, Aloes, and Frankincense, of each half an ounce: Sarcocol, Sanguis Draconis, and Ceruse, of each three drachms: Opopanax dissolved in Wine, Vinegar, and Bloodstone, of each one drachm and an half, Saffron two scruples, Wax and , of each three ounces: make a Cerate according to art, and apply it to the corner of the Eye and Forehead. If, after all this, it will come to Suppuration, make use of such things as will hasten it, lest the humours corrode the part: apply a Plaster of Diachilon Simplex. If an inflammation approach, apply a Cataplasm made with white bread and milk: If it break not suddenly, open it with a Launcet, cleanse the Ulcer and heal it. But if it prove a Fistula, you must be the more careful, first to cleanse it thus. Take of Aqua vitae, and Honey of Roses, of each one ounce, Myrrh two ounces, with Alum and Verdegreece, of each a drachm: boil them together, and make a Lineament: Unguentum, Aegyptiacum, and Apostolorum, is of great virtue in this case.  
If the bone be foul, it must be cured by an actual Cautery: yet Fabricius Hildanus saith he cured a Lachrimal Fistula with medicines; he applied Euphorbium, and upon the same an Emplaster of Gum-Elemi, and this he did till he scaled the bone: afterwards with the Tolutan Balsam, a drop upon a little lint, he incarnated, and consolidated the Fistula in a very short time.  
After this Lachrymal Fistula, there followeth a consuming and diminishing of the Caruncle in the corner of the Eye, sometimes it also happeneth by a sharp humour falling down thither, and sometimes by cleasing medicines applied without discretion; this Disease is called Rhyas: there is another Disease conrrary to this, which is an immoderate growth and increase of the flesh in the corner of the eye: which proceedeth sometimes for want of orderly drying up of the Ulcer, and sometimes by a defluxion of blood to the part, and this is called Enchanthis. For the cute of the first, you must perform it by Incarnative Medicines: Take of Aloes, Borax, Frankincense, Dragon's Blood, Cypress Nuts, and Mprtles, of each one dragm, the flowers of Pomegranates, Red Roses, and Comfrey, of each two scruples; theseeds of Sumach on scruple. Let them be boiled in old Canary, and Plantain, and Rose-water, of each half a pint, to the consumption of half, and with this colliery often wash the part affected: the other you must cure by taking away the superfluous flesh, with eating medicines, as Burnt Alum,  Vtriol, Unguentum Aegyptiatum, or Apostolorum; or you must cut it off, and burn it with an Iron: But proceed which way you will, you must not forget convenient Evacuations, for fear of a defluxion, and you must beware lest you take it not away too near, lest it turn to Rhyas. There is also a defluxion of Rhenm, issuing out of du the corners of the Eyes and is called involuntary weeping, and by some Epiphora: for the producing of this Disease there is an indisposition in the part sending, and the part receiving: the part sending is the brain, which, being too hot or too cold, attracteth a watery humour, and sendeth it to the inferior parts. By the weakness, thinness, thickness, of the Caruncle in the corner of the Eye, it is made uncapable to resist such a defluxion, which often happeneth in the three  Diseases.  
This defluxion is conveyed sometimes by the external, and sometimes by the internal veins: Sometimes the defluxion is hot, and sometimes cold. If it be conveyed by the external veins, the veins of the Forehead and Temples are distended, and the pain is felt without the Skull; if internally, the pain is felt contrarily. If the humour be hot, it causeth the more pain; heat, redness, and exulceration of the eyebrows follow.  
If this Disease cometh from an outward cause, if it hath not continued long, it may be soon cured, but hardly if your Patient be old. If it proceed from a Lachrymal Fiflula, Rhyas, or Echanthis, it hath its cure with those Diseases. You must take away the defluxion, and strengthen the part, you must evacuate the humour offending by purging: likewise if the body be phlethorick, and nothing prohibit, you may open a vein. You must make revulsions of the flowing humours by Cupping, Vesicatories, Blisters behind the neck, and Issues in the arms.  
For derivation, apply Leeches behind the ears, and Masticatories in the morning: strengthen the head and brain, whether the humour be hot or cold; the Chap. of the Catarrh, and of the coldest distempers of the brain, will particularly inform you, how to purge, revel, and derive the peccant humours, and strengthen the part affected. Then you must apply astringent medicines to the Fore head and temples; if the humour flow through the external veins: If it be a cold humour, take of Frankincense, Tacamabacca, and Mastic, of each two drachms: Terra Sigillata one drachm, Mace pulverised, and Juniper Gum, of each two scruples: Turpentine and Wax sufficient to make a Cerate for the forehead and temples; But if it be a hot and sharp humour, take of Endive and Knotgrass, of each one handful; the Root of Solomon's Seal one pound, beat them well in a Stone mortar, and with a pint of White-Wine Vinegar, let them boil till half of the Vinegar be consumed: then take of Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Pomegranate Flowers, of each two drachms: Frankincense, Mastic, and Red-Roses, of each half a drachm, powder them, and mix them with the other, and make a Caraplasme to be applied as aforesaid. You must likewise apply drying and astringent medicines to the part affected. Take of prepared Tutty, Eggshells, Aloes, Frankincense, and Mastic, of each two scruples, Sarcocol, Sanguis Draconis, and Sumach seed, of each one scruple; Myrrh and Spicknard, of each six grains; make them all into fine powder, and tie them up in a rag, and steep it in white Wine, Fenel, Eye-bright, or white Rose-water, and squeeze it often into the eyes. These medicines prescribed for an Ophthalmy are good likewise in this distemper.  
There is another disease appertaining to the corner of the Eye, it is called by some (Pterygium) by other some the Haw in the Eye, and by others Unguis, and it is a hard and Nervous Membrane, growing out of the corner of the Eye, covering the white, and in time the Pupilla also. Sometimes it is thin and white, and sometimes it is red and full of Veins.  
It is caused by Ulceration of the Caruncle of the Eye, and is bred by excrements (flowing to the part) as well as blood; hence it cometh to pass that variety of Haws are bred, according to the seeding humour, and may be thus distinguished; A red Haw comes of pure blood, a Yellow of Choler, a white of Phlegm, a dark and black one of Melancholy. It the Eye affected grow less, it is an evil sign, and little hopes there is of recovery.  
If you take it whilst it is new and beginning, it may (with difficulty) be taken off by medicine; but if it be far gone, it must be done by Chirurgery, you must Evacuate and purge the Antecedent cause, as you have heard sufficiently already in the other Chapters of the diseases of the eyes; and you must use the same Course of Dier.  
Then you may make use of those Topics spoken of in the Cure of blisters in the Eyes.  
Take of Cuttle bone in fine powder, and put it upon the Haw; this I have known, take the Haw from the Eye of an Horse: if you mix Tutty and Vitriol to it, it may prove the better.  
I shall instance one more commended by Forestus. Take of the juice of Fennel four ounces; the juice of Celandine three ounces, of Rue two ounces, and of Mallows two ounces and an half, Aloes one drachm, Vitriol two scruples, Verdegrease one scruple, Ginger and Cinnamon, of each half a scruple; the Gall of an Eel half an ounce, the Gall of an Ox two drachms, Sugar-Candy two scruples, let the juices boil with the rest, then clarify it and make a Collyrium, with which dress the Eye, and if this prevail not, it must be taken off by Chirurgery.  
I shall say no more, but put an end to this Chapter, and the diseases of the Eyes.   

CHAP. XVII. Of the diseases of the Ears.  
THe Ear is the Organ of hearing, the most spiritual sense, the agent of understanding, the gate, through which science truth and virtue hath its entrance into the soul, this member is subject to divers diseases, Similary, Organick, and Common, which are known and distinguished by their symptoms.  
There is first deafness or dullness of hearing, which I shall join, because they differ only in degrees, and are the same in causes. I shall not spend my time to show you the difference between deafness and dullness of hearing, only declare the causes of both. The first is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the other is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, both of these have their original from a distemper of the brain. The cause lieth either in the exterior, or interior cavity; the exterior cavity may be obstructed or stopped by Tumour, Impostume, blood, matter, phlegm, or the like, which may prove defective to the hearing; but this cause cannot make an absolute deafness, because there is an open way from the interior eavity to the , by which the sound is carried; as you may observe by those that are hard of hearing, for they are subject to hold open their mouths, that so they may hear the better, and you may prove it by this example: Hold a stick between your teeth, with which strike the strings of a musical instrument, Ropping your Ears, and you may hear the sound as well or better then with your open Ears. The interior Cavity is sometimes obstructed by Phlegmatic, and Choleric humours, and sometimes by blood. Sometimes humours from all parts of the body are sent to this Cavity as it happeneth sometimes in Fevers. Sometimes the Tympany may be relaxed, sometimes by excess of moist humours, and sometimes by some violent and sudden noise, sometimes it is stretched or dried after some violent disease, accompanied with watching or fasting, sometimes it may be broken by a violent motion, or corroded by a sharp humour. Sometimes Narcoticks administered over much: sometimes a cold distemper, or cold water got into the Ear, or sometimes the instruments of hearing hurt by some stroke or fall or the like, may be the cause of this disease.  
Though it be hard to distinguish all these by their proper signs, yet you may by Art, and Conjecture come near it. If the distemper comes from a distemper of the brain: either there is an appearance of some disease in the head, as the Headache, Apoplexy, &c: or some of the other senses are hurt. If the external Cavity of the Ears be obstructed by excrementitious humours, or something fallen in, it may be discovered by the Eye. If the interior Cavity be obstructed by some humour: the humour may be known by some present or preceding disease, or by the constitution of the body. The looseness or moistness of the Tympane, may be conjectured by some preceding moist distemper, the dryness of the same part, by the dryness of the whole body. The Tympane cannot be broken, unless there hath been some violent cause, which might break it, preceded.  
If deafness be absolute, and of long continuance, or if the Patient was borne so, it is incurable. If it proceed from a sharp or continual Fever, the cure of the Fever is the remedy. The Tympane broken, the deafness is incurable. If it increase and decrease, it proceedeth from a movable humour, and is curable. If it hath its original from a distemper of the brain, it is easier cured, then if it comes from a proper distemper of the Eare.  
For the Cure, you must consider what humour is the cause of the defect, and you must purge the body, and particularly the head: you must use Revulsions, as Cauteries, Vesicatories, Gargarisms, and Masticatories: to be breise, these and other remedies effectual against this distemper, may be sought out of the Chapter treating of cold distempers of the brain. Sulphurous and Bituminous Baths are very profitable especially if the Patient wear a cap made of Sponge; and the water pumped upon his head. It is good also to make fomentations of these following herbs, viz.  
Mallows, Marjarom, Hyssop, Centuary, Mints, Camomile, Rosemary, Peneroyall, Sage; boil them in white Wine, and foment the Ear: If you would have it stronger, add a dram of the pulp of Coloquintida, and as much white Hellebore to the fomentation, a sumigation made with a Punnell of the same decoction, doth wonderfully pierce the Cavity of the Eare. Or make a Loaf of bread, and m●x with the meal a good quantity of Carawayseeds, Bayberryes, Juniper berries, Nutmegs, and Cloves: and when it is baked, cut it in the middle, and apply it hot to the Ear affected, or to both if need be, and if you think it not of sufficient force, dip it first into the spirit of Wine; this will serve instead of a somentation. After which you must put some Oil or Liquors proper to the Cure into the Ear, as Oil of Bitter Almonds, Castor, Rue, etc. The Chemical Oils of Rosemary, Marjarom, Sage, Fennell, Spike, and Cloves, which are too hot to be used alone, but may with good success be mixed with other Oils and applied. Take the water of an Ash, (that runneth out at the end, the other being in the fire) one ounce: The dripping of a silver Eel, (roasted upon a spit) as much; a fruple of any of the beforenamed Chemical Oils, or a drachm of the other; mix them and drop it into the Eare. Observe this general rule, that you drop nothing cold into the Ear, and that you stop the Ear afterwards with Wool, or Cotton, and a little Mu●k into it.  
Sometimes the sense of hearing is prejudiced by a preternatural noise in the Ears; the causes of which are many, but chiefly a wind or vapour sent thither from other parts, or bred there.  
It cometh from all parts of the body, when it happeneth in a Fever, and this (according to Hypocrates) is deadly. Sometimes it cometh from the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Midriff and Womb: witness Vomitings, Hypocondriak, Melancholy, and fits of the Mother, which for the most part are attended with a noise in the Ears. Sometimes it is caused by Phlegm, contained in the Ear, for they that are thick of hearing, are seddome free from a noise in the Head: a blow, great sound, or an Ulcer in the head may cause a noise in the head, a hot distemper in the head filleth the Arteries of the Ear with much spirit, and causeth a noise. If the noise hath been of long continuance, it is hardly Cured: if it proceed from Phlegm, Obstructing the passage, 'tis doubtful that it will end in deafness. If you judge it curable, you may find the cure in this Chapter, for it differeth not in cure from dullness of hearing in some Cases; and agreeth with the cure of the pain of the Ears in others. But this remember, that if it come by consent of the Stomach, Liver, &c: take away the cause and the effect ceaseth.  
Pain in the Ears is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and is caused by cold winds, cold baths, or the like, or by a hot distemper, so it be accompanied with a defluxion of humours, otherwise heat is friendly to those Nervous, and Membranous parts.  
The cold matter which causeth pain is Phlegm, water or cold wind, either coming from without, or from some inferior part within.  
The hot matter is Choler or blood.  
There may be other evident causes of pain, as wounds, Contusions, Ulcers, or breaking of an imposthume, or any hard or pricking thing got into the Eare. You may judge the distemper to be from cold, if a cold cause hath preceded, and hot medicines profit; the contrary declareth a hot distemper; If Phlegm cause the pain, the Ear and Head will be heavy, some Rheum falleth upon some other part; the distemper is taken in cold wether, or the Patient is old. If wind be the cause, the pain is without heaviness, nor is it constant. If water causeth the pain, the Patient is troubled with a sharp defluxion upon the Teeth, Eyes, Breast, etc. If it come from Choler; the pain is sharp and pricking, cold things give ease, the body is Choleric, etc. An inflammation is accompanied with a great heating pain, the parts adjacent are very red, and there is joined a Fever. A wound maketh itself known by blood issuing out at the Ear, and an Ulcer by filth. But sometimes there issueth filth from an Impostume in the brain, but this may be distinguished by Head ache preceding, and other signs of Impostume; the filth cometh away in great abundance at first, and decreaseth by degrees. If an Ulcer follow an Impostume in the Ear, the symptoms of an Impostume going before declareth it. If the Ulcer come by defluxion, there is a burning and shooting pain, and the matter issueth forth by little and constantly. If the Ulcer be in the bone, the matter is thin, and yellow, and hath continued long: the deeper the Ulcer is, the more matter issueth; the fouler it is, the more and thicker is the matter: If it be Virulent the matter is thin, if putrid, it stinketh much; if it corrode, blood accompanieth the matter; If it continue very long, it groweth Fistulous, and then the matter is Virulent and the flesh groweth hard.  
If the distemper proceed from a cold cause, with or without matter, you must use the medicines, prescribed for the cure of deafness, especially fomentations, and fumes, with warm oils dropped into the Ear, and if it be with matter you must evacuate, and purge the humour. If the distemper come from a hot cause without matter, use cooling Topics. If it hath a Choleric matter, you must revel the humour by Phlebotomy, and with cooling drinks and Juleps allay the preternatural heat of the Liver, but this having dependency to the diseases of the head, proceeding from a hot cause; also to the inflammation of the Ear, I leave the ingenious there to seek the Cure.  
The inflammation of the Ear is cured by making revulsion (after the administration of an Emollient Clyster) by blood-letting; and this must be done, in as great a quantity as the violentnesse of the disease requireth, and the strength, age and constitution of the Patient permitteth: open the Head-Vein on the same side the inflammation is. If the stoppage of the Terms hath been prejudicial, open the Saphaena, or the Hemorrhoids if you see occasion. Revulsions by frictions and ligatures of the Arms and Thighs; Cupping the Shoulders and Back with or without scarifications, are often successful; a Cupping-glass fixed behind the Ears with Scarification hath been attended with admirable success: and Horsleeches applied to the same place, hath been no less effectual.  
If you find the Cure difficult, the opening of the Arteries in the Temples is good to prevent hot and windy blood, which doth much feed the inflammation; you must often purge Choler, and temper the Humours with cooling Juleps thus: Take of Lettuce, Purflane, and Sorrel Water, of each two ounces; the Water of Plantain and Succory, of each three ounces; of Syrup of Lemons two ounces; the Syrup of Erratic Poppies one ounce; mix them, and make a Julep; take sour spoonsuls' morning and evening.  
You may foment the Ear with the decoction of cooling and piercing Herbs, and let the Patient receive the same with a Funnel: then come to the use of Topics, which have power to mitigate pain thus: Take of Breast milk two Ounces, the Oil of Roses, and Water-lilies, of each one ounce and an half: the Water of an Ashen stick before mentioned, one ounce, the White of an Egg beaten to water half an ounce mix them and drop some into the Ear, after you have formented and famed it.  
If you would have it repelling, add Vinegar of Roses to it, but use it with moderation, lest you drive the Humours to the Brain.  
If the vehemency of the pain constrain you to make use of stupefactive Medicines, mixea scruple of Opium, or an ounce of Oil of Poppy seeds, with your former Medicine; but be careful also in the use of this, lest you offend the Brain.  
If you see occasion for resolving Medicines, the Oils of Camomile, Dill, sweet Almonds, and Violets; all or either of them may be mixed with your aforesaid Medicine.  
If after all this you find that the Imposthume will come to suppuration, you must help Nature therein thus. Take the leaves of Mallows, Nightshade, Camomel, and Dill, of each one handful: bruise them well in a STONE-MORTAR; boil them in a quart of milk to the consumption of half: add the Musilage of Line-seed, Fleabane, and Fenugreek seeds, of each one ounce; Ducks and Hen's Grease, of each one ounce; the Oil of Camomel, Roses, and Violets, of each one ounce; with the crumb of White Bread, as much as is sufficient, make a Cataplasm, and apply it. After the Imposthume is broken, and the Matter run out, you must apply cleansing Medicines, viz. Mix Barley water, and Honey of Roses, and drop it into the Ear.  
If the Humour be sharp, and cause an Ulcer, you must, after the use of needful Purge, necessary bleeding, and all requisite Evacuations, make use of cleansing and drying Topics. Take of the juice of Reets, and showbread, of each one ounce; Horehound, Smallage, and Wormwood, of each half an ounce; Myrrh, and Frankincense, of each half a drachm; Saffron, and Verdegreece, of each one scruple; White Wine, and Honey, of each four Ounces; boil it, and scum it, till the Wine be consumed: then drop of it into the Ear 2 or 3 times in a day.  
After you have well cleansed it, you must come to cicatrize it: Take of the Powder of Galls, and  Alum, of each one drachm; Frankincense, and Myrrh, of each half a drachm; Gum of Juniper, and Sarcocol, of each one scruple; make them into fine Powder, and mix them with White-Wine, and drop it into the Bar.  
If you find that it is said by defluxion, you must labour to divert the deflaxion, as you are taught in the 9th Chapter of this Book.  
If the Ulcet be very foul, you must mix Unguentum Aegyptiacum, and the Rust of Iron powdered with White-Wine, and drop it into the Ear. If the Humour be sharp, and you find sharp Medicines disagreeing to it, make use of the Oils, and yolks of Eggs, of sweet and bitter Almonds.  
If any thing be fallen into the Ear, you must endeavour to get it out with an Ear-picker, but beware lest you thrust it further. If you cannot prevail so, inject Oil into the Ear, to relax it, that it may the easier come out, and anoint the Ear-picker with Bird-lime, and see if by that means you can draw it out. Provoke sneesing, with the Mouth and Nostrils shut, and by that means it may be forced out. If a Flea, being got into the Ear, procure pain and trouble to the Patient, make a little Ball of Dog's hair, and put it into the Ear, and the Flea will come into it. If by swimming, or washing the Head, Water getteth into the Ear, and is the cause of pain, hop on the contrary foot to that side, and hold your Ear downwards, or put in a dry Sponge into the Ear, and as it groweth moist take it out, and put in more till you be freed.   

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Diseases of the Nostrils.  
AS God and Nature hath wisely instituted and ordained this Member, as needful and official to the service of the body, so the Corruption of Nature (by our Fall) hath brought many Distempers therein, viz. the Ulcer of the Nostrils, and Ozaena; Sarcoma, and Polypus; the loss of Smelling in the Nose, the Coryza, Sneezing, and Bleeding; the last of which I shall treat of in a Chapter by itself, and speak briefly of the rest in this Chapter. And first of the Ulcer of the Nostrils; which, whilst it is new, is called the simple Ulcer of the Nostrils: when it is old, it is called Ozaena. The cause of the simple Ulcer, is either internal, or external: Internal, when a sharp or salted Humour floweth to the : External, either by a Wound or Contusion. The cause of Ozaena, is a malignant and acrimonious Humour, or the other Ulcer neglected. They are easily known and distinguished one from the other: The simple Ulcer causeth but little pain, sometimes sends forth blood, and sometimes casteth forth a Scab.  
The Ozaena is more painfuls foul, and stinking, annoying not only the Patient, but all that come near him.  
If it turn to a Cancer, it eateth the Gristle of the Nose, and destroyeth the , and for the most part hath its original from the French Pox, or Elephantiasis.  
The New Ulcer may be easily cured; the old one hardly. If it turn to a Cancer it is never cured: If it hath its original from the French Pox, or Elephantiasis, it cannot be cured, till the Disease be cured.  
For the Cure, you must use convenient Evacuations, Purging and Bleeding, Revulsions and Derivations by Cupping, Vesicatories, or Caustics applied to the hinder parts; and then strengthen the head, and withal appoint a good Diet, which may hinder and assuage the sharpness of the Humour. This being done, if the Ulcer be covered with a Scab, you must endeavour to take it off gently, and not rashly, for fear of a Defluxion of Humours; and to that end you must mollify the Scab with Oil of sweet Almonds, or fresh Butter, and warm Water. Then you must cleanse it, by washing it with Barley Water, and if you mix a little Oil of Roses with it, it will not be the worse: then apply Medicines, which are astringent, as the Oytment of Tutty, the white Ointment, more commonly known by the Latin Name, Unguentum Album, the Oil of the yolks of Eggs; the Ointment of Tobacco is good, being carefully applied.  
Ozaena must be carefully cleansed; Take of Smith's water half a pint, Barley water four ounces, the juice of Plantain and Wormwood, of each two Ounces: boil them together, till half be consumed, and scum it carefully: then put in sour Ounces of Honey of Roses, let the diseased often snuff it up into his Nostrils wherein the ulcer is. You may make an Ointment more powerful for this purpose thus: Take of the juice of unripe Grapes half an Ounce, the Peels and Flowers of Pomegranates, of each three drachms; of Myrrh, Alum, and Laudanum, of each two drachms; Aloes, Chalcitis, and Frankincense, of each one drachm; the Oil of Roses, and Myrtles, of each two Ounces, with red Wax as much as sufficeth, to make an unguent, which apply to the ulcer. Or you may wash it with Alum Water; and if it want cleansing, mix a little Aegyptiacum with it.  
The sublimate Water doth dry and cleanse wonderfully, and you may prepare it thus: Take of Crude Sublimate in Powder twelve Grains, put it into four Ounces of Plantain water, and boil it to the consumption of half.  
Now and then touch it with this water; When it is throughly cleansed, you must prepare Medicines, which are powerful to dry it up.  
Rondeletius commendeth the smoke of a Wax Candle taken up into the Nose often: or you may make a Fume thus:  
Take of Labdanum, Benjamin, Hypocistis, Maslich, Myrrh, Red Storax, and Calamith, Sandarach, Frankincense Bark, and red Arsenic, of each three drachms, with surpentine sufficient to make Troches, of which let the Patient take the Fume Morning and Evening.  
Sarcoma and Polypus is a preternatural Tumour, or Excrescency of Flesh in the Nose: The first groweth without shape, like proud flesh; but Polypus springeth as it were from small Roots, and hangeth down to the lower part of the Nose, and sometimes out of the Nose.  
If it be rooted high, it sometimes falleth into the passage that goeth into the Pallat. It is a spongy soft flesh, white, red, or blue, and it is fuller at the full of the Moon, then at the Change.  
The cause of both is a gross Humour coming from the Brain, mixed with blood.  
The first, for the most part, is easily cured. The second, with more difficulty: The lower it is rooted in the Nostril, the easier may the Cure be effected: If it be soft, white, or red, it is more easily cured: but if hard and blue, it is dangerous. You must prescribe a dry and attenuating Diet: you must purge the Humour you see abound; you must revel, and repel the Humours, and strengthen the Head, as you are taught in the aforegoing Chapters.  
Then you must apply such Medicines to the Tumour as are drying and astringent: If it may not be thus cured, it must be taken off by a Caustick, or by Incision.  
But apply the mildest Medicines first; Take the Juice of the three sorts of Pomegranates; beil it to the thickness of Honey; apply it often to the Excrescency.  
Then make use of this Sublimate Water spoken of before in the Ulcer. This following Water is commended by Weckerus. Take of unripe Grapes three pound, Pomegranate Peels and Flowers, and Sumach, of each two pound; macerate them in Vinegar, and distil them: then add to the water thus distilled, Alum one pound, Vitriol three Ounces: Distil them again, and with this water often touch the Tumour, for it hath a great power to dry and consume it.  
You may make it stronger, if you see occasion, by adding red Arsenic, and Sandarach to it: Mercury precipitate, and applied with Honey of Roses, with a Tent, is good. You may make an Ointment thus: Take of Letharge of Silver one drachm, Ceruse three drachms, Pomegranate Peels and Alum, of each two drachms, Verdegreese, and Orpiment, of each one drachm: powder them, and in good old white wine, boil them to the thickness of Honey: put in a little Oil of Myrrh, and reserve it in a Leaden Box, and use it as the forenamed Medicines.  
The sense of Smelling is either diminished, abolished, or depraved; either by Obstruction, or Astriction. Cold, moist, and Phlegmatic Distempers, may either dull or abolish the sense of Smelling: Hence Defluxions, upon those parts, do hinder the sense. Phlegm obstructs and hindereth the sensible passages, viz. the Nostrils, and the Pores of the Brain, the insensible Passages, and the Processus Mamillates; or Sarcoma, and Polypus, may hinder the senceby obstructing the Nostrils. Smelling is hindered by Astriction, when Phlegm, gathered in the forepart of the Brain, doth compress the Mamillares, as was said before in the compression of the Optic Nerves. Sometimes this Sense is depraved by some putrefaction, or ulcer in the Nose, or the Mening, or some of the parts official to this Sense, and thereby hindereth it: or some stinking Vapour arising from some other part of the Body, may hinder the exercise of this Office: as the Tongue is depraved by Choler, and maketh all things that is tasted seem bitter, the signs are these: Slimy Phlegm coming from the Brain, and cold and moisture oppressing the Brain, show Phlegm to be the cause. If it be from Sarcoma, or Polypus, it is easily discovered. If the matter causing the obstruction be contained in the Nostrils, the speech is hurt also: but it is not so, if it be in the Mamillares, or the forepart of the Brain. The Cure is divers, according to the diversity of causes: I shall say nothing to it, only give you this general Rule: If it come from a Defluxion, you must proceed, as you are instructed, in the cure of a cold Catarrh. If from obstruction, or compression of the Mamillares, I shall refer you to the Chapter, treating of the cold distemper of the Brain, for the Cure.  
In the 9th Chapter of this Book, treating of a defluxion, I told you if it fell into the Nose, it is a cold Coryza: I think it not amiss, if I here speak a word or two of the nature and cause of it. This Defluxion is caused either by overmuch heat, which doth dissolve the crude Humours gathered in the fore Ventricles of the Brain; or else by cold, which doth compress and squeeze the aforesaid Humours. This is easily known by the Humours flowing through the Nose; and of all Catarrhs, it is the most easy to cure. For the Cure repair to the 9th Chapter: to which add the Vapour of Marjarom, and Red-Rose Leaves, boiled in Vinegar, taken into the Nose. It the Distemper be cold, Take Frankincense, Mastic, Nigella, and the like, thrown upon a Chafingdish of Burning Coals, and do as before.  
I shall now speak a word or two of Sneezing (vulgarly sneezing) which, though it be looked upon but as a slight effect, not worth mentioning, hath (by reason of a sharp Defluxion) proveth not only troublesome, but dangerous: And hence came the Custom of saying, God bless you, God save you, or Christ help, when a man sneezeth. Sneezing is a swift motion of the Brain, by which the Breath is drawn up unto the Brain, to force out that which doth offend: for Sneezing belongs to the Natural Expulsive Faculty of the Brain, and its Membranes: as it is with the Cough which doth by its natural motion, free the Arteries of the Lungs from Phlegm, which obstructeth them. But the proper cause of Sneezing, is a sharp Humour, which doth provoke the inside of the Nostrils, (as 'tis verified, by snuffing up sharp things into the Nostrils) which Humour cometh from the Brain, or some inferior parts: sometimes the coldness of the Air doth act upon, and compress the Brain, and causeth a sharp Humour to fall into the Nostrils, which provoketh Sternucation. The knowledge of this Disease is manifest: outward causes appear, and by the signs of the parts affected.  
As to the Prognostic, it is naturally and essentially without danger, accidentally it may prove hurtful; namely in the beginning of Coryza, it hindereth the concoction of the Humours by its violent motion: sometimes in Fevers it is violent, and causeth bleeding, and is prejudicial to the Patient's strength. In the Pleurisy, and all Diseases of the Lungs, it is bad, because it violently pulleth those parts, and causeth a greater inflammation. Yet if there be Phlegm got into the Gristles of the Lungs, which a Cough cannot get out, then is Sneezing helpful. For the most part it is friendly to healthy people, and promiseth help in Fevers. It is good in Apoplexies, and always welcome to women in travel, or troubled with fits of the Mother.  
If Sternutation become Symptomatical, you must remove the external cause, or internal, from whence it cometh by Evacuations, Derivations, Revulsions, and Discussions: and if you see cause you must bleed, use Frictions, Ligatures, and Cupping. In the mean time, you must labour to take away the sharpness which provoketh to Stenutation: Let your Patiented snuff up warm milk, warm water, or warm water and Butter mingled, the Oils of Roses, sweet Almonds, and Violets, which will afford much comfort to the diseased,   

Of bleeding at the Nose. CHAP. XIX.  
THis disease is called Haemorrhagia, and it is either organical or common, the organical is either the opening of the Vessels, called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; or the rarefaction of them called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The common disease is also twofold, either the breaking of the Vessels, called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; or the Erosion called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: Blood offending either in quantity or quality is the cause of these distempers. Sometimes external causes concur, as wounds, strokes, falls, vehement exercise, drunkenness, long staying in the Sun. It is also either Critical or symptomatical: Critical, when nature dischargeth herself of superfluous blood, sometimes in health, sometimes in Fevers, and sometimes from an inflammation of the Liver or Spleen. Symptomatical is, when filthy blood, caused by the weakness of the Liver (in a Cronical distemper) is let go by reason of the debility of the retentive faculty; or (by the strength of the expulsive faculty, expelled, as unprofitable and unnecessary. If the blood flows by reason of the vein broken, the blood is thick, and floweth continually; if the vein be only opened, the blood is thinner, and floweth by fits. If the veins be eroded or gnawn asunder, the Patient hath had a salt Catarrh, or Ulcer or Cacochymia. The causes are easily distinguished by their signs, viz: A red face and eyes with heaviness signifieth plenty of blood If choler or Melancholy be the cause, the blood is corrupt, and their proper signs appear in the body. If the weakness of the retentive faculty let it go, the body is weak, the face is pale, or some disease hath preceded, which hath weakened the Liver. If it cometh from an Artery, it cometh with great force, hot, pure and fresh; if from a vein that contrary appeareth. If it come from the Liver, Spleen, &c: pains, extensions, or inflammations in those parts will declare it. If blood issue out of the Nose upon a judicial or critical day, it is a good sign, and is not to be stopped, if it flow not immoderately. But if it happen in the beginning of a disease, it is symptomatical and dangerous. If the Liver be affected, and the blood issue out at the right Nostril it is good, and if the Spleen be affected, if the left Nostril bleed it is good; the contrary to any of these happening, is bad. If the Haemorrhagy continue long, it cooleth the Liver, and causeth a Dropsy: Likewise bleeding is very hurtful to Melancholy and Phlegmatic people; as also to such as have a quartane Fever.  
For the Cure, you must consider whether the Haemorrhagy be Critical or Symptomatical: If it be Symptomoticall, you must endeavour suddenly to stop it: I● it be Critical, immoderate, and the constitution not able to endure it without prejudice, you must do the like: you must begin with revulsions, of which blood letting is the cheise; you must open a vein on the Arm, on the same side the Nostril is that bleedeth; you may draw as much blood as the strength of the Patiens will bear. Apply Cupping-glasses behind to the Shoulders and Arms, to the Hypocondria: but make use of this, after sufficient blood letting, for fear of an inflammation of the Liver. Forrestus commendeth the application of Cupping-glasses to the feet, others commend an actual Cautery. Throw cold water into the face on a sudden, which doth repel the blood. It is good to put a Cloth dipped in Vinegar to the neck behind, another to the Cod, and to snuff up Vinegar and water into the Nose, and hold the mouth full of it, as long as any thing is snuffed up: take up the fume of Vinegar thrown upon an hot Iron. Foment the Forehead and Temples with water and Vinegar cold: Vinegar put into the Ear on the same side, on which the bleeding Nostril is, is good. Then apply a Cataplasm, made with the juice of Plantain, Nightshade, Vinegar, of all a like quantity, and Bolearmenick sufficient to make a Cataplasm, which must be laid to the forehead, from Temple to Temple. Or thus, Take of Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, and Bolearmenick, of each a drachm, Rose Vinegar, and the juice of Nightshade, of each one ounce, the Whites of two Eggs, with the distilled water of Red-Roses, and Plantain, make a Cataplasm; and apply it as before. If you perceive that the veins of your forehead are swelled, bind a , or a dry bean slit, upon the root of the Nose between the Eyebrows. Also the powder of Hoggs-dung blown into the Nose, or mixed with the juice of Nettles, and a Tent dipped in it, and put up into the Nose, hath an excellent property to stop bleeding.  
Others commend the Powder of a dried Toad, put in fine red Sarsnet, and put under the Armpits, or held in the hand.  
It is convenient likewise to make use of those things, which have a faculty to close and glutinate the Veins, Take of Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Aloes, and Cobwebs, of each two scruples, white Vitriol,  Egshels and Paper, of each one scruple, powder them finely, and blow it up into the Nostrils: to prevent its coming into the mouth, hold the mouth full of cold water, and Vinegar; or else you may mix it with the whites of Eggs beaten to water, and the juice of Plantain, and dip a Tent in it and apply it. If hitherto you are successless, you must make use of Escharotick medicines, of which burned Vitriol claims the preeminency, powdered and used as before: but if you fear to use it alone, add the same quantity of Dragon's blood, Bolearmenick, and Frankincense. A dram of the powder of Spicknard drunk in the morning in broth is very good. If the disease doth often invade the Patient, let him make use of inward medicines, which have power to Coagulate, thicken, cool, bind, and restrain its motion: Take of dried Knotgrass, Fumitory, and Bistort root, of each half an ounce; the Troches of Spodium, and Amber, Terra Sigillata, and Salprunella, of each half a dracbm; Coral,  Hartshorn, and Bloudstone, of each one scruple, powder them; Conserve of Roses, and Quinces, of each two ounces, with the syrup of the juice of Plantain, make an Opiate, of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Nutmeg, five or six times in a day. To conclude, if it be inveterate let the peccant humour be diligently evacuated; and if it hath its original from the disaffection of any other part, as the Liver Spleen, Womb, Kidneys, &c: let that be considered and their Cures sought in their proper Chapters.   

CHAP. XX. Of the diseases of the Tongue.  
THe Tongue being the chief instrument of speech and taste, a very necessary (though unruly) member, it is not amiss if we consider, and briefly treat of the distempers incident to it, by which the actions are hindered. This member is subject to inflammation, and Tumours, which have their original either from pure, Choleric, Phlegmatic, or Melancholy blood. If pure blood cause the inflammation, there is pain felt with heat and redness of the Tongue, and face: and this is a true Flegmon. If the Tumour hath its original from Choler, then is it called Erisipelas; if from Phlegm, Oedema; if from Melancholy Schirrhus, all which may be discovered by the humour predominate, and shall be more plainly discovered in the next Book, where I shall treat of Tumours and their kinds. These Tumours are sometimes only troublesome, but do not oftentimes endanger life, except they grow so big, that the body is endangered by suffocation; or a malignant melancholy humour, do breed a Cancer, which may be discovered by its hardness, blueness, and pricking pain: you must begin the Cure with blood-letting, and (if you can come at it) open the Vein under the Tongue, afterwards if you see occasion, open a Vein in the Arm, and draw away as much blood, as the Patient's strength will permit. You must purge the humer with convenient purgatives, or administer a sharp Clyster: Some do draw back the humours by Cupping-glasses fastened to the shoulders, or a little one under the Chin. Cooling and repelling Gargarisms must be used, and you may prepare them thus. Take of the distilled water or decoction of Plantain, Nightshade, and Sorrell, of each four ounces; the syrrups of Mulberies, Pomegranates, and Lemons, of each one ounce; let the Patient often wash his Tongue; Zacutus Lusitanus commendeth the application of Horsleeches to the Tongue. If you find it inclinable to suppuration, you must help nature, for which purpose this Gargarism is good. Take Violet-leaves, Mallows, and Parsley, of each one handful, whole Barley four ounces; Figs, and Raisins, stoned, of each three ounces; the seed of Flax, and Fenugreek, of each one ounce: Spring water a quart, boil it to the Consumption of half, strain it, and add four ounces of the syrup of Jujubes; use it as the other before. When the humours are suppurate, if it break not, make incision, then cleanse it with Plantain water and Honey of Roses  
There is another Tumour under the Tongue, called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, by the Latines Ranula, because it representeth the hinder part of a Frog, also because they that are thus affected, when they speak do Croak like a Frog. This humour is a lose and soft carnosity under the Tongue, the tumour therein contained is sometimes hot, though for the most part it is cold, slimy, and pituitous matter, which when it is opened, is like the white of an Egg, sometimes mixed with yellow. This disease is not (for the most part) accounted dangerous, unless it be in a Child, or the humour be Cancrous. If nothing prohibit, you must begin the Cure with blood-letting, that so the humours may be the more obedient: you must likewise purge the peccant humours with discretion: than you may endeavour to dissolve and discuss the humour, thus, Take of green Mugwort, and Hyssop, of each one handful, Common Salt, and Salt Armoniac, of each two drachms: Galls one drachm, beat them well together, rub the place often with it. But if it submit not to this way of Cure, (as it seldom doth) you must open it with a large Orifice, and if you open it on both sides, it will be the better: Some commend a Cautery of iron; after you have opened it, squeeze out the matter with your finger, then wash it with White-Wine, and Honey of Roses: or thus, Take of White Wine, and Plantain water, of each two ounces; dissolve a drachm of Alum, then add twenty drops of the Oil of Sulphur, with an ounce of syrup of Mulberrys; make a Lotion, and wash the place till it be whole. Sometimes the Tongue suffereth a Palsy, by which it is deprived of its motion: Sometimes it followeth an Apoplexy, and sometimes it is joined with a Palsy, which afflicts half the body, sometimes it is only in the Tongue, when its nerves and moving Muscles are prejudiced by some moist or pituitous matter.  
Sometimes those Nerves may be cut, and the Palsy may follow; Avicen confirmeth this opinion, by an example in his time, of a certain man being cupped, and scarified, by which the small Nerve was cut, and caused a relaxation of the Tongue.  
If this Palsy follow an Apoplexy, and the other parts of the body be affected, and the Patient be old, it is incurable.  
If you have hopes of recovery, you must take away the Antecedent cause, lodged in the brain; and you must dissolve and discuss the conjunct cause, viz. the humours which obstruct the Nerves, and hinder the motion of the Tongue.  
If you see occasion, you may make use of Phlebotomy; it profiteth much to open a Vein under the Tongue: you may purge with Pills, or Cephalick Apozems, you may rarify the humours by sweeting drinks; cuppings, vesicatoryes, Cauteryes may be applied: for discussing and drawing forth of the humour, let Gargarisms, Masticatories, and Errhies be followed, for strengthening the brain, and dispersing offending humours therein contained; make use of Fumigations, Powders, and Quilts for the head; for the making and application of which, I refer you to the second Chapter of this Book.   

CHAP. XXI. Of the Diseases of the Teeth.  
THE Teeth also are subject to Distempers, viz. the ache, and foulness, and rottenness: The  is caused by a Flux of Humours, either hot or cold, which flow to the Membrane, Nerves, or to the substance of the Teeth: Sometimes Worms are bred in hollow and rotten Teeth, of an Excrementitious Humour, which causeth pain: sometimes Wind contained between the Cavity and the Nerve, doth cause pain. The External Causes are cold Air and South Winds: Likewise the debility of the part, as hollowness, or rottenness of the Teeth do sometimes cause pain.  
Every cause is known by its proper sign; for if a hot Humour falling upon the part be the cause, the pain is more violent, the Patient is sensible of heat, about the Teeth and Gums; hot Medicines encreasoth pain.  
Signs contrary to these, do declare the Humour peccant to be cold.  
If the cause be Worms, the pain is with intermission, and their motion may be felt. If Wind cause the pain, it is exceeding violent with sensible extension, yet quickly ending, after the use of discussing Medicines.  
If it be a hot Humour, that causeth the Toothache, it is good to open a Vein on the same side, by which the Humours are reveled; and though the Humour be cold, yet Phlebotomy may be needful, to revel the Defluxion, but it must be regulated according to the age and strength of the Patient.  
The next day you may purge the Humour that principally offendeth; Cupping is sometimes requisite, and f●r the most part Vesicatories to the Neck and behind the Ears, are successful to draw back the Humours.  
Astringent Medicines to the Temples are good to hinder the Defluxion; Of Plasters these are good, Emplastrum de Mastiche, ad Herniam, and Gum Elemi, spread and applied to the Temples, and behind the Ears.  
Riverius commendeth the Root of Comfry, bruised and applied as before, to hinder the Defluxion.  
Riverius, Physician to Henry the Great, commendeth this Plaster; Take of Cyprus Nuts, Red Roses, Mustard seed torrified, Mastich, and Terra Sigillata, of each one drachm and an half: Steep them in Vinegar of Roses twenty four hours, and then dry them; Opium three drachms, dissolved in Aqua Vitae; Pitch, and Colophonia, of each one drachm; Yellow Wax, melted in the expressed Oils of Henbane, and White Poppy, as much as is sufficient to make an Emplaster, which must be applied as before.  
The Oil of Bitter Almonds, or Vinegar, put into the Ear, is good to stay the Defluxion, if it proceed from a hot cause.  
If the Humours be cold, put the Oil of Rue, or a Clove of Garlic into the Ear, and wash the Teeth with Red Wine, wherein is boiled the Roots of Bistort, Cinquefoil, Tormentil, the Leaves of Vervain, Penyroyal, and Galls, and anoint the Checks, or the Check on the same side, with the Oils of Camomel, Rue, or Roses, to assuage the pa●n.  
If the  come from a hot cause, boil the Leaves of Henbane, spotted Arsmart, Housleek, and Nettle Roots, in Vinegar, and wash the Teeth; and to assuage pain, anoint the Checks with the Oil of Lilies, Roses, sweet Almonds: Or you may make a Cataplasm, with Barley and Bean Meal, the juice of Housleek, and Milk, and the aforesaid Oils; and if you add a small quantity of Opium to it, it will not be amiss.  
But take this Caution, that if the Checks be swelled, beware how you apply Cataplasms, lest the Humours be repelled, and do fall into the Throat.  
Many find ease by Masticatories, by which they draw much Rheum from the Teeth; Take of Mastic, and Pellitory of Spain, of each a drachm; the Seed of Henbane, Satuesacre, and Pepper, of each half a drachm: Powder them, and sew them up in Linen bags, like little Balls, and chew them.  
If the Teeth be hollow, the Oils of Cloves, Camphire, Tobacco, Box, and of Hazel Nuts, are good, if a little Lint, dipped in any of them, be put into the hollow Tooth.  
If the pain cease not, add Laudanum, and Opium; for sometimes Narcoticks, by stupefaction, do give ease, when other means have failed. Sometimes all Medicines can do no good, till the Nerve in the hollow Tooth be burned with an actual Cautery. This may be done with Aqua Fortis, or safer with Oil of Vitriol; but be well advised, before you operate with things of this Nature.  
If Worms be in the Hollow Tooth, Take of Aloes two scruples, Camphire one scruple, Aqua Vitae one scruple, the Oil of Vitriol, and Tobacco, of each three drops; mix them, and with Lint dipped in it, apply it.  
If all the Medicines prescribed take not away the pain of the Hollow Teeth you must draw it out; but beware of drawing Teeth, when the Defluxion is great, the Head acheth, or the Gums swell: Draw not a Tooth violently, lest you injure the Jaw bone, or cause a Flux of blood, which may prove dangerous; but if such a thing should happen, and the blood not easy to be staunched, you must apply Burnt Vitriol to the Gum, and dip Lint in Vinegar, and lay thereon; or if you see cause, you must burn the Nerve with an actual Cautery.  
Many people have their Teeth disfigured, by black or yellow Humours cleaving to them, which in time make them rotten: this is caused sometimes by a Defluxion of Humours into the Teeth, by Distempers of the Stomach, and evil nourishment thence arising:  
Sometimes the Scurvy is the cause: For the cure it is requifite, that the antecedent 'cause be removed, by purging and other Remedies; and that things, that corrupt the Teeth be abstained from, especially things that are sweet. Many are the Medicines prescribed to make the seethe white; as Coral, White and Red, powdered, Tobacco Ashes, and the Ashes of Vine Branche, burnt,  Alum, and many more: that which I have found to be the most excellent, is the Oil of Vitaiol, mixed with Spring Water, and the Teeth washed therewith: some say the Oil of Sulphur hath the same virtue.   

CHAP. XXII. Of the Diseases of the Gums.  
SOmetimes sharp and corroding humours, flowing from the Brain, or occasioned by some Disease of the Stomach, Liver, or Spleen, may cause an Erosion, or exulceration of the Gums: this Disease is easily known; you must purge the humour offending, and if the cause be in the Liver, Spleen, etc. you must endeavour to remove it: the Flux must be diverted from the part affected, by convenient Revulsions:  
Then you must apply Topical Medicines, that are astringent and drying: Take of Acorn cups, Galls, and Alum, of each one drachm: Sanguis Draconis, Burnt Hartshorn, Red-Roses, of each two scruples; Sugar-candy, Tobacco-ashes, and Myrrh, of each one scruple, powder them all: the white of one Egg, beaten to water, with as much honey as sufficeth to make it into the form of a soft Ointment; spread it upon a Rag, and apply it. The Oil of Vitriol, or Sulphur, mentioned in the former Chapter, may be here applied, as there described; or a few drops, mixed with the aforegoing medicine. Sometimes a fleshy excressence is generated upon the Gum, and in time groweth so big, that it hindereth the speech; Fernelius saith, that it hath its original from an Ulcer not well healed: see Fern. lib. 7. pag. 340. Sometimes it groweth to a Cancer: It must be taken off by a careful and well-skilled Chirurgeon, and afterwards burnt with a Cautery or the Oil of Vitriol.  
Some cure it thus, after purging, and sufficient revulsions to divert the defluxion of humours, they tie a double thread about it, close to the Gum, so straight, that in time it falleth off; then use your Cautery as before, to prevent its growth again.   

CHAP. XXIII. Of the Ulcers of the mouth.  
IN the upper part of the mouth, there are certain Ulcers bred, called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, we call it Trush, vulgarly Thrush; it is most common to children, presently after they are born, caused by the sharpness of the milk, or by reason of the milk corrupting in the Stomach, for want of good digesture; sometimes they happen to men of ripe years: they are more or less dangerous, as they exceed in quantity or quality: their bigness may be discovered by the Eye; also how deep, and putrid they be: their colour declareth the quality of the humour, which is the cause of them. It Phlegm be the cause, the Trush is white, and easily cured. If yellow, Choler is the cause, and 'tis harder to cure. If red, Blood predominateth. If black, Melancholy is the cause, and 'tis the worst and hardest to cure. It cometh sometimes by reason of a foul Disease in the body, or when the Patient hath got the French Pox. For the Cure, if it be in Children, you must wash the mouth often with Plantain water, and Syrup of Mulberries, or dried Roses: if you find that too weak, add some Alum to it: Let the Nurse eat such things as are cooling and drying; as Pears, Meddlers, and Services, Marmalade of Quinces is very good in this case; let her likewise make use of Lettuce, Purslane, and other cooling herbs: and if need require, let her bleed and purge. If your Patient be a man, and the Disease be stronger, and more violent; after the use of mild medicines, you must proceed higher: If he hath the French Pox, he must be freed from that, or else you labour in vain. Generally, you must consider what humour offendeth, and purge that; you must bleed, and use such revulsions as necessity calls for. Then you must make a decoction of Plantain, Bramble, Violet, and Strawberry leaves, Pomegranate flowers, etc. add Alum, and the Syrups before mentioned, and wash the mouth with it: if you find that it healeth not, dip a little Lint in Oil of Vitriol, and often touch it. If there be an inflammation, add to the before mentioned decoction, the juice of Purslane, Housseek, and Nightshade; or the Mucilage of Quince-seeds, or the emulsion of the cold seeds. If you find an extraordinary defluxion, and your Patiented want sleep, administer Laudanum; the Dose regulated according to the age, and strength of your Patient.   

CHAP. XXIIII. Of a lose Columella, and the inflammation thereof, and diseases of the Tonsils.  
The Columella, or the Uuula, is relaxed or loosened by a waterish humour falling upon it, which doth so moisten and soften it, that it is extended to the upper part of the Weazand, and causeth a Nauseousness, and the Patient often striveth to swallow it, by which it may be known, as also by looking into the mouth. You must make use of such Evacuations, Revulsions, Derivers, & Repellers, as are prescribed in the ninth Chapter of a Catarrh. And you must make use of Gargarisms which restrain and dry. Take of Plantain, Purslane, and Shepherd's purse, of each one handful, Cyprus nuts, Pomegranate flowers, and Red roses of each one ounce; Galls and Alum, of each one drachm: boil them in a quart of Spring water, to the consumption of half: strain it out, and add to it, Bolearmenick a drachm; Syrup of Mulberies, and Honey of Roses, of each one ounce; gargarise the mouth therewith. Powders are better, which have an astringent and drying property: Take the Roots of Bistort, flowerdeluce, and Tormentil, the Flowers of Pomegranates, and Red Roses, of each half an ounce:  Alum, and long Pepper, of each one scruple: make them into fine powder, and (depressing the tongue) blow it upon the Uuula. If this doth not perfect the cure, the superfluity must be cut off; this operation must be performed very warily; for if you cut too much, it will be prejudicial to the speech: if there be an inflammation in the Columella, you must extenuate such accidents, before you cut it, lest a greater inflammation follow, or a flux of blood: if the Uuula be greater at the bottom than it is at the top, than it is fit and safer to cut. If the Uuula be only inflamed, you must make use of such medicines as are prescribed for the cure of the inflammation of the tongue.  
There are other distempers of the throat, viz. the inflammation and Ulcers of the tonsils or Almonds of the throat, occasioned by a defluxion of crude, Phlegmatic and Viscid humours, mixed with blood; or by excessive drinking of wine, or strong liquors or by a greedy devouring of meat: they who are thus afflicted, swallow with much difficulty, and pain: and many times have a Fever. For the cure, administer a cooling Clyster, open the Vein under the tongue; and if blood abound, open the Cephalick-Vein in the arm: use all other convenient revulsions. Then make a Cataplasm of Barley meal, the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek, and the Leaves of Mallows bruised, with new Milk sufficient: and apply it to the throat. Then use astringent Gangarisms, you have examples enough in the foregoing Chapters. If the inflammation increaseth; and the pain be sharp and vehement in the Evening, then expect suppuration: than you must surther it, by gargarising with a decoction made of Hyssop, Figs, and the Seeds of Marsh mallows; or with aquamulla. When it is perfectly rotten, squeeze it gently that the matter may run forth, or else open it with a sharp instrument, and let the Patient hold his head down, that the matter may the better run out: then wash it again with aquamulsa, till it be healed. For the cure of the Ulcers of the Tonsils, you must observe the same rules, prescribed for the cure of the Ulcers of the mouth.   

CHAP. XXV. Of the Quinsy.  
ANgina, or the Quinsy is a disease of the Jaws and Throat, by which breathing and Swallowing are hindered, without defect of the breast and Lungs: there are two sorts of Quinzyes, Legitimate and Bastard: Legitimate Quinzy is accompanied with a fever, and inflammation of the part; which Galen, and the ancient Greeks', have divided into four sorts: the first they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when the inflammation is in the inward & proper Muscles of the Larynx: the second they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, & the outward Muscles of the Larynx are in flammed: the third, they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and the interior muscles of the pharynx are inflamed: the last they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because the exerior muscles of the Jaws are inflamed; a Bastard Angina or Quinzy cometh without a fever.  
The cause of the first, is blood either pure or mixed with Choler, phlegm, or melancholy; flowing from the head to the jugular veins: the cause of the Bastard Angina is caused by much phlegm falling into the jugular veins, and by its glewinesse obstructing the passage of the spirits; or by a Tumour in the Vertebrae of the neck, caused by a deflux of cold phlegm removing the Vertebrae from its proper seat or causing a luxation thereof, by loosening their Nerves, and making them slippery between the joints: or lastly this may happen by some fall or stroke or some external cause.  
The Legitimate Quinzy may be known by the difficult swallowing and breathing, without fault of the breast or Lungs; pain about the Jaws and threat, rednesse heat and a fever: their sorts may be distinguished by their proper signs. In the first, there is great hindrance of respiration, the patiented is almost strangled, cannot breathe except he open his mouth and hold his neck straight. In the second, there is less difficulty of breathing but greater of swallowing, especially of drink which flieth out at the nose. In the third, there is some red tumour about the Jaws, less difiulty of breathing, then in the first, but more than in the second. The last doth hinder the breath but little, or not at all, the outward parts of the neck are red and painful.  
The bastard Angina may be known by the abundance of phlegm, and humours flowing to the mouth: If it comes by Luxation, the motion of the head and neck is hurt, and a preternatural cavity appeareth in the neck: I shall not need, to spend time, to show the signs of every distinct humour predominating: reason, or other parts of this book will inform you.  
A Legitimate Quinzy is an acute disease, and very dangerous, for want of freedom in respiration; therefore the first is worst, and the patiented in most danger of strangling: the other are more or less dangerous as they more or less hinder respiration. If the matter fall upon the Lungs, or the swelling vanish away, without critical or artificial Evacuation, it is very dangerous, and for the most part deadly. If the patiented foam at the mouth, it is a sign of death saith Hypocrates in his 43 Aphorism, because it is a sign of straightness and violent heat about the heart, which squeezeth the moisture out of the Lungs, and sendeth it to the mouth in a foam.  
Every Quinzy requireth a hasty and speedy cure, for it sometimes killeth in one day: read Fernelius Lib: 5 pag. 284. Let the physician open the Cephalick Vein, and, if the body be naturally plethoric, and blood the cause of the disease, draw as much as the Patient's strength will bear, and reiterate Phlebotomy, according as necessity requireth: give a Glister first, or after, or both, or as often as need requireth; you must speedily make use of other revulsions, as cupping glasses with scarification to the shoulders, vesicatories, frictions, and ligatures to the lower parts; purges must be administered, and if you find the case desperate, you need not Question the time of the day: Trallianus reporteth that he was forced to open a Vein, and to purge the same day, or else his Patient had been strangled. To derive the humour from the part, it is good to open the Veins under the tongue, called Ranulae. If the ease be desperate, open the jugular Vein, and if the blood cannot be stopped, make use of Galens Emplaster, against a flux of blood. You must make use of Gargarisms, which have power to allay the inflammation, & somewhat to repel. Take the leaves of Plantain, Nightshade, Woodbine, Strawberry, and Cinqueoil, of each one handful: the flowers of red roses, and pomegranates, of each one pugil: boil them in a quart of running water to a pint, Strain it and add four ounces of Syrup of Mulberries. But beware lest repelling medicines drive the matter to the Lungs. The oil of Vitriol mixed with water, sufficient to allay its sharpness, often taken, is good to allay the inflammation of the stomach, Liver, and veins, also the parts inflamed in this distemper. Then you must apply loosening and resolving Liniments, adding such things as easeth pain. Take of the juice of Mallows, Chamomel, and Orpine, of each two ounces, the oil of Chamomel, sweet Almonds, and Lilies, of each one ounce: hens grease and frisk Buter, of each three ounces, boil it to the Consumption of the juices and make a Lineament. You must apply such things as have power to dissolve, among those which have a peculiar property against the Quinzy, as Riverius teacheth: Take of a Swallows nest and Album graecum of each one drachm, powder them: flowerdeluce roots, and Chamomel, of each half a drachm: Hens grease and oil of Lillys of each one ounce, yellow wax a little, make a Lineament. Orpine hath a peculiar faculty against the Quinzy, if the bruised herb be outwardly applied, and the juice sweetened with honey often swallowed. Let us not forget the old and vulgar medicine viz. album graecum and honey mixed, and administered like a Lohock. For sqeemish stomaches, or such as delight in dearer medicines, you may prepare this lohock; Take of Species Diatraganthum frigidum, and diapenidion, of each one ounce: Lohock Epinis, et Sanum et Expertum, of each half an ounce: mix them, and with the Syrups of Mulberries and Jujubes sufficient, make a lohock, and take as before. If it tend to Suppuration, make use of the first Lineament, prescribed in this Chapter: Cassia newly drawn held in the mouth and gently swallowed, easeth pain, and maturateth the humours: when it is ripe and will not easily break, you must open it with a crooked incision-knife: or drop a little oil of Vitriol upon it, when it is open, let the Patient hold down his head, that the matter may run forth; then wash it often with barley water, and honey of roses.   

CHAP. XXVI. Of the Asthma.  
Asthma is a difficulty and shortness of breathing, which cometh from the stuffing of the Lungs, and the obstruction of the Bronchion, or gristles of the wind pipe, and is naturally with out a fever; yet sometimes it may be joined therewith. This disease is divided into three sorts, the first is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: this is a difficulty of breathing, caused by the stuffing of the substance of the Lungs, and not the gristles, and is not accompanied with snorting, and this is the least of the three. The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, when the bronchia of the Lungs are filled with phlegm and do make a great noise, with snorting and wheezing, in which the Diaphragma, and the intercostal muscles between the ribs, and the Abdomen are violently moved. The third is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in which the Patient fetcheth his breath with much difficulty, with his neck stretched upright; the aforesaid Muscles, together with the Muscles of the breast and shoulders violently moved. This disease is caused for the most part from phlegm, which falleth from the head into the Lungs, and obstructeth the windpipe: sometimes humours brought thither by Arteria Venosa, flow to the Bronchia, and causeth Asthma with snorting: but if they fall into the substance themselves, or into the smooth arteries, it causeth an Asthma without snothing. There needeth no more signs for the discovery of this disease, then what may be gathered from its description. As to the prognostic, I say; that this disease is Chronical & hard to be cured, unless the Patient be young and of a strong Constitution: if a child hath this disease, if it be not speedily removed, it dieth of a Catarth. In men, it ends in Chachexia or the dropsy. If it turn to a pleurisy, or peripneumonia, it is deadly.  
You may begin the cure with blood-letting if the body be plethoric or Corpulent, for when the Veins are empty of blood the respiration is free. But you must beware of phlebotomy in such bodies, where you fear diminishing the natural heat, lest phlegm increase. You may openthe Saphaena, or ancle-Vein without danger; you must, in the next place, purge the head of Phlegmatic humours, which are prescribed in the second Chapter of this Book. It oftentimes hath been proved that vomiting is good in this case, that the stomach may be emptied of phlegm and thick vapours, which puffing up the stomach compresseth the diaphragma, and causeth difficulty of breathing: one ounce of Tobacco water, sweetened with Sugar, will cleanse the stomach by vomit. Let the Physician be careful how he administereth vomits to weak people. Sharp Glisters are good in this disease, for revulsion; but let them be given in small quantities, lest the fullness of the Bowels, compress the diaphragma. The Patient must make use of such things as extenuate, and make thin the humours, Take of Coltsfoot-water two ounces, Cinnamon water one ounce: with an ounce of Oximel Simplex, and take it in the morning. Then let him make use of such as have an Expectorating quality: Take of the powder Diatraganthum Frigidum, the powder of Liquorish, and Colt's soot; of each one drachm; the roots of Elecampane, and Marsh mallows Candied, Conserve of roses and Violets of each half a drachm, the flower of Brimstone, and Sugar Candy, of each a scruple, with oil of sweet Almonds, (newly drawn) and Syrup of Maidenhair; make a Lohock. And let the Patient take the quantity of a Nutmeg, Morning and Evening; and half so much every two hours: this I have often given with good success. In the extremity of the Fit rub the breast with a cloth to open the pores, & then anoint it with this following ointment. Take of the Oil of Chamomel, Dill, Rew, and sweet Almonds of each two drachms; the Roots of Elecampane, and Flowerdeluce in powder, of each one drachm: the meal of flax-seed and Fenugreek a drachm; Saffron one scruple with wax sufficient; make an ointment. Out of the fit, to perfect the cure, you must endeavour to stop the defluxion, and to cleanse the Lungs. For the first you may find sefficient remedies, in the ninth Chapter of this book, adding such which respect the breast, to them: Let your medicines not be too drying, lest they thicken the humours and increase the disease. Then you must endeavour to unstuffe and cleanse the Lungs and wind pipe, with the before named Lohock, or of the like nature. I could insert many which I omit for brevity sake. Quercetanus his Syrup of Tobacco is very good: the Tincture of dried Tobacco, as much as a pease held in the mouth, and swallowed by degrees, draweth abundance of phlegm out of the stomach and Lungs: or if you take Tobacco in a pipe, it is good. The juice of red Coleworts made up into a Syrup and a little Spirit of Sulphur added to it, may be taken, an ounce in the Morning. Or you may make Tablets of great virtue thus: Take of the Roots of Elecampane and Liquorish, of each one ounce: the Leaves of Colt's foot, Maiden hair, Scabius, and Woodbetony, of each a drachm: Lac Sulphuris two drams, Saffron two scruples; make them all into fine Powder, and with the Mucilage of Gum Traganth made with Coltsfoot water, make Tablets, which let the Patient hold in his mouth often. Platerus highly commendeth the preparation of a Cock thus. Take an old Cock, kill, pull, and draw him: stuff him with these things following: Fox Lungs fresh, or prepared, one ounce, Raisins stoned, and figs, of each two ounces; Elecampane one dram: Hyssop, Savory, Horchound, Thyme, Calaminth, Peneroyal, dried, of each one drachm: The Seeds of Fenel, and anise, of each one drachm: Carthamas Seeds bruised, and the Roots of Polypody, of each half an ounce: White Tartar one drachm: Salt, half an ounce: the Yolks of two Eggs, Fresh Butter, half an ounce: Cut and bruise them according to the precepts of Pharmacy, and few them up into the Belly of the Cock; boil him (in a large Vessel, and so much water as will cover him, and no more) till his flesh come off from his bones: strain it, and add to every ten Pints, one Pound of Honey, that it may not quickly corrupt: let the Asthmatick person take a Porringer full every morning, in which dissolve of Manna and Cassia newly drawn, of each half an ounce. It will be the better, if presently after he take a dram of Venus Turpetine with penids in form of a Bolus or otherwise. The Patient may continue taking this Cock-broath a Month, or longer.   

CHAP. XXVII. Of the Pleurisy, and inflammation of the Lungs.  

A Pleurisy is an inflammation of the Membrane Pleura, and the internal intercostal muscles, girding the sides within, the Greeks call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and the Latins also Pleuritis. The matter causing this disease, for the most part is Choleric blood, which doth easily penetrate the Membrane; but seeing other humours may cause it; it is either Sanguineous, Choleric, Phlegmatic, or Melancholic: but what ever the humour offending be, Choler it hath for its Vehicle. The signs of a Pleurisy (according to Galen) are five: first a pricking pain of the side; caused by a Choleric humour in the Membrane, extending itself, either towards the throat, or the Hypochondria. Secondly a continual sharp Fever, which is either Symptomatical, coming from some Sangnineous Tumour about the part; or essential, that is, when a Fever first invadeth the Patient, and the boiling blood is expelled to those parts. Thirdly, difficulty of breathing, because th● heart being inflamed, as well as the rest, greedily desireth refreshment; and he parts inflamed cannot sufficiently distend themselves, to draw in the cold air. Fourthly, a hard Pulse like a Saw; which is caused by the stretching out of the Membrane, by which defect the Arteries are distended. Fifthly and lastly, an often and troublesome Cough; because nature doth strive to expel those troublesome humours from the part affected; also some of the matter sweateth from thence into the Lungs, which causeth a Cough. I might here add another sign viz. spitting of blood or bloody matter, but because it happeneth not in all Pleurisies, nor at all times, I omit it. You may partly judge of the humour peceant by the constitution of the Patient, and season of the Year. The particular signs are first of blood, bloody spittle, stretching and pricking pains, full Veins especially about the Temples, red Urine, and the like. Signs of Choler are, yellow spittle, a burning Fever, a hard and quick pulse, the pain more acute and pricking, restlessness, bitterness of the mouth, and yellow Urine. The signs that show Phlegm, are, much, sweet, and frothy Spittle, the Fever remiss, little thirst, the pain heavy but not violent, the pulse not so hard, the Urine white and thick, the Spittle black and tough, the pain and Fever moderate, a dry Cough, the tongue black and rough; the belly bound, the Urine red and dark, are signs of Melancholy. As to the prognostic I say. This disease afflicting old men, women with child, Asthmatical persons, or such as have had it often, is dangerous. If the Fever be violent, the breath fetched with dissiculty, the Cough raiseth up no matter; or the Spittle very bloody, or very white, and glutinating, green, tustick black; much Spitting and yet the pain abates not; the spitting cease and the pain continue; all these are dangerous signs. On the contrary plentiful vomiting, Choler in the beginning of the disease; blood or Choler mixed with the spittle etc. are good signs.  
The Cure of a Pleurisy, consists in the revelling, Deriving, discussing, digesting, maturating, and expectorating the peccant humours: if the Fever be essential, seek its cure in its proper place. Bleeding is a very natural remedy for a Pleurisy, which you must moderate, according to the constitution and strength of your Patient; and the violent or remiss, symptoms. If your Patiented spit freely, forbear blood-letting, lest his spitting be stayed, and his life endangered. Twice or thrice in a day, or oftener, as you see occasion, administer cooling Juleps, to restrain the heat of the boiling humours: make a julep of Poppy water and Syrup of Violets. After bleeding prepare a fomentation. Take of Mallows, Violet leaves, Chamomel, Pellitory of the wall, of each one handful, the roots of Marsh mallows, and Lilies of each four ounces, the seeds of Flax, Commin, and Fenugreek, of each one drachm; boil them well, and put them, with the liquor into a hog's bladder and foment the side, afterwards anoint it with this following Lineament: Take of Fresh butter and Hen's grease of each two ounces, the Oils of Chamomel, Lillys, Dill, and sweet Almonds of each half an ounce: The Chemical oil of wax a scruple, mix them and make a Lineament: some slit a live-Hen and apply it: some the Lungs or the paunch of a sheep hot: others apply hot bread, out of the Oven, dipped in Butter. Then you may make an Emulsion, of blanched Almonds, and the great, cold seeds, thus: Take of Almonds blanched and steeped in Coltsfoot water, one ounce; the four great cold seeds of each half an ounce; the seeds of Lettuce and white Poppy of each one drachm: beat them in a Marble mortar, pouring on by degrees, the decoction of Barley, Liquorish and Plantain, a Pint and an half: strain it out, and dissolve Syrup of Jujubes, two ounces; Syrup of Violets one ounce: make an Emulsion for three doses, give it Morning and Evening. If his Cough be violent let him always have in his mouth, Sugar of Roses, Sugar Candy or penids, or the Tablets of Diatraganthum Frigidum, or with Syrup of Violets and Jujubes you may make it into the form of an Celegma or Lohock. If his spittle be thick and tough, add Oxymel Simplex, or the Syrups of Liquoris, or Coltsfoot. Let his constant drink be Barley water, boil it in Currans, borage and Bugloss Flowers, Hartshorne, Maidenhair, Coltsfoot, Liquoris and such like, give it warm. You must not purge in this disease, till the declination thereof, and then use a gentle potion. Many medicines there are proper and special for a Pleurisy: as Stone-horse dung, or White-hens dung, soaked in Carduus water, and strained, give a quarter of a pint; this hath a piercing and discussing quality, (by reason of the volatile salt in it) and doth wonderfully disperse the humours in the Pleurisy. An Apple, made hollow, and a dram of Frankincense put therein and roasted, given to the sick, drinking three ounces of Carduus Water after it and laid to sweat, is good, saith Quercetan. Goat's Blood also is good. If the Sick fall into a looseness in the height of this Disease, it is very dangerous: in the declination it is good: but if it so happen, give him the Syrup of Myrtles; and do as you are taught in the Cure of Diarrhaea.   

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Or  
The inflammation of the Lungs, is a disease, not much different in the causes, or signs from a Pleurisy; but only in the part affected. Sometimes this Peripneumonia cometh alone, and sometimes followeth another Disease: as the Quinzy or Pleurisit, which is a dangerous Symptom: on the contrary, if a Pleurisy follow the inflammation of the Lungs, it is a hopeful Symptom. This Disease is more dangerous than a Pleurisy, and for the most part deadly, by reason of want of respiration, and the nearness of the heart. The cure is the same with the Pleurisy, therefore I shall say no more of it.    

CHAP. XXVIII. Of Empyema.  
EMpyema, (〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉) or a Collection of matter in the Cavity of the Thorax, is a Disease, which for the most part followeth a Pleurisy, and Peripneumonia, and sometimes a Quinzy, when they are not carefully cured; and the inflammation cometh to Suppuration; and when the Imposthume breaketh, the matter falleth into the cavity of the breast. Sometimes blood falling into the Thorax, by the breaking or wounding of a Vein, may come to Suppuration, or rather Corruption. Sometimes, phlegm falleth from the head and other parts into the breast, and there putrifying, begetteth matter like quitter. The signs of Suppuration beginning, according to Hypocrates, are these: First the Pleurisy being not purged the Fever increaseth while the matter is turning into Pus.  
Secondly the sharpness of the matter touching the Membranes, causeth quaking; the Third, is weight and sense of heaviness in the part. To these we may add the difficulty of breathing; for although when the Imposthume is broken, the Diaphragma, and the Muscles of the Thorax, move more freely; yet the Lungs are oppressed by the matter lying, about them. But an old and confirmed Empyema is known, by a lingering, putrid and partly Hectic Fever, more violent towards night, and much sweeting, a constant troublesome Cough; the Cheeks grow Red, the Eyes hollow, the legs swell, Pustles break out on the breast. If the Suppuration break, and the Fever continueth, are thirsty, want appetite, the pus green, livid or frothy, brought up with much difficulty, and a lose belly; all these are signs of Death, or of long sickness: the contrary are the signs of recovery. They who in this condition do lift up the whole breast, when they breathe, by reason of the matter contained, are quickly choked.  
If the matter be not spit forth in forty days, it turneth to a Consumption and death followeth. The Supuration on both sides is more dangerous than that of one: that on the left side the worst, by reason of the left Ventricle of the heart. If the matter flow plentifully by Stool and Urine, and the Patiented strong and hearty, it is a sign of recovery.  
For the Cure: you must endeavour to help nature in Suppurating the humours, if Suppuration cannot be hindered, by this or the like Cataplasm: Take of Chamomel, Melilot, and Mallows, of each one handful; the Roors of Althaea; one handful: Figs, and Raisins stoned, of each four ounces: after due boiling, beat, and strain them, adding to the Liquor, the Oils of sweet Almonds, Lilies, and Fresh Butter, of each one ounce; with the Meal of Wheat, Fenugreek, and Flax Seed, sufficient, make a Cataplasm, and apply it. In the mean time let the Patient take of this Lohock: Take of the Conserve of the Flower of Bugless, Violets, and Roses, of each one ounce; Maidenhair, Liquorish, and Coltsfoot, of each one ounce: Oil of Sweet Almonds, newly drawn, one ounce, Sugar Candy, one ounce: Powder what is to be Powdered, and with Syrup of Liquorish, or Colt's foot sufficient make a Lohock; and let the Patient take thereof often. Venice Turpentine washed, and with Liquorish powder made up into Pills, are good to maturate, discuss and cleanse: give three drachms in the Morning. But if the matter will not be spit up, you must open it between the fourth and fifth Rib; and apply a Plaster to draw out the matter, giving the Patiented a Wound-drink in the mean time: If you desire particular direction herein, read Hieronymus Fabricius ab aqua pendente, in Libro de operationibus Chirurgicis.   

CHAP. XXIX. Of spitting of Blood.  
Sputum Sanguinis or spitting of Blood, called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, is an unnatural Flux of Blood, from the vital parts, viz. the breast, Lungs, and Aspera Arteria. The Immediate cause is Organical, or common; the Organical twofold, either the opening of the Vessels called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or Rarefaction, called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The common Disease is twofold also, as the breaking of the Vessels called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the Erosion of them called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Blood offending in quantity or quality may be the cause of opening, rarifying, breaking or Corroding of the Vessels. To be further satisfied therein, Ipray you have recourse to the nineteenth Chapter: of Bleeding at the nose. Some external cause, as Fall, Wound, or the like, may be the cause of Haemoptysis: Immoderate Cold may be the cause, by hardening the Tunicles that they cannot be extended. It is very difficult to judge of the part from whence it cometh. If it comes from the head, it is cast forth by Coughing, hawking, and there is a tickling in the , as in a Catarrh. That which comes from the breast and Lungs, causeth Coughing: that which comes from the Lungs is Frothy; that which comes from the breast is Blackish, and cometh up with pain. That which comes from the Gullet and Stomach, is known by Vomiting; from the Jaws and Weazand, by Hawking; from the Mouth, by simple spitting. Sometimes the Blood is sent from some other part to the Lungs and spit forth: but this may be known by pain, or some hurt happened there. You must judge of the signs from the quantity or quality of the Blood: the Nineteenth Chapter will instruct you.  
To the Prognostic; Hypocrates saith, that what kind of Blood soever is spit from any of the inferior parts is evil, for every opening of a Vessel, which letteth out Blood is dangerous, especially in the Lungs. But sometimes it happeneth without hurt, when nature critically doth evacuate superfluous Blood that way: as it is seen sometimes in women, who have their courses stopped.  
You must begin the cure with Blood-letting; open a Vein on the same side, you judge the distemper to be. If there be obstruction of the Terms, open the Saphaena: If your Patient is subject to the Hemorrhoids, Bleed with Leeches. Cupping or other Revulsions you may use, if occasion be. Then purge Choler, which causeth the Blood to be thin and fluid, with Rhubarb, Mirabolans, and the like: Then give Medicines a stringent to close the Orifice of the Vessels: but at the first give such things with them, which have an expectorating quality, lest Blood in the breast, or other parts, out of the proper Vessels should be coagulated; Take of Conserve of Roses, and the juice of Purslane of each two ounces. Sugar of Roses one ounce, Red Coral, Bloodstone, Bolearmenick, and Terra Sigillata, of each half a dram: Troches of Amber, a scruple: the Oil of Vitriol six drops: with the Whites of eggs beaten to Water, make a Lohock, of which let the Patient lick often, especially Night and Morning. Quercetan prescribeth a Water, excellent against spitting of Blood; see the fourth part of this Treatise, among Distilled Waters. The Chemical Oil of Amber, two or three drops, hath an excellent astringing quality, take it in the Distilled Water of Knorgrass, or Plantain, or the like: so you may take, or give half a drachm of Sanguis Draconis; or the Blood stone alone finely powdered out two scruples, Opium, Laudanum; Philonium, Romanum, and Persicum: These and such like may be given, provided, the dose be regulated by an able brain: the juice of Nettles drunk four or five ounces in the Morning, hath prevailed when all other have failed, saith Amatus Lucitanus. If by the use of Astringent medicines, your Patient be costive, give a Clyster or purge, that leaves an Astringency behind it; and if the use of Astringents hinder spitting, mix those things, which do not only stop Blood, but mollify the breast also; such are the juices of Plantain, Purslane; the Syrups of dried Roses, Quinces, Myrtles, and of jujubes, Gum Arabic, Traganth, and Starch, and such like. If Blood be congealed in the breast, endeavour to dissolve it, by administering six ounces of Oxycrate, three times a day; if it cause Coughing, sweeten it with Sugar or Sugar Candy. Apply this cooling Epithem, to allay the heat of the Liver, if you see occasion: Take of the Water of Rose, Plantain, and Succory, of each four ounces: Vinegar of Roses two ounces: of the powder called Diatrion, Santalen, a drachm, and an half; Camphire one scruple, make an Epitheme & apply it warm to the Liver; afterwards anoint with unguentum Rosarum, and Rose Vinegar. Anoint the reins with Oil of Roses, and Water Lillys: and the Testicles, with Oxycrate. If a Defluxion of sharp humours, from the head unto the Lungs, be the cause of the Disease, seek the cure in the ninth Chapter. When the Blood is staunched, let your Patient avoid all things, that may cause a return thereof; as Salt, and spiced meats, rich Wines, great heat, anger, and violent exercise. If you judge him inclinable to the Distemper, by reason of thin Choleric humours, mixed with the Blood, purge those humours, at the Spring and Fall.   

CHAP. XXXI. Of the Consumption or Ptisick.  
This Disease is called in Latin Tabes, and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which although it signifieth every Consumption, yet is most properly taken for the extenuation of the whole Body, caused by an Ulcer in the Lungs. An Ulcer in the Lungs, by reason of its nearness to the heart, afflicts it with putrid vapours; the heart disperseth it into all parts; hence cometh a Fever hectic joined with a putrid; and by its unnatural heat, does hinder the well concocting of nourishment, hence the whole Body decayeth. Sometimes sharp corroding and Salt humours falling from the head, or the Suppurated humours from the Pleurisy, or Empyema, which humours putrifying upon the Lungs may Ulcerate them. Many times the cause is in the Lungs themselves, which have a vicious, hereditary constitution naturally tender, and disposed to corruption. Sometimes a Pustule is bred in the Lungs, and never breaketh, but groweth till it stop the passage of the breath, and killeth the Patient. Sometimes it cometh to Suppuration and is called the Imposthume of the Lungs: which being broken, and flowing to the Bronchia, or passages in the Lungs, it may be spit up, if the body be strong and the matter little in quantity: but many times an Ulcer remaineth, which causeth a Consumption. If the Impostumated matter flow into the Ventricle of the heart, the sick dye suddenly; and many times insensible of any pain or sickness: take examples from Fernelius lib. 5. de partium morbis et Sympt. Chapter. 10: Pag. 288. To the causes of this Disease, here mentioned, you may add all the causes mentioned in the ninth Chapter: of Defluxions. Hypocrates mentioneth many more kinds of Consumptions, too tedious for me to insert in this Volume: as those proceeding from nocturnal pollutions, the running of the Reins; also the obstruction of the Nerves, or the flowing of Choler to the Back, so, of nourishment, or drying causeth a Consumption: likewise a Distillation from the head to the Marrow on the back, may be the cause, as Hypocrates faith; when a Defluxion falleth upon the Spinal Marrow, there is a secret, and undisernable Consumption. Sometimes it hath its original from hunger, and want of nourishment. Sometimes when the Meseraick Veins are obstructed, that the Chylus Concocted in the stomach, cannot pass to the Liver. In the Diagnostic, we must observe the signs of a Consumption, beginning, begun, or confirmed. Signs of a Consumption beginning are, a small Defluxion, the Lungs not much hurt thereby, the Cough but small; the spittle Sweet, Salt, or Bitter; the body a little Feverish. The signs of a Consumption begun, the Distillation is stronger, the Lungs pierced, by which the Lungs are exasperated, and the Cough violent. The matter contained in the Lungs maketh the stomach weighty, a sharp pain before and behind, from the humours suppurating, sharp and hearing humours, fall into the body, and sometimes into the Veins causing a hective Fever, sometimes joined with a Putrid The Lungs, by contracted Filth grow hot; by which heat, phlegm and other humours good and bad, are drawn from the brain, which the brain fetcheth from all the body, hence comes its decay and extenuation. The Patient spetteth thick rotten Phlegm; and doth sweat at night, as soon as he sleepeth. A Consumption confirmed, is known by these signs: the Patient spiteth matter itself: the Fever stronger: the Cough more violent, with more provocation, and less Evacuation: the Cough is attended with a hollow sounding: he ineth and wanteth appetite, for the mouth of the stomach is weakened by the Defluxion: The belly is lose, for the Phlegm falling from the head, weakeneth the stomach and Bowels, and the retentive Faculty is destroyed, The Patient breatheth difficult , for the faculty is weak, and the Bronchia stopped with Putrid Matter: the hair falleth off, the cheeks wax Blue, and his feet swell: the nails of the fingers are crooked, because the flesh on the tops of the singers, which held them up, is decayed. Let the Patiented spit in a Basin of Fair Water; if he spit Matter, it sinketh; if Phlegm, it swimmeth. Thus have I briefly touched upon the causes and signs of a Consumption; a word or two of the Prognostic. If the Consumption hath not long continued, and the Ulcer but newly begun, it may be cured; otherwise not, for those things which dry the Ulcer, do hinder spitting, and increase the Fever, and maketh the body leaner. Those things which are moist, good against leanness and Fevers, do make the Ulcer fouler. Those that have narrow, and straight breasts, and their shoulder blades stick our like wings, are inclinable to Consumptions, to whom it is natural, for want of natural heat. If the Consumption came with an acute Disease; or the sick fall into an acute Disease, it killeth speedily. If the Patient spiteth stinking matter, or cannot spit at all; his belly lose, he is very near Death.  
It would take up a great deal more room, than I have to spare, to set down the cure of a Consumption, (I mean when it is only begun, and the Patiented strong,) I shall only Epitomise it. Let the sick drink Milk warm, either Asses, Goars, or Red Cows, but above all the Milk of a sound woman is the best. Let him use a cool and moist diet, and make use of such things, which may correct the Blood, make a decoction of China, Sanders, and Guajacum. You must purge the humours offending, but be sure you make use of such purges, as work very gently as Manna, Rhubarb, Cassia, Syrup of Roses and the like. To allay the Fever, it is lawful to let Blood, if your Patient be not too lean. You must divert the Defluxion, have recourse to the ninth Chapter. Then you must give such things, which have a healing quality, to cure the Ulcer, of which the Milk spoken of before is very good, and if Sugar of Roses be given with it, it will be much more available. Conserve of Roses is good; if it astringe too much, and the breath fail, and the sick cannot spit, make use of Expectorating medicines, as the Syrup of Hyssop, Coltsfoot, or Lohocks: the last Chapter will inform you. If hear be procured by the same means, give coolers, as the Syrups of Violets, and Jujubes: the Musilage of Flealand, Quinces, and the cold seeds. The Syrup of the juice of Ground Ivy is much commended by Quercetan, see the fourth Book of Syrups.  
This Syrup hath admirable virtues. Take of the juice of Grounding, Veronica, and Carduus Benedictus clarified, of each eight ounces; in which boil of all the sorts of Maidenhair, Scabious, and Lettuce, of each half a handful, very gently; then dissolve, in the Liquor strained, a pound an half of White Sugar, and boil it to the height of a Syrup; add in the end, of the extract of Juniper, three drams: of the juice of Liquorish, and the Extract of Carduus, of each four scruples. Let the Patient take a spoonful before every meal, and as much when he goeth to bed. Forrestus commendeth this powder following; Take of White Poppy Seed ten drachms, Starch, Gum, Arabic, and Tragacanth, of each three drachms: Purslane, and Mallows Seed, of each five drachms: the four great Cold Seeds, of each six drachms; Quince Seeds, the like quantity: Spodium, and juice of Liquorish, of each three drachms: the Penids the weight of all the rest, make it into fine powder, and give two drachms in a morning, with the Syrups of Poppyes or Jujubes: or you may give it in Barley Cream, Almond Milk, or in any other convenient liquor.  
Or this Lohock is very good: Take of Lohocke pulmone Vulpis, and Sanum et Expertum, of each one ounce: Conserve of Roses; Dimargariton Frigidum, and Diapenidion, of each half an ounce: Manus Christi, and Lac Sulphuris, of each three drams: with the Syrup of Comfry; make a Lohock, of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Hazelnut often, and twice as much night and morning. The oil of Vitriol is good to dry the Ulcer, if two or three drops, be given in a morning, with the juice of Plantain, or Rose Water and Sugar, saith Claudinas'. The Balsam of Peru, is not without its virtues, for the healing of the Ulcers of the Lungs, if a drop or two be made into a Pill with Sugar, or the Powde of Liquorish, and taken every morning; so you may take the Balsam of Sulphur. Fumigations may be made of Frakincense, Myrrh, Mastic, Benjamin, Yellow Sanders, Amber, Storax, and the like; and taken in the mouth or nose, & the room scented therewith. Or you may make a moist Fumigation of such herbs, which are friendly to the Lungs. Take of Coltsfoot, Hyssop, Horehound, & Alehoofe, of each two handfuls, bruise them and put them in a Pipkin with a cover close Luted on, with water sufficient; put it into the Oven, when the Bread is half Baked; the Bread being Baked draw out the Pipkin, and put a funnel into a hole which it must have at the top, and draw the fumes into the mouth, and put it out at the nose. Many other medicines and precepts, I might here prescribe, which I must omit, for brevityes sake; only remember that all the medicines against spitting of Blood, are profitable for the Ulcer of the Lungs.   

CHAP. XXXII. Of the Palpitation of the heart.  
The Palpitation of the heart is an immoderate, and preternatural shaking of the part with a great diastole or vehement Systole, which sometimes hath been so great, that the adjoining ribs have been displaced, sometimes broken: and sometimes an Artery hath been much dilated, so saith Fernelius lib. 5. Chap. 12: Pag 292. The Greeks call this Disease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, and the Latins Palpitato Cordis. The causes of it, may be referred to three heads: the first is a molestation of the heart, sometimes a troublesome vapour, arising from cold and thick humours lodged near the heart, especially the Pericardium, and conveyed to the Ventricles of the heart: or sent from the stomach, Spleen, womb or the like; or caused by the Plague, poison, worms putrified; or the Mestrues stopped, and conveyed as before, may be the cause of Palpitation. To these, add excess in quantity or quality, of bloody, Choleric or watery humours oppressing the Veins, Arteries or Ventricles of the heart. Likewise Inflammation, Imposthumation, or Tumours happening in the Arteries of the Lungs near the heart, or in the Pericardium, may be the cause of Palpitation. A Second cause is a preternatural heat, by which the Spirits are inflamed, and the motion of the heart and Arteries is increased, and this sometimes (though seldom) ariseth from an inward cause: often from an outward, as anger, violent excercise and the like. The third cause is the defect of Spirits, caused by hunger, watching, anger, joy, fear, shame, or great Diseases, or any thing, which dissipateth the Spirits, which the heart labouring to recover, increaseth its motion, and causeth Palpitation. The Diagnosis or knowledge of this Disease is easy, for it may be felt, heard, or seen: The causes must be distinguished by their proper signs. A hot distemper is known by often breathing, by a Fever and heat of the breast, and a desire of cold things. If wind be the cause, it is subject to Variation, and raised by a small motion, the breath is difficult; a mist before the eyes, and a noise in the ears etc. If the Disease cometh from humours in the heart or Pericardium, it comes not suddenly, nor goeth away quickly. The nature of the humour you may gather from their Symptoms. Water in the Peticardium is hard to be known, but we may conjecture it, by the weakness of the Pulse, the heart seems to be almost suffocated in water. If Malignant and Pestilent humours cause it, the Patient fainteth, a loss of the pulse and strength etc. If it come by consent from other parts, their proper signs declare it. If a Tumour be the cause, the motion of the heart is different from the natural, and the pulse is various: if the Tumour be in the pericardium, and hard, the disease is constant, and the Patient decays without manifest cause. To the Prognostic I say, it is a dangerous Symptom, because the motion of the heart, by which life is preserved, is hindered; and Galen saith, that they who are thus affected in youth, or middle age, live not to be old, because the Vitals are weak in them. Alpho: 41 de loco off: Sect 2 et 5: Chap. 2. If it come from a Tumour, it is incurable; if it be peculiar to the heart, or pericardium, it is incurable. If it come by consent from other parts, the cure must be sought out of their proper Chapters: but, (seeing not only the cause ought to be removed, but also the Symptoms assuaged, by refreshing the heart) you must administer Cordial medicines, which have power to strengthen the heart. If a hot distemper vex the heart, Take of the Conserve of Violets, Water-lillys, borage or bugloss flowers, of each one ounce: Diamargariton frigidum, Diarrhodon Abbatis, of each two drachms: Red , Coral, and Camphire, of each a drachm: with the Syrups of Coral, Balm, or Citron peels, make an Opiate, of which let him take often. If cold humours cause the Palpitation: Take of the Conserve of Roses, and Rosemary flowers, of each one ounce: Aromaticum Rosarum, Dianthus, and Diambra, of each one drachm: Cinnamon, Cloves, and Mace, of each half a drachm: Confection of Alchermes, two scruples: Amber, Musk, and Saffron, of each one scruple: with Syrup of Clove-Gilly-flowers, make an Opiate, and give it as before. With these and the like ingredients the Ingenious may form medicines of all sorts, whether the disease be hot, or cold: likewise may Liniments, Unguents, Epithemas, and Sacculibe prepared, and applied to the Region of the heart, to strengthen, and abate the hot or cold distempers thereof. If an humour gathered near the heart cause the Palpitation, extenuating medicines must be mixed with your Cordials, and if nothing prohibit, open the inner Vein of the arm, called Basilica; if that appear not, open the middle Vein, which course Galen commendeth; also if you see occasion administer purging, and Carminative Clysters.   

CHAP. XXXIII. Of Swooning, or Syncope.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Swooning is a sudden, and swift failing of all strength: for all parts having a continual necessary influence upon the heart, and vital spirits; when they fail, all the rest must suffer. This Disease is distinguished from the Epilepsy, which hath a Convulsion, and this not from an Apoplexy, in which the breath is much stopped, and the pulse not much abated, till near death: but here the pulse faileth and the breath is free. In Fits of the Mother, the breath is most obstructed, the pulse not much altered, nor the colour of the face, except it be higher: the contrary happeneth in a Syncope. The immediate cause of this Disease, is the defect of the Vital Spirits, in which nature is constrained, lest the heart should totally fail, to fetch the spirits from other parts to the heart, by which means they lose their functions. This defect happeneth four ways principally: First they are naturally few, by fault in the faculty making of the Vital Spirits; or the matter: which fault cometh by diseases proper to the heart, or by consent from other parts. Proper to the heart, are too much constriction, dilation, and Solutions happening to the Ventricles of the heart; or such as destroy the natural temper, as Sharp, Malignant, Fainting, Pestilential, and Hectic Fevers, and the like. The faculty may be hurt by diseases in those parts, which have a Sympathy with the heart, as the Brain, Liver, Stomach, and Womb. The matter is faulty, when the Air or Blood, (by which the Vital spirits are generated) is defective, or corrupted. The air is defective, when respiration, and transpiration is hindered: But the hindrance of nutrition causeth a defect of the Blood. They are both corrupted, when their qualities are changed. Secondly this Disease is caused when the Spirits are dissipated and spent, by too great evacuations which may be done sensibly, or insensibly. Sensibly, by inordinate Phlebotomy, Bleeding of wounds, or at the Mouth, Nose, Womb, Belly, or Hemorrhoids: or an extraordinary discharging of other excrementitious humours, by Vomit, Stool, Urine, or Sweat: the breaking of an inward Impostume; or by Empyema; or by tapping the Nave lin the Dropsy. Insensible evacuations, are caused by sharp or thin humours, which rarify the skin; or the immoderate heat of Baths or Hothouses. To these add long Watch, Fast, Lechery, Anger, Joy, long continuing, and violent pain or sickness etc. may cause a dissipation of the spirits. Thirdly, this disease is caused by things which altar and corrupt the Spirits, as venomous and pestilential air and stinks, or an evil disposition of the Bowels and other parts; in a word, all things which are averse to the heart may corrupt the spirits. Or Lastly the spirits may be suffocated or destroyed: which may come to pass, by a vehement returning of Blood and Spirits to the Heart; as also corrupt vapours, cold and thick blood, and other humours gathered about the Heart, or the adjacent parts. These signs show a Syncope, viz. a sudden failing of strength, a slow pulse sometimes stopping, a pale and bluish Face, the body externally cold, a cold Sweat, especially on the Temples, Neck, and Breast. The signs of the Causes, for the most part, are manifest, as the sorts of Fevers, and the external Causes, but now named, may be easily known. A sharp Nose, hollow Eyes, the Temples fallen, are signs of thin Humours: gnawing of the Stomach, pricking heat, and great pain, do show that the Body is troubled with Choler. Abundance of crude Humours, is known by the enlarging of the Body, swelling of the Breast, the colour pale, and the pulse small, unequal, and obscure. If swoonding come by consent from other parts, the Signs of those parts affected will discover it. They who often and violently faint without manifest Cause, die suddenly (saith Hypocrates.)  
A Syncope, which cometh from some evident Cause, as Fear, Sorrow, or immoderate Evacuations, is less dangerous than that which cometh from an internal Cause. In respect of various Causes, you must vary the Cure. If it come from immoderate Evacuations, you must endeavour to stop it with their proper Medicines, prescribed in their several Chapters. If from too violent purging, give three grains of Laudanum, or two of Opium. If by too much sweeting, you must use Medicines which restrain Sweat. If from suffocation of the Spirits, call them back by Frictions, Ligatures, and Cupping. If it come from Poison taken, give something to expel it; after Vomiting with Oil, give Treacle: if it burn in the guts, give Milk, fat Broth, or cooling Cordials. If thinness of the Humours cause it, give things that are sweet and thickening.  
If want of Food cause a Syncope, make use of a restoring Diet, and nourishing Broths. To conclude, From what Cause soever it come, in the Fit, lay your Patient upon his back, throw cold water into his Face, make him sneez, put Aquavitae, Caelestis or Imperiales into his Mouth: call him loud, stop his Nostrils, wring his Fingers, pull his Hair, rub, bind, and Cup if need be.   

CHAP. XXXIIII. Of want of Appetite.  
As there are divers actions of the Stomach, so there are divers diseases hindering those actions: See the fifth Chap. of the first Book. And seeing that the attractive faculty is the first in order, I shall begin with the want of Attraction or Appetite. It is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, In Latin Inappetentia, In English Want of Appetite or Loathing of Meat. That we may rightly judge of the Causes of this Disease, let us consider the Natural Causes of Appetite and Hunger, by which we may the better discover the fault or hindrance. The first cause of Hunger, is emptiness of the Stomach: if there be no emptiness, there is no Attraction, nor Appetite. Want of emptiness, is when the parts are filled with plenty of crude Humours, caused by Gluttony or Drunkenness; want of Excercise or usual Evacuations: Weakness of the Natural Heat or a Fever, when the Heat is busied to concoct the matter of the Disease, or the like. The Second cause of Appetite, is the attraction of Nourishment to the Stomach, sometimes this is depraved, though the parts are empty, when the Veins have left their strength by Sickness, or immoderate Evacuations. The third cause of Appetite, is the Attraction of the Chilus, from the Stomach to the Liver, by the Meseraick Veins; which cannot be performed if those Veins are obstructed, the Chilus sent out by Siege, and the parts d●…prived of their necessary Nourishment.  
Fourthly, the faculty of attracting an Appetite requireth a good disposition of the stomach, brain, and Nerves: consequently what ever altereth their dispositions destroyeth apperite: great heat and drieth, dispersing the moist substance of the stomach, doth cause a want of appetite. The like doth cold, which causeth a Stupefaction of the parts, and extinguisheth the natural heat.  
Flegmy and Slimy-humors gathered in the stomach by evil concoction, or by a defluxion from the head: the suppression of the Terms, or Hemorrhoids, smoothereth the natural heat, and causeth want of attraction. Distempers of the Brain and Nerves, maketh a man insensible of the attracting in the stomach. The sign of the first cause is known by high feeding, repletion, want of evacuation, the body is full and the Veins Swollen, and the like. The second cause is evident, by sickness, or immoderate evacuations. The third is known by obstruction of the Liver, Spleen, or Mesentery The fourth cause is thus known. If there be a great heat in the stomach, dryness, bitterness of the congue and Jaws, and a Fever, with heartburning, and the like. All which signify a hot distemper of the stomach; if it flow from some other parts; the signs of Inflammation of the Liver and other parts will demonstrate it. A cold distemper and much phlegm is known by coldness of the stomach, great heaviness, and sharp belchings. Prog: want of appetite is dangerous, for it is a digression from the natural estate. Loathing of meat for want of natural heat is far more dangerous, then when it is caused by abundance of evil humours. In children want of appetite is worse than in men, because their natures require more nourishment. In all diseases want of Appetite is an evil Symptom. If a man recovering wanteth Appetite, there is fear of a Relapse. If want of Appetite come from a Disease of some other part, I refer you thither for the Cure: but if it be only in the Stomach, you must consider it as either Hot or Cold. If a hot Humour be the cause, purge Choler gently and often, if your Patient be easy to vomit, give an easy Vomit. Altar the Humours with cooling Syrups and Juleps, mixing therewith the Spirit of Vitriol, or Sulphur; for all sharp things allay Choler, and provoke an Appetite. After Purging, Marmalade of Quinces is good, or take this following Opiate: Take of Conserve of Wormwood and Sorrel of each one Ounce: Conserve of Roses, Succory, and bugloss, of each half an Ounce: Diamargariton frigidum, and Diarrhodon Abbatis, of each one Drachm: Troches of Spodium one Scruple, with Syrup of Lemons, make an Opiate; of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Chestnut, Morning, Night, and Noon. To the Stomach apply a Rose Cake steeped in Vinegar. Or anoint the Stomach outwardly with this Lineament: Take of Oil of Roses, Martles, and Quinces, washed with Vinegar of Roses, of each two Ounces: all the , red Coral, Coriander seed prepared, and red Roses, of each one Drachm: the grains of Kermes and Spodium, of each half a Drachm: White Wax as much as is sufficient to make a Lineament, and anoint the Stomach often therewith.  
If a cold Distemper of the Stomach, draw crude, phlegmatic, and inelancholy Humours thither from other parts: you must amend the Distempers of those parts with Medicines, laid down in their proper Chapters. Then you must evacuate the Humours oppressing the Stomach; and afterwards strengthen it. You must evacuate the Humours, eitherby Vomit or Stool; give no Vomits, but to those who are easy to vomit. Of Purges, Pills are most profitable, because of their long continuance in the Stomach: the last Book will furnish you with purging Medicines. If the Humours in the Stomach be tough, you must dissolve them with Honey of Roses, Oxymel, and the like.  
Beware how you administer Pills, which are strong in operation, lest they draw Humours from other parts to the Stomach. If the Liver be very hot you may be let Blood, otherwise not; and in this case, you must administer such things as cool the Liver. After sufficient Purging, you must come to strengthen the Stomach, internally and externally: Take of the Syrup of Wormwood, and Quinces, of each two Ounces: the Syrup of Citron Peels, one Ounce: Cinnamon water, four Ounces: the Spirit of Sulphur, ten Drops: mix them, and let the Patient take a Spoonful or two, Morning, Noon, and Night, or oftener, as necessity requireth. Quercetanus his Syrup of Cinnamon is very good, See the last Book. If the Disease be of long continuance, let the Patient make use of the Guajacum Drink, prescribed in the Second Chapter of this Book; the bath of Bath is profitable in this Case.  
But if a hot Liver attend a cold Stomach, as it often doth, your Medicines ought to be the more temperate, Zechius commendeth this Bolus; Take of washed Turpentine two Drachms: Powder of Mastich half a Drachm: Aromaticum Rosarum, half a Scruple; make a Bolus; and let the Sick take it two hours before Meat. Candied Nutmegs and Ginger is good: and it is convenient for the Patient to drink his Beer warm. This Lineament is good, Take of the Balsam of Peru, three Ounces: the Oils of Nutmegs, Wormwood, and Mastic, of each one Ounce; mix them and anoint the Stomach: Also with these and other ingredients, which have a heating and expectorating Quality you may make Unguents and Plasters, to be applied to the Stomach.   

CHAP. XXXV. Of a depraved Appetite.  
The Appetite is depraved two ways: Either in Quantity or Quality. If it be depraved in Quantity, Nourishment is desired in greater quantity than Nature would: it is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, by the Latins Fames Canina, whence we call it, Dogg's Appetite. It is depraved in Quality, when things, which are not Food, but vicious and unwholesome, are desired, This is called in Greek, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  
First, those that are troubled with the Dogg's Appetite, do feed insatiably, and afterwards some do vomit like Doggs, some do purge, and others do digest it, and if they have not more presently, are sick. The part affected, is chief the mouth of the Stomach: The Cause containing, is Sense of sucking and vehement pulling, which stirs up the Appetite. Vicious Humours sticking to the mouth of the Stomach, by their too much Coldness; Sharpness or Sowrness do bind, wrinkle, and pull the mouth of the Stomach, and so beget a false Appetite; Melancholy, sent from the Spleen to the Stomach, if it exceed and be praeternatural, causeth an unnatur all Appetite. It may be caused by want of Food, and Emptiness caused by too great Evacuations, by which the Veins do continually suck.  
Sometimes it cometh from Worms in the Stomach, which devour the Chilus. The Hermetick Physicians do attribute it to a sharp, salt, and devouring Spirit or Faculty in the Stomach: which doth readily consume what ever Meat is taken, as Aqua Fortis doth quickly dissolve the fixedst Metals, the hardest Stones into Liquor; and by this means, doth not allow Nature a lawful and necessary bound of Nourishment. The Disease itself, needs no other Sign, than the devouring of Meat. The signs of the Causes may be easily found; they which manifest a cold Distemper, and sharp Humours in the Stomach, are belching and sharp vomiting, crude Ejections, want of Thirst, and external Causes of Refrigeration. If defect of Nourishment is the Cause, the Patient is Lean, and there are Causes present, or a foregoing of the decay of Moisture. If Worms be the Cause, in the Chapter of the Worms, their signs shall be spoken of.  
Prog: If this Disease, come from external Causes, or from Worms, it is not dangerous: Judge the contrary, if it follow Emptiness, and great Evacuations: or if the Patient doth vomit or purge much, for then the Body (for the most part) falleth into a worse Disease. To cure this Disease, you must purge, by Vomit or Stools, (taking the Caution in the last Chapter) the Phlegmatic and Melancholy Humours, sticking to the Stomach; Then you must labour to strengthen the Stomach with internal and external Medicines, prescribed in the former Chapter. Six grains of Ambergrease taken in a rear Egg, hath a special Quality to strengthen the Stomach, and cure the Disease. Narcotick Medicines, by dulling the exquisite Sense, do sometimes cure the Disease, but must not be used till all other means fail, and then advised by an able Brain.  
Hypocrates saith that Wine and Aqua vitae is good: and experience teacheth, that Oil and Fat things, are seldom given without Success.  
Pica and Malacia is a depraved Appetite, by which unprofitable and hurtful things are desired. It is caused by the eating of evil Meats, by which, the Stomach is disposed for the production of Melancholy and Phlegmatic Humours, hence divers Apperites of evil things are engendered. Some desire things that are sour, sharp, bitter, and cold; as Vinegar, Juice of Lemons and Oranges, cold Water, Snow, Ice, unripe Fruits, and the like. Some do desire earthly, dry, and burnt things; as Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, and other Spices: Salt, Ashes, Coals, Chalk, Tobacco-Pipes, Lime, Oatmeal, Tar, Candles, and such like. This Disease happeneth, for the most part, to Women with Child, or to Maids which have the Greensickness, who having their Terms stopped, and staying, corrupteth the Body, and ascending, infecteth the Stomach, and taketh the Appetite from its Natural Condition. Sometimes (though seldom) Men and Boys, are thus troubled: Fernelius speaks of a Noble man, who having an extraordinary Appetite to Lime, did devour a piece as big as his fist, without offending his Stomach or Bowels. The Cause of this Disease may be found out by the things desired: For if they desire Coals, Salt, or the like, we may conclude, that the Disease depends upon salt and burnt Humours.  
This Disease is Chronical, and of Continuance, but is seldom dangerous: yet sometimes if the Stomach cannot be reduced to its former Condition, Obstructions, Evil habits, Dropsies, and Cardialgiaes', are produced. The more contrary to Nature the things desired are, the farther distant is the Stomach from the Natural Temper. If you aim at the Cure, it differeth not from the former: but you must consider the variety of the Bodies affected. If this Disease happen to a Man, it hath its original from the Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen, and you must seek the Cure in their proper Chapters. If Women with Child are thus affected, be sparing in giving Medicines, for fear of Miscarriage: for the most part they are freed of it in the fourth Month. If the Green-sickness in Maids be the Cause of this Effect; seek the Cure in the Chapter of the Green-sickness.   

CHAP. XXXVI. Of the Thirsty Disease.  
This Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; in Latin Sitis Morbosa; The immediate Cause is Want of moist Nourishment: Dryness of the Stomach and other parts, which maketh the Stomach sensible of their wants: It is caused by those things, which have a Power to consume and dry up the Moisture of the Stomach and whole Body. It is caused also by Propriety or Sympathy: by Propriety, when the Moisture of the Stomach is altered or drawn forth by a hot, dry, salt, sharp, or filthy Humour, contained in his Cavity. By Sympathy, when the whole Body, or some particular Member, having lost its Moisture, doth suck Moisture from the Stomach: For the Veins having lost their Moisture, endeavour to recruite themselves with the Stomach's moisture, as it happeneth in Fevers, Inflammations of the Liver, Lungs, and a hot and dry Distemper of the Reins, causeth Diabetes or a continual Pissing, and is accompanied with great Thirst, and therefore is called Dipsacus. The outward causes also are all such things as heat and dry: the use of salt, sharp, and spiced Meats; Excess of old rich Wine: Watch, or immoderate Evacuations. The Sons of Hermes conclude, that preternatural Thirst is caused by thirsty Spirits, bred of sulphureous Excrements: whose Thirst cannot be satisfied with ordinary cooling Medicines: unless the sharp spirits of Vitriol, Sulphur, or Salt, be added to them.  
The Knowledge of the Disease is easy, of the Cause, and the Part affected, not difficult. Of the Disease, the Patient's Complaint for want of Drink, will inform you: Likewise the Cause may be distinguished, by the Tastes, which are hot, dry, salt, bitter, sharp, and the like. Lastly, the Tastes do not only distinguish the peccant Humour, but also that the part affected is the Mouth of the Stomach: but if Thirst come by consent from other parts, the Signs of those Diseases will be manifest. The Thirst which comes from external Causes, is easily quenched with Drink: that which comes from internal Causes, are more or less dangerous, according to their differences. Thirst accompanying Fevers, ends with them, and their Cures shall be set down in their proper places. Thirst in a Dropsy is not allayed, but rather increased by Drink, and is most dangerous. If it be caused by immoderate Evacuations: Suppress the Evacuations, and restore the Empty Parts with cooling and moistening Medicines, such as are prescribed in the Cure of the Fever Hectic and Marasmus.   

CHAP. XXXVII. Of evil Digestion.  
The Concoction of the Stomach is hurt three ways: viz. it may be diminished, depraved, or abolished, Concoction diminished is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, depraved 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, abolished 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. The fault of Concoction, is either in the Organ, Object, External or Internal things. The fault in the Organ comprehendeth all Diseases in the Stomach: For since digestion is made in the Stomach by a moderate natural Heat, if it want its Moderation, the digestive Faculty is hurt. A cold Distemper of the Stomach, if it be gentle, diminisheth the Heat, and weakeneth Concoction. If it be greater it abolisheth it: A hot distemper in the Stomach depraveth the Faculty, and causeth difficult Concoction.  
Though these Distempers are sometimes simple, yet many times, they are joined with Matter, as Phlegm, and black Humours caused by hypocondriac Melancholy, which cause Crudities, sour Belchings, Rumbling, Winds, and the like. The fault of the Object is thus considered, when the Nourishment, which is the proper Object of the Stomach, offendeth, in Substance, Quantity, Quality, or Time. Nourishment offendeth the Stomach, in Substance, when it is too hard and difficult to be concocted. In Quantity, it offendeth the Stomach, when either too much is taken at once, that the natural Heat cannot digest it, but some part of it remaineth Crude: Less taken than Nature requireth, becometh Crude also, when it is dried or burnt in a Choleric Stomach. In Quality, Food offendeth, when it is either too hot, or dry, or too cold, moist, and windy for the Stomach. In respect of Time, Nourishment may offend the Stomach, If a Man contrary to his order in Diet, doth eat liberally a little before he goeth to Bed, this may hurt concoction. External or internal Means may hurt the concoctive Faculty: Namely, an Air too hot may dissipate the natural Heat; an Air too cold may dull it: Immoderate Excercise, especially after Meat, draweth the Heat from the Stomach to the External parts; and drives the imperfect Chylus into the Guts, and so weakens Concoction. Costiveness of the Belly, or a Flux; immoderate Watching, or sleep in the day time; deep Study upon a full Stomach; Sadness and other Passions of the Mind, do hinder the Actions of the Stomach. The Hermetick Physicians add another Cause, for they say (and not without reason) that a sharp Liquor sent from the Spleen to the Stomach, which hath a great power to dissolve, in its Natural State, causeth a laudable Concoction; & that concoction is not made by Heat only: For Meat boiled in a Pot, with a strong Heat many days, is not dissolved: and Bones in a Dog's Stomach are quickly dissolved: Likewise Fishes do quickly dissolve their Meat, though they have no actual Heat. Birds do quickly concoct the hardest Seeds, and small pebble Stones, and they have a Spleen round about their Maw; and that there is a dissolving Spirit inhaerent in the Gizzards of Birds, the Physical practice doth prove, being often used in Medicines to help Concoction, dissolve the Stone, and the like.  
The Signs of a diminished or abolished Concoction, is the same, differing only in Degrees: viz. sour Belchngs, Vomiting or Purging forth of Food either not well, or not at all concocted; Weight, Extension, and Inflammation of the Stomach; the Patiented sensible of some cold Cause going before, and is worse by taking of cold things: the Urine thin, & pale like Water, and sometimes thick and red. If the concoctive Faculty be depraved, the Patient is sensible of stinking Belchings, and the like Taste in the Mouth, of Heat and Thirst; and is prejudiced by Hot things. If it come from external Causes, the Patient, or some about him will be able to demonstrate it; if it come by consent from other Parts, their Signs must be considered.  
Concoction hurt by consent from other Parts, is easier cured, then that, which is proper to the Stomach, only that which cometh from external Causes, is cured easiest of all. Concoction diminished, though it be not the worst, yet it bringeth many inconveniencies, as the Colic, Chachexy, and sometimes the Dropsy. Concoction abolished is worst, because all Parts are frustrated of their Nourishment, and deadly Diseases follow, as the Lientery, Dropsy, Atrophy, etc.  
A depraved Concoction is the cause of many Evils likewise, as Obstructions, Scabs, Fevers. etc. To cure the Disease, you must remove the Antecedent, Conjunct, and External cause: The Stomach must be cleansed of the offending Humours, and then strengthened, seek Medicines in the Chap. of Want of Appetite. If it come by consent, you must amend the Parts sending the Humours: their proper Chapters will furnish you with means.   

CHAP. XXXVIII. Of the Hiccough.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, and Singultus in Latin, in English Hiccough, is a depraved motion of the Stomach, by which it desireth to expel something which is hurtful. It is caused (according to Hypocrates) of Fullness or Emptiness; sometimes (saith Galen) by Provocation. The matter causing the Hiccough, is either gathered in the Stomach; or is sent from other Parts. Sharp Humours, Nourishment, or Medicines; or gnawing Worms in the Stomach, may cause a Hiccough by propriety: It is caused by consent, when the Liver, Spleen, Guts, or other Parts, being inflamed, send offensive Vapours, or Water to the Stomach. A Tumour in the Liver (being inflamed) doth compress the Stomach, and so provoke the expulsive Faculty; finally, sharp Humours, sent from all parts of the Body, in malignant Fevers, may be the cause of the Hiccough. Diagnostic signs are, if the Disease come by Propriety, it is more lasting, and is eased by Vomit: the signs of the Humours in the Stomach, appear by the Taste in the Mouth, Belchings, etc. If it come from any other part of the Body, their proper Signs will declare it. Prognostics are. If the Hiccough be caused by Meat, Drink, of Cold, it is not dangerous. But if it come in a malignant or great Fever, and continue, it is deadly. The same you may judge, if the Hiccough (accompanied with redness of the Eyes, in an acute Disease) invade the Patient after Vomiting. Singultus from the inflammation of the Liver is also hurtful. For the cure, you must, (if the disease come from a cold cause,) First, administer medicine, which do cut and prepare the Humours, as Vinegar, and Oxymel of Squils', and Oxymel Simplex: then evacuate the Humours by Purge or Vomit, and then strengthen the Stomach: use the Medicines prescribed in the Chapter of Want of Appetite, coming of a cold Cause: if the Disease be violent, add these following: Take of Castor and Myrrh, of each, three Drachms: Sal Gem, half an Ounce: Diagridium and Mastich, of each, one Drachm: Agarick newly trochiscated three Drachms: Aloes, the weight of all the rest: with the juice of Mints: make them up into a Mass, and of one Drachm make six gilded Pills: Let your Patient take two or three in the Morning. Riverius.  
If Wind in the Stomach be the Cause: Take of Dill-Seed, Sweet Fennell and Annis-Seed, of each one Ounce, Juniper Berries, half an Ounce: Cloves, a Drachm: Macerate them in good Wine, or Spirit of Wine, and distil it in Baineo. If sharp and choleric Humours be the cause of the Hiccough, you must give Oil of Sweet Almonds, Prisan Broth, Syrup of Apples and Quinces, & the Emulsion of the Cold Seeds: foment the Stomach with a Sponge dipped in Rose Water, or apply a cooling Ointment to the Stomach. Sneezing hath been attended with admirable success; Vomiting with little less, but have a care how you administer Vomits to weak People; Drinking of Milk from the Cow is much commended, and sometimes proves successful. Narcoticks sometimes effect the Cure by stupifying the too too Exquisite sense of the Stomach.   

CHAP. XXXIX. Of Vomiting.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nausea, and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vomiting, differ only in Degrees: the first, is a Desire to vomit up, what soever troubles the Stomach, either in Quantity or Quality, but cannot, either by reason of the weakness or the Stomach, strength of the upper Orifice, or thickness or sliminess of the Matter. But Vomiting is a depraved motion of the Stomach, which shaketh it, by which the expulsive Faculty is stirred up, by contracting the Fibres of the Lower part, and loosening the Superior, and with a violent motion casteth forth the Matter contained therein, which was trouble some to it. The Causes of Vomiting are external or internal, and is divided into Natural or Artificial: the Natural is either without or in a Disease, and is thus divided, it is either Periodical, Critical, or Symptomatical. Periodical vomiting, is without a Disease, and is used by many twice in a year or oftener, to cleanse the Stomach of choleric or phlegmatic Humours, and to prevent Disease. Critical vomiting, is when Nature, in a disease, casts forth her Enemy. Symptomatical vomiting, is when Nature is provoked and weakened, and is not eased by it, because she is not strong enough utterly to expel it: the Matter vomited is either Excrements: as Phlegm, Choler, Melancholy, Water, Matter, Worms, and the like: or Nourishment, as Meat, Chylus, or Blood. Artificial Vomiting, is from an external Cause: as Compression of the lower Belly, Strokes, Falls, violent Excorcise, Riding, Sailing on the Sea, Poisonous Air, or Breath, stinking Smells, or beholding some Filthy thing. External Causes may provoke Nature, as Vomits taken; Some Nourishment is distasteful to some Stomaches, and causeth vomiting: Hippoceates reporteth that one eating Mushtooms died vomiting: Meats which are Fat & Oily are preposterous to some Stomaches: Omitting Gluttony, which is many times the Cause. The whole Body in a Plethory, evil Habit, Fevers, and other Diseases of the Body, may be the Cause: Inflammations or Obstructions of other Parts, as the Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, or Bowels, the Terms or Hemorrhoids stopped, a Catarrh, or the like may cause Vomiting. If Vomiting be caused by Humours offending the Stomach, or by an Organical disease therein, you may find the signs thereof in the preceding Chapters of diseases of the Stomach. If it come by Sympathy from other Parts, their proper signs will inform. Make the Prognostic thus: Choler and Phlegm tightly mingled and vomited up, is good. If the Sick vomit Critically, and cast forth Choler in a choleric Distemper, and Phlegm in a phlegmatic, it is hopeful. Violent vomiting, and little brought up, in a Fever is evil: for it shows abundance of Matter, or that Nature is weak. Vomiting, after a Flux of the Belly, is good, for there is a revulsion of the Matter, and Nature is refreshed. Vomiting of divers Colours is dangerous, because Nature hath to do with divers Enemies. Green, blue, black, and stinking Matter vomited, is deadly. In Fever's acute, if the Patiented vomit without mixture of Humours, it is an evil sign, because that a pure Humour is not capable of Concoction. For the Cure: If the Disease come by consent from other parts, remove the Cause by working their Cures. If phlegmatic, choleric, or melancholy Humours provoke the Stomach, cast them forth by vomiting: prepare and cut them if they be tough and clammy. Give gentle Vomits, as warm Oil: or white Vitriol prepared: or Salt of Vitriol made red by Calcination, for they cleanse and dissolve the glutinous Matter. If your Patient be weak and indisposed to Vomits, give often Clysters or purge the Body with this or the like Pills. Take de Aloe lota, three Drachms; yellow Myrabolans, and Rhubarb in Powder, of each, half a Drachm: red , and prepared Coral, of each, one Scruple: with the Syrup of Roses solutive, make them into a Mass: give a Drachm every other or third day: and if the Sick be weak, give but half so much. If the Vomiting be violent, give two Scruples and an half of Cochie the less, with three grains of Laudanum in the morning. Then you must strengthen the Stomach, with the syrup or conserve of Quinces, conserve of Roses, Mastic in a small quantity, syrup of Mints, Plantain water made sour with Oil of Vitriol, etc. All these strengthen the Stomach and stay Vomiting, of which you may make Medicines in divers forms. Foment the Stomach with a sponge dipped in Plantain water, Rose water, and Rose Vinegar. But First, boil in the water a handful of Mints. Or apply this following Cataplasm: Take of Marmalade of Quinces, or Quinces boiled soft in Rose water, or Vinegar, four Ounces: the roots of B●stort and tormentil, of each two Drachms: Mastic, Moce, and Nutmegs, of each two Scruples: Sour Leaven half a pound: with the juice of Mints and Vinegar make a Cataplasm and apply it. If your Patiented vomit Blood: the Causes and S●gnes you may find in the 19 and 30 Chap. and the Medicines prescribed in the 30 Chap. Of Spitting of Blood: ordered by an able Head-piece, may perform the Cure.   

CHAP. XL. Of Cholera.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, and Cholerica Passio in Latin, is a Disease, violently sending forth by Vomit & Stool, sharp and choleric Humours: this Disease is a symptom of the expulsive Faculty being hurt, by Meats not well concocted, and if the retentive Faculty be also in fault, the Disease is the worse and more violent. Some will have two sorts of Choler, a moist and a dry; A moist is that which hath relation to what hath been said. The dry is more rare, and cometh from a windy spirit, produced in the Stomach, by the fiery Heat of the Part corrupting the Meat: or by Meats which are Rank and Windy, and this is the opinion of Hypocrates himself. Sennertus (from the Hermetical doctrine) addeth another Cause, viz. Salt and adust Humours in the Hypochonaria, which grow hot by the mixture of another Humour, and demonstrateth it, by the mixing of Aqua fortis, and Oil of Vitriol, with Salt of Tartar, which produce very flatuous Spirits. So that the immediate Causes of this Disease are choleric, burnt, sharp, salt, or rotten Humours in the Stomach, Bowels, Spleen, Mesentery; or some Nourishment of an evil Quality, or some strong Medicine, or Poison taken. The signs of this Disease are often and plentiful Evacuations of choleric, sharp, and corrupted Humours, by Vomit and Stool: swelling with Wind, Thirst, and a Gnawing of the Stomach and Guts: a Loathing, which is appeased a little with cold Drink which is soon after cast up. The Pulse is small and unequal: Sweeting, with Convulsion of extreme Parts, & Swooning, and such dangerous Symptoms. It is easily discovered whether the Cause come by some violent Medicine, Poison, or offensive Diet. The internal Causes are known by the Quality of the Humours, that are ejected. If there be a continual Loathing and Gnawing, the Disease is in the Stomach. If a malignant Fever be joined, it is in the Veins. If it hath its original from some evil Food, there is hopes, that when the Matter is cast forth the Disease will end. If it be very violent, it is dangerous, I had almost said desperate: for the greater the Convulsions, Swoonings, and Coldness of the extreme Parts be, the nearer is Death at hand.  
In the beginning of the Cure, you may help forward Evacuations, with gentle, cooling, and cleansing Clysters, thus: Take, of Milk, half a pint; Syrup of Violets, and Lettuce, of each one ounce: The Oils of Roses and water Lillyes, of each half an ounce; The yolks of two new laid Eggs well beaten, mix them and give it. Or you make a Clyster with Chicken Broth or Oxycrate. It is good to open a Vein, by which means, the  and boiling Blood may be cooled, reveled, and assuaged: but do it with discretion, twice or thrice if the strength be not impaired by the first. You must endeavour to qualify the sharpness of the Humours, thus: Take, of the waters of Plantain, Purslan, and Mint, of each, two Ounces: Syrup of Quinces and dried Roses, of each, one Ounce; Syrup of Vinegar, half an Ounce; mix them, and dissolve therein two Scruples of Theriack Andromachi, and six drops of the Oil of Vitriol: give now and then a Spoonful. But, if the Patient hath someease, and the Symptoms abate, or appear not, beware lest they suddenly return and destroy the Patient, as it sometimes happeneth in this case. Therefore nourish him and strengthen his Stomach with this restoring Opiate: Take of the Jelly of Hartshorn made with Canary Wine, four Ounces: of the Conserves of Roses, Borage, Bugloss, and Clove-Gilliflowers, of each one Ounce: Confectio Alchermes, half an Ounce: Citron Barks, and Nutmegs candied, of each three Drachms: the Essence of Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, and Cinnamon, of each three drops, with the Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers make an Opiate; of which let the Patient take often the Quantity of a hazel Nut, and more, Mornings and Evenings. To conclude, the Medicines prescribed in the last Chapter, against choleric Vomitings, may be useful here.   

CHAP. XLI. Of Pain in the Stomach.  
Dolour Ventriculi or Pain in the Stomach, is caused by naughty, venomous, and gnawing Humours contained therein: the Ancients made this distinction, viz. that if the upper Orifice of the Stomach, which is of exquisite sense, by reason of the great Nerve, which it hath from the fifth Conjugation, be affected; the Pain is very sharp, which maketh the Heart, (the most Noble part, and near unto it) sensible of the same, from thence it is called Cardialgia. But if the Membranes of the Cavity, or lower Orifice (called Pyloras) be affected, it is called Dolour Ventriculi: or Colica Ventriculi, especially if it comes of Wind. The Cause of this Disease, is either Worms gnawing the Tunicles of the Stomach: or Wind lodged in the Cavity of the Stomach, which causeth Swelling and painful Distension: or sharp and malignant Humours therein contained, as salt Phlegm, green and black Choler, whose sharp Vapours cause Pain: corrupt Matter from an Imposthume of the Liver or the Breast; Diseases of the Stomach and the Parts adjoining; evil Humours from the whole Body in Fevers; Choler from the Liver; Melancholy from the Spleen; and salt Phlegm from the Head; all these may be the Causes of this Evil. The external Causes may be evil and corrupt Nourishment; or Meats that are too hot; that breed Wind or Choler: Meat taken in too great a Quantity: Poison: strong, sharp, and deadly Medicines, not well corrected. Diagnostic Signs are thus taken: when the Pain is under the Ensiformis, it shows that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected: a very sharp Pain, that the Patient cannot rest, and sometimes fainteth: the Vapours sometimes offend the Brain, and cause inveterate Headache, the Megrim, Vertigo, and Epilepsy. In the other parts of the Stomach, there are not so violent Symptoms, but great Pains like the Colic. Thus you may know the Causes. The Humours offending, may be known by the Excrements avoided at the Belly or Mouth: also Choler, Phlegm, Wind, or Worms may be known by their proper Signs. The Diseases of the Stomach or parts adjoining, causing this Disease, may be known by their proper Signs.  
Prog: This Disease is more dangerous than any other Disease of the Stomach: The danger is greater if a Fever accompany it: if the extreme Parts be cold, Death is at hand: thus saith Hypocrates. It is least dangerous if it proceed from Worms; yet sometimes dangerous Symptoms appear, and the Patient dies: sometimes, if the cause of Wind cannot be removed, a dry Dropsy followeth. If it come from other Parts, there begin your Cure; if it be in the Stomach properly, consider the peccant Humour. If Wind be the Cause, first, administer a Clyster: Take of Camomile, Pennyroyal, Miats, and Pellitory of the Wall, of each, one handful: the Seeds of anise, Fennel, Cummin, and Dill, of each, two Drachms: make a Decoction in white Wine Posset Drink: add Benedicta Laxativa, half an Ounce: the Oils of Dill, Rue, and Chamomil, of each half an Ounce: the Chemical Oil of Juniper Berries, ten Drops, make a Clyster, and give it or the like, as often as need requireth. Make a Fomentation, with the Herbs and Seeds aforesaid, or with others of the like Nature: then anoint the Stomach with the Oils of Sage and Cloves Chemical, Oil of Dill, Camomile, Rue, and the like. Then administer this or the like Julep, which hath power to assuage Pain, discuss Wind, and strengthen the Stomach: Take of Wormwood, Pennyvoyall, Century the less, and Agrimony, of each, one handful: the Flowers of Camomile, and Juniper Berries, of each, one Ounce: the Seeds of sweet Fennel, and Anise, of each, two Drachms: Boil them in a Quart of white wine to the consumption of half, sweeten it with the compound Syrups of Wormwood and Betony, of each, two Ounces. Let the Patient take a spoonful of this often, and six spoonfuls Night and Morning: this have I often proved with good success, let the Cause be what it will. If the Disease be yet too stubborn to yield to ordinary Medicines, make a Bath of mollifying Herbs, and let the Patient sit in it, giving inward discussing Medicines. In vehement Pain, some do give a Purge, and mix Narcoticks with it, to allay the Pain, and this following is much commended by Forestus: Take of Diaphenicon, half an Ounce: Philonium Romanum, two Scruples: with Camomile water, (in want thereof, the Decoction) make a Potion. If Choler cause pain, purge it, administer Juleps cooling and thickening. Foment the Stomach, and apply a Cataplasm made of mollifying, cooling, and discussing Herbs and Seeds.   

CHAP. XLII. Of the Inflammation, Ulcer, and Imposthume of the Stomach.  
The Inflammation of the Stomach is a Tumour coming of Blood, sent into the Stomach and its Membranes, from the Vena Porta, by the small Veins; which Blood is either pure, and maketh a proper Phlegm; or mixed with Choler, and maketh an Erisipelatous, or with Phlegm, making an Oedmatous, or with Melancholy, making a Schirrous Tumour. In a word, all things that may inflame the Blood, may be the Cause of this Tumour. Diagnostic Signs are, great Pain, burning, pricking, distending, beating, even to the Back: you may see or feel the Tumour; belching, and sometimes vomiting of Blood, and the Breath is ferched difficultly, and a burning Fever. If it be only of Blood, it is somewhat gentler: but if it be with Choler, there are grieucus Symptoms. But be careful to distinguish this Inflammation, from that of the upper side of the Liver: see the Chap. of the Inflammation of the Liver. This Disease for the most part is deadly. If the Inflammation be in the upper part of the Stomach, or over the whole, or much loathing of the Stomach, or rumbling in the Belly, all these are deadly Symptoms. If the Inflammation kill not, and the Fever and Pain ceaseth, and the Tumour remain, than it turns to an Imposthume; which being broken, there remaineth an Ulcer, which is known by voiding of Matter by Vomit and Stool. But an Ulcer may be bred in the Stomach from other Causes, as sharp, salt, choleric Humours bred in the Stomach, or sent thither from other parts: the breach of a Vein, which could not grow together again: a Wound not well cured: Poison, or corroding Medicines taken. The Signs of an Ulcer bred in the Stomach, are the same with the former; to which I add these: a constant lingering Fever, stinking Belching, no Appetite, a pricking Pain and Burning, when any thing is taken, which is hot, cold, sharp, salt, or sour. This Disease for the most part is deadly, because Cleansers increase Pain, and Dryers cannot execute their Office, but are hindered by Meat, Drink, and Chylus. The Cure of theso Diseases, must be diversely considered. Purging is altogether prohibited, lest more Humours be gathered to the Stomach, but give an emollient and cooling Clyster every day, such an one as is prescribed in the last Chap: you must let Blood in both Arms, as much as strength will bear; bleed the Haemorrhoids if you see Occasion; cup and scarify the Shoulders, Back, and Buttocks: rub and bind the extreme Parts, and heat them with the Oil of Spike, or Flowerdeluce and the like. You must give Medicines which are altering, and strengthening, and with them mix such, which have power to dissolve. This Julep is good. Take of Barley water well clarified, two Ounces: Fennel and Purslane water of each one Ounce: the Syrups of Water Lilies and Violets, of each, one Ounce: the Syrup of Poppy, half an Ounce: Diamarganiton frigidum, a Drachm: mix them, and make a Julep for three Doses, give it Morning, Noon, or Night. Foment the Stomach with ●he Decoction of cooling and mollisying He●…, Roots, and Flowers, and afterwards anoint it with Oil of Roses, Violets, and the like. Some commend Turpentine washed in Wormwood water, given in Pills three or four times, which will quickly dissolve or maturate the Imposthume.  
If you find that the Imposthume tend to Suppuration apply this Cataplasm: Take of the Roots of common and March Mallows, of each, one Ounce: Camomile, two handfuls: red Rose leaves a handful: boil them well together, and then beat them in a stone Morter: then add of the Meal of Barley, Flax seed, and Fenugreek, of each one Ounce: with Hen's Grease, and Oil of Roses and Camomile, alike QUantity, sufficient to make a Cataplasm, which must be applied and often removed. When the Imposthume is broken, cleanse the Ulcer with new Milk and Sugar, or Hydromell: or Take of Barley water 3. Ounces, Sugar of Roses, and the Oil of sweet Almonds, of each, one Ounce: make a Julep and give it. The drinking of Mineral Waters is good. Before you endeavour to heal it, you must endeavour to cleanse the Stomach as well as the Ulcer. Take of Cassia, one Ounce; Powder of Rhubarb, one Scruple: dissolve it in Whey, and drink it: you may with this or the like Purgers (which attract not the Humours to the part) cleanse the Stomach as often as Necessity requireth. Then fement the Stomach with the Decoction, of Comphry roots, Quinces, Wormwood, Roses, Pomegranate flowers and peels, Myrtles, Galls, Frankincense, Mastic, and the like; then apply astringent Unguents, and Emplasters to the Stomach; and inwardly give Medicines of the same Nature: Take of the Conserve of Roses and Comphrey roots, and of Marmalade of Quinces, of each, one Ounce: Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, of each, one Drachm: Gum Arabic, Red Coral, and Blood stone, of each, half a Drachm: Hypocistis, Sarcocol, and Frankincense, of each, one Scruple: with Syrup of Comphrey, make an Opiate, a little of which, let the Patient take often. if his Stomach loath the often use of one Medicine: let Troches be made of the Powders and the Musilage of gum Traganth: or into any other form: How to make Troches, see the fourth Book. Give him for his Food, in the mean time, Chicken Broth, and boil therein astringent Herbs; fresh Barley and China Root.   

CHAP. XLIII. Of the Colic.  
The attractive and digestive Faculties, are not only hurt, but the expulsive Faculty, which chief respects the Intestines, may also be defective, and cause many distempers in the Body, the first of which is the Colic. This Disease took its Name from the Part affected, which is the Gut, called by the Greek Colon, and the Disease 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which is caused by excrementitious Matter, retained too long, and, by distending, pricking, or corroding, causeth grievous pain. Sometimes it is caused through Crudities, bred by a cold Distemper of the Stomach and Intestines, which causeth Wind to afflict the Guts (being obstructed) especially the Gut Coion: sometimes cold, gross, and phlegmatic Humours, sticking to the Tunicles or Coats of the Guts, cause constriction, and divulsion, and a gnawing pain: also salt, and sharp, choleric, and melancholy, sour Humours, by pricking and twitching the Cuts, cause Pain. Here note, that if Wind or Humours remain only in the Cavity of the Guts, they might be easily excluded, by evacuating, cleansing, and curminative Medicines; but being (for the most part) fixed to the Coats of the Guts, they are not expelled without difficulty. There are other less usual Causes of the Colic, viz. Tumours in the adjoining parts, causing compression of the Guts: Tumours and Inflammations in the Intestines causing Narrowness: Knots of Worms, or Stones bred in the Guts which stop them: sometimes a poisonous and malignant Matter engendereth a pestilent Colic or Plague in the Guts. The External causes are, either a cold Air, which doth constringe the Belly; or an Air too hot, indurating the Excrements: Raw Fruit, Meats gross and of hard Digestion; in a Word, every thing which disturbeth the concoction of the Stomach, may here be taken for an External cause. Diagnostic Signs are, a very sharp pain sometimes movable, sometimes in the Region of the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Reins: sometimes above, and sometimes beneath the Nayel; oftentimes in the left side; so that by comparison of other Signs you must distinguish between this and the Spleen and Stone. The Pain is like the Boaring of an Auger, he vomiteth chole rick and phlegmatic Matter, if the Stomach consenteth. The pain is greater after Meat: the Belly (for the most part) is bound, that the Patient cannot so much as break Wind: when he voideth Excrements, they are windy, like Cow dung with Water on the Top. The causes are also distinguished by their Signs: If Phlegm be the cause, the pain is not so violent, the Sick hath used a phlegmatic Diet; but if Wind be joined with it, the part seemeth as if it were boared through with a Wimble; the Urine is crude and white, yet sometimes the violent Pain inflameth the Spirits, and the Urine appeareth yellow or red: He is better for hot, and the worse for cold things. If choleric Humours cause the Colic, there is a violent, pulling, and pricking Pain; the Urine is choleric; a Diet breeding Choler went before, he is the worse for hot Medicines; there is great Heat, Thirst. and sometimes a Fever. If the Colic proceed from Wind, there is a stretching Pain and the Belly swelleth, and the Wind rumbleth therein, he findeth ease when he breaketh it: If the Wind be in the Cavity, the Pain is movable, and increaseth and decreaseth; If in the Coats of the Guts, the Pain is fixed in respect of place, and constant. Prognostic signs are, It the Colic be gentle, movable, and the Belly soluble, it is easily cured: on the contrary, if the Pain be great and fixed, the Belly bound, the Patient wanteth Sleep, vomiteth, and is troubled; with cold Sweats, Hiccoughs, Doting, and Coldness of the extreme parts, it is always dangerous, and (for the most part) deadly. An Epidemical and pestilent Colic is very d●…ous. If it come of sharp choleric Humours, ●…generateth sometimes into other worse Diseases; as the Palsy, Falling-sickness, and the Gout.  
You must vary the Cure, according to the diversity of Causes; if Phlegm and Wind be the cause, you must administer an emollient, discussing, and carminative Clyster, (See Chap. 41 Of Pain in the Stomath) three or four times in a day. Or make a Decoction of emollient and carminative Herbs, and boil therein three Drachms of Colloquintida. If two or three Clysters provoke not to Stool, make use of this Suppository: Take of Honey sodden, half an Ounce: Hiera piera, one Drachm: Diacolocynthidos, one Scruple: Salt Gemm, half a Scruple, mix them and make a Suppository. It is not amiss, if after all this you purge the noxious Humours, mixing with your purge Narcoticks: See Forrestus his Medicine prescribed in the aforenamed Chap. Or give an Ounce and an half of Manna; of Oil of Sweet Almonds newly drawn, two Ounces; give it in Broth. Then you must foment, bathe, or anoint the Belly, (See the aforesaid 41 Chap.) The Bowels of a Wolf pulverised, and the white Dung of the same, is much commended, if the Patient take a Drachm in white Wine. The Electuary of Bay berries taken, as much as a Nutmeg often, easeth Pain. This Medicine I have used with good Success: Take of Pellitory of the Wall, Mints, Parslypearch, of each, one handful: the Roots of Fennel, Parsley, Marshmallows, and Butcher's Broom, of each half a handful: Juniper Berries, one Ounce: the Seeds of Aunis, sweet Fennel, and Cummis, of each, half an Ounce: Bay berries, three Drachms: bruise, slice, and powder them; Infuse them in white wine twenty four hours, and distil it in Balneo: after sufficient Evacuations, give one Ounce. Galen much commendeth the Application of a Cupping-glass to the Navel; afterwards apply a Plaster of Tacamahacha. Also the Decoction of Guajacum given for many days, is good, and afterwards purge Phlegm, if there be occasion. The choleric Colic is cured also by giving of emollient Clysters, and such as temper the Acrimony of the Humours: as the Decoction of Camomile, Violet leaves, Endive: the Seeds of Faenugreek, Linseed, Hens-grease, Goose-grease, Oil of Roses, Cessia, and the like. Foment the Belly with an emollient and cooling Decoction, and aroint it with a Cataplasm, made with the Meal of Linseed, Faenugreek, and Barley, boiled in Oil of Camomile, and Roses. Cool the Liver outwardly by Epithems, and inwardly by Juleps, made of Poppy, Lettuce, Succory, Endive, Sorrel, Violets, and the like: forget not to add a little spirit of Vitriol to your Juleps. If the pain be violent use Narcoticks: afterwards purge the Humour with such Medicines which purge gently or strongly, according to the strength of your Patient, and the Degree of his Distemper.   

CHAP. LXIIII Of the Iliack Passion.  
This Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, in Latin Iliaca Passio, in Englsh the Iliack Passion, from the Gut Ilium, which is chief affected in this Disease. But because the other Guts are capable of the same, it is rather derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, which signifieth to be rolled or girt about, and therefore the Latins call it Volvulus or Convolvulus. It is a preposterous motion of the Intestines, the Guts are obstructed, nothing passeth downward, sometimes the Excrements are brought up into the Stomach, and issue out at the Mouth. The Intestines have a natural Motion downwards, which is compared to the Motion of Earthworms, which move the parts of their Bodies successfully; by which they carry the Faeces and Excrements downwards. The expulsive Faculty of the Guts is sometimes too vehemently stirred up, the Passage being obstructed, that by a violent motion, the Excrementitious Matter is cast upwards: so that not only the Chylus and Excrements, but also Clysters and Suppositoryes are violently snatched up and vomited. Any thing which causeth the obstruction of the Guts, as hard Dung long retained, gross Vapours, Inflammations, tumors, or the like, may be the Cause of this Disease. Sometimes an Ulcer in the Guts may be the Cause, when the Excrements touch the part ulcerated, it pricketh it, so that the Faculty is provoked, not to let so noxious a thing pass, but driveth it upwards, the other Guts by Sympathy assisting, forceth it into the Stomach, which also by a Peristatick inverted Motion, casteth it out by Vomit. The Diagnosticks of this Disease, are, partly common to those of the Colic, and partly proper or peculiar to itself. Common Signs are, the Belly bound, and puffed up, Pain in the Abdomen, loathing, vomiting, difficulty of Breathing and Pissing, want of Rest. The peculiar Signs are, a violent Pain, great Distension, a hard Tumour in the Hypogastrium, nothing voided downwards, an irregular vomiting of Choler, Phlegm and Chylus, at last the Excrements are vomited up. The Signs of the causes are thus gathered, If Inflammation of the parts cause the Disease, it quickly cometh to the height, an intense Fever, with vomiting, as aforesaid. If hard Dung in the Bowels be the Cause, there went before Constriction of the Belly, it is of longer Continuance, the Pain not so violent at first, nor the Fever so great, if any. If Wind or Phlegm be the Cause, (for the most part) the Colic preceded, and the Signs thereof are laid down in the preceding Chapter. This Disease is dangerous more or less, according to the Causes and Symptoms; that which is accompanied with the Strangury, or that irregular vomiting before mentioned, (for the most part) is deadly. If there be a remission of Symptoms, and things, taken at the mouth, find passage downwards, there is hopes of recovery.  
What belongs to the cure of this Disease, must thus be considered, viz. If hard Dung obstruct the passage, you must often inject emollient and laxative Clysters, in the mean time, give Medicines inwardly of the same Nature, mixing with them such as strengthen the Stomach and Vital parts: having read thus fair you cannot be ignorant how to prepare them: by this means I cured one in this Condition, who went not to Stool in sixteen or eighteen days. You may likewise apply Fomentations, Liniments, and Cataplasms of an emollient Nature to the Belly. If you find the Body flatuous and in much pain, administer the Medicines prescribed against the Colic. If the Guts be inflamed, you must open a Vein, and draw as much Blood, as the strength of the Sick will bear. Administer cooling and emollient Clysters, and other Medicines, prescribed, in the 42 Chapter, for the inflammation of the Stomach. If he vomit not, give him warm Water and Oil of Violets, for it is a good Revulsion. Let his drink be Barley Water, and sometimes give, in a draught thereof, two ounces of Oil of sweet Almonds, and, if the Pain be violent, use Narcoticks. Let him abstain from Food, for it turns to no good Nourishment: let him now and then take a spoonful of Broth, and drink such things as are before mentioned. If the Bowels fall into the Cod, and cause this Disease, you must foment the part with emollient Oils, and relaxing Decoctions, giving emollient and carminative Clysters, then let the Patient lie with his Heels higher than his head, and gently thrust them back, and keep them up with a Truss. If there be a Circumvolution of Hoisting of the Guts, Hypocrates prescribeth this as the last Remedy, namely, to apply a payr of Bellows to the Fundament, and blow into the Belly, and afterwards to give an emollient Clyster; this hath been proved by many able Physicians, and highly commended. Others have commended the taking of Quicksilver in a great Quantity, which hath cured when all other means have failed.   

CHAP. XLV. Of the Flux, Lientery, and Coelick Passion.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Lientery is a Flux of the Belly, in which the Meat is quickly sent through the Body undigested. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the Coeliack Passion is, when the Meat comes forth crude and impertectly digested: these two differ only in degrees, and their Cures are the same. This Disease is not to be referred to concoction-hurt only, but to the Debility of the retentive Faculty, for the Meat is not long enough receined to be concocted; hence it appeareth, that the Disease cometh from a fault of the Stomach as well as the Guts. The Causes of this Disease are referred to three Heads; First, a cold Distemper of the Stomach and Liver, which generateth phlegmatic and glutinous Humours, which cover the wrinkles of the Stomach, that it cannot retain the Food. Though Retention be made by the astringing Quality, yet it operates by fit Instruments, viz. the Roughness of the inward Coat of the Stomach, which Roughness being taken away, and the wrinklesfilled up by the Humours aforesaid, the Retention is hurt, and the Meat slippeth away without Concoction. Secondly, sharp Humours prick and twitch the parts, by which the Stomach and Guts are provoked to send forth the Meat too soon. Lastly, in malignant Fevers, and other dangerous Diseases, the retentive Faculty is weakened, and Nature being conquered degenerateth into a Lientery. There is another Cause, peculiar to the Coeliack Passion, Namely, the Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins, which hinder the passage of the Chilus to the Liver, and therefore must of necessity be cast forth by the Belly. I need not lay down the Signs of this Disease, being obvious to the Eye. The Causes may be thus discovered. If it come from a cold Distemper, there are sour Belchings, the Excrements are phlegmatic: If the Humours flow from the Head, the Excrements are frothy, and the Flux greater after Sleep, the Signs of a Catarrh appear. If it come from Provocation, there is a Heat in the Hypocondria, sharp and choleric Excrements, great Thust, and a Gnawing in the Stomach. These Diseases if they last long are very dangerous, because Nature is deprived of her Nourishment, and the Body soon falleth into a Dropsy or Atrophy. If it follow other Diseases, it is for the most part deadly. If the Disease hath its original from phlegmatic Humours, covering the wrinkles of the Stomach, you must use those remedies, propounded for the cure of Want of Appetite coming from a cold Cause, with which, make use of those things which are astringent to stay the Flux. Clysters are of no great force, except the Flux be violent, in such Cases they must be astringent, such as shall be prescribed in the 47 Chapter, of the Flux Dysentery. You must purge the peccant Humours, and then strengthen the Stomach, with the Medicines prescribed in the Cure of Want of Appetite; for which purpose Amatus Lusitanus highly commendeth this following Opiate: Take of Conserve of Roses, six Ounces: of the best Treacle six Drachms: Syrup of Quinces, sufficient to make an Opiate: give half an Ounce in the Morning, and fast one hour. If this Flux come from Provocation by choleric Humours, do as you are taught in the Chapter of choleric Vomiting, or you may use those things prescribed in the following Chapter of the Flux Diarrhaea. For that which comes from the Imbecility of the retentive Faculty, now and then give Clysters made of Posset drink, in which red Roses have been boiled, and dissolve Sugar therein, and the yolks of Eggs. Give inwardly strengthening and astringent things, which are prescribed in the following Chapter, and against choleric vomiting. Anoint the Stomach and Belly with this following Ointment: Take of the Oils of Mastic, Wormwood, Mints, and Myrtles, of each, two Drachms: the Powders of Cinnamon, Cloves, and Galingale, of each, one Scruple: the flowers of Pomegranates, and red Roses, of each, half a Scruple; Wax, sufficient to make an Ointment. If this Disease depend upon the Obstruction of the Meseraick Veins, use the Remedies prescribed for opening Obstructions of the Liver.   

CHAP. XLVI. Of the Flux Diarrhaea.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Diarrhoea is a Flux of the Belly, or a great and copious sending forth excrementitious Humours; not of Food or Chylus, as in the Lientery or Caeliack Passion: nor of Blood, with Inflammation or Ulceration of the Intestines, as in the Dysentery, which remaineth next to be spoken of. The Humours voided are, either Choleric, Phlegmatic, Melancholy, or Serous. The Place from whence it comesis, either from the whole Body, or from the Brain, Stomach, Intestines, Liver, Spleen, Mesentery, Womb, and the like. The Cause is, either Critical or Symptomatical; Internal or External. The Disease itself is easily known, from what hath already been said; the difference of the Matter and Humours sent forth are manifest to the Senses. It is somewhat difficult to know from what part of the Body the Humours are sent: If it come from the whole Body, there hath been some Disease, which hath afflicted the whole Body, as Cachexia, Leucophlegmatia, a continual Fever, or excessive Eating or Drinking. If it comes from the Head, the Excrements are frothy, and are voided more violent by Night then by Day, and there is some manifest Disease in the Head, as a Catarrh, Deafness, Lethargy, etc. If the fault be in the Stomach, the Patient filled himself with Food apt to corrupt, or there be Signs of Concoction hurt; viz. If the Humours be sharp, choleric, and stinking, the Concoction is hurt by a hot Distemper of the Stomach; and the expulsive Faculty laboureth to throw it out: If they be crude and phlegmatic, Concoction is hurt by a cold Distemper. If Worms in the Guts be the cause, their Signs seek 〈…〉 Chapter of the Worms. If the Humours come from the Liver, they are choleric, and there appeareth some Distemper of the Liver. If from the Spleen, the Excrements are blackish, and distempers of the Spleen and Hypocondria appear. If from the Mesentery, there is extension; but Humours there, have their original from the Liver or Spleen. If from the Womb, there are the Symptoms of the Womb affected.  
To the Prognostic: I say, the Flux of the Belly, which is Critical, that is easily endured, and is a benefit to the Patient, by which, Humours, which are burdensome to Nature, are discharged, is good. On the contrary, if it be symptomatical, painful, & weakening to Nature, it is evil. If the Excrements are thin, voided often, with Pain, without Feeling when they are voided, or in an acute Disease, all these are evil Signs. If the Excrements voided be yellow as yolks of Eggs, green, black blue, or of divers colours, it is evil. If this Flux afflict a Woman with Child, she is in great danger of Miscarriage. If the Excrements begin to grow thicker, there is hopes of Recovery. If a Flux happeneth in the Dropsy, wherein the whole Body is affected, it causeth a Recovery: understand this where the Patient is young, strong, and the Disease but begun; for if Nature be weakened by the long continuance of the Disease, and the Flux happen, the Disease and Life (hand in hand) go together.  
For the Cure, If the Body abound with Blood, open a Vein; if not, if the Patient hath a Fever, it is good to let Blood. Then purge the Humour offending, with such Purgers, that leave an Astringent behind them: If the Body be strong, vointing is good, for it revelleth and evacuateth the Matter of the Disease. Before and after purging, give cleansing Clysters; after the Body is sufficiently emptied, give astringent; all which the next Chapter will furnish you with. Inwardly you may give astringent und strengthening Medicines, prescribed in the next Chapter; If your Patient be free from a Fever, boil new milk and scum off the Foam, and quench red hot Steel often in it, and let him drink thereof warm, which is a present Remedy. Unripe Mulberryes, and Blackberryes dried and heaten to powder, is good to stay this Flux. This Opiate is excellent: Take of the juice of Quinces, Conserve of Roses, of each, one Ounce: Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, and fine Bowl, of each, one Drachm: Bloodstone, and the Troches of Amber, of each, half a Drachm; with Syrup of Comphrey, make an Opiate, and let the Patient take a little often. Take of the Powder of Rhubarb, one Ounce; the Troches of , two Drachms, mix it, and give the Patient two Drachms twice a day; it evacuateth the Matter and strengtheneth the Bowels. Both the Syrup, Magistery, and Tincture of Coral availeth much; and the Decoction of Juniper Berries in red Wine is no less effectual. If it continue long, and your Patient's strength much decay, give Laudanum among your other Medicines. The Fume of Fleabane and Mullein taken through a hollow Chair is excellent. The Conserve of Hips is good against a choleric Flux, you may mix with it such things, which are astringent: I shall say no more of the Cure of this Disease, but refer you to the next Chapter. Only this, if the Disease come by consent of other parts, seek the Cure in their proper Chapters.   

CHAP. XLVII. Of the Dysentery, or Bloody Flux.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a bloody Looseness of the Belly, depending upon the Ulceration of the Intestines: but it is commonly taken for every Bloody Flux: the Latins call it Tormina, because of the Torture the Patient endureth. Galen mentioneth four kinds of Fluxes, which he calleth Dysenteries. The first is, when any usual Evacuation of Blood, as the Haemorrhoids, or at the Nose, is omitted or impedited, or any part of the body is hurt, and by that means the Blood is sent to the Intestines, and voided by the Belly. The second is, when watery Blood is voided, by reason of the weakness of the of the Liver; of this I shall treat hereafter. The third is, when Blood mixed with Melancholy, and burnt by reason of long Retention in the Liver and Spleen, is evacuated and shineth. The last, and that which I am now to discourse on, is, when Blood and Excrements are mixed together, and sometimes also Matter is mixed therewith, and is evacuated with Torture to the Patient, by reason of Ulceration in the Guts; this is the proper Dysentery. The internal Causes, are sharp and ulcerating Humours, yellow, green, and black Choler: Salt Phlegm in the Head, bred by Heat, or in the Belly by putrefaction, which being brought to the Guts and sticking to them ulcerateth the part. The Causes external, are all things which make sharp and evil Humours, Meats which soon putrify, Fruits which are soon rotten, all things unripe; the Air thus qualifyed: the Winter cold and dry, and the Spring very wet and full of South Winds, cause Dysenteryes in the Summer: Or if the Winter be wet and full of South Winds, and a dry Spring and the North Winds blow much; such a Season produceth Dysenteryes. Sometimes the Air is infected, and produceth a contagious and epidemical Dysentery, which is so infectious, that the Excrements of the Sick, being cast into a Privy, infecteth all that sit over it. The Diagnostic Signs are, often and bloody Evacuations, with Pain in the Belly, Watching, Thirsting, Loathing of Meat, sometimes a Fever. If the small Guts are affected, the Pain is vehement like the pricking of Pins, because they are of more exquisite Sense, they go not to Stool presently after the Pain, and the Blood is mixed with the Excrements. The contrary judge, if it be in the great Guts, the Pain not so sharp, they go to Stool presently after, and the Blood swimmeth on the top of, or a little mixed with, the Excrements. You may judge of the Humour causing this Disease, by the Colour of the Excrements, Age and Temperament of the Patient, and Season of the year. Thus the Prognostics are made. Dysenteryes caused by black Choler are deadly, if it be not Critical, because the Ulcer groweth cancerous: be sure you judge aright between Melancholy and Blood congealed. If Loathing of Meat and a Fever accompany it, it is dangerous. If pieces of Flesh be voided, it is deadly. Much Watching, great Thirst, black, bloody, and stinking Stools without a Mixture of Humours, Hiccough, choleric Vomitings, Pain in the Liver and Midriff, are (for the most part) deadly Signs. If Choler or sharp Diet be the cause of this Disease, it is easily cured; salt-Phlegm is worse, because it sticks longer to the Guts. If this Disease happen to one troubled with a disease in the Spleen, or the Gout, it is good (saith Hypocrates) because the Matter is sent forth: but this is rather a Diarrhae a then a Dysentery.  
To cure, you must evacuate sharp Humours, you must assuage Pain, cleanse, consolidate, and dry the Ulcer, and stop the Flux. To evacuate the Humours, you must purge every second, third, or fourth day, according to your Patient's Age, Strength, Season of the year, and the like. Rhubarb is exceeding good in this Disease, given a Drachm, or a Drachm and an half, or two Drachms; Or made into a Potion thus: Take of Liquorish scraped and sliced, and Raisins of the Sun, of each, three Drachms: Tamarinds and yellow Myrabolans, of each, two Drachms: boil them in Barley and Plantain water to three Ounces: in which strained, infuse a Drachm of Rhubarb thin sliced: then add one Ounce of the Syrup of Roses solutive, and make a Potion: if you think it not strong enough, add of Diacatholicon, three Drachms; or you may give the Rhubarb in Powder, in the aforesaid Decoction. If the Dysentery be accompanied with a Fever, and Inflammation of the Bowels, open a Vein, and let the Patient bleed according to his Strength. Sometimes vomiting is profitable to revel the Humours, which fall from the Stomach to the Intestines; Omit not vomiting if you find the Stomach very foul: Especially if the Sick be inclinable to vomit, for then Nature dictates the right way, and aught to be imitated. In the mean while, you must give assuaging, mild, and cleansing Clysters, afterwards glutinous and astringent, Thus: Take of the Roots of Marshmallows, Butterburr, of each, one handful: Camomile Flowers, one Pugil: the Seeds of Flax, and Fleabane, of each, two Drachms; boil them in Barley water, or Milk Chalybeated, or Mutton, Capon, or Sheep's Head Broth, to a Pint; strain it, and dissolve therein the yolks of four Eggs well beaten, Oil of Roses, and Syrup of Quinces, of each, one Ounce; and make a Clyster. If the Ulcer want cleansing, add Century and Wormwood to the former Decoction: and to the strained Liquor add Turpentine dissolved in the yolk of an Egg, & the chemical Oil of Wax, of each, one Drachm. When there is need of more binding and glutinating, make a Clyster thus: Take of the Roots of Comphry, Tormentill, and Bistort, of each, one Ounce: Plantain, Shepherd's purse, Knotgrass, and Mousear, of each, one handful: Pomegranate Flowers, Myrtles, Acorn cups, and Cypress Nuts, of each, one Drachm: parched Rice, French Barley, and red Roses, of each, one Pugill: Make a Decoction in Smith's water, to a Pint of the straining; add of the Juice of Plantain and Yarrow, of each, one Ounce, and the yolks of two roasted Eggs. Or, instead of the Juices, you may add the Musilage of Gum Traganth, made with Rose or Plantain Water, and the Suet of a Goat, of each, one Drachm, which Emplastic Clysters, as with a Plaster, cover the internal Superficies of the Guts, and preserveth the part from the gnawing of the Matter. All this while you must give internal Medicines of the same Nature, and the oftener, if the upper Guts are ulcerated. First, to cleanse, give Gears Milk; to glutinate, Cow's Milk Chalybiated; with it, you may mix the juice of Plantain, Syrup of Comphry, Sugar of Roses, the Troches of Amber, and the white Troches of Rhasis. Let the Sick eat Rice boiled in Chalybiated Milk: or the Musilage of Gum Traganth and Arabic, drawn as before, in his Broth half a Drachm. The Body being well cleansed, you may make an astringent Decoction to complete the Cure: Take of the Roots of Bistort, Tormentill, and Comphry, the Leaves of Plantain, Yarrow, Shepherd's purse, Horse-tail, Mousear, and Agrimony, of each, one handful: the Seeds of Sorrel, Sumach, and Grape-stones, of each, one Ounce. make a Decoction in four quarts of Water, to the Consumption of half; Sweeten the strained Liquor with the Syrup of Comphry, Quinces, dried Roses, Myrtles, or Coral. Front what hath been said, there is light enough for the Ingenious to make Medicines in any form, to please the palate of his Patient, which I omit, being loath to be tedious; but lest I should omit any thing necessary, make an Opiate thus: Take of Conserve of Roses, and Quinces, of each, one Ounce: Conserve of Comphry Roots, half an Ounce: Coral prepared, Sanguis Draconis, Bolearmenick, sealed Earth, Acatia, Conserve of Sloes, of each, one Drachm:  Ivory and Spodium, of each, one Scruple, with any of the Syrups aforesaid, sufficient to make an Opiate, and give the Quantity of a Chestnut, Morning, Night, and Noon.  
Narcoticks do Wonders, especially, if they be mixed with astringents, and strengtheners: Take of Conserve of Roses and Services, of each, one Drachm: Confectio Alchermes half a Scruple: Laudanum three Grains, make a Bolus. Anoint the Belly with the Oils of Quinces, Myrtles, Roses, Mastich, Wormwood, and the like. The Ointment called Comitissae is of wonderful Virtue. I might here teach you to make Fomentations and Cataplasms, for the purpose aforesaid, of the aforenamed Simples, but seeing the Ingenious need it not, and the Ignorant deserve it not, I shall save that labour, fearing my Book will swell to a greater Volume than I intended. What ever you do, remember to strengthen the Liver, with Cataplasms for that purpose, made of Simples strengthening the Liver. If the Dysentery be Epidemical, and Malignant; Sudorific Medicines are of great force. As Medicines made of Bezoar, and Treacle water: you must begin with Cordials, and proceed as you do in a Malignant Fever.   

CHAP. XLVIII. Of Tenasmus.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek, and Tenasmus in Latin, is a continual desire to go to Stool, yet the Patient voideth nothing but Slime, and bloody Matter; it is caused by an Ulcer in the Intestinum rectum or straight Gut, from which filthy Matter continually flowing, provoketh the expulsive Faculty, hence followeth a continual desire to go to Stool. This Disease properly belongeth to a Dysentery, yet by custom, when only the straight Gut is ulcerated, it is called Tenasmus, therefore I shall not insert the Causes, being the same with the former. For the Knowledge of this Disease, it is easy to distinguish between this and a Dysentery. In a Tenasmus, the desire of going to Stool is continual; in the Dysentery, by Fits only. In the first (notwithstanding all straining) nothing is voided, but Slime, bloody or mattery; in the other, both Exerements and Humours are voided. (The Signs of the Causes seek in the former Chapter.) Tenasmus (for the most part) is easily cured, but is dangerous, if a melancholy Humour be the Cause, lest it turn to an ulcerated Cancer; yet (for the most part) it is of long Continuance, and very troublesome. If a Woman with Child hath the Tenasmus, it brings many Inconveniences to her, and great danger of Miscarriage: Hypocrates saith, she will miscarry; but I have known the contrary. True it is, a Woman seldom escapeth in that condition, for that Motion doth much disturb the Womb; because the same Muscles which serve to cast forth the Excrements, are employed for Delivery. If the Ulcer be near the Fundament or Anus, if it continue long, it turns to an incurable Fistula. For the Cure I shall refer you to the former Chapter, it being the same, both in the Causes, and the part affected, of the same Nature with the other Intestines.   

CHAP. XLIX. Of the Flux of the Liver.  
FLuxus Hepaticus, a Flux of the Liver is, when serous and bloody Humours are voided, much like Water wherein Flesh hath been washed. It is caused by an evil Disposition, consuming the radical Moisture of the Liver, and destroyeth the natural Heat thereof; this Disposition cometh by burning and swooning Fevers, & by a hot Distemper of the Bowels: or by great Coldness, from abundance of Phlegm and Melancholy, which oppresseth the natural Heat.  
Outward Causes, as great draughts of cold Water, extraordinary eating of raw Salads, poisonous and too violent Purges, salt, sharp, and peppered Meats, which parch the Substance of the Liver, may corrupt the natural Hear. There is also a bastard Flux of the Liver, when the radical Moisture is not in fault, nor the Faculty hurt, yet the Blood is impure and corrupt, by the mixture of Choler, Melancholy, or some corrupt Matter: or by its staying too long in the Liver, and the parts adjacent: by which it is made thick, burnt or rotten: or the Spleen is in fault, and doth not suck away the drossy Blood. In this Bastard Fluy, thick and black Blood, and sometimes Blood mixed with divers Humours, is voided. The Signs of this Disease may be gathered from what hath been said, and it differeth from the Dysentery in this, that the Stools are liquid, bloody, and watery, and voided without pain. The Signs of the Causes most be considered. If this defect of the Liver come from a ho Distemper, there went before a burning Fever, or a Fever is present, green Vomits or Stcols, Thirst, Foulness of Body, and Want of Appetite, stinking Evacuations. If from cold, the Stools are not so stinking, nor is there Thirst; the whose Body is colder and bluish. Moist and dry Causes produce contrary Effects; a moist Distemper causeth more Stools and thin: a dry, sewer and thicker, and less in Quantity, with much Thirst. This Disease is very dangerous, because a principal part is affected, and the radical Moisture consumed, which can scarcely be restored, and nothing but destruction to be hoped for; so much the more if the Disease comes of Hear. If it comes in Fevers, the whole Body melteth and putrefieth. If it come from a cold Cause, it losteth the longer, and turns into an incurable Dropsy. Though a Bastard-Flux of the Liver be dangerous, yet it is far less than a true one: because the Liver is sound, and the Distemper may be taken away, if the Humours which corrupt the Blood be evacuated. In the Cure of this Disease, your main work is to strengthen the Liver, correct the Distemper, and stay the Flux. If it come from a cold Cause, deal with it as with a Dropsy. But if it come of a hot Cause (as for the most part it doth,) you may gently evacuate the peccant Humours with Rhubarb, as you are taught in the Cure of the Dysentery. Then you must give Medicines, which strengthen the Liver: Take of the Roots of Succory, Sorrell, Bloodwort, and Monks-Rubath, of each, one Ounce: the Leaves of Plantain, Endive, Succory, Purslane, Agrimeny, and Dandelion, of each, one handful: Wormwood, half a handful: Red , two Drachms: Coriander seeds prepared, a Drachm: red Roses, one Pugill, the shave of Ivory and Spodium, of each, a Drachm: boil them in Barley water to a Quart, and in the straining, dissolve, of the Syrups of Quinces, Vinegar Simple, and dried Roses, of each, two Ounces; of the Oil of Vitriol, as much as will make it moderately sharp; and make a Julep for six Doses, to be given Morning and Evening, First and Last. The Syrup of Myrtles, of Succory simple, or compound with Rhubarb, the Syrup, Tincture, or Magistery of Pearl is very good, and may be made use of as the former, or made into a Julep with Plantain, or other cooling Waters. The Liver of a Wolf is much commended, and it may be made into an Electuary, Opiate, or into any other form, with the aforenamed ingredients. The Tops of young Nettles boiled in Broth or Water are good, and the juice taken is more powerful to stop the Flux and to purify the Blood. It is good to apply an Epitheme to the Region of the Liver, made of the aforenamed Ingredients, or as many of them as you think good. It is convenient that, among your Medicines, which you give to stop the Flux, you administer such as are restorative, because in this Disease the Body is much consumed. Riverius much commendeth this distilled Water, and the truth is, it deserveth commendation: Take a fat Capon and a Partridge; pull and draw them, and filth it bellies with Succory, Agrimony, and Snails, of each, one Handful: Conserve of Roses, three Ounces: Plantain and Coriander Seeds prepared, of each, two Drachms: Citron Myrabolans, one Drachm: the Leavs of Bloodwort, half a handful: the Troches of Amber and Spodium, of each, four Scruples: the Powder of the Electuary de Gemmis, Triasantalon, and Diamargariton frigidum, of each, one Drachm: Sprinkle them with Styptic Wine, and put them into the Fowls Bellies: boil them in a close Vessel, in four Pints of Water, till half be consumed; then put them into a glass Limbeck with three Ounces of good Wine, and distil them in Balaeo: give a little of the Water often by itself, or with other Medicines.   

CHAP. L. Of the Worms.  
Worms (for the most part) breed in the Guts, therefore I shall speak of them here. Galen Propounds three kinds of Worms; the First, are round and long, and are called Teretes, and are more common than the rest, and are bred in the Guts, but do sometimes get up into the Stomach. The Second are called Ascarides, they are little and small, like threads, and they commonly lie in the lower part of the thick Intestines, and over against the Sphincter-Muscle: The third sort are broad Worms and long, though seldom seen: sometimes they are voided of an incredible length. They are bred of such Nourishment as easily putrefieth in the Stomach: hence it cometh to pass that Children, and such as are gluttonous, who eat much Fruit and such things as easily putrify, especially more being eaten, before the former is digested, are troubled with Worms. The Signs of Worms in the Guts are divers, not in all alike: a stinking and sour Breath, Stools like Cow dung; in colour, Grace like Potter's earth. Sometimes there is a continual Fever, Heaviness, Fainting, Loathing, Vomiting, unquenchable Thirst, and sometimes cold Sweats: an unequal Pulse, the Cheeks are, sometimes red, sometimes blue, the Eyes shine, the Nose itcheth, the Teeth gnash, a dry Cough. There is pain in the Belly, sometimes by Inflammation, and sometimes by Distension, some start in their Sleep. Sometimes the Body pineth, and the Patient hath an insatiable Appetite, this is a Sign of flat Worms, which eat up the Food. The Ascarides are known by the itching of the Fundament, and the Excrements are many times full of them. Sometimes the eating away of the Gums is a Sign of Worms. Though to Children and older Folk Worms are common, and little feared, yet many and dangerous Symptoms and Diseases are bred by them. In the beginning of a Disease, it is evil for Worms to be voided alive or dead, especially alone without Dung: if they be alive, they signify great Crudity, and Want of Nourishment; if dead, great Putrefaction, by which they are killed. In the declining of a Disease, Worms coming forth with the Excrements, is a good Sign. The Cure of the Worms consisteth in giving Medicines to kill them, and to evacuate them being killed. The best way to kill them, or at least to drive them to the lower Intestines, are these Simples which follow, viz. all the sorts of Wormwood, Southernwood, Calamint, Dogs-tooth, Century, Horehound, Dittany, Hyssop, Rew, Savin, Peach leavs, Coriander seed, Heart's horn, Lupins, Mints, Garlic, Elecampane, and many other: of these Simples may several forms of Medicines be composed, mixing with them such things as purge, not only to kill, but also to carry away the Cause of Worms; Rhubarb is much commended, because it may safely be given, if a Fever be present. Take of Rhubarb, one Drachm, yellow Sanders, half a Scruple; infuse them, in Purslane water, three Ounces, strain them, and dissolve the Powder of Rhubarb, and the Powder against the Worms (which you may have at the Apothecaryes') of each, one Scruple, Syrup of Roses, one Ounce; mix them, and make a Potion. If the Fever be not great, add Hiera picra to your Potion, more or less according to the strength of your Patient, afterwards give a Clyster, made of the Decoction of Liquorish, Raisins, Figs; or Chicken Broth sweetened with Sugar and Honey of Roses; such Clysters are good to draw them down into the thick Guts. Afterwards give a Clyster made after this manner: Take of Wormwood, Southernwood, Century, of each, one handful: Lupins, half an Ounce: the Seed of Wormwood, and Coriander seed prepared, of each, two Drachms: In a half Pint or a Pint of the strained Liquor, (according umo the age of the Patient) dissolve one Ounce or two of the Oil of Wormwood, and Salt, one Drachm and an half. To bring them out being killed, add to the former Clyster, Benedicta Laxativa, Hiera picra, and Cassia newly drawn, of each, three Drachms, or more if your Patient can bear it. Rondoleitus doth highly commend Diaearthamum; and the Infusion of Agarick in Oxymel, because it not only killeth Worms, but purgeth Phlegm and corrupted Chyle, of which, Worms breed and are nourished: but this remember, they are not proper Remedies in Fevers. Therefore, if the Sick hath a Fever, you must be careful how you administer hot Medicines, the like you must observe, if you administer any thing to people of hot Natures. Women do commonly give Wormseed to their Children for the Worms, mixed with sweet things, which is a Medicine not to be despised. But, lest it should hurt by its Hear, infuse it two hours in Vinegar, afterwards mix it with boiled Honey, and make an Opiate, which Amatus Lusitanus much commendeth. Forrestus as highly commendeth burnt Hartshorn given with Raisins. Aloes are much in use likewise, but the Pill de Aloe rosata is much better, if half a Drachm be given at Night. The Juice of Lemmons is good, (if there be a Fever) and a good corrigent for hotter Medicines. If they have not a Fever, the Chemical Oil of Juniper given one drop in Broth is excellent: and no less effectual is spring Water, made sharp with Oil of Vitriol. Many (and those very learned) Physicians have much commended Quicksilver, who say it may be taken in a moderate quantity with admirable success, and without the least danger to the Body: for Dioscorides saith, that it killeth not otherwise, but by tearing the Guts with its great weight; therefore we fear not to give it in a small Quantity, because its Weight and Roundness will easily carry it through the Body. Of this opinion also was Mathiolus, Brassavolus, Fallovius, Platerus, Fabricius, Hildanus, John Baptista Zappata, Baricellus' Sanctorius, and many others, who extol the benefit of this Medicine to the heavens for its Virtue, and say they never found any inconvenience by it. Those that dread the use of that, let them use Mercurius Dulcis well prepared; the Dose for once taking, is from eight to ten Grains, for a Boy of ten years of Age; it will be better if you mix, of Diagridium, half the weight of the former, to carry it sooner out of the Body, and to expel the Worms, if you give it to a child younger, or to a weak Child, give it in a smaller quantity. Lastly, you may make Topics, of what form you please, to apply to the Belly: Take of the Oils of Wormwood, Mints, and bitter Almonds, of each, one Ounce: the Juice of Wormwood and Rue, of each, two Ounces: Wormseed, Aloes, and Elicampane in powder, of each, a Drachm: Colloquintida, six Drachms: of the Gall of an Ox, two or three Ounces, with Wax, sufficient to make an Unguent, or so much (if you please) as will make a Plaster, and apply it; if the Sick be lose, leave out the Coloquintida.   

CHAP. LI. Of the immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids.  
Though a moderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids be healthful, and preserveth a man from many and dangerous Diseases, viz. the Pleurisy, Peripneumonia, Stone in the Kidneys, Madness, Melancholy, and from many other Diseases; yet the immoderate Flux is very perilous, and brings many pernicious Diseases, viz. Weakness of the whole Body, Coolness of the Bowels, and Liver, an Arrophy, Cachexia, and Dropsy for want of natural Heat, for by this Flux the Blood is wasted, which is the Treasure of life, and Cherisher of the whole Body. This Flux hath the same Cause that other bleedings have, viz. Blood offending in Quantity or Quality. In Quantity, when plenty of Blood it brought to the Haemorrhoid Veins, and dilateth and openeth the Orifices, or overmastereth the retentive Faculty, hence followeth a Flux. If the Blood offend in Quality, as Sharpness and Thinness, it stirs up the expulsive Faculty, and sendeth forth both good and bad Blood. This Disease is known by weakness, and a yellowish Colour of the Body, coming upon a long Flux of the Haemorrhoids. If too much Blood be the Cause of the Flux, there went before, Causes of increase of Blood; and the beginning of the Flux was a refreshment to the Patient; but the Flux continuing, he grows weak. If the Flux came from Sharpness and Thinness of the Blood, there preceded Causes which breed Choler, or sharp Water, the Body is of a choleric Constitution, the Blood floweth violently and is shining, whereas if it offend only in Quantity, it is black and Melancholy. To perform the Cure, you must staunch or moderate the Blood, by revelling, deriving, thickening, and astringing Means. First, open a Vein in the Arm, and if the Patient hath not lost much Blood, but aboundeth therewith, draw Blood plentifully; otherwise, draw little and often. Rub and bind the superior parts, and Cup and Scarify the Shoulders that the Blood may be reveled. By gentle Purges, derive the choleric Humours, which make the Blood so violent: purge with such things as have an astringent Quality, as Rhubarb, Myrabolans, Tamarinds, such as are prescribed against vomiting of Blood, and bleeding at the Nose. But beware lest the Body be too much bound, lest by straining, the Veins will be more open: therefore after the use of astringents, let the Patient eat sharp French Prunes before and after Meat. Then you must give such things as may thicken the Blood, (have recourse to the 19, 30 and 39 Chapters.) Lastly, you must prepare astringent Fomentations and Unguents to be applied to the Haemorreoid Veins: boil Mullein in Smith's water, and foment; or you may add other Herbs of the same Nature to it, thus: Take of the Roots of Bistort, half a Pound: the Leaves of Plantain, Mullein, Shepherd's purse, Bramble, and Oak Leavs, of each, two Handfuls: Pomegranate Flowers and Peels, Galls and Sumach berries, of each, one Handful: red Roses, two pugils; Myrtles, half a Drachm: Alum, one Ounce, boil them in three parts of Smith's Water, and one of red Wine, and foment the part therewith, but let it be but moderately hot. Or with a greater quantity of the Simples, you may make a Bath for the Sick to sit in, but let it not be hot. Or you may make an Ointment with their Juices, and Bolearmenick. Terra Sigillata, Sanguis Draconis, Ceruse, Vinegar, and such like; Unguentum Comitissae is good to anoint the Veins and the Back. The Dripping of un Eel is much commended. Or take the Hairs of an Hare burnt, Spider's Webs mixed with the white of an Egg, and apply it. Or touch the Vein with Oil of Vitriol, and, in a desperate Case, with Aqua Fortis. If the Veins should ulcerate, cleanse the Ulcer as you are taught in divers places of this Treatise. But be sure you consider the State of the Liver and Spleen; if they be hot or weak, cool or strengthen them, as you are taught in their proper Chapters.   

CHAP. LII. Of the pain of the Haemorrhoids.  
THe Haemorrhoid-Veins, sometimes do swell and cause very great pain. The cause of this differeth not from the former, for the blood offending in quantity or quality, and cannot open the ends of the Veins, causeth a Tumour, or inflammation. These tumors are sometimes like Grapes, Mulberries, Warts, and sometimes like bladders: Some are external, others internal. It is convenient that you make a distinction between the Haemorrhoids, and the clefts of the Fundament, which are like those chaps which are in the lips, caused by sharp Northerly winds: and the Tumour called Condiloma, which is in colour, black, as the Haemorrhoids are, in form, long, and not in the Veins; whereas the Haemorrhoids are in the Veins, and round. There is also in the Fundament sometimes to be found a carnuons swelling, called Thymi, and sometimes in the privities of Men and Women, and they are like the flowers of Thyme, they are little, white, or reddish, without pain; the Haemorrhoids are for the most part black, greater, and painful. The piles are greater than the former, they are called Fici, they are blue and painful, are like the Haemorrhoids, only they are a carnuous swelling, and the Haemorrhoids is a swelling of the Veins. The Piles are of a Malign quality, and do sometimes ulcerate. The swelling of the Haemorrhoids is not dangerous, unless it be inflamed, and Gangrene: Or if it suppurate and come to an Ulcer, and chance to turn to a Fistula, which may prove incurable. To cure, you must bleed, and make such revulsions prescribed in the former Chapter; likewise open the Saphaena. You must not use strong purges, lest you draw more humours to the place, yet you must keep the body soluble, lest the voiding of hard dung greatly increase pain; keep the body soluble by this or the like Medicine: Take of the leaves of Lettuce, Borage, bugloss, and Mallows, of each, one handful: Polypody of the Oak three ounces; Liquorish, Raisins stoned, and Currant, of each, half an ounce: bugloss, Borage, and Violet-flowers, of each, one pugil; Boil it in running water to a pint and an half; Strain it, and infuse therein an Ounce of Senna, (the liquor being kept hot) six hours; then put in of Cassia newly drawn, one ounce, and let it stand an hour; strain it, and Clarify it, and sweeten it with two ounces of syrup of Violits, make four potions thereof, and give it twice in a day, first and last. Then you must apply such things to them which hath power to case pain, viz. the Oil of Peach-kernells, Sweet Almonds, Nuts, Eggs, Box: or oils of the seeds of Poppy, or Henbane. Of these may divers Lineaments be made, good to appease pain, discuss the Tumour, and to dry the Ulcers: Take of the oil of Eggs, (made in a Leaden Mortar) the oil of Violets, and Roses, of each one ounce; Populeon, half an Ounce, the Oil of Box, two scruples, with Hen's Grease, and Goat's Suet, sufficient to make a Lineament, and apply it, or take of the juice of Purslane, and honey, of each, two ounces; white Diachylon, mollified with the Oil of Chamomell, two Ounces, Opium, six grains; make an Unguent. Horstius commendeth wild Flax made into an Ointment, with Hog's grease. To discuss the Tumour, the Balsam of Sulphur is much commended, or this Cataplasm is good. Take of Plantain, Pilewort, and Mallows of each a like quantity; make a decoction in Milk, till the liquor be half wasted, strain out the herbs, and make a Cataplasm with the crumbs of white bread; adding to it the Oil of Violets, Roses, Myrtles, and the like. Or a Cataplasm made of the heads of Leeks, is much commended. Green Elder leaves boiled to slime, and applied, and often renewed, are very good. The Lungs of a Sheep or Goat taken hot, and some slices thereof applied, or if the sick sit upon them, it oftentimes proveth effectual. If you see good, you may make a fomentation, with Mullein, Mallows, Marshmallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Flax, and Fenugreek seed in Milk, water, or Oil, or all of them; or with a great quantity make a Bath: Or a fume made of the powder of Darnell, Mullein, Pilewort, dried and thrown upon hot coals, and the Sumen received. The decoction of yarrow, Mullein, and Pilewort, is a good Medicine to take inwardly, or a Syrup made of their Juices, against both Haemothoids and Piles. If they will not open, bleed them with Leeches, or rub them till they bleed. If the Piles be ulcerated, the Balsam of Sulphur, the Oil of Eggs stirred in a Leaden Mortar, is good to cleanse them. To conclude, those that are subject to these distempers, aught to have an Issue in the Leg.   

CHAP. LIII. Of a hot distemper of the Liver.  
A Hot distemper of the Liver is either with, or without matter; but for the most part, a hot distemper of the Liver, doth produce hot and choleric humours: It is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; it is caused either by hot weather, violent exercise, anger, or such like passions of the mind: hot or spiced nourishment, drinking much Wine, or any thing that is naturally hot. This distemper is known by loathing of meat, the body Costive and hot, especially the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet, the whole body groweth lean; a bitterness of the mouth, and for the most part a Fever; if there be plenty of humours, the patiented vomiteth, or evacuateth downwards Choler; he is the worse for hot, and the better for cold things. This distemper, though not very dangerous in it solf, yet may be the cause of many diseases: It is hard to cure it if the stomach be cold, because what you give to cool the Liver, increaseth the distemper of the stomach. To cure it, you must cool the Liver, and evacuate Choler. First give a Laxative and cooling Clyster; then, open the Liver-Vein in the right arm, and draw as much blood as the patient's strength will well bear, either at once or at several times. Then make an Apozem to purge Choler, thus, Take the roots of yellow Docks, or Muncks' Ruharb, Sorrel, Succory, and Licoris, of each one Ounce, the Leaves of Endive, Succory, Fumitory, Dandelion, and Borage, of each one handful; of the great cold seeds, of each three Drachres: Of the Cordial flowers, of each, one Pugill, Tamarinds one Ounce; boil them to a Pint and an half, then add to infuse of Rhubarb and Senna, of each half an Ounce, Syrup of Succory, with Rhubarb, and of Roses Solutive, add at the last, and clarify it, aromatize it with two drachms of yellow . Let the Patient take it four mornings. Let his ordinary drink be Barleywater, and put therein the Syrup of Lemons or Maidenhair; or, if he delight in things that are sharper, make it sharp with the spirit of Sulphur, or Vitriol. Whey likewise is very good, it is best if it be made by turning the milk with Vinegar, or the juice of Lemons, and add such things as I advised for the Barley water. Likewise you may prepare Juleps to cool the Liver. Take the waters of Endive, Succory, Sorrel, and bugloss, of each one ounce, the Syrrups of Lemons, Sweet Apples, and Pomegranates, of each one ounce: of the Syrup of Coral, compound half an ounce, the Oil of Vitriol, ten drops, mix them, and make a Julep for four doses; Or, Take of the Conserve of the flowers of bugloss, Violets and Succory, of each one Ounce, the conserve of Hips, one Ounce and an half, with Syrup of Lemons make an Opiate, and take a little often. Likewise you may make a decoction of China, and Hepatick herbs, sweetening it with the aforenamed Syrrups, and taking half a pint in the morning. Likewise of the aforenamed cooling herbs you may make an Apozen to cool the Liver, or you may make a Bath to cool and moisten the body.   

CHAP. LIV. Of the Inflammation of the Liver.  
THe Inflammation of the Liver, is a hot Tumour, occasioned by blood, out of its proper vessels, sent into the substance of the Liver. This Tumour ariseth either from pure blood, or else the blood is mixed with Choler, Phlegm, or Melancholy, so producing either a true, Erysipelous, Oedematous, or Schirrous Phlegmon. This Tumour is sometimes in the gibbous, or hollow part, of the Liver. The causes of this disease are too much blood, or the heat, thinness or sharpness thereof, and by its motion in the Veins it is sometimes thrown into the Liver: For, the Liver being hot and in pain, doth attract the humours to itself: or by its weakness, is forced to receive the burden that stronger parts lay upon it, according to the Proverb, The weakest goes to the walls. Sometimes an obstruction of the Liver, by retaining the thick humours, which by a preternatural heat is inflamed. The external causes are the same which cause heat of the Liver. To which add a stroke, or fall, bruising the Liver, or Medicines applied to a cold stomach, or a Cupping-glass fastened to the Region of the Liver. The signs of the disease, are heaviness in the right Hypocondrion, a weighty pain sometimes extending itself to the throat, and sometimes to the lower ribs, a Fever more or less violent, according to the nature of the humour offending, viz. Choler, or Phlegm, and difficulty of breathing, because the motion of the Diaphragma is hindered, a dry chough, an unequal pulse and like a Saw, the Tongue at the beginning red, afterwards black, great thirst, loathing of meat, vomiting Choler, and sometimes Phlegm, a pale and yellowish colour of the whole body, red and flaming Urine, the sick hath more ease lying upon his back, then upon either side: for the most part he is costive, because the heat of the Liver drieth up the moisture of the Chylus; but if the Liver be weak also, the sick is lose, and the excrements are like water wherein flesh hath been washed. If the Gibbous part of the Liver be affected, you may feel the Tumour in the right Hypochondrion, the breath is fetched with difficulty, and the pain reacheth to the right side of the Throar. If the cavity of the Liver be affected, the Tumour is not felt, but because that part lieth upon the stomach there is greater loathing of meat, vomiting, thirst, and sometimes looseness of the belly, by reason of the corruption, which the distemper of the Liver causeth in the Stomach. The signs of the causes are thus known, if the inflammation be of blood only, the face is either red or duskish, the Pulse is great and soft, the Urine is red and thick, the body is full of flesh, and there is sweetness in the mouth; and for the most part, the Patient is young and hath fed high. If Choler cause the inflammation, the face is yellow, the pulse swift, hard and unequal, the Urine thin and yellow, the body thin, the eyes hollow, a bitter taste in the mouth, and Choleric vomitings. The Symptoms of the inflammation of the Abdomen, differ little from them of the inflammation of the Liver, therefore let us a little consider the difference. If the Muscles of the Abdomen be inflammed, the skin is extended, and if you lay hold of it, you cannot move it, but if the Liver be inflamed, if you lay hold on the Muscles, they yield, and the Tumour appeareth deeper. If these Muscles be inflamed, the colour appeareth fresh, and in its natural colour; but if the Liver be inflamed, the colour is yellow as in the Jaundice, you must likewise distinguish between the inflammation of the Liver, and a Pleurisy. Sometimes moist and bloody stools, distinguish it; in the Pleurisy the pain will be vehement, and great towards the right Hypocondria, no change of colour, the cough great and dry, with bloody spittle for the most part, the pulse hard and like a Saw; the inflammation of the Liver is manifosted by the signs laid down before. If the Mesentery be inflamed, the Tumour appeareth beneath the region of the Liver, the stools will be thin and moist, with unconcocted matter; if the party recover, the matter quickly is concocted, the colour of the face is not much altered. Prog. every inflammation of the Liver is dangerous, for the most part deadly: if the Patient be not cured, or killed presently, the disease ends in a Dropsy, Atrophy, or Consumption. If Choler be the cause of the inflammation, it is worse than if blood were the cause, and the Fever is stronger. The Hicchough in this distemper, is a very evil sign, for it shows the greater Malignity of the inflammation, which doth disturb the Stomach. A Flux joined with it, unless it be critical, and the humours evacuated, concocted, is deadly. To cure it, follow the rules prescribed in the 42. Chapt. Of the Inflammation of the Stomach. Let his drink be Barley water, with a little Syrup of Violets. If the disease be stubborn, to the former Medicines prescribed in the 42. Chapter, add this following Apozeme. Take of the roots of Smallage, Fennell and Parsly, of each, two ounces; the leaves of Agrimony, Violets, Succory, and Maidenhair, of each one handful; Polypody of the Oak four Ounces, Chammell flowers, one Ounce; the seeds of Fennell, Gromwell, and Parsley, of each one Drachm: boil it to a Pint and an half, and in the strained Liquor infuse an Ounce of Senna, and three Drachms of Rhubarb; afterwards, add of Syrup of violets and Vinegar Simple, of each, two Ounces: divide it into four Doses, and let the Sick take every other Morning. Then make an Epithem, Lineament, Unguent, or Plaster, thus: Take of the Juice of Endive, Succory, Sorrell, and Plantain, of each, half an Ounce: of the Oils of Roses, Wormwood, Camomile, and Myrtles, of each, one Ounce: Vinegar, half an Ounce: boil it to the Consumption of the Juices: then add of the three  in Powder, of each, one Scruple: with Wax sufficient, make an unguent, and anoint the Region of the Liver. If the Pain and Fever decreaseth, you must add to the former Ointment, such things as dissolve and mollify as well as cool: as the Flowers of Camomile and Melilot, Barly-meal, the Roots of Marsh-mallows, Calamus Aromaticus, and Cypress: the Leaves of Mallows, Violets, and Agrimony: the Seeds of anise, Fennell, Faenugreek, and Flax. Or with these Simples you may make a Fomentation.  
If the Inflammation be not discussed, as it seldom can, it tends to Suppuration; otherwise to a Gangrene. The Imposthume, for the most part, is complete in twenty days, it is very dangerous, and few escape thereof. But if it be little, and only in one part of the Liver, and the Matter white which comes forth by Urine and Stool, the Sick escapeth; if it be in the outward part of the Liver, it may be opened by an actual Cautery, and if the Matter which cometh forth be white, the Patient escapeth. After the Imposthume is broken, there remaineth an Ulcer, if the Patient continueth: the Ulcer is hard to cure, and bringeth the Patient into a Dropsy or Marasmus. But sometimes sharp, choleric, and corroding Humours in the Liver produce an Ulcer without Inflammation. This Ulcer is discovered by the Signs following: Pain in the right Hypocondrion, mattery and bloody Stools, and pain in the Bowels as in the Dysentery; only here the Weight and Pricking about the Liver maketh a Distinction: sometimes pieces of the Liver have been voided by Stool. If the outward part of the Liver be ulcerated, the Urine is mattery, without any Disease in the Bladder or Reins. The Colour is yellow, sometimes small Pimples in the Face, a stinking Breath, Loathing Flesh, and the Sick fainteth often. An Ulcer in the Liver is accompanied (for the most part) with an Hective Fever; for the most part Death lodgeth not far from it: that which followeth an Imposthume and Inflammation is more dangerous than the other. If it tends to Suppuration, it is hardly cured, yet you must proceed, thus: Take of the Emplaster of Diachilon magnum, and Melilot, of each, one Ounce: Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar, half an Ounce: Oil of Wormwood and Wax, make a Plaster, and spread it upon Leather in the form of an half Moon, and apply it to the Region of the Liver. Make use also of mollifying Cataplasms. Give inwardly Chicken Broth, and boil therein Marsh and common Mallows, Figs, etc. When the Imposthume is broken, make use of the Medicines prescribed for the Cure of an Ulcer in the Stomach; give him to drink Whey or Barleywater and Honey of Roses. If the Suppuration be outwardly and after the opening thereof, the Matter is filthy, red and stinking, Death must perfect the Cure; but if the Matter evacuated be white and concocted, there is hopes of Recovery.   

CHAP. LV. Of the Obstruction of the Liver.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, or the Obstruction of the Liver, is a Disease organical, a preternatural Straitness of the Branches of the Vena Porta, and Vena Cava, as also the whole Substance of the Liver, which hinders the distribution of Blood and Nourishment, by reason of a preternatural Humour which shutteth up the Passages. The Quantity or Quality of the Humours may be the Cause of Obstruction. Plenty of Humours cause Obstruction in the Cavity of the Vessels, which by fullness are so distended, that they cannot contract themselves to send forth the Matter. The Quality of the Humours is gross, tough, and clammy Excrements sticking to the Passages, and are more thickened by the Heat of the part: viz. Phlegm which easily groweth thick and clammy; Mela choly, which is cold, thick, and drossy: Choler, staying long in the Liver, grows thick: and sometimes the Thickness of the Blood may cause Obstruction; sometimes gross Vapours may cause Obstruction, as in the Colic. All things which make thick and clammy Humours, as a cloudy and thick Air; Meats, that are astringent, cold, of gross Juice, hard of Concoction being immoderately eaten, or more eaten, than the Constitution of the Body can well dispense with; as Beef, Bacon, Pork, and Fish dried in the Smoke; Cheese, Pease, Beans, etc. Pears, Quinces, Medlars, Services, and Mushrooms: Bread not well baked, muddy Ale, and astringent Wine. A cold Distemper of the Liver, which cannot well concoct the Chylus, but turns it into a salt, tartarous, and mucilaginous Matter, may be the Cause of Obstruction. Distempers of the Stomach, by reason of which it cannot well concoct, but beget crude Chyle, which the Liver cannot well order, may be the Cause. Diagoras: In this Distemper, the Excrements are not natural, but are moist, white, chylous, or bloody: The Urine, white, thin, and marry: when the Patient walketh fast, or up a Hill, he breatheth with difficulty: the Face pale, the whole Body lean and dull: a sense of Weight in the Hypocondria, especially after Meat, and though the Sick hath eat Meat light, and little in Quantity, yet he seemeth as if he had overgorged himself. Sometimes the Hypocondria is extended; and a dry Cough. The Causes are thus known: If the Pain be heavy, extended and fixed, gross Humours are the Cause. Sharper Pains, and more movable, declare Wind. If cold Humours be the Cause; there is more Weight, the Face is pale, no Thirst nor Fever: a thick and cold Diet preceded: the contrary Signs declare hot Humours to be the cause, Choler maketh the Face yellow, and blood-red. Prog: An Obstruction newly begun may be easily cured: but an old, hardly. If the Obstruction of the Liver be not removed, it breeds many dangerous Diseases: in a word, it may be well called the Mother of all Diseases. That which comes of crude & phlegmatic Humours is worse than that which comes of Wind. You must begin the Cure with universal Evacuations, suitable to the Nature of the Disease, the Strength and Constitution of the Patient. If Blood abound, open the Liver-Vein, but beware lest you cool the Body too much. Then you must make opening-Broths, thus: Take of the Roots of Smallage, Parsley, Fennell, and Asparagus, of each, one Ource: Agrimony, Maidenhair, and Polypody of the Oak, of each, one handful: the Seeds of anise, Parsley, and Fennell, of each, one Drachm; boil them in Chicken or Mutton Broth, and strain it; every Morning give the Sick a Porringer full, dissolving first therein, Cream of Tartar, one Drachm; Salt of Wormwood and Tamarisk, of each, half a Scruple. Or every other day infuse in his Broth, half an Ounce of Senna, and give it as before. Baths and Fomentations made of sottning and opening things are good: Take of the Roots of Marsh mallows, Lillyes, and Briony, of each, two Ounces; the middle Rind of Tamarisk, the Bark of Caper Roots, the Roots of Sea holly, Cypress, and dwarf-Elder, of each, one Ounce: The Leaves of Marsh and common Mallows, Camomile, Mints, Germander, Pennyroyal, Violets, and Wormwood, of each, one handful: the Seed of Flax, Foenugreek, and Juniper Berries, of each, one Ounce: the Flowers of Broom, Elder, Camomile, and Mililot, of each, one Handful: boil them in chalybiated Water, and (if you please) add one part of white-Wine, and foment the Region of the Liver: or with a greater Quantity make a Bath. Your Wit (if you have any) will teach you how to make Unguents, of the same ingredients, to anoint the part, after fomenting. It is good to have in readiness an Opiate that openeth Obstructions, strengtheneth the Stomach, Liver, and other parts; Take of the Conserve of Wormwood, two Ounces: the Root of Elicampane, and Citron Peels candied, of each, one Ounce: Candied Nutmegs, half an Ounce: one Myrabolan candied, Confectio Alchermes, two Drachms: Diarrhodon Abbatis, one Drachm: Salt of Wormwood and Tamarisk, of each one Scruple: Saffron, and Ambergreese, of each, half a Scruple: with the Syrup of the five opening Roots make an Opiate, of which let the Patient take the quantity of a Wal-nut every Merning.  
In this case steel-Medicines are of excellent use, and well approved of by Galenists as well as Paracelsians: sometimes the Powder may be given alone, or of it may be made several sorts of Medicines, as steel-Wine, Syrups, Opiates, Pills, and Lozenges. Some infuse it in white Wine or Claret, and drink thereof: many ways are steeled-Wines prepared, I shall only prescribe that which myself have found effectual and leave every man to his liberty to prepare it as he sees good. Take the powder of Steel prepared with Vinegar, three Ounces: the Roots of dwarf-Elder, two Ounces: the Root of Elicampane and Sea-Holly, of each, one ounce: yellow  and Epithimium, of each, one Ounce: the Flowers of Camomile, Broom, and Rosemary, of each, half an Ounce: (it will not be the worse if you add two Ounces of Senna, and half an Ounce of Rhubarb:) the best white-Wine, three Quarts: Let them infuse in a Bath twelve days, twice a day you must shake them: let the Patient take two or three Ounces every Morning as long as need requireth. Likewise may Pills, Opiates, and Syrups be prepared of the infusion and extract of Steel. But this remember, that after all Medicines made of Steel must much Excercise be used, to make the Strength of the Medicine go to the parts obstructed. Quercetan commendeth the compound Powder of Aron to open Obstructions: two Drachms taken in a Morning in some convenient Liquor, for several days: See the fourth Book: But of all Medicines, to open Obstructions, those made of Vitriol, Tartar, and Steel claim the pre-eminence: if Dr. Dunce have not the administering thereof.   

CHAP. LVI. Of the Schirrus of the Liver.  
THis Disease is a hard Tumour in the Liver without Pain: it is either perfect or imperfect; the perfect is without Pain or Sense: that which is imperfect hath some Pain. This is bred by crude, viscous, and clammy Humours sent from other parts, or bred in the Liver by evil Concoction. The imperfect Schirrus is caused by immoderate use of discussing, or repercussive Medicines; or things which by cooling and binding do thicken the Matter, and keep it from dissolving. The Signs are, a Hardness in the right Hypocondrion, and a great Heaviness, especially, when the Breath is fetched, neither Fever nor Pain, as in the Inflammation; or at lest but little Pain, when the Schirrus is imperfect: the Face is pale and greenish, because there is no good Blood produced by it. The whole Body decayeth, because there is no Sanguification, nor Distribution of Nourishment, as aught to be. To the Prognostic, Galen saith thus; an insensible Schirrus is incurable: that which is sensible is curable, though with much difficulty. A Schirrus turns to the Dropsy incurable; sometimes it causeth the Jaundice: and sometimes it cometh in the Jaundice, both which are very dangerous. To cure it in the beginning of the Disease, you must take away the antecedent Cause, as you are taught in the preceding chapter of Obstructions, all the Medicines there mentioned are proper for this. Riverius much commendeth these Pills following: Take of the best Aloes, and Gum Ammoniacum, dissolved in Vinegar, strained, and again made thick, of each, half an Ounce: Mercurius Dulcis, (well prepared) two Drachms: Diagridium, one Drachm: with Oxymell of Squills, make a Mass for Pills, of which, take half a Drachm in the Morning, for twenty or thirty days, but sometimes rest, and in the intermediate days, make use of the steeled and other Medicines, mentioned in the Chapter. Likewise the Fomentation and Unguent there prescribed may be made use of to mollify this Tumour.   

CHAP. LVII. Of the Jaundice.  
THe Jaundice is a spreading of a yellow Colour over the whole Body. There is a two fold Jaundice, the yellow and the black; the black proceeds from the Spleen, and is rare. I shall here speak only of the yellow Jaundice. This Disease comes from three principal Causes: First, from an evil Disposition of the Liver, as an Inflammation, Obstruction, Schirrus, or Weakness thereof, that it cannot separate the Choler from the Blood, and by that means it is carried over the whole Body. A second Cause is the Obstruction of the Gall, which hinders its passage into the Guts, and so remains in the Blood, with which it is carried to all parts of the Body. The Gall is obstructed, either by gross Phlegm, or Choler abounding, and sometimes by little stones bred therein, etc. The third Cause is the Malignity of the choleric Humour, which consisteth, either in the great Quantity which Nature cannot regulate, nor separate from the Blood: or fills the Bag so full that it cannot contract itself to expel it. Or else it consisteth in the evil Quality of the Humour, which, by corrupting the rest, hinders their due Evacuations, which Nature perceiving, striveth suddenly to cast it forth: as it sometimes happens in choleric Fevers, after the taking of Poison, or after the biting of some venomous Creature. The Signs of the yellow Jaundice is a Yellowness of the Body, especially, the whites of the Eyes and the Balls of the Checks: choleric Vomitings, and Hiccoughs, Laziness, Itching of the Body, and Bitterness of the Tongue. If it come from a Distemper of the Liver: there preceded an Inflammation, Obstruction, etc. If from an Obstruction of the Gall, the Belly is bound and the Excrements white, the Urine yellow or reddish, which will die a new piece of linen cloth. If it come from the Malignity of the Humour, both the Urine and the Excrements are high coloured, especially, after a putrid Fever, now if the Fever remain, the Jaundice is Symptomatical; If, when the Jaundice appears, the Fever ceaseth, the Urine and Excrements be of their natural Colour; the Jaundice is critical. Poison taken and venomous Bitings the Patient can declare. They, who in a Fever have the Jaundice before the seventh or critical day, are in great danger; the contrary, if it happen on a critical day. The Jaundice, coming upon an Inflammation of the Liver, is dangerous, because the Disease commonly ends in an Imposthume: if upon a Schirrus, it is no less dangerous, because that ends in the Dropsy. If it come from an Obstruction of the Gall, it is most easy to cure, because the Passage is near the Guts, except Stones bred in the Passages be the Cause, which, by reason they cannot be dissolved, are counted incurable. For the Cure, if it come from Distemper of the Liver, have recourse to the aforegoing Chapters, if the Jaundice be critical it needs no Cure. If from the Obstruction of the Gall; to cure it, take away the the Obstruction, which may be done, by the Medicines mentioned in the Chapter Of the Obstruction of the Liver. Yet lest I should seem to omit any thing needful, I shall apply a Medicine or two proper to the Disease. If the Body be plethoric, Phlebotomy may be profitable. Afterwards evacuate the Humours with Medicines that principally purge Choler: Take of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses, and the Electuary of Prunes solutive, of each three Drachms: Rhubarb in Powder, one Drachm: Saffron, half a Scruple: with Sugar make a Bolus, give it once or twice, as the Patient stands in need thereof. Then make a Decoction thus: Take the Roots of Smallage, Nettles, and Maddir, of each, one Handful: the Leavs of Celandine, Cleavers, Fumitory, Wormwood, Century, and the Tops of Saint John's Wort, of each, one Handful: Cinnamon, and the Shave of Ivory, of each, two Drachms: the white Dung of an Hen, and the Dung of a Goose, of each, two Drachms, tie it up in a Rag, and with it a Scruple of Saffron: make a Decoction in white Wine, (or if you please, in Fumitory, Wormwood-water, or the like) to a Quart: Let the Patient take a quarter of a Pint fasting, and gently exercise himself. Of these, and Ingredients of the like Nature may any form of Medicine be prepared. Whilst inward Medicines are administered, foment or anoint the Region of the Liver, as you are taught in the foregoing Chapters.   

CHAP. LVIII. Of the Dropsy.  
THere are three kinds of Dropsyes, the first is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ascites, the second 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tympanites, the third 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anasarca or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Leucophlegmatia. Ascites is a Swelling of the Belly, caused of a serous Humour, and salt, (as Water it is cold, as Salt it is hot, infecting the Mouth of the Stomach, hence cometh a Fever and Thirst,) and not only the Belly, but sometimes the Cod, Thighs, Legs, and Feet: and sometimes it gins in the Legs and Feet and ascends upward. It is the Opinion of most Physicians, that all Dropsyes have their original from a cold Distemper of the Liver, which cannot make Blood, but Water, Phlegm, and Wind. This Opinion is undeniably true in Anasarca, but in Ascites and Tympanites it is questionable, although sometimes a cold Distemper may be the Cause thereof. The Experience of Modern Physicians hath put the business out of doubt, who have found the Liver sound in dissected Bodies, who died of the Dropsy. And if the Liver should breed marry Blood; what reason can be given that the Water should be sent to the Cavity of the Belly only, and not to other parts, and breed Anasarca? A Dropsy may be caused by a hot Distemper of the Liver caused of Fevers, much Wine, or hot Meats, which doth disperse the native Heat, by which means, the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys become less active, and not able to draw the Water, nor cast it forth by the Ureters: the like may be said of a cold Distemper. Some external Cause may hinder the Attraction and Distribution of the Water, as, namely, the drinking of much cold Water, or hot Wine, or any thing that doth diminish or disperse the native Heat.  
The Dropsy Tympanites, hath its Name from Tympanum a Drum, because the Belly soundeth like a Drum; and is much stretched out. This Stretching hath its original from Wind shut up in the Cavity of the Abdomen, and sometimes in the Cavity of the Guts as Platerus observed. This Wind is bred by crude and thick, phlegmatic or melancholy Humours, which being stirred by Heat, and made thin, becometh thick and flatuous Vapours, which are hard to be dissolved. Nor doth Wind alone cause a Dropsy but with it a mixture of Water, so that if Wind be predominant, it is called a Tympany: if Water, Ascites. Anasarca is bred of a phlegmatic Humour spread throughout the whole Body, and maketh every part to swell and be white: a cold Distemper of the Liver is the Cause; when the Liver, instead of making good Blood, produceth such Humours. The Cause of this Disease may be imputed to all such things as cool the Liver too much, and hinder its Concoction, as a Diet too cold and moist, the Stopping of the Terms or Haemorrhoids, all Obstructions, and Tumours in the Liver, much bleeding, or any preternatural Evacuation.  
You may make the Diagnosticks thus; In Ascites, the Belly is great and broad, press the Sides and you may hear the Water make a Noise: when the Patient turneth in his Bed, his Belly swayeth to that side: the Thighs, Legs, Feet, and Cod swell, but the upper parts decay: the Urine is little in Quantity, thick in Substance, in colour, red: In the increase of the Disease, the Patient breatheth with much difficulty, by reason of the Abundance of Water which lieth upon the Diaphragma, especially, when he lieth down; therefore the Patient (for the most part) is forced to stand or sit: the salt Humour swimming in the Stomach causeth a continual Thirst, and a lingering Fever. In the Tympany the Belly soundeth like a Drum, is big but less burdensome; when the Patient lieth upon his Back, his Belly remaineth hard and extended, nor doth it sway when he turneth himself: the beginning of this Dropsy (for the most part) is accompanied with pain about the Navel and Reins. In Anasarca, not only the Belly & lower parts, but the upper parts also swell; if you thrust the Swelling with your Finger, it doth pit and leave an Impression: the Flesh is soft and lose, and the Skin pale and earthy: they have a lingering Fever, breathing difficultly, and the Urine is thin and white.  
To the Prognostic, I say; Every Dropsy is hard to be cured, the older the Parient is, and the longer the Disease hath continued, the more perilous. Anasarca is least dangerous: Ascites and the Tympany are sometimes one more dangerous than another, according to their Causes: for Ascites coming from a Tumour or Ulcer of the Liver or any of the internal parts, it is more dangerous than a Tympany, et è contra. If a Dropsy come upon an acute Disease, it is evil. If the Liver, being full of Water, discharge itself into the Omentum, the Disease ends in Death. If in the beginning a Dropsy, (the Patient being strong, and free from Tumour or Ulcer in the Liver or any internal part,) the Water floweth into the Belly and causeth a Flux, the Patient is cured; if the contrary happen, expect a contrary effect. This I gather from the words of Hypocrates; In the beginning of a Dropsy, if there come a Flux of the Belly, without want of Concoction, or crudity it is prevented, the less Urine is voided the worse, because the drink runs not to the Reins, but to the Belly. It is a very hopeful sign, when the Patient voideth more Urine than he drinketh, and the belly grow less. Impostumes or spots in the Legs of Hydropical men, are for the most part forerunners of death. If a man who hath been cured of the Dropsy fall into the same again, it is very dangerous; If a melancholy body have a Tympany, he seldom escapes; especially if he piss by drops. If the Hydropical person eat his meat and digest it well, and be not sick after, have no cough nor pain, his tongue not rough nor thirsty: if he be in a natural order without physic, and medicines work easily with him; if he be not faint, and his Urine change according to his Diet, he may easily be cured.  
For the cure, you must consider if the disease hath its original from obstructions, Tumours, &c: And seek the beginning of your cure out of their proper Chapters. Afterwards you must labour to evacuate the matter, whether it be in the Abdomen or whole body, first make an Apozem thus: Take of the roots of Parsley, Smallage, Fennell, Elicampane, Bruscus, Danewort, and Madder, of each one ounce: The Leaves of Agrimony, Wormwood, Maidenhair, the tops of St. John's wort, and Century, of each one handful: the inward bark of the roots of Capers, Ash and Tamarisk, of each four drachms: Liquorish, one ounce: the seeds of Fennell, Parsly and Juniper berries, of each half an ounce: the flowers of Broom, Beans and Elder, of each, one pugil: Julep roots, two drachms: boil them in a sufficient quantity of water, wherein steel hath been quenched, to a pint and an half: strain it, and add to the Liquor, one ounce of Senna, cover it and let it infuse six hours, strain it and dissolve therein of the syrup of Harts-tongue one ounce: and the syrup of Succory, with Rhubarb three ounces: Clarify it with the whites of Eggs, and aromatize it with two drachms of Cinnamon, or yellow ; give it four mornings. Afterwards once a week give this powder; Take of Senna, jalap, Mechoacah, Turbith, Gum, and Hermodacts, of each one drachm: Cream of Tartar, and Salt of Wormwood, of each two drachms: Cambugia half a drachm: Diamher, Diarrhodon abbatis, and Fennell seeds, of each two scruples: make a fine ponder, and infuse one drachm in a quarter of a point of White-wine all night, and let the Patient take it in the morning. Of these and such like may be prepared medicines of all forms. Some commend the juice of flowerdeluce roots, taken with honey or manna, the dose is three ounces, and Platerus in his Observations doth highly extol it. Chemists do much commend the extract of black Hellebore, Mercurius vitae and Diaphoreticus, Mercurius dulcis, antimonium Diaphoreticum, and such like: but let the physician beware how he gives medicines of this nature, except his Patient be strong; the like caution let him observe in giving of purging medicines, especially such as purge with violence. But rather let him (if his Patient be weak) give discussive and Diuretic Clysters, thus. Take of Mallows, Marsh-Mallows, Chamomell, pellitory of the wall, and Mercury, of each one handful: the seeds of Annis, Sweet Fennell, Caraway, Dill, and Bay-berryes, of each two drachms: the flowers of Broom and Melilot, of each one pugil: boil them in Posset drink or Mutton broth to a pint, dissolve in the strained liquor, of Oil, of Camomile, Dill and Rue, of each one ounce: Diacatholicon (or Diaphaenicon) of each one ounce: (and if you see good, add half an ounce of Benedicta Laxativa) and make a Clyster: you must principally give such medicines which purge by Urine: the steeled-wine prescribed in the 55. chap. is very good; in the preparing of it, you may add (if you see occasion) any of the aforementioned ingredients, which provoke Urine. The Spirit of Vitriol, Tartar and Salt is much commended, if it be administered in some Diuretic decoction. The salt of Wormword and Juniper profiteth much. Or you may make a Lee of the Ashes of Juniper and White-Wine, giving five or six ounces thereof, which Lee alone hath cured some Dropsies saith Mathiolus; the same I have known myself. Bleeding is prohibited, and upon good grounds too, unless the disease come from stoppage of the Terms or Hemorrhoids, bleed not then, unless it be in the beginning of the disease, and the Liver in its natural condition. Issues, Blisters, and Scarifications are likewise forbidden, because they gangrene for the most part: yet in the beginning of a Dropsy, the lower parts being exceedingly swelled, I made an Issue in the Leg, out of which an incredible quantity of water issued, and the Patient perfectly cured. Among Evacuations, Sweatings are not the least profitable, especially in Anasarca; but in Ascites and Tympanites the Liver being dry, besides the difficulty of procuring it, it rather hurteth than profiteth. All the time of the cure forget not to strengthen the Liver, that you may hinder the increase of water, as well as purge it; have recourse to the 55, Chapter of the Obstruction of the Liver. Hollerius commendeth this opiate: Take of Currants cleansed, half a pound: boil them in Sack till they be as thick as a pultis, heat and strain them, then add of the Conserve of Rosemary flowers, Citron peels Candied, and Cinnamon, of each one drachm: the powder Aromaticum Rosatum Diamargariton, Calidum, and Diacinamon, of each two scruples: Lignum Aloes, half a drachm: Saffron half a scruple, mix them and make a soft Electuary. Then make a fomentation for the belly with these, or herbs of the like nature: Agrimony Danewort, Chamomell, Calamint, Elder, Mallows, & Marshmallows, Marjerom, Melilot, Broom, Pennyroyal, Rue, Snakweed, Southern wood, Tamarisk, Wormwood, and the like, the seeds of Parsley, Dill, Cummin, Fennell, Bay, and Juniper berries: foment the belly with sponges dipped in the decoction of these, or lay the herbs themselves in a bag hot to the belly: Afterwards, anoint the belly with the oil of Dill, Chamomell, Rue, Flowerdeluce, and the like. Or you may make Unguents, Cataplasms, or Emplasters. This harmless Cataplasm I have found profit much: Take of Wormwood, Chamomell, Mayweed and Danewort of each two handfuls, bruise them in a stone mortar, then boil them in Vinegar and Honey, then with Bean and Barley meal, and Cowdung dried, of each a like quantity make a Cataplasm. Galen commendeth a Cataplasm of Snails, bruised with their shells, and laid upon the Navel, and there keep it till it falls off of its own accord. Radishes bruised and laid to the Belly and reins, worketh by stool and Urine. To conclude, If the body be strong, you may use strong purgers in your Cataplasms, but if the body be weak forbear. In Anasarca you may often and strongly purge watery, and phlegmatic humours: In Ascites and Tympanites more seldom and gentle. In Ascites, order your internal and external medicines principally to purge water: in Tympanites let them be Carminative and discussive. In every of them have a special respect to the Liver; and if it be too hot (as it sometimes happeneth) give cold things mixed with warm openers; Let their meat be of the driest, and let them shun sweetmeats as a Plague. For drink let them abstain from it as much as can be, and drink none but what is made with Wormwood, Tamarisk, Elecampane, Juniper, &c: or let them only hold it in the mouth to cool and assuage their thirst, let them chew Mastic, for it draweth water from the Stomach.   

CHAP. LVIII. Of the Obstruction, Inflammation, and Tumour of the Spleen.  
THe Spleen is subject to Obstruction as well as the L●ver, or rather more; because it draweth cruder blood: when thick humours stick in the substance of the Spleen, it maketh an inflammation and Tumour. If the humours grow thick and hard, it breeds a Scirrhus. If the Tumour be phlegmatic, it is called Oedma, which chanceth to them, who live upon cold and moist food, or live in a moist air. But if it be soft; lose & puffed up, it is called an inflammation or puffing of the Spleen, The causes of the Obstruction, Inflammation, & tumour of the Spleen, are the same with them of the Liver: Sometimes the affect seizeth on both together.  
They are distinguished by their Signs: the Obstruction of the Spleen is distinguished from the Obstruction of the Liver, by the situation of the part. If the Spleen be obstructed, there is heaviness and pain in the left Hypochondrion, especially after running, riding, or any more than ordinary exercise; if you handle the hypochondrion there is resistance, the face is bluish, and Signs of melancholy appear, the disease is of long continuance, and if it be not speedily cured, it turns to a Scirrhus. The cure is performed the same way, as the Obstruction of the Liver is; only you must add things, which particularly respect the Spleen, and purge the Melancholy humour.  
The inflammation of the Spleen likewise hath the same conjunct and antecedent cause, only it is especially caused by Melancholy Blood. The Diagnostic Signs are different, viz: the Patient hath swelling, pain, heaviness, and beating on the left side under the ribs, thirst, blackness of the tongue, loathing of meat, a constant fever, troublesome lying on either side, especially the right, sometimes the Tumour is in the shape of the Spleen: Sometimes fills the left Hypochondrion, and if the adjacent parts be inflamed also, it extendeth below the Navel. If only Melancholy blood cause the inflammation, the Tumour is harder, the colour black, and many times the Urine: If choler be mixed with melancholy blood, the thirst is greater, the Fever stronger, and worse every third day; the mouth bitter, and the Urine red: great want of sleep and doting. If phlegm be mixed, the former symptoms are lessened.  
The Prognostic is the same with the inflammation of the Liver, only it is less dangerous, for as much as the Liver is the nobler part▪ If it endeth not in Death, it endeth by some critical Evacuation, as by Stool, Urine or Bleeding at the left Nostril, or else it grows hard, and turns to a Schirrhus. Which may be known by the causes and signs laid down in the Chapter of the Schirrhus, of the Liver; only it appeareth on the contrary side. The cure of this and the former may be performed by the medicines, laid down in the Chapters of the inflammation, obstruction, and Schirrhus of the Liver, only make use of some things that especially respect the Spleen, and purge melancholy, as I hinted before.  
Sometimes the Spleen is much pained by wind, which stretcheth the Spleen and its membranes, but is without fever or hardness. It is easily distinguished from the former griefs, but hardly from the Colic, by reason of the nearness of the Gut Colon: but you may distinguish them thus: the pain of the Spleen is weighty and in one place: but of the Colic is stretching, sharp, movable, and runs over the whole Belly. The Cure must be wrought by Medicines carminative, emollient, and discussive, given internally, or Clysters of the same Nature, with Fomentations and Liniments, made of the Oils of Wormwood, Lillyes, Camomile, Capers, and such like, adding a little of the Oil of Spike: and, if the pain cease not, some commend the Application of a Cupping-glass; but be well advised first, whether there be no Defluxion or Inflammation.   

CHAP. LX. Of hypocondriac Melancholy.  
THis Disease hath its Original from melancholy and adust Humours, which are bred by the Distemper of the Spleen, or Stomach, which, by reason of of their Crudity, stay long in the Veins, Arteries, and other Passages, which cause great and grievous Fermentations or Workings, from whence noisome Vapours ascend to the Brain, Heart, and Midriff, which cause divers Symptoms, which I shall mention hereafter. The antecedent Causes are, all Meats of evil Juice, and of hard Digestion; long continued Passions and Sadness, because they disperse the Spirits, and hinder Concoction, and cause Credityes, which being burnt by Heat, turn to Melancholy. Much Study, Watching, and want of Excercise may be the Cause by reason of much Retention of Excrements; hence it is, that learned men, and such who sit much, are troubled with this Disease. The Stoppage of the Terms or Haemorrhoids may be the Cause.  
The Diagnostic Signs of this Disease are many, according to the parts affected: Sometimes the Patient spiteth or vomiteth much, because the Stomach concocteth ill, and turneth the Nourishment into watery, sharp, sour, or clammy Substance, which not being drawn away by the Guts, lie in the Stomach, and sometimes discharge themselves as aforesaid. Sometimes the boiling of these Humours in the Stomach causeth flaruous Vapours, which stretch the Stomach and afflict the Heart, and cause Swooning: These Vapours cause a Noise beneath the Ribs, hence it hath been called the windy Disease. Sometimes the Wind reacheth to the Kidneys, and causeth great Pain there, which maketh the Patient think he hath the Stone. He is often costive, because the clammy Humours (bred by evil Concoction) stick to the Guts: sometimes the Sharpness of the Humours causeth the Belly to be soluble. There is great Heat in the Hypocondria, so that the Face will grow red and hot from those Vapours. Sometimes the Urine is thin, because thick and tartarous Humours stop the Passages: sometimes thick, red, and troubled, and hath a thick tartarous Sediment, and sometimes stick to the bottom of the Urinal all like Sand, which causeth a Suspicion of the Stone, but this dissolves between the Fingers like Salt, and that which is bred in the Reins is hard. The Vapours ascending produce many Symptoms, as, Palpitation of the Heart, a distempered Pulse; if they ascend to the Tongue and , it causeth great Thirst: if to the Lungs, difficulty of the Breathing: if to the Membranes of the Brain, Head ache: if to the Brain it self, Dimness of sight, Noise in the Ears, Giddiness, Fear, and melancholy Fantasies; if they be very sharp, they sometimes cause the Falling-sickness, and if they settle in the Nervs, Convulsion: if they be stupifying, they cause Numbness, the Palsy, Apoplexy, &c: If the Vapours be hot and dry, they dry the Brain, and cause Watch, troublesome Sleep, and frightful Dreams. Note that all these Symptoms are not to be expected in one and the same Patient, but more or fewer according to the variety of the peccant Humours.  
Prognostics are: A continual Pain and Giddiness of the Head in a Hypocondry, doth threaten an Epilepsy, Apoplexy, or Blindness, and the like. Thick Urine is better than thin, for thin Urine is a Sign that thick Humours are detained in the Body. Vomiting, Flux of the Belly, or Haemorrhoids, if it be moderate, and continue not long, is a hopeful Sign, judge the contrary if it continue long. For the most part, this Disease is of long continuance, and seldom cured, therefore it hath been called the Scourge and Disgrace of Physicians.  
The Cure of this Disease consisteth in four things, First, in opening Obstructions: Secondly, in amending the Distempers of the Bowels: Thirdly, in evacuating the peccant Humours: and, Lastly, in strengthening the affected and vital parts. But, to forbear Tediousness, and to avoid needless Reperitions, I refer you to the Chapters aforegoing, especially, Of the Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen. Take this general Rule, keep the Body always soluble, by Medicines which the Parient may use before Meat, changing them often; as often as need shall require let the Patient be purged, let him make use of Broths, Decoctions, and Drinks that have a Faculty to open Obstructions; as the Juice of Wormwood, or Wormwood-Wine, adding thereto Tamarisk, Agrimony, borage, and bugloss, Burnet, Sanders, Rosemary Flowers, and the like. Montanus much commendeth Venice Turpentine; because it looseneth the Belly, cleanseth and warmeth the Stomach: provoketh Urine: openeth the Obstructions of the Liver, cleanseth, and doth not heat it. Steel-Wine, and other Medicines made of Steel, which you may find in the Chapter Of the Obstruction of the Liver, powerfully openeth Obstructions, especially the Extract of Steel, in the Administration of which, I have found more than ordinary Success: but let Medicines of this Nature be administered by a skilful and careful Physician. The Decoction or Infusion of Lignum Nephriticum doth open Obstructions safely and pleasantly. And some do much commend the Decoction of the Root of sweet Briar for the Patient's ordinary drink. Whilst you use internal Medicines, externals are not to be neglected, viz. Fomentations, Ointments, etc. such as are prescribed for the Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen; choose the coolest of them and apply them to the Hypocondria. And, because in this Disease the Stomach always suffereth, seek the Remedy in its proper place. Or if the Vapours ascending from the Hypochondria, trouble the Heart or Brain, and cause Swooning, Palpitation, Trembling, Convulsions, Headache, or the like, have recourse to the Chapters preceding, which treat of those Diseases.   

CHAP. LXI. Of the Scurvy.  
THe Scurvy is nothing else but an hypocondriac Disease, but having a peculiar degree of Malignity, arising from the Putrefaction of Melancholy, it hath more Symptoms then in the hypocondriac Disease.  
Diagoras: All the Symptoms mentioned in the foregoing Chapter, are common to the Scurvy. Peculiar Symptoms are these, Redness, Itching, Putrefaction, Bleeding and Stinking of the Gums, Mouth, and Teeth, which are also (sometimes) black and lose. Spots in the Legs, first red, afterwards purple, black or blue. Straitness of the Breast and Shortness of Breath, occasioned by thick Vapours, arising from the Hypocondria to the Midriff, or to the Sweetbread, causing a Swelling or Tumour, and consequently compressing the Diaphragma. The Body is heavy and lazy, especially the Legs, and grievous pain there and in other parts, as in the Toes, Fingers, Sols of the Feet, Ankles, Thighs, Belly, Arms, Shoulders, and the like. The Urine is various, as in the hypocondriac Melancholy. The Pulse is weak and unequal. Some have the headache, and a seavourish Heat in the Night, which vanisheth by a Morning Sweat. Some have though Toothache without manifest Cause. Sometimes the Vapours ascending (being astringent) contract the Gullet, and the Patient feareth strangling. A stinking Breath is common to Scorbutic persons. Tumours in divers parts, sometimes hard, sometimes soft like Bladders, and sometimes like the stinging of Nettles. And lastly, an Atrophy, Consumption and general decay of the whole Body.  
That I may more perfectly discover the Symptoms of this Disease, I shall here lay down some other, which are common to other Diseases, and show you how to distinguish them. Sometimes the Scurvy causeth pains in the Joints, which must be distinguished from the pains caused by the French Pox thus: In the French Pox, the pains are between the Joints, and by long continuance cause Knots there: the Symptoms of the Pox appear, as Running of the Reins, Bubo, etc. or the Patient hath acted with some unclean woman. But in the Scurvy, some of the preceding Symptoms appear, or at least the Patient is of a melancholy Constitution. This must be distinguished also from the Arthritis or Joynt-Gout, which is fixed, or at least seldom changeth the place; but in the Scurvy it is very movable, running from one Joint to another, and sometimes for a while vanisheth. In the same manner is the bastard-Palsy (which the Scurvy causeth) distinguished from a true one, which is constant; but in the Scorbaticall Palsy, he that one day could not walk or stand at all, can the next day walk with little or no help. Sometimes it causeth a Flux of the Belly like a Diarrhoea, but differeth from it in this, that the Excrements are thicker than in the former, and in greater Quantity, exceeding the Quantity of the Meat taken. Sometimes the Excrements are mixed with Blood, but differeth from the Dysentery, because there is no pain of the Belly, and the Blood is thick, sent thither by the Meseraick Veins. Sometimes the Scorbatick pains are in the sides imitating the Pleurisy, but is much different; because the Fever (if any) is weaker; there is no difficulty of Breathing, no Cough, Spitting, nor constant pain. Lastly, you must distinguish these pains from the pains of the Stone: for the Urine is sometimes red, like Blood, as if the Kidneys were wounded by the Stone, and sometimes black, both which come from a scurvy salt Matter in the Spleen, or Parts adjacent.  
Prog: This Disease is very hard to be cured, because the Melancholy Humour is so far predominant. Many times it is very dangerous, because it bringeth the Dropsy, Consumption, etc. And sometimes acute Diseases, as the Apoplexy, Swoonings, and the like, which produce sudden deaths.  
In the Cure of the Scurvy, you must follow the Method prescribed in the Cure of Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen, beginning with the weakest first; with which, you must make use of specifical Medicines for the Scurvy; of which, the chief are, Dutch and Sea Scurvygrasse, Water Cresses, Brook-Lime, Horse-Radishes, Fumitory, Wormwood, Celandine the less, etc. Those which are of less Efficacy, and have a Faculty to correct and prepare the melancholy Humour, are these which follow, Agrimony, Asarum, Bettony, borage, bugloss, Carduus, Ceterach, Elicampane, Germander, Hyssop, Maidenhair of all sorts, Polypody of the Oak; the Bark of Ash, Capers, and Tamarisk; the Flowers of Elder, Dodder of Time, and Tamarisk. Observe this general Rule, if the Patient be feavourish or subject to heats, you must give the hottest of them in a smaller Quantity; and add Endive, Sorrel, Succory; the Juice of Citrons, Lemons, and Oranges: and the Spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol. Of these and such like, may several sorts of Medicines be form, which (for Brevity sake) I omit.   

CHAP. LXII. Of the Stone in the Kidneys.  
THe material Cause of the Stone in the Kidneys, is a phlegmatic, feculent, thick, slimy, and tartarous Humour in the Urine: the efficient Cause is Heat, which drieth and hardeneth the Matter, and at length turneth it into a Stone; this is the Opinion of Hypocrates and Galen, and most modern Physicians. The Hermetick Physicians have found a certain Juice, which they call Succus Lapidiscens, which is a certain Humour, naturally proper to turn to a Stone, and this they say is the material Cause of the Stone: and the efficient Cause to be Spiritus Lapidiscens, a stone-making Spirit. So that if a man eat or drink any thing wherein the Stony Juice is, that Juice is turned into a Stone, if the Reins have a Stone-making Spirit. But if the Reins be free from this Spirit, a Stone is not bred, unless the stony-Juyce be very predominate: on the contrary, if the Reins have this stony Faculty, and the Food be free from this Juice, the Stone is scarcely engendered, unless the stone-making Faculty be very predominate. Many Histories show that Stones come from a stone-making spirit, or Breath out of the Earth, which hath turned the Bodies of Men, Beasts, and other things into Stone: Riverius upon this Subject (in his last Edition) quoteth Aventius Annal. Bavar. lib. 7 An. 1343, who saith, that above fifty men, with many Cows, were turned into Stone. Ortellius tells the same story of whole herds in Russia. And Camerarius reporteth, that in the Province of Chilo in Armenia, at the blast of a South Wind (which happeneth four times in a year) whole Troops of horse have been turned into Statues of stone, standing in the warlike posture in which they were before. The Antecedent Causes are many, The Stomach being not able to concoct well, sendeth a crude Chyle to the Liver; A hot Liver doth bake the chylous Matter; or a cold Liver maketh crude Blood: the Spleen weak or obstructed, doth not sufficiently purge the drossy Blood; these do cause even the Blood, or crude Juices fit to make a Stone. Likewise the Reins, besides their conjunct Cause, may be an Antecedent Cause in two respects, viz. their Temper and Form: First, their Temper being hot doth violently draw the crude Matter and thicken it. In respect of their Form, the emulgent Veins may be lose, and fit to receive the tartarous Matter into the Reins; and the Ureters so narrow that the thick Matter hath not passage from the Kidneys. Lastly, all Food that produceth crude, thick, and slimy Nourishment, doth afford Matter for the Stone, as Flesh or Fish that is very salt or dried in the smoke, Pulse, Cheese, and all Milk-Meats, hard Eggs, Chestnuts, Pears, Quinces, Medlars, Rice, Wine thick and not well purged, standing Waters; all things which make the Liver and Reins too hot; as old strong Wine, Garlick, Onions, Pepper, and Ginger; too strong Diuretics, which carry crude Matter too violently to the Reins: violent Excercise after Meat, inordinate Lechery; too much Fullness or Emptiness, and the like.  
The Signs of the Stone of the Kidneys are many▪ viz. a constant pain about the Loins; whilst it is in the hollow of the Kidneys, the pain is heavy, when it gets into the head of the Ureters, sharp and pricking, and so continueth, unless it get back again, or fall into the Cavity of the Bladder. The Urine is sometimes bloody by reason of the opening, Corrosion of the Veins, or cutting of the tender Flesh of the Kidneys; sometimes it is thin and little in Quantity. Voiding of Sand and Stones is an evident sign of the Stone, but if the Patient voideth Gravel without stones, be not too hasty in your Judgement, but take the Caution given you in the 60 Chapter Of the hypocondriac Melancholy. The Thigh, on the same side the Back is pained, becometh numb; because the Stone doth oppress the Nerve, which is in the Muscles of the Loins under the Reins, and goeth to the Hip for its Motion. The Sick loatheth, and vomiteth often, by reason of the Connexion of the Kidneys with the Stomach; the Stomach (sympathetically sensible) endeavoureth to exclude that hurtful companion. Be sure you make a distinction between the Stone in the Kidneys, and the Colic; have recourse to the 43 Chapter, where I have left a few Rules.  
This Disease is very dangerous, and bringeth many and sad Symptoms, as Inflammations, Exulcerations, great Pains, long Watch, Weakness, Fevers, Suppression of Urine, and Death itself. It is difficult to cure (if not incurable) in old men, saith Hypocrates, with whom Experience agreeth. If the pain hath continued long and violent, and the Sick grow externally cold, with cold and faint Sweats, Death is at hand. If the Stone be accompanied with an Ulcer of the Kidneys it is incurable, because those things which do break the Stone, do exasperate the Ulcer.  
The Cure of the Stone in the Kidneys consisteth in mollifying, enlarging, or relaxing, and throwing the Stone out of the Ureters, to break the Stone if it be too big for the Passage; to take away the antecedent Cause and to ease pain, which you must do thus: first, open the Liver-Vein on the same side, that is most grieved: draw as much Blood as the Constitution of the Patient can well spare. Then administer a mollifying and laxative Clyster: Take of Common and Marsh-Mallows, Camomile, Pennyroyal, Pellitory of the Wall, and Violet Leavs, of each, one handful: the Seeds of sweet Fennel, Flax, and Faenugreek; of each, half an Ounce: boil it in Posset-drink to a Pint, strain it, and dissolve therein Cassia, Catholicon, and Diaphaenicon, of each, three Drachms: the Oils of Rue and Scorpions, of each, one Ounce: make a Clyster and administer it. Likewise the Oils of sweet-Almonds, Camomile, Dill, Lillyes, and Violets are good to be used in Clysters of this Nature. This Clyster, or one of the same Nature, you must give twice or thrice in a week; and, in the days between, foment the Region of the Kidneys with a Fomentation made of the aforenamed simples, or others of the like Nature, which I shall treat of before I put an end to this Chapter. Afterwards anoint the part with the Oils aforenamed. Or you may make a Cataplasm of white Bread sodden in white Wine, and if you add any of the aforesaid Oils it will be the better. Afterwards lay a Plaster to the place; Take of the Oil of Camomile and Rue, of each, half an Ounce: of Dill and sweet-Almonds, of each, two Drachms: Goose and Hen's Grease, of each, one Drachm: with Wax, and the compound Melilot Plaster, as much as sufficeth, make a Plaster and apply it. In the mean time, you must not forget inward Medicines, which have a Faculty to break the Stone, to ease pain, and mollify and enlarge the Ureters. The simples following are approved of, viz. the Roots of Asparagus, Birthwort, Fennell, Butchers-Broom, Filipendula, Couchgrass Garden and Horseradish, Maddir, Marsh and common Mallows, Liquorish, Onions, Parsley, Knotgrass: the Leavs of Bettony, Camomile, Pennyroyal, Marsh-Mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, Maidenhair, Parsley pert, Filipendula, Saxifrage, Savin, Burnet, Goats-Thorne, Kidney-Wort, Melilot, Goldenrod: the seeds of Nettles, Parsly, Gromwell, Burdock, Winter Cherries, Bay, Ivy, and Juniper Berries, the four cold Seeds; the stones of Hips, Haws, Meddlers, &c, Of these you may make Decoctions, Powders, or distilled Waters, and the like, the Description of which (sot brevity sake) I will omit. Quercetanus, in his Dispensatory, commendeth this following Powder; Take of the inward skins of Hen's, Gizzards, and their white Dung, of each, half an Ounce: the inward skins of Egg shells dried and powdered, two Ounces and an half: Rupture-wort and Cinnamon, of each, four Scruples: the Stones of Medlars, two Drachms: the Seeds of anise and Fennel, of each one Ounce: powder them, and give half a Drachm or a Drachm in white-Wine. Goat's Blood prepared is excellent: and the Water distilled from it in Balneo Mariae doth wonders. And some do commend the Urine of a Goat, taken out whilst he is alive, and drunk, and the Entrails applied. Chemists do highly extol their Salts, and Experience tells us that if they be well prepared and carefully administered, they work no small effects: viz. the Salt of Bean Cod, or stalks of Camomile: Tartar vitriolate: Oil of Vitriol; the Spirit of Salt: Mercurius Dulcis, etc. Zacutus Lusitanus commendeth the natural Balsam, a few drops thereof, taken with Oil of sweet-Almonds. Crato had as good an Opinion of Filberts eaten, and confirms his opinion by Experience. Mineral Waters are good, for they do not only dissolve the slimy Tartarous Matter, which breeds the Stone; but also allayeth the hot Distemper of the Liver and Reins. Of all Diuretic Medicines, Turpetine is the safest, given the Quantity of a Nut with Sugar every Morning: for Diuretics taken very often (for the most part) hurt, by carrying the Humours from other parts to the Reins; but Turpetine seldom or never worketh any evil effect. You may use it thus: Take of Venice Turpetine, washed with Saxifrage Water, half an Ounce: Cassia newly drawn, six Drachms: Ruharb and Liquorish in Powder, of each, half a Drachm; mix them and make a Bolus. To conclude, give Clysters often, or, if you see it more convenient, purge the Body between your Diuretic Potions, for the reason before given: your best Purgations are Cassia, Diaphaenicon, Rhubarb, and such like. If the Liver and Reins are distempered by Heat, make use of those Medicines prescribed against the hot Distemper of the Liver. If Crudities in the Stomach be the Cause seek Medicines out of the Chapters which treat of the Diseases of the Stomach. If you do carefully consider the Cause, or from what part of the Body the Reins fetch their stony Materials, and order your Medicines accordingly, with prudence and reason, by the blessing of God, you may find the Cure of the Stone not to be so difficult, as it is commonly adjudged. For my part, I have cured several people, who have been grievously vexed with this Grief: for which Mercy I do and shall praise God.   

CHAP. LXIII. Of the Stone in the Bladder.  
I Shall speak nothing of the Cause of the Stone in the Bladder; the material and efficient Cause being the same with that of the Reins. This Disease happeneth to Children, oftener than to people of riper Age, who are more subject to the Stone in the Reins: because Children, eating much and often, their Urine is thick, and the expulsive Faculty in the Reins is stronger in them then in men, and sendeth the Urine speedily to the Bladder; where (being long kept by reason of much sleep or play) the Urine settleth, and is retained till it by Heat becometh a Stone, for the passage is narrow in Children, and the Urine not being very sharp, doth not powerfully provoke the expulsive Faculty. Fernelius was of an Opinion that the Stone in the Bladder was always first bred in the Reins, and falling from thence into the Bladder, and getting fresh Matter, there increaseth: Fern: Lib. 6 cap. 13. pag. 317. Many times it so happeneth: but daily Experience teacheth that many have the Stone in the Bladder, who never had pain in the Reins, especially Children.  
The Knowledge of this Disease in the beginning is difficult; but when the Stone is grown great is evident enough, to the Patient's sorrow. The first sign is pain in the Neck of the Bladder, reaching to the end of the yard, especially after pissing. The yard itcheth and the Patient handleth it often. He feeleth a great Weight about the Neck of the Bladder, when the Stone is grown great; the Urine suddenly stoppeth, and he is in pain, like a Woman in travel: his yard standeth often, and he maketh Water with most ease lying upon his back, because then the Stone falleth out of the Neck of the Bladder. When he hath need to make Water, he is also much provoked to go to stool, by reason of the consent of the Sphincter Muscles of the Anus and Bladder, being moved by the Branches of the same Nerve. Many signs more I might insert, but these I think sufficient for the ingenious; To be fully satisfied, the best way is to make use of the Catheter.  
This Disease is always exceeding painful and no less dangerous: if the Stone be like Flint it can never be dissolved; if soft or brittle, it may be dissolved by the long use of strong Medicines: but sew there are that have Patience enough to make use of so many Medicines. The Cure is not altogether so difficult in Women as in Men, because the passage in them is wider. In the year 1656 I cured a Woman, who was a long time grieved with the Stone, and intended to venture upon the last and terrible Cure by Cutting; with in the space of a Month, (having first dissolved part of the Stone by Medicines) she voided a Stone (without the help of manual operation) in bigness two Inches, in length an Inch and an half, without prejudice to the Uritery parts: she was then aged 63, and is yet a live and lusty to praise God for so great a deliverance.  
For to perfect the Cure, you must do as you are taught in the foregoing Chapter, so that I need not here repeat any thing, only lay down the Medicine so much commended by Horatius Augenius; it is thus prepared: Take of Sows or Wood Lice prepared, a Drachm, or four Scruples: Aqua vitae, two Scruples: the Broth of red Cicers, nine or ten Ounces; take it in the Morning fasting. Sennertus also commends it, and this Medicine likewise, Take of Salt of white Tartar one Ounce: Parsley water, one Pint; mix them, and strain them with a brown paper. If, after the use of Medicines, you find the Neck of the Bladder wounded, or much pained by the roughness of the Stone, make a Decoction thus: Take of the Roots of Marsh Mallows, Fennel, Coughgrasse, and Cammock, of each, one Ounce: Liquorish, two Drachms: Camomile and Saxifrage, of each, one Pugill: Winter Cherries, twenty: Red Cicers, four Ounces: Raisins of the Sun, two Ounces: the four great cold Seeds, a Drachm and an half: French Barley four Ounces: boil them gently in the distilled Water of Saxifrage, Cammock, and Parsley, of each, half a Pint; when it hath boiled a while, add half a Pint of white Wine, and let it boil till half be consumed: to the straining, add six Ounces of the Syrup of Marsh-Mallows; drink three or four Ounces in the Morning. To the Region of the Bladder must be applied mollifying and asswaging Fomentations. If all Medicines fail, and the Patient's pains unsupportable, Necessity requireth the dangerous Operation of Cutting. Let the Physician prepare the Patient's body by Purging, Bleeding, and Diet, according to the Constitution and Condition of the Patient's Body; and let the Patient prepare his Soul for God.   

CHAP. LXIV. Of the Inflammation of the Reins and Bladder.  
THis Disease is a Tumour in those parts, caused by the flowing of Blood or Choler unto them, The Causes of this Inflammation are natural, unnatural or preternatural. Natural, when there is a natural haereditary Infirmity in the parts, or great Heat originally, which violently draw the Humours thither. Causes not natural are, Gluttony, Drunkenness, much Venery, great Passions of the mind, violent Excercise, Stoppage of some usual Evacuation as the Terms or Haemorrhoids, all things which cause Repletion, or evil Concoction, and drive the Humours to the inward Bowels. Things preternatural may be the Cause, as a Stroke, Wound, or Bruise upon the Reins or Bladder; constant Fevers; the Matter of the Pleurisy, or Empyema carried away by the Urine: Heat or Stoppage of the Urine, the Stone, or Exulceration of the part may cause an Inflammation.  
The Inflammation of the Reins is known by those Signs, a weighty and beating Pain about the part, which extendeth itself to the adjacent parts, the Patient cannot help himself, nor lie otherwise then upon his back: If he doth sneez or move his Body the pain increaseth, he hath a Numbness in the Leg on the same side, he maketh Water with difficulty: he hath a constant sharp Fever, with Watch, Dote, and dangerous Symptoms: He vomiteth Choler, Phlegm, and other Humours; the Urine is, first, thin and yellow, afterwards, thick and red.  
If the Bladder be inflamed, the Patient is vexed with a sharp Fever, Watching, Vomiting, etc. as aforesaid. The Share becometh hard, and hath vehement pain, he hath (almost) continual Provocation to go to Stool, as in the Disease Tenasmus.  
Prog: The Inflammation of these parts do threaten continual danger of Death. Convulsions, Dotage, Watch, cold Sweats, are the Messengers of Death. If the Inflammation suppurate, and the Imposthume break, and the Matter be evacuated by the Urine, there is hopes. If the Haemorrhoids bleed, there is hopes that the Inflammation will cease.  
You must begin the Cure with a mollifying and cooling Clyster: to the Decoction for the Clyster (prescribed in the Chapter of the Stone in the Reins) add of Cassia, and Diaprunes Lenitive, of each, half an Ounce: Syrup of Violets one Ounce: the Oil of Violets two ounces: make a Clyster. Then open the Liver-Vein on the same side, the Inflammation is: If the Bladder be inflamed, open the Liver-Vein on the right Arm; draw as much Blood, as your Patient's Strength will bear. And if you open the inferior Veins, it is a good derivation. Then give the Clyster again, and as often as need requireth? but remember to give it in a small quantity, lest it oppress the Tumour. Use Cupping and Scarifying; Frictions and Ligatures to the extreme parts, to draw the Humours outwards. You must allay the Heat of the Blood by cooling Juleps, in which use no Diuretic Simple, lest it carry Humours to the part and increase the Inflammation: in the declination of the Disease, Diuretic Medicines may be given, You may make a cooling Julep thus: Take of the distilled Water of Endive, Lettuce, Plantain, and Purslane, of each, four Ounces: Syrup of Pomegranates, two Ounces: the Syrup of Water-Lillyes, and Violets, of each, one Ounce: Oil of Vitriol, as much as sufficeth to give it a grateful Relish: mix them for four Mornings and Evenings Draughts. Or you may make an Emulsion of the Seeds of Sorrel, Letrice, Purslane, Poppy, Almonds, Pine-Nuts, and the like: The great cold Seeds are diuretic and must not be used in the beginning of the Disease, for the reason before given. Nor ought you at first to purge till the Declination, than you may profitably purge with Medicines which are gentle, as Manna, Cassia, Rhubarb, Tamarinds, Diaprunes lenitive, Syrup of Roses, etc. Outwardly you may apply Cataplasms, Liniments, Unguents, that are cooling, repelling, and (if the Inflammation be in the Bladder) astringing: when the Defluxion is stopped use Softners and dissolver's. If the Strangury, or any other dangerous Symptom appear, converse with their proper Chapters. If the Tumour tend to Suppuration, which you may know by the increase of the Fever and Symptoms, trembling and vomiting, you must help Nature with mollifying Cataplasms, the Chapters of Inflammations of other parts will advise you. If the Tumour appear outwardly, you must open it with a Cautery, or Incision-knife. If it break, and the Matter fall into the Abdomen, it brings sudden Death, or a Hectic Fever. If the Tumour grow hard and the Fever gone, it breeds the Dropsy, evil Habit, or some such Disease, and is incurable, for the most part; you must deal with it as with the Schirrhus of the Liver.   

CHAP. LXV. Of the Ulcer of the Reins and Bladder.  
THis Disease is caused, either from an Imposthume broken there; from Sharpness of the Humours; or from a Stone which doth corrode them.  
This Disease is known by the voiding of much Matter with the Urine. To know whether the Reins or the Bladder be diseased, take a few Rules; If the Ulcer be in the Reins, the pain is there, the Matter is more concocted, more in quantity, and more mixed with the Urine, making it appear like Milk, which, standing, settleth to the bottom; sometimes much Blood is voided, and pieces of Flesh, which sometimes stops the Passage. When the Ulcer is in the Bladder, contrary Signs appear, the pain is near the Privityes, the Matter is less in Quantity, and not well concoct, but of divers Colours, and stinketh; sometimes Matter is voided without Urine: If the Ulcer be old, callous and hard, snotty Phlegm is voided, such as is voided, if there be a Stone in the Bladder; for the most part, little Skins, like Scales or Bran, are voided.  
As all inward Ulcers are dangerous, so are these much more, because the continual Flux of Humours, with the Urine, to the part, doth nourish the Ulcer. The Violence of the pain causeth Watch and a Consumption of the whole Body. If the Vicer be taken in time and the Patiented young, it may be cured, else not.  
The Cure must be performed by evacuating the peccant Humours, by cleansing, drying, and healing the Ulcer. You must parge the Humours, which flow to the part affected, with gentle Medicines, such as are prescribed in the Chapter aforegoing. If there be Repletion or Inflammation in the part, let Phlebotomy be used. Evacuate the Humours by gentle purgers, mentioned in the Chapter aforegoing. Mercuvius Dulcis doth cleanse and heal the Ulcer. Turpentine is a good cleanser. It is good for the Patient to vomit often. After due Evacuations, you must use cleansers: as the Milk of Cows, Goats, or Asses, which are very good, and cleanse with their wheyie part, and heal with their cheezie, but give it not in a Fever. Let the Patient drink Water and Sugar, thin Hydromell, or Barley Water. In Hydromell, if there be a Fever, boil the cold Seeds, Mallows, Liquorish, etc. Waters that spring from Alum and Iron Mines are good, for they correct the Heat, and cleanse the Ulcer. The Decoction of China, Guajacum, Sarsaparilla, and the like, is good to dry up the Humours, to purge the crude Matter, in them that have the French Pox, and have no Fever, nor Flux of Blood. But lest the Bowels should be inflamed, give cooling Broths at Night. After the use of cleansers, (you may see, by the Urine, when the Ulcer is cleansed; viz. when it appeareth white and clean without any dreggy or filthy Matter,) than you must give astringing, glutinating, and healing Medicines. Take of Conserve of Roses, four Ounces: Bolearmenick, Terra Sigillata, red Coral, and Sanguis Draconis, of each, two Drachms: the Seeds of Lettuce, Purslane, and Plantain, of each, one Drachm; red Roses, and Shave of Ivory, of each, two Scruples: with Syrup of Comphry, make an Opiate. Or you may make of it a Mass for Pills with Venice Turpentine, or (if that cause pain) with the Juice of Liquorish. Chemists do much commend Antimonium Diaphoreticum, Mercurius Dulcis, & Diaphoreticus. To allay the vehemency of the pain, you must sometimes mix anodynes with your Medicines, as Laudanum, the Syrup of Poppyes, and the Emulsion of the cold Seeds. Outwardly foment the Region of the Kidneys, thus: Take of Camomile, Mallows, Melilot, Pellitory of the Wall, and Violets, of each, one Handful: the Roots of Marsh-Mallows, and water-Lillyes, of each, two Ounces: the Seeds of Flax, Fenugreek, and Winter-Cherryes, of each, three Drachms: make a Decoction and foment the part. Then apply this Lineament: Take of the Oil of Violets and Sweet Almonds, of each, one Ounce and an half: Oil of Roses, one Ounce: of the Musilage made of the Seeds of Marsh-Mallows and Fenugreck, of each, two Ounces: Saffron, one Scruple; make a Lineament. If the Ulcer be in the Bladder, you must make an Injection twice in a day, with new Milk, Whey, Hydromel, or Barley Water with Honey of Roses, to cleanse; afterwards add Astringers and Driers, as the white Trochts of Rhasis or of Gordonius: or boil in Whey or Barleywater, the Roots of Comphry, Alum, Mirth, Tragacanth, and the like.   

CHAP. LXVI. Of extraordinary Pissing.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Diabetes is a quick and plentiful making of Water, after which followeth violent Thirst, and a wasting of the whole Body. The Cause of this Disease is a hot Distemper of the Reins, which draweth Water violently from the Veins, which causeth a great Thirst after drink, which, as soon as it is taken, is carried to the Reins; where burdened the retentive Faculty and provoking the expulsive, it is soon sent to the Bladder. Some attribute it to choletick, sharp, and salt Humours in the Kidneys, which draw Water thither; as such Humours, which stick to the Tunicles of the Stomach in Fevers, cause Thirst. Others will not admit of this opinion, because the Kidneys only suffer in this Disease; and that Choler, and other  Humours, are first bred in the Liver. They say there is a venomous Quality bred in the Kidneys; Galen himself is of this opinion, that divers kinds of Poisons may breed in the Body of Man. In Lybia there is a Serpent, called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dipsacoes (which name the Greeks give this Disease, from the unquenchable Thirst, with which it is accompanied) which Serpent, if he biteth any man, infecteth him with such a Poison, as begets an unquenchable Thirst.  
The Signs of this Disease are clear, from what hath been said, viz. An unquenchable Thirst, an extraordinary Pissing, and voiding the Drink as soon (almost) as it is drunk; and a Decay of the whole Body.  
This Disease is deadly, if it be not taken in the beginning, and the Patiented young, for it brings a Consumption.  
If you judge the Patiented curable, you must labour to allay the hot Distemper of the Kidneys; to correct their poisonous Quality; to thicken the Humours which flow to them, and to strengthen them. First, give mollifying and asswaging Clysters, and purge, if you see occasion, as you are taught in the Chapter Of the Inflammation of the Kidneys. Gentle Vomits do evacuate and draw the Humours from the Ureters. If nothing forbidden, open a Vein in the Arm. To correct the Distemper and thicken the Humours, make a Julep, thus: Take of the distilled Water (or the Decoction) of Plantain, four Ounces: of Lettuce, Poppy, and Purslane, of each, two Ounces: the Syrup of Myrtles, Comphry, and Quinces, of each, one Ounce: the Syrup of Poppyes, half an Ounce: the Spirit of Vitriol, twenty Drops; mix them and make a Julep. If you will have a Medicine more astringent or binding, thus: Take of the Seeds of Plantain, Purslane, and Coriander prepared, of each, one Ounce: the Flowers of red Roses, Pomegranates, and yellow Mirabolans, of each, half an Ounce: Nutmegs, half a Drachm: Coral and Pearl prepared,  Hearts Horn, Bolearmenick, and the Roots of tormentil, of each, one Scruple; make them into Powder: Or, if you please, make them into a soft Electuary, with the Syrup of Myrtles, Comphry, or Quinces. The Milk of Asses, Cows, Goats, or Sheep is good, especially, if Flints be often quenched therein.  
Sweeting is a good Remedy, if it be provoked by outward means, or with China, Sarsa, and such mild Medicines, for it drives the watery Humour outward: but beware of strong Medicines, lest they purge by Urine, and increase the Distemper. Outwardly foment the Loins, with things which cool and bind; as the roots of Sorrel, Plantain; Pomegranate-peels; Sumath Seeds, etc. boiled in Vinegar; afterwards anoint with the Unguent of Roses, Sanders, and Comitissa.   

CHAP. LXVII. Of involuntary Pissing.  
THis Disease consisteth in the hurting of the retentive Action of the Bladder. Some are subject to this Distemper, while they are awake, which is the worst. Others are subject to it sleeping only, which is not so bad, because then the animal Functions are less exercised. There are two Causes of this Distemper; First, the Weakness and Looseness of the Sphincter Muscle of the Bladder. Or Secondly, the exquisite Sense of the Bladder, and the Sharpness of the Urine, (which stirreth up the expulsive Faculty) with consent of the Will. The first Cause is apparent in sucking Children, weak people, and such whose vital Heat is decayed, and the Body oppressed with cold and moist Humours. The other 'Cause you may discover in those, whose Bladder nor Sphincter is no ways distempered, but they imagine (when the Quantity and Sharpness of the Urine stirreth up the expulsive Faculty) that they are pissing against the Wall, and so get a custom of it, which cannot be cured by Medicines. The Sphincter Muscle may become weak or lose, by Youth, old Age, decay of vital Heat, by the Palsy; in Women, from Diseases of the Womb, or hard Labour, cutting for the Stone, or any Wound there, or deep Ulcer.  
This Disease is easily known, and the cause thereof is as easily discovered; if it come by Wound, Ulcer, old Age, or the like, it is apparent. If it come by consent of other parts, the Diseases of those parts are obvious as the original: If neither of them appear, consider the cold and moist Temper of the part, which is known by the internal and external causes, and the Effects upon them depending, as Softness of the Body, Whiteness, and Looseness of the Nervs about the privityes, Childhood, Age, evil phlegmatic Concoction, and such like.  
In old Men this Disease is incurable, because the vital Haunt cannot be repaired. In Children Nature worketh the cure, when they grow elder, by drying up the superfluous Humidity, and knitting the Muscle; but if a man continue so till the Age of twenty or twenty five, he is incurable. If involuntary Pissing come to a man sick of an acute Fever, Death is at hand.  
If this Disease come by a Wound or Ulcer or any other manifest Disease, the cure depends upon the removing of them; otherwise the cure is wrought by amending the cold and moist Distemper and the Looseness of the Sphincter Muscle. First, you must purge the cold and phlegmatic Humours; add to your phlegm-Purgers such Medicines, which purge and leave a binding Quality behind it, as Rhubarb, Myrabolans, and the like. Then give Medicines that knit the part and dry the Humours: Take of the Roots of Comphry, and Cypress, of each, half an Ounce: Cypresse-Nuts, and Myrtles dried, of each, two Drachms: Coriander Seed prepared, red Coral, Amber, and Shave of Ivory, of each, one Drachm: the Seeds of Plantain, Rue, and Acorn cups, of each, two Scruples: powder them, and with the Syrup of Comphry, make an Opiate, and give the Quantity of a chestnut Morning and Evening: or drink half a Drachm of the powder in red Wine. Sweeting Medicines are much commended. Things proper for the cure of this Disease are, the Brain and Stones of a Hare burnt: the Throat of a Cock; Snails and Egg shells; Mice fried or dried to powder; Hogs Hoofs powdered; Agrimony and the Gizzards of Hens in powder. Apply Medicines to the Privityes, that are hot, strengthening, and astringing. Let him drink the Decoction of the inward Bark of an Oak, of Sloes, and such like; and let him avoid drink to bedward. You must allay the Symptoms which may accompany this Disease, as Fevers, Thirst, Watch, Consumptions, etc. by the Remedies laid down in their proper chapters.   

CHAP. LXVIII. Of the Stoppage of Urine and Strangury.  
THe Stoppage of Urine, and the Strangury, are Diseases, which differ only in degree; the first is called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉; the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Iscuria is when the Urine is totally stopped: when little is voided than it is called Stranguria. The first is caused by an Obstruction in the Nerv, which helpeth the expulsive Faculty of the Bladder, by the Palsy, or some sleepy or stupifying Disease. A cold Distemper of the Bladder, dulling the Sense thereof, may be the Cause. Sometimes an Inflammation or Tumour in the Muscle of the Bladder may stop the Passage, the Stone, some thick humour, clod of Blood, or the like. Sometimes by long holding of Water, by which the Bladder is so stretched that it cannot contract itself to open the Passage. Sometimes the Bladder is empty, & no Urine cometh to it, this is called a bastard Iscuria, and may be caused, by some hurt in the attractive or expulsive Faculty of the Roins. The attractive Faculty is hure by some Stoppage in the Reins, or emulgent Veins. The Reins may be obstructed by the Stone, thick Phlegm, or the like; the emulgent Veins, by abundance of Blood or Water. Sometimes the watery humour is spent, as in Fevers; or sent to some other part, as in the Dropsy; by which means the attractive Faculty of the Reins is hindered. The expulsive Faculty of the Reins is hindered by the Stone, Phlegm, or clods of Blood.  
Diagoras: The Disease is easily known; the Causes thereof may be obtained. If it come by long holding the Urine, the Patient is able to inform you. If there be a stoppage in the part, the use of the Catheter or fearing Candle, and the ingenuity of the Artist, will discover the Nature of the stoppage. If the Passage be stopped by the Stone, the Symptoms of the Stone have gone before; If a Caruncle, there hath gone before a Gonorrhaea, or an Vlcerin the passage of the Yard. If clods of Blood stop the Passage, the Patient hath formerly voided Blood, and clotted Blood will stick to the Catheter.  
The Strangury is thus known, there is neither Weight, Tumour, or Extension about the Privityes, but rather an Emptiness; the attractive or expulsive Faculty of the Reins is obstructed as aforesaid.  
Prognostics are thus made; This Disease is ever dangerous, if it continue above seven days it is deadly. The same judge, if the Patient hath Hiccough or Tenasmus accompanying this Disease: or if it came by a Wound or Blow upon the backbone; or if his Breath stink of Piss. The Cure of both these consisteth in removing the Causes. If it proceed from the fullness of the emulgent Veins, bleeding is good: if from Diseases of the Reins or Ureters, seek the Cure out of the Chapters, that treat of the Pain, Inflammation, or Stone in the Kidneys. If it depend upon the Inflammation of the Bladder, see the 64 Chapter. If upon the Stone fastened in the Neck of the Bladder, lay the Patient upon his back, with his Thighs lifted up, move him hither and thither till the Stone fall out of the Passage; if that will not do, make use of the Catheter. If the Stone lieth in the Passage of the Yard, bathe the Yard in warm Milk or Oil, & labour to get it out with your fingers: if it will not come out; bind the Yard on each side, and make an Incision on the upper side of the Yard. If a Caruncle stop the Passage; Medicines, which are proper to take it away, must be conveyed to the part with a Wax-Candle. If Phlegm obstruct, purge it with Medicines convenient, and when you see occasion, give such as provoke Urine. The Chapters of the Stone of the Bladder or Kidneys will direct you how to prepare them, as also Clysters, Fomentations, Unguents, and the like.   

CHAP. LXIX. Of the Scalding of the Urine.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Dysuria in Greek is a Disease which modern Writers call, Scalding of the Urine: it differs from Stranguria in this, that more Water is made, and with far more pain. Any thing that can wound the Sphincter-Muscle, or passage of the Bladder, may be the Cause. The usual Cause is either a mixture of sharp Humours with the Urine, or sometimes, the sharpness of the Urine, caused by the eating of hot and sharp Meats, or by the hot Distemper of the Bowels, Liver, or other parts: or from evil Concoction in the Stomach or Liver, by which the Blood is not freed from salt and tartarous Humours, which, being sucked to the Kidneys, is sent to the Bladder, & causeth pain. Filthy Matter, coming from an Ulcer in the Reins or Bladder, may be the Cause; he who is troubled with a Gonorrhaea or Running of the Reins, is seldom free from scalding Urine. To conclude, the Stone or large Gravel may be the Cause.  
The Knowledge of this Disease is evident, the Signs of the Causes are easily gathered. If it be caused by the Stone, Inflammation, or Gonorrhaea, it is known by their proper Signs. If from sharpness of Urine, by the mixture of Humours, the Urine will be thin, and high coloured; or in it will appear a mixture of Choler, Phlegm, or Matter; the Patient hath eaten hot things, or else hath some hot Distemper.  
This Disease is not very dangerous, unless it continue long, and ulcerateth the Neck of the Bladder: Sometimes it is hard to be cured, especially, if the Patient be old.  
The Cure must be wrought by taking away the Cause: If a mixture of sharp Humours make the Urine sharp, first make use of Phlebotomy, which is good to correct the hot Distemper of the Liver and other parts, make use of this Evacuation as often as the Patient's Constitution will bear, and the Distemper require; then, to derive it from the part affected, open the lower Veins. Then purge with Cassia, Manna, Rhubarb, Mirabolans, Tamarinds, and such things, which purge gently: if you give it with the Decoction of Plantain, Mallows, Lettuce, Purslane, and the like, it will be the better. A gentle Vomit is much commended as a good Revulsion. Cooling Clysters are good. Inwardly the Whey of Goat's milk, or Mineral Waters that cool, are good for ordinary drink. Or this Julep: Take of the Roots of Marsh and common Mallows, of each, one Ounce: Lettuce, Endive, Purslane and Violet Leavs, of each, one Handful: Jujubes and Sebestens, of each one Ounce: of the four great cold Seeds, a Drachm: the flowers of Violets, Roses, and water-Lillyes, of each, one Pugil: boil them in Spring Water to a Pint and an half; strain it, and add of Jujubes, Violets, and Poppyes, of each, one Ounce and an half; Oil of Vitriol, twenty Drops: make a Julep for four Doses, to be taken Morning and Evening. If there be no Fever, give Milk by itself. The Troches of Winter Cherries is good. If the pain be very great, let the Patient, when he maketh Water, put his Yard into warm Milk, or a Decoction of Mallows, and other cooling Herbs. Or inject Milk, Plantane-Water, or an Emulsion of the cold Seeds, into the Passage. Baths and Fomentations, made of cool Herbs are good; and if the Privities be anointed with Unguentum Populeon, the Oil or Unguent of Roses, Oil of Lillyes, and the like, it profiteth. If the Liver, Reins, or other parts by their Heat be the Cause, use Medicines that are good to cool them. If the Liver be too hot, bleed the Haemorrhoids, or make an Issue in the right Leg. If it come from the Stone, Inflammation, or Ulcer of the Bladder or Kidneys, cure them according to the Rules in their proper Chapters; but the cooling Medicines, before mentioned, are good to allay the Symptoms.   

CHAP. LXX. Of Pissing of Blood.  
THough Blood may come from divers parts of the Body to the Passages of the Urine, yet I shall here speak only of that bloody Urine, which is made from the defect of the Reins or Bladder. The usual Causes are, much sharp Blood which corrodeth the Veins, or plenty of Blood which bursteth them; Sometimes a Stone in the Reins or Bladder, being moved by Riding or violent Excercise, by its roughness teareth the part. A Fall or Stroak, vehement Motion, lifting or carrying may break a Vein. Sometimes the Weakness of the Reins, being not able to divide the Urine from the Blood, may cause this Disease.  
This Disease is apparent to the Senses, for when Blood is mixed with the Urine, it appeareth like Water wherein Flesh hath been washed, with Clods of Blood at the bottom: if it stays too long in the Bladder it looks black. The place that is pained shows the part affected. If it come from the Reins, it is more mixed with the Urine, then if it come from the Bladder. If it come from the Bladder, it is in a lesser Quantity. If it come from the Stone in the Kidneys or Bladder, the Signs mentioned in their proper Chapters will appear. If it come from Repletion or Sharpness of Humours, the Abundance of Blood, Choler, Melancholy, or such Humours appear in the Body. If it come by a Blow, Fall, violent Exercise, etc. the Patient is able to inform.  
This Disease, if it be violent and continue long, is very dangerous; for sometimes the Patient falleth into a Consumption, sometimes into the Dropsy: Sometimes it causeth a Stoppage of Urine, and sometimes an Ulcer breedeth in the place from whence the Blood Floweth.  
If Blood or sharp Humours abound, begin the Cure with blood-letting; after a while, for derivation, let the Haemorrhoids and the Saphaena or Ancle-Vein be opened. Then purge the choleric Humours with those Medicines that are prescribed in the 30 Chapter Of Spitting of Blood. After you have purged sufficiently, give things that knit the Veins and stop Blood. For this purpose give four or five Ounces of the Juice of Plantain, and a Scruple of the Troches of Amber, or of Gordonius, Morning and Evening. Forestus in his Observations doth much commend Sheep's Milk; six Ounces, with one Drachm of Bolearmenick, is the Dose. The Decoction of Knotgrass, Purslane, Horse-Tail, Comphry roots, Plantain, Pomgranats, Quinces, and the like. Likewise the Powder of red Coral, Bloodstone, Sanguis Draconis, Terra Sigillata, given with the Water or Juice of Plantain is good. Giye cooling Juleps to allay the Heat of the Blood. Apply such things to the Loins as cool and astringe, thus: Take of the Roots of Bistort, Comphry, and Clowns-Wound-Wort, of each, one Ounce: Horse-Tail, Plantain Purslane, Knot grass, and Shepherd's purse, of each, one Handful: pomegranate peels, half an Ounce; Sumach, Myrtle Berries, and Hypocystis, of each, two Drachms: Acorn cups, red and yellow , of each, one Drachm: red Roses, three pugils: boil them in Smith's Water, and Vinegar, therewith foment the Reins. Then anoint the Loins with Unguentum Comitissae, and Refrigerans Galeni; and if you would have it bind more, add the juice of Plantain, or such like, Sanguis Draconis, etc. Then wear a thin plate of Lead, about the Reins, pricked full of holes. Let the Patient's ordinary drink, be Beer, in which is tunned Mastick-wood sliced and cut small, Plantain, and the Herbs before named. If the Liver be distempered with Heat, confer with the 53 Chapter. If the Stone or Gravel be the Cause, use no strong Diuretics, because they provoke the Flux, but that which I have known very effectual in this case, I shall here commend, and put an end to the Chapter: Take of the four greater and lesser cold Seeds, of each, one Drachm: Quince Seeds, half a Drachm: the Seeds of Marsh-Mallows, white Poppy and Winter Cherries, of each, one Scruple; make an Emulsion with the Decoction of Marsh-Mallows, and give two, three, or four spoonsuls in the Morning, and if you add a little Oil of Vitriol, it will be the better. Venice Turpetine, made into Pills with the Powder of Rhubarb, half a Drachm taken in the Morning doth gently cleanse the Reins.   

CHAP. LXXI. Of the Greensickness.  
THis Disease is called by some, the Virgin's Disease, the white Fever, the white Jaundice, but vulgarly the Greensickness. It is an evil habit of the Body, proceeding from the Obstruction of the Veins about the Womb, Liver, Spleen, and Mesentery, causing a heaviness & unweildinesse of the whole Body, difficulty of Breathing, panting of the Heart, and Headache, a desire after Food that is evil, and a loathing of good. The Veins about the Womb being obstructed, that Blood, which Nature hath ordained to go thither, having not free passage, runs upwards, and oppresseth the Heart, Liver, Spleen, Diaphragma, stops the Vessels, and destroys the natural Heat; hence it cometh to pass that the Stomach and Bowels cannot concoct well as they ought to do, so Crudityes are dispersed throughout the body, and make an evil Habit. Sometimes, by this means, the Hypocondria is swelled, which depressing the Diaphragma, causeth Shortness of Breath. This gross Blood being carried in the great Artery to the Heart, which, lest it should be suffocated by it, labours for its deliverance, & often moving of its Arteries, causeth a Palpitation, and Beating of the Temples. The Stomach, by this means, being filled with Crudityes and excrementitious Humours, causeth a Loathing of Food, and a desire after such things, which ought not to be eaten, as Salt, Chalk, Coals, Ashes, Oatmeal, Wheat, Tobacco-Pipes, etc. which Disease is called Pica Malacia, and we have spoken of it in the 35 Chapter of this Book. This Obstruction is caused many ways, as drinking cold Drink to Bedward; eating raw or unripe Fruits: Some go to Feasts, and upon a full Stomach, dancing and sporting all Night, disturb the natural Frame of the Body, and want Rest: others sleep too much, and sit long at their work, as Seamsters, Bonelace-makers, and the like. By these and the like means, Concoction is hurt, the natural Heat is extinguished, and the Body filled with crude Excrements and thick slimy Humours, which cause Obstructions.  
This Disease is easily known, and you may know the diseased, if you do but view their Faces, which are pale and white, sometimes of a Lead colour, blue or green, the Face and Eyelids, the Legs and Feet, swelled. The whole Body is unwieldy and lazy. When the body is stirred by Exercise, or Walking, especially going up a hill or steep place, there followeth Palpitation of the Heart, and Shortness of Breath, Beating in the Temples, and great Headache; behind, if the Womb be obstructed, before, if the Hypocondria be afflicted: there is great loathing of wholesome Meat, and desiring the contrary: the Pulse is swift and quick as in a Fever, and when the Disease comes to the height, the Terms are stopped.  
This Disease continueth a long time, yet is seldom dangerous; sometimes, by long continuance, it breeds Corruption in the natural parts, Dropsyes, Fevers, Consumptions, which end in Death. If the Veins of the Womb only are obstructed, a Husband will cure her. Women, that have a long time been in this condition, bring forth weak and sickly Children, and sometimes they are barren.  
This Disease is cured by opening the Obstructions, evacuating the filthy Humours, and strengthening of the parts. The Obstructions are opened, by such Medicines as are mentioned in the cure of the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen; you may add to them such things which respect the Womb, as Mugwort, Fetherfew, pennyroyal, etc. If the Spleen be obstructed, add such things which are proper for that, as Caper-bark, Ceterack, Spleenwort, etc. Open the Saphaena or Ancle-Vein, but first, if the Maid be full of Blood, open a Vein in the Arm. Then purge often with such Medicines as are prescribed in the Cure aforenamed: and make use of such Medicines as powerfully open Obstructions there prescribed. Zacutus Lusitanus doth much commend the Conserve of Mugwort, given thirty days together, drinking after it a little of the distilled Water of Savin, in which Rhubarb hath been infused. The Salt of Mugwort is very good, and Faecula Brioniae, mixed with the Conserve, hath an effectual and powerful operation. If the Obstructions are stubborn and not easily opened, make a Bath, thus: Take of the Roots of Marsh-Mallows, Briony, Elder, and Lillyes, of each, two pound: Balm, Fethersew, Mallows, Mercury, Maddir, Mugmort, Nep, Pennyrorall, and Violets, of each, three Handfuls: the Seed of Flax and Fenugreek, of each, two Ounces; boil them in a sufficient. Quantity of Water, and let the Patient bathe herself in the Morning and Evening, two days, & let the Decoction be renewed the second day. The next day, open the Vein under the Ankle, if the Terms be stopped, (as, for the most part, they are in this Disease,) then give Medicines that powerfully open Obstructions: when you find that the Obstructions are opened, which you may easily perceive by the decay of the aforenamed Symptoms, than you must discuss the peccant Humours, that remain in the Veins and other parts of the Body, by Sweats; for which you must use the Decoction of Guajacum in cold constitutions; or of China and Sarfa in those that are hot. In the mean while, every fourth or fifth day, give a purge to cleanse the Body of the crude Humours, which cannot be sent forth by Sweat.   

CHAP. LXXII. Of the Stoppage of the Terms.  
MEnsium Suppressio or the Terms stopped, is when a Woman of ripe Age, hath little or no Evacuation of Blood by the Womb, once in a Month, yet gives not suck, nor is with Child. Divers Diseases of the Womb may cause this Suppression, viz. A cold and dry Distemper, which thickneth and bindeth the Womb. A hot and dry Distemper drieth the part. Inflammation, Tumour, Ulcer, or Erosion of the mouths of the Vessels in Abortion; or Tumour in the adjacent parts, by compression, may cause this Stoppage. The Vessels of the Womb may be obstructed by thick and phlegmatic Humours, or they may be compressed by a Tumour in the parts adjacent. The cause may be in the Blood, when it offends in Quantity, Quality, or Motion; in Quantity, when there is too much Blood, which doth so dilate the Vessels, that they cannot contract to expel it: too little, when the Body hath not enough for its Nourishment. It offendeth in Quality, when the Blood is thick, slimy, and viscuous, by some cold Distemper of the Liver, or by the mixture of such Humours with the Blood. It offends in Motion, when it flows some other way, as by the Haemorrhoids, by Urine, the Nose, Vomiting, and by Spitting, and many other ways. Riverius saith, that he saw a Maid which had a sore Head which opened once a month and bled plentifully, and I know a Maid in the same Condition at this time.  
Externall causes are, taking cold in the time of the Flux: eating things of a very hot Nature, by which the Substance of the Liver is dried: or Food that is cold, thick, and astringent, especially, at the time of Purgation, eating too much or too little: by too long retaining of Excrements; by bleeding at the Nose, or any unnatural Evacuation by Vomit, Siege, Urine, or Sweat. To these add the external Causes mentioned in the Chapter aforegoing Of the Green-sickness.  
This Disease is known by the Patient's Relation, but it is convenient to distinguish between this kind of Suppression, and that which is common to Women with Child. They who have their Menstrues thus stopped, are pale and more discoloured, than those who are with Child. They who are in this condition, the longer it continues, the more the Symptoms increase; the contrary you shall find in Women with Child. They are likewise more sad and melancholy than those, who are with Child. In these the lower Belly, though it swell, yet it is not so hard nor proportionable to the Womb. And, Lastly, an expert Midwife may distinguish it by the mouth of the Womb; for in these the mouth of the Womb is not so close shut, as in a Woman with Child, but rather hard and painful.  
More particularly, the Stoppage of the Vessels of the Womb are known by a pain in the Loins, especially, when the Terms should flow, and if any thing issueth, it will be white, or blackish and slimy. If the parts adjacent be obstructed, the Veins in the Thighs & Arms, by abundance of Blood, are swollen: especially, if the Woman be fleshy, plethoric, and hath fed high. Or else the Woman wanteth Blood. Or the Blood is corrupted, which you may perceive by the evil habit of the Body, and some Disease of the Liver. If the Blood hath a preposterous Motion, or flow some other way, it is manifest.  
The Stoppage of the Terms is very dangerous, and many (I had almost said, all) Diseases may come thereof. It is lest dangerous if it come by reason of too much Blood. It is worst, which cometh by Straightness of the Vessels, or crude and slimy Humours, which obstruct them.  
The Cure consisteth in this generally; If too much Blood be the cause, abate the Quantity by Phlebotomy, first, in the Arm, then in the lower Veins. Then, by Fomentations, soften and relax the parts about the Womb; and give such Purges as do properly provoke the Terms. If you find that Want of Blood is the cause of the Obstruction, use Restoratives in the first place, and whatever you find to be the cause of Extenuation, let that be removed; and if you find a preposterous Motion of the Blood, labour to repel it, and drive it to the Passage of the Womb. But seeing that (for the most part) this Obstruction is in the Veins of the Womb, you may follow the same Rule in cure, prescribed, in the Chap: Of the Green sickness, adding such things which more especially respect the Womb. Purge thus: Take of Aloes, three Drachms: the Mass of Cochy Pills, one Drachm; with the Juice of Savin (or Syrup of Mugwort) make twenty Pills; and give three in the Morning every third day. Emollient Clysters are likewise of great use. After Phlebotomy, and sufficient purging, give such things as powerfully open Obstructions, such as are prescribed in the cure of Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen: to these add Medicines made of the Roots of Asparagus, Parsley, Fennel, Smallage, Maddir, Elicampane, Birth-Wort, Angelica, Cyperus; the leavs of Wormwood, Calamint, Camomile, Origan, Southern-wood, Mugwort, pennyroyal, Hyssop, horehound, Rue, Motherwort, Sage, Fetherfew, Maidenhair, Nep, and Savin: the seeds of Smallage, Parsley, Fennel, Juniper, Bayes, Annis, Cummin, Nettles, and such like; of these may be made Decoctions, or distilled Waters, Sitrups, and the like, which I omit, fearing my Book will swell to a far bigger volume than I intended. Of these or such like you may make a Bath for the Patient to sit in, afterwards anoint the Share, & parts about the Privities, with the Oil of Dill, Rue, Lillyes, etc. You may, likewise, make dry Suffumigations, with Castor, Storax, Galbanum, Cinnamon, Frankincense, Bdellium, Benzoins, Lignum Aloes, Cloves, and Mace. Or you may make Pessaries, with the mass of Cochy pills, & Honey, and the Juice of Mercury. Or with Hiera Picra, and Benedicta Laxativa, with the Honey and Juice aforesaid: but this remember, that Pessaryes must be applied to married Women only. If the Disease be inveterate, let Issues be made in the Legs, and after the menstrual Flux is obtained, let them be dried up again.   

CHAP. LXXIII. Of the immoderate Menstrual Flux.  
Mensium Fluxus Immodicus, is when the monthly Terms do exceed in Quantity, come too often, or stay too long. This is caused by an opening of the Veins, either by Abundance, Heat, Sharpness, or Thinness of the Blood, or by some Blow, Fall, or Wound: to understand the Cause more fully, have recourse to the 19 and 30 Chapters, Of bleeding at the Nose, and spitting of Blood. The Disease itself may be known by the Patient's information, and the Symptoms which follow, viz. decay of Strength and Appetite, an ill habit of the Body, by reason of ill Digestion, Swelling of the Legs, and a Leady coloured Complexion. To know the Causes, observe, that a thin habit of the Body, with a Diet, which doth increase thin and wheyish Blood; or you may perceive the thin and wheyish Humours in the Blood, which cometh from the Patient, this showeth that the Blood soaketh through the Veins. If the Coats or Ends of the Veins be broken, the Patient hath had soul Wound, Bruise, or Fall, or used some immoderate Labour, Excercise, or Venery; hath endured too great Heat or Cold: or she hath had a hard bargain in Childbirth, a Miscarriage, or been handled by an unskilful Midwife. If there be an Exulceration in the Womb, by which the Veins are eaten through, the Blood droppeth by little and little, with Pain and Sharpness: the Patient's Body is afflicted with sharp and choleric Humours: the Blood, which issueth, is at first matterish, wheyish, blackish, or yellow: If it increase, the Ends of the Veins come with the Blood, and the Flux increaseth, and is hard to be stopped.  
Prognostics are; All long and lasting Issues of Blood are dangerous, especially those of the Womb; that which comes by soaking through the Veins, though it continueth longer, yet the Blood and Spirits do not so much decay, therefore it is not so dangerous. On the contrary, the breaking of the Veins cause more danger because of the sudden issuing of Blood, yet is sooner cured, because the Patient hath Strength and Store of Blood. But of all the other that which comes from Exulceration is most dangerous, because some part of the Veins is perished, which letteth out the Blood in great abundance, and is very difficult to be cured. If she grow weaker, and the Issue more violent, there is danger of Death; in elderly Women, it is hard to be cured.  
Since the Cure must be performed in the same manner (almost) as is prescribed in the 51 Chapter Of the immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids, I shall say the less. First open a vein in the Arm, and let her bleed much by degrees. Use Frictions and Ligatures; and fasten Cupping-Glasses to her dugs, as Hypocrates adviseth. Purge with the same Medicines prescribed in the Chapter aforegoing. Also Vomits are good, for they draw the Blood upwards, and Hypocrates, treating of women's Diseases, doth much commend them. Then make use of this Powder, much commended by Johannes Michael Paschalius, and it is thus prepared: Take the Shells of two new laid Eggs burnt; Frankin-cense, Mastic, of each, half an Ounce: Pearls and red Coral prepared, and Amber, of each, two drachms: Hamatites and Emerald, of each, half a Scruple: Barley meal fine sifted, two pugils: the Whites of four Eggs, and chalybiated Water, enough to make the Powder into two Cakes; bake them in an Oven, so hard, that they may be beaten to Powder; give, of this Powder, half a Drachm, or a Drachm in the Morning, in Broth made of Sheep's feet or Calves feet. The Juice of Plantain, Yarrow, Nettles, Shepherd's Purse, Knotgrass, Comphry, and Horstail, is very good, or a Syrup made of all or either of them is much, and upon good grounds, commended. Milk, in which red hot Steel hath been quenched, allayeth the Sharpness of the Humours, and stayeth the Flux. spikenard, in fine Powder inwardly taken, or applied to the Womb upon a little Lint, hath been much approved of. Mineral Waters, which receive their Tincture from Vitriol, Iron, or Alum, do remove the Cause and strengthen the Part. The Chemists do much commend the Tincture of Coral, and vitriolated Steel. Before you go farther take this necessary Caution, that you do not altogether give strong astringents, but sometimes Medicines which strengthen the Liver, and somewhat bind. Outwardly foment upon her Loins, Share, and about the Privityes, with a fomentation made of the aforegoing Herbs. Then anoint the parts aforesaid with the Oil of Myrtles, Mastic, and Quinces: or make an Ointment more astringent. adding, Frankincense, Dragon's Blood, Sealed Earth, Bolearmenick, and the like. Unguentum Comitissae is very powerful in this Distemper. Afterwards apply a Plaster to the Navel and Loins, Emplastrum ad Herniam, Hystericum, or Emplastrum de Mastich, either of these; or all three are very effectual. Likewise dry Fumes, Pessaryes, and Injections, for the Womb, may be prepared of the aforenamed Herbs and other astringent Simples. When she is cured, you must endeavour to prevent the Disease for the future, by the Rules prescribed in the 51 Chapter, Of the Immoderate Flux of the Haemorrhoids.   

CHAP. LXXIV. Of the Whites.  
THis Disease is called the Flux of the Womb, the Woman's Flux, and the Whites; and it is an excrementitious Humour, flowing from the Womb, sometimes white, and sometimes watery, sometimes mixed with yellow, green, or black, according to the Nature of the Humour. Women are subject principally to this Distemper, and sometimes Maids, though some have affirmed the contrary, and condemned them as unchaste, yet according to the opinion of the wisest Physicians, the purest Virgins may have this Infirmity, and their opinion is confirmed daily by Experience. These Humours are bred in the whole Body, or in some particular part, or in the Womb itself. They are bred in the whole Body, either by ill Diet, or a vicious habitual Distemper. The particular parts may be, the Brain, Stomach, Liver, or Spleen. These Humours may be bred in the Womb, by a cold or hot Distemper therein; the cold maketh it unable to digest its Nourishment, and the hot Distemper corrupteth it, hence cometh this excrementitious Humour. Childbearing, Abortion, Contusion, Inflammation, Imposthume, or Ulcer in the Womb may weaken the part and dispose it to breed and receive such Humours.  
This Disease is known by the relation of the Patient; from what part it cometh is thus known: If the whole Body send this Humour to the Womb, the whole Body appeareth in an evil State, is weary and heavy, as if the Patient were weary with hard labour, and by this Flux her Body is at present refreshed; the Hands and Feet are puffed up, with a great itching and stinging, if the Humour be choleric. If it come from some peculiar part, the Symptoms and Excrements proper to that part appear. If it come only from the Womb, something hath happened, which hath hurt the Womb, as a Fall or Blow upon the Back or Belly, immoderate carnal Embracements, especially if the Woman be young, or any Disease of the Womb. Signs, that distinguish between this Disease and an Ulcer in the Womb, or Gonorrhaea, are these: If there be an Ulcer in the Womb, that which floweth is more digested, mattery, mixed with Blood and stringy, and cometh with pain; and the Woman admits not of Copulation without pain. In the Gonorrhaea the Matter comes in a small Quantity, and seldom, and is of a shining Whiteness. But if it be a Gonorrhaea which is gotten by acting with an unclean Person, then is the Womb ulcerated, the Urine sharp, and many other malignant Symptoms.  
This Disease is not dangerous, but is hard to be cured, for it is hard to divert the Humours from this Channel, it being the Sink of the Body, through which the superfluous Humours of a healthy Body, are every Month evacuated. That which is bluish, green, black, and stinking is worse than that, which is pale, white, and doth not stink. This Disease is seldom cured in old Women, because they abound in Phlegm. Lastly, by its continuance it may breed great evils, as Barrenness, Falling out of the Womb, evil habit in the whole Body, and Consumption.  
To cure, the Humour offended must be purged with convenient Medicines; and because Phlegm for the most part is the Humour peccant, purge with such Medicines as principally purge Phlegm, with which mix such as purge the Humour mixed. Vomits (if the Patient be strong) are good, because they empty the Stomach of excrementitious Humours, and do powerfully revel the Humours from the Womb. After sufficient Evacuations, let the Patient take sweeting Decoctions, made of Lignum Vitae and Sassafras, if the Patient be phlegmatic; of China and Sarsa, if she be choleric or melancholy. Also Sweat procured by sulphurous Baths, is kind. Milk wherein Steel hath been quenched is very good, and it will be more powerful it a little Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, and Terra Sigillata, be given with it. Among a multiplicity of Medicines, which are astringont and proper for this Diseale, I shall insert but one or two. Zecheus doth highly commend this following Electuary: Take of Gum Arabic and Gum Tragant, of each, two Drachms: Coral of both sorts, Eg-shells burnt, Hartshorn, Dill Seeds, Amber, of each, four Scruples: Honey of Roses, as much as will make into it an Electuary; give half an Ounce in the Morning and fast two hours after it. This Julep I have found of great virtue: Take of the distilled Water of Plantain, red Roses, Oak Leavs, and Knot grass, of each, four Ounces; infuse therein, a whole Night, of the Flowers of Comphry, bugloss, and red Roses, of each, one Pugill: strain them out, and make it sharp with Oil of Vitriol; with the Syrup of Comphry and red Roses, make a Julep for four or five Morning's Draughts. Whatever part sendeth pblegmatick Matter to the Womb, you must seek its cure from its proper Chapter. To conclude, the Medicines prescribed in the former Chapter are good against this Distemper. Outward Remedies, as Fomentations, Unguents, Fumes, Pessaryes, and Injections, such as are prescribed in the Chapter aforesaid, are useful here.   

CHAP. LXXV. Of the Mother.  
THis Disease is called, the Hysterical passion, Uteri Strangulatio, by the Greeks, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, we call it the Mother and Strangling of the Womb. It is caused by the Seed, menstrual Blood, or other excrementitious Humours, retained besides the intent of Nature, in the Womb, and there putrified and corrupted, breedeth venomous and, malignant Vapours, which arising doth afflict divers parts of the Body. Now these Vapours do not always afflict, but when they are stirred up by some cause; (the most noted are, sweet odours, sweet meats eaten, anger, terror, and grievous passions of the mind; these and such like bring Women, subject to this Infirmity, into their Fits, wherein their breathing is impaired, sometimes (to appearance) abolished, the Body becomes cold, their Speech gone, and Pulse intercepted; so that they lie for dead, and sometimes have been laid out for burial, and yet have revived. Sometimes these choking Fits are not so extreme, yet is accompanied with other hysterical Symptoms, as Vomitings, Rave, Convulsions, Swoonings, and the like. Sometimes the Patient feeleth herself, as it were, choked by an halter or rope, this is caused by abundance of Vapours and Winds ascending from the Womb, (sometimes seconded by hypocondriac Melancholy) which Vapours, compressing the Diaphragma and Lungs, hinder Respiration, and the Patient feeleth herself as it were strangled. Others will have it proceed from the Nature of the malignant Vapours, whose property is to cause Suffocation. Sometimes she loseth her Breath without pain or sense of Strangling, by reason of the stupefactive Power of these Vapours, which taketh away the vital Action from the Heart, and so hindereth Respiration: For Nature having ordained the drawing of Breath to cool the Heart, and the Heart is extremely cooled by these venomous Vapours, having no need of the cool Air, Breathing ceaseth: For the vital Spirits being destroyed, the Animal, which are made of them must needs lose their functions; We may also say that these venomous and stupisying Vapours do fly up and assault the Brain, and hinder the Influx of the animal Spirits, whereby the Motion of the Diaphragma and the Muscles, which serve for Respiration, are hindered. Likewise the Womb being filled with these flatuous Vapours, doth ascend towards the upper parts, as it were, by a convulsive Motion, which causeth a Compression of the Midriff and Muscles of Respiration. Sometimes these sharp and malignant Vapours ascend to the Head, and disperse themselves into the membranous parts, and cause divers pains, pricking and smarting, and sometimes stretching and swelling; sometimes they cause pains beating like the Pulse. Sometimes the Falling-sickness cometh from the Womb, by reason of sharp and malignant Vapours, which having gotten a powerful Acrimony, do sharply smite the nervous parts. These Vapours assaulting the Heart, the Heart laboureth to expel them, hence ariseth Palpitation. Likewise it causeth a great Pulsation in the Back. The Stomach doth oftentimes suffer much by this Distemper, according to the Nature of the Humours afflicting, or part of the Stomach it gets possession of; as Want of Appetite, or a depraved Appetite, that is, destring Food which Nature disdains, as Coals, Chalk, etc. Loathing of Meat, Vomiting, Belching, Hiccough, and pain in the Stomach. If, in the Womb, menstrual Blood is retained, it floweth back by the Voins into the Liver, from thence shed abroad into the whole Body, hence cometh Swelling, Fevers, and other Diseases. If it flows back to the Spleen, Swelling, Stopping, Melancholy, and hypocondriacal Diseases are bred. Lastly, Women have pains in their Loins, Thighs, and other parts, which are caused by these Vapours conveyed from the Womb. Therefore, to know this from other pains, mark well the Signs of this Disease.  
Much may be gathered from what huth already been said, remembering this, you must not expect all the Symptoms in one, but some in one, and some in another, the Breathing faileth, Sense of Strangling, Coldness of the Body, the Pulse ceaseth, and the like, which I have mentioned before. There goeth before the Fit a Noise in the Belly below the Navel, Belching, Inclination to Vomit, Weariness, Stretching, the Face pale and wan. As it gathers Strength it bringeth Suffocation or Choking, afterwards all the vital & animal Actions are depraved, diminished, and, as it were, abolished, the Womb may be felt in divers parts of the lower Belly, gathered round like a Ball, tossing and tumbling to and fro. When the Fit gins to be over, a moist Humour floweth out of the Womb, the Body beginneth to be warm, they have a Colour in their Face, they open their Eyes, they sigh, they begin to move, and so by degrees are freed from the Fit.  
Signs of the Causes are thus known; If the Seed corrupting in the Womb hath been the Cause, there hath preceded those things, which might gather together or excrease Seed, and cerrupt it in the Womb; as flourishing Age, high keeping, and an idle life, Sanguine Complexion and ripe for Generation; or one formerly accustomed to the Actions of Generation and left it of: if any such fall into this Disease, and have their monthly Purgation well, you may judge that Corruption of Seed is the Cause. If it come from the Putrefaction of menstruous Blood, the Menstrues are stopped, or come not down well, and the Woman wanteth no carnal Embracements. If evil Humours be the Cause, the Woman enjoyeth camall Excercise, and hath her monthly Purgation, but her Body is full of evil Humours.  
Prognostics we make thus: This Disease is seldom mortal, but of long continuance; the Patient is in great danger if it continue long, because Respiration being so often hurt, there is danger that the native Heat be suffocated. Young Women when they come to bear Children, for the most part they are cured: Old women are seldom or never cured. To women with Child it is very dangerous, and threatneth Miscarriage: To Women lying in, as dangerous by reason of their Weakness. It is good for a Woman to sneez in the Fits, for it signifieth Strength of the Brain, and it disperseth the Vapours from the Brain.  
I shall lay down a few Rules, first, to give present ease in the Fit; secondly, to give perfect Cure. First, lay her down in such a posture, that her Neck and Shoulders may lie high, her Thighs and Privities low, shooting downwards, that so the Womb may be the better reduced. Let her lower parts be rubbed and bound so hard as to cause pain. And if her Fit be inveterate, apply Cupping-Glasses to her Hips and Share. If she swoon, rub the Bottoms of her Feet with Vinegar and Salt, and course . Hollow in her Ears, and bend her Fingers, and if need require apply Epispastick Cataplasms to her Feet. Put strong and stinking things under her Nose, as Leather and Feathers burnt, Brimstone fited, Assafaetida, Castoreum, and the like. But take this Caution, carefully to distinguish between this Disease and the Falling-sickness, for in the latter such Smells are hurtful. The Warts that grow upon a Horse's Legs being dried and powdered and a Fume made thereof, under the Patient's Nose, is very good in the time of the Fit. The smoke of Tobacco blown into the Mouth and Nostrils is likewise of great efficacy to free the Woman from the Fit-Whilst you do this, you must apply Musk or Civet, wrapped up in cotton Wool, to the Womb. Then blow th●s Powder into her Nose: Take of white Pepper, Mustard Seed, Pellitory, and Castor, of each, one Scruple: make it into a very fine Powder, and blow some up her Nose: if you judge it not strong enough, add a little white Hellebore or Eaphorbium. Or let her Nose be anointen with Oil of Amber. If the Fit be of long continuance give her a laxative, carminative, or wind-expelling Clyster: if one doth it not, give another. Afterwards give another made of Vinegar and Water, and let her drink a little Vinegar and Water. Apply Emplastrum Hystericum to the Navel, or a Plaster made of Galbanum, Caranna, Assafaetida, and Tachamahaca. If you find the Sick troubled with plenty of Wind and Vapours, bathe and foment the Belly with Fomentations made of emollient, carminative, and discussing Herbs and Seeds. If the Sick be a married Woman let her have carnal Conjunction with her Husband as soon as ever the Fit is over. If that cannot be had, that is, if she be a Maid or Window, let a Midwife, tickle the Neck of the Womb with her finger anointed with the Oil of Musck, Cloves, or the like, that so the offensive Sperm may be avoided. You may in the Fit give Pills made of Assafaetida, Castor, Faecula Brioniae, Myrrh, and the like; and, if the Fit be violent, give Pillulae Faetidae. Oil of Amber given three or four drops in some convenient Waters are very good. The Afterbirth of a Woman, that lieth in of her first Child, dried, and powdered, and a Drachm given in some convenient Liquor, is excellent: Quercetanus his Powder made of Elderberryes, taken a Drachm in Wine, is very good.  
For the Cure, you must consider whether the Woman be with Child or not, and be careful how you administer stinking Medicines for fear of Abortion, but rather outward Medicines then inward. Whatever part of the Body suffer by this Disease, either Brain, Heart, Liver, etc. take care to free and strengthen the part, seek the means in their proper Chapters. The Patient must once in a Month be purged with such Medicines, as principally regard the Humour offending, adding thereto things that are hysterical. If the Body be full of Blood open a Vein, or bleed the Haemorrhoids if Nature requireth it. After general Evacuation, make use of sweeting Decoctions, or let the Patiented frequent sulphurous Baths. These Pills are much commended: Take of the Troches of Agarick, one Drachm and an half: Hiera of Colloquintida, one Drachm: the Seeds of Carrots, and Agnus Castus, of each one Scruple: Myrrh, Castoreum, and Diagridium, of each half a Scruple; Venice Turpetine, as much as will suffice to make all into a Mass, let her take half a Drachm or two Scruples twice or thrice in a Month. Or Pillulae Faetidae taken, half a Drachm, once in a Month doth very much cleanse the Womb. Then make use of this Syrup, much commended by Mercatus: Take of the Juice of Mercury, and the cream of Carthamus Seeds, of each, six Ounces: the Water of Scorzonera, seven Ounces: Sugar, as much as will make it into a Syrup: while it boiles add of Confectio de Hyacintho, of Alchermes, and Powder of the Electuary de Gemmis, of each, two Drachms; let the Dose be two or three Ounces. Assasaetida, and Castor made into Pills with Hony have a peculiar property against these Firs: many use the former with good success, tied up in a thin rag or farcener, and hung about the Neck: and for this purpose the Liver or Flesh of a Wolf; or the Pizzell, or Stones of a Fox dried and hung about the Neck with a string, resting upon the Navel; vitriolated Steel, or the Salt thereof, given with Sugar, from two, to twenty grains, according to the Strength of the Patient, is much commended, for opening Obstructions and cooling the Womb. Eight days before she expect her monthly Purgations, let the Woman sit in a mollifying and resolving Bath, that so the Humours may be resolved and flow forth with her Courses. Lastly, Issues made in the Thighs are good, for they derive and turn aside evil Humours from the Womb.   

CHAP. LXXVI. Of the Inflammation, Ulcer, and hard Swelling of the Womb.  
THis Disease is a Swelling of the Womb, which is caused by Blood mixed with Choler or other Humours flowing to the part, vehement Excercise, or immoderate Copulation; some Blow or Fall upon the part: Meats that are sharp and sretting, or such things as naturally offend the part, as Cantharideses, or Pessaryes that are of a sharp Nature, Abortion, hard Labour in Childbed, or a violent handling by an unskilful Midwife.  
The Signs of this Disease are, Swelling, Heat, & Pain about the Region of the Womb, the Body feavourish. If the Inflammation be in the Neck of the Womb, the pain is felt towards the Groin, if in the former side, the Bladder suffereth, if in the hinder side, the straight Gut will be sensible thereof, and the Pain is violently felt about the Loins. If either side of the Womb be inflamed, the Thigh and Groin on the same fide will be heavy and pained. If you consider the Const tution and present Temper of the Patient, you may easily guess what Humour offends. If it be purely Blood, the Symptoms are more mild; if Choler be mixed, it is more vehement; if Phlegm or Melancholy, the Distemper is more fixed and lasting, but the pain is not so vehement. If the Inflammation imposthumate, and gather Matter, the pain and Fever increaseth, and the Patient hath shaking Fits, and most of all about the Evening. Sometimes it turns to an Ulcer, which is known by avoiding of snotty. Matter or Quittor out of the Womb. If it be particoloured, greenish, or Led coloured, stinking, and cometh away with great pain, it is the worse. If it depend upon the French Pox or Gonorthaea, their Symptoms will declare the same. Sometimes the Inflammation turns not to an Imposthume nor Ulcer, but to a painless hard Swelling, called a Schirrus, which is thus known: the Fever and pain ceaseth, and the Swelling remaineth; there is a hardness, heaviness, and Sense of Weight, bearing down when the Woman standeth.  
As to the Prognostic, I shall say a word or two of either of them: An Inflammation of the Womb is a dangerous, and de adly Symptom, especially, if the whole Womb be inflamed. If a Woman with Child suffer Inflammation of the Womb, the Child dyeth, and probably the Mother followeth. Rave, Hiccoughs, Coldness of the Hands and Feet, and cold Sweats, are the Messengers of Death. If it imposthumate and turn to an Ulcer, it ought not to be slighted, because the Womb is of exquisite Sense, and hath a fellow-felling with the principal parts of the Body. If the Ulcer turns cancrous, hollow, or fistulous, it is seldom or never cured, but vexeth the Patient miserably all her life-time. An Ulcer in the Neck of the Womb is most easily cured, because Medicines may be applied to them immediately. A Schirrhus, or insensible hard Swelling, is seldom cured, because the natural Heat is so weak in that part, that it can hardly discuss such an hard and almost stony Substance: If it be not cured it soon brings a Dropsy: and if it be tampered with, with over hot and moist Medicines, it turns to a Cancer.  
The Cure you must prosecute thus: First, in the Inflammation of the Womb, give a cooling Clyster, then open the Basilick Vein, on the same side the Womb is inflamed, if all the Womb be inflamed, repeat your Phlebotomy, afterwards open the lower Veins. Rubbing and Binding are good, and Cupping-Glasses fastened to the Loins and Back. Purge the Humour offending with such things as purge gently. Then give cooling Juleps or Emulsions to allay the Heat and sharpness of the Humours; mix therewith Narcoticks to give ease and rest, if the Patient be tired out, Apply cooling Liniments and Cataplasms; In Liniments use, the Oil and Ointment of Roses, Galen's cooling Ointment, Ceratum Santalinum, and such like; and with the Oil of Roses, white Bread and Milk, make Cataplasms, adding the Juice of Henbane, Nightshade, Plantant, and Sorrell; or instead of the white Bread, the Meal of Barley, Flax and Fenugreek Seed. Of such cool Herbs make Injections, and Pessaries. But use not cooling and repelling too long, lest the Tumour be fixed and hardened, but rather use softening and discussing Medicines with repelling, such as these, viz. Marsh and common Mallows, Mugwort, Melilor, Camomile, Fenugreek. If the Patient be subject to be costive, give gentle purgers, or mollifying and cooling Clysters. If the pain be very violent, make Injections with new Milk, and a little Opium: and make Pessaries of Philonium Romanum and a little Cotton and apply it. If it tends to Suppuration, apply a Cataplasm made of the aforenamed softening Herbs, fat Figs, Yolks of Eggs, Saffion, Oil of Lillyes and fresh Butter. When it is broken we must endeavour to purge out the Quitter, and cleanse the Ulcer. You must often purge with gentle Medicines, as Senna, Rhubarb, Tamarinds, Mirabolans, Agarick, Catholicon, and such like, that the evil Humours may be diverted from the Womb; for such who are easy to vomit, a gentle Vomit is very profitable. Make a vulnerary Drink to cleanse and heal the Ulcer: Take of Agrimony, Burnet, Mugwort, Knotgrass, Plantain, and Yarrow, of each, one Handful: China Root, half an Ounce: Rha Ponticum, one Ounce: Currants, and French Barley, of each, two Ounces: boil them in Chicken-Broth, and let the Patient take somewhat more than a Quarter of a Pint, Morning and Evening. Venice Turpotine washed in Mugwort Water, or in the Water of any other Herb, respecting the Ulcer, is good to cleanse and heal it. If the Humours be sharp and painful, inject the Emulsion of the cold Seeds, Goat's Milk, or (for want thereof) Cows Milk, with the Juice of Shepherd's Purse, or of any of the Herbs aforenamed. To dry and fill up the Ulcer, make a Decoction of the aforenamed Herbs, or of the like Nature, made in Water wherein Steel hath been quenched, or in Plantain Water: add thereto Acacia, Hypocistis, Sanguis Draconis, Bolearmenick, fine Starch, Aristolochia rotunda, great Comphry, etc. Unguentum Egyptiacum, de Plumbo, de Ceruso, and de Apio, are very good in Injections; and the Oil of the Yolks of Eggs, stirred in a Leaden Mortar, is much more commended. If the Ulcer in the Womb come by reason of the French Pox, a Fumigation made of Cinnabaris, or Minium, taken into the Cavity of the Womb, hath a peculiar property to cleanse and heal the Ulcer; the same virtue hath Quicksilver Ointments.  
If it come to a Schirrhous Tumour, you must purge the melancholy and rebellious Humours, and give steeled and such Medicines, which powerfully open Obstructions of the Womb or other parts. Then you must prepare emollient and resolving Medicaments to be applied outwardly; as the Fomentation, and Cataplasm mentioned in the 56 Chapter, Of the Schirrbus of the Liver. Likewise the Lineament there prescribed, may serve here for an Injection. To conclude, you must use a great deal of care, diligence, and industry in this Cure, lest that the Tumour become harder, or, (which is most dangerous) degenerate into a Cancer.   

CHAP. LXXVII. Of the Womb swelled by Wind or Water.  
There is a twofold Dropsy of the Womb, one from Wind, which is like that sort, called Tympanites, the other from a watery and wheyish Humour, answering to Ascites. Some add a third answering to Leucophlegmatia, which is seldom seen. This Wind or Water is contained in the Cavity of the Womb, or in the Membranes thereof, or in certain Bladders. It is caused by the weakness of natural Heat in the Liver or Spleen, from which parts. Wind, Phlegm, or wheyish Humours are sent to the Womb: or by the weakness of the Womb, those Humours are collected. Causes which weaken the natural heat of the womb are many, viz. cold air heedlessly taken into the womb, or staying in the cold, or paddling in cold water whilst the courses flow: the use of cold meats and drinks; add to these, abortion, hard labour, immoderate flux of the Terms; all diseases proper to the Womb.  
This disease is best discovered by signs, which distinguish between this and the universal Dropsy of the Belly. The Womb-Dropsy causeth a swelling, chief in the lower Belly; in the other Dropsy, the swelling is in all parts: in this the Body decays not, nor there is not such a Thirst and Dryness of the Tongue as in the other; and Wind and Water sometimes bursteth out at the Mouth of the Womb. Secondly to distinguish between the sorts of these Dropsyes, consider, if Wind be the Cause, the lower part of the Belly, being struck, giveth a Sound, thence is a pricking pain in the Belly, which reacheth to the Diaphragma: the Womb riseth like a Globe towards the stomach, Wind bursteth our of its Neck, and the Patient is subject to Belching, and when she breaketh Wind, she findeth some ease. If a watery wheyish Humour be the Cause, the part appeareth soft and flaggy with a Noise of Water, and great Heaviness. If from Phlegm, it will be more soft; and the parts adjacent, as well as the Womb, have a phlegmatic Swelling. Thirdly, you ought to consider, whether this Disease hath its original in the Womb, or by consent of other parts, thus: if there appear Symptoms of the whole Body or some part thereof to be misaffected, viz. if there be long Fevers, or a Flux of Blood, Distillations from the Head, Weakness of the Stomach, Swelling of the Liver and Spleen, and other stubborn Diseases in those arts, judge that the Womb receives its Distemper from some of these parts. On the contrary, if the Body and all the parts are in good health, saving some particular Disease of the Womb, than judge that the Disease hath its original in the Womb. Fourthly, to know, whether the Wind or watery Humour be in the Cavity of the Womb, or in little Bladders, take these two Rules, that if it be in the Cavity of the Womb, it maketh a greater Swelling, and more Water flows out at the Neck of the Womb. Secondly, if little Bladders of Water come forth, it is an evident Sign that the Water or Wind is not contained in the Cavity of the Womb. Fifthly, this Womb-Dropsy is easily distinguished from Tumours of the Womb, caused of blood or Choler, because there is no Fever; nor pain in the touching of it; it differeth likewise from a schirrhous Tumour, for it is not so hard as not to yield to the finger. Sixthly, it is very convenient to distinguish between this Disease and a Woman's being with Child: when a Woman gins to be big with Child, the bigness of her Belly buncheth out, in this Disease it is depressed and flat: in the first, the Woman's Dugs do swell, in the latter they become extenuated and smaller. Women with Child, after a while, grow better and better, but in this Disease they grow worse and worse. Again the Child is manifestly perceived to stir. Lastly, you must distinguish between this Disease and the false Conception Mola, thus: in Mola Women find a great heaviness in their Wombs, and when they turn toly on either side, it rolls like a Stone to that side: again they that have conceived with Mola (for the most part) have a violent Flux of their Terms, every third or fourth Month, and lastly the Dugs swell and sometimes have Milk in them; which things never happen in this Womb-Dropsy.  
Sometimes this Disease cometh not to the height but proveth an Inflation: if it continueth, if the Humour be void of Putrefaction, though it continueth long, yet it is curable, nay, sometimes it floweth out of its own accord. If wind or water be in the cavity it is evacuated with more ease, then if it be shut up in Bladders. If the Humour be malignant and sharp, it produceth the like Symptoms, and is dangerous, for the most part deadly.  
You must begin the Cure with Phlebotomy, if the Disease hath its original from the Terms, and the Body be plethoric, other wise it will much hurt, because natural Heat is much weakened thereby. Then you must give such things as have power to purge, open, provoke Sweat, and move the Courses: you need go no farther then to the 58 and 71 Chapters, treating Of the Dropsy and Green-sickness. Give a gentle Vomit twice a week, if the Woman be easy to vomit. The Heat of the Stomach must be cherished and maintained, by Medicines prescribed in the Chapters treating of the Diseases of that part; and the Womb must be strengthened, and the peccant Humours discussed by Fomentations or Baths, made of the Decoction of the Roots of Briony, wild Cucumber, and horse Radish: the Leavs of Dwarf-Elder, Mercury, common Elder, Origanum, Calamint, Rue, Sage, Wormwood, Marjarom, Mugwort, pennyroyal, Time: the Seeds of Annis, Fennel, Broom, Carrots, Cummin, Bay, and Juniper: the Flowers of Camomile, Melilot, and Rosemary. If it be a windy Dropsy, a dry Fomentation will be much better. Afterwards anoint with the Oil of Nard, Rue, Wormwood, Dill, and Southernwood. Give frequent Clysters, and Injections to evacuate the Humours contained in the Womb: then make Pessaryes, of Coloquintida, Elaterium, Mechoacan, and such like, with Honey, and apply it. Nitrous and sulphurous Baths do profit much, and, if the Disease proceed from Humours falling to the part, let Issues be made in the Thighs.   

CHAP. LXXVIII. Of the falling down of the Womb.  
SOmetimes the Womb looseth its natural Situation, and falleth down to the water-gate, sometimes out to the very Thigh. All things that may cause a Rupture or Relaxation of the Ligaments of the Womb, may be a cause of this grief, as a Blow, Fall, dancing, leaping, lifting, carrying, violent sneezing, or coughing, (especially in Childbed, or being big with Child, Tenasmus, hard Travel, a violent drawing the Child out of the Womb, or of the afterbirth, or the expulsive Faculty of the womb, being violently provoked to expel a dead Child, after birth, or the Mole, and many such like Accidents may be the cause of the breaking of the Ligaments, and falling out of the Womb. A Relaxation of the Ligaments may be caused by a long Defluxion, by Crudityes, the Whites: external Causes may be prevalent, as bathing in cold water; the Southern or moist Air being received into the Womb, soon after a lying in, Meat of a cold and moist Nature; to conclude, all Meats, Drinks, and Actions, which will breed Phlegm, or cause its Deflux into the Womb.  
This Disease needs no Signs to discover it by, it being apparent to the Sense: the causes may be thus distinguished. If it come by Looseness of the Ligaments, it cometh by little and little, the pain is leffe, causes, moistening the Womb have preceded. If it come by a Rupture, there is a violent pain; sometimes Blood starteth out, and such causes, which have been able tobreak the Ligaments, have preceded.  
If the womb fall down by a rapture of the Ligaments, it is incurable. That which comes by a relaxation of the Ligaments is not very dangerous, but troublesome to the patiented, it hinders her walking, conception, and monthly Purgation. In young Women it is caslier restored to its place, than in elderly. The womb coming not far out, and if taken in time, the Cure is far more easy than if the contrary happen. Sometimes grievous and violent Pains do attend it, and threaten Death. Sometimes the Air corrupteth the womb, and it becomes gangrenated, so that there is a Necessity that it be cut off.  
You must begin the Cure with such Medicines that may discharge the Guts and Bladder of their Exerements, that they may not hinder the Reduction of the womb. Then let her lie upon her Back with her Thighs wide asunder, and draw up her Knees, and let her with her own hands, or by the help of a Mid wife, thrust the womb inwards, or (that you may drive it in farther and hurt her less) make a Pessary of linen , and with it thrust up the womb; first anoint it with the Oil of Lillyes, and, if it be swelled, use a Fomentation of Althaea, common Mallows, Fenugreek, and the like. Before you repose the womb to its place, anoint it with the Musilage of Comphry Roots, or Infusion of Gum Traganth, or any thing that is of a glowing Nature. When it is up, let the woman lie with one Thigh over the other, and put up toward the Neck of the womb, a little wool wetted in ted wine or Rose-water, wherein Acatia and Hypocystis hath been dissolved. Rodericus à Castro adviseth the Physician to come with a red hot Iron, and to make as if he would thrust it into the womb: Avenzoar, and Zacutus Lusitanus, after the use of all means and devices, by this Stratagem reduced the womb, that is, having laid her down as before said, and one held down her Thighs and another her Breast, than put her into a great fright, by setting Mice or Frogs to run up her Legs and Thighs, by this fright the womb hath been reduced into its proper place for by this means. Nature contracteth herself for fear, and draweth the womb with her. Then lay a plaster against Ruptures, on the Region of the womb and Groins: and have a care that you keep the Body that it be not costive nor too soluble. To conclude, all the Medicines external and internal, prescribed against the immoderate flowing of the Menstrues, are here good: but beware you use them not when the Courses should flow; and, lest by the frequent use of such Medicines, they should be hindered, your Patient being young, & having her Courses monthly, be sparing in the use of them; but rather let her wear a Truss.   

CHAP. LXXIX. Of Barrenness.  
Barrenness or Sterility is an impotency of Conception; the principal causes thereof are four; first, when the Woman doth not conveniently receiv the Man's Sperm into her Womb; and this happeneth by divers causes, viz. If the Woman be too young, and the Neck of the Womb too straight for the Man's Yard; the same happens to elderly Virgins, being not exercised in actions tending to Generation, their genital parts become flaggy, withered, & so straight that they cannot easily admit of the Man's Yard; some are lame and crooked that they cannot lie in a fit posture; some have a cold Distemper in the Womb, that they are dull and have no delight in the act: others are very fat, which causeth a Straightness in the passage, or their Bellies, being big, hinder their due conjunction with the Man. Want of love between a Man and his Wife is a great cause. Diseases in the Womb or the adjacent parts, hinder the Reception of the Seed. The second cause of Barrenness is when the Woman doth not retain the Seed of the man in her Womb, for sometimes the Womb is moist and slippery, and full of excrementitious Humours, by which means the Sperm doth easily slide back again; and the Orifice of the Womb is so lose & flaggy, that it cannot contract itself to hold the Seed: or it may be so slack that it cannot contract to do its Office; and this Slackness may be occasioned by a breaking of the Fibres of the Womb one from another, in hard Labour, or Abortion: to say all, the Whites, or any moist Distemper of the Womb, may be the cause of Barrenness. Thirdly, want of sufficient Nourishment of the Womb to cherish the Seed may be the cause of Barrenness, and this comes to pass by any Distemper of the Womb that doth corrupt the Seed: a cold Distemper extinguisheth, a hot Distemper dissipateth the Spirits in the Seed: a moist Distemper hindereth the Seeds coming to its due Thickness, and a dry Distemper consumes and drinks up the moisture of the Seed. Some say, Witchcraft and Charms may be the cause; certain Meats and Poisons, many things are antipathetical to Faecundity, as Vinegar, Mints, Water-cresses, Beans, and such like, Jet, Glow-Worms, Saphires, Smaragds, the Matrice of a Goat of Mule, malignant Diseases may corrupt Seed and hinder Conception, as stinking Ulcers, the French Pox, leprous Infections, and the like. The fourth thing that hinders Conception is when the Woman wants fit materials for the formation of the Embryo, & to augment the same; and this chief dependeth upon want of seed & menstruous blood; and this defect happeneth to those that are too young or too old, the determined & approved age is from fourteen to 50. Likewise the materials may be ill disposed through evil diet, which cannot breed blood or good seed, Diseases weakening nature may cause the same. Add to all these causes a disproportion or unsureablenesse between the man's Sperm and the Woman's, that is when the man and the Woman are of one Complexion, by which means the seed of either of them partake of the same excess, that is that they are either too hot or too cold; hence it cometh to pass that the same Woman who could never have a Child by her Husband, after his Death, hath Children by another man, and a man by another Woman. Sometimes a man and Woman live ten years, or more, together and have no Children, and afterwards the woman conceaveth and bringeth forth, and this cometh to pass by the change of Temperature caused by years.  
I should now lay down the Signs of all these causes, but most of them are evident to the Senses; and the rest, he who cannot discover hath not a Head befitting a Physician: therefore, to abbreviate the work, I shall leave it to the search of the Ingenious, and trouble the Reader with a few Rules, left by the Ancients, to try whether a Woman be naturally barren or no, Hypocrates adviseth to wrap the Woman close in Blankets, and burn some Perfume under her, and if the Smell proceed through her Body, to her Mouth or Nostrils, then certainly she is fruitful. The same Author adviseth to put a clove of Garlic peeled into her womb, or Galbanum, and if the Smell come to her Head or Mouth, judge that she is fruitful. Amatus Lusitanus to try whether a Woman be fruitful or no, giveth a Drachm of Hare's Runner, dissolved in warm water, to the Woman, being in a Bath of hot water, fasting; and if the Woman findeth pains in her Belly, he judgeth her fruitful, if she hath no pain, he judgeth her barren. Some steep Barley in the Urine, and if it shoot within ten days, they judge the Woman fruitful. Before you try these uncertain conclusions upon the Woman, examine the man, and see if the fault be not in him. It is known thus, if the man be unable to raise his yard, if he want Sperm, if he hath a swelling in his Stones, or if he have the Running of the Reins, he is not fit for Venus' School. If the man be of an effeminate Spirit, if he hath no Beard, if he be long casting forth his Seed, and taketh little delight in the act, and the Woman in the act feeleth his Seed cold, be sure the man is unfruitful; Or Causes, which may make the Seed unfruitful, have preceded.  
Prog: These that conceive not by reason of tenderness of age, have great hopes to live to have better success: but if she live above forty and never conceived, she hath little reason to hope. If Barrenness be caused by Fatness, or any Distemper or Disease whatsoever, if the Woman can procure Leanness, or have her Distemper removed, she may conceive. But if Barrenness be caused by evil shape of the Members, it is likely to continue.  
In the cure, you must endeavour that whatsoever hindereth may be removed. If tenderness of age be the cause, let her wait the time; in the mean while let her refuse carnal Embracements, lest her genital Members be spoiled. If it be caused by Age, that is incurable by weakness of Nature, you may endeavour to strengthen the Body and revive the Spirits, but it is difficult. If the Body be too corpulent, or too manly, you must extenuate, moisten, and cool. If any Distemper of the Womb hinder Conception, labour to remove the Distemper. If a hot Distemper be the cause, cure it as a hot Distemper of the Liver. If dryness be the cause, use a restorative Diet, such as is prescribed in the Chapter Of the Hectic Fever. If it be caused hy Witchcraft, next to fervent and devout prayers to god, and a confident despising and slighting of Charms and Witchcrafts, let the Woman wear the Pizzle of a Wolf about her, or the Adamant or Hyacinth Stone, which are much commended against Fascination, likewise Sea Onions, Sea Holly, Sagapenum, Rue, and St John's W●rt, (which some call the Devil driver) are of great efficacy. But for the most part a cold and moist Distemper of the Womb and of the Body, being accompanied with the Whites, is the cause, whose particular cure you may find in its proper Chapter. You must purge the cold phlegmatic Humours, you must make Issues in the Arm, Neck, or Thighs, and give such things as strengthen the Womb. Some things there are, which have a peculiar virtue to cause Faecundity and remove Barrenness, viz. the Afterbirth of a Woman dried and beaten to powder, and given to the quantity of a Drachm. The Stones of a Boar pig and the Liver, which was farrowed alone without any more in that Litter. Half a pint of the Juice of Sage taken a quarter of an hour before the Woman enjoy her Husband, it is best for her to take it soon after she hath had her monthly Purgation. Rejecting the multiplicity of Medicines which I might here insert, I shall content myself and the Reader with one or two of the best of them, and first, an excellent Electuary may be made thus: Take of the Roots of Eringo, and Dogs Stones called Satyrion candied or preserved, of each, one Ounce: Green Ginger candied, half an Ounce: Pine and Filbert kernels, and Pistachios, of each, six Drachms: one preserved Nutmeg: the Seeds of Rocket and Water-cresses, of each, two Drachms: Ashes of a Bull's Pizzle, the Reins of the Sea Scinkos, and Shave of Ivory, of each, one Drachm: Confection of Alchermes, three Drachms: the Powders Diambra and Diamoshe Dulce, of each, one Ounce and an half: Ambergreese, half a Drachm: with Syrup of preserved Citrons, make an Electuary: and let the Woman take the quantity of a Chestnut to Bedward, twice or thrice in a week, and drink a glass of Sack after it: Quercetanus doth much commend this Decoction following: Take of the Stones of a Ram, prepared with Wine and dried; the Matrix of a Hare, prepared in the same manner; Mace, Cinnamon, Cloves, white Ginger, and Seeds of Ammeos, of each, two Drachms: Saffron, a Drachm and an half: Hazell-Nut kernels, and Pistachios, of each, three Drachms: boil them in a quart of Muscadine, till a third part be consumed: let her take three or four Ounces of it, for three days together, three hours before Meat, then let her upon the fourth day, have Genial Embracements with her Husband. Likewise external Medicines, as Pessaries, Injections, Fumigations, such as have power to cleanse, dry, and strengthen the Womb, may be applied: the aforegoing Chapters will direct you.   

CHAP. LXXX. Of Miscarriage.  
ABortion or Miscarriage is the bringing forth of a Child, either dead or alive, having not attained to the just Term of growth, which it ought to have had. The Causes are either external or internal: the external causes do either kill the Child, deprive it of its natural Nourishment, or loosen the bands, by which the Child is fastened in the Womb. Things that kill the Child are, the Stink of a Candle, or such abominable Smells, such things as are antipathetical to the Womb, and provoke the Courses, strong purges, or the Child may be killed by violent Commotions of the Mind, as Anger, Sadness, Terror, etc. and many times things longed for, and not obtained, kill the Child. If the Mother undergo Penury or Famine, or lose much Blood, the Child wanteth Nourishment. The Bands, by which the Child is fastened to the Womb, may be loosened by violent Excercise, dancing, running, riding, being jumbled in a Cart or Coach, by some fall, lifting, or carrying: any thing which causeth a violent motion of the Belly, as Coughing, Sneezing, Vomiting, Convulsions, etc. or immoderate Copulation. Internal causes of Abortion may be attributed, to the Humours, to the Child, to the Womb. Humours offend in excess or defect; in excess, in a plethoric and full constitution, when more Blood flows to the Womb, then is requisite to nourish the Child, and flows to the Veins, so the Courses flowing provoke the expulsive Faculty, and drive forth the Child. Defect of Humours fit to nourish, spring from such causes, which destroy the Nourishment or draw it from the Child, as long fasting, loathing, and vomiting up of all Food, immoderate bleeding at the Nose, Womb, or Haemorhoids, or a Looseness, or any thing that makes the Body lean or weak.  
The causes attributed to the Child are, if the Child be over great, if there be more than one, for the womb overladen, doth exclude the Child before the fit time: likewise if the Child be dead, Nature desires to be rid of it. In respect of the Womb, if it be any way diseased or defective, that it cannot open as the Child groweth bigger: or if it be moist or slack, it cannot contain the Child, but Abortion must necessarily follow.  
Abortion when it happens is known: there are signs preceding it, which do foretell Abortion to follow: her Breasts grow little and flaggy, she feels a heaviness about the Loius and Hips, she hath no appetite to eat, nor desire to stir, she hath a shivering by Fits, she hath Straightness of the Sides and Belly above the Navel, and a pain in her Head: plenty of Milk flowing from the Dugs, shows that the Child is weak, and danger of Abortion. If pains about the Reins, Loins, and Share, torment the Woman, then know that Abortion is hard at hand: the same judge, if Blood or Water burst out and flow; and the Situation of the Child is changed from the middle of the Belly to the Bottom. If any of these or the like Symptoms befall a Woman with Child after any external cause of Abortion, as Blow, Fall, etc. let the Woman betake herself to her Bed and take such Medicines which prevent Abortion.  
Prognostics of Abortion are thus made: Women are more endangered by Abortion, then by a natural, and timely Birth, because in a timely Birth the Vessels and Ligaments are loosened and opened of their own accord, but in Misearriage they are broken in sunder; the like you may perceive between the Stalk of ripe and unripe fruit. Women many times become barren by Miscartiage, because the womb is rend, and its nature all disposition much altered. Much bleeding, seconded with Convulsions, raving, and fainting, is always deadly. If an Inflammation of the Womb follow Abortion, it is deadly. In young Women, who never bore Child before, it is worst, because the passage is narrower, and they more unaccustomed to pains. The bigger the Child is, the more the danger. Women who have moist and slippery Wombs, do often miscarry and with little danger.  
To prevent Miscarriage, you must, before and after she is with Child, endeavour to remove all evil dispositions of the Body or Womb, that may cause Miscarriage, if Blood abound open a Vein, purge the peccant Humours, strengthen the Womb: but if the Woman be with Child, beware how you bleed, except it be in the first month, and the Body full of Blood: and in this case, let Purges be gentle and often reiterated. To conclude, to strengthen the Womb fetch Medicines from the 73 Chapter.   

CHAP. LXXXI. Of hard Travel in Childbirth.  
Heard Labour is when more vehement Pains and dangerous Symptoms happen to Women in Travel, and continue a longer time. There are divers causes, some whereof may be assigned to the weakness of the Woman's Body, Leanness or Dryness as well as Fatness of the Body, her Age, or Sicknesses, as the Stone or preternatural Tumour in the Bladder, or any Disease of the womb. Other causes may be assigned to the Child, when its Body or Head is too big, when there are two, or when the Child is dead: or when it endeavours to come forth with his Feet, Hands, Back, Belly, or Breech, etc. A cold and dry Air, and Northern Wind, streightneth the Body, and driveth the Spirits inward, and is obnoxious to the Child's first entrance into the world. If the Air be more hot than ordinary, it is as bad as the former, for it dissipates the Spirits, exhausts the Strength, and introduceth feavourish Distempers into the Bodies of Mother and Child. Meats of a hard digesture or astringing quality taken a little before the time of Delivery, Sleepiness and Sortishnesse, the Retention of Excrements, all vehement Passions of the Mind, want of an expert Midwife, and Women to assist the labouring Woman, may be causes of hard Labour.  
Hard Labour is easily known to the Woman herself, to the Midwife, and the Assistants. The time of a natural Birth ought to be accomplished in the space of twenty four hours, if the Woman continue a longer time, it is hard Labour. If her pains be weak and long before they return, and more about her Back then Privityes, the causes may easily be known; many you may gather from the Relation of the Woman in Travel, her Leanness, Weakness, Fatness, and Age is perceived. Diseases of the Womb and Bladder may be known by their proper Signs. The Bigness, and disorderly Posture of the Child, is soon seen by an expert Midwife. If the Child be dead, you may know it by these Signs, the Breasts of the Woman become flat and flaggy, her Eyes hollow and troubled, her Face and Lips are of a pale and leaden colour, her Belly is cold & there is a Sense of Weight: there is no Motion felt, though you apply something wetred in the Decoction of Tansy warm to her Navel. When the Woman turns, the Child sways that way like Lead. If the afterbirth come away before the Child, it is a Sign of the Death of the Child. And if the Child cometh not away, it soon putrefieth, and stinketh, and stinking Moisture floweth from the womb, and their Breath stinketh.  
Hard Labour is dangerous, for sometimes the Mother, sometimes the Child, and sometimes both do lose their lives. Sleepy Diseases and Convulsions, if they befall a Woman in Travel, death is at hand. If the Woman be in Travel above three days, it is likely the Child will die. If the Woman fall a sneezing in her Travel it is good, saith Hypocrates. If the Child be dead, the danger is exceeding great; especially, if it be not brought soon away, for it will cause Fevers, Faintings, Convulsions, dead Sleeps, and death itself.  
In difficult Labour, first all causes, which hinder the Birth, must be removed, if it be possible; then such things as further the Birth must be administered. An Ounce of Oil of sweet Almonds, and a Drachm of Confectio Alchermes given in Broth is good. Burn white Wine with a little Saffron and Cinnamon, afterwards dissolve a little Alchermes, this I have found very powerful to hasten the Birth. If you find this Medicine too gentle, make a Julep of more efficacy, thus: Take of the Water of Mugwort, and Vervain, of each, two Ounces: the Syrup of Maidenhair, one Ounce: Confectio Alchermes, half a Drachm: Dittany of Crect, and both Birth words, of each, one Scruple: Oil of Cinnamon, five Drops, mix them, and make a Potion: Oil of Amber, fifteen Drops; or the Extract of Saffron, five Grains; may be either of them mixed instead of the Oil of Cinnamon. Provoke sneezing, and open the lower Veins if need be. Then let the Midwife anoint the Mouth of the womb, with the Oil of Lillyes and Sweet Almonds, and the like: and foment the Belly with a mollifying Decoction: and in a dangerous case give a sharp Clyster. Some things have a peculiar property to help the Birth, as the Stone Aetitis, Loadstone, and Storax held near the Privityes; the Eyes of a Hare taken out in the month of March and dried, use it as the Stones, and when the Woman is delivered take them away, lest it draw out the Womb. Some commend the Gall of an Hen, applied to the Navel.  
If the Child be dead, give the same things before mentioned, but it is convenient to make them stronger, by adding Savin Water and the Leavs of Savin dried, the Troches of Myrrh and Castor. Then foment the Privityes and Share with a mollifying Decoction, to which add Briony Roots, and the Roots of wild Cucumber, round Birth-wort, and the like. And put up a Pessary made in this manner: Take of the Roots of round Birth-wort, Orice, black Hellebore; Coloquintida and Myrrh, of each, one Drachm: Galbanum, Opopanax, of each, half a Drachm, with Ox Gall, make a Pessary and apply it. If all this will not do, you must implore the help of the Chirurgeon.  
If the Afterbirth be retained, you must endeavour to expel it by such Medicines as expel the dead Child: to which add these which are said to have a specific property, the Stones of a gelded Horse, dried and powdered, and given as much as will lie on a three pence, two or three times as need requireth, is commended by Gesnerus and Augenius. Some commend the Juice of an Onion given in Wine, or an Onion held in the Woman's mouth, between her teeth, and the Juice squeezed out and swallowed, and a Draught of white-Wine drunk after it: Or 20 or 30 drops of the Oil of Juniper drunk in Wine; or the Juice of Lovage taken in Rhenish Wine.  
If her Purgations flow immoderately, that you fear the Death of the Woman; or in case her Purgations be suppressed, which may cause dangerous Symptoms, have Recourse to the Chapters treating of those Maladies.  
Many Women are much troubled with after-pains, which do much afflict them, and these pains, are caused either by the Thickness, or Sharpness of the Blood; or by Wind. If the Blood be thick, you may know it by its clotting: if thin, by its Tenuity or yellow Colour. If the Blood be thick, give this Julep: Mugwort water, two Ounces: syrup of Violets, & oil of sweet Almonds, of each, half an Ounce: If the Blood be sharp, add to the former, the Musilage of Quince Seeds drawn with Violet Water, half an Ounce: If Wind be the Cause of these Pains, which you may know by its Motion from one part of the Belly to the other, then give inwardly and apply outwardly carminative Medicines; Take of the Seeds of Carrots, one Drachm: of anise, Nutmeg, and Cinnamon, of each, a Scruple, make them into fine Powder, and give it half at one time in Wine. Foment her Belly with the Decoction of Bawm, Bay Leavs, Camomile, Calamint, Mugwort; and the Seeds of Carrots, Caraway, and Cummin, and lay on a Pultise made of boiled Onions, Camomile Flowers, the Seeds of Flax and Cummin beaten, and Barley Meal.   

CHAP. LXXXII. Of the Gout and Sciatica.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Arthritis in Greek, in Latin Articularis Morbus, is the Joynt-Sicknesse, caused by an Influx of Humours into them, which causeth pain in the Membranes, Tendons, and Nervs. Authors do commonly make four sorts of Gouts, according to the diversity of the Joints affected, as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chiragra the Hand-Gout, of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Hand; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Gonagra when it is in the Knees, of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Knee: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Podagra, when it is in the Foot, because the Greeks call the Foot 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉: 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ischias, the Hipgout or Sciatica, of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Hip. The immediate cause of the Gout is a wheyish Humour flowing to the Joints, and by its Quantity stretcheth the sensible parts, or by its Sharpness twitcheth them, and this Humour floweth not only from the Brain and Head, but from all parts of the Body. The cause may be attributed to all Meats, which increase raw and wheyish Humours; Meats of a gross Substance hard to be digested, and such as afford plenty of Excrements; Gluttony, Drunkenness, immoderate Venery, (therefore the Gout is called the daughter of Bacchus and Venus;) long Sleep, and unseasonable Watch, Fear, Sadness, continual care, and intermission of such Exercises or Evacuations as men have been accustomed to, and the like.  
The beginning of the Gout is known thus, there is a more exquisite and quick Sense in the Joints then formerly: they are easily hurt, as by a new shoe, walking, the least touch against any hard thing. Commonly a Fever ushers it in: and at its approach there is a kind of unusual Heat felt in the Joints, and a Motion, as if some living Creature were therein: after which, followeth a tormenting pain in the Joints, for the most part beginning in the great Toe, and attended with Redness and Swelling.  
The Signs of the causes, or the Humours, which are mixed with the wheyish Humours, are thus considered. If choler be mixed with the wheyish Humour, the Urine is thin, yellowish or red, the pain great and violent, the Fever comes to the height, the part is swelled, is red or pale, but very hot, the application of cold things giveth ease. If Phlegm be mixed, there is a soft and lose swelling of the part, the pain not so violent; the Urine is thick and troubled, little or no Heat, and hot things give ease. If Melancholy be the Humour mixed, the Temper of the Body inclineth to Melancholy, and there is a weariness felt all over, the part is of an obscure Colour like Lead, the pain deep, and the Urine thick and melancholy.  
The Gout is no dangerous Disease, but it continueth long, and is attended with violent pain, for the most Part to the end of a man's life, and sometimes it is a means of long life; because Nature doth drive the vicious Humours to the Joints, which, if they should fall upon the more noble parts, would be a means of great Diseases, if not death itself. But in weak Bodies, that are decayed by Sickness or Age, that Nature cannot expel these Humours to the Joints, many dangerous Diseases are engendered. He that hath no knots in his Joints, is inclinable to Labour, and is for the most part soluble; by a skilful Physician, may be cured. An haereditary Gout is seldom or never cured. If the Veins of a gouty Person do swell with black Blood, there is hopes that the Gout leavs him. If the Gout doth not return at its season it is dangerous, unless the matter be taken away by Medicines, for it is an argument that Nature is weak, and cannot expel it.  
The Cure of the Gout is to be performed by stopping the Flux of the Humours into the Joints: by removing the Humours in the Joints: and to abate the Sharpness of the pain. If the Patient be full of Blood and strong, let him bleed in a great Quantity, or let him blood often, till the plenitude of Blood be sufficiently abated. Then let him be purged with strong Medicaments, which may evacuate the stirred Humour, and turn the cause from the Joints. Whilst you are purging, let Ointments or Plasters, be applied to the Joint above the part affected, of an astringeing and drying property; by which the Humours may be intercepted, that they may not so much nor so forcibly fall into the Joint, Let your Ointments be made of the Roots of Snake-weed and tormentil, Bolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, pomegranate Rinds, Balaustians, red Roses, the Whites of Eggs, Vinegar, Oil of Roses, of unripe Olives, and the like. If the Patient be strong and easy to vomit, give a gentle Vomit to carry away the Humours in and about the Stomach; soon after vomiting purge strongly. Sweeting Medicines are very good to discuss the wheyish Matter; if a Fever be present, give Hartshorn with Carduus water. In a Gout without a Fever, the Decoction of Sassafras, Salsa, and China, may be given; it is not amiss if the Heat thereof be allayed, by boiling with it Endive, Succory, Sorrell, Borage, bugloss, and the like. The Waters of Bath do provoke Sweat, and do readily and profitably discuss the Matter contained in the Joints. Forrestus commendeth the Decoction of the Root of the great Burdock, for this purpose. Likewise a Decoction of Elder, Bay Leavs, Sage, Rosemary, and such like, receiving the Vapour in a sweeting Tub. Afterwards come to local Medicines: Amatus Lusitanus doth commend the Milk of a Goat, milked warm upon the part affected, or you may make a Cataplasm with it and white bread, and the Musilage of the Roots of Marsh-Mallows, the Leavs of Henbane, Violets, and the like, and if the pulp of Cassia, and Venice-Treacle be added, it will be much more effectual. The distilled Water of Frogs Spawn is very good against the pains of the hot Gout, if the part be bathed therewith; with it you may mingle the Oil of Calf's Feet, or with the Flowers of Camomile, Melilot, Roses, Mullein, Mallows beaten, you may bring it into the form of a Poultis. Green Tobacco leavs are much commended, and so is a living Whelp laid to the gouty part. When the Pain rageth violently, use Narcoticks: as Plantain, Lettuce, Henbane, Housleek, Nightshade, Mandrakes, Purslane, and Poppy Heads; but be sure you let them not lie on too long, for they are inimical to the natural Heat, and to the Nervs. Some do commend this Fomentation: Take Spirit of Wine, well tinctured with Saffron, four Ounces: Camphire, one Scruple: boil them a little, and dissolve one Drachm of Opium; and bathe the pained part. The Oil of Wax is good to ease the Gout, and the Oil of Man's Bones is preferred before all other, and it is thus made: Take the Bones of a man fresh and unburied, break them small, and let them lie in Oil till they have drunk up as much as they can, then distil them in a Retort. The Root of Briony and Cuckow-pintle, bruised & mingled with Cow dung, is an excellent Cataplasm. I might here fill a Volume with Receipts against the Gouts; but passing by all, I shall only insert one or two out of Quercetanus his Dispensatory: Take Brine, Salt, and the Urine of a Boy; of each, equal parts: distil them, and dip linen  in the Water, and apply them to the place affected, changing them often. Take green Elder Leavs and Flowers, of each, one pound: beat them in a Mortar, and macerate them in Aquavitae, three days, then distil them till all be dry, use it as before. Take of rectified Spirit of Wine, two pound; of the best Honey, one pound: distil them in Balneo Roris, from which will come two Liquors, the first waterish; the second strong and sulphurous: keep them by themselves. To the Feceses add of oriental Saffron whole, one Ounce and an half; Venice Turpetine, two Ounces: Castor, six Drachms: Tartar calcined white, half a pound: Salt dissolved, one Ounce; Phlegm of Vitriol not separated from the Spirit, four Ounces: Lie made of the Ashes of Vine Branches, two pound: macerate them twenty four hours, then distil them till all be dry, keep this also by itself. To the Dregs remaining pour on the former Water, which you kept, macerate and distil as before; Lastly, put all these Waters together, and distil them in Balneo Roris, wet linen  therein, and apply it to the gouty place. Riverius Lib. 10. Ch. 1. p. 378. prescibeth another, which he accounts inferior to none, which penetrates into the Roots of the Disease, and resolveth and attenuateth the salt, tartarous, and stony Matter in the Joints; and he supposeth it to be that which the aforesaid Quercetanus reserus to himself, as his Masterpiece to brag of; it is thus made: Take of ●…slaked Lime, four pound: slake it in River water as much as is convenient, and let it stand in a Wine Cellar the space of three days, that the Salt may be extracted the better: afterwards boil it a little and strain it through Hypocrates Sleev. In twenty Pints of this Liquor, quench first Plates of Steel, then of Copper made red hot, seven or nine times; thirdly, ten Ounces of Vitriol calcined till it be white; fourthly, half a pound of Antimony melted in a Crucible: fifthly, half a pound of lethargy or Ceruse, heated in a Crucible: sixthly, white Precipitate once washed, one Ounce and an half: lastly, Erasse burned and finely powdered, half an Ounce: after all this, let the Water stand in a Cellar the space of 10 days, afterwards boil it and strain it, and apply it with linen Rags. To raise Blisters upon the part, hath been found by experience to be very effectual. In the use of all Medicines, take special notice which do harm or hurt, for the Nature and Complexions of Men are divers, and the Excrements bred in several men are of divers kinds. Hence it is, that the same Disease doth much differ in several persons; and what cures one, doth prejudice another; Therefore the Physician ought to have several Medicines in readiness, and use th●se that Reason and his Experience doth approve of.  
To prevent its return, let the Patient bleed twice in a year, viz. at Spring and Fall; and purge 4 times in a year, and make use of sweeting Drinks, and frequent sulphurous and nitrous Baths.  
The Sciatica differeth nor from the other Gout only in its Situation, which is in the Hip, extending the pain to the top of the Buttock, the Loins, and Ossacrunt, and reacheth down the Hip and Leg even to the Foot.  
This peculiar Prediction belongeth to this Disease, that if it continueth long, it putteth the Hip out of Joint.  
The Cure is performed almost in the same manner with the other Gout. First open the Vein in the Arm on the same side, afterwards open the lower Veins on the same side, viz. Vena Poplitea about the knee, or the Vein near the outward Ankle called the Sciatica Vein, if you open the Vein on the contrary side, it will not do amiss; bleeding the Haemorrhoid Veins by Leeches doth wonderfully help those that are Hipgouty, for there is a great consent between those Veins. But be not too forward to let Blood unless you find Blood to abound. Then let the Humours be purged strongly, by Pillulae Faetidae, or Hermodactylls, or the Powder of Hermodactylls' compound, but beware how you give the latter except to strong Bodies. Mercurius Dulois with Scammony is much commended, and the Chemists do much esteem of Mercurial and antimonial Purges; and many prefer Vomits before all. Then apply resolving Decoctions made of the Roots of Briony, Danewort, the Leavs of Ground-Pine, Mint, Marjarom, Sage, Savin, Rue, Rosemary, pennyroyal, etc. the Flowers of Camomile, Melilor, and Mallows; the Seeds of Flax, Fenugreek, Bay & Juniper Berries, and such like, and foment the part therewith. Also Juniper Berries fried in a pan, (being first beaten,) with Salt and Bran, and moistened with Canary Wine, and put in a Bag, and applied warm. With the aforenamed Ingredients, Cataplasms may be made; and with the Oils following let the part be anointed, viz. Oil of Camomile, Dill, Nord, Orice, Rue, Scorpions, Tiles, Turpentine, of Foxes, and the like: the Ointment of Marsh-Mallows, and Spanish Soap dissolved in Spirit of Wine. This is much commended: Take a good Quantity of Snails, bruise them well in a Mortar, then make Paste with them and Rye Flower, adding a little Spirit of Wine: and fasten it to a Spit and roast it; a Liquor will drop from it, with which anoint the part, for it is of excellent Virtue. Then lay on this Plaster: Take of Shio-Pitch & Rozin, of each, two Ounces: Gum Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar, and Emplastrmm Diachylon cum Gummis, of each, one Ounce: Brimstone and Hermodactylls powdered, of each, three Drachms: Turpentine, three Drachms, and Wax sufficient; make a Plaster. If the Disease do still continue, proceed to a Vesicatory: add to the former Mass for a Plaster, Cantharideses their Wings taken off, Staves-acre, and Mustard Seed, of each, one Drachm. In the whole course of the Cure let not frequent Clysters be neglected. And if the Disease be old, make an Issue in the Leg on the same side, on the outside of the Leg. If you find Symptoms of a Catarrh; which may occasion the Sciatica by a Defluxion of Humours, make an Issue in the hinder part of the Head, and use other means to correct the Distempers of the Brain, See Chap. 9 by this means hath the Sciatica been cured, when all other means failed. Sometimes the Matter causing the Sciatica, doth imposthumate; and after it is opened, there remains a filthy Ulcer, which, for the most part, pineth the Patient away, & brings him into a Consumption; The Cure whereof belongeth to an expert Chirurgeon.   

CHAP. LXXXIII. Of one day-Feaver.  
THis Disease is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Ephemera, in Latin Diaria Febris, in English One day-Feaver, because, for the most part, it finisheth in one day of its own Nature. It is caused by some internal cause, as some hot fiery Swelling on some part of the Body, or when some hot Excrements, shut up in some part, do offend the Heart, by Retention of Excrements and Obstruction of the Vessels, by which the Pores of the Skin are shut, and Transpiration is hindered. Or secondly it is caused by external causes, as vehement Motions of the Body or Mind, by which the Spirits are inflamed, by being heated with the Sun, or Fire, by Surfeiting, Drunkenness, especially, with Meats and Drinks of a hot Nature.  
By what hath gone before, you may know this Fever: the Pulse is swift and great, and so he fetcheth his Breath; he is very hot, and his Head acheth. He hath no Shivering, Cold, nor Weariness, unless it came by the Heat of the Sun, or by cold. You must give the Sick such things as are cooling & moistening, as cooling Broths, Barley Cream, Ptisan Drink, small Beer and Sugar, Water and Sugar, or mix Syrup of Violets, Lemons, or Maidenhair, with his Drink. If the Disease was caused by the Heat of the Sun, give him cooling things, and lay him in a cooling Lodging, and anoint his Temples with Vinegar of Roses. If he took his Fever, being in the cold, provoke Sweat; the like observe if the Pores be obstructed. If it come by over eating and drinking, let him take a Clyster; If evil Humours abound in the Blood and Body, open a Vein and purge; if putrified Humours lodge in the Stomach, vomit. If it continue above three days, it degenerates into a simple Synochus, putrid, or Hectic Fever.   

CHAP. LXXXIV. Of the Fever Synochus non-putrida.  
IF the Fever aforesaid light upon a plethoric Body, or one who is gross and thick skinned, it turns to a simple Synochus.  
It is known by the corpulent and swelling Habit of the Body, high Colour of the Face. He breathes with difficulty, he is much pained in his Head, and his Temples beat strongly. The Pulse is orderly, but quick and full. The Urine little differeth from its natural colour, yet a little thick and red: and the Heat is not very violent. It lasteth to the fourth, and sometimes to the seventh day; if it ends not then, it degenerates into a putrid Fever.  
The Cure is to be performed by blood-letting, by cooling, and by opening the Pores of the Body. Before blood-letting, if the Patient be costive, and his Body foul, give an emollient and laxative Clyster. Then give cooling Juleps, made of the Decoction of Barley and cool Herbs, or with their distilled Waters, as of Endive, Succory, Sorrell, bugloss, borage, and the like, with the Syrups of Succory, Lemmons, Vinegar, Violets, Pomegranates, and the like, adding some drops of Oil of Vitriol; or boil in the distilled Waters Triasantalon, or Diamargariton frigidum, lest the Waters increase Crudityes by their Rawness. Or you may make an Emulsion of Almonds, the great cold Seeds, and white Poppy Seeds, with Barley water, or the distilled Water of the aforegoing cooling Herbs. Galen adviseth, to give the Patiented cold water in great abundance, till his colour fade, but beware this Cure unless the Patient be strong, corpulent, and not full of ill Humours, and that he take it in the height of the Fit. I confess I have seen many so cured, and have experimented it upon my own Body, but durst not advise it. Anoint the Liver and Loins with Unguentum Rosatum, Refrigerans Galeni, or Ceratum Santalinum. Or make an Epithem of the distilled Waters of Endive, Succory, Sorrell, etc. the three , and Powder of Diamargariton frigidum. If the Disease end not quickly after bleeding, purge with gentle things, that do not heat, nor much stir the Humours, as Rhubarb, Cassia, Manna, Tamarinds, Syrup of Roses, Catholicon, and such like.   

CHAP. LXXXV. Of continual putrid Fevers.  
I Shall describe the causes and Cures of all putrid Fevers in one Chapter, for though there are divers sorts, yet the Cure is almost the same in all; therefore, laying aside particular precepts, let the Judgement and Dexterity of every Physician put a difference between them. I shall likewise wave many nice descriptions and definitions of Fevers, first, as not beneficial to the young Student in Physic: secondly, as not befitting this Volume.  
Synochus putrida is engendered of the same causes as the simple Synochus, as the shutting up of the Pores of the skin, and Obstruction of the Vessels by much Blood, or clammy Humours; by which means, the Transspiration of fuliginous Vapours is hindered, and Putrefaction is bred in the Blood.  
A continual Tertian doth every third day afflict the Patient more than ordinary, and is caused by choleric Humours putrifying in the Vena Cava. And it is caused by all things that may breed Choler, as violent Exercise, hot and dry Air, Fasting, Watching, Meats hot and dry, and a hot and dry Distemper of the Liver.  
A Quoridian continuing, is a putrifying of phlegmatic Humours in the Veins; and afflicts the Patient more than ordinary every day, and doth for the most part assail phlegmatic persons; and because Phlegm is not easily putrified, this kind of Fever is seldom seen.  
The continual Quartane is that which hath its Exacerbations or Fits every fourth day, and it is caused by the Putrefaction of Melancholy in the Vena cava, and is caused of any thing that breeds Melancholy and causeth it to putrify.  
Of these Fevers there are accidental differences, raised from their distinct Symptoms. First, Febris arden's, or a burning Fever, which is accompanied with these Symptoms, viz. an ardent burning Heat, and an unquenchable Thirst; which is also divided into two sorts, a Legitimate, or bastard burning Fever, a Synochus arden's and Arden's periodica, and they differ one from the other, only as the Choler causing them is more or less sharp, and nearer or farther from the heart. A Second sort is Febris Colliquans, a melting Fever, which in regard of the greatness of the Heat, doth melt the fat, and Flesh, and sometimes the Blood, and dissolveth it by insensible Transpiration, Sweat, Urine, or Stool. It is caused by a sharp, thin, and choleric Matter, vehemently inflamed, unto which is joined many times a malignant and pestilent Quality. The third sort is called Febris Horrifica, in which the Patient is troubled with shaking Firs; and it is caused by choleric and phlegmatic Humours mingled together, which being unequally moved, stirreth up quaking; either because the thin and sharp Humours do twitch the sensible membranous parts, or the inflamed Choler putrifying, puts in Motion the Crudityes; or else Nature doth seek to shake off the crude undigested Humours, by this means th● Heat being driven back to the Centre, the extreme parts of the Body become cold; and afterwards, the Heat coming forth again, they grow hot. Fourthly, there is another kind called Assades Febris, in which the Patient is very unquiet, tumbleth and tosseth, and is sick in his Stomach, and vomiteth. The fifth sort is call●d Elodes, in which the Patient, by reason of Putrefaction & Malignity of Humours, continually sweateth, by which the Substance of the Body is wasted. The sixth sort is Febris Syncopalis, because the Patient often swoons & faints away & it is caused by thin, sharp, & venomous Choler, or by Phlegm, or abundance of Crudityes, together with a weakness of the Stomach. The last sort is Epiala Febris, in which the Patient is sensible of Heat & Cold at one and the same time; and this is caused by glassy Phlegm mingled with bitter Choler, the Phlegm causeth a Sense of Cold, and the Choler of Heat: or else it is caused by glassy Phlegm alone, partly putrified, and partly void of Putrefaction. For glassy and tough Phlegm doth not quickly putrify, but by degrees, and that which is not putrified following that which is putrified, hence comes a Sense of Cold from the first, and Heat from the latter.  
There are yet other sorts of accidental differences of continual Fevers, which are called Symptomatick Fevers, which arise from the Inflammation and Putrefaction of the Humours in some of the Bowels, and of this kind are those Fevers, which accompany the Frenzy, the Pleurisy, Squinzy, the Inflammation of the Lungs or Liver, and other Inflammations, Ulcers, or Imposthumes of the internal parts, and may be known by the defects of the parts, which cause them. Yet take this Caution, that all these Fevers which accompany these Diseases are not Symptomatical, but sometimes essential, and precede the Disease, as is commonly seen, that one may be sick three or four days of a continual Fever, before any pain in the side or Symptom of the Pleurisy appear, the sam● you may find preceding the other Diseases, and is an Observation worth note, and of great Moment in the practice of Physic.  
There are other peculiar and extraordinary Causes, which many times happen, of which Zechius propoundeth an extraordinary example, of a certain Infant, scarce two years old, who had a continual Fever, attended with grievous Symptoms, viz. Unquietness, Convulsions, and Vomitings; the external parts were cold, and the internal parts burned with Heat, for which cause they judged that some Malignity was joined to the Fever, which is seldom accompanied with such Symptoms: at length the cause was found to arise from Blood putrifying in the Stomach; for the Infant being Tonguetied, and a little before cut by a Chirurgeon, the Veins, beingcut, shed Blood, which, for want of care, fell into the Stomach; after the taking of Oil of sweet Almonds, it vomited clotted Blood, then by the help of a Clyster, it voided more downwards, and the Fever and its Symptoms ceased.  
These Fevers are known to be continual by their Continuity, and the Putrefaction is known by a more sharp and biting Heat then ordinary; the Pulse is great, quick, and unequal, the Systole is quicker than the Diastole, because Nature doth more strive to expel the sooty Vapours, then to draw in cold Air. The Fit beginneth with a cold Shaking, or some of these Symptoms, viz. Weariness, Watching, troubled Sleeps, difficult Breathing, Pain of the Head and Stomach, Plenty of Excrements, Yawning, and Retching: when it comes to the height, these Symptoms are heightened, and seconded with Giddiness, Rave, Hiccoughs, Heartburning, Thirst, and Blackness and Roughness of the Tongue. Particular Signs demonstrate peculiar differences. The Synochus putrida hath the same Signs, which are proper to Synochus simplex, but more vehement. Signs of a Fever from Choler, are burning Pain, the Pulse swift and quick, a fiery and crude Urine, without Sediment at the beginning, choleric Vomits and Stools, Thirst, and Bitterness of the Mouth, Dryness and Blackness of the Tongue, Want of Sleep, Raving, and the like. A Synochus putrida differs from a Synochus biliosa in this, that the first hath Fits every third day, the other keeps the same Tenor.  
A continual Quotidian is known by these Signs, the Heat at first is more mild, afterwards more sharp: the Pulse is not so quick nor great as in the former; the Urine is at first white and troubled, afterwards red and thick; little Thirst, no Sweat unless salt Phlegm abound, the Face is swelled, bloat, and of a Lead Colour, and all Signs of Phlegm appear.  
A continual Quartane is known by this, that the Symptoms are not so violent as in the choleric Fever, and sharper than in the phlegmatic or Quotidian. An appearance of cold, dry, melancholy-Symptomes, and the Fits invade the Patient more than ordinary every fourth day.  
The burning Fever is known by the Signs of a Fever proceeding from Choler.  
A melting Fever is known by a fat and oily Urine choleric, fat, clammy, and stinking Stools, the Nose sharp, and a sudden Consumption of the whole Body.  
I need not tell you how, shivering, or tumbling and tossing Fevers are known.  
Elodes is known by inordinate Sweats, abundance of Urine, and thick by reason of Putrefaction; the Stools show an apparent Wasting, and the loss of Strength doth manifest the same.  
Syncopalis Febris is known by the swooning Fits: Epiala, by Heat and Cold felt together: and Symptomatick Fevers, from the Diseases from which they proceed.  
Signa Prognostica: Synochus putrida is not without danger. If Signs of Concoction appear about the fourth day, the Disease will terminate about the seventh day. If Concoction appear not, and the Patient's Face is swelled, it will continue long. The redder the Urine is, the better, if Concoction appear; but with Signs of Crudity it threatens death. White Urine is worst and threatens death. Choleric Fevers are acute and dangerous, and so much the more, as the Symptoms are violent, and increased above the natural Temper of the Patient. A continual Quotidian continueth long for the most part, because of the thickness of the Humours, the more Evacuations the better; beware lest it degenerate into a Chachexy or Dropsy. A continual Quartane is rare: sometimes the quartane Ague degenerates thereunto, & is deadly, for the most part. The melting, sweeting, shaking, tumbling, swooning Fevers, are dangerous. Symptomatick Fevers are to be judged from the excellency of the part affected, the Nature of the Distemper, and the Validi●…y of the Patient's Strength.  
Medicines in a choleric Fever ought to be cooling and moistening; in phlegmatic and melancholy, more warm and attenuate. Let the Air be cold and moist, let cool Water be sprinkled upon the ground, with Herbs and Flowers, let the covering of his Bed be light and thin. Let his diet (if he eat any thing) be very sharp, thin, and slender. Let his drink be Barley Water, and his Meat Barley Broths, Pavadoes, and such like. If the Fever be of long continuance, let the Sick make use of a fuller Diet, viz. of the Broth or Flesh of Chickens, Hens, Capons, Partridges, Veal, Mutton, or Jellies made with them. In his drink or Barley Water let cool Herbs be boiled, and give it a grateful Relish with Spirit of Vitriol. If the Fever arise from not and thin Choler, or if there be a Consumption of the Lungs, Inflammation of the Stomach, bloody Flux, Ulcers of Kidneys and Bladder, or Pissing of Blood; sharp things are not good, but rather such things as gently thicken, as Barley Water, with Syrup of Violets, or of dried Roses. Sleep is very good and Watching hurtful, yet overmuch Sleep doth overwhelm the natural Heat, and hinder Evacuation: which ought to be made, and nothing to be retained, which ought naturally to be expelled. First, Blood-letting doth diminish Plenitude of the Body and Veins, pulls back the Humours which cause Obstructions cools the Body, and makes it perspicable, keeps back Putrefaction, and furthers Concoction. Therefore after the Patient hath had a Stool by Clyster or otherwise, open a Vein, and bleed the Patient according to his Strength and present State. But this observe, that you bleed not in the extremity of the Fit. When Weakness or Age will not permit a Vein to be opened, Copping-Glasses must be applied. Frictions must not be used but in swooning Fevers. After you have let Blood, once, twice, or thrice, if you see occasion, come to purge the morbific Matter; the Medicines for this intent must be Cassia, Manna, Tamarinds, Catholicum, Electuarium lenitivum, Diaprunum simplex, Syrup of Roses, and of Succory with Rhubarb. Some do object against Rhubarb for its Heat, Manna and Syrup of Roses because it is sweet and soon turned into Choler; but being mingled with cool things, or given in cool Waters, they can do no hurr. If the Stomach is much afflicted, and the Patient is troubled with Vomiting, you must understand that Nature endeavours to cast out her enemy that way, & she ought to be assisted by a Vomit. The gentler sort, and such as are to be chosen for weak people, is the Oil of Almonds, or common Oil given in Barley Water; you must give a Pint at the least, or else it will hardly work the effect. Syrup of Vinegar or Oxymel given in the Decoction of Radishes. Every day or every other day give an emollient and refrigerating Clyster, such as Barley, Mallows, Violet leavs, and Mercury. Flowers of Camomile, and Melilot, Seeds of Dill and Fennell, etc. cooling Herbs are, Lettuce, Endive, Succory; Housleek, a Blade or two, Water-Lillyes: dissolve therein Cassia, Catholicon, Diaprunum simplex, the Honey of Violets, and Mercury, Oil of Water-Lillyes, Violets, etc.  
If the Disease spring from Phlegm, leave out the cooling Herbs, and dissolve in it Hiera Picra, Diaphaenicon, Hony of Roses and Mercury, Oil of Camomile, Dill, or common Oil. No absolute and perfect Purgation ought to be administered, till the Morbific 'cause be ripened and digested, which must be done by Juleps, thus: Take of the distilled Waters of Endive, Succory, and Sorrell, of each, two Ounces; Syrup of Lemons and Violets, of each, one Ounce and an half; a little Oil of Vitriol to sharpen it; make a Julep, and let the Sick take a Spoenfull or two, often. Or you may make a Decoction of the Roots of Sorrel, Succory, Maidenhair, Endive, Dandelion, Tamarinds, and such like, and make a Julep with the aforesaid syrups, or the Syrup of Vinegar and Pomgranats. If the Choler by its sharpness cause a Flux, make Juleps which have a thickening Quality: Take of the waters of Lettuce, Purslane, and Plantain, of each, three Ounces: the Syrups of Violets and Water-Lillyes, of each, one Ounce; of red Poppyes, half an Ounce; mix them and make a Julep. If the Fever comes from a phlegmatic cause, you must give things more cutting and attenuating, as a Decoction of Agrimony, Maidenhair, Betony, Carduus Benedictus, and the five opening Roots, Liquorish, Raisins, and such like; and the Syrups of Vinegar, Maiden hair, and Byzantius, and Spirit of Vitriol. If it proceed from Melancholy make a Decoction of Ceterach, Borage, and bugloss, Maidenhair, Fumitory, Dedder scordium, the Bark of Ash, Capers, Tamarisk, and with any of their Syrups, viz. Fumitory, bugloss, etc. make a Julep. Or with such like Ingredients, (according to the Nature of the peccant Humour) you may make physical Broths, or Emulsions, and Almond Milks. Likewise, of the aforesaid Ingredients you may make Epithems, Ointments, and such like, to cool and well temper the Liver. Altering and preparing Humours used for some days together, you may make bold to purge with Scommoniate Medicines: as Diaphaenicon, Diaptugun soletivum, Electuarium de succo Rosarum, and Diacarthamum, and such like, whose Doses you shall find in the last Book. To strengthen dejected Nature, make use of the Conserve of bugloss Roots, the leavs of Sorrel, and wood-sorrel, the Stalks of Lettuce, the Flowers of Borage, bugloss, Violets, Succory, Roses, Pulp of Citrons. These Powders are pood, of Coral, Pearls, Ivory, Hartshorn, Diamargaritum frigidum, Diatriasantalon, Diarrhodon Abbatis, Confectio Alchermes and de Hyacintho: with these may the Ingenious make Electuaryes, or other Compositions according to Art.   

CHAP. LXXXVI. Of the Hectic Fever.  
AN hectic Fever occupies the solid parts of the Body, as well as the Spirits; it is an unnatural Heat, of which the Patient is scarce sensible. This Fever is either primary, and gins of itself, or secundary, and followeth some other Fever. Some begin at the Heart, and some at other parts, as the Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, Womb, or other parts inflamed. The causes of this Fever are external or internal; Externall causes are all that may occasion any of the other Fevers. The Internal Causes are burning and pestilential Fevers, which do speedily consume the Moisture of the Heart; or some lingering Fever. An Inflammation, Ulcer, Putrefaction of any of the inward parts, may cause an hectic Heaver.  
An hectic Fever is known easily, because it is continual, without increasing or decreasing, saving a little after Meat; the Pulse is little frequent and quick; the Arteries are hotter than the other parts; the Urine appeareth as of a healthy man, but after long continuance there is an Oil swims on the top, and a Sediment like to Meal, which signifieth the Wasting of the Body.  
An hectic Fever may be cured, unless it be neglected till it come to the height, that is, when the Eyes are hollow, dry with dry Excrements, the Bones stick out, and the Colour of the Face is gone, the Skin is dry, and the Midriff so contracted as if the Patient had no Guts, than it is incurable.  
If the hectic Fever depend upon the Disease of any other part, the Cure must be directed to that Discase; and if it be joined with any other Disease, respect must be had to that Disease. The Cure of the hectic consisteth more in a due observance of Diet, then in Medicines. His Diet must be cool & moisten, and soon nourish; as Chicken Broths, or Broth made of Hens, Capons, Veal, Kid, Mutton; in which boil French Barley, Lettuce; Endive, Succory, Sorrell, Borage, Purslane, and such like. The Flesh of young Hares, Pheasants, and young Partridges are good; Panadoes, Water Gruel, Barley cream, Rice pottage, with Almonds or the cold Seeds. Boiled Meat is better than roasted, and if the Patient eateth roasted Meat, let Oranges and Lemons be his Sauce. For his Diet likewise may be prepared, Jellies made of Capons, Knuckles of Veal and Mutton, Calf's Feet, Sheep's Feet, and such like, adding Herbs or other Ingredients that are cooling, moistening, and cordial. New laid Eggs, boiled rear, are good; and of Fruit, Apples are much commended, especially Pippins, because they breed cold Blood. For his drink, let him use Barley Water with cooling Syrups. Galen approveth of cold Water, with which he saith he hath saved many from the Marasmos, which is the Consumption of the radical Moisture of the Body, which commonly followeth this Disease. Great care is to be used in the giving of cold Water, to decayed people, lest the heat of the Patient should be wholly extinguished. Motion and much Stirring, and Labour, is not good, yet a little Exercise before Meat may be allowed of: But above all Excrcises, let him beware of the Under-sheet. Let his Sleep be moderated; if he be costive, provoke a Stool by a Suppository, or gentle Clysters. Purges are not to be allowed of, because the Body hath more need of repairing then weakening: yet if the Body be full of Excrements, you may venture to give gentle Purgers, as Cassia, Manna, etc. Cooling and altering Juleps, such as are prescribed in the Chapter before going, the Patient make use of, but let him beware of the too frequent use of them, lest they diminish his Heat too much. Such Epithems, Unguents, or Oils mentioned in the aforegoing Chapter, are good to temper the Heat of the Lover. Lastly, such Medicines, mentioned in the former Chapter, as strengthen Nature and revive the Spirits may be used, and there is need enough thereof. The worst Symptom that can attend this Disease is a Looseness: if it so happen, give Goats or Cow's Milk wherein Steel hath been quenched, or Rice boiled in it, or Syrup of Quinces given with the Decoction of French Barley parched, or such like.   

CHAP. LXXXVII. Of the Tertian Ague.  
THis Disease is divided into an Exquisite and Bastard Tertian; the exquisite is terminated in 12 hours; but a bastard lasteth longer: if it exceed twenty four hours it is called Tertiana extensa, a Tertian extended.  
The Tertian Ague is Simple, Double, or Triple; the Simple is that which cometh every other day; the Double Tertian cometh every day, and shall be distinguished from the Quotidian in its proper place; and sometimes the Patient hath two Fits in one day. The Triple Tertian is when the Patient hath three Fits in two days.  
Choler and such things as engender it, are the cause of this Disease, viz. a hot and dry Distemper of the Spleen, youthful Age, hot Air, Watch, Cares, Anger, Fast, use of hot Meats, and overmuch Exercise. Those that have hot Livers, that eat and drink liberally, and such things as breed Crudityes, Phlegm, and melancholy Humours, are subject to bastard Tertians, by reason of the Mixture of Choler with the Crudityes.  
The exquisite Tertian doth always begin with shaking, the Quotidian gins with a light Shivering or Coldness. After the cold Fit, followeth great Heat, sharp biting and intolerable Thirst, and sometimes all the Symptoms of a putrid Tertian Fever. In the bastard Tertian all the foregoing Signs appear, but more remiss, and more vehement than a Quotidian; according as more or less Phlegm is mingled with the Choler, this Disease cometh nearer to a Quotidian, or exquisite Tertian.  
A Legitimate Tertian seldom lasteth above seven days, and is not dangerous, unless some Malignity be joined with it; and the Patient be of a healthy constitution, and temperate in eating, and drinking; judge the contrary, if the Patient is otherwise qualifyed. If the Patient's Lips break out with Scabs, or if he fall into a Looseness these are good Signs; for Nature is turning out the Enemy.  
To work the Cure, a cooling Diet must be appointed, and withal moistening, such as hath been prescribed in the Cure of continual Fevers, the same you must observe in the double Tertian. But in the bastard and Single Tertian, a fuller Diet is to be observed. What ever the Patient eateth let him eat nothing before the Fit, two or three hours, that there may be a digesture; but it is good if he go to Stool before the Fit, to help the same give a Clyster.  
Clysters, in an exquisite Tertian, must be made of emollient and cooling Decoctions, adding Cassia, Catholicon, Diaprunum lenitive and solutive, etc.  
In a bastard Tertian let the Decoction be emollient and cutting, and dissolve in it Diaphaenicon, Hony of Roses, etc. Purgatives ought to be the same for the exquisite Tertian, as for the continual Fevers. In the Bastard, add Agarick, Catholicum, Diaphaenicon, Sena, and such as the judicious Physician shall judge suitable, in respect of the Patient's Constitution, and the Humours offending. But to every Medicine cream of Tartar may be added, for it openeth, cleanseth, and cools. If the Patient be subject to vomit, go that way to work as I said in the last Chapter. Open a Vein & draw Blood as often, or as much, as you see occasion. Prepare the Humours with Juleps, as you are taught in the last Chapter, then purge. If the Humours be stubborn, and the Fit continue, make a Decoction of Wormwood and Century, with cool Herbs to qualify the Heat, it is much commended; after the use of that purge again. If there be a Distension under the short Ribs, apply an emollient, attenuating, and strengthening Fomentation. What ever part of the Body is ill disposed, have a regard to that in all your Medicines. The Spirit of Sulphur is much magnified, for extinguishing the Heat of Fevers, and if the Humours be thin it sends them forth by Sweat: give from half a Scruple to a Scruple in four Ounces of Purslane Water. Or you may give it thus: Take of Salt of Wormwood, half a Drathm: Spirit of Sulphur, a Scruple: Carduus Water, four Ounces: mix them, and give the Patient to drink, when the Fit approacheth, and lay him to sweat. Those things, which are usually laid to the Wrists by the common people, are not to be despised, I shall not insert them, nor more Receipts, for the cure of this Ague; First, it being my chiefest end to describe the Causes and Signs of Diseases; Secondly, almost every woman's Head is full of Medicines against an Ague.   

CHAP. LXXXVIII. Of the Quotidian or every day-Ague.  
THis Ague is caused by Phlegm putrefying in the first Region of the Body: therefore all things that breed Phlegm in the Body may be the Cause thereof.  
The Diagnostic signs are such as testify Phlegm to abound in the Body, as white colour, pale, dull Sense, Softness and Fatness, Profoundness of Sleep, and Droaming of Water. It comes with a cold shlvering, little or no shaking; and for the most part it comes in the Night. After the cold Fit the Patient feels Heat but mildly, not scorching, little Thirst: the Pulse is small, seldom, and slow; there is a Distension about the short Ribs: the Fits appear more intense or remiss, last longer or shotter, as the Phlegm is simple or mingled with other Humours: the Fit commonly lasteth twelv hours, and then leaveth a feavourish Fit behind it. Sometimes it lasteth twenty four hours, and is almost like a continual Fever. There is a difference found in respect of the Nature of the Phlegm, for salt Phlegm makes the Patiented thirsty; sharp Phlegm, hungry; sweet Phlegm, sleepy: If the Phlegm hath no Taste, it maketh him without Appetite. Acid or glassy Phlegm (by reason of its Coldness) causeth shaking. This Disease for the most part continueth long, and is not without danger, because it sometimes degenerates into a Cachexia, Dropsy, or Lethargy.  
The Diet and Medicines must be such as have an extenuating, cutting, and dividing Quality. The Cure must be performed almost in the same Manner, as the bastardly Tertian: Zacutus Lusitanus doth much commend the Decoction of Roman Wotmwood and Camomile Flowers, if five or six Ounces be adminisred. And the Decoction of China and Guajacum for many days, but beware it dry not too much.   

CHAP. LXXXIX. Of the Quartane Ague.  
AN intermitting Quartane is caused of Melancholy putrifying in the Body.  
There are two sorts of Quartan Agues, viz. a Legitimate and a Bastard Quartane: a Legitimate is bred of natural Melancholy, which is the carthly part of our Nourishment, in quality cold and dry. The bastard Quartane is bred of preternatural Melancholy, which is bred of adust Choler, and is hot and dry, or by Melancholy mixed with adust Choler. A Quartane Ague is either single, double, or triple, the single is that which comes every fourth day. The double is when two Fits happen upon two days one after another, and the third day none. The Triple Quartane is when Fits come every as in a Quotidian, and double Tertian.  
Diagnostic Signs of a Quartane, are, the Ague coming every fourth day, and Melancholy abounding in the Body: it gins with gaping and stretching, heaviness of the Body; shivering and shaking follows, as if it would break the Patient's Bones. The Pulse is seldom and slow: the Urine watery, thin, and white, after a while it is higher coloured and thicker. The bastard Quartane (for the most part) follows other Fevers or Agues, by which Adustion of Humours is made; and in it the Fever, Heat and Thirst, is more violent, and all the Symptoms are greater, because the Humours are thinner. A double Quartane is known by the course of the Fits. A triple Quartane is distinguished from a double Tertian, or Quotidian, by Melancholy abounding; and by the course of the Fits; and chief in this, that at first it was a simple or double Quartane.  
Prognostics are thus made: This of all Agues is the longest of Continuance, some continue half a year, some a year, and some longer. It is good in this Ague for the Patient to void black Urine. The bastard Quartane is not of so long continuance as the Legitimate, because it proceeds from thinner Humours than the other. The Legitimate is not so dangerous as the other, which hath many times dangerous Symptoms, especially if the Liver, Spleen, or any of the interior parts, be damnified, because it is sometimes degenerated into a Dropsy. If any aged above sixty fall into the Quartane Ague, it proveth mortal. If the intermitting Quartane degenerate into a continual, it is for the most part deadly. To bleed at the Nose in a Quartane Ague is but a bad Sign, because the morbific Humours are too thick for such an Evacuation.  
If a bloody Flux come upon a Quartane Ague and continue but a while, it is good.  
A bastard Quartane is cured almost with the same Medicines, which have been prescribed for the Cure of a Tertian; to them adding such Medicines as regard Melancholy, and free the Spleen from Disaffection.  
Seeing the Legitimate Quartane is caused of Humours that are cold and dry, thick and earthly, we must use Medicines that do heat, moisten, and attenuate. Let the Patient's Diet be heating and moistening, of good Juice, easy of digesture, and of thin substance: as rear Eggs, young Animals, and Birds of Mountains, Fishes of stony Rivers: among Herbs, borage, bugloss, Spinach, Fennell, Parsly, and Turnips; Crato doth much commend the Broth of Turnips: of Fruits, Almonds, Apples, stewed Prunes, Figs, Raisins, Dates, and Pine-kernels. Let him abstain from all Meats, which are of a thick and clammy Substance, and of hard digesture: let him drink small Ale or Beer; let him eat moderately, and on the Fit day, six hours before the Fit cometh: let him be very moderate in drinking, for much drink fills the Spleen and makes the Disease rebellious. Having thus ordered his Diet, give him a gentle Purgation by Clyster: Take of Mallows, Camomile, Mercury, and Beets, of each, one Handful: Polypody of the Oak, an Ounce and an half: Epithimum, half an Ounce: of the four greater cold Seeds, and of Annis, and Fennell, of each, two Drachms: boil it in Posset drink to a Pint: strainit, dissolve therein Catholicon and Hony of Roses, of each, one Ounce: the Oils of Violets and Camomile, of each, one Ounce and an half, mix all and make a Clyster. Then purge the Melancholy Humour by some gentle Medicine, beware of a strong purge in the beginning before Concoction, lest you inflame the Humours, and turn the Disease to a continual, or at least to a Double or Triple Quartane. Make a gentle Purgation thus: Take of Fumitory, bugloss, & Maidenhair, of each, one Handful: Polypody of the Oak, Liquorish, and sweet Fennel Seed, of each, half an Ounce: boil them; when they are boiled, infuse or gently boil half an Ounce of Senna, till the Liquor come to three or four Ounces: dissolve therein Manna, and Syrup of Roses, of each, one Ounce, for a Potion: give it the next day after the Clyster. After purgeing open a Vein in the left Arm, unless you find the Liver out of order, than you must open a Vein in the right Arm; if the Blood be black and impure, draw the more, Most do let Blood upon the well-day, some will have it done on the Fit-day before the Fit, because the Humours than begin to stir: Zacutus Lusitanus will have it done when the Moon is at the full, because, by the Moon's Influence, the earthy and melancholy Humour is made more fluid and apt to come away. It is good to open the Haemorrhoids, if your Patient hath been inclinable to that Evacuation: if your Patient be a Woman, provoke the Menstrues if they be stopped, and open the Saphaena. The opening of the Vena Salvatella is much approved of. Likewise you must make Decoctions, Broths or Juleps to prepare and concoct the Humours; for which purpose these Simples are good, viz. the five opening Roots, and the Root of Succory, Liquorish, and bugloss: Bark of Tamarisk: The Leavs of Borage, bugloss, Ceterach, Maidenhair, Fumitory, Germander, ground-Pine, Wormwood, and Century, the three cordial Flowers: of these you may make Decoctions, and sweeten them with Sirrupus Bizantius or Syrup of Maidenhair. After the use of these preparatives purge the melancholy Humour; and between the days you purge, give a Clyster, this observing, that you often change your Medicines, and continue in the course a long time; for the melancholy Humour is not soon evacuated; and that is the reason that so few are cured of this Disease, because few will observe the Rule of the Physician, or have patience to take his Medicines.  
Vomits, in the beginning of this Fever, are commended by all; of Asarum, a Drachm given in white-Wine, is of an excellent Faculty. In the declination of the Disease, Diaphoreticks may be given to discuss the relics of the Disease, the Decoction of the Roots of China & Sarsa are good, and Venice-Treacle hath great virtue. You may anoint the backbone with a Lineament made of some of these Oils, viz. of Dill, Camomile, Orice, Costus, Rue, Bayes, and Spike in a small Quantity: mixing with them, Treacle, Cloves, Mustard Seed, Castoreum, and the like; of these an ingenious Man may compound a Lineament to anoint the Back bone, one hour before the Fit; then lay him to Bed, and lay hot Tiles, wrapped in , to his Feet and Hands, and lay him in a Sweat. To conclude, great care ought to be had of the Spleen, for in this Disease the Spleen is disaffected, and obstructed: The 59 Chapter will furnish you with such Medicines.   

CHAP. XC. Of the Pestilence.  
HAving briefly treated of most Diseases that the Body of man is incident to, I thought it convenient to write a word or two of the Pestilence. But considering how many larger Treatises thereof are at this day extant, I could have willingly omitted it, but hoping my Mite will not only be acceptable but beneficial, I thought good to epitomise this as well as the rest.  
This Disease afflicteth Nature, not only by a bare Distemper or Heat arising from Putrefaction, but also by a malignant and venomous Quality: by which means it becomes popular and epidemical. Before we go any farther, know that those Fevers which we call malignant or pestilential, vulgarly spotted Fevers, are of the same kind with the Pestilence, and are cured by the same means. The causes of the Pestilence are either internal or external; the internal causes are immediate, or mediate: The Immediate cause is a Corruption of the Humours with Putrefaction, the venomous Quality is bred of Corruption, and from Putrefaction the Fever is bred. The Mediate causes are Fullness of Blood which Nature cannot master, but easily turns to Putrefaction: Abundance of evil Humours is easily corrupted and putrified: to these, join Obstructions, which is a great means to breed such Diseases; for such Humours, close shut up in the Body, and having no Evacuation not Transspiration, must of necessity putrify. But Obstruction is not a principal cause of this Disease, for the venomous Quality is received by drawing in of the Air, by which Venom the Humours are changed from their natural condition, and, of their own accord, putrify. The external Causes are, First, the Air, which becomes hurtful to men, first, if it be not blown through with wholesome Winds, as Hypocrates observeth, speaking of a grievous pestilential year, that in that year there were few Winds. Secondly, the Air may be vicious by putrid Exhalations, as of Lakes, Pools, Fishponds, or other standing Waters, or from Bodies unburied, which have been slain in Battle. Thirdly, the Air may become hurtful by Excess, or the preposterous condition of the first Qualities, as Excess of Heat, Cold, Drithe, or Moisture, of which I could lay down manifold Examples, which befit not my small Volume. Inequalityes of Seasons must be acknowledged as a cause, when it is sometimes hot and sometimes cold, sometimes dry and suddenly Moisture follows; one while vehemently hot, and suddenly very cold; or after a violent wet and moist time, a sudden and extreme Drought: a hot Winter and a cold Summer. Next to vicious Air, is a bad Aliment and Diet, when the Fruits of the Earth, by a bad Temperature of the Air, are corrupted; or when, by reason of Scarcity, the Poor are fain to feed on unwholesome Diet, (whence the proverb came, the Plague followeth the Famine) or a great Plenty following a Famine, when the poor gorge themselves, which, for want of Heat and a good Disposition of Body, cannot be digested, but turns to Putrefaction. Add to these the malignant Influence of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars, in humane Signs, by which the Constitution of the Air and the Bodies of men are changed and corrupted: for all Philosophers by common consent acknowledge, that inferior Bodyes are governed by the heavenly Constellations: To this kind we must add the defects and Eclipses of the Sun and Moon, and unusual Meteors, especially blazing Stars. Above all causes, let us not be unmindful of the strict & severe Judgement of God, for the sins of Mankind: For many times he is pleased to punish our Sins and Offences by this Judgement; as the Scriptures do frequently prove. To these non-natural causes afore mentioned, we must add the Retention of women's Courses, the Haemorrhoids in men, or some usual Evacuation, Idleness, or too much Sleep, Anger, Sadness, or other Passions of the mind.  
Signs, that show the Pestilence approaching, are taken from the presence of Causes before mentioned. Those Bodies are disposed to receive pestilential Infection, which have collected evil Juices and Diet, and have had a preposterous use of the non-natural things afore specified. The chief Signs, which show the Body to be infected; the Heart is much afflicted, Cardialgia, and Heartburning, and pain about the Mouth of the Stomach: sometimes great Thirst, exceeding the Measure of the Patient's Heat; sometimes Want of Thirst, yet a vehement Fever and Dryness of the Tongue: Want of Appetire and abhorring of all Meat, and vomiting up what ever Food, Drink, Juleps, or Emulsions is given, and their Thirst continue, and the Tongue black: A frequent and inordinate shivering, which comes divers times in a day: Weariness and Heaviness of the whole Body: Pains of the Head, Watch, and Rave: Some are very drowsy and sleepy, then judge that the Brain is full of phlegmatic Excrements. To some there happen choleric Fluxes, which stink very much. Frequent Sweats, small, short, and unprofitable, do break forth: the Heat is mild and gentle to the Feet, because the Disease is caused rather by a malignant and venomous Quality, then by Putrefaction. Redness of the eyes, and sometimes a frowning or a furious look. Sometimes abmndance of Worms are voided, which show a great Putrefaction. The Urine is sometimes like the Urine of a sound man, if a malignant Quality doth rather offend then Putrefaction: sometimes it appeareth thick, troubled, and high coloured, and hath a thick, red, and scattered Sediment. On some, purple Spots like Flea-bite: Carbuncles, and Rise in the Groin, behind the Ears, and under the Atmpits. Those Spots upon the Bodies of the dead, which are of a Lead-colour or black, do especially denote the Pestilence.  
No certain Prognostic can be drawn of this Discase, therefore the discreet Physician ought to suspend his Judgement of the issue thereof: For many have died, notwithstanding many hopes and testimonies of recovery; and, on the contrary, many have escaped, with most mortal signs. Yet it is lawful for the Physician to give his conjecture thus; If the Pulse keep a Tenor and equality there is some hopes; on the contrary, if it be inordinate, unequal, and contracted, it is dangerous. If the Pulse be like the Pulse of an healthy person, it is dangerous; because it is a sign that Nature doth not labour to concoct the Humours, for her own deliverance. Raving is not dangerous if it be lessened by Sleep, but if it turn to dotage, and continue, there is little hope. Contractions, convulsive and trembling Motions are deadly, for it shows that the Brain is mortally wounded, and that Nature is overcome by the Disease. Deafness at the beginning is dangerous: but in the state of the Disease, it is not so, for many times health follows. Sneezing is laudable. Heart-burnings. Hiccoughs, and extreme Loathing, do portend danger, and that the Stomach is over mastered by the Malignant quality of the Humours. Suppression of all Evacuations, in the beginning and state of the Disease, is good, provided that the Malignity doth not settle in the head, or near any Principal part. The Urine that is like the Urine of a healthy person is bad; the same judge, if they be thin, thick, confused or troubled. Urines which have a laudable sediment, and well concoct are good, and show a strong natural Faculty to expel the Venom. An Urine, black or blue, fat and oily, with a black or bluish settling, shows a wasting of the Body, and is a deadly Sign. Sweats seldom portend good, though it happens on a critical day, unless it doth much diminish the Fever. Sometimes, a Looseness of the Belly, at the beginning, is good, and sometimes it is a deadly Sign. Spots, the more laudable the colour is, the better, if they be black, or Lead-colour, and go in again it is dangerous. Carbuncles and Buboes, the farther from the Heart, the better, and the sooner they ripen, the safer.  
The Cure ought to be twofold, first, to preserve those from it who have it not; secondly, in healing those that have it. First, to preserve, take away the causes both internal and external. If the Body be plethoric, let Phlebotomy abate it: If full of evil Humours let them be purged: If obstructed, let means be used to open Obstructions. If the Body be in a good state, labour to keep it so. If it be too moist, babour to dry it, and avoid all moist Nourishments, and much drinking, eat no Fish, Meats made of Milk, nor Herbs; walk not in the South Air, or near Lakes, nor in the Night, fleep not too much. If the Body be weak use a restorative Diet. If the Air be too hot; labour to cool it, as we taught you, in continual Fevers, if it be too moist correct it by fires and fumes, as also to consume and dissipate the infection of the Air: make fires and fumes of sweet Woods, and other sweet scented ingredients, as Cypress, Wood of Aloes, Juniper; Storax, Labdanum, Myrrh, Benjamin, yellow Sanders, Ireos, Storax, Frankincense, Cinnamon, Cloves, Red-Rose-leaves, Calamint, Bayes, Rosemary, and such like. Let the common sort of people, and the poorer sort, carry Rue and Angelica to smell to, and take in the morning fasting, and when they go abroad, Mithridate's medicine; Mithridate, Venice-Treacle, and such like. Let the Rich man use of this Pomander. Take of Labdanum, and of the Rinds of Citrons, of each one drachm: of the three kinds of , of each half a drachma; Wood of Aloes, flowers of bugloss, Nenuphar, Rose leaves, of each two Scruples, a lipta Muscatae, half a scruple; Cloves and Margerum, of each one scruple; Zedoary root one scruple; Benjamin one drachm; Storax Calamita one drachm and an half, Camphir half a drachma: Musk and Ambergris of each sour Grains; Powder them, and with the Musilage of Gum-dragant made in Rose-water, make a Pomander. and let them make use of this Preservative: Take of Bolearmenick prepared half an ounce, of Cinnamon three drachms, of white Dittany, the roots of Angelica, Gentian, and tormentil, of each two drachms, the root of Zedoary, Red Roses, of all the , Hartshorn, the leaves of Scabious, and flowers of bugloss, of each one drachma, of Juniper-berries, Nutmegs, and bone of a Stag's Heart, of each half a drachm; of Pearls prepared two Scruples, of Saphir, Jacinth, Emerald, Ruby and Granate prepared, and leafgold, of each one scruple; powder them all, and with Syrup of Vinegar or Lemons, make an Electuary, and take a Scruple or two in the Morning.  
For the cure of those that are sick, let the same course of Diet be observed, as was prescribed in continual Fevers; and it the body be plethoric, open a Vein; How much blood to take away, and how often to bleed, let prudence be your director. If you judge it necessary, apply Cupping-glasses to the shoulders, back, and hips; and vesicatories applied to the neck and Armpits, and groins, are seldom without admirable success; and a Cataplasm of Snails, or Radishes, laid to the feet are good. First, altering Juleps, are good to prepare the humours, made of such things as are prescribed for the Cure of continual Fevers; to which add Antidotes, which have a specific property to fight against the venomous quality: as the roots of tormentil, Cinkfoil, Scorzonera, white Thistle; the leaves of Scordium, Carduus, Scabious, Meddow-sweet, Flowers of Marigolds; Lemons and Citrons, Odoriferous Apples, Hartshorn; the juice or Syrup of Lemons, Pomegranates, Citrons, Vinegar, the spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol. In the whole course of the cure, Antidotes must be given, of which there are four sorts, or degrees, the first resist the venomous quality, and besides are cold, dry, and astringent, by which they strengthen the Heart, hinder putrefaction, and the venom, from spreading over the body: of this sort are Bolearmenick, Terra Sigillata, the roots of Bistort, Cinkfoil, Tormentill, etc. The second sort, by their coldness and tenuity, do resist putrefaction, and restrain the venomous quality: as the juice of Lemons, spirit of Sulphur and Vitriol, and all other acid things. The third sort are such as are hot and Diaphoretic, which expel the venom from the Centre to the Circumference, from the Heart, to the outward parts, by sweat, and of this sort are Angelica, Zedoary, Dictamnus, Meddow-sweet, Scordium, Carduus, Scabious, Treacle, Mithridate, Treacle-water. The last sort are such, as by a special quality, without excess, do oppose the venomous quality, as Bezoar-stone, Hartshorn, Unicorns-horn, Troches of Vipers, and such like. Of these, and Simples of the like nature, may many Medicines be composed, which must be diversely varied and mixed, according to the different degree of malignity, and putrefaction, according to the intention and remission of the Fever, according to the divers Temperaments, Sex, and Age of the Patient, the determination of which depends not upon any certain rules, but upon the Prudence and head-piece of an able Physician. In the Malignant and spotted Fever, if putrefaction be greater than the vonemous quality; the medicines of the first, second, or fourth order, do best agree in the beginning and Augment of the Fever: and those of the third, viz. Diaphoreticks and sweeting medicines in the declination; but if it be the Plague, and the venomous quality exceed the putrefaction; let Diaphoreticks be used first: as for the forms of particular medicines, let the Physician vary them according to the different degree of heat, putrefaction, and malignity. Let the Physician take care to strengthen the Heart, also, by outward applications of Cordial Epithems; and let the Carbuncles and Borches be suppurated, broken, and healed, by the expert Chirurgious Art.   

CHAP. XCI. Of the Small Pox and Measles.  
THe Fever which attends the Small Pox and Measles, may be justly termed Pestilential, for it is epidemical, contagious and many times mortal: I need not write any thing of the difference between these two, viz. Pox, and Measols, for every Woman knows it. There is another sort of Pustules come out upon children like bladders, without inflammation or redness, and without a Fever: some Physicians call it the crystals, we call it the Blisters. The cause of the small Pox and Measells, was in the Mother's Blood, with which the child was nourished in the Womb, and is hence chief gathered, because among thousands of men, it is hard to find one, who once in his life hath not had these diseases. For in the blood be it never so pure, some impurities are found, which doth communicate pollution to the parts of the child, and defile the Mass of blood; and being provoked by some occasion, (viz. a certain disposition of Air, proportionable to the disease) the blood boils and purifieth itself and the parts, and the impurity is cast forth. Understand that these impurities do not substantially remain in the body, for than they would corrupt in a little time, but an evil quality is by them imprinted upon the parts. When this ebullition beginneth, the excrement is twofold, either thin or thick; if thin, the Measles follow; if thick, the small Pox. And another reason is this, Sometimes the Air is inclinable to the one, and sometimes to the other. Again, the Pox is either Perfective or corruptive; the Perfective is when the corrupt, impure, and excrementitious part of the blood, is cast forth by nature, the rest remaining pure, and the Patient is restored without Physic: the corruptive Pox, is not only the corrupt blood purged forth, but the most pure blood corrupted, which is occasioned by a malignant constitution of the Air, and so produceth a dangerous and Epidemical Pox, which is sometimes a forerunner of the Plague. In respect of the natural constitution of the body they come forth more or less, sooner or later, and sometimes they seize upon the internal as well as external parts, as the throat, Lungs, Guts, Liver, Spleen, etc.  
Signs which declare the Pox at hand, are pain in the head, and beating about the Temples, troubled and terrified in sleep, sometimes rave and Convulsions, hoarseness, cough, and difficulty of breathing; heat and pricking all over the body, pain of the back, shining before the eyes, the face red and swelled. If they come out soon, and easily ripen, there is no danger, the same judge if the symptoms are not great, and the voice and breathing is free. If they come out red, afterwards white, round, pointed, and outwardly in the skin, there is no danger. The contrary to these are signs of a deadly and dangerous Pox, viz. a great Fever, which is not abated at their coming out, difficulty of breathing, great thirst, a looseness or bloody flux, because the malignant humours have their recourse inward; which is contrary to nature a bloody Urine, or stool, bleeding at the Nose, Gums, or other parts, are commonly deadly signs, for they signify the extreme acrimony and malignancy of the Blood, that nature is forced to void it in such a preposterous way. Pox long coming out, shows the contumacy of the Humour, or Weakness of Nature, if they be many, great, double, and united, they show abundance of Humours: hard ones show the Thickness of the Matter: flat ones show the Weakness of the expulsive Faculty: if there be a black Spot in the middle it shows the malignity of the Humours; the like judge, if they be green, bluish, or black, and they are all bad Signs; but it is worse if they sink, go in, and the Tumour falleth, for it signifieth the Retirement of the Humours inward, and few in this condition escape. If black or blue Spots come forth among the Pox, it shows great Malignity; and the Patient in great danger. If the Excrements and Urine be black or livid, they signify abundance of Melancholy, and great danger.  
For the Cure, keep the Patient in a warm room, and if you tender his life, keep out the cold Air, lest the Humours be driven inward. Keep the  close about him, but let them not lie too heavy. Let his drink be Barleywater, and boil therein Sorrell Roots and Hartshorn, and Figs, if the Fever be not violent: let his Sleep be moderate. Physicians, for the most part, advise the Cure to begin with blood-letting, that is, if the Patient be full of Blood, and nothing forbidden it; but it must be done before, or just as they be coming forth. Purges are absolutely forbidden; but if the body be very costive, move it with a Suppository, but do not provoke it. Then endeavour the expulsion of the Matter, thus; Take of the Roots of grass, Asparagus, and Fennell, of each, four Ounces: Liquorish, half an Ounce: Wood Sorrell, two Handfuls: twenty Figs: the cordial Flowers, one Pugill: make a Decoction to a Pint, towards the latter end, put in a little Saffron; take four Ounces Night and Morning. Bezoar and Gascons powder is good to send out the Pox, and for Children Diascordium is a familiar Medicine. We must endeavour to preserve the internal parts; if you fear that the Liver, Spleen, or Guts, should suffer, to the former Decoction, add husked Lentils, two drams, Gum Lac, and Traganth, of each, one Drachm. You must defend the Eyes with the Water of Roses and Plantain, and infuse Camphir, Saffron, and if the Inflammation be great, infuse Tutty. You must defend the Lungs with the Conserve of Roses and Violets, the Syrup of Violets, Jujubees, Myrtles, dried Roses, Poppyes, and such like. You must defend the Throat with a Gargoyle of Oxycrate; or you may make it with Plantain Water and Syrup of Mulberryes or Pomegranates. To defend the Nose, put up a Nodulus, made of Vinegar, Rose-Water, and the Powder of Sanders and Camphir. When the Pox are out, full ripe, and begin to break, anoint them often with the Oil of Almonds, it will be a means to prevent their pitying; and where there are likely to be holes anoint with the Oil of the yolks of Egs.   
The End of the Second Book.   

The Third Book.  

HAving in the former Book been more voluminous than I expected, I shall be briefer in this, and treat more theorically then practically: And leaving the Description and Cures of Wounds, Tumours, and Ulcers in particular, to the ingenious and expert Chirurgeon; I shall run over their Causes, Signs, and Cures generally, and as briefly as may be,   

CHAP. I. Of a Green Wound.  
A Wound is a breach of Continuity, fresh and bloody without Putrefaction or Matter: It is caused by a Sword, Bullet, Arrow, or such like, which the Chirurgeon may easily perceive. Wounds in the flesh are easily cured; in the Nervs, Veins, and Arteries, they are not without danger: In the instrumental & principal parts, as the Heart, Liver, Lungs, Brain, Spleen, Midriff, Weazand, Stomach, Guts, or Bladder, are deadly. A Fever, Perturbation, Swooning, Convulsion, and such like Symptoms are dangerous.  
The Cure must be directed, first to the cause; secondly, to the Wound itself; thirdly, to the part affected; lastly, to the Symptoms attending. The Cause or outward things, viz. a Bullet, Arrow, or such like, sticking in the Body must be drawn out, by Instruments or by Medicine: what concerns the first I shall not meddle with, the medicinal part I shall briefly handle. The Simples available and of force for the purpose aforesaid are, The Roots of Reeds and Birthwort; the Leavs of Dittany, Crowfoot, Missletoe, Thapsia; Sagapenum, Ammoniacum, Opopanax, Quick Lime,  Frogs, Galbanum, Bears grease, the Loadstone, Mustardseed, and such like. Of these and such like you may prepare compound Medicines: This Unguent of Vesalus is much approved of: Take of Rozin of the Pine tree, two Ounces: Galbanum, three Ounces: of the Stone called Calamites, one Ounce: the Gall of an Ox, one Ounce and an half: of Turpetine, three Ounces; New Wax, two Ounces: first, strain out the Wax, Rozin, and Turpetine; after, mix the Golbanum, Gall, and the Powder of the Stone, and make an Unguent.  
This Plaster is likewise good for the same purpose: Take of Leaven, one pound: Oil, half a pound: the juice of Knotgrass, and Dittany, (or, for want of it, the Powder of the dried Herbs,) of each, three Ounces: Turpetine, one pound: The Bird Lime made of Missletoe Berries, Ammoniacum, & Galbanum and dissolved in wine, of each, one Ounce; of Wax, four Ounces: mix them upon the Fire, and make a Plaster.  
Having thus far proceeded, and removed all things unnatural from the Wound, then must the Chirurgeon, if the Solution be great, artificially join the gaping sides of the Wound by Seam, Taches, or stitching  and such like, which I omit, and shall lay down a few Rules to prevent pain, Inflammation, or other untoward Accidents, which may happen to the wounded part, or whole Body.  
Inflammation is restrained by taking away the Cause of the Fluxion: Now the Humours, flowing to the part, are either drawn or sent. They are drawn by reason of the Pain and Heat of the Member, which doth attract the Humours to itself. They are sent, thus; when the whole Body is full of evil Humours, and every part disburtheneth itself upon the weaker. The Inflammation of the Part must be allayed with such Medicines that quench Heat; and the Body must be purged, and such a Course of Diet used as may somewhat free the Body from such Humours, which are offensive and burdensome to Nature.  
But before I come to treat of the removeall of such Accidents and evil Symptoms; I shall briefly show you the manner of Cure, which ought thus to be performed. After closing of the Wound, dress it with some agglutinative Medicine, made of such Simples: viz. Frankincense, Mastic, Aloes, Rolearmenick, Sanguis Draconis, Sarcocolla, Terra Sigillata, Balaustines, Pomegranate Rinds, Cypress Nuts, Galls, Horse-tail, Tobacco, and such like. You may make a Balm thus: Take of Turpetine, a pound: of Galbanum, Gum Elemy, Gum of Ivy, Frankincense, Mastic, Myrrh, of each, two Ounces: Aloes, Lignum Aloes, Galanga, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, Cubebs, of each, one Ounce: Aqua Vitae, three Ounces; infuse and distil them to a Balm. After the Application of this or the like Balsam, lay on this Plaster: Take of Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar, two Ounces: Gum Elemy, three Ounces: Rozin of the Pine tree, five Ounces: Turpentine of the Fir-tree, three ounces: Oil of Roses, two Ounces: make a Plaster. Open it once in twenty four hours till it be whole: thus may you cure a simple Wound in the Flesh.  
If the Wound be hollow, you must put in Tents, twist them not too hard, but so that the Sanies may come forth. If the Wound be deep without loss of Substance, you must consider whether the Orifice of the Wound look upward or downward. If the Orifice look downward, and the bottom be upward, then may the Matter run freely out of the Wound, and the Cure thereof is performed as a simple Wound in the Flesh. But if the Orifice of the Wound be upward, and the bottom tending to the lower parts, that there is a place for the Matter to rest in, then if you find it needful (as many times it is) make an Incision, from the top to the bottom, or only in the bottom; let reason guide you whereto make your Incision or when to neglect it. Wash the Wound with Wine, wherein Myrrh and Salt hath been boiled: then put in this Oil, which is much commended, and it is made thus: Take of Oil of Olives, three pound: of white Wine, two pound: of the Flowers, Leavs, and Seeds, of St. John's Wort, one pound: of greek Valerian, the spotted and common Sanicle, Saracens confound, and , of each, half a Handful; beat the Herbs in a Mortar, and infuse them in the Wine and Oil twenty four hours, then boil it gently to the Consumption of almost half: then strain it, and add thereto, of Venice Turpetine, one pound and an half: Oil of Turpetine, six Ounces: Olibonum, five Ounces: Myrrh three Ounces: Mastich, and Sanguis Draconis, of each, one Ounce: Roots of Alchenet, (first bruised and infused in Oil two or three hours,) boil them gently and sufficiently, and reserve it for the use aforesaid. Then lay on Emplastrum Sticticum, the receipt of which you may read in the London Dispensatory: or you may buy the Plaster at the Apothecaryes'.  
If the Wound be hollow with loss of Substance, you must make use of such Medicines which are by Nature drying and cleansing, called Incarnatives.  
This Unguent is much commended for cleansing Putrefaction, & breeding of good Flesh in Wounds.  
Take of common Oil, and Rams suet of each one pound: Stone-pitch, half a pound, Grecian-pitch, three Ounces; wax two Ounces, Mastic, Olibanum, Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Sagapenum, Opopanax, and Turpentine of each half an Ounce: powder those that are to be powdered, and melt the rest in Oil, stir them well together on the fire; when they are sufficiently boiled, add the Turpentine, strain it, and use it upon occasion.  
This plaster is very good to incarnate both wounds and Ulcers; Take of Virgins wax eight Ounces, Deers suet four ounces and an half; Common Rozin, and Rozin of the Pinetree of each four Ounces; Myrrh and Mastic, of each four Ounces; Honey six ounces; Turpentine eight Ounces, White Wine one pound and an half, Dragon's blood one pound; boil them (the Sanguis Draconis excepted) to the form of a plaster. Or you may make a less quantity by decreasing each particular analogically. Take this general Rule, that according to the Dryth or moisture of the body or wound, you must make your medicines less or more drying, when the wound cometh to be plain, equal and filled, it must be Cicatrized, or covered with skin; which must be performed by medicines which are astringent, and very much drying, because it must consume not only the superfluous, but also the natural moisture, of which properly are the simples following: Galls, Balaustines, the rinds of Pomegranates, the white Thistle, Sumach, Bolearmenick, Sealed Earth, Ceruse, Led burnt or washed, lethargy, and the Bark of the Pinetree. To which add the following, which perform it accidentally, as Brass burnt and washed, the scales of Brass; Alum and Vitriol, burnt and washed: Plantain, Aristolochia, and such like. Of these and such like, may many forms of Medicines, viz. Waters, Oils, Unguents, or Plasters, be made. Take this Plaster as an example for all. Take of lethargy, and Ceruse of each six Ounces, burned lead, Lapis Calaminaris, and Terra Sigillata, of each three Ounces: Colophonia, Ship-Pitch, and Rozin, of each two Ounces, Sarcocolla, Laudanum, and Ireos, of each one Ounce and an half, Camphir, half an Ounce, Leak seed two Ounces; Oil of Roses, one pound and an half, white Wax four Ounces; make it into a plaster.  
If the Cicatrice be uncomely or deformed, it must be amended: if it be too tender, it must be thickened, and hardened with Diachilon, or with Calamint, the roots of Briony and such like sodden in Oil. If the Cicatrice be thick and hard, it ought to be attenuated with the root of wild cucumber, stamped and applied, or the Oil of Balsome-Apple. If it be deformed in respect of colour, you must labour to bring it to whiteness, for which this plaster is commended; Take of Swine's Grease three Ounces, Litharge one Ounce, Verdigreese and burnt Vitriol, of each two drachms; make it into a plaster.  
Sometimes a wound is overgrown with flesh: this flesh growing too proudly, must be dealt withal with medicines that may diminish, and take away the same, and they must be by nature sharp and drying; as Calcitis, Vitriol,  Alum, the roots of Asphodels, Hermodactylls, the stones of Dates burnt, the seed of Nettles, Serpentary, the Scales of Brass,  Brass, the ashes of a Hedgehog, Mercury sublimnte; Of Medicines compounded, Unguentum Apostolorum, or Unguentum Aegyptiacum are of known validity. If these suffice not, the Chirurgeon must use his Incision-knife, hot Scissors, or a Cautery.   

CHAP. II. Of a contused wound, and a Bruise.  
THat the wound is contused appeareth by the swelling, pain, black or blue colour; whether it were given by a fall, or blow, the patient can satisfy you. The Cure consisteth, first in mundisying, filling the hollowness, with incarnative Medicines, and when it is made plain and even, cover it with Cicatrizing Medicines. And secondly, in removing the accident, which for the most part accompanieth a wound of this nature. First, to mundify the wound, wash it in white Wine, wherein hath been boiled Myrrh and Salt, then arm your Tents with Unguentum Apostolorum, or such like, and lay on dry stapes and bind it up; this do till the wound be clean; then fill it up with incarnative Medicines, afterwatds Cicatrize it; the Medicines for that purpose in the foregoing Chapter will serve here. Secondly, labour to remove the accidents incident to these wounds, which are either pain or swelling. Pairl must be mitigated with Oil of Dill, Chamomil, or Lilies. Or a Lineament made of the Oil of Roses, and the yolk of an Egg, and applied with Lint. The swelling or Tumour is to be removed by taking away the Antecedent or conjoined cause: the Antecedent cause is the humour flowing to the wounded part, the conjoined cause is the humour already contained in the part. For taking away the antecedent cause, you must consider, whether it be blood or other humours. If it be blood, whether it comes from the whole body, or some particular part, it must be evacuated by blood-letting, and a thin cooling Diet. You must evacuate and disparch it from the wounded member, either by revulsion, or repercussion: Revulsion must be made either by Phleboromy, Cupping, Rubbing, and binding the contrary side, to withdraw the humour to the contrary part. Repercussion is to send the matter from the part: of this sort are the Oil of Roses, and Myrtles; or an Unguent made of Oil of Myrtles, Bolearmenick, and the White of an Egg, with which the parts about the Wound are to be anointed: Afterwards lay on a Plaster made of the Powder of Myrtles, and the White of an Egg. If it be other Humours, which flow to the Wound, let them be purged with such Medicines as are proper to the Humour: The foregoing Book is full of Examples; and the last Book is well furnished. The Humour which is now impact in the Wound, must be brought to Suppuration: This Plaster is good; Take of the Roots of Marshmallows, and wild Cucumbers, of each half an Ounce: Origan and Hyssop, of each half a handful: the Flowers of Camomel, and the Seed of Flax, of each one pugil: six sat Figs; boit them well, then strain the liquor from them, and beat them in a Mortar; add to them Myrrh, Galbanum, Styrax Liquida, and Sheep's Grease (separated from the wilt which grows in the Flank, and between their shoulders,) of each one drachm and an half; make a plaster.  
If by a fall, stroke, or blow, clotted blood is gathered under the skin, the part is swelled, soft and easily pressed, blackish, and many times without pain. A bruise by a violent contusion is not without danger; for sometimes, not only the part itself corrupteth, but many times the whole body. It the skin hang by, separated from the fl●sh, cut it away, for it is seldom; or never joined again. For the Cure, in respect of the wounded Part, observe the same rule in taking away pans and swelling, either by evacuation, or repercussion. In respect of the whole body, you must consider whether there be clotted blood in the body; which if there be, it must be dissolved and scattered by Medicines, which dissolve blood, and fireng then the inner parts; and secondly, it must be scattered by Diaphoretic, or Sweeting Medicines. This Powder is good to dissolve blood; Take of Rhubarb terrified, sealed Earth, Bolearmenick, Mummy, and the seed of Cresses torrified, of each one drachm; make them into fine powder, and give a drachm in Plantain water, or the water of Shepherd's pouch.  
To provoke Sweat, boil a handful or two of Osmond Royal, and Horstaile, in Wine, sweeten the Decection with Honey, give five or six Ounces thereof, and let the Patiented sweat thereupon. If the blood be clotted under the skin, apply a Ram's skin newly pulled off hot to the body, and let the Patiented sweat in it. Then anoint it with this Unguent, etc. Take of Bolearmenick, Frankincense, Rezin, Fenugreck, and Gum Traganth, of each half an ounce; Saffron one drachm, the powder of Roses, Myrtles, and Sumach, of each three drachms; the Ointment of Maish mallows, the Oil of Roses, Camomel, Myrtles, and Dill, of each two Ounces: New Wax and Turpentine, of each one Ounce, make an unguent, and use it twice a day. After you have used this Omtment a while, leave out the Ingredients, which are astringent, and use discutients only. If you find the matter will not be discussed, but is prone to Suppuration, help it forward by such Medicines as are proper for the purpose: then procure Issue, and mundify the Ulcer, and heal it up.  
Many places of this Book will furnish you with fie Medicines.   

CHAP. III. Of a Wound by biting, or stinging of any Creature venomous, or not.  
What Creature inflicted the Wound, most people know, or whether he be venomous or not: Venomous are, a Mad-Dog, Serpent, Scorping, Basilisk, Dragon, Viper, Adder, Slow-Worm, Asp, Spider, Toad, etc. Not venomous, are a Dog, Ape, Horse, Sow, Cat, Wasp, Bee, and the like. If the Creature were venomous, the Symptoms are more violent, viz. vehement pricking, and biting pains, change of colour, and grievous anguishes, and sometimes the body is astonished, sometimes in a great heat, and the like.  
A venomous biting is very danperous, if it be not soon cured; because Poison aims at the destruction of the Heart. Some say if the Patient be thirsty, and yet is fearful of Drink, he is incurable: This I once saw verified in a Boy that was bit by a Mad. Dog. If the Patient be bit by a venomous Creature, the Cure may be begun with cupping the wounded part, with scarrifieation, to draw forth the Venom: sucking of the Wound is commended, instead thereof, apply the tail of an Hen: if the part be not full of sinews, apply a Cautery; and if the venom be very malignable, cutting is commended. External Medicines must be attractive to draw the Venom back: Of this sort are the Simples following, Garlic, Onions, Mustardseed, Hearts-ease, Scabius, Peneroyal, Calamint, Gentian, Polymountain, Germander, Scordium, Ditany, Briony, Asphodels, Aristolochia, Euphorbium, Galbanum, Treacle, Leaven, Goat's Dung, etc. Of these, you may make variety of compound medicines. On a sudden mix Leaven and Goat's Dung together; or for want of it, Leaven alone, beat with it Garlic, Onions, and Treacle, or any of the aforenamed Simples, which you have in readiness, and make a Plaster. This Plaster is good: Take of the Powder of Long Birthwort two ounces, Asphodels and Briony, of each one ounce, Assa Foetida; Galbanum and Myrrh, of each half an Ounce, with Oil of Bays and Wax; make a Plaster. This following Unguent is commended by Vesalius, Take of Galbanum, and Opoponax, of each one drachm, Ammoniacum, Turpentine, and Wax, of each one drachm and an half; Sagapenum two drachms, Pitch two drachms and an half: put them over a gentle fire, and when they boil a little, put in a small quantity of Bean-flower, Leth argie, Saffron, and Bdellium, of each one drachm; Myrrh, and Olibanum, of each half a drachm; Mastic, four scruples, Fenugreek one scruple, boil them as much as you find convenient; then with the Oil of Roses, and Seasamini, of each two drachms, make an Unguent.  
Then you must labour to preserve the Heart from the venom, by inward Med cines.  
Julius Palmarius doth much commend that Powder, against the biting of a Mad Dog, or other venomous Creature; which Powder is called by the College of Physicians, in their Dispensatory, Pulvis Antilissus.  
Paracelsus adviseth to give the Patiented red astringent Wine, wherein Steel hath been quenched, and a little Treacle with it. Or let the Patient take now and then a little of this mixture with the Wine: Mithridate two Ounces, Venice Treatle one ounce, the powder of red Corals one ounce and an half, mix them. Also, Philonium Perficum, doth wonderfully defend the Head and Vital Parts. If the Patient grow very thirsty, it is a sign that the Venom reacheth to the Heart: then give warm milk, and the powder of Red Coral; and apply to the Region of the Heart an Epithem made of Rose-Vinegar, Camphire, and , sealedearth made into a Plaster, with some convenient moisture, and applied, is much commended against the poison of the Spider and Toad. Lastly, you must labour to bring the Wound to suppuration, asterwards mundify, incarnate, and cicatrize it. If the Creature which inflicted the Wound were not venomous, the pain is less, and the danger not so great, and the Cure easily performed by ordinary Medicines.   

CHAP. IU. Of a Wound in the Nerves, Tendons, Ligaments, Veins, and Arteries.  
Whether Nerve, Tendon, etc. are wounded, may be easily conjectured; and how, and with what weapon it was done, the Patient will be able t● inform.  
If a Sinew be burnt, there is great pain, hurt both of sense and motion, sometimes a Fever, Inflammation, Convulsion, or raving; a breach or wound of a Vein, or Artery, is known by profusion of blood. But whether the Vein or Artery be wounded, their proper figns must distinguish, viz. the blood black and thick, with an equal fluxion, showeth a wounded Vein: but if the blood be thin and yellow, and cometh forth leaping, like the motion of the Pulse, then is the Artery wounden.  
The Nervous Ligaments will endure Medicines of great force: If in Wounds of this nature a Tumour appear, and afterwards vanish away it threatneth danger of Convulsion and Raving. If a Nerve be wounded overthewart, and not cut alunder, it brings the move peril of Convulsion. An Artery cut overthwart is sooner joined together, then if it were severed longwise. An Artery cut is harder to cure then a Vein. Flux of blood is peril lous, especially of an Artery; for unless it be stopped, it bringeth death unavoidably. Swooning, Convulsion, Raving, etc. in this case, is an evil token. For the Cure, if the Nerve be priekt, begin thus: If there be any weapon, or any outward thing sticking in the Wound, let it be removed, and keep the part from in jury, & if you fear inflammation, open a Vein. Let him lie in a warm Room, on a soft bed; and keep the body lose, by Clysters, or laxative Medicines, regulated according to the nature of the humour peccant. Let his Diet be sparing, and small Beer his Drink. Let him lie as free from motion as may be; let not the cold Air, which is inimical to the Sinews, afflict him; not too hot Air, for fear of inflammation. Keep the Wound orens, & if it be not wide enough, makeit wider: then use such Medicines, that may ease the pain, and draw forth the eruginous and fretting matter: Medicines which heat and dry without pain, is good in this case; as the Oil of Turpetine, Ireos, Sage, Elder; or Water, wherein Salt and Turpetine hath been boiled; the Oil of Earthworms, and of the yolks of Eggs mixed; or the Oil of Roses and Turpetine; or the Oil of Turpetine, and of Savine mixed; or Euphorbium one drachm, boiled in two Ounces of Oil. For which purpose, this Plaster is good: Take of the Roots of Marshmallows, the Meal of Barley, Beans, and Lentils, of eaeh a like quantity, as much as you think good: boil them in Lie; then put to it Oil of Roses, Camomel, Dill, and Turpetine, of each sufficient, and a little Saffron, so make a Plaster. If the Wound will come to suppuration, heal it forward, and afterwards mundify it.  
If the Nerve be cut, after you have observed the asorelaid general Rules, join the Nerve; then apply this Medicine: Take of Karth-worms prepared three drachms Horstail two drachms, Betony and Nettles in powder, of each one drachm; Olibanum three drachms: encorporate them with the flesh of Snails beaten, and apply it four days, laying on some Glutinative Unguent. Take of the lesser Century, Plantain, Hounds-tongue, Mouse. ear, both the Consonds, Horse tail, and Yarrow, of each one handsal; Earthworms a pound and an half; Oil and Wine, of each one pound and an half; Vinegar sour ounces: stamp them, and let them infuse 7 days: then add the Suet of a Ram one peund, Pitch and Rozin, of each sour ounces: boil them to the consumption of the Wine and Vinegar; add to the straining Ammoniacum, Gathanum, Opaponax, dissolved in Vinegar, of each 5 drachms: Turpemine one ounce and an half, Frankincense, Maslick, and Sarcocol, of each three drachms: Of Saffron two ounces; Wax, as much as needeth, to make an Unguent: Both these are much commended by Jacobus Weckerus.  
If the Vein or Artery be cut, you must first labour to staunch the blood: Secondly, to cure the Wound. First, the blood may be staunched, either with, or with'hs out Evacuation: With Evacuation, is to open a Vein on the contrary part, and sometimes near the Wound, and to let it fly, and suddenly stop it again. To stay the blood without Evacuation, must be performed by cupping, with scarifying, binding and rubbing of the contrary part. Secondly, you must bridle the furious course of in by things that thicken, cool, and astonish: Things which thicken the blood, are Rice, Lentils, Jujubees. Quinces, and all Styptic Fruits. Cold Water drunk, or laid upon the member near the Wound, doth astonish it. It the Vein or Artery lie so that you may easily come at it, tie the end with fine silk, stitch up the Wound, and apply astrictive Powders upon it; and upon that lay on the like powder, mixed with the White of an Egg, with Stuphs. This Powder is good: Frankincense, Aloes, Terra Sigillata, Bolearmenick, and Senguis Draconis, of each equal parts; powder them finely, and with the white of an Egg, and the hairs of a Hare, let it be applied: Or this, Take of Lapis Haemitatis one ounce; Frankincense, Mastic, Bolearmenick, Cobwebs green Galls, dried Frogs, Soot, white wall, and the Meal that lie upon the walls of Mills and Bake-houses, of each two drachms:  Vitriol, Quicklime, and Gum-Traganth, of each three drachms; the shaving of the skin of a Ram, or He-Goat, Paper-cards, the hairs of an Hare, and cotton torrified, of each one drachm: Asses dung half an ounce; make it into fine powder, and use it as the fermer. The accidental Symptoms both of this and other Wounds, you shall have in a Chapter by themselves, with their Cures.   

CHAP. V Of Luxations and Fractures.  
A Luxation, or Dislocation, is the slipping of a joint from his Natural Position, and proper place, into some strange and unwonted seat, whereby voluntary motion is hindered. A Fracture is a division or breaking of the bone: the causes of the first are either outward or inward; outward causes are falls, strokes, extension, wrenching, or the like, the Patient is able to inform you. The inward causes are filthy, slimy, and Phlegmatic Humours, falling between the joint, as it many times happeneth in the Sciatica. Causes of Fractures, are things of weight falling upon the place, or the Patient falls from on high, slippeth, or such like.  
A Dislocation is known by these signs, viz. a Tumour in the part where the bone lies, a pit or cavity in the place from whence the bone is departed, great pain, a difficulty or deprivation of motion in that member. The bone broken is easily seen; but whether the Fracture be overthwart, or long ways, you may discern thus: If it be overthwart, by ceiling you may discern the bone several, and disjoined, the bones make a noise and crackling, when you handle each side diversely. If it be long-ways, the former signs appear not and that part appeareth thicker than ordinary, uneven, and painful.  
Of bones that slip out of their places, some are easily reposed, and some more hardly; the knee easily slippeth out, and is easily put in again, the fingers and shoulders may easily be reduced. The jawbone, the shoulderblade, Ostali, the heel-bone, the hand and middle of the foot do commonly knit in fourteen or one and twenty days: the hip in fifty days, and the foot in sixty, if the Patient give it rest. If in the setting the bone crack, or make a noise, and the member look like the other, it will be well, the Elbow seldom slippeth out, and is not put in again without much trouble. If the borders of the bones are broken, it is the worse. If a wound, Inflammation, a violent pain accompany the Luxation, it is dangerous and hard to be cured. If it hath continued long, and is grown Callous, it is hard to be cured. If a Child happen to have a dislocation, and it be not reduced, the member groweth little or nothing.  
Likewise in a fracture the bones of the Arms, Legs, Thighs and Fingers are not very dangerous, the farther from the head the better. A fracture accompanied with violent pain, Inflammation, wound in the flesh, or contusion, is very bad, because it cannot be dealt withal, till those accidents be first removed. In declining age, and Choleric persons the cure is difficult; in very aged persons impossible, the older the Patient is, the worse, a rib broken is dangerous. The breach of the bone or Gristle of the nose is bad, worse if the flesh be wounded. In a fracture of the skull these are dangerous symptoms; when the membrane is unmoveable, black or evil-coloured: loss of wits, resolution or distension of the Ne●ves. A Transverse fracture is most tolerable: a slope fracture with lose fragments is worse, but if it be sharp pointed, it is worst of all. The scull asketh thirty days to be joined: the Arm and Legs forty days, the Cubit thirty, a rib one and twenty, the Showlder and Thigh forty, the bone of the nose is joined in eight or ten days.  
For the cure, first of a dislocation, the bone must be stretched out, and compelled to its proper place. But the operation must be warily and variously handled, according to the nature of the part, and the disposition, situation, and knitting of the bones, tendons, and Nerves. Sometimes it may be done by the hand, and sometimes not without hands and Engines: when it is in, you must labour to keep it so, by strengthening the member, anoint it with the oil of Roses, Myrtles, and Mastic, then lay on a linen Cloth dipped first in oil of Roses, upon that  wet in the white of an Egg, and put upon it some astringent Powders: then roll it up with Clothes wet in Water and Vinegar, then splent it with stiff Leather or Pasteboard, bind it not too hard for fear of inflammation, then leave it so seven or ten days, unless any symptom arise. Then open it and bathe it with warm water, to discuss the superfluities and ease pain, and do it up as before, and bind it a little harder. If there be inflammation, wound, or fracture with the dislocation it is dangerous, and many times the placing of the bone must be deferred till the inflammation be eased; if it be with a wound or fracture, the following discourse of the cure of fractures will instruct you. If any Callous hardness be gathered between the Luxated bones, the place must be fomented with the decoction of Marsh and common-Mallowes; or afterwards it must be anointed with the unguent of Marsh Mallows, and lay on a Payster of Diachilon Magnum.  
A fracture must be thus dealt with, viz. let the Patient sit or lie in a place convenient, or such as the nature of the member requireth, let two with their hands, one under the member, and the other above, or one to the left hand, the other to the right join the broken bone: if you have need of more force, prepare large Tyalls of Linen, and let two draw one one way, and the other another, and pull the member as much as is needful; but beware of violent pulling and extension of the member, least vehement pain, Fevers, Convulsions, and resolutions be procured: when the bone is in its place and joined, labour to keep it so, and bind it up as is taught before in binding up of a dislocation, and lay it best for the Patient's case: open it not in fifteen days, unless pain, Inflammation, Itching, or some such like symptom; in the mean while foment the member round about it with the Oil of Roses, Myrtels and Mastic. After fifteen days open it again, and foment it with Wine, wherein Wormwood, Roses, and a little Salt hath been boiled, and bind it up as before, till seven days be past, then open it again, and apply Emplastrum Oxycroceum upon it. If the fracture be in the lower parts, move not the belly by Clyster or otherwise, if the body be full of blood open a vein, because it hinders defluxions. In the beginning let his diet be but slender, after the tenth day let him eat freely of such things as engender thick, and cleaving juices, as Rice, Wheat, the entrails of Sheep, and the feet of Calves, and Sheep, and such like.  
If there be a contusion with the fracture, you must not roll up the member as before you are taught, but slopewise on either side of the contusion, that so you may come to dress the contusion, and not open though member, the like you may do if there be a wound; but if there be any small splints that prick the member, they must be taken out before. If you find that the Callus grow not fast enough, apply such things as draw nourishment to the place: as warm-water, moderate frications, and a Plaster of Pitch. If it grow over great, apply that which may diminish i●, rub it much, and apply a plate of Lead to the part. If it be inflamed, ●oment the part with warm-water, and Oil of Roses, and such things which are appropriated to allay such distempers: and apply no splents till the inflammation be removed. If the part be vexed with Itch, or Pustules, anoint it with unguentum populeon, diapompholigos or album. If the part gangrene, scarify it, and deal with it, as you shall be taught in its proper place.   

CHAP. VI Of Accidents commonly happening to wouned persons.  
I Should first begin with immoderate bleeding, being commonly the first Accident; but to avoid needless repetitions, I shall refer the Reader to the fourth Chapter of this book, where I have sufficiently performed this task.  
If immoderate pain vex the Patient, as many times it doth; Simples mitigating pain, may be made use of, viz. common Oil, the Oil of Roses, and Poppyes, the crumbs of Wheaten bread, steeped in hot water, the white of an egg, Woman's or Cows-milk, Sheep's grease, you may make compound medicines of the root of Night shade, finely powdered, and Hogs-grease, make an oyntmnt, or you may use unguentum è Solano, or the white of an egg, and Styptic Wine, and such like. Then you must consider if the distemper be hot or cold; if hot, whether it is of the whole body or the part only: if the whole body be distempered, it is a Fever, and you must seek the cure in the second book; if the distemper be in the Member only, foment it with the decoction of Plantain, Roses, and such like, with the Oil of Roses, unguentum album, populeon, &c: if the member suffer by a cold distemper, which you may know by the swart colour, looseness, and softness of the part; than you must apply heating medicines: unguentum Basilicon, will do very well in this case.  
If a Convulsion happeneth, you must consider what is the cause: if repletion, or fullness of phlegm be the cause, let the place wherein he lieth be naturally, or art ficially hot, and dry: let him lie free from perturbation, and trouble, let his sleep be moderate, and only in the night. Let him be very moderate and sparing in his Diet, which ought to be rear Eggs, Barley, Cream, the flesh of Chickens, Capons and Hens; Raisins, Pine-kernels, sweet-Almonds; of herbs, Sage, wild Time, Hyssop, Marjarome and such like. Let the phlegmatic humour be purged, and the convulsed part anointed, with the oil of Nard, Bays, Castor, Rue, Nutmegs, etc. Vesalius commendeth this following ointment: Take of oil of sweet-Almonds, Hen's grease, and the marrow of Calf's feet, of each nine drachms; oil of Violets six ounces; the fat of a Kid and Calf, of each fifteen ounces: boil them in the decoction of Mallows, the root of March-Mallowes, and the seeds of Quinces, till it be consumed, then strain it and bring it into the form of a Lineament. If Convulsion come by repletion of blood, and inflammation, open the middle vein, and draw blood at several times, give Clysters, and deal with this inflammation as with another. If emptiness be the cause of Convulsion, direct a moist diet; rest of body and mind and much sleep. To the diet aforesaid add small stone fishes, let his drink be Barleywater, and if a little Liquoris and Cinnamon be sodden therein, it will be the better, herbs proper for him are Lettuce, Spinach, Arach, Borage, bugloss, Mallow, and such like; of fruits, Melons, Gourds, Damask Prunes, Peaches, ripe Grapes, etc. The conserve of Violets, Borage, bugloss, Diatraganthum frigidum, and bathe his body or the part with warm water and oil, or anoint with the oil of sweet Almonds. Be sure to remember to have respect to the greatness of the disease, the season of the year, the age, strength, and constitution of the Patient.  
Swooning often happening to wounded persons, if vioient pain be the cause, labour to appease the pain, you have rules enough before going. If it be occasioned by unmeasurable Evacuation, cast Rose-water or cold water into his face, use strong Ligatures and fricarions to the extreme parts.  
If some venomous quality, by reason of a bite of some venomous Creature, or wound with some venomous weapon, be the cause of this symptom, you must seek the remedy in the third Chapter.  
If Raving and Madness happen, appoint a mean diet betwixt hot and cold; labour to provoke sleep, to loosen the belly, and to expel all perturbations of the mind. If the body abound with blood, and nothing forbidden it, open a vein: then altar and prepare the humours with Juleps, made of the syrup of Roses, Violets, Water-Lillyes, Poppyes, and Endive: then empty the body with Manna, Cassia, or some such gentle thing: or with an Emollient Clyster; but above all, have a special regard to the wound, because pain there may be the cause, therefore let it be often opened, and bathed with Vinegar, and oil of Roses, or something that may powerfully appease the pain.  
If the Palsy happen you must be very circumspect, and appoint such a Diet, as for the Convulsion; let his drink be honeyed water, and boil therein Sage, and Cinnamon: or this, Take of Cinnamon two ounces, Ginger, half an ounce: grain of Paradise, Galanga and long Pepper, of each one drachm: Cardamons one drachm, and an half; Nutmegs, Cloves and Mace, of each one drachm: boil them in water to the wasting of a third part, strain it, and sweeten it, and let the Patient drink two or three ounces in a morning. For medicines internal, or external go to the seventh Chapter of the second book.  
If the wounded person be costive, and he begin to suffer prejudice thereby, give him some Lenitive medicines, or a suppository. If he suffer by stoppage of Urine, give him somewhat, which gently provoketh Urine: see the 68 Chapter of the second book. If Vomiting happen, and it ceaseth not in due season, Take Leaven, half a pound, the juice of Mint extracted with Vinegar, as much as is needful, boil them in to the form of a Cataplasm, lay it warm to the Stomach. If the Patient feel heat, and astonishing about the wound, anoint the wo●nd with the oil of Camphire▪ If the wound swelleth with heat, and pilleth under the finger, boil Water-Cresses, and Water-Lillyes in Rose Vinegar and apply it. If there appear the Flux of the Sinews, which is a viscous liquor from the Nerves; dress it with a vulnery oil, and lay on Emplastrum Sticticum. If the wound putrify, and goeth back from healing, swelleth with heat, looks black, blue, or swart, Take of lethargy, one pound; Alum one pound and an half; Salt two ounces; Frankincense four ounces; Roman Gum five ounces; of Wine, Water, and Vinegar, of each one pound, boil them a quarter of an hour, and apply it warm. If there grow a Pustulous Fistula, that is when the wound is healed too soon, without any firm foundation, so that it putrify underneath, and break out again, in this case Paracelsus adviseth this Cerat to be used. Take of common oil, Virgin Wax, and Litharge of Gold in Powder of each one pound: boil them together into the forms of a Cerate, to which add Opoponax prepared with Vinegar, and Mummy, of each three ounces; Aristolochia, Mastic, Frankincense, and Myrrh, of each half an ounce: Turpetine three ounces: Oil of Bays two ounces: Camphire two drachms: mix them upon the fire, afterwards make it up with oil of Camomel. So much for the general cure of wounds, and their accidents.   

CHAP. VII. Of Sanguine Tumours.  
FIrst Phlegmon is a Tumour begotten of pure blood, and is for the most part incident to the fleshy parts; the Antecedent cause is abundance of blood. In which Tumour are three things considerable, first the part that sendeth it, either by reason of its plenty, strength, or straightness of passages; Secondly, the part receiving it, either by reason of weakness, largeness or opening of the passages, or by the lowness of its situation. Thirdly, the part drawing it, which it doth either through heat or pain within it. The conjoined cause is much blood in the part, which before it cometh to suppuration, causeth a Tumour, Redness, heat, and pain: but when it is suppurate, the Tumour is soft, yielding and growing to a point, a pricking and beating pain: last of all the skin breaketh, and the pus issueth out: sometimes if the humours be thin, and the skin of the same nature, the Tumour may be resolved without suppuration.  
To this Tumour happeneth evil accidents sometimes, if the Chirurgeon want care or skill. Sometimes it turneth to corruption, and is seen by its leaden black colour, and stinking savour. Sometimes the matter maketh a regression, and the Tumour diminisheth, but the whole body is inflamed with a Fever and such like accidents. And sometimes it turneth into a Schirrhous hardness.  
In the cure the Antecedent cause must be first removed. Therefore first let the Chirurgeon open the Liver-vein, or any other vein, which he finds hath more affinity with the sending part; if he see good, he may bleed him in the opposite part for a revulsion, and derive the matter to some part adjacent, by cupping, frication, or Ligatures; and apply to the part affected medicines that cool and repel or beat back the flowing humours; and of this sort are these simples. Acatia, Vinegar, Balaustines, Bolearmenick, Camphite, sealed Earth, Myrtles, Pome-granate Peels, unripe Grapes, Vine-leaves, the leaves of Cyprus, Plantain, Oak, Sumach, Nightshade, Henbane, Houseleek, Lettuce, Purslane, Roses, and such like. Of these you may make somentations, or Cataplasms, to be used in the beginning of the Tumour, to hinder and beat back the blood, which floweth to feed it. Take this caution that in some cases, these medicines ought not to be meddled with, to wit when the humour is Malignant, or thick; or if the Tumour be Critical: Or upon some of the Glandulous parts.  
Next you must deal with the conjoined cause, or the blood impact in the part affected. If you judgo that the blood is thin, and apt to be discussed, discussing medicines are to be applied. This Cataplasm is good: Take the leaves of Mallows, Melilot and Camomile, of each one handful: the seeds of Dill, Flax, and Fenugreek, of each half an ounce, boil them to the Consumption of the Water, then beat them in a Stone-Morter; and add to it the oil of Dill, and Camomile, of each one ounce: a little Honey and Leaven, and make it into the form of a Cataplasm. But if the matter be thick, and not fit to be discussed, then labour to bring it to suppuration. For which these Simples are proper, Warm water, Butter, Wheaten Bran, or Wheaten bread, the grease of an Hogg, Calf, Goose, etc. Grease tried from the Wool of a Sheep, Rozin, Pitch, Figs, Saffron, Frankincense, etc. Of these you may make Cataplasms, and remove them twice a day. If the hot intemperature doth stir up a Fever, let the diet be ordered, and such medicines administered, as the nature of the Fever requireth; see the second book, among the Chapters of Fevers; when you find it very soft, and well suppurated, open it with a Lancet, where it is softest, and in the most convenient place for the matter to come forth; afterwards mundify, incarnate and Cicatize it.  
A Carbuncle is a Sanguine Tumour, the antecedent cause of it is black, thick, hot and faculent blood, flowing to the place: the conjoined cause is the settling of the blood in the part as you have heard before. The signs of a Carbuncle are sometimes but one, and sometimes many small pustu'es like burnt blisters, which being broken, a crusty Ulcer ensueth. If it be pestilential, the crust is black or Ash colour, about it redness, Inflammation and grievous pain; the Patient is troubled with Loathing, Vomiting, loss of Appetite, Palpitation of the heart, and Swooning.  
Carbuncles for the most part are attendants of the Plague, and Epidemical causes. If they come upon the Emunctuories, there is very great danger, lest the venomous humours fall upon some principal part. If it break out about the Stomach, or Jaws, there is danger of Choking. If the colour be first Red, after Yellowish, it is laudable, but if it be black or blew it is dangerous; If the accidents which accompany the disease vanish, there is heaps.  
In the cure, first have regard to the ancient cause which is thick hot blood, and must be altered and evacuated, to alter the quality of the blood, give him broth of Chickens, with Lettuce, Purslane, Pomegranates, and Lemons; and his drink Barleywater: give him medicines cooling and concocting: as Juleps made of syrup of Vinegar, Pomegranates, Citrons, Lemons and Endive; and the distilled water of Lettuce, Purslane, and the like. But if the Pestilence be present, you must have respect to the malignity, and give such medicines which strengthen the Heart and Vitals: See the 90. Chapter of the second Book; the quantity must be diminished, either by blood-letting, cupping, or medicines, as gentle Purges or Clysters; in all which be well advised, if the Plague be present. If there be a great fluxion of blood to the part, lay on discutients and repressing: discutients you have before. Take this caution that you apply gentle ones in the beginning, and stronger when the matter is gathered, to lay defensives to the adjacent parts, as the Ointment of Roses, Bolearmenick, or the oil of Mittles and Vinegar; also attractives are convenient, as hot Bread, the warm Lungs of beasts new killed, the tail of a Cock made bare, and a little Salt put into it and applied, or young Pigeons slit alive and applied warm. The cause conjoined must be taken away by Surgeons, or Medicine: first scatifying of the Tumour (if nothing (orbid it) deeply, and wash it with warm-water Horsleeches are good. When the matter cannot be dispersed, or otherwis dealt with, you must apply such things as have an altering, or ripening quality, as is aforesaid. If the Carhuncle be very venomous, this is commended viz.  
Take a great Onion, and cut off the head of it, and pick out the core or middle part; fill the hollow place with good Venice Treacle, paste on the head again with a little Leaven, and roast it in the Embers: when it is soft pill it, and beat it in a Mortar, and apply it warm to the Sore, and renew it every 6 hours.  
This Cataplasm is much commended. Take of Onions, and Garlic heads, of each of them four; one Lily Root, the Seed of Flax, and Fenugreek, of each one spoonful: Snails, with their sh●ls, four or five; sour Figs: Leaven as much as a Walnut, Barrows grease as much as two Walnuts; beat them all in a Mortar very well, warm it and apply it.  
Then you must mundify and heal it; but if there remain a crusty Escar, you must resolve it; for which purpose this Plaster is good.  
Take the flower of Wheat and Barley, of each three ounces, with the decoction of Mallows, Violets, and Althaea Roots, and make it into a solid Plaster: then add to it fresh Butter, and Hog's grease, of each two ounces, the yolks of two new laid Eggs.  
This mollifieth the crustiness, and caseth pain. If it be corrupt and putrified, you must make use of incision, cautery, or hot Iron.  
Gangrena is a mortification of any part, occasioned by exceeding inflammation, but not fully accomplished, but some sense remaineth. Sphacelus is when the part is utterly deprived of senle, & is mortified: so that if it be stricken, , or lanced, it feeleth no hurt. The fleshy parts are not only subject to this, but even the Nerves and Bones. The cause is adust blood, flowing to, or lodged in the part. Outward causes are cold Air, or Medicines, unmeasurable Heat, or Venom, Ligatures, Compressions, Contusions.  
Gangrena is known by the loss of sense, though not wholly, black or swartish colour; there is pain, heat, and beating of the Atteries. In Sphacelus, there is a total loss of sense, black colour, putrified, stinking, rotten; being pressed, yieldeth to the bottom, and returneth not.  
The first is difficult to cure; the other more, and not without cutting, when the Bones and Sinews are affected it is incurable: unless it be cured in the beginning, the part affected dyeth, and it creepeth to the near parts, to the destruction of the whole Body.  
In the Cure, first temper the blood by a cooling Diet as before, and give preparing Juleps, such as are afore prescribed. Diminish the same by blood-letting, if nothing forbidden it, and by gentle Purges; as Cassia Fistula, Tamarinds, Fumitory, Catholicon, Diaprunum, Lenitive, and the like. Lay repressing Medicines to the parts round about: Take of the Oil of Roses and Myrrh, of each three ounces and an half, the Juice of Plantain and Nightshade, of each two Ounces, boil them to the consumption of the Juices: add to it white Wax one Ounce and an half, the Meal of Beans, Lentils, and Barley, of each half an Ounce; of all the , two drachms and an half, Bolearmenick one Ounce, the Powder of Myrtles one drachm; mix them for a defensive.  
Give the Patiented such things inwardly, as cheer the Heart, and revive the Spirits.  
This done, draw up your forces against the conjoined cause: and first, if nothing prohibit, bleed your Patient, and scarify the place, and wash it with Water and Salt: cut the member, or burn it with a hot Iron, and leave nothing that is putrified, to preserve the rest of the Body: then apply Medicines, whose property is to dry and resolve.  
Quercetanus preseribes two Unguants of great force for the purpose: Take of Honey two Ounces, Crocus Martis, and Crocus Veneris, of each half an Ounce; Myrrh, and Round-Dirthwort, of each one Drachm: Camphire, one Drachm and an half; the Phlegm of Vitriol six Ounces: Boil them to the consistence of an Unguent: then add of Mercury Precipitate half an Ounce, and make an Unguent. Or this, Take of Butter of Arsenic two Ounces, Mercury precipitate half an Onnce: Oil of Myrrh two Drachms: Mix them with Honey, being first washed with the juice of Celandine.  
When the putrefaction cealeth to go any farther, remove the Escar, as you were taught before: then mundify and heal it.   

CHAP. VIII. Of Choleric Tumours.  
FIrst, Erysipelas, or ignis Sacer, is a Choleric Fluxion, chief consisting betwixt, or about the skins. The antecedent cause is Choler, abounding and flowing to the part. The conjoined cause is the same Humour there settled. The first is known by a Choleric Constitution and Diet. The second is known by great heat, small Tumour, reddish or yellow colour, soon vanishing in touching, and quickly returning: The pain is not with pulsation and beating, but biting and pricking, and the Patient is sensible of the motion of a Tertian Fever. Erysipelas about the head is a hard thing to cure, and it easily gets into the Face, and there spreadeth: for the flesh there is thin, and the humour light and active. If it happen to the Womb of a woman with child, it is deadly: if it lie near the bone, it is dangerous: if it return from the outward parts to the inward, it is very evil: the like judge, if it come to suppuration, which it seldom doth, but is sent forth by transpiration.  
First, order the Air to be cool and moist, where your Patient lodgeth, and his Diet of the same nature. Bleed not, unless blood be mixed with Choler, which is called Erysipelas Phlegmonosum: Then prepare the Humours with Tuleps convenient, made of the Syrups of Vinegar Simple, Bugloss, Maidenhair, Violets, Water-lilies, Endive, and Succory, and their distilled Waters, or others of the like nature. When you have prepared the humour, purge it either by Clyster, or Potion. This Potion is much commended: Take of the best Rhubarb four seruples, the Flowers of Violets and borage, of each one drachm, the decoction of Tamarinds, sufficient: infuse the Flowers and Rbubarb ten hours, strain them, and dissolve therein Diacatholicon three drachms, Syrup of Roses two ounces, and make a Potion. Vesalius. You may alter, or make variety of Potions, as you see occasion: Or empty your body with this Clyster; Take Marsh and common Mallows, Violet leaves, Camomel, and Lettuce, of each one handful; the seeds of Anise, Fennel, and the four great cold seeds, of each one drachm; the flowers of Borage, Bugless, Violets, and Water-lilies, of each one Pugil; Polypodium, and Senna, of each one ounce: make a Decoction to a pint; of which add of Cassia one ounce; Diacatholicon, half an ounce, Oil of Violets, two ounces, make a Clyster.  
Add strength and aid to the part, by cooling and repelling Medicines, viz. Epithems, and Liniments, made of the juice or distilled Water of Nightshade, Housleek, Stonecrop, Fleabane, and Henbane, Purflane, Lettuce, Endive, Succory, and such like; the Oil of Roses, and Water-lilies, Vinegar, Sanders, the White of Eggs, the Musilage of Quince seeds, etc. Compounds are the Unguent of Roses, or Refrigerans Galeni, and such like.  
The conjoined cause must be removed by Medicines, which have power to evacuate and discuss; Take of the lethargy of Gold one ounce, washed Ceruse six drachms, the juice of Plantain, and Woman's milk, of each one ounce and an half, Oil of Roses three ounces, white wax, as much as sufficieth to make an Unguent.  
There are other Yumonis, which do commonly associate with Erysipelas, viz. Herpes Exedens, or Miliaris, which are called Choleric Pushes, and the Shingles. The first is caused of a thick and sharp 〈◊〉 of yellow Choler, slowing into the part which doth feed upon, and eat the skin. Herpes Miliaris are small Pastules rising upon the ●kin, like the seeds of Millet from whence it hath its name: It is caused of yellow Choler, mixed with thin Phlegm. These, Humours abounding in the body will declare.  
The cure of these, differ little from the former; appoint the same Dier and Medicines, externally and internally, making this difference: In the first, let the Medicines preparing be more cutting, and the purging Medicines stronger, because of the thickness of the Humour; and let the outward Medicines be more powerfully discutient. In the cure of Herpes Miliaris, observe the same Diet, to your Preparatives, and such things as cut Phlegm: To your Purges, such as purge Phlegm. Extemal Medicines may by an easy Brain be regulated, little differing from the former. This Cataplasm is very good: Take of Pidgcons' Dung fresh, as much as you please: mix it with Wheaten flower, and apply it cold, and cover it with a Colewort leaf; renew it twice in 24 hours.   

CHAP. IX. Of Phlegmatic tumors.  
OEdema is a lose Tumour without pain, proceeding of Phlegmatic Humours, flowing into some part. The Tumour is lose and soft, yieldeth to the finger, and retaineth the pit after the finger is gone.  
This Disease is more prone to Resolution, than Suppuration: sometimes it turneth to Nodes and Knots in the flesh.  
Order your Patient with a Diet, contrary in quality to the Disease, viz. Heating, drying, and making thin. Then prepare the Humour for Evacuation; these Simples are good: Betony, Sage, Hyssop, Balm, Polymountain, Penyroyal, Calamint, Origanum, Margarom, Southernwood, Mint, Wormwood, Germander, Groundpine, Cowslips, Agrimony, Maidenhair, the cold Seeds, Lignum Vitae, the Roots of Cyprus, Acorus, Ireos, Galanga, Elicampane, Smallage, Parsley, Grass, Asparagus, Butcher's Broom, Fenel, etc. Of these you may make Compound Medicines, to prepare the Humours for purging. This Apozem is of good virtue: Take the Root of Ireos, and Galanga, of each 6 drachms Smallage, Parsley, and Asparagus, of each one ounce; of Betony, Balm, Germander, Groundpine, and Maidenhair, of each one handful; the Seeds of anise, Fenel, Caraway, and Cummin, of each two ounces; the seed of Melones 6 drachms; of Raisins stoned two ●unces, the seed of Carthamus two ounces, Senna one ounce and an half, the Flowers of Broom, red Ci●ers, Stechas, and Bugloss, of each one pugil: make a decoction, of which take two pound, and dissolute therein Honey of Roses, and Syrup of Wormwood, of each two ounces; Sugar as much as sufficeth, Aromaticum Rosatum two drachms and an half; make an Apozem, and clarify it for 6 Doses.  
When the Humoes are thus prepared, you must come to purging them with such Medicines, as purge the Phlegmatic Humours: the next Book will furnish you with store of such Medicines, so that I need nor here insert them. Outwardly sortifie the part with this or the like Unguent. Take of Bolearmenick, and Acatia, of each one ounce, Cyperus half an ounce, Aloes and Myrrh, of each five drachms, Saffron half a drachm, the juice of Coleworts two ounces, Oil of Roses four ounces, Vinegar one drachm and an half; Wax sufficient, to make an Unguent. Concerning the matter impact in the parts, you must consider whether it be thin, and may be resolved; or thick and subject to suppuration,  
If the Humour be thin, lay on this, or a Plaster of this nature.  
Take of Cow Dung one pound and an half, Olibanum, Styrax, Moss of Trees, Calamus, Atomaticus, Spicknard, Wormwood, of each half an ounce; make them up with Vinegar, and the decoction of Coleworts into the form of a plaster.  
If you find the matter will come to suppuration, apply this Plaster.  
Take of Mallows, Trank Ursint, the Root of Lilies, Onions, Snails, Leaven, and Flax Seed, of each a like quantity sufficientl; boil them, and beat them in a Mortar, with Hog's grease, or fresh Butter, to the form of a Plaster.  
If you fear that the Humours may suffer in the mean while, provide internal and external Medicines for the same: Take of Conserve of the Flowers of Stechas, and Rosemary, of each one ounce; of the Rinds of Citrons preserved half an ounce, Emblicks, and Mirabolans preserved two drachms, Species Diacinnamon two scruples with Syrup of Citron Peels, make an Electuary; whereof let the Patient take the quantity of a Nut an hour before meat,  
The Aposthume being ripe, open it with an hot Iron, or Coustick; then mundify it with Unguentum Apostolorum, or cleanse it with this following Unguent: Take of Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Rozin, Turpetine, Pitch, Bullocks Tallow, and Oil, of each a like quantity: Dissolve the Gums in Vinegar, and then let them hoil a little with the rest upon the fire. Afterwards incarnate and cicatrize it as you do other Ulcers.  
Out of this Phlegmatic Humour is sometimes engendered a flatuous and windy Tumour, which is gathered either under the skin, or under the membranes, which cover and  the Bones and Muscles.  
They appear with a certain brightness and shining, resist the touch; and being smitten, sound like a Bladder: the pain is extensive, and stretching. Let his Drink be such, as expels and prevents such Humours. Let the Humours be prepared by Wine, expelling Julips, and the Body emptied by Carminative, and Clysters, and convenient Purges.  
Then you must attenuate, discuss, and scatter the conjoined Cause; these Simples are fit for the purpose, Anise, Fenol, Dill, Caraway, Carots, Commin, Siler Montawm, Smallage, Parsley, Rue, Bay-Berries, Oil of Rue, Bays, Flowerdeluce, Nard, Spike, Nuts, Euphorbium, and such like. Of these, and other Ingredients of the like nature, are many Unguents and Plasters form.  
Take of the Oil of Camomel, Dill, Bitter Almonds, and Rue, of each one ounce; the Seed of anise, Fenel, Carrots, Caraway, Arreos, and Rue, of each half an ounce: White-wine three ounces: Boil it to the consumption of the White-wine; strain it, and add Wax sufficient to make an Unguent.  
The expert Chirurgeon ought to compound and alter his Unguents, Plasters, and all his Medicines, according to the constitution of the Patient, and nature of the Tumour; for which it is impossible to lay down certain Rules. Give inwardly Diacinnamom, Diacalamenthum, Aromaticum, Rosatum, Diagalanga, Dianisum, and such like; and lay a Plaster of the same nature to the stomach. If a Watery Tumour is engendered in any part, or all over the body, see the 58th Chap. of the 2d Book.  
Struma is a Tumour, in which, underneath, certain Glandules made of Matter and Blood, and enclosed with a Membrane do grow: They have their place for the most part about the Neck, Armholes, and sometimes in other places. The principal cause is Phlegmatic Humours: sometimes falls, ●…oaks, or great Surfeits may be the cause. They that have narrow and short Foreheads, flat Temples, and broad Jaws, are subject to this Disease. This Tumour seldom comes to suppuration, if it doth, it gathereth again. The greater the Tumour, and the deeper it is rooted, the harder the Cure.  
For the Cure of the Struma, or Kings evil appoint a diet, that will heat, dry, and attenuate; then prepare the humours. Take of Oxymell compounded, syrup of Staechas, honey of Roses, of each half an ounce: the distiled water of Scabius and fumitory, of each one ounce: mix it for one dose, and take thereof as often as need requireth. Then purge with Diaphaenicon, Diacatholicon, Indi majoris, Hiera piera, Pill Cochiae, de agarico, and such like. It is good also to cleanse the blood by Urine: Take of Pilewort three handful, Philipendula two handfuls, pimpernel, Mouseare, tansy, Red Coleworts, Madder, of each one headful: the Roots of Fennell, Parsly, round Birthwort, Radish, and stinking Gladwin, of each half a handful, the seed of Nettles, Juniper, and Bay-berryes, of each one drachm; boil them in Wite-Wine to the Consumpoion of half, sweeten it with Honey, give every second or third day three ounces in the morning. If the conjoined cause be fit to be resolved, then use means that can mollify, attenuate, disperse and sepetate: such as is Diachylon, Commune, and Magnum, Diapalma, many unguents, Liniments, and Plasters may be made for the purpose aforesaid, which I hear omit. If the matter be unfit for resolution, then have you two ways to empty it, that is suppuration, and incision. This plaster is good to ripen it. Take the roots of Marsh-Mallows, and Lillyes, of each one pound, boil them soft, and beat them in a Mortar: Garlic and Onions boiled, of each three ounces, the oil of Lillyes and Buster, of each two ounces, Hog's grease, and Goose grease, of each two ounces and an half, the Meal of Wheat, Fenugreek and Flax seed, sufficient, the Yolks of two Eggs make a plaster, when it is ripe open it with an instrument, or ruptory of Chantharides or Arsenic. If it appear filthy, cleanse it with Unguentum Apostolorum, Egyptiacum, or such like, afterwards incarnate and Cicatrize it. If it submit not to medicines, it must be taken out by manual operation, which only belongeth to an expert and able Chirurgeon: seeing the whole cure is difficult, and aught to be managed by an able brain, and skilful hand, I omit any further discourse of it, it being my task principally to instruct people of mean Capacity.  
There are three other phlegmatic Tumours, which lie under the general notion: the first is called Atheroma, and is a Tumour without pain and change of colour, which is a humour contained in the membraines or Nervous Coats: it is clammy like sodden Meal, Starch, and sometimes mixed (as it were) with hairs, pieces of bones, etc. Meliseras is a Tumour somewhat thinner, and almost of the substance of Honey, otherwise agreeing with the former. Steatoma is much like the two former, save that the humour contained is like suet, and the Tumour doth increase, and is much enlarged in process of time; the inward causes of them all are Phlegmatic humours, with which the body doth abound. The first is thus known, the Tumour is long and ridged; being pressed, returneth to its place again but slowly, by reason of the clamminess of the humour; the second Tumour is rounder and thinner, being pressed, yieldeth and returneth speedily; the last is hard, yieldeth not to the pressing of the finger, for the humour is like Suet.  
The first must be dealt with by corrosives and incision; the second by discutients, corrosives, and incision; the last no otherwise but by incision alone.  
The diet, preparatives, and purges, which are proper for Oedema, are here to be used. If you find the Tumour fit for resolution, apply discussive plasters, a plaster made of Cyclamen is much commended.  
Take of Cyclamen, otherwise called Showbread, as much as you pleass, Hogs-grease and Brimstone of each equal parts, beat them into the form of a plaster. If it will not be resolved, consume it with eating medicines: among many of this nature, this following is commended.  
Take of the Scales or flower of Brass half an ounce, of red Arsenic, and black Ellebore, of each two drachms, with Oil of Roses; make a plaster; make a deep eschar, and make incision through it, and apply a Caustick.  
The Cure may be performed only by incision, but the Chirurgeon must beware that the Tunicle, which holdeth the matter be not broken, lest some part of the humour be left, to the hindrance of his operation.   

CHAP. X. Of Melancholy Tumours.  
THe true and Legitimate Scirrhus is a Tumour hard, without pain, yet sensible. The antecedent cause is Melancholy, abounding in the body; the conjoined cause is the humour fixed in the part. The first is known by the Melancholy constitution of the Patient; a diet and course of life, which is apt to breed Melancholy. The second, viz. the conjoined cause is known by a Tumour hard and scarce yielding to the touch, in colour between red and black, of dull sense.  
These Tumours if they be timely and carefully dealt with, may be cured by resolution: Sometimes they become indurate, and sometimes they degenerate into a Cancer.  
Let the Patient live in a Temperate air, let him use moderate exercise, and avoid excessive affections and passions of the mind, let his body be kept soluble, and let his meat be such as is of good nourishment, and easy digesture, and let him therein be moderate.  
Let the Melancholy humours be prepared by Juleps made of the syrups of Fumitory, borage, Buglose Endive, Succory, Rhubarb, Harts-tongue, Epithymum, and Vinegar, with their distilled waters. This Apozem is very effectual.  
Take the root and leaves of Sorrell, borage, bugloss, and Fumitory, the leaves of Maidenhair, Succory, Endive, Dandelion, and Hops, of each one handful; Balm, half a handful, the four great cold seeds beaten, of each two drachms, the seed of Purslane two drachm; Anise and Fenell, of each one drachm, Raisins of the Sun stoned six drachms, Polypody, one ounce; Senna one ounce and an half; Time and Epithymum, of each two drachms; the Flowers of Violets, borage, and bugloss, of each one pugil, make a decoction, in two pound of which dissolve the juice of Odoriferous Apples, and of bugloss, of each four ounces, boil it again to a pint and an half, then sweeten it with Sugar, as much as is convenient: Clarify it, then Aromatize it with the Powder, Diamargariton Frigidum, and Diatr●…aganthum Frigidum, of each one drachm; make an Apozem for four Doses.  
The humour prepared, purge it with such things as purge Melancholy; these simples are proper; Sena, Polypodium, Epithemum, Fumitory, Cassia, Lapis Lazuli, and Mitabolans, black Hellebore, and such like. Look for compound Melancholy Purgers in the next book.  
The conjoined humour must be dealt with by such things as soften, separate, and discuss, as the grease tried out of flank Wool, Butter, the oil of Almonds, Camomel, Dill, Lillyes, &c: the fat of a Cock, a Duck, Goose, Fox, Bear, Lion, Sow, Calf, Stag, Eagle, Vulture, Bee-Glew, Wax, fat Figgs, Marsh and Common Mallows, Lillyes, Branck ursine. Ammmoniacum, Bdellium, Galbanum, Styrax, Tarr, Rozin, and such like, of which you may make unguents and plasters. This plaster of Calmeteus is of great virtue. Take of fat Figgs, in Number twelve, boil and stamp them, Ammoniacum, Bdellium, Galbanum, dissolved in Vinegar, of each two ounces, Liquid Styran, one ounce, the Musilage of Ma●sh-Mallow roots, of the seed of Flax, and Fenugreck, of each two ounces, Oesipus and fresh Butter, of each one ounce, oil of Lillyes three ounces, with Wax as much as sufficeth; make a Plaster.  
A Cancer is a hard, unequal, round, and venomous Tumour; of a black colour, ho and painful: it is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, it hath this name for these reasons, first because the veins about it, filled with Melancholy blood, are stretched out like unto the feet of the Crab fish. Secondly, because it is much like in colour to a Crab; and lastly some will have its name to be taken from its sticking quality, that it can scarcely be pulled away, as the Seacrab doth, which obstinately sticketh to the place, on which it layeth hold. The cause is thick and Melancholy juice contained in the part, and appeareth with a hard, resisting, unequal, swartish or brown Tumour; round about it the veins are swelled, and exalted: about it there is sometimes sudden pricking, but for the most part it is of dull sense.  
The thicker and blacker the humour is, so much the w●…se is the effect, this disease happeneth to any part of the body, but more especially about the face, Ears, Lips, women's breast, who have wanted their natural purgation: and it happens to men, who were wont to have Hemorrhoicall purging, and have lost it. By reason of the thickness and stubbornness of the humour, it is seldom cured, but rather turneth to an Ulcerate Cancer. Those Cancers only that are upon the extreme parts of the body receive curation: but if they are deeply lodged, they admit not of cure: a Cancer that is confirmed cannot be cured unless it be rooted up, by incision or burning,  
Order your Patient, as before in respect of diet, and prepare and purge the Melancholy humour as before is taught: in this case let purges be very gentle and often reiterated. Then give medicines which have a faculty to consume and dry up the matter: This Electuary of Antonius Montaguana is good. Take of the powder of Sea or River Crabs drowned in Milk, and dried in an Oven, of each four ounces, the powder of Frogs, Snails, and Hedgehogs, of each one ounce, the rind of Citrons preserved, two ounces; the shaving of Ivory, and the bone of a Stages Heart, of each three drachms. Xylobalsamum, and wood of Aloes, , Coral, and the powder of Steel prepared, of each two drachms; the seed of Sorrell and Citrons, the powder of Carduus, Scordium, and Ceterach, of each one drachm, Amber and Musk, of each two grains, the conserve of borage, bugloss, Sorrell, and Sowthistles, of each two drachms, with the simple syrup of Apples as much as sufficeth; make an Electuary, the dose is the quantity of a Chestnut, three hours before meat. Then apply such medicines to the part, that may scatter the humour contained, and strengthen the part against farther defluxion: These simples are very assistant in this case: Nightshade, Ceterach, Agrimony, St. John's wort Clery, the juice of Coriander, the flesh of Cocks, Snails, River-Crabs, Frogs, the dung of a man, burnt and washed lead, oil of Frogs, oil of sulphur and such like, you may make a compound ointment thus.  
Take of Bolearmenick and Terra Sigillata of each one ounce, of Lapis Ealaminaris, and washed Ceruse, of each half an ounce, Tutty and Marchasite prepared, of each three drachms, the powder of Frogs and Snails dried in an Oven, of each three drachms: Litharge of Gold two drachms, oil of Roses three ounces, oil of Frogs one ounce and halfa, Vinegar two ounces, the white of two Eggs, Wax sufficient, let them be well beaten in a Leaden Mortar, and brought into an Unguent.  
Whilst you purge, apply such things as principally repel or beat back; in the augmentation you must beat back and discuss, in the declination discuss only, and all the while let the Patient be nourished with Cordials, to defend the Heart, Liver, and all the principal parts from this so malignant and stubborn Enemy.   

CHAP. XI. Os ulcers.  
An Ulcer is a solution of continuity in the flesh, containing Sanies and Pus. The antecedent causes is Blood, Choler, Phlegm, Melancholy thereto flowing, as hath been said of Tumours; the joined cause is distemperature, pain, tumour, contusion, or such like, stirred up by antecedent causes: Of this cemeth matter either good or bad; that which is good is of a mean substance, between thin and thick, white light equal, and not stinking: that which is bad is thin, glewy, much in quantity, swarrish, black, pale, stinking.  
If the distemperature of the Ulcer be hot, it is known by heat, redness, and relief by cold things. In a cold distemperature, there is not so much redness, and it is cased by hot things. Whether the distemperature be moist or dry, the eye will discover.  
The cure of an Ulcer simply considered, must be performed by Medicines which have a digestive, mundificative, incarnative, and cicatricing quality: of which sort, I have alieady treated in the cure of Wounds.  
I shall only now briefly treat of the Distempers, Adjuncts and Accidents of Ulcers.  
First, let the symptom be removed: if it be hot, consider whether it be with matter, or without; if with matter, whether it be Sanguine, or Choleric. If it be a Sanguine Distemper, let blood, observe a slender and cooling. Diet and Medicines. If the matter be Choleric purge Choler, observe a cooling Diet, and use cool Medicines. If there be a hot distemperature without matter, neither purge nor bleed, but use cooling Medicines; as Unguentum Album, Diapompholigos, Rubrum, Camphora, Ex Plumbo, and Ex Cerussa, and such others. Also, Rose-Water, the Juice or Water of Nightshade, Housleek, Plantain, and such like.  
If the Distemperature be cold, purge Phlegm if it abound, and use Diet and Medicines, which doth heat and dry inwardly: Outwardly apply warming Ointments; Unguentum de Althaea, or Unguentum Citrinum: wash it with warm wine, or the decoction of Wormwood, Mint, Hyssop, Calamint, Origan, Rosemary, Penyroyal, and such like.  
If the Ulcer be too moist, dry it with Unguentun Pompholigos, de Plumbo, de Cerussa, de gratia dei, de Calce.  
If it be too dry, let his Diet and Medicines be moistening; as Basilicon de Pice, Diachylon, etc. Having removed the Distemperature, go on gradually to the Cure; if the matter be crude digest, having digested it, mundify it; having so done, in carnate it: and lastly, cicatrise it.  
If a Tumour doth accompany the Ulcer, you may from the Chapters asoregoing, be able to judge what the Humour is, which is the cause thereof. You must evacuate it by blood-letting, purging, thin and cooling Diet and Medicines: The Chapters aforegoing will inform you, whether it be drawn thither by the part if self, or sent from other parts, or from the whole body: Nor you need not go any farther, nor I trouble myself to prescribe Medicines, to repel and discuss the Tumours, the aforenamed Chapters being sufficiently furnished.  
A contused Ulcer must be nourished with Medicines moistening and engendering good matter, and the Cure may be performed by the means prescribed for the Cure of a contused Wound.  
If the Ulcer be accompanied with proud flesh, it must be taken off by an Incision Knife, Cautery, or hot Scissors, etc. or by cotrosive Medicines: the gentler sort are Burnt Alum, Hermodactyls with Tartar, Date Stones burnt, Aqua vitae with Sulphur, Unguentum Apostolorum, Nettle-seed, the Flower of Brass,  Brass, Serpentaria, the Root of Asphodels, etc. Of a stronger sort are these, the Powder of Mercury, Unguentum Aegyptiacum, or Apostolorum, with Natural Verdegrease. Of the stronger sort are, Quicklime, Red Vitriol,  Vitriol, Mercury sublimate: Of these may many Compounds be made, which for brevity sake I omit.  
If the Lips of the Ulcer be hard, soften it with mollifying Medicines, made of the fat of a Goose, Hen, Duck, Lion, Bear, Calf, Ox, or the like; the Oil of Lilies, Sweet Almonds, Earthworms, Foxes, Unguentum Basilicon, Diachilon, and Emplastrum de Mucilaginibus. If it be so hard that it will not yield to Medicine, make use of In cision, Cautery, or of the aforenamed corrosive Medicines.  
If the Bone be defiled by an Ulcer, take it off with a Scaling Instrument, or an hot Iron: after you have loosed the Scale, the first three days apply Oil of Roses, and the White of an Egg warm: the next three days, the yolk of an Egg, and Oil of Roses; after that with Butter and Hony. If the Bone lie so deep, that you cannot apply your hot Iron, inject this Water: Take of White Wine one pound and an half, the distilled Waters of Plantain, and Roses, of each one pound; Mercury sublimate three drachms, Bolearmenick half an ounce,  Alum one ounce and an half, white Vitriol, and Borax, of each half an ounce, White Sugar two ounces, Maslick, Sarcocol, of each one ounce and an half; Powder what is to be powdered; boil it to the consumption of half, than filter it, and add of the best Aqua Vitae one pound, and reserve it to your use. It is good also to lay this following Powder to the putrified Bone: Take of round Birthwort, and the Bark of the Pinetree, of each three drachms: of the Root of Hegs' Fennel, and Reeds, of each two drachms; of Agarick, and Tartar, of each one drachm and an half; Eupborbium one drachm; make a Powder; lay it upon the putrified Bone, or mix it with Honey, or Aegyptiacum, or such like.  
If Worms breed in the Ulcer, take away the humidity and putrefaction whereof they are engendered; kill the Worms with the Juices, or Decoction of Wornewood, Centory, Eupatorium, Wormwood, and such like, bitter Herbs. So much for the general cure of Ulcers.   

CHAP. XII. Rules for Vomiting and Purging.  
THE first thing herein considerable, is the matter offending; what part of the body is afflicted, and which is the best way to evacuate the peccant humour. The matter offending is either Phlegm, Water, Choler, or Melancholy. Purging Simples work gently or strongly, those that work gently only, are to be given to weak Bodies; the strongest, to stronger persons. Be well advised of the offending humour before you purge, lest instead of helping, you weaken Nature. Before you take a purge, let the Humours be prepared by some Medicines proper for the purpose, especially if Phlegm or Melancholy be the humour you would purge. Prepare the body before with Medicines, that are attenuating and cutting, and let your Purge be made up with it. The next Book will furnish you with variety of altering and preparing Medicines.  
It is a matter of consequence to consider what part of the body is afflicted, and to form your Purges accordingly. If the remote parts of the body be afflicted; as the Head, Arms, Feet, and the like, let your Purge be made up into a hard form as Pills; that by their long stay in the body, they may be the better able to draw the humours from those parts.  
If the oftending humour lie in the Bowels, or adjacent parts, use liquid Medicines: and in all these look not upon the multitude of Ejections, but of the matter ejected.  
If the humours lie in the Tunicle of the Stomach, a Vomit is necessary, and in many cases more it is a good Revulsion; but take them not without advice from an able Physician.  
If the Purge work not at all, give warm Broth, and Posset Drink, and if the Purge were strong, give a Clyster. If it work too strongly, which is worse: give such things as make the Bowels slippery for Ejection, as the Oil of Almonds, which is good, if the mouths of the Veins be opened, or if there happen excoriation, for the same purpose, Quince-seeds, and Mallows, boiled in milk, is good; and Gum Traganth dissolved in water, or Milk; the Syrup, or Marinalade of Quinces have the like virtue.  
If Vomiting hold too long, give a draught of Milk, with a little Mastic therein; and lay to the Stomach Emplastrum, è Crusta Panss. If either Vomit or Purge work too churlishly, some give a Pill of Laudanum, and with good success. Anoint the Stomach and Belly with Oil of Roscs, and lay on it the Powder of Mastic, of Galls, and Red-Roso leaves.  
Chemical Medicines, if they be rightly prepared, and administered with care and judgement, are the best, for they stay but a little while in the body, and do not bind afterwards, because the Terrene part is taken away.  
If the Humour be tough, it is not easily carried away; therefore in such cases purge gently and often.  
The Dose aught to be regulated by an able Brain: In the next Book I shall give you the Faculties and Dose of most of the Medicines (in use) amongst us. For the Times and Seasons of purging, in respect of the motion of the Moon and Stars, I have given you a few general Rules at the latter end of my Almanac for the Year, 1659. to which I refer you.   
An end of the Third Book.   

BOOK IU.  

IN this I shall show you the Faculty and Natural Operation of most of the compound Medicines now in use amongst us, and sold by the Apothecary: together with a general Rule for the making of all such kind of Medicines. Those that desire a more particular Description of their Ingredients or Compositions, let them peruse the Dispensatory made by the College of Physicians of London: If they cannot understand the Latin Tongue, let them make use of the Translation thereof, by Mr. Culpeper, it being unbefitting for this Volume. Be pleased therefore to accept of their Faculties and Doses from the least to the greatest, which must be regulated with judgement and discretion, according to the age or strength of the Patient, the Season of the Year, and the nature of the Distemper.   

CHAP. I. Of Distilled Waters.  

Could or simple Distilled Waters are drawn out of Herbs, Flowers, Fruits, and Roots; all which ought to be distilled when they are in their greatest vigour, and aught to be gathered in a dry day about Noon. The common way is to distil them in a Pewter Still: the Water thus distilled is (of all Medicines) the weakest, yet is of use in mixing them with other Medicines, that they may be the better taken. To avoid burning, put sifted Ashes under the Vessel, which holds the Herbs, and give a gentle fire.  
But to make the Water have more smell and virtue of the Herbs, do thus: Take what green Herb, and Roots, or Flowers fresh gathered, if you please bruise them, and mix with them some Leaven, and let them stand close covered four or five days, then distil them as aforesaid. To make it stronger, do thus: When you have distilled any Herb as aforesaid in a common Still, by putting a Paper under them to prevent burning and drying the Cake overmuch: Put the Water and the Cake together into a hot Still, or Alembick, and let them stand warm 24 hours; then distil them, and if you would have the Water yet stronger, pour this Water upon more Cakes, and do as before; and if there be any Oil upon the top of the Water separate it, thus you shall have a very strong and excellent Water. Or if you perform this distillation in a glass Gourd, in a gentle Balneo, that is in warm-water, your water will be very good, and far excelling the water distilled the common way. To know the virtue and use of these waters, you must find the virtue of the herb by some Herbal, or History of Plants and Herbs. If you would have a distilled water out of flowers, which shall retain the smell of the flower, do thus. Take Roses, Violets, Honey-suckles, or what other flower you would distil, pick them, being first gathered in a fair, and Sunshine day, infuse a handful or two of them into two quarts of the best White-wine, the space of half an hour, not much longer (lest with the subtle spirit, the carthy part also come forth): then take them forth, and infuse in the same Wine the same quantity of flowers; do so eight or ten times. Then put the Wine into a glass body or Gourd, and close the joints well with Lutement, and distil it in a gentle Balneo, or place your Glass over the Vapour of hot water, that so the subrill spirit only may assend. By this means you shall have a water of a most fragrant odour;  
You may distil a water strong of the vegetable out of dried herbs thus: Take of any herb dried (or seed or root if you please) a pound, put it into twelve pints of clear spring water, let it stand warm as aforesaid, then distil it in a hot Still or Alembick, to this distilled water add more dried herbs, and distil again as often as you please, till your water become like a Spirit. Or if you add White-Wine to the herb, it will be the stronger, which leads me to the distiled waters, prescribed by the College of Physicians; of one of which I shall set down the manner of distilling, and content myself in describing the virtues and quantity to be used of the rest.   


Spiritus & aqua Absynthii minus composita. The Spirit and Water of Wormwood, the lesser Composition.  
Take of the Leaves of dried Wormwood two pound, Annis seed half a pound, sleep them in six Gallons of small Wines twenty four hours, then distil them in an Alembeck, adding to every pound of the distilled water two ounces of the best Sugar. Let the two first pound you draw off be called the Spirit of Wormwood; the rest wormwood-Water the less composition. In the same manner (omitting the Anniseeds) you may distil the Spirit and Water of any herb, root, flower or seed whatsoever.   

Spiritus & aqua Absynthii magis composita. The Spirit and Water of Wormwood the greater Composition.  
Take of common and Roman Wormwood, of each a pound; Sage, Mints, Salme, of each two handful, the roots of Galanga, Ginger, Calamus Aromations, and Elitampane, of each three drachms, Liquoris one ounce, and Raisins of the Sun stoned three ounces; the seeds of Annis and sweet Fennel, of each three drachms; Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, of each two drachms; Cardamons and Cubebs, of each one drachm; let the things that are to be cut, be cut, and bruised that are to be bruised; and all of them infused in twenty four pints of Spanish Wine, for twenty four hours; then distilled in an Alembeck; add two ounces of white Sugar to every pint of distilled water. Call the first pint the Spirit of Wormwood the greater Composition. The virtues are these; it heats and strengthens the Stomach and Lungs; helps Concoction and stays Vomiting; it kills Worms in the Stomach and Belly; expels wind, mitigates the pains of the Teeth. The dose is from three drachms to half an ounce.   

Spiritus & aqua Angelicae magis Composita. The Spirit and Water of Angelica the greater Composition.  
It comforteth the heart and vital Spirits, it rarefieth and discusseth flatuous humours, it is good against Poison taken, against the Pestilence it is prevalent, and a good preservative in pestilential times, and against ill Airs. It is good against Crudities of the Stomach, and diseases of the Matrix proceeding from a cold cause. The dose is from two drachms to six.   

Spiritus Lavendalae Compositus; The Compound Spirit of Lavender.  
This is a very chargeable Spirit, and is of great efficacy against passions of the Heart, Convulsions, Cramps, Palsies, Apoplexies, and all sleepy diseases, vertigo, and comforts a cold brain. The dose is the same with the former.   

Spiritus Castorei: Spirit of Castor.  
It resisteth Poison, and is good for such as are bitten by Venomous Creatures; gives speedy delivery to Women in Travail, and easeth the Fits of the Mother. It helpeth Deasness, proceeding from stoppage, mixed with White Wine, and dropped into the Ears, It is good against the Diseases mentioned in the former. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. Give it in something that is cooler.   

Aqua Petasitidis Composita. The Water of Butter burr Compound.  
It is good against the Pestilence, and a good preservative in Pestilential Times: it gives ease to those who are shortwinded, easeth the Fits of the Mother: it dries up moist Humours in those that have Sores hard to be cured, The Dose is two, three, or four drachms in some cooling Cordial.   

Aqua Raphani Composita. Radish Water compound.  
This Water is good against obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Womb; prevaileth against the Scurvy, and cleanseth Women after their lying in. The Dose is from two drachms to half an ounce.   

Aqua Peoniae Composita. The Compound Water of Peony.  
This is very prevalent against the Falling Sickness and Convulsions. If the Fits come daily, take it Morning and Evening: If it come Weekly, take it at the New or Full Moon, the first or last Quarter: If the Disease decline, give it only at New and Full Moon. In the Fit, it is good to rub the Jaws, Nostrils, and Temples, with it. The Dose is from two drachms to six.   

Aqua Bezoartica. Or Bezoar Water.  
It withstands Melancholy, and is good for such as are in Consumptions. It strengtheneth the Heart and Vital Spirits. It is Diaphoretic, and is good in Pestilential Fevers. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm: Give it with other cooling Cordials.   

Aqua & Spiritus Lumbricorum Magistralis. The Magistral Water, and Spirit of Earthworms.  
I conceive this was composed for a Restorative for such people that have lingering Diseases, occasioned by obstruction of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys; as the Evil Habit, Hypochondriack Melancholy, Scurvy, etc. The Dose is from half an Ounce to an Ounce,   

Aqua Gentianae Composita. Gentian Water Compound.  
It is a good Preservative against the Pestilence, caseth pains in the Stomach, and helpeth Digestion, and drives out old Colds, openeth Obstructions of the Liver, easeth the pricking pains in the sides, and is good against the yellow Jaundice; it provokes the Terms, and expelleth a dead Child, or Afterbirth. The Dose is from three drachms to half an ounce.   

Aqua Gilberti, Gilberts Water.  
This Water is a very great Cordial, it strengtheneth the Heart, and reviveth languishing Nature; it may be taken from half a drachm to a drachm: it is so costly, that it is almost out of the reach of ordinary people.   

Aqua Cordialis frigida Saxoniae.  
It is a very cooling Water, and profitable in Fevers, and to allay the heat of blood, it giveth rest by sleep: You may take from two drachms to half an ounce.   

Aqua Theriacalis; Or, Treacle Water.  
This Water is of excellent virtue against the Pestilence, and other Fevers; it is a very good counterpoison, and good for those that have been bit by any venomous Creature, or such as have the French Pox: for it driveth forth all vitulent Humours from the Heart, and is a great Cordial. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce.   

Aqua Brioniae Composita; Or, Briony Water Compound.  
This Water is Hysterical, easeth the Fits of the Mother: it expelleth the Afterbirth, and provoketh women's Courses. Let Women with Child forbear it. Let those that have occasion take from half an ounce to an ounce, in the Morning, fasting.   

Aqua Caponis; Or, Capon-Water.  
It is good for such whose strength is decayed by Fevers, or other Sicknesses: it is an excellent Medicine for those that are in Consumptions, or wasted by a Fever Hectic, or Marasmus. Take from half an ounce to an ounce.   

Aqua Limacum Magistralis; Or the Magistral Water of Snails.  
It openeth Obstructions of the Lungs, and purgeth them of Phlegm, and is very good for the Consumption of the Lungs. Take half an ounce, or an ounce.   

Aqua Scordii composita; Or, Compound Water of Scordium.  
This is a good Preservative against the Pestilence, gives rest in Fevers, and is friendly to the Stomach and Womb. Take it from two drachms to half an ounce.   

Aqua Imperialis, and Aqua Mariae.  
It strengtheneth and corroborateth the Heart, and is therefore good for such as are subject to Faintings, Swoonings, and Palpitations of the Heart, and is a Preservative against Apoplexies. The Dose is from one drachm to three.   

Aqua Mirabilis.  
This is of admirable force and virtue, to preserve the Body from the Apoplexy, and all Diseases of the Nerves. It is very good against the Palsy, Convulsion, and Cramp; and is good for cold Stomaches. From two drachms to half an ounce is the Dose.   

Aqua Papaveris composita; Or, Poppy Water compound.  
It is good against Surfeits, and Fevers therefrom arising: it provoketh sleep, cooleth the blood, and concocteth the Humours. Take from half an ounce to an ounce.   

Aqua Cinnamomi, Cinnamon Water.  
It strengtheneth the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Lungs, Heart, Brain, and Nerves. It cleareth the sight; is an Antidote against Poison, and biting by venomous creatures, and is good against a stinking Breath, and nauseousness of the Stomach. It is very friendly to the Womb, and is of an attenuating, opening, digesting, and strengthening virtue. From two drachms, to six, is the usual Dose: in cold Diseases, you may take more.   

Aqua Caelestis.  
This also prevaileth against Malignant and Pestilential Fevers, restoreth such as are in Consumptions, comforteth the Heart, and reviveth drooping Spirits. It is very hot in operation: You must scarcely exceed half a drachm for the outmost Dose, without the advice of a Physician. In Fevers, mix it with cooling Juleps.   

Aqua Melissa, Bawm Water.  
It restoreth Memory lost, it maketh all the Senses acute, it strengtheneth the Heart, Brain, and Stomach: and for those who are troubled with cold Stomaches and Brain, it is a Jewel. It maketh the Heart glad, the Tongue nimble (in those who are subject to the Palsy in that Member) the Teeth white, and the Breath sweet. The Dose is from two drachms to half an ounce.   

Aqua Menthae, Mint Water.  
It cools and strengtheneth the Stomach, Liver, and Spleen, helps Concoction, breaketh Wind, and stays Vomiting. The Dose is from one drachm to three.    

Ordinary Aqua Vitae, Aniseed water, Whisky, and such like, are commonly used; and most people know they comfort a cold Stomach, and is good against hurt of Digestion, coming from a cold cause. It breaks Wind, and the like.  
Tinctures are made of any Herb, or other Simple, by first bruising them, and putting to them as much Spirit of Wine as will cover them three or four fingers; cork it up, or seal it, and let it digest in a Bath as long as you see good. If you know the virtue of the Simples, you cannot be ignorant of the Tincture.  
To make Physical Wines, is easy: Take this one for an Example; Take a handful of dried Wormwood, for every Gallon of Wine; stop it in a Vessel close, and let it remain in steep. So you may prepare a Physical Wine of any Herb, Flower, or Seed, whatsoever, either simple or compound.  
Physical Vinegars are prepared thus: Take of Red-Rose Buds, gathered in a dry time, the Whites being cut off, and dried in the shadow three or four days, one pound; Vinegar eight Sextaries: set them in the Sun forty days; then strain out the Roses, and repeat the infusion as often as you please.  
Thus may you prepare Physical-Vinegars of any Flower. As the Hot Waters and Spirits are best for cold Bodies, and hot Diseases; so on the contrary are Vinegars' best in hot Diseases, and may be externally used.  
These I thought good to add the Treatise of Distilled Waters.   

For the preparation of Distilled Waters of this nature, read Quercetanus his Dispensatory; one of which I shall here insert, having prescribed it in the afore going Books; which is his Distilled Water against spitting of blood.  
Take of the Roots of Bistort, Comphry, and Tormentil, of each one ounce; the Leaves of Knotgross, Yarrow, Speedwell, Winter Green, Sanicle, Shepherd's Purse, with its Root, of each one handful: of the tops of the Blackberry Bush, and Mastic Tree, of each half a handful: the Seeds of Sumach, Myrrles, Plantain, Barberies, and white Poppy, of each 6 drachms: the Flowers of Water-lilies, Gourds, Quinces, and Red Roses, of each two Pugils: let them be mixed, and beaten; then macerated in Balneo for the space of four days, in the Juices following, viz. Plantain, Purslane, Sorrel, and Agrimony, of each two pound: Let them be afterwards strongly pressed out; then add of the Juice of Acatia, Hypocistis, of each two Ounces: Terra Sigillata, and Bolearmenick, of each half an ounce; Electuarium Diatraganthum frigidum of each two drachms: Macerate them for four days, and distil it in Ashes till it be dry.  
Let them who are troubled with spitting of blood, or any inward Wound or Bruise, take two or three Choclearies, either by itself, or mixed with Syrup of Myrtles, dried Roses, or Syrup of Comphry; and if the Flux of Blood be very violent, give a scruple of the Tincture of Coral with it.    

CHAP. II. Of Syrups.  

OF syrups there are three sorts; syrrups made by infusion, juice and decoction; syrrups made by infusion are made of flowers, and such flowers, as soon lose both colour and strength by boiling, as Violets, Roses, Clove-gilly-flowers, Peach-flowers, etc. and they are thus made. Having picked your flowers, to every pound add three pints of water made boiling hot, put them into a Pewter-pot with a close cover, and keep it hot twelve hours. If you would make your syrup very strong, put in more fresh flowers as often as you please; having strained it out, put the liquor into a Pewter-Bason, and to every pint add two pound of fine Sugar; put it upon a Chaffin-dish of Coals, and melt it, stirring and scumming it till the Sugar be perfectly melted without boiling.  
Secondly to make a syrup of the juice of an herb, you must make choice of such herbs as are full of juice; then beat it in a stone Morter, press out the juice, put it over the fire and clarify it, (that is, scum it as long as any scum arise) then boil it till a quarter of it be consumed; to a pint of this add a pound of Sugar, boiling it to a syrup and scumming of it. You may know when it is enough if you cool a little in a spoon. After this manner you may make syrup of Wormwood simple, of Betony, bugloss, borage, Chamomell, Carduus, Endive, Succory, Strawberryes, Funtitory, ground Jvy, St. Johns-wort, Mercury, Mouscare, Plantain, Purslane, Apples, Raspberies, Sage, Scabius, Scordium, Housleek, Colts-foot, and suchlike; and when you have done so, and would know what they are good for, see the virtue of the Simples.  
Thirdly, Syrrups made by decoction, for the most part are compounds; though you may make Syrrups of Simples by decoction: the operation is thus; Take of what herb, root, flower, or seed you please, and bruise it a little, if you make a Syrup of roots, or wherein there are many roots, let the roots macerate in the water twenty four hours; then add the herbs, and the rest, and boil it, till half the water he consumed, then let it stand; and when it is almost cold, strain it through an hypoeras-bag without pressing: to every pint of the decoction, add one pound of Sugar, and boil it till it comes to the thickness of a Syrup or new honey. After this manner, the most part of the Syrrups following are made, except they be made of flowers or juices. Take this for an example: Take of common Wormwood meanly dry, half a pound, red Roses two ounces, Indian spicknard three drachms, old White-wine, and juice of Quinces, of each two pound and an half, steep them a whole day in an Earthen Vessel, then boil them gently, strain it, and adding two pound of Sugar, boil it into a Syrup according to art.  
This Syrup is very good for cold and Phlegmatic Stomaches, it helpeth concoction, strengtheneth the Stomach and Liver, provokes an Appetite, breaks wind, and is good against the Jaundice: the dose is from one ounce to three.   


Syrupus Acetousus, simplex vel compositus; Syrup of Vinegar, simple or compound.  
These Syrups cut Phlegm and tough Humours, they cool the body, quench thirst, and ease any stuffing in the Stomach, and are good to prepare the body for a Vomit, especially the first; if you use it so, take from one ounce to two or three; in other cases take it with a Liquorish stick.   

Syrupus de Agno Casto; Or Syrup of Agnus Castus.  
I conceive by its composition it was intended to prevent immoderate Lechery, and nocturnal pollutions; for without doubt it drieth and cooleth the natural seed, thereby restraining venereal thoughts; for my part I can say nothing of it by experience.   

Syrupus de althaea; Syrup of Marsh mallows.  
This is a fine cooling, opening, slippery syrup; good against the pains of the Stone, Gravel, or Colic. You may give an ounce or two; it is so safe and harmless, you cannot err in the giving of it.   

Syrupus de Ammoniaco; Syrup of Ammoniacum.  
It opens Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and cools the parts, and helps all diseases arising from their Obstructions and heat; as Scabs, Itch, Leprosy and such like. You may take an ounce or more if you see occasion.   

Syrupus de Artemisia; Syrup of Mugwort.  
It helps the coldness, wind, pains, and all other diseases of the Womb; it strengthens the Nerves, corrects the blood, opens the pores, and provokes the Terms. You may take an ounce at a time, or from half an ounce to two.   

Syrupus de Betonica compositus; The compound Syrup of Betony.  
It is good against diseases in the Head and Stomach proceeding of Cold and Wind, Vertigoes, and Madness; it concocteth Melancholy, and provokes the Terms. The dose is from half an ounce to two.   

Syrupus Bizantius, Simple and compound.  
It strengtheneth and freeth the Liver from Obstructions and diseases thence proceeding, cures the Yellow-Jaundise, cuts tough Phlegm; and is good against the Rickets. Take it with a Liquorish stick: or from half an ounce to two.   

Syrupus Botryos; Syrup of Oak of Jerusalem.  
This Syrup is commended in the Asthma, and cold diseases of the breast, Coughs, and shortness of breath. Take it with a Liquoris stick.   

Syrupus Capillorum Veneris; Syrup of Maidenhair.  
This strengthens the Stomach and Lungs, and helps their infirmities; it also cleanseth the Reins of Gravel; for the first, take it with a Liquoris stick; for the last, give an ounce or two.   

Syrupus Cardiacus, a Cordial Syrup.  
It comforts the Heart, and revives drooping Spirits; it is good for people in Consumptions, it is of an opening quality, and expels those Vapours, which offend the Brain. Take it from one ounce to three.   

Syrupus infusionis Caryophillorum, Syrup of Clove Gillyflowers.  
This Syrup is good in any Fever Pestilential, or not: it strengtheneth the Heart, Liver, and Stomach, and refresheth the Vital Parts. The Dose is from half an ounce, to an ounce and an half. It is so harmless, you cannot err in the taking of it.   

Syrupus de Cinnamomo, Syrup of Cinnamon.  
It strengtheneth the whole Body, and helpeth Digestion, and comforteth the Stomach and Womb, and cheereth the Spirits. Take one ounce in a Cordial.   

Syrupus aceto sitatis Citriorum, Syrup of the Juice of Citrons.  
This Syrup hath a refrigerating, cutting, attenuating, penetrating faculty; it allays Choler, and tempers the heat of the Heart, cools the blood, and is therefore good against Fevers, Pestilential or not? small Pox, or Measils; it resisteth Poison. The Dose is from one ounce to four.   

Syrupus corticum citriorum, Syrup of Citron Pills.  
It is of a most grateful savour, and most pleasant odour; it strengtheneth the Stomach, Liver, and Heart, amends the heat of them, and resisteth Palpitations, Faintings, Swoonings: it strengtheneth the Vitals, is profitable in Consumptions, and Hectic Foavers. The Dose is from one ounce to two.   

Syrupus è corralliis simplex & compositus. The Syrup of Coral, simple and compound.  
It refrigerateth, drieth, and astringeth; it stayeth the immoderate Monthly Flux, and the Whites, the Dysentery, all Fluxes of Blood: it is good in the Falling Sickness; it strengtheneth Nature, profitable for such who have Hectic Fevers, or Consumptions, The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce.   

Syrupus Cydoniorum, Syrup of Quinces.  
It is the best to strengthen the Stomach, and to help the cold distemper of the Liver: it helps Concoction, and provokes an appetite: it helps Vomiting, and is good against a Flux, if it be without a Fever. The Dose is from one ounce to two; take it in the morning. For a Looseness, take an ounce before M●at; for Vomiting, an ounce after Meat.   

Syrupus de Erysimo, Syrup of Hedge-Mustard.  
It prevaileth against cold afflictions of the Breast and Lungs; as Coughs, Astmaches, Hoarseness, and the like: Use it with a Liquoris Stick; or take an ounce, with two or three ounces of some Pectoral Decoction in the Morning.   

Syrpus de Fumaria, Syrup of Fumitory.  
It concocteth Melancholy, and freeth the Blood of such Humours as cause Scabs, Itch, Leprosy, Tetters, Ringworms, Cancers, Corns, Warts, etc. It openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and is sovereign in the Hypochrondriack Melancholy: it cooleth the Liver, and cleanseth the blood. The Dose is from one ounce to three.   

Syrupus Glycyrrhiza. Syrup of Liquoris.  
It helps Coughs, and is good against Plurifies; for it cleanseth the Breast and Lungs. Take it as Syrup of Hedge-Mustard.   

Oxy-Saccharum Simplex, Syrup of Pomegranates with Vinegar.  
It is many times used in the small Pox and Measuls, by reason of the Vinegar; it cutteth and attenuateth 〈◊〉 Humours, it restraineth Choler, and mitigates its heat. The Dose is from two ounces to four.   

Syrupus de Hysopo, Syrup of Hyssop.  
It hath a notable Faculty of cutting, and expectorating tough Humours out of the Breast and Lungs, and to strongthen the parts. It prepareth and expelleth Salt and Phlegmatic Humours in the Urine, which causeth heat and pain in those parts. For the first, take it with a Liquoris stick. For the last, the Dose is from half an ounce, to two ounces.   

Syrupus Jvae arthriticae, sive Chamaepityos. Syrup of Chamepitys, or Ground-Pine.  
It is good against the Fits of the Mother, procureth women's Courses, expelleth the dead Child; let Women with Child forbear it. It is good against the Strangury, or stoppage of Urine, openeth obstructions of the Liver and Spseen. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce.   

Syrupus Jujubinus, Syrup of Jujubes.  
It halpeth Diseases of the Trachaea Arteria, occasioned by sharp and dry Humours, for it is cooling and moistening: it helps Hoarseness, Coughs, Pleurisies. It is good against Ulcers of the Lungs, or Bladder, or any inflammation. Take it with a Liquoris Stick, or take half an ounce, or an ounce, as oft as you please.   

Syrupus de Meconio, vel Diacodium, & de Meconio, compositus. Syrup of Meconium, or Diacodium, and of Meconium, compound.  
It prevails against dry Coughs, Ptisick, hot and sharp gnawing Rheums, and provokes sleep: but beware of giving it to provoke sleep in the beginning of a Fever, or the body being costive. The Dose is from half an ounce to two.   

Syrupus Melissophylli, Syrup of Bawm.  
It is cordial, strengtheneth the Heart, Breast, and Stomach, cheers the Spirits, and resisteth Melancholy: it helps them that languish, strengtheneth Memory, and is good in Fevers. The Dose is from half an ounce to two.   

Syrupus de Mentha, Syrup of Mint.  
This Syrup strengtheneth the Stomach, helpeth Digsstion, stays Vomiting, and sour Beleching. The Dose is from one ounce to three.   

Syrupus de Mucilaginibus, Syrup of Musilages.  
It is a fine Remedy against the Ptisick, Bloody Flux, Stone in the Reins or Bladder, or Ulcers there, or sharp corroding Humours there, or in any part of of the body, and is of great virtue for those who have taken Physic too strong and corroding. Yake one ounce or two: sometimes it is lawful to give four or five.   

Syrupus Myrtinus, Syrup of Myrtles.  
It is of a comforting and astringent Nature: it helpeth all Fluxes, and spitting of blood, and strengtheneth the retentive Faculty of the Stomach. An Ounce or two is the Dose.   

Syrupus Florum Nymphae, simplex & compositus. Syrup of Water Lilly-flowers, simple and compound.  
It allayeth the heat of Choler, cooleth the Head, Heart, Liver, Reins, Matrix, and allayeth all hot Diseases, and provokes sleep.   

Syrupus de Papavere Erratico, Syrup of Erratic Poppies.  
This Syrup cools the blood, and may be safely given, with moderation, in Surfeits, Fevers, Frenzies, and hot Agues. The Dose is from half an ounce to an ounce.   

Syrupus de Pilosella, Syrup of Mouse-Ear.  
It is an astringent and hearing Syrup, good for the cure of a Rupture, and necessary to be used by wounded people. The Dose is from half an ounce to two.   

Syrupus Florum Paeoniae, vel de Paeonia compositus: Syrup of Peony Flowers, or the compound Syrup of Peony.  
It is good against the Falling-Sickness, Convulsion, and such like infirmities. The usual Dose is an Ounce.   

Syrupus de Pomis Alterans, Syrup of Apples.  
It cools the Heart and Stomach, helps palpitation, breeds good blood, profitable in Hectic, and other Fevers, quencheth Thirst. You may take an Ounce in the Morning.   

Syrupus de Prasio, Syrup of horehound.  
It cleanseth the Lungs from thick and putrified Phlegm: it is good against the Ptisick, and Cough, in ancient people, or such as are of cold Natures. Take it with Liquoris stick.   

Syrupus de quinque Radicibus, Syrups of the five opening Roots.  
It openeth the Obstructions of the Liver & Spleen, and more especially of the Reins: it is good against the Stone, if you mix it with Syrup of Maidenhair: it is of great virtue, in preparing Phlegmatic and tough Humours, and is profitable in the beginning of Fevers. The Dose is from one Ounce to four.   

Syrupus Raphani, or Syrup of Rhadishes.  
It breaks the stone of the Kidneys, and cleanseth the part, it provokes Urine and women's Purgations, and is profitable against the stone in the Bladder. The Dose is from one Ounce to three.   

Syrupas Regius, vel Julepium Alexandrinum: Julep of Alexandrina.  
It is profitable in Summer time for such bodies, which abound with Chollers; for it allayeth the heat, and evacuateth it, and is convenient to prepare it against Purging. The Dose is from two Ounces, to five.   

Syrupus de Rosis siccis, Or Syrup of Dried Roses.  
It strengtheneth and comforteth the Heart and Vital Spirits helps Fluxes and Corrosions, and gnawing in the Guts; strengtheneth the Stomach, and stays Vomiting. Take it as Syrup of Quinces.   

Syrupus Scabiosae, Syrup of Scabius.  
It freeth the Breast and Lungs of Phlegm and Crudities; it easeth Stirches in the sides, and is good against inward Imposthumes. The Dose is from one Ounce to three.   

Syrupus de Scolopendria, Syrup of Harts-Tongue.  
It opens the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, prepares Melancholy, and is good against the Quartan Ague, and the Rickets. The Dose is from half an Ounce to two Ounces.   

Syrupus de Staechade, Syrup of Staethas.  
It strengtheneth the Brain, and corrects the cold distemper thereof: it is of excellent virtue in the Palsy, Convulsion, etc. coming of cold Causes. The Dose is from one ounce to three.   

Syrupus de Symphyto, Syrup of Comphry.  
It helps spitting of Blood, the Ulcer of the Reins, stops the immoderate Flux of the Menstrues, all inward Wounds and Bruises, and healeth the Rupture. From one ounce to four is the Dose.   

Syrupus Violarum, Syrup of Violets.  
It cools and moisteneth; it corrects the sharpness of Choler, quencheth Thirst in hot Fevers, and cooleth the Heart and Liver, comforts hot Stomaches, resisteth putrefaction, the Pestilence and Poison. The Dose is from one ounce to four.   

Syrupus de Portulaca, Syrup of Purflane.  
It is cooling and good for all hot Diseases of the Stomach, Liver, Reins, and Bladder: it cools the Blood, quencheth Thirst, provokes sleep, and thickens thin Humours. The Dose is from one Ounce to three.   

Syrupus Tussilaginis compositus, The Compound of Syrup Coltsfoor.  
It holps the infirmities and weakness of the Lungs; as difficulty of breathing, want of Voice, Hoarseness, Coughs, Catarrhs, etc. Take it with a Liquoris Stick, or an Ounce or two thereof, in some Pectoral Decoction.   

Syrupus de Eupatorio, Syrup of Eupatorium.  
It hath an opening Faculty, but purgeth not; it opens the Obstructions of the Liver, and correcteth the cold Distemper thereof, helps the Dropsy, and evil state of the Body, provokes Urine, and is good against the Hypochondriack Melancholy. The Dose is from one Ounce to three.    

Purging Syrups.  

Syrupus de Cichorio cum Rhabarbaro, Syrup of Succory, with Rhubarb.  
It purgeth the body of Choleric and venomous Humours, it cleanseth the Liver, it evacuatech by stool and urine. The Dose is from one Ounce to two.   

Syrupus de Epithymo; Or, Syrup of Epithymum.  
It prepareth and purgeth Melancholy, or adult Humours, and Scabs, Itch, etc. It strengtheneth the stomach, and Liver. Take it as Syrup of Fumitory.   

Syrupus è Floribus Persicorum, Syrup of Peach Flowers.  
It gently purgeth Choler, and may be given in Fevers, to evacuate the sharp and Choleric Humours. It is good against Wounds in Children. Take from half an Ounce to two.   

Syrupus de Pomis, Purgans & Magistralis, Syrup of Apples, Purging and Magistcal.  
Both of them purge, cool, and rectify the Distempers of the blood, and free it from Choler and Melancholy; it is good against the yellow and black Jaundice, Madness, Scurf, Scabs, and Itch, The Dose is from one Ounce to three.   

Syrupus de Rhabarbaro, Syrup of Rhubarb.  
This is a gentle Purge, fitting for Children, ancient People, and such as are very weak: it purgeth Choler and Melancholy. An Ounce a weak body may take.   

Syrupus Rosaceus Solativus, & è Succo rosarum, Syrup of Roses Sclutive, and of the Juice of Roses.  
It looseneth the Belly, and gently bringeth out Choler and Phlegm. The Dose is from two Ounces to five.   

Syrupus Rosaceus Solutivus cum Agarico; Syrup of Roses Solutive, with Agarick.  
It purgeth Phlegm more powerfully than the former, frees the head thereof, and relieves the Senses oppressed by it: it purgeth the Stomach and Liver, provokes Urine and the Terms. The Dose is from an Ounce to two.   

Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Helleboro: Syrup of Roses solutive, with Hellebore.  
It purgeth Melancholy, and resisteth Madness. The Dose is from half an Ounce to an Ounce.   

Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Sena: Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna.  
It purgeth Choler and Melancholy, and leaves a binding quality behind it. The Dose is from one ounce to two.   

Syrupus de Spina Cervina, Syrup of Purging Thorns.  
It is good against the Dropsy. The Dose is an ounce.    

Syrups made with Vinegar and Honey.  

Mel Authosatum, Honey of Rosemary Flowers.  
IT is good against all infirmities of the Head, arising from a cold and moist cause: it dries the Brain, quickens the Senses and Memory, and strengtheneth the Nervous parts: it helps all cold Diseases of the Head, Stomach, Liver, and Belly. It is good against the Dumb Palsy, Lethargy, etc. and all cold Rheums falling into the Eyes. See the virtues of Rosemary Flowers. The Dose is from half an Ounce to an Ounce.   

Mell Helleboratum, Honey Helleborated.  
It purgeth Melancholy, and Scabs, Itch, etc. it is good against the Quartan Ague, Madness, the Dropsy, Sciatica, Gout, Cramp, etc. An Ounce is the Dose. Be careful in the taking of such Medicnes, without good advice.   

Mel Mercuriale, Honey of Mercury.  
It is good in Emollient Clysters.   

Mel Nuceum, Honey of Nuts.  
It is a very good Medicine for such as have weak Stomaches and Defluxions: it is a great preservative against the Plague. Take an Ounce in the Morning.   

Mel Passulatum, Honey of Raisins.  
It maketh the body soluble, comforteth weak stomaches, and is a very nourishing thing for people in Consumptions. You cannot err in taking of it.   

Mel Mororum, Honey of Mulberries.  
It is very good for sore Mouths and Throats, and for heat and inflammation there, mixed with a little Plantain Water: it is good for sore mouths in children.   

Mel Rosatum soliatum, sive colatum; Common Honey of Roses or strained.  
They are both used for Diseases of the Mouth, as the former.   

Mel Rosatum solutivum; Honey of Roses solutive.  
It is used to cleanse Wounds, and is a good Laxative in Clysters.   

Mel Scilliticum, Honey of Squils'.  
It is very effectual against divers distempers of the Head, viz. Falling Sickness, Headache, Dissinesse: it drives away an old Cough, cleanseth the Breast and Bowels very gently; and some say, it leaveth nothing offensive in the body. The Dose is half an Ounce, to an Ounce and an half.   

Oxymel simplex, Simple Oxymel.  
It is good to cut and attenuate Humours, and to open Obstructions, provokes gentle Vomiting in some: It is good to expectorate, and to prepare tough Phlegm against the taking of a Vomit. Take it from one ounce to two.   

Oxymel Compositus, Oxymel compound.  
Use this, if you find the former too weak to expectorate viscuous Humours; it is good also in the Asthma, stoppage of the Pipes, and in the Pleurisy. The Dose is from half an Ounce to two.   

Oxymel Helleboratum, Oxymel Helleborated.  
It strongly evacuateth Phlegm, Melancholy, and tough and viscuous Humours. The Dose is from half an Ounce to an Ounce, for strong people only.   

Oxymel Julianizans.  
It is good against the hypocondriac Melancholy, and the Rickets; for it is a fine opening Medicine. Take an Ounce, two, or three.   

Oxymel Scilliticum simplex, the simple Oxymel of Squils'.  
It cuts and divides tough and viscuous Humours, frees the Stomach and Bowels of such humours, and helps sour Belchings. The Dose is an Ounce for a man.   

Oxymel Scilliticum compositum, the compound Oxymel of Squils'.  
This is used when easier Medicines cannot expectorate. It is good against the Falling sickness, Megrim, Vertigo, swimming, and pain in the head, and cleanseth the Stomach, Lungs, and Women after their lying in. The Dose is from half an Ounce to an Ounce.    

To these I add these following Syrups of Quercetanus, which I have sometimes quoted in the former Book; whose manner of preparation (if rightly understood) and virtues, excelleth most extant.  

Syrupus de Peto, simplex & compositus; Syrup of Tobacco, simple and compound.  
Take of the Juice of Tobacco four pound, Simple Hydromel one pound, Simple Oxymel four Ounces: put them into a Glass Vessel of a fit bigness, that one 4th part be full. Let them digest in Balneo Mariae, for the spaco of 2 or 3 days, till the thickest fall to the bottom: then pour of the clearest and purest of the Juice, and digest it again as before, till no impurity remain therein: then put to it of white Sugar two pound, and boil it to a Syrup.  
The compound Syrup is thus made: Take of the Juice so digested as before, two pound and an half; Simple Hydromel, one pound: In which macerate, for the space of 2 or 3 days, these Simples following, Hyssop, Maidenhair, and Wall-Rue, of each half a handful; the flowers of Colt's foot, Staechas, Violets, and Bugloss, of each two Pugils; the seeds of Cudweed, Nettles, Carduus Benedictus, of each one Ounce: the Leaves of Sena, three Ounces; Agarick trochiscated, one Ounce; Cinnamon, Mace and Cloves, of each one drachm: then press it out strongly, and let it be digestod, to separate the pure from the impure; add its equal weight in Sugar, and boil it to a Syrup. This Syrup rightly made, is of excellent use, and its violent, acrimonious, and venomous quality is taken away; yet it powerfully provokes Vomiting, and is excellent against Asthmas, and all Diseases of the Lungs, proceeding from cold and gross Humours; as old Coughs, and difficulty of breathing. The Dose is from one Ounce to two.  
His Syrup of Cinnamon prepared, with the Spirit of Wine, is thus made: Take of Cinnamon 2 or three Ounces, or more if you please: grossly bruise it, and put it into a Glass Vessel, pouring upon it the Spirit of Wine, as much as may cover it 3 or 4 fingers, cover it close, and let it stand in a cool place, till the Spirit of Wine hath drawn the Virtue and Tincture of the Cinnamon: then pour it off clear. To every 8 Ounces of the Liquor, add 3 or 4 Ounces of white Sugar finely powdered: then put it over a fire, and dissolve the Sugar: then set the Spirit of Wine on fire, with a lighted paper, stirring it with a large Spatula and all the Spirits of Wine will fly away, and the Syrup remain. Or if you please, a little before the spirit is consumed, put it out by covering it close with a silver Bason, that the Air come not at it: by this means the Syrup will be the better. This Syrup is of a grateful relish, and a Medicine inferior to none, in Diseases of the Heart; as Palpitations, Swoonings, etc. against Weakness, Crudities, Windiness of the Stomach. The Dose is half a Cochleary.  
His Syrup of ground-ivy is thus made: Take of the Juice of ground-ivy, or Alle-hoof, two pound and an half: digest and purify it in Balneo Mariae, as you are taught before; the Juice being perfectly cleansed, add to it of Sugar one pound; of Penids, 4 Ounces; and boil it into a Syrup. It is a very sovereign Medicine for the Prisick, Ulcer in the Lungs, and for a Consumption, caused by any defect in that part.     

CHAP. III. Of Decoctions and Juices.  

DEcoctions are made of Roots, Leaves, Flowers, Seeds, Fruits, or Barks, conducing to the Cure of any Disease. Decoctions principally aim at such Diseases as lie in the passages; as the Stomach, Bowels, Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder. If they be made of White Wine, they will last the longer, and are more penetrating, then if they be made of Water. If you make your Decoction with Roots, Leaves, Flowers, etc. Boil the Roots first, as I told you in boiling of Compound Liquors. Such things as make the decoction slimy, you may tie up in a Rag. You may sweeten it with Sugar, Honey, Sugar-Candy, or Syrups suitable to the Distemper aimed at: and to make it keep the longer, stop it up close in a Glass, or Stone-Bottle, and keep it in a cool place.   


Decoctum Epithymi: Or, a Decoction of Epithymum.  
Take of common Myrabolans, Chebula, and Indica, of each half an Ounce: Staechas, Raisins of the Sun stoned, Epithimum and Sena, of each one Ounce; Fumitory half an Ounce, Maudlin five drachms, Polypodium fix drachms, Turbith half an Ounce, Whey made of the milk of a Gait, or Heifer, four pound. Let them all boil, (the Epithymum excepted) to two pound; the Epithymum must boil but a walm or two, then take it from the fire, and add black Hellebore one drachm and an half; Agarick half a drachm: Salgemone, a drachin and an half, steep them ten hours, and strain it out.  
It purgeth Melancholy, and adust choler, and is a sovereign remedy against all diseases caused by Melancholy. The dose is four ounces.   

Decoctum Sennae; The Detoction of Senna.  
This also purgeth melancholy, and is good for weak people, and the dose is the same with the former: for the most part other purging medicines are mixed with it, and in so doing, you may purge any humour.   

Decoctum pectorale; A pectoral Decoction.  
This is good against a Cough, Asthma, Hoarseness, it cleareth the voice, and is good against all diseases of the Lungs. The dose is the same.   

Decoctum commune pro Clystere; A common decoction for a Clyster, and a carminative Decoction.  
These both serve for Clysters: to them you may add Oils, Syrups, purging Electuaries, as necessity requireth.   

Lac virgineum: It was invented for proud Ladies and Wenches to clear their faces of Sun-burning, Freckles, Pimples, and such like deformities.    

To preserve the juice of any herb or fruit, take these few rules; First gather the herb when it is very dry, then beat it, and press out the juice. Secondly, you must clarify It over the fire, till no more scum will arise. Thirdly, boil it to the thickness of honey, and (when it is cold) put it up into a pot or glass for your use. This is called Rob or Sapa, when you find the word Rob or Sapa simply, without any relation of what it should be made, know it is the juice of the white grape. I shall insert none of them, nor their virtues, but refer them to the virtue of the simple, out of which Rob, Sapa, or juice, is extracted.    

CHAP. IU. Of lohoch's.  

LOhoch is an Arabic word, the Greeks call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eclegma; the Latins Linctas, viz: a thing to be licked. It is thicker than a syrup, and not so thick as an Electuary. It's used generally against diseases in the breast and Lungs: and the manner of taking of it, is with a Liquoris stick. The manner of making it, is thus; Take of any pectoral herbs, or ingredients, make a decoction, then add twice its weight of Honey or Sugar, and boil it to a Lohoch. Some are made of the pulp of fruits, roots, and seeds; if there be gums in them they must be dissolved. If you would know the manner of making each of them particularly, you must peruse the London dispensatory.   


Lohoch de farfara. The Lohoch of Coltsfoot.  
Take of Colts-foot roots cleansed, eight ounces, Marsh-Mallow roots four ounces, boil them in a sufficient quantity of water, and press the pulp through a sieve, dissolve it again in the decoction; and let it boil once or twice, then take it from the fire, and add two pound of white Sugar, Honey of Raisins fourteen ounces, juice of Liquoris two drachms and an half, stir them well with a wooden pestle, sprinkling in of Saffron and Cloves in Powder, of each one scruple; Cinnamon and Maze, of each two scruples, make them into a Lohoch according to Art. It is good for a Cough and roughness of the Windpipe.   

Lohoch de papavere; Lohoch of Poppys.  
It is good against salt humours, and sharp distillations upon the Lungs: it it very good in Fevers, accompanied with want of sleep; it is of great use in a Pleurisy; and allays the sharpness of the humours, which cause roughness of the throat.   

Lohoch è passulis; A Lohoch of Raisins.  
This is a fine medicine for Children, and is good not only against Coughs and Consumptions of the Lungs; but also against Convulsions and falling sickness.   

Lohoch è pino; A Lohoch of Pine-nuts.  
It succours such as are Asthmatick, helps continual Coughs, and difficulty of breathing: it cuts and attenuates tough humours in the breast.   

Lohoch è portulaca; A Lohoch of Purslane:  
It is good against inward bruises or wounds in the Lungs or those parts; for such as spit blood: it is very binding.   

Lohoch è pulmone vulpis; A Lohoch of Fox-Lungs.  
It is very good in Phthisicks, cleanseth and healeth Ulcers in the Lungs.   

Lohock Sanum & Expertum, a sound and well experienced Lohoch.  
It is good in cold Distempers of the Breast and Lungs, and attenuates thick and gross Humours there: No better Romedy for those who have lost their Tongues by Cold.   

Lohoc Scilliticum. a Lohoch of Squils'.  
It hath the same virtue with Oxymel of Squils', but more gentle; it helps Asthmas, and difficulty of Breathing; it carries away all offensive Humours from the Breast and Lungs, and thereby furthers Digestion.   

Lohoch Caulium, a Lohoch of Coleworts.  
It opens Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and is thought to be good against the Rickets: it cuts, attenuares, and concocts the thick and viscuous Humours in the Breast, Stomach, and Bowels of Children.   

To these I add one of Quercetans' Lohoches: Take of the Roots of Marshmallows well cleansed half a pound, or as much as you please: boil it till it be tender in common Hydromel; then beat it well, and rub it through a Sieve; of which take two Ounces of the Species Diarragacanthi, and Diaireos, of each three drachms: of white Sugar, and Penies, of each half an ounce: Flos Sulphuris rightly prepared, two drachms● Syrup of Maidenhair, and Coltsfoot, of each as much as sufficeth; bring it into the form of a Lohoch, and take it with a Liquoris Stick.  
It is an excellent Remedy (saith he) against all inveterate Coughs, whether they have their Original from a hot or cold cause: against the Asthma, Ptysick, stoppage of the Pipes, and all other Diseases of the Lungs; it maturates the Pleurisy, and causes it to be spit up.     

CHAP. V Preserves, Conserves, Sugars, and Lozenges.  

Preserves are made of Roots, Barks, Fruits, and Flowers: And first of Roots; Take of what Root you please, scrape it very clean, and if there be any Pith therein take it out; boil them in Spring Water (or in Rose-Water, if you can afford it) till they be soft: then take them out, and to a pint of the Liquor add a pound of white Sugar, boil it to the thickness of a Syrup: then put in the Root, and let it boil a little, then put it into a glass, or a glassed pot, and keep it for your use. So you may preserve the Roots of Angelica, Acorus, Borage, Bugloss, Succory, Elecampane, Eringo, Ginger, Burnel, Satyrion, Comphry, Zedoary, the stalks of Artichokes, Angelica, Burrs, Lettuce, etc. before they be quite ripe; making this difference, that whereas before you took out the Pith of the Roots, you must of these make use of none but the Pith.  
In like manner you may preserve Barks; as Citron Pills, the Pills of Lemons and Or anges, and the green Rind of Walnuts, viz. Take of the exterior, or outmost yellow skin; then boil it as before, till it be tender, make a Syrup, and preserve it.  
You may preserve Fruits as you did the former, viz. Pare and quarter them, and take out the Oore; boil them till they be tender, and do as you are before taught.  
Another way is this: Pate, quarter, and take out the Core of some; of others pull off the outward skin, and pull out the stones: take their weight in Sugar and dissolve it, put in the fruits and let them boil a little. Thus may you preserve Apples, Pears, Quinces, Apricocks, Plums, Peaches, Citrons, Myrabolans, Nutmegs, Grapes, Barberryes, Cherries, Kernels, etc. or of any of these fruits you may preserve the pulp, by boiling them till they be tender, then pulp them through a Sieve: boil the pulp gently till the water be consumed, then add its equal weight in Sugar, and boil it to its due thickness. Though flowers are seldom, yet they may be preserved thus: Take a glass, broad both at the top and bottom, first cover the bottom of the glass with fine Sugar; then cover the Sugar with the flowers you would preserve, lay them even and smooth, then cover them with Sugar, and that again with flowers, till your glass be full; Tie a Paper over the top, and you will have a pleasant preserve.  
The virtue of Preserves you may easily gather, if you consider the nature of the root, stalk, fruit, bark or flower preserved; they are of great use in physic, and many times welcome to sick people; but are most commonly used at banquets,   

Conserves.  
Conserves are made either of herbs or flowers: if you make your conserve of herbs, you must take only the tender tops and leaves; and beat them in a stone Morter, when they are beaten pretty small, add to them their triple weight in Sugar, beat them very well, you cannot beat them too much till (if you eat it) it feels not rough in your mouth: then put it into earthen pots well glazed, and keep it for your use.  
Conserves of flowers are done in the same manner, only remember to do them whilst they are fresh, pick them clean, and cur off the whites.  
I shall say no more of Conserves, but leave the virtue and use of them to the ingenious.   

Lozenges.  

Diacodium Solidum, sive Tabulatum.  
Take of white Poppy heads meanly ripe, and newly gathered, in number twenty, steep them in three pints of warm Spring-water, the next day boil them till the virtue is our, then strain out the Liquor, and with a sufficient quantity of good Sugar, boil it according to art, that you may make it into Lozenges. They are good against thin humours distilling from the head upon the Lungs, Stomach and Throat: they provoke sleep, and cool the body in Fevers.   

Saccharum Tabulatum simplex & periatum.  
Lozenges of Sugar simple and pearled, commonly called manus Christi.  
It is cooling and very Cordial, and therefore is good in Fevers, and for weak people, who are subject to Hectic Feavets and Consumptions.   

Saccharum Tabulatum Compositum. Lozenges of Sugar compound.  
Is is very good for cold Stomaches, and it frees the Stomach of Choler and Phlegm; and is good against Worms.   

Saccharum Penidium, Sugar Penies'.  
For the most part they are used in other Compositions, of themselves they are good against Coughs.   

Saccharum Rosatum, Sugar of Roses.  
They strengthen weak Stomaches, easeth pains in the Head, restoreth loft strength, they cherish a weak Brain, and comfort drooping Spirits; stay vomiting and pissing of blood; they are convenient for people in Consumptions, to carry them in their pockets, and now and then cat a bit of them: In like manner are all the rest to be taken.     

CHAP. VI Of Troches.  

THey are also called Placentule, or little Cakes; they were invented principally to keep Powders from losing their virtue, by the intromission of the air, which this Form doth resist, and keep it pure the longer. Besides, they are convenient for a man to carry about him when he traveleth; their form, for the most part, is little, round, and flat. The general way of making them is thus: Take what quantity of Gum Tragacanth you please, the like quantity of Rose-water, or any other fuitable to the Distemper you aim at; put it in a Galley pot, and cover it, in six or seven hours the Gum will be turned into Musilage, with which you may make any fine Powder into Paste; with the Paste you may make Troches, or little Cakes, and print what you please upon them. Then dry them in the shadow, and keep them for your use.   


Trochisci de absynthio, Troches of Wormwood are thus made.  
Take of the Leaves of Red-Roses, Wormwood, and Annis-seeds, of each two drachms; Juice of Maudlin made thick, the Roots of Asarabacca, Rhubarb, Spicknard, Smallage seeds, Bitter Almonds, Mastic, Mace, of each one drachm; Juice of Succory, as much as is sufficient to make Troches. They strengthen the Stomach, and provoketh an appetite, open Obstructions of the Liver and Bowels, and carry away Watery and Choleric Humours. The frequent use of these Troches will be beneficial to such as are inclinable to the Jaundice or Dropsy. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm and an half.   

Agaricus Trochiscatus, Agarick Trochiscated.  
They purge Phlegm and Choler mixed, and free the Head and Brain thereof; purge gross and viscous Humours from the Stomach. They are seldom or never used alone, therefore I forbear the Dose.   

Trochisci Albi, the white Troches.  
They are cooling and drying and of great virtue, if a drachm of them be finely powdered, and mixed with an Injection for the Yard ulcerated.   

Trochisci Alexiterii, Troches against Poison.  
They are good against all Pestilential and Epidemical Diseases, and a good Preservative in Pestilential Times; and they strengthen the Heart. Take a little now and then.   

Trochisci Alhandal.  
It powerfully purgeth gross Humours from the exterior parts; it is good in the Palsy, sleepy Disease, Apoplexy, and Convulsion, coming from a cold cause. The Dose is from two grains to four. It is violent, and best mixed with other milder Medicines, or given in a Clyster.   

Trochisci Aliptae Moschatae.  
They are commended for Children that cannot swallow their Milk well. The Dose is from two grains to six, given in Breast-milk. Others say it is very good for Barren Women, taken inwardly and outwardly, mixed with a Plaster for the Womb. It is very dear, and good for Ladies.   

Trochisci Alchelengi, Troches of Winter Cherries.  
They are a good Medicine to allay the heat of Urine, and give ease in Ulcers of the Reins, Bladder, and passage of the Urine, and is good against the Stone. The Dose is from half a drachm to two drachms.   

Trochisci Bechici, Albi & Nigri, Pectoral Rolls, white and black.  
They are very good for a Cough and Hoarseness, The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Trochisci de Berberis, Troches of Barberies.  
They are very good in any Flux, cooling in Fevers, and allay unnatural heat in any part. The Dose is from half a drachm to two.   

Trochisci de Camphora, Troches of Camphire.  
They are good in Burning Fevers, against the heat of Blood and Choler, and against the hot distemper of the Stomach and Liver, or any other part, against the Jaundice, Hectic Fevers, etc. The best way is to take a little often.   

Trochisci de Capparibus, Troches of Capers.  
They are very profitable against schirrhous Tumours in the Spleen, and openeth Obstructions of the Liver, and are good against the Hypochondriack Melancholy. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Trochisci de Carabe; Or, Troches of Amber.  
They are good to stop fluxes of blood in any part of body. The Dose is from one scruple to four.   

Trochisci Cypheos.  
It is used in Treacle and Mithridate: It is good against Ulcers in the Lungs, and other parts of the body.   

Trochisci de Eupaterio, Troches of Maudlin.  
These Troches are good against the Jaundice, and the Dropsy, and is good in any Tumour in the Liver or Splean.   

Trochisci Galliae Moschatae.  
They strengthen the Womb, the Brain, Heart, Animal and Vital Spirit.   

Trochisci Gordonii.  
They are good against any inward Ulcers, or Ulcers of the Yard, and to cool the body in Fevers. Take half a drachm with Syrup of Marshmallows.   

Trochisci Hedichroi.  
They strengthen the Heart and Brain, they are of a heating quality; therefore good for such as have cold Stomaches: they are seldom used alone.   

Trochisci Hysterici, Troches against the Mother.  
They serve principally against Fits of the Mother, expels the Birth, and Afterbirth, cleanseth a Woman after her Labour. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Trochisci de Ligni Aloes, Troches of Wood of Aloes.  
It cheers the Heart and Vital Spirits; it is good against Heart-qualms and Faintings, and against the Dropsy, and is a pretty Medicine for a Stinking-breath. The Dose is half a drachm.   

Trochisci è Myrrah, Troches of Myrrh.  
They powerfully provoke the dead Child after Birth, and women's Monthly Purgations. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Trochisci de Plumbo, Troches of Lead.  
It is good to cure Ulcers in the Eyes.   

Trochisci Polyidae,  
It is good in green Wounds and Ulcers.   

Trochiscide Rhabarbare, Troches of Rhubarb.  
They have a cutting, attenuating, strengthening, and Choller-purging quality, by Urine and otherwise: they are profitably used in the Dropsy, Jaundice, and inveterate Obstructions following a Fever. Take from half a drachm, to a drachm and an half.   

Trochisci de Santalis, & Spodio, Troches of  and Spodium.  
Both those are cooling and binding, alloy the heat in Fevers, quench Thirst, stop a Flux, and strengtheneth the retentive Faculty. The Dose is half a drachm.   

Trochisci de Scylla ad Theriacam, Troches of Squils for Treacle.  
They serve principally for other Compositions; as for Venice Treacle. For their particular virtue, see the nature of Squils'.   

Trochisci de terra Lemnia, Troches of Earth of Lemnos.  
It is very good to staunch bleeding at Nose, or any Flux of Blood in any part of the body. Half a drachm is a sufficient Dose.   

Sief de Thure, Sief of Frankincense.  
It dries up Rheum in the Eyes.   

Trochisci de Violis Solutivi, Troches of Violets Solutive.  
They purge Water, tough Phlegm and Choler; they are violent, take but half a drachm, and that with good advice, that it may be mixed with some proper Corrigents.   

Trochisci de Agno Casto, Troches of Agnus Castus.  
See the virtues of the Syrup of Agnus Castus.   

Trochisci de Anniso, Troches of Annis-seeds.  
They open the Obstructions of the Liver, and help all infirmities thereof. It is good in Quartan Agues. The Dose is from a drachm to two.   

Trochisci Diarhadon.  
They are good against Fevers coming of Phlegm, all Quoridian Fevers and Agues, easeth pains in the belly, and cleanseth the bowels. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Trochisci de Lacca, Troches of Lacca.  
It opens Obstructions of the Liver, and helps Fevers arising from that cause, purgeth by Urine, and is good in Ascites, or any Dropsy. Take from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Pastilli Adronius, & Musae.  
They heal Wounds, and cleanse Ulcers, Fistulas, and such like. It cleanseth the Ears that are mattery, represseth excressency of flesh, and cleanseth the filth of the bones. It is good against the inflammation of the Fundament, and Choleric eating Pustules.   

Croco Magma of Damocrates.  
It strengthens the Stomach, warms the Heart, and is expulsive.   

Trochisci Ramich.  
They strengthen the Stomach, Heart, Liver, and other parts, giveth ease in the Colic, and helps Pluxes of Blood; and cleanseth the body of salt, sharp, and choleric Humours. You cannot err in taking of it.   

Trochisci de Rosis, Troches of Roses.  
They strengthen the digestive faculty of the Stomach, and easeth pains there; they are good against the Hectic Fever, and the beginning of a Dropsy; it restores Colour lost. Take it at any time.   

Trochisci Diacorrallion.  
They stop the immoderate Flux of the Terms, and other Fluxes of Blood: Take half a drachm, take them with care and discretion. Trochisci Kaemoptoici, is like it in operation: And Trochisci Diaspermation helps the Pleurisy, eases pain, and differs little from the former.     

CHAP. VII. Of Pills.  

THE Greeks call them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, the Latins, Pilulae, or little Bails; we commonly call them Pills: they were invented to purge the Head principally; as also, the remote parts of the Body, which they best perform, by reason they are long digesting, and better able to draw the peccant Humours to them. P●lls are made of any Powder, with Syrups, Sapa, or Jellies, by the help of a Mortar and Pestle; As for Example,   


Pilulae de Agarico; Or, Pills of Agarick.  
Take of Agarick three drachms, Blue Orris Roots, Mastic, and horehound, of each one drachm; Turbith five drachms, Hiera-Piera half an ounce, Colocynths, Sarcocol, of each two drachms; Myrrh, one drachm; Sapa, as much as is sufficient to make it into a Mass for Pills. It purgeth Choler and Phlegm from the Head, Breast, and Lungs. The Dose is from two scruples to a drachm in the Morning.   

Pilulae Aggregativae.  
It purgeth Phlegm, Choler, and Melancholy Humours: it helps Diseases of the Stomach and Liver, and is good against Quotidian Agues. The Dose is from half a drachm to four scruples; take it in the Morning.   

Pilulae Alaphanginae.  
They cleanse the Stomach, Brain, and the Sensitive Organs, from gross and putrid Humours, which hindereth the exercise of their Functions: It strengthens also and helps the Concoction of the Stomach. The Dose is from a drachm to four.   

Pilulae de Aloe Rosata.  
It purgeth Choler, and frees the Stomach of such Humours, opens Obstructions caused thereby, as the Yellow Jaundice, and is good against Worms, etc. The Dose is from a scruple to a drachm: take them at night going to bed.   

Pilulae de Aloe Lota.  
It purgeth the Brain, Stomach, and Bowels of putrid Humours, and strengtheneth them: Take them as the former.   

Pilulae Aurea.  
It is good in Opthalmia, or inflammation of the Eyes, helps the Megrim coming from a cold cause, and frees the Bowels of Wind. The Dose is from two scruples to four.   

Pilulae Cochiae, the greater.  
It purgeth the Head of phlegmatic humours, and is good against the inveterate Headache, Megrim, Palsy, Falling Sickness, etc. The Dose is from two scruples to four.   

Pilulae Cochiae, the less.  
Take it not alone.   

Pilulae ex duobus; Or, Pills of two things.  
They purge Choler and Phlegm; but with such violence, that it ought not to be given alone.   

Pilulae de Eupatorio, Pills of Eupatorium.  
It purgeth Choler gently, and are good in Tertian Agues, Yellow Jaundice, Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm, taken at night.   

Pilulae Faetidae, Stinking Pills.  
It purgeth gross, tough, Melancholy, and phlegmatic humours, from the remotest parts of the body. It is good against the Gout, and cold afflictions of the Joints, Leprosies, and Diseases of the Skin. The Dose is from half a drachm to four scruples.   

Pilulae de Hermodactyls;  
Pills of Hermodaetils are of the same nature with the former. The dose is from one drachm to two.   

Pill. de Hiera cum Agarico, Pills of Hiera with Agarick.  
Some will have this Pill an Universal Medicine: It purgeth Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy: it opens obstruction of the Liver and Spleen, is good against the Jaundice, the Dropsy, and Scurvy; against Vertigoes and Dizziness of the Head, provoke the Terms, ease the Mother-Fits, and strengthen the Womb, help shortness of breath: all which I have sound by Experience. Authors say, it resists Epidemical Diseases, and poisons; helps the Gout, and cures all sorts of Agues. The dose is from one scruple to four.   

Pilulae Imperiales, Imperial Pills.  
Strengthen the Stomach, Liver, Bowels, and Natural Spirit, and purge mixed Humours. The dose is from a scruple to a drachm; take them at night.   

Pilulae de Lapide Lazuli; Or, Pills of Lapis Lazul.  
It purgeth Melancholy, and Adust Choler; it works violently. The dose is from two scruples to a drachm.   

Pilulae Macri.  
They strengthen the Stomach, Brain, and the Nerves, and purge the Humours that afflict them, and hinder the motion of the body: they open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and are good for people who have been hurt by Falls and Bruises. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. Take them at night, and continue taking them a week together.   

Pilulae Mastichinae; Mastic Pills.  
They strengthen and purge the Stomach, Brain, Belly, and Reins. Take them as the former.   

Pilulae Mechoacanae; Pills of Mechacan.  
They purge Phlegm with violence. The dose is from a scruple to half a drachm.   

Pilulae de Opopanace, Pills of Opopanax.  
It purgeth cold Humours from the Joints and Nerves, is good against the Gout and Palsy. Take a scruple or half a drachm in the morning.   

Pilulae Rudii.  
It purgeth Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy, from the head and other parts of the body: it is quick in operation, safe and the best of Purges. The dose is from one scruple to half a drachm.   

Pilulae Russi.  
They are preservative in Pestilential Times, and evacuate malignant humours, and such as are gotten by Surfeits, and strengtheneth the Vitals. The Dose is from a scruple to a drachm: take them to Bedward.   

Pilulae sine quibus, Pills without Which.  
It purgeth Choler and Phlegm from the Brain; it is good for Ophthalmia caused by Choler, and is good ●n the Bastard Tertian. The Dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Pilulae Stomachicae, Stomach Pills.  
It strengtheneth the retentive and digestive Faculties of the Stomach, and cleanseth it of offensive humours. The dose is from one drachm to two.   

Pilulae Stomachicae cum Gummi, Stomach-Pills with Gums.  
They are of the same nature with the former; they are stronger in operation. The dose is a drachm: take them in the morning early, and sleep after them.   

Pilulae de Succino, Pills of Amber.  
It is friendly to the Womb, and takes away the causes of Sterility, and helps Conception; purging Choler and Phlegm, and leaves a binding and strengthening quality behind it. The dose is from a scruple, to a drachm: take them at night.   

Pilulae ex Tribus, Pills of three things: Strengthen the Stomach and Liver, open Obstructions, helpeth the Yellow Jaundice, and frees the body of Choleric Humours, which cause the Itch and Scabs. The dose is from one scruple to a drachm: take them at night.   

Pilulae Turpeti aureae.  
They purge Choler and Phlegm, strengthen the Stomach and Liver. Take them as the former.   

Pilulae Azaiereth.  
It strengtheneth the body, evacuateth Choler from the Veins; and Choleric, Phlegmatic, and putrid humours from the Stomach, and is a good preservation in Pestilential Times. The dose and manner of taking them is the fame.   

Pilulae ex Bdellio, Pills of Bdellium.  
They are good in the immoderate Flux of the Terms and Hemorrhoids. The dose is half a drathm.   

Pilulae de Rhabarbaro, Pills of Rhubarb.  
They evacuate Choleric Humours, help the Jaundise, open Obstructions of the Liver, and strengtheneth the Stomach. Take them at night, from a scruple to a drachm.   

Pilulae Arabicae.  
It removeth the Diseases of the Head; as the Vertigo and Megrim: it makes a man merry; it preserves his Mind in vigour, clears the Sight, repairs Hearing lost, and frees the Stomach of vicious humours. Take in the morning from one scruple to four.   

Pilulae Arthriticae.  
It helps the Gout, and other Joynt-Griefs, or whatever Disease hath its original from Phlegm. Take from one drachm to four scruples, in the morning.   

Pilulae Fumariae. Pills of Fumitory.  
This Pill is good for such as are troubled with Scabs, Itch, and such like; for it purgeth Choleric and adust Humours, and fault Phlegm. The dose is from two scruples to a drachm: take it in the morning.   

Pilulae Indae.  
It generally purgeth Melancholy; therefore necessary in all Melancholy Diseases; as Cancers, Leprosies, Quartan Agues, Pains and Tumours of the Spleen, Sadness, Fear, etc. The dose is from half a drachm to four scruples: take them in the morning.   

Pilulae Luis Majores.  
They are given, with happy success, in Diseases of the Eyes: it purgeth Phlegmatic and mixed Humours from the head, and strengtheneth the visive virtue; Take them as the former.   

Pilulae de Euphorbio; Pills of Euphorbium.  
They are good against pains in the Loins, Dropsies, and Gouts, coming of a moist cause: half a drachm is a sufficient dose.   

Pilulae Scribonii.  
They are good against spitting of Blood, Ptisicks, and the like. Take a scruple going to bed.   

Pilulae de Cynoglosso, & de Styrace; Pills of Hounds-Tongue, and Styrax.  
They are both good against a Defluxion of hot Rheums upon the Lungs, or other parts, against Cold caused by Defluxion, and provokes sleep. Take one scruple or two, if you find your body strong.   

Laudanum & Nepenthes Opiatum.  
It mittigateth violent pains, allayeth the Fumes that trouble the Brain in Fevers, and provoke sleep. Beware how you give such Medicines in the beginning of Fevers. The dose is from one grain to four.     

CHAP. VIII. Of Powders.  

Powders may be made of any Herb, Flower, Root, Mineral, Stone, etc. and they are varlously compounded, as followeth:   


Aromaticum Caryophyllatum.  
Take of Cloves 7 drachms; Mace, Zedoary, Galanga the less, Yellow Sanders, Troches Diarrhadon, Cinnamon, Wood of Aloes, Indian Spicknard, Long Pepper, Cardamons the Less, of each one drachm; Red-Roses four drachms; Gallia Moschata, and Liquoris, of each two drachms; Indian Leaf, and Cubebs, of each two scruples: beat them all into Powder. It strengtheneth the Stomach, and clears the Vital parts, stays Vomiting, breaks Wind, and helps Digestion Take a drachm or two.   

Aromaticum Rosatum.  
It strengtheneth the Stomach, Heart, and Brain, and is good against Swooning, Palpitation, Convulsion, Epilepsy, and such like: it discusseth Wind, and strengtheneth the Natural Parts, and is profitably given in Consumptions. The dose is from half a drachm to two drachms.   

Puluis ex Chelis Cancrorum composiuts; Or, the Powder of Crabs Claws compound: Otherwise called Gascons Powder.  
It is very good in Fevers, either intermitting, putrid, or malignant: it is of known virtue in the Small Pox and Measles: it is very cordial, cheers the Heart and Vital Spirits. The usual dose is from one grain to twelve.   

Species Cordiales Temperatae.  
It is a great Cordial, strengtheneth both Vital and Animal Parts, and is often prescribed among other Cordials. The dose commonly is from a scruple to half a drachm.   

Diacalaminth, Simple and Compound.  
It heats the body, and cuts gross humours: it expels Wind, and opens Obstructions, provokes Urine and the Terms, and cleanseth Women in Childbed. The dose is half a drachm.   

Dianisum.  
It powerfully discusseth Wind from the Stomach, and raw Humours, and removes Phlegmatic Humours, which causeth a Cough. Take half a drachm, or a draclim, being made into an Electuary.   

Pulvis Radicum Ari compositus: Powder of Aaron Roots compound.  
It provokes Urine and the Terms, expels the dead Child, and Afterbirth, and cleanseth the Womb, and easeth Fits of the Mother; cleanseth the Stomach of tough humours, and is a good Antidote (say some) against poison. Give a scruple, or half a drachm.   

Diaires Simplex; Or, Powder of the Root of Flowerdeluce.  
It is good against Coughs: make it into an Electuary with Honey, or some Pectoral Syrup, and take it with a Liquoris Stick.   

Dialacca.  
It strengtheneth the Stomach and Liver, and opens Obstructions; mollifieth schirrhous Tumours, and is of great virtue to remove the effects thereof, viz. Cachexia, and the Dropsy: It provokes Urine, and breaks the Stone in the Reins and Bladder. The dose is from half a drachm to four scruples.   

Pulvis Cardiacus Magistralis.  
This Powder hath not its name for nothing; it is a very great Cordial, and strengtheneth the Heart and Vitals. The dose is from one grain to ten; the Gentry may use it often.   

Diamargariton Frigidum.  
It is a great Cordial, good against Syncopes, Asthmahs, Coughs, and Distillations of sharp Humours, Consumptions, and Hectic Fevers. Half a drachm is an indifferent dose, if it be not too dear.   

Diambra.  
It effectually strengtheneth all the bowels and inward ●arts, weakened by cold; it cheereth the Spirits, and gives the Patiented a good colour; it profiteth the Womb, and is friendly to ancient men and women. The dose from half a drachm to two drachms.   

Diamoshu dulce & Amarum.  
It is good against cold afflictions of the Brain, and all Diseases thence arising; against Melancholy, and all Melancholy Diseases. The last besides the former, hath a purging Faculty, and cleanseth the Stomacle. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Species Dianthus.  
It maketh a light heart, a cheerful mind, a good Stomach, and a sound body. The dose is the same with the former.   

Diapenidion.  
It prevaileth against all Diseases of the Breast, Cough, Hoarseness, loss of Voice. Take half a drachm, or mix it with some Pectoral Syrup.   

Diarrhodon Abbatis.  
It strengtheneth the Liver, Heart, Stomach, etc. and quencheth unnatural heat in any of those parts. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Diaspoliticum.  
It is good to discuss wind in the Stomach, and removes the Diseases of the part, and helps digesture. The dose is from one drachm to two.   

Diatraganthum Frigidum.  
It cures all Diseases of the Breast and Lungs, which proceed from a hot and dry cause, or from putrefaction in the parts; for the most part, it is mixed with other Medicines: Or it may be made into an Electuary with the Syrup of Violets, and you may take a drachm.   

Diatrion Piperion.  
This Powder discusseth Wind from the Stomach and Bowels; it heats the Stomach, helps Digestion, and frees it of Phlegm. The dose is from a scruple to half a drachm.   

Diatrion Santelion.  
It is a very good Medicine to correct the hot Distemper of the Liver, and is good against a Diarrhaea, caused by Choleric Humours: it helps Obstructions of the Liver also. The dose is from four scruples to two drachms.   

Pulvis Haly.  
It is a good Medicine against Peripneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs, Phrisicks, and Pleurisies. Take half a drachm of the Powder.   

Pulvis Laetificans.  
It revives the Heart, and cheers the Spirits, helps digestion, and preserves a good Colour. The dose is from one scruple to four. Or, of it you may make a Sacculus, to be applied to the Region of the Heart, Stomach, and Head, against Palpitation, and cold Diseases of the Head and Stomach.   

Pulvis Bezoardicus Magistralis; A Bezoartick Powder Magisterial.  
It is a great Cordial, and very good in Fevers, and in all Diseases where the Vitals suffer. The dose is from a grain to twelve. If you take too much, your purse will soon complain.   

Species confectionis Liberantis.  
It is a good preservative in Pestilential Times, and a good Medicine in Pestilential Fevers. The dose is from half a drachm to two drachms: It is a good Cordial for the Gentry.   

Pulvis Saxonicus.  
It is a great preservative against Poison, and the Pestilence, and powerfully expels all poison and malignant humours out of the body. Take half a drachm, or a drachm.   

Pulvis Antilyssus.  
This Powder is good against the biting of a Mad-Dog, or any other venomous Creature; for it fortifyeth the heart against poison. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Rosatae Novellae.  
It helpeth hot and dry Stomaches, and is good against distempers of the Heart, Liver, etc. or of any other part, caused by heat and drieth: it strengtheneth the Vital Spirits, and provokes Sweat. The dose is the same with the former.   

Pulvis Thuraloes.  
It is good to staunch blood in any Wound: If you mix it with the White of an Egg, and with the Wool of an Hare dipped in it, apply it to the bleeding part.   

Species Electuarii de gemmis frigidi.  
It strengtheneth the Heart and Vital Spirits, and relieveth languishing Nature. Half a drachm is the utmost dose; and that too much for a poor man.   

Pulvis contra casum; A Powder for those that are bruised by a Fall.  
It is good to strengthen the internal, parts of one bruised by Fall, or otherwise. The dose is from two drachms to three; sweat after it.   

Diacymini.  
It is good to discuss Wind, warms the Stomach, and easeth the pains of the Colic, and helps digestion. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Diagalanga.  
It discusseth Wind and cold Humours in the Stomach; it corrects the cold and moist distemper of the Liver and Brain, and doth somewhat provoke Urine. The dose is from half a drachm to two.   

Species Electuarii Diamargariton calidi.  
It is a great Cordial, heats the Stomach and the Womb, and removeth cold Distempers thereof. The dose is half a drachm.   

Lithontribon.  
It heats the Stomach, and helpeth want of Digestion: it is good against the Hiack Passion, and Colic; breaks the Stone in the Reins and Bladder, Strangury, and Dysury. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Pleres' Arconicon.  
It is good in Syncopes, and Palpitations; and cherisheth those who have been weekned by Sicknesses: it strengtheneth Memory, and quickeneth the Senses; good against the Falling-Sickness, and cold afflictions of the Lungs, and is exceeding good for sad and melancholy people. The dose is the same.   

Pulvis contra Pestem: A Powder against the Pestilence.  
The little tells you the virtue of it: besides, it cheers the Heart, and Vital Spirits. The dose is the same.   

Pulvis contra Vermes: A Powder against the Worms.  
And is a good one for the purpose. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.    

Purging Powders.  

Pulvis Hermodactylorum compositus; Powder of Hermodactyls compound.  
It purgeth Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy; but with such violence, that it is the safest course not to meddle with it: Or let it be first corrected by an able Brain.   

Pulvis Senae compositus major.  
The Powder of Seine the greater composition: some call it Holland Powder; or, Ralph Holland's Powder: it discusseth Wind, and helps the Colic; opens the Obstructions of the Reins and Bowels. The Dose is from one drachm to two.   

Pulvis Senae compositus minor: Or, the Powder of Seine, the lesser composition.  
It purgeth Melancholy from the head and other parts. The dose is a drachm.   

Diasenae; Or, Pulvis Sanctus: The Holy Powder.  
It purgeth the same humour, but is very violent. The dose is the same for strong bodies.   

Diaturbith cum & sine Rhabarbaro: Diaturbith with, or without Rhubarb.  
The first purgeth Phlegm and Choler: the other Phlegm only; but aught neither of them to be taken, unless corrected by an able Brain, and administered by a skilful and careful hand.     

CHAP. IX. Of Electuaries.  

ELectuaries are easily made of any of the aforegoing Powders; or, having your Ingredients ready, beat them, and sift them into fine Powder, and with three times the weight of Honey or Syrup, suitable to your Ingreads, make an Electuary: As for Example,   


Antidote Analeptica.  
Take of Red-Roses and Liquoris, of each two drachms and five grains; , and Traga-Canth, of each two drachms, and two scruples; Sanders, White and Red, of each four scruples; the Juice of Liquoris, White Starch, the Seeds of White Poppies, Purslane, Lettuce, and Endive, of each three drachms: the four greater cold Seeds husked; the Seeds of Quinces, Mallows, Cotton, Violets, Pine-Nuts, Sistick Nuts, sweet Almonds, Pulp of Sebestens', of each two drachms: Cloves, Spodium, Cinnamon, of each one drachm; Saffron five grains, Penies' half an ounce: Make them into fine Powder, and with three times their weight of Syrup of Violets make an Electuary. It is good in Consumptions, and Hectic Fevers; it quencheth Thirst, and restoreth radical Moisture. You may take a drachm, as often as you please.   

Confectio Alkermes.  
This is used in Palpitations, Syncopes, and Diseases of the Heart: it resisteth the Pestilence and Poison, and relieveth languishing Nature. The dose is from one drachm to two.   

Electuarium è Sassaphras; Or, Electuary of Sassaphras.  
It opens obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys, and is good against cold Rheums and Defluxions, from the Head to the Lungs, Teeth, Eyes; and helps Diseases in those parts, occasioned by such Defluxions: it provoketh the Terms, dries up the superfluous moisture of the Womb, and all raw thin Humours, and breaks Wind. The dose is half a drachm in the morning.   

Electuarium de baccis Lauri, Electuary of Bay-Berries.  
It is good against the Colic, and all Diseases caused by Wind or Cold; and it cuts and attenuates glassy Phlegm. The dose is from one drachm to three.   

Diacapparis; Or, a Consection of Capers.  
It is good against Diseases of the Spleen. The dose is the same with the former.   

Diacinnamomum, A Composition of Cinnamon.  
It strengtheneth the inward parts, and heats the Scomach, helps Concoction, provokes the Terms, and strengtheneth the Womb, and is good for people that are subject to Phlegm and Wind. The dose is from one ounce to two.   

Diacoralliou, A Composition of Coral.  
It is cordial and binding, and cooling; it strengtheneth such as are in Consumptions, cools in Fevers, and stops Fluxes; and is good for those that are in a Consumption with a Looseness: it stops the Terms, and white Flux. The dose is a drachm in the morning. If you have a Looseness, the dose is from one to three, and it may be taken often.   

Diacorum.  
This Electuary heats the Brain, strengtheneth the Nerves, and quickeneth the Senses, is good against the Headache, Convulsions, Falling-Sickness, Catarrhs, and provokes Lust. The dose is half a drachm.   

Diacydonium, Simplex & compositum; A Confection of Quinces, Simple or Compound.  
They comfort the Stomach, and are good for those that are subject to Vomiting; for it strengtheneth the Stomach, and moderates women's Fluxes: The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm, before and after meat.   

Confectio de Hyacintho.  
It is a great Cordial, and cooling; and is of great virtue in all Fevers, putrid, malignant, and pestilential. The dose is from two scruples to half a drachm.   

Antidotum Haemagogum.  
It provokes Urine, the Terms, and Afterbirth; helps the Strangury, and breaks the Stone, opens obstructions of the Liver and Spleen. The dose is from one drachm to two.   

Diasatyrion.  
This was composed to provoke Lusts, and to whet on those who are impotent in the acts of Venus, and is good against weakness of the Reins and Bladder. The dose is from two drachms to three.   

Electuarium Diaspermaton.  
It provokes Urine, and breaks the Stone. The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce.   

Micleta.  
It is profitable in long lasting Diarrhaeas, and Bloody Fluxes. The dose is from one scruple to four.   

Electuarium Pectorale.  
It strengtheneth the Stomach and Lungs, and removes the Vices thereof. Take it with a Liquoris stick.   

Theriata Diatessarion.  
It frees the Stomach of pain, Wind and want of digesture, resisteth the Pestilence and Poison: it helps stopping of the Liver, Dropsy, Jaundice, etc. and cold infirmities of the Brain; as Convulsions, Falling-sickness, Palsies, etc. The dose is from half a drachm to two.   

Diascordium.  
It strengtheneth the Heart, provoketh Sweat, procures sleep, expels the malignity of the Pestilence, hasteneth women's Labour, provoketh the Terms; is good for Women lying in, and stops Fluxes. The dose is from one drachm to three. To Children give less.   

Mithridate; Or, Mithridate.  
It is good against Poison, and cold humours in the Body, and Diseases thence coming; loss of Senses by cold, helps the Colic, and expels Wind, provokes an Appetite: It helps Ulcers in the Bladder (saith Galen) provokes Urine, expels the dead Child, and helps such Women as cannot conceive, by reason of the coldness and slipperyness of their Wombs. The dose is from half a drachm to two.   

Phylonium persicum; Magistrale, & Romanum.  
The first stops any Flux Diarrhaea, Dysentery, or women's Monthly Terms, when other means fail; which the second doth likewise, easeth pain, and procures rest in Fevers: Romanum easeth the vehemency of the pain of the Colic, Stone, Strangury, and such like; and provokes sleep. The dose is from a scruple to four. Take it not without advice from an able Brain.   

Electuarium de Ovo; An Electuary of Eggs.  
It is a good Remedy in Pestilential Fevers, and a good preservative. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Theriaca Andromachi; Venice Treacle.  
It resisteth poison, and preserveth the heart from venom, of such as have been bitten by any venomous Creatures: It is good against inveterate headaches, Vertigoes, etc. Deafness, dulness of sight, loss of voice, Asthmas, old Coughs, spitting of Blood, difficulty of Breathing, coldness of the Stomach, and Wind, Colic and sliack Passion, hardness of the Spleen, Jaundice, Stone in the Reins and Bladder; provokes Urine, the Terms, Birth, and Afterbirth: It is good against Ulcers in the Bladder, Dropsies, Leprosies, Fevers of all sorts, pains in the Joints: it helps both Body and Mind, and is good against Melancholy Thoughts, and vain Fears. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm: sweat upon it.   

Theriaca Londinensis; London Treacle.  
It strengtheneth the Heart, is good against the Pestilence, and resisteth poison and infection; strengthens cold Stomaches, and helps digestion. You may take two drachms in the morning.   

Diacrocuma.  
It is excellent against cold distempers of the Liver, Stomach, Reins, Spleen, Bladder, and Matrix, and the Symptoms arising from those distempers, viz. The Dropsy, and Chachexia. The dose is from half a drachm to four scruples.   

Athanasia Methridatis.  
It prevails against poison, and biting of venomous Creatures, helps cold Stomaches, and such whose meat putrifies therein; stays vomiting of Blood, and old Cough, and is good against all cold Diseases of the Liver, Spleen, Bladder, Reins, and Matrix. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Electuarium è Scoria serri.  
It strengtheneth, openeth, and gently purgeth the Stomach and Spleen, and caseth the body of Melancholy, and Splenetic Diseases. The dose is from three drachms to half an ounce.   

Confectio Humain.  
It strengtheneth the Heart and Brain, quickeneth the Senses, and is a good preservative against the Pestilence. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm.   

Diaircos Salominis.  
It helps all cold infirmities of the Lungs. Take it with a Liquoris Stick.   

Magnum Antidotum Mathioli, etc. Mathiolus his great Antidote against Poison and the Pestilence.  
It is very good for that purpose: See his Bezoar Water for particular virtues. The dose is from a scruple to four.   

Requies, Mitigates the heat in Fevers, and gives rest. Give not above half a scruple at first: it is scarcely safe inwardly to be given: apply it ontwardly to the Temples and Wrists.   

Electuarium Reginae Coloniens.  
It is good against the Stone and Wind-Chollick. The dose is a drachm.   

Triphera the Greater, Stops the immoderate Flux of the Terms and Hemorrhoids, frees the body of crude humours, strengtheneth the Bladder, rectifies distempers of the Spleen, expels Melancholy, and makes a good colour. The dose is from a drachm to half an ounce.    

Purging Electuaries.  

Benedicta Laxativa.  
It powerfully purgeth Phlegmatic Humours from the Joints; it purgeth the Reins and Bladder. The dose is from one drachm to a drachm and an half.   

Caryo costinum.  
It is a good Purge for wounded persons, whose Wounds are inflamed: it also purgeth hot Rheums: Correct it, or let it alone. Three drachms, or four, may be given in a Clyster.   

Cassia extracta pro Clysteribus; Cassia extracted for Clysters.  
The dose is an ounce; two or three given in Clysters, it purgeth the Reins, and cools them; it easeth the pains caused by the Stone, and is good to prevent the growing thereof.   

Electuarium amarum majus & minus; the Greater and Lesser bitter Electuary.  
They both purge Choler: the first, Phlegm; and the second, Melancholy. The dose of the first is from half an ounce to an ounce: Of the other, from one ounce to two.   

Diacassia with Manna.  
This is a gallant Purge for hot bodies; for it gently looseneth and cooleth much, and therefore is good in Fevers, and in all Diseases wherein Choler doth abound. The dose is an ounce; or more, as you find occasion.   

Casia extracta sine & cumfoliis Senae; Cassia extracted without and with the Leaves of Sena.  
They are both gentle Purges; they cleanse and cool the Reins: they cleanse the Bowels of Choler and Melancholy, and is good in Fevers. The dose of the first is an ounce and an half: Of the other one ounce.   

Diacarthamum.  
It purgeth Phlegm and yellow Choler effectually. The dose is from one drachm to six.   

Diaphaenicon.  
It purgeth both Phlegm and Choler; it is good in Fevers, and easeth the Colic and pains of the Stone, and freeth the Bowels of raw humours. The dose is from two drachms to five.   

Diaprunum Lenitive.  
It cools and looseneth the body gently; it is good in all kind of Fevers, and hot Agues, and is much commended in the Fever Hectic. The dose is an ounce to bedward.   

Diaprunum Solutive.  
Is the best purger of Choler, and amendeth the hot distemper of the Liver. The dose is from three drachms to six.   

Catholicon.  
It purgeth every humour abounding, especially Choler: It profiteth in Fevers; it mollifieth, and altereth the Humours, and strengtheneth the body: it helps infirmities of the Liver and Spleen, Gouts of all sorts, headaches, Tertian, Quartan, and Quotidian Agues. The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce: Take it going to bed, or in Clysters.   

Electuarium de Citro Solutivum; the Solutive Electuary of Citrons.  
It purgeth Choler, Phlegm, and Melancholy; and carrieth away the rotten humours in the declination of a Fever. The dose is half an ounce.   

Electuarium Elescoph.  
It purgeth Choler, Phlegm, and Wind, from all parts of the body; helps pains of the joints and sides, the Colic; it cleanseth the Reins and Bladder.   

Confectio Hamech.  
It purgeth Melancholy, and yellow Choler: it is good against Melancholy and Madness, Scabs, Itch, etc. The dose is from three drachms to an ounce.   

Electuarium Lenitivum; the Lenitive Electuary.  
It is a fine purge, fit for Feverish persons, and such as have Pleurisies: it gently openeth and mollifieth the Bowels, and purgeth (without trouble or hurt) Melancholy, Phlegm, and Choler. The dose is from an ounce to two.   

Electuarium passulatum.  
It cleanseth the Reins and Bladder, and is a good purge for those that are troubled with Gravel, or the Stone: it purgeth Choler and Melancholy. The dose is the same with the former.   

Electuarium è succo Rosarum, An Electuary of the Juice of Roses.  
It purgeth Choler; and the dose is from two drachms to an ounce and an half.   

Hierapicra Simplex.  
It is the most excellent Medicine to purge vicious Humours, which stick to the Tunicles of the Stomach. The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce: In Clysters, from six drachms to an ounce and an half.   

Hiera cum Agarico; Hiera with Agarick.  
The Virtues are the same with the former, purgeth Phlegm more effectually. The dose is the same: For the further knowledge of the Virtues, see the Pill of Hiera with Agarick.   

Hiera Logadii.  
It purgeth effectually those Humours, which cause the Palsy, Apoplexy, and such like Diseases. The dose is the same: give it only to strong bodies.   

Hiera Diacolocynthidos.  
It easeth inveterate headaches, Falling-sicknesses, and such like Evils: for it purgeth gross Humours from the farthest parts of the body. The dose is from three drachms to six.   

Triphera Solutive.  
It purgeth Choler and Phlegm: Some account it profitable in the declination of Fevers, and in hot distempers of the Stomach and Liver. The dose is from two drachms to half an ounce.     

CHAP. X. Of Oils.  

AS there are of other Medicines, so there are of Oils, both simple and compound: Simple Oils are either by expression, or infusion and decoction: Oils by Expression, are drawn out of Fruits or Seeds; as out of sweet and bitter Almonds, the Seed of Rope and Flax; by first beating them in a Stone-Morter, and pressing out the Oil in a Press.  
Simple Oils, by infusion and decoction, are thus made: Take the Herbs or Flowers, of which you would make your Oil; beat them to two or three handfuls; pour on a pint of oil, put them in an Earthen pot, and cover it with a paper tied about the top, and set it in the Sun a fortnight: then heat it by the fire, and press out the herbs: then put in as many herbs as you did at first; do as before, as often as you see good, to make your Oil strong enough: then boil it gently, till the vittue come forth of the herbs, and then strain it, and reserve it for your use. In this manner is made the Oils of Roses, Dill, Camomile, Melilot, Lilies, Violets, etc. All which, for the most part, are used externally: some of them in Clysters, they retain the virtues of the simples whereof they are made; which I hope is enough for the Ingenious Searcher.  
Compound Oils are made in the same manner; Take this following for an Example,   


Oleum Benedictum; Or, Blessed Oil.  
Take the Roots of Carduus, and Valerian, of each one ounce; the Flowers of St. John's Wort, two ounces; Wheat one ounce and an half; Old Oil four ounces; Cypress Turpetine eight ounces; Frankincense in powder two ounces: Bruise the root and flowers, and infuse them in White-Wine sufficient to cover them: After two days infusion, put in the Oil, with the Wheat bruised, boil them together till the Wine be consumed; then press it out, and add the Frankincense and Turperine: then boil them a little, and keep it for your use. It is good to cleanse all manner of Wounds, especially those of the Nerves, and Wounds in the head.   

Oleum de Capporibus, Oil of Capers.  
It openeth obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and mollifies the hardness of the Spleen, and is good against the Rickets: Anoint the part by the fire.   

Oleum Castorei compositum, the Oil of Castor compound.  
It hath a cutting and attenuating Faculty of gross humours in the Joints, and in cold Diseases.   

Oleum Catellorium, Oil of Whelps.  
It is good to anoint the Limbs and Muscles, that are weakened by Wounds and Bruises.   

Oleum Costinum, Oil of Costus.  
It prevaileth against affects of the Nerves; for it strengtheneth, warmeth, attenuates, and opens obstructions of those parts.   

Oleum Crocinum, Oil of Saffron.  
It hath a faculty of strengthening the Nerves and the Womb, distipates swelling and hardness, and caseth pains in those parts.   

Oleum de Euphorbio, Oil of Euphorbium.  
It hath the same virtue as the Oil of Castor: both which dropped into the Ear, helps the ●…ise there, and cures Deafness.   

Oleum Excestrense, Oil of Exeter.  
It is good to anoint the Limbs of such as are lame, by reason of some old Bruise, Cold, or Sprain.   

Oleum Hirundinum, Oil of Swallows.  
The Virtues are the same with the former.   

Oleum Hyperici compositum, Oil of St. john's Wort Compound.  
It hath the Virtues of the two former, and is very good in green Wounds.   

Oleum Irinum, Oil of Orris.  
It doth resolve, maturate, and ease pain in all kind of tumors.   

Oleum Majoranae, Oil of Marjarome.  
It helps all cold Diseases of the Brain and Nerves: anoint the Backbone with it for the dead Palsy: anoint the Forehead for the Headache. Drop it into the Ears for the noise and pain therein.   

Oleum Mandragorae, Oil of Mandrakes.  
It is good to anoint the Temples of those that want sleep in a Frenzy. It is extreme cold: be careful in the use of it.   

Oleum Moschelaeum, Oil of Musk.  
It helps Deasness, and all cold Diseases of the Head, Stomach, Sides, Nerves, and Reins, and is good in the Strangury and Colic.   

Oleum Nardinum, Oil of Nard.  
It hath a warming, digesting, and binding quality, and is used with good success in all cold Diseases of the Head, Liver, and Womb: and being snuffed up in the Nose, prevails against the Coryza, which is a Distillation of Humours from the Head to the Nose.   

Oleum Nicodemi.  
It is good to cleanse and heal Sores, Ulcers, Scabs, Itch, Small Pox, etc.   

Oleum Vulpinum, Oil of Foxes.  
In pains of the Joints, Podagra, and Chiragra: This Oil is of great use, saith Silvius.   

Oleum de Piperibus, Oil of Pepper.  
It heats, attenuates, cleanseth, and openeth Obstructions: therefore Physicians do use this Oil in the Palsy, Convulsion, and in all cold Diseases of the Womb, Neck, Reins, and Bladder: it easeth the Gout also.   

Oleum Populeon.  
It is a fine cool Oil; see the Ointment. I should here set down Chemical Oils; but that I fear my book is already swelled into too large a Volume. They also retain the virtue of the Simples, whereof they are made; but are far more prevalent, and full of Spirit, and are not safely used alone.     

CHAP. XI. Of Ointments,  

I Have in the former Books shown you the manner of making of Ointments and Plasters; and in regard that the way of making them is divers, according to the diversity of Ingredients, I shall here only declare the Virtues and Operations of the Ointments and Plasters now in use, and sold by the Apothecary.   


Unguentum Album; The white Ointment hath a refrigerating and drying faculty: Surgeons use it to allay the heat and itching in Ulcers.   

Unguentum Egyptiacum, This is used in filthy Ulcers to cleanse them, and to eat off dead flesh.   

Unguentum Anodynum; An Ointment to ease pain: Is easeth pain and inflammations in Wounds and tumors.   

Unguentum ex Apio; An Ointment of Smallage: It is also a cleansing Unguent,   

Linimentum Gummi Elemi; It gently cleanseth, and filleth with flesh Ulcers, not only in the head, but in any other part.   

Unguentum Auream, is accounted the best in curing Wounds, cleansing the Filth, and drying the Moisture.   

Basilicon, the Greater and Less; They heat, moisten, and digest, bring wounds to suppuration, and cleanseth them.   

Vnguentum ex Bdellio, Ointment of Bdellium: It helps the Epilepsy, Palsy, Cramp, and all cold Diseases of the Nerves.   

Unguentum de Calce, Ointment of Chalk; is good against Burning and Scalding.   

Unguentum de Althaea Simplex & compositum; The Ointment of Marsh-mallows, Simple and Compound. It hath a notable digesting quality, and resolving the Humours in any Swelling, and softening thereof.   

Unguentum Diapompholigos, it cools, binds, dries, and stays Fluxes, either of blood, or humours in wounds, and fills hollow Ulcers with flesh.   

Unguentum Elunatum sine & cum Mercurio, The Ointment of Elicampane, without or with Quicksilver, was invented to kill the Itch.   

Unguentum Laurinum commune; Common Ointment of Bays: it heats and expels wind, good in Aches and Sprains, and kills the Itch.   

Unguentum de Minio, The Ointment of Red-Lead: it is a notable dryer, and very cool; it is used in Ulcers, when other Medicines fail.   

Unguentum è Necotiana, The Ointment of Tobacce It is good to kill the Itch, Lice, and Worms; it cleanseth Ulcers and Fistulas, and is good against the biting of any venomous creature.   

Vnguentum Nutritum, It is good against the Itch, Tetters, and Ringworms; it allayeth the itching of wounds; for it is of a cooling and drying nature.   

Unguentum Opthalmicum, It is good in an Opthalmia, or inflammation of the Eyes; anoint the Eyelids.   

Unguentum ex Oxylapatho, An Ointment of sharppointed Docks: It is good against Scabs and Itch.   

Vnguentum è Plumbo, Or, Ointment of Lead. It drieth much.   

Vnguentum Pomorum, commonly called Pomatum: It is good to anoint the Nose and Lips, being chopped by the Wind.   

Vnguentum Resinum, Is as good a Cerecloth for a Sprain as most are.   

Vnguentum Rosatum, Ointment of Roses: Is good to allay the heat of Phlegmon, and Erysipelous Tumours; and is good against galling of the Skin, and tempers the heat of the Head, Stomach, and Liver.   

Vnguentum Desiccativum Rubrum; It is a very drying Ointment, restrains a Flux in a Wound, and skins the Sore.   

Vnguentum è Solano; A Unguent of Nightshade: It allays the heat and itching of Wounds.   

Vnguentum Tutiae, An Unguent of Tutry, Anoint the Eyelids with it; to dry hot and salted humours flowing thither.   

Valentia Scabiosae; Tapsivalentia, and Tapsimel: See the Simples, and you may easily know the virtues of them.   

Vnguentum Agrippa, It is good to anoint the bellies of such as have the Dropsies.   

Vnguentum Apostolorum, It cleanseth Wounds, Ulcers, and Fistulas, consumes dead flesh, and softeneth the hard Lips of Ulcers, and is a good incarnative.   

Vnguentum Arragon, It is good in all cold Diseases, and such as have their Original from glassy Phlegm, and is good in the Colic.   

Vnguentum de Arthanita, The Ointment of Showbread: It hath been used with good success in the Ascites, when all other means have failed, for it powerfully freeth the Abdomen of Serous, and watery Humours.   

Vnguentum Catapsoras, It is used to kill the Itch.   

Vnguentum Citrinum, It is good to take away the Redness, Imples, and Freckles on the Face; it makes the Skin smooth.   

Vnguentum Comitissae. This Ointment strengtheneth and bindeth, and is good against all fluxes of the Womb and Belly.   

Vnguentum Martiatum, It easeth pain, and strengtheneth the Head, Nerves, and Muscles.   

Vnguentum Mastichinum, It hath the virtues of the former; the Stomach being anointed with it, it restores Appetite, and helps Digestion,   

Vnguentum Neapolitanum, It is used in the French Pox.   

Vnguentum Nervinum, It is good in old Bruises, and for Diseases of the Nerves coming from a cold cause; as dead Palsies, etc.   

Vnguentum Pectorale, It strengtheneth and casetlpains of the Stomach: it is good in a Pleurisy, and consumption of the Lungs.   

Unguentum Populeum, An Unguent of Poplar: It is good in Burn, Scaldings, and inflammations in any part.   

Vnguentum Resumptivum, It is good to correct the hot and dry distemper of any part; it easeth pains which come by inflammations, and Convulsions which come in Burning Fevers.   

Vnguentum Splanchnicum, It easeth the pains of the Spleen.   

Vnguentum è Succis, An Ointment of Juices: It opens obstructions of the Stomach and Spleen; Anoint the Breast and Sides for the Rickets.   

Vnguentum Sumach, It is a binding Ointment, and drying; anoint the Stomach for Vomiting, the Belly for a Looseness, and the Fundament for the falling out thereof.   

Vnguentum Refrigerans, It cures inflammations in Wounds and Tumours.   

Vnguentum contra vermes, Anoint the Belly with it to kill Worms.     

CHAP. XII. Of Plasters.  


EMplaistrum ex Ammoniaco, A Plaster of Ammoniacum: It mollifieth hard Swell of the Spleen, and easeth the pains thereof.   

Emplastrum è Baccis Lauri, A Plaster of Bay-berries: Is good against the Colic, and caseth pain coming of Cold and Wind in any part of the body.   

Emplastrum Barbarum Magnum, It allayeth the inflammation of Wounds, and is good in the beginning of Gouts, and cureth the biting of any Creature.   

Emplastrum de Botonica, A Plaster of Betony, unites a broken Skull, or other Bones, draws out pieces of the Skull, and cleanseth Wounds or Ulcers to the bottom.   

Emplastrum Caesaris, It is cooling, strengthening, and binding; it repels hot Rheums and Vapours ascending to the Head, or flowing to any other part.   

Emplastrum Catagmaticum, There are two of this name, both are binding and drying.   

Emplastrum Cephalicum, A Head-Plaister. This strengtheneth the Head, and repels Vapours, dries up the moisture, and hot Scalding Vapours which fall into the Eyes.   

Emplastrum de Cerussa, A Plaster of Ceruse.  
It is profitable in Burns, and hot Ulcers: it cools and dries up the moisture.   

Emplastrum ex Cicuta cum Ammoniaco, A Plaster of Hemlock with Ammoniacum.  
It mitigates pains, and allays inflammations in the remote parts.   

Emplastrum è Cinnabari, Eats off dead flesh.  
Emplastrum è Crusta panis, A Plaster of a Crust of Bread, strengtheneth the Head and Stomach.   

Emplastrum è Cymino, A Plaster of Cummin.  
It is good against the Wind-colic, Swell, and Aches.   

Diapalma, is of a cleansing faculty, and drying up of the excrementitious moisture which is in Wounds and Ulcers, and is most in use in old Ulcers.   

Diachylum simplex, ireatum, magnum, & cum Gummi: All of these dissolve hard swell, and ease pain and inflammation; and dry up women's milk.   

Diachylon compositum; Or, Emplastrum è Mucilaginibus, A Plaster of Musilages.  
It suppurates and breaks Tumours, and heals them likewise.   

Emplastrum Diaphaenicon, Both hot and cold, strengtheneth the Stomach and Liver, stays vomiting and fluxes of the belly: make use of either, according to the nature of the distemper.   

Emplaftrum Divinum; A Divine Plaster.  
It is cleansing in Wounds and Ulcers, and is a good incarnative.   

Emplastrum Epispasticum.  
It is good to draw Blisters.   

Flos Vaguentorum, The Flower of Ointments.  
It cleanseth, draweth out bones, thorns, and whatsoever is in the flesh, and healeth speedily.   

Emplastrum Gummi Elemi, A Plaster of Gum Elemi.  
It is of special use in Wounds and Ulcers in the Head, or other parts also in Fractures of the Skull.   

Emplastrum Lapidis Calaminaris, It is of an exceeding drying nature.   

Emplastrum ad Herniam, It is good against a Rupture; and being applied to the Reins and Womb, stays abortion.   

Emplastrum Hystericum, applied to the Navel, is good against Fits of the Mother.   

Emplastrum è Mastiche, A Plaster of Mastic, strengtheneth the Stomach.   

Emplastrum è Meliloto Simplex; the Simple Melilot Plaster, draws and heals green wounds, ripens, breaks, and heals Swell.   

Emplastrum è Meloloto compositum, The compound Melilot Plaster, assuageth pain, and mollifieth any Tumour; is good against hardness of the Stomach Liver, or Spleen, and is good against the Rickets.   

Emplastrum de Minio Simplex & compositum; A Plaster of Red-Lead, Simple or Compound.  
It is cooling, and drying, and healing.   

Emplastrum Metroproptoticon.  
It strengtheneth the Stomach, and stops a Looseness and Vomiting.   

Emplestrum Nervinum, Strengtheneth the Head and Nerves.   

Emplastrum Oxycroceum, It is much used in Fractures and Dislocations.   

Emplastrum è Ranis, A Plaster of Frogs.  
It was invented for Sores attending the French Pox.   

Emplastrum Sicyonium: See the Ointment of Showbread.   

Spadarap seutela Galteri, It is drying sit for Ulcers.   

Emplastrum Stephaniaion, and Sticticum, they both draw forth corruption, strengthen the Nerves, and other parts, and ease pain.   

Emplastrum Stomachicum Magistrale, A Magistral Stomach Plaster. It strengtheneth the Stomach, helps Digestion, and stays Vomiting.   

Emplastrum gratia Dei, It is good in Ulcers and Wounds; it cleanseth, cooleth, healeth, and incarnateth.   

Ceratum de Galbano, A Cere-cloth of Galbanum, helps the Fits of the Mother, and cleanseth a Woman after her lying in.   

Ceratum Oesypatum, Mollifieth hard Swell of the Liver, Spleen, Womb, or any other part,   

Ceratum Sentalinum, (A Cerate of Sanders) It helps hot infirmities of the Liver, Stomach, and other parts.      
FINIS.  

A Table explaining the Terms of Art and other Words, which are not in the reach of Vulgar Capacities.  

A.  
ABdomen, the Belly or Paunch.  
Absurdity, Unreasonableness.  
Abstergent, Cleansing.  
Actual heat, Is a heat that can be felt with the hand, as in the fire, or things heated by it, or in the body of one in a Fever.  
Actual cold, Understand it as the former.  
Accidentally, By hap, or chance.  
Acrimony, Sharpness.  
Accident, Is a symptom, or something happening in a Disease.  
Access, Addition, joining to.  
Acute, Sharp, violent; a Disease that soon ends.  
Adventitious, Not natural springing from external causes.  
Adstriction, Binding together, shutting up.  
Adust, Burned.  
Adjacent, Lying near.  
Adverse, Contrary to.  
Adjunct causes of a Disease, Are such qualities are joined with it.  
Adjuvant causes, are such as assist the principal cause.  
Aduata, The outmost pannicle of the Eye.  
Affected, Diseased, troubled, disordered.  
Afflux, Flowing to.  
Agglutinative, Joining, glewing, souldering together.  
Aliment, All kind of Nourishment.  
Alexipharmacal Medicines, are such as resist the Plague, and all venomous Diseases.  
Albugo, The White of the Eye.  
Alteratives, Are such Medicines, as alter the quality of the Body and the Humours, by heating or cooling, moistening or drying.  
Animal Faculties, Are Imagination, Judgement, Memory; the Senses, Hearing, Seeing, Smelling, Tasting, Feeling, Going, Standing, and all voluntary Motion.  
Antecedent cause, Is the cause aforegoing, of any Discase. The antecedent cause of an Erysipelas, or Choleric Tumour, is Choler abounding in the Body: The conjunct cause is Choler gathered in the part.  
anodynes, Medicines which assuage pain.  
Aneurism, Is when the internal coat of an Artery is broken, and the external coat swelled.  
A●tepileptical Medicines, Are such as are good against the Falling-Sickness.  
Anus, The Fundament.  
Analogically, Proportionably, conveniently, equally.  
Apophlegmatisms, Medicines which draw Phlegm from the Head.  
Apozem, A Medicine made of the decoction of divers Herbs, altering and purging; sometimes Syrups mixed therewith, to prepare, and gently to purge the Humours.  
Apoplectic Medicines, Are such as are to be administered in the Apoplexy.  
Apply, Lay on.  
Aquae Acidulae, The Spa Waters; they are of the nature of Tunbridge, Epsome, and Barnet.  
Aranea Tunica, The sixth Tunicle of the Eye, which is like a Cobweb.  
Articulate Voice, Is Human Voice, or Speech.  
Aromatized, Spiced, perfumed, scented.  
Artery, Is a Sinew, or Vein, wherein passeth the Spirit of Life with the Blood, or Vital Blood.  
Arteria Venosa, Is an Artery, or rather a Vein; which from the right and left Region of the Lungs, carries Blood, and Air, to the left Ventricle of the Heart.  
Arteriosa, is a Vein from the right Ventricle of the Heart, administers blood to the right and left part of the Lungs.  
Aspera Arteria, The rough Artery, or Windpipe.  
Ascent, Going up.  
Astringents, Medicines that bind together, and straiten the pores and passages of the body.  
Astriction, Straitening, or binding together.  
Asthmatical, Trouble for want of Breath.  
Atracting, Drawing together.  
Attest, Witness, declare.  
Atrophya, When the body pines away for want of nonrishment.  
Attenuating, Making thin.  
Augment, Is when a Disease increaseth, and is not at the height.  
Autumn, Harvest, or Fall of the Leaf.  
Axiom, An undoubted Truth.   

B.  
BAlneum Mariae, Is when a Still standeth in warm water.  
Bolus, Signifieth a Morsel: it is a Medicine to be taken upon the point of a knife.  
Bellilucanae Thermae, Hot Baths in France.  
Bituminous Baths, come from a fat Clay, of the nature of Brimstone.  
Bronchia, The Branches of the Weazand and Windpipe, which spread themselves through the Lungs.   

C.  
CAruncle, is a piece of flesh growing upon any part.  
Catarrh, is a defluxion or distillation of Humours upon the Lungs, or other parts from the Brain.  
Cataphora, Dead sleep.  
Catalepsis, Congelation or stiffness of the body.  
Caustics, are Medicines which burn the Skin and Flesh to make Issues.  
Cautery actual, is burning with a red hot iron.  
Cataplasm, A Pultiss.  
Cavity, Hollowness:  
Carus, Foulness, Corruption, Rottenness.  
Caleine, To burn to ashes in a Crucible.  
Cacochymical, Abounding with evil humours.  
Cardialgia, Pain at Heart, Heart-griefs.  
Cardiogmos, Heartburning.  
Carminative, are such medicines as break-Wind.  
Catheter, A hollow Instrument to open the passage of the Urine, to draw Urine from the Bladder, or to remove the Stone.  
Cartilages, are Gristles.  
Cataract, is a Disease of the Eye: See the 11th Chap. Book 2.  
Callous, The skin or flesh grown hard, or unsensible.  
Cerates, are Medicines made of Wax, softer than a Plaster, and stiffer than an Ointment.  
Cephalick, Capital, of, or belonging to the Head.  
Chalybeated, Water, Milk, or Wine; as when red hot Steel is quenched therein: also when a tincture of Steel is drawn by Wine, etc.  
Chylus, a certain white substance wrought by the digestive faculty of the Stomach, and is carried to the Liver.  
Chirurgeon, Surgeon.  
Cicatrize, To bring to a scar, to skin a Wound, or Ulcer.  
Circumvolution, Turned round.  
Condense, To make thick.  
Congelation, Freezing, or joining with cold.  
Chorion, The skin that covers the child in the Womb.  
Constipation, Stopping up.  
Collyries, Eye-salves.  
Contraction, Drawing together.  
Cornea, a coat of the Eye like a horn.  
Compression, Thrusting together.  
Contusion, Bruising, bruise.  
Cold Seeds, The greater are the Seeds of Citrul, Cucumber, Gourd, Molone. The other are the Seeds of Endive, Succory, Lettuce, Purslane.  
Confirmed, is when a Disease is perfect.  
Couched, is when any film is pressed down, or taken out of the Eye with a Needle.  
Continuity, Joining together.  
Compact, Firmly united.  
Concoct, is when the blood is separated and made pure; or when Phlegm, or other Humours, are separated from the blood, or other mixtures.  
Connatural infirmity, is that which is born with a Man: as to be born with one hand, is a connatural Disease.  
Convex, Bunching out.  
Conjunct cause: See antecedent cause.  
Constriction, a drawing together.  
Congestion, a gathering together.  
Conjoined matter, See conjunct cause.  
Corroding, Eating knawing, biting.  
Consolidation, closing of a wound.  
Commissura, The Mould of the Head, where the Skull is united.  
Consistence, a Body or Substance.  
Complication of Diseases, is a mixture of divers Diseases in the body.  
Coalition, Healing up of a wound.  
Coincide, That happeneth together.  
Coindicants, are divers considerations in a sick body, which call for one and the same Remedy.  
Contraindicants, are such as dissuade a Remedy.  
Coction of Humours: See concoct.  
Commemorative, Remembering what is past.  
Contumacy, Rebellious, stubborn.  
Corroborate, To strengthen.  
Gostiveness, Is when the body is hard bound, and seldom goeth to stool.  
Columella, is a lose spongy piece of flesh; it sticks to the roof of the mouth just at the swallow.  
Coagulate, is to thicken any thing by heat.  
Coronal Suture, is the Seam where the two sides of the Skull close, running through the Crown.  
Crude Humours, are such as are not well digested in the Stomach.  
Critical Evacuation, is, when by bleeding at the Nose, Mouth, by Vomit, etc. the humours offending are sent forth by the strength of Nature.  
Crystalline Humour, is that part of the Eye, which is like Crystal.  
Chronical Diseases, are such as last long.  
Critical day, in Fevers, is that day as the Moon comes to the square of her place of the decumbiture, or first falling sick, which for the most part happeneth on the 7th day.  
Cupping-Glasses, are Glasses fastened with lighted tow, or flax, to draw forth blood, by scarifying of the place.  
Cumulation: See congestion.   

D.  
DEcoction, the Liquor wherein herbs and other ingredients are boiled.  
Defluxion, A flowing of humours from the brain to other parts: also humours gathering into any part causing a Tumour.  
Delirium, Dotage, talking idly, raving in sickness.  
Declination of a Disease, is, when the Symptoms decay, and the Patient gins to recover.  
Derived, Turned away from.  
Demonstrated, proved by Argument.  
Depravations, Marrings, hurting, spoiling.  
Depressed, Made flat, hollow, or dented.  
Debility, Weakness.  
Derivations, Is to draw the humour that offends from the grieved part, to another near it.  
Diuretics, are medicines that provoke Urine.  
Distillation of Humours: See Defluxion.  
Diagnosis, The knowledge of a Disease by the signs thereof.  
Diminished, Lessened.  
Discuss, is to dispel invisibly, when a swelling is wasted without breaking.  
Diverting Medicines, are such as hinder the defluxion of humours to any part.  
Dislocation, is putting out of its place.  
Diffuse, spread abroad.  
Dissipate, scatter abroad.  
Dilated, made wider.  
Distorted, crooked, writhed, wrested.  
Digestive Medicines, are such as prepare humours for Evacuation.  
Dissolved, Melted, or consumed.  
Distension, Stretching.  
Diaphragma, the Midriff.  
Diagrydiates, such Medicines that have Scammony in them.  
Dissolution of natural heat, is a decay of Nature.  
Diaphoreticks, are such Medicines as provoke sweat.  
Dura mater, is the hard membrane which covers the brain, and lieth next to the skull.  
Dung-gate, is the Fundament, or Arse-hole.  
Dyspnaea, is shortness of breath.   

E.  
EBullition, boiling of the blood or humours.  
Egression, coming forth.  
Empyema, A corrupt matter between the Breast and the Lungs, following a Pleurisy.  
Emunctuaries, The ways and paffages of Nature finds to drive ill humours into.  
Emollients, such things as soften.  
Embrochated, Bathed, moistened, bedewed.  
Emplastic Diet, such meats as are of a clammy substance: as Jellies, Tripes, Feet of Beasts, and such like.  
Emulgent veins, which bring the wheyish excrements to the Kidneys.  
Emulsions, are milks made of Almonds, or the cold seeds.  
Epipastick, a plaster to draw a blister.  
Epithemes, are certain powders put in bags, wet in wine, and applied to the Region of the Heart, Liver, Spleen, etc.  
Epidemical, are Diseases which arise over a whole Nation; as the Plague, small Pox, etc.  
Errhines, are Liquors to be snuffed up to purge the Brain.  
Eruption, Breaking forth.  
Eroded, Eaten, or eaten asunder.  
Eradicate, To pluck up by the Roots.  
Escharoticks: See, potential Cauteries.  
Eschar, is the Core that falls from the place, where a Caustick hath been applied.  
Evacuation, Is purging, emptying, or voiding.  
Evaporation, A steaming forth by Vapours, as boiling water doth.  
Eventilated, The body purged by exercise, which opens the pores o● the body, and purgeth the body; as Corn is purged by Fanning.  
Excrement, is the Dregs of Digestion, voided by Dung, Urine, and Sweat.  
Expulsion, Driving forth.  
Extinguished, Put out, or quenched.  
Extension, Stretching out.  
Extenuating, Making thin.  
Excrementitions, Of, or belonging to Excrements.  
Expressed, Squeezed out.  
Extraction, Pulling out.  
Exquisite, Perfect.  
Exasperated, Vexed, pained, molested.  
Excrescency, is any supernatural growing of flesh.  
Exuberation, is the same with an Ulcer.  
Expectorating, Spitting any thing from the Breast, Stomach, or Lungs.   

F.  
Fabric, Composition, making up, or frame.  
Faeces, Are the Dregs, or such things which settle in the bottom.  
Fermentation, is the working of the Humours.  
Fistula, A hollow, deep, and narrow Ulcer.  
Filtration, Straining any liquid thing through a brown Paper, or by a piece of cloth hanging out of one vessel into another.  
Fluid, That runs like Water.  
Flatuous, is windy.  
Fluxive, The same with Fluid.  
Fomentation, Is when Linen Clothes, dipped in some warm Decoction of Liquor, is applied to the diseased part, and often renewed.  
Five opening Roots, are the Roots of Smallage, Asparagus Fenel, Parsley, and Knee-Holly.  
Fortified, Strengthened.  
Fracture, is a breaking of the Skull, Arm, Leg, etc.  
Frictions, Rubbing.  
Frontal vein, is the vein of the Forehead.  
Fumigations, Perfumes; or things burnt to sweeten a Chamber.  
Fuliginous, Smoky, or footy.   

G.  
GArgarisms, Medicines to wash the Mouth and Throat.  
Gangrene, is a Corruption of the part, tending to mortification.  
Generating, Breeding, begetting.  
Glandules, Kernels, such as are about the Throat, and are called the Almonds of the Ears.  
Glutinous, Clammy, or gluy.   

H.  
HAbit of the body, Is the whole substance thereof.  
Hemiplegia, The Palsy on one side.  
Hereditary, From Father or Mother.  
Hemorrhoids, Are the Veins in the Fundament.  
Hemorrhagies, Is bleeding from any part.  
Hermetical Doctrine, Is that which is delivered by Physicians, who have made up their Medicines by Chemistry, or Distillation.  
Horrors, Shivering.  
Hyppocras Bag, A Bag that it made of Woollen-cloth, in form of a Funnel, to strain Medicines.  
Hypochondria, The parts beneath the Ribs.  
Hypogastrium, That part of the Belly which reacheth from the Navel, to the Hair of the Privy-Parts.  
Hydromel, Honey and Water.  
Hysterical Sickness, Is Womb-sickness, or Fits of the Mother.   

I.  
INanition, Emptiness.  
Inflammation. Great Heat.  
Irritation, Provoking  
Infusion, Steeping.  
Impulsive cause, Is the moving cause.  
Intervene, Come between.  
Inversion, Turning the inside out.  
Intermission, By ●its, ceasing, leaving off.  
Incarnate, To breed flesh.  
Incision, To cut, or lay open.  
Impact, Thrust, settled, wedged in.  
Indication, Is a hint to the Physician, what he ought to do; as extreme fullness of blood, giveth indication of blood-letting.  
Inherent, Seated, sticking, and abiding within.  
Inordinate, Disorderly, unnatural.  
Intercepted, Stopped.  
Incrassate, To thicken.  
Inveterate, Old, of long continuance.  
Infirm, Weak.  
insipid, Tasteless.  
Intestines, The Guts.  
Intention, Increase, and Decrease.  
Injection, Is a Medicine cast into the Womb, Bladder, or Fundament.  
Inspissate Juice, Is the Juice of an Herb, boiled to the thickness of Honey.  
Invasions of the Ague, Gout, etc. are Fits of the same Intense, strong, vehement.  
Irrigations, Water, Sprinkling, and Moistning.  
Intermitting Pulse, Is that which beats sometimes, and then holds still again.  
Incoctability, An unaptness to be concocted, or digested.   

L.  
LAxe, Loose, slack.  
Laxative, Which makes the Belly lose.  
Lambative, Is the same with Lohoch; a Medicine to be licked. Lenitive, Gentle.  
Ligatures, Are strings, by which the Joints of Bones and Gristles are bound together: The same is used for an artificial binding of any part, to draw the blood and humours from the diseased part, to the part that is bound.  
Livid, Black and blue.  
Looseness of continuity, is the dividing of the skin and flesh which were formerly united, as in a Wound.   

M.  
MAsticatories, Chewing Medicines to bring away Rheum.  
Malignity, A venomous and poysonful quality.  
Matrix, The Womb.  
Mamillares, Nerves like Tears, which serve for Smelling.  
Malax, To soften.  
Macerate, To steep, or infuse.  
Maturate, To ripen.  
meanings, Films, or Coats that cover the Brain.  
Meseraick Veins, that charge Chyle from the Stomach to the Liver.  
Membranes, Skins, or Coats, of the Arteries and Veins.  
Mercurial Medicines, are such as are made of Quicksilver.  
Mesentery, is that which holds the guts together.  
Morbific, or morbifical matter, is that which is the cause of the Disease.  
Mortification, is a deading, or losing of sense in any part.  
Mollify, Is to soften. Mundify, Is to cleanse.  
Musilage, is made of Gum Tragacanth dissolved in water: or by beating of any Seeds or Roots that have a flimy faculty.  
Muscle, is a part which serves for voluntary motion of the body; it is harder and less sensible than a Sinew; and softer and more sensible than a Ligature.   

N.  
NArcotick Medicines, are such as cause sleep, by dulling and stupefying the Brain and Seems.  
Nauseousness, inclination to vomit.  
Nerves, Sinews.  
Nitre, Salt-peter; the true Niter is rarely found.  
Nidorous, Smelling of Burnt-Fat, Oil, etc.  
Nocturnal Pollutions, Is when a man sheds his Sperm in his fleep.  
Noxious, Hurtful.  
Nutrition, Nourishment.   

O.  
OBstruction stopping. Oblîque, crooked, athwart.  
Obnoxious, subject, apt, liable.  
Obscure dark, hid, secret, etc.  
Occult, hidden, unknown.  
Oedema, A Phlegmatic Swelling, white, and without pain, or but little pained.  
Omentum, The Caul that covereth the Guts.  
Opiate, signifieth any medicine, which hath Opium in it; sometimes any soft Electuary, like Treacle.  
Optic Nerves, are the Nerves which bring nourishment from the Brain to the Eyes.  
Opthalmia, inflammation of the Eyes.  
Organs, Are peculiar parts, fitted for some notable service: as the Eye, to see; the Ear, to hear, etc.  
Orifice, The Mouth or Passage into any thing; the hole that is made in the Vein, by letting of blood. or in a wound.  
Original, Foundation, or beginning.  
Os Sacrum, The great Hipbone, on which the Ridge-bone resteth.  
Os Cribosum, Is the Bone full of holes above the Nose, through which the Snot issueth.  
Oval, Is the shape of an Egg.  
Oxycrate, Is Vinegar and Water mingled.  
Oxyrrhodine, Vinegar of Roses, and Medicines made therewith.   

P.  
PAralysis Paraplegia, The Palsy.  
Paroxysm, Is the Fit of an Ague, or any other Disease.  
Palliative Cure, Is the mitigating the Symptoms of a Disease.  
Peripneumonia, Inflammation of the Lungs.  
Pericranium, The skin which covereth the skull.  
Pellicl's, Little thin skins.  
Perspicuous, Clear to be seen, as in a Glass.  
Peritonaeum, The inner coat of the Belly.  
Peccant Humours, Are the Humours that offend or cause the Disease.  
Perforated, Bored through.  
, motion of the Guts, Is when the Guts contract themselves, to cast forth the Excrements.  
Paenineum, Is the Ridge-like space between the Privities and Fundament.  
Preposterous, Unnatural, unfitting.  
Perturbation, Is trouble.  
Perspirable, To be breathed through, when the Pores of the Body are open.  
Pernicious, Deadly, destructive.  
Penetrate, To enter.  
Frenzy, Is raging and madness, joined with a Fever.  
Phlebotomy, Blood-letting.  
Phlegmon, A Swelling caused by blood.  
Pharmacopaea, A Dispensatory, a Description of the making of all Medicines.  
Pia Mater, The inner Cauls and Films, which cover the Brain.  
Pituitou, Phlegmatic.  
Periodical, By course or fits.  
Pessaries, A kind of Suppositories made of Wool, to be put into the Matrix.  
Plethoric, Too full of blood.  
Plenitude, Fullness.  
Pleura, The Membrane which clotheth the Ribs on the inner side.  
Pores, Little holes in the skin, through which vapours and sweat issueth forth.  
Potential heat or coldness, Is contrary to actual; which is so in operation, not to sense.  
Ponderous, Weighty.  
Potent, Powerful.  
Pomander, A thing form like an Apple to smell to.  
Prognostic Signs, Is, foretelling what will become of the Disease, and the Patient.  
Privation, Loss.  
Preternaturally, Otherwise than the course of Nature requireth.  
Precede, Go before.  
Preparing of the Humours, Is separating them from the good blood, making them thin, if they be too thick; thickening them if they be too thin, to the intent they may be better evacuated.  
Probable, Likely.  
Profound, Deep.  
Producing, Causing, or breeding.  
Procatarctick causes, The primary and first working causes.  
Precipitated, Thrown down, cast down.  
Protraction, Is lengthening out.  
A Pugil, is as much of Herbs as can be taken up between the Thumb, and Forefinger.  
Pulsation, is beating of the Arteries.  
Pupilla, is the middlemost round circle of the Eye, which we call the Sight.  
Putrid, Rotten, filthy, stinking.  
Pustula, A Pustule, Push, or Whelk.  
Pubes, The hairy part above the privities of men and women.  
Pus, Matter, Corruption, filthiness, which runs from a Boil, Imposthume, or such like: Quitter is the same.   

R.  
RAdical Moisture, is the Fundamental Juice of the body, which preserves Natural Heat.  
Raucedo, Hoarseness.  
Rarefying, Making thin.  
Repletion, Overmuch fullness of blood and humour.  
Resolution, Weakening, or dissolving the strength of any part.  
Revulsion, Drawing back blood or humours from the part affected.  
Repelling, Driving back the humours to the affected part.  
Relaxing, Slacking.  
Remitted, Abated, lessened.  
Restriction, Limitation, exception.  
Relics, The remainders of an Humour.  
Retraction, Drawing back.  
Retentive faculty, The power of Nature to hold or keep its nourishment.  
Reduced, Brought back again.  
Refractions, Breaking of the Presentation of visible objects.  
Recruited, Made up, repaired, restored.  
Resolving Medicines, are such as loosen and scatter humours gathered into any part.  
Repercussives, Such as drive back the Humours.  
Relaxation, Looseness.  
Refrigerating, Cooling.  
Respiration, Breathing.  
Reflux, Flowing back again.  
Recipient part, Is the part which receiveth the humour offending.  
Regression, Is going back.  
Reiterate, To repeat.  
Ruption, Breaking.   

S.  
SAnguineous, Bloody. Sanies, Matter.  
Saphaena, The Vein which passeth by the Ankle, on the inside of the Foot.  
Scarification, Lightly cutting the skin, to draw blood by a Cupping-glass.  
Scorbutic persons, Who are troubled with the Scurvy.  
Situation, Place, or Posture.  
Scirrhus, A hard Swelling without pain.  
Serous, Like Whey.  
Sediment, The Settling, or Dregs of any thing.  
Sealing a Glass, Is to make the Neck red-hot and soft, and work it with a pair of Tongues till it be firm, and cannot receive, or let out the Air.  
Seton, Is an Issue kept open with a Skein of Silk.  
Sincere, Pure, and unmixed.  
Sinews, or Nerves, Are small Strings, which carry the faculty of Sense and Motion from the Brain all over the Body.  
Spurious, Bastard, sergeant, not perfect.  
Spinal, Belonging to the Backbone.  
Sphacelus, Is when the Flesh and Bone in any part is dead.  
Spasmus, Cramp.  
Speculum Oris, Is an Instrument to hold open the Mouth or Throat.  
Sphincter, The muscle of the Arse.  
Spadarap, A Cere-cloath.  
Specific, Peculiar and hidden.  
Stuphs, Hothouses, Stow's to sweat in.  
Strangulation, Strangling, choking.  
Sternon, The Breastbone.  
Stupor, Dulness.  
Sternutations, Medicines to provoke Sneezing.  
Stupifying, Benumbing, taking away the sense of Feeling.  
State of the Disease, is when the Disease is at the height.  
Suppository, is to be put up into the Fundament, to loosen the body.  
Sudorific, That causeth Sweat.  
Subeth, Dead asleep.  
Superficies, is the outside of any thing.  
Sutures, The Seams of the Head, where the Skull is joined.  
Superfluous, Too much, unnecessary.  
Suppuration, is when the matter, in an Imposthume, is inclinable to break.  
Suppression, Stoppage.  
Suffocating, Choking.  
Suffusion, is a shedding abroad of Humours.  
Sulphurous, Pertaining to Brimstone.  
Sympathy, is fellow-feeling: a Disease is said to come by sympathy, from the Disease of another part; as the Stomach being foul, causeth pains in the Head; this comes by sympathy.  
Symptoms, are evil Dispositions, which accompany a Disease; as Heat, Thirst, want of sleep, etc. are symptoms of a Fever.  
Systole, and Diastole, are the double motions of the Pulse; when the Pulse falls, contracts, and sinks under the finger, it is called Systole: The Diastole is, when the Artery riseth, and stretcheth itself out.   

T.  
TArtarous, is a matter hard and congealed, like Tartar.  
Tablets, are the same with Lozenges.  
Testicles, the Stones of a Man, or any Male Creature.  
Tendons and Cords, are made of Lgaments and Nerves, that so the Ligaments being insensible, may the better support the sensible Nerves.  
Terminated, Ended.  
Triple Weight, Thrice the weight.  
Thorax, The Chest.  
Tincture, is the virtue of any thing drawn by Spirit of Wine, or any other piercing Liquor.  
Torpor, Numbness.  
Topical Medicines, Are such as are applied outwardly.  
Torrified, Roasted, or toasted.  
Transpiration, The passage of the Humours through the Pores of the Body.  
Translation, Carrying a Humour from one part to another.  
Transparentness, Clearness.  
Transverse, Cross.  
Tumour, Swelling.  
Turgent, Swelling, working, and full of motion.  
Tunicles, Little Coats, or Skins.   

V  
VApours, Steams which arise from the Stomach, and other parts to the Head.  
Vertigo, A swimming in the head.  
Vesicatories, Medicines to draw Blisters.  
Vertebrae, The turning bones of the back.  
Ventricles of the Brain, Is the hollow places there.  
Venenosity, Poysonfulness.  
Vehicle, That which serves to carry.  
Venery, is Lechery.  
Vital Functions, are the faculties of the Heart.  
Visive Spirits, are the Spirits which nourish the Sense of Seeing.  
Vitreous Humour, Serves to the making up of the Eye, and is like Molten Glass.  
Viscuous Humours, are such as cleave, and rope, like Birdlime.  
Vicissitude, The following of one thing upon the neck of another.  
Ulcerated, Having an Ulcer or Soar.  
Uvea Tunico, A Tunicle of the Eye, resembling the skin of a Grape.  
Ureters, Are the Pipes which bring the Urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder.  
Uuula: See Columella.  
Unguents, Ointments.   

W.  
Water-gate, The Privities in Women.   
The End of the Second Table.   

A Table, explaining the Names of such Simples as are unknown to the Vulgar.  

ACacia is a Liquor drawn out of the Fruit of a Tree, called by that name, growing in Egypt, and another in Pontus; but more commonly it is taken for the Pulp of Sloes.  
Agarick, is a kind of Mush-room, that groweth upon the Larch-Tree in many places of Italy, Asia, Silesia, etc.  
Althaea are Mallows which grow upon the Salt-Marshes in this Nation.  
Album Graecum, is a Dog-Sturd that is white.  
Aloes, is the Juice of Sea-Housleek; it groweth in Arabia, Asia, Sytia, and in the Indies.  
Ammoniacum, is a Gum, which comes from a Plant called Fenel-Gyant, growing in Africa, and many other places, and in Europe also.  
Ammcos, is the Herb called Bishopsweed; growing in many places of this Nation.  
Amber, and Ambergreese, is taken from the Sea.  
Antimony, is a Mineral.  
Arsenic is a kind of Ochre.  
Assa Faetida, is a Gum that issueth out of a Plant, called Laser-wort, growing in Media, Syria, etc.  
Asarum, is an Herb, vulgarly called Asarabacca.   

Balaustines', The Flowers of the Wild-Pomegranates.  
Bdellium, is a Gum of a Tree called by the same name; it grows in Arabia.  
Benjamin, or Benzoin, is a Gum.  
Bezoar is a Precious Stone.   

Cassia Fistula, is the Fruit of a large Tree, called the Cassia Tree; it groweth in long black Pods: It groweth in Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Armenia, and in great abundance in Hispaniola.  
Caper-Roots is the Root of the Shrub, that bears the Capers we here eat for Sauce: it grows in Arabia, Italy, Spain, France, and many other places.  
Castor, is the Beast called Beaver; but most commonly taken for his Stones used in Medicine.  
Calamus Aromaticus, is a sweet-smelling Flag: There are many sorts, and they grow in many places; as Turkey Russia, Egypt, Judaea, etc.  
Camphire, is the Gum of a great Tree which groweth in India; that is best, that is white and brittle.  
Calcitis, A Precious Stone, of the colour of Brass.  
Cardamomes, is that which is commonly called Grains of Paradise; and it groweth upon a low Hearby Shrub in the East-Indies.  
Carthamus, is a Bastard-Saffron.  
Cambugia, is a Gum, as some say. I know not.  
Carabi, is Amber.  
Cantharideses, are Flies, which will draw Blisters.  
Ceruse, is made of White-Lead.  
Cicers, are a kind of Pease, sown in Gardens.  
China, is the Root of a Tree, which grows not only in China; but also in many places of the East and West-Indies.  
Coloquintida Apple, is the Fruit of the Bitter Gourd: its Natural Soil is Barbary; but it groweth in most of the Eastern Countries.  
Colophonia, A kind of Scammony: See, Scammony.  
Crocus Metallorum, is made of Antimony, and Salt-Peter; calcined in a crucible.  
Crocus Martis, and Crocus Veneris, are made, the first of Steel; the other, of Copper; by the Art of Alchemy. Read Paracelsus de rerum naturâ, and many other Authors.  
Cremor Tartari; Or, Salt of Tartar: The operation thereof, see Pharm. Dogm. Restitut. Querce. Page 585.  
Citrons, are the Fruit of the Pomecitron, or Citron-Tree: they grow in Spain, etc.  
Cypress, is a Tree now frequently in our Gardens: its Natural Soil is the Eastern-Countries, and the Northern parts of America.   

Diagrydium; See Scammoni.   

Elaterium, is the Juice of Wild-Cucumers dried.  
Euphorbium, A Tree found by King Jaba, and named by the name of his Physician.  
Emblicks, are one sort of the Mirabolans, which are six square: They grow in the East-Indies Wild.  
Epithymum, is Dodder, growing upon Time.]   

Flos Sulphuris, is a Chemical preparation of Sulphur.  
Phlegm of Vitriol, is also made by Chemists.  
Frankincense, is a Rozin.   

Galanga, Groweth in the East-Indies.  
Galbanum, is the Gum of Fenel-Gyant, which groweth in Syria.  
Gum Tragacanth; Or, Gum-Dragant, issueth from the Root of a small Bushy-Plant, called Goatsbeard. They grow in Candy, Marselles, and Mompelier in France.  
Guajacum, is a Tree as big as an Oak: it grows plentifully in the West-Indies. You may buy the Bark, or the Wood, ground at the Druggist's.   

Hellebore, Black and White; are Herbs growing as well in this Nation, as in many places beyond the Sea.  
Hermoductyls, some think, are the Roots of a Wild-Saffron.  
Hypocistis, is a Shrub growing in Italy, Spain, France, and most hot Countries.  
Hydromel, is Water and Honey, mixed together.  
jalap, is a Root like our Briony: it is a sort of Mochoacan; it is called Black Mechoacan. It grows in the West-Indies.   

Ireos, The Flowerdeluce.   

Jujubes, are the Fruit of a Tree, growing in Africa, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, and the more Eastern Countries.   

Kermes, are the Berries of the Holm-Oak, which groweth in Italy, Spain, France, and many places of Europe: Also, in Asia, Africa, and America.   

Laudanum, is the Gum of one sort of Hypociftis, called Gum Cistis.  
Lac Sulphuris, Is a Chemical preparation of Sulphur: See 582. page of Quercetan's Dissensatory.  
Lapis Lazuli, is a Stone of a green and a blue colour.  
Lapis Calaminaris, They use it in making of Brass: it is astringent, and is used in Eye-waters.  
Lapis Haematitis, is a Bloodstone, and is like blood congealed.  
Lentils, is a sort of Pulse growing in many places of this Nation: some call them French Wheat.  
Lignum Vitae: See Guajacum.  
Lignum Aloes, is a very odoriferous wood, and groweth in the East-Indies.  
Linseeds, is the seeds of Flax.  
lethargy, is the Scum of Gold, Silver, or Led.  
Lupins, There are several sorts and colours of them grow in England: it is a kind of a Bean.   

Manna, is a kind of Dew, which falls upon Trees in hot Countries, like our Honey-Dews.  
Marsh-mallows: See Althaea.  
Mastic, is the Gum of the Mastick-Tree: it groweth in hot Countries; as well in Europe, as elsewhere, most plentifully, and the best Gum groweth in Chio.  
Mechoacan, is whiter than Jalap, of the same nature.  
Mercury Precipitate, is a Chemical preparation of Quicksilver.  
Mirabolans, are a kind of Plums growing in the East-Indies: There are five sorts; the Cintrine, or Yellow, Indies or Black, Chebules or Purple, Bellericks or round, Emblicks or six-squared Mirabolans.  
Myrrh, is a Gum.  
Myrtles, Grow in Spain, Portugal, and Italy, and is a Shrub, or small Tree.  
Mummy, is man's flesh prepared with Balsams.   

Nigella, is an Herb which is common in Gardens with us.   

Olibanum is a Rozin like Frankincense.  
Opopanax, the Juice of Hercules-all-heal.  
Opium, is the Juice of Poppies, or a Liquor dropping from them.  
Oxyerate, Vinegar and Water.   

Pistachios, are the Fistick Nuts: they grow in the Indies, and most hot Countries.  
Polypody, is the Fearn of an Oak.  
Pomegranates, are a Fruit growing upon a Tree, 7 or 8 Cubits high, in Granado, Spain, Portugal, Italy, etc.   

Rhubarb, is now planted in England; but its Natural Soil, China and the Indies: There are many sorts.   

Sarsaparilla, is a prickly bind-weed: that which grows at Peru is most useful.  
Sassaphras, is a large Tree: it groweth in Florida, and most of the Western Indies,  
Sanders, is a great Tree: it grows in the East-Indies, Brazil, the Island Timor, etc. There are three sorts, Red, White, Yellow.  
Sanguis Draconis; Or, Dragon's Blood, is the Gum of the Dragon-Tree, which groweth in the Canary Islands to a goodly stature.  
Satyrimon, is a common Herb in Meadows, and is called Dogs-Stones.  
Sagapenum, is the Gum of Fenelgiant, when it groweth in Media.  
Sandarach, some call it Red-Arsenick: it is found in Gold and Silver Mines.  
Sarcocolla, is the Gum of a Tree growing in Persia.  
Seen, is the Leaves of a Tree of a small statute: it groweth in Arabia Foelix, and in Syria.  
Seammony, is the Juice of an Herb: it is a very violent purger, and an Outlandish Plant.  
Spodium, The Soot which riseth in the trying of Brass.  
Spicknard, is a low Herb: it groweth in the Indies, Italy, France, and many other places.  
Staechas is the Flower of Cud-weed.  
Sumack, is a Foreign Tree, much in use, in Physic; in dying and dressing of Leather.   

Taca-mahaca, is a Gum.  
Tartar, is a stony substance, growing to the sides of Wine-Vessels.  
Tamarinds, Groweth upon a Tree as by as a Plum-Tree, and is like a Kidney Bean-cod, full of a black substance, or pulp: it groweth in Arabia.  
Terra Sigillata, is a Sealed Earth; brought out of the straits in little Cakes.  
Thapsla, is a kind of Fenel.  
Turbith, is a Root that purgeth Phlegm.  
Tutty, is the heavier Soil of Brass, that sticketh to the top of melting Furnaces.   

Verdegreece, is the Flower of Brass.   
The End of the Third Table.   

Errata.  
IN Pag. 1. Line 11. read polifical. P. 13. l. 30. deal if. P. 22. l. 29 r venakelis, p. 26. l. 9 for any in, r in any. p. 28 l. 24. for best, r left. p. 29. l. 24. for nutriment to all blood, r nutrimental blood. p. 32. l. 18. for the, r be, p 41. l. 15. deal of, p. 46. l. 7. for gargarisms, r muflicatories. p. 51. l. 11. for plant, r plantain. p. 63. l. 13. r prodomus, p. 69. l. 16. deal of, p. 75. l. 18. r glandules, p. 80. l. 24. r Diacodium, & l 30. r Gum Tacamabaca, p. 84. l. 17. r Diaprunum Solutive, p. 85. l. 18. r Sarsaparilla, p. 86. l. 19 r glassy, p. 87. l. 30. r for incurable, curable, p. 89. l. 12. r bodies, & l. 15. after the word glass, put (:). deal the points after perfect, & l. 25. for though a clad, r through a cloud, p 94. l 14. r Lusitanus, & l 19 r Lupinmeal, p. 96 18. r astringent, & l 16. 1 when, & l 17. r cloth, p 108. l 21. r ophthalmy, p 121. l 2. for of on the, r of the, p 179. l 21. for he, r the, p 182. l 6. for Celegma r Relegma, p 187 l 28. for out two scruples, r or two scruples of, p 139. l 32. r proved, p 143. l 9 r that r the, p 149. l 15. r Errhines, in p. 190. l 12, r want of nourishment, p 192. l 29. r Fleabane: last line, r grounding, p 193. r Lohoch è Pulmone vulpis, p 198. l 4. after not, insert (:). p 202. r or appetite, p 223. l 10. r for Phlegm, Phlegmon, p 229. l 10. r Parsley pert. p 237. l 16. r astringent quality, p 253. l 24. for un, r an. p 256. l 16. for Sumen, r sum. p 258. l 5. r added at the last, of each one ounce; l the last but one, r Apozem. p 269. l 8. r in the former chap. p 274. l 29. r beginning of a Dropsy, in the chap. of the Dropsy; for p 265. r 275. & l 30. for Julep roots, r Jalap roots. p 276. l 5. r Mecoacan; l 10. for point, r pint, l 30. for of oil of Camomel, r Oil of Camomel, p 279. for Chap. 58. r chap. 59 p 296. l 8. for cough-grass, r couch-grass. p 323. l 18 r Mastic, p 342. l 31. for glowing, r glewing, p 352. l 9 after breach, r forward, & p 353. l 10. for their, r her. p 373. l 8. r Panadoes, p 374. l 30. r Scammoniate, p 382 l. 5. r fits come every day, p 403. l 6. r Leek-seed, p 404. for stapes, r stuphs, p 408. l 21. r Litharge, p 410. l 1. for , r hurt, p 411. l 15. for heal, r help, p 414. l 5. for astali, r os tali, p. 421. l 6. for pilleth, r pitteth, p 425. l 1. for ancient, r antecedent. Chap. 9 of the 3d book, read for p. 412. 432. p 434. l 2. for humours, r inward parts. p 437. r Meliseris, p 450. l 5. r 1657. from 452. to the end of the following sheet, the page is mistaken, for 153. r 453. and so forwards; p 477. l 19 for wounds in children, r worms in children, p 478 l 5. r Solutivus, pag. 485. l 5. r Sal Gem. p 488. l 23. r penids, p 489. l 20. for burnel, r burnet, p 492. l 8. r penids, p 493. l 1. read placentulae, p 495. l 9 r Alkekengi.