A SHORT RELATION OF A LONG JOURNEY, Made ROUND or OVAL By encompassing the Principality of Wales, from London, through and by the Counties of Middlesex and Buckingham, Berks, Oxonia, Warwick, Stafford, Chester, Flint, Denbigh, Anglesey, Carnarvan, Merioneth, Cardigan, Pembroke, Caermarden, Glamorgan, Monmouth, Gloucester, etc. This painful circuit began on Tuesday the 13 of July last, 1652. and was ended (or both ends brought together) on Tuesday the 7. of September following, being near 600. Miles. Whereunto is annexed an Epitome of the Famous History of WALES. Performed by the Riding, Going, Crawling, Running, and Writing of John Taylor, dwelling at the Sign of the Poet's Head, in Phoenix All●y, near the middle of Long Acre or Covent Garden. To all my Honourable, Worshipful, and honest Friends, that have subscribed to this following Bill; I humbly desire them to read it again, and consider the Contents of it, and content me accordingly. A Tailor's Bill, with few or no Items: by or for John Taylor. NOw in the seventy fourth year of mine Age, I take an English and Welsh Pilgrimage: From London first I bend my course to Chester, And humbly I to all men am Requester; That when I have passed over Hills and Dales, And compassed with my Travels famous Wales, That when to you that I a Book do give, Relating how I did subsist and live, With all my Passages both here and there, And of my Entertainment every where. Writ but your Names and Dwellings in this Bill, I'll find you, for the Book give what you will. Twelve Voyages and Journeys I have passed, And now my Age says this may be my last. My Travels Story shall most pleasant be To you that read, though painful unto me. IN this Bill I did promise to give to my friends (Subscribers) a true Relation of my Journey, and Entertainment, (which I have done) and I do give to them more than I promised, which is a brief Chronicle of Wales, (which I did not mention in my Bill) I know there are four or five sorts of Adventurers with me in this wearisome Journey, some of them have paid me already (before I went) and their pain is past: If all the rest do pay me (being near 3000) I am deceived; If none do pay me I am miserably cozened: For those that have paid, or can and will pay, I thank them; for such as would if they could, or will when they can, I wish them ability to perform their wills for their own sakes, and mine both: But for those that are able to reward me and will not, I will not curse them, though I fear they are almost past praying for. A Short Relation of a Long journey, etc. A Traveller that loves to see strange Lands, May be a man or not a man of is hands: But yet 'tis very requisite and meet, He should be furnished with good brains and feet; For he that wants legs, feet, and brains, and wit, To be a Traveller is most unfit: And such am I by Age of strength bereft, With one right leg, and one lame left leg left. Beggars on their backs their brats do rear; But I my issue in my leg do bear: I dress it often and impatiently It lies and cries not, though it make me cry; Yet I dare challenge Scottish Jock or Jackey, Or any light-heeled nimble footed Lackey, To travel such a Jaunt as I have done, With th' right leg going, and the left leg run: Or if I please, the case I'll alter so, To make the worst leg run, the best to go. And sure my heart was stout, men may suppose, To venture Travel with such legs as those. But there be some few that do understand, 'Tis merry walking with a horse in hand. Such was my Lot, I had a stately Courser, None courser qualityed, and for a worse, There's neither Halifax, or Hull, nor Hell, That for good parts my horse can parallel; He was a beast, had heated been and cheated, Too much hard over rid and under meated, That he as gaunt as any Greyhound was, And for a Horse's Skeleton might pass: You might have told his ribs, he was so thin, And seen his heart and guts, but for his skin; He was not pursy foggy, cloyed with grease, And like his Rider loved rest, ease, and peace: Dun was, and is the Dumb beast, and was Done, I begun, or he with me begun. He had a black List, from the Mane to Tail, Which is a colour that doth seldom fail: To change of paces he had been inur'd, But yet not one t'endure, or be endured; His Trot would fling a Dagger out o'th' sheath, Or jolt a man to death, or out of breath. His Ambling was invisible to me, From such smooth easy garbs his feet were free: His common Pace in Sunshine or in shower, Was (as he pleased) about two mile an hour. I never yet could put him in a sweat, For he was never free, but at his meat. Thus John upon Donne's back, were both John, And thus the tedious way we wandered on. Now to proceed in order duly, truly, I London left the thirteenth day of July: The Ways as fair as man could well desire, 'Cause I had none to draw Dun out o'th' mire: I fifteen miles (to Rislip) that day went, Baited at Edgeworth, to give Dun content; There my acquaintance, of good fame and worth, Did welcome me: the next day I set forth, With Boots, Sans Spurs, with Whip, and Switch of Burch, I got on, twenty miles to Stoken Church: The fifteenth day, S. Swithin, I and Dun, Did shuffle sixteen miles to Abington; There till the Tuesday following I abode, From thence I sixteen miles to great Tue road, There at the Swan mine Host was free and kind, He had but one eye, t'other side was blind; But surely he a right Goodfellow was, And there one night my did eat good grass. On July's twenty one from Tue I went, And unto Warwick straight my course I bent, There did I find another sign o'th' Swan, Mine Hostess kind, mine Host a Gentile man, And for your love to me, good Master Venner, With humble thanks I am your praises Penner. My gratitude to Master Jacob Harmer, His Draper's shop could never make me warmer, Then high and mighty Warwick's drink did there, It made my brains to Caper and career, It was of such invincible strong force, To knock me (in five miles) twice from my Horse: And sure I think the Drink was certainly Infused with the conquering ghost of Guy. On July's two and twentieth day I came Unto an ancient house called Hunningham, There were two Ladies of good Worth and fame, Whom for some reasons I forbear to name: Their Son and Grandson (John) I'll not forget, He's nobly minded as a Baronet; Four days they kept me with exceeding cheer, And gave me silver because Travels dear. From thence my Journey 5 miles I pursue, To Coventry, most famous for true blue; There the fair Cross of ancient high Renown Stands firm, though other Crosses all are down. 'Tis a dry City, and dry let it be, 'Twas not made dryer one small drop for me: Like a Chameleon there I broke my fast, And thence I twenty miles to Lichfield past; There at the George I took my lodging up, I well was lodged, and well did sup and cup, When there by chance, I cast my wand'ring eyon The ruin'd Church, with grief I thought on Zion: I sighed to see that sad confusion, Like th' Hebrews by the Brook of Babylon. On July's twenty seventh I road alone Full sixteen miles unto a Town called Stone. Next day to Nantwich sixteen long miles more, From thence to Chester near the Cambrian shore: There was my welcome in such noble fashion, Of which in Prose I'll make some brief Relation. MY Lodging at Chester was in the Watergate street, at the Sign of the Feathers, I lay on a Featherbed, and in the same house I met with two Brothers of mine acquaintance thirty years, they brought me to the Chamber of a Reverend Italian Physician, named Vincent Lancelles he was more than 80 years of Age, yet of a very able body, and vigorous constitution: The Young men's Names were Thomas Morrine and Francis Morrine, the people were pleased (out of their Ignorance, or in small Wit) to call the old Gentleman a Mountebank; but I am sure he was deservedly well reputed and reported of, for many Maladies and Diseases which he cured, whereof divers were judged incurable: He helped such as were grieved for three several considerations. First, He cured the Rich, for as much as he could get. Secondly, He healed the Meaner sort for what they could spare, or were willing to part withal. Thirdly, He cured the Poor for God's sake, and gave them money and other relief, as I myself (with thankful experience) must ever acknowledge: For he looked upon my lame leg, and applied such Medicine, as did not only ease me, but I am in hope will cure me, the grief being nothing but a Blast of Lightning and Thunder, or Planet stroke, which I received nine years ●ast at Oxford. For a further courtesy, when I was taking my leave of Chester, I demanded what I had to pay for Lodging, Diet, and Horse-meat, mine Host said, that all was fully paid and satisfied by the Good old Physician. My humble thanks remembered to Captain Vincent Corbet, but more especially to Captain John Whitworth at Chester. On Friday the 30. of July, I road (and footed it) ten Miles to Flint (which is the Shire Town of Flintshire) and surely War hath made it miserable, the sometimes famous Castle there, in which Richard the Second of that Name, King of England was surprised by Henry of Bullinbrook, is now almost buried in its own Ruins, and the Town is so spoiled, that it may truly be said of it, that they never had any Market (in the memory of man) they have no Saddler, Taylor, Weaver, Brewer, Baker, Butcher, or Button-maker; they have not so much as a sign of an Alehouse, so that I was doubtful of a Lodging, but (by good hap) I happened into the house of one Mr. Edward Griffith, where I had good meat and lodging for me and my dumb Beast, for very reasonable consideration, and this (me thinks) is a pitiful description of a Shire Town. Saturday, the last of July, I left Flint, and went three miles to Holy-well, of which place I must speak somewhat materially: About the length of a furlong, down a very steep Hill, is a Well (full of wonder and admiration) it comes from a Spring not far from Rudland Castle; it is and hath been many hundred years known by the name of Holy-Well, but it is more commonly and of most Antiquity called Saint Winifrids' Well, in memory of the pious and chaste Virgin Winifrid, who was there beheaded for refusing to yield her Chastity to the furious lust of a Pagan Prince; in that very place where her blood was shed, this Spring sprang up; from it doth issue so forceible a stream, that within a hundred yards of it, it drives certain Mils, and some do say that nine Corn Mils and Fulling Mills are driven with the stream of that Spring: It hath a fair Chapel erected over it called Saint Winifrids' Chapel, which is now much defaced by the injury of these late Wars: The well is compassed about with a fine Wall of Free stone, the Wall hath eight Angles or Corners, and at every Angle is a fair Stone Pillar, whereon the West end of the Chapel is supported. In two several places of the Wall, there are neat stone stairs to go into the water that comes from the Well, for it is to be noted that the Well itself doth continually work and bubble with extreme violence, like a boiling Cauldron or Furnace, and within the Wall, or into the Well very few do enter: The Water is Crystalline, sweet, and medicinable, it is frequented daily by many people of Rich and Poor, of all Discases, amongst which great store of folks are cured, divers are cased, but none made the worse. The Hill descending is plentifully furnished (on both sides of the way) with Beggars of all ages, sexes, conditions, sorts and sizes, many of them are impotent, but all are impudent, and richly embroidered all over with such Hexameter powdered Ermines (or Vermin) as are called Lice in England. Monday, the second of August, when the Day begun, I mounted my , having hired a little Boy (to direct me in the way) that could speak no English, and for lack of an Interpreter, we traveled speachless eight miles, to Rudland, where is an old ruined wind and war-shaken Castle; from that Town, after my Horse, and the Boy, and myself had dined with Hay, Oats, and Barraw Causs, we horsed and footed it twelve miles further, to a fine strong walled Town, named Aberconwy; there I lodged at the house of one Mr. Spencer (an English man) he is Postmaster there, and there my entertainment was good, and my Reckoning reasonable: There is a good defensive Castle which I would have seen, but because there was a Garrison, I was loath to give occasion of offence, or be much inquisitive. The next day when the Clock struck two and four, I mounted Dun, Dun mounted Penmen Mawre; And if I do not take my aim amiss, That lofty Mountain seems the Skies to kiss: But there are other Hills accounted higher, Whose lofty tops I had no mind t' aspire: As Snowdon, and the tall Plinnillimon, Which I no stomach had to tread upon. Merioneth Mountains, and Shire Cardigan To travel over, will tyre horse and man: I, to Bewmaris came that day and dined, Where I the good Lord Buckley, thought to find. But he to speak with me had no intent, Dry I came into's house, dry out I went. I left Bewmaris, and to Bangor traced it, there's a brave Church, but Time and War defaced it: For Love and Money I was welcome thither, 'Tis merry meeting when they come together. Thus having traveled from Aberconwy to Beumorris and to Bangor, Tuesday 3. August, which in all they are pleased to call 14 miles, but most of the Welsh miles are large London measure, not any one of them but hath a hand breadth or small cantle at each end, by which means, what they want in broadness, they have it in length; besides the ascending and descending almost impassable mountains, and Break-neck stony ways, doth make such Travellers as myself, judge that they were no Misers in measuring their miles; besides, the land is courser than it is in most parts about London, which makes them to afford the larger measure: for course Broad-cloath is not at the rate of Velvet or Satin. Wednesday the 4. of August I road 8 miles from Bangor to Carnarvan, where I thought to have seen a Town and a Castle, or a Castle and a Town; but I saw both to be one, and one to be both; for indeed a man can hardly divide them in judgement or apprehension; and I have seen many gallant Fabrics and Fortifications, but for compactness and compleatness of Caernarvon, I never yet saw a parallel. And it is by Art and Nature so sited and seated, that it stands impregnable, & if it be well manned, victualled, and ammunitioned, it is invincible, except fraud or famine do assault, or conspire against it. I was 5. hours in Caernarvon, and when I thought that I had taken my leave for ever of it, than was I merely deceived; for when I was a mile on my way, a Trooper came galloping after me, and enforced me back to be examined by Colonel Thomas Mason, (the Governor there) who after a few words, when he heard my name, and knew my occasions, he used me so respectively and bountifully, that (at his charge) I stayed all night, and by the means of him, and one Mr. Lloyd, (a Justice of Peace there) I was furnished with a Guide, and something else to bear charges for one week's travail; for which courtesies, if I were not thankful, I were worth the hanging for being ingrateful. The 5. of August I went 12. miles, to a place called Climenie, where the Noble Sure John Owen did, with liberal welcome, entertain me. The 6. day I road to a Town called Harleck, which stands on a high barren Mountain, very uneasy for the ascending into, by reason of the steep and uneeven stony way; this Town had neither hay, grass, oats, or any relief for a horse: there stands a strong Castle, but the Town is all spoilt, and almost inhabitable by the late lamentable troubles. So I left that Town (for fear of starving my Horse) and came to a place called Bermoth, (12. miles that day, as narrow as 20.) That place was so plentifully furnished with want of provision, that it was able to famish 100 men and horses: I procured a brace of Boys to go two miles to cut grass for my , for which I gave them two groats; for myself and Guide, I purchased a Hen boiled with Bacon, as yellow as the Cowslip, or Gold Noble. My course Lodging there, was at the homely House of one John Thomson, a Lancashire English man. Saturday the 7. of August, I Horsed, footed, (and crawling upon all 4.) 10. slender miles to Aberdovy, which was the last lodging that I had in Merionethshire, where was the best entertainment for men, but almost as bad as the worst for horses in all Merionethshire. August 9 I got into Cardiganshire, to a miserable Market Town called Aberistwith, where, before the late troubles, there stood a strong Castle, which being blown up, fell down, and many fair Houses (with a defensible thick Wall about the Town) are transformed into confused heaps of unnecessary Rubbish: within four miles of this Town, are the silver Mines, which were honourable and profitable, as long as my good friend Thomas bushel Esquire, had the managing of them, who was most industrious in the work, and withal by his noble demeanour, and affable deportment, deservedly gained the general love and affection of all the Country, of all degrees of people: but since he hath left that important employment, the Mines are neglected. From Aberistwith, I went to the House of Sir Richard Price, Knight and Baronet, where my entertainment was freely welcome, with some expression of further courtesies at my departure, for which I humbly thank the noble Knight, not forgetting my grateful remembrance to Mr. Thomas Evans there: that whole day's journey being 9 miles. Tuesday the 10. of August, having hired a Guide, for I that knew neither the intricate ways, nor could speak any of the Language, was necessitated to have Guides from place to place, and it being Harvest time, I was forced to pay exceeding dear for Guiding; so that some days I paid 2 s. sometimes 3. besides bearing their charges of meat and drink and lodging; for it is to be understood that those kind of labouring people had rather reap hard all the day for six pence, then to go ten or twelve miles easily on foot for two shillings. That day, after sixteen mile's travel, I came to the house of an ancient worthy and hospitable Gentleman, named Sure Walter Lloyd, he was noble in bountiful house-keeping, and in his generosity, caused his horse to be saddled, and the next day he road three miles to Conway, and showed me the way to Caermarden, which they do call 18 small miles, but I had rather ride 30 of such miles as are in many parts of England; the way continually hilly, or mountainous and stony, insomuch that I was forced to alight and walk 30 times, and when the Sun was near setting, I having four long miles to go, and knew no part of the way, was resolved to take my lodging in a Reek of Oats in the field, to which purpose, as I road out of the stony way towards my field-chamber, my Horse and I found a softer bed, for we were both in a Bog, or Quagmire, and at that time I had much ado to draw myself out of the dirt, or my poor weary out if the Mire. I being in this hard strait, having night (of Gods sending,) Owl-light to guide me, no tongue to ask a question, the way unknown, or uneven; I held it my best course to grope in the hard stony way again, which having found, (after a quarter of an hours melancholy paces) a Horsman of Wales, that could speak English, overtook me and brought me to Caermarden, where I found good and free entertainment at the house of one Mistress Oakley. Caermarden, the shire Town of Caermardenshire, is a good large Town, with a defensible strong Castle, and a reasonable Haven for small Barks and Boats, which formerly was for the use of good Ships, but now it is much impedimented with Shelus, Sands, and other annoyances: It is said that Merlin the Prophet was born there; it is one of the plentifullest Towns that ever I set foot in, for very fair Eggs are cheaper than small Pears; for, as near as I can remember, I will set down at what rates victuals was there. Butter, as good as the world affords, two pence half penny, or three pence the pound. A Salmon two foot and a half long, twelve pence. Beef, three half pence the pound. Oysters, a penny the hundred. Eggs, twelve for a penny. Pears, six for a penny. And all manner of Fish and Flesh at such low prices, that a little money will buy much, for there is nothing scarce, dear, or hard to come by, but Tobacco pipes. My humble thanks to the Governor there, to William Guinn of Talliaris, Esquire; to Sure Henry Vaughan; and to all the rest, with the good woman mine Hostess. Concerning Pembrookshire, the people do speak English in it almost generally, and therefore they call it little England beyond Wales, it being the farthest South and West County in the whole Principality: The Shire Town, Pembroke, hath been in better estate, for as it is now, some houses down, some standing, and many without Inhabitants; the Castle there hath been strong, large, stately, and impregnable, able to hold out any enemy, except hunger, it being founded upon a lofty Rock, gives a brave prospect a far off: Tenby Town and Castle being somewhat near, or eight miles from it, seems to be more useful and considerable. My thanks to Mistress powel at the Hart there. Tenby hath a good Castle and a Haven, but in respect of Milford Haven, all the Havens under the Heavens are inconsiderable, for it is of such length, breadth, and depth, that 1000 Ships may ride safely in it in all weathers, and by reason of the hills that do enclose it, and the wind and turn of the Haven from one point of land to another, it is conjectured that 1500 ships may ride there, and not scarce one of them can see another. The Haven hath in it 16 Creeks, 5 Bays, and 13 Rhodes, of large capacity, and all these are known by several names. The goodly Church of S. David's hath been forced lately to put off the dull and heavy coat of peaceful Lead, which was metamorphosed into warlike bullets. In that Church lies interred Edmund Earl of Richmond, Father to King Henry the seventh, for whose sake his Grandson (K. Henry the eight) did spare it from defacing, when he spared not much that belonged to the Church. Thus having gone and ridden many miles, with too many turning and winding Mountains, stony turning ways, forward, backward, sidewaies, circular, and semicircular, upon the 17. of August I road to the house of the right Honourable, Richard Vaughan Earl of Karbery, at a place called Golden Grove; and surely that house, with the fair Fields, Woods, Walks, and pleasant situation, may not only be rightly called the Golden Grove, but it may without fiction be justly styled the Cambrian Paradise, and Elysium of Wales; but that which graced it totally, was the nobleness, and affable presence and deportment of the Earl, with his fair and virtuous new married Countess, the beautiful Lady Alice, or Alicia, daughter to the right Honourable the late Earl of Bridgwater, deccased: I humbly thank them both, for they were pleased to Honour me so much, that I supped with them, at which time a Gentleman came in, who being sat, did relate a strange discourse of a violent ram which fell on the mountains in part of Radnorshire, and into Glomorganshire; the story was, as near as I can remember, as followeth: That on Saturday the 17. of July last, 1652. there fell a sudden shower of rain in the Counties aforesaid, as if an Ocean had flowed from the Clouds to overwhelm and drown the mountains, it poured down with such violent impetuosity, that it tumbled down divers houses of stone that stood in the way of it; it drowned many Cattles and Sheep, bore all before it as it ran, therefore a poor man with his son and daughter forsook their house, and the father and son climbed up into a tree for their safety, in the mean time the merciless waters took hold of the poor maid, and most furiously bare her away, down between two mountains, rolling and hurling her against many great stones, till at last it threw her near the side of the stream, and her hair and hair-lace being lose, it catched hold of a stump of an old thorn bush, by which means she was stayed, being almost dead; but as she lay in this misery, she saw a sad and lamentable sight, for the water had fiercely unrooted the tree, and bore it down the stream, with her father and brother, who were both unfortunately drowned: the Maid, as I was certified, is like to live and recover. My humble thanks to the good young hopeful Lord Vaughan, and to all the rest of the Noble Olive Branches of that most Worthy Tree of Honour, their Father, not omitting or yet forgetting my gratitude to Mr. Steward there, withal the rest of the Gentlemen and servants attendant, with my love to Mr. Thomas Ryve, unknown, and so Golden Grove farewell. The 18. of August, I hired a Guide who brought me to Swansey (16 well stretched Welch Mountainous Miles) where I was cordially welcome to an Ancient Worthy Gentleman, Waker Thomas Esquire, for whose Love and Liberality I am much obliged to him and the good Gentlewoman his Wife; he stayed me till the next day after Dinner, and then sent his man with me a mile to his Son's house, named William Thomas Esquire: There, as soon as I had rewarded my Guide he slipped from me, leaving me to the mercy of the House, where I found neither mercy nor manners; for the good Gentleman and his Wife were both road from home; and though there were people old enough, and big enough, yet there was not one kind enough, or good enough to do me the least kind of courtesy or friendship; they did not so much as bid me come into the house, or offer me a cup of drink; they all scornfully wondered at me, like so many Buzzards and Woodcocks about an Owl, there was a shotten thin sculed shallow brained simpleton fellow, that answered me, that he was a stranger there, but I believed him not, by reason of his familiarity with the rest of the folks, there was also a single-soaled Gentlewoman, of the last Edition, who would vouchsafe me not one poor glance of her eye-beams, to whom I said as followeth. Fair Gentlewoman, I was sent hither by the Father of the Gentleman of this House, to whom I have a Letter from a Gentleman of his familiar acquaintance; I am sure that the Owner of this Place is famed and reported to be a man endowed with all affability and courtesy to strangers as is every way accommodating to a Gentleman of Worth and Quality; and that if I were but a mere stranger to him, yet his Generosity would not suffer me to be harbourless, but by reason of his Fathers sending his servant with me, and a Friends Letter, I said that if Mr. Thomas had been at home I should be better entertained. To which Mrs. Pumpkins looking scornfully, askew over her shoulders, answered me with (it may be so) then most uncourteous Mistress, quoth I, I doubt I must be necessitated to take up my lodging in the Field: To which the said ungentle Gentlewoman (with her posteriors, or butt end towards me) gave me a final Answer, that I might if I would. Whereupon I was enraged and mounted my , and in a friendly manner I took my leave, saying, that I would wander further and try my fortune, and that if my stay at that house, that night, would save either Mr. Shallow-pate, or Mrs. Jullock from hanging, that I would rather lie, and venture all hazards that are incident to Horse, Man, or Traveller, then to be beholding to such unmannerly Mongrels. Thus desperately I shaked them off, that would not take me on, and riding I knew not whither, with a wide wild Heath under me, and a wider Firmament above me. I road at adventure, betwixt light and darkness, about a mile, when luckily a Gentleman overtook me, and after a little talk of my distress and travail, he bade me be of good cheer, for he would bring me to a lodging and entertainment; in which promise he was better than his word, for he brought me to a pretty Market Town called Neath, where he spent his money upon me; for which kindness I thank him. But one Doctor (as they call him) Rice Jones, (or Doctor Merriman) came and supped with me, and very kindly paid all the reckoning. That day's journey being but 6 miles sterling. The 19 of August I hired a Guide for 3 s. (16 miles) to a place called Penline, where sometime stood a strong Castle, which is now ruined; adjoining to it, or in the place of it, is a fair house, belonging to Anthony Turberville Esquire, where although the Gentleman was from home, the good Gentlewoman, his Wife, did with hospitable and noble kindness, bid me welcome. Friday, the 20. of August, I road a mile to an Ancient Town, named Coobridge, from whence I scrambled two miles further to Llanstrithyott, where the Noble Gentleman Sure John Awbrey, with his Virtuous Lady kept me three days, in the mean space I road two miles to the house of the Ancient and Honourable Knight, Sir Thomas Lewis at Penmark, to whom and his good Lady, I humbly dedicate my gratitude: The same day after Dinner, I returned back to Llanstrithyott, which was to me a second Golden Grove, or Welsh Paradise, for Building, Situation, wholesome Air, Pleasure and Plenty, for my free entertainment there, with the Noble expression of the Gentleman's Bounty at my departure, I hearty do wish to him and his, with all the rest of my Honourable and Noble, Worshipful and friendly Benefactors, true peace and happiness, internal, external, and eternal. Monday, the 23. of August, I road eight miles to the good Town of Cardiff, where I was welcome to Mr. Aaron Price, the Town Clark there, with whom I dined, at his cost and my peril, after Dinner he directed me two miles further, to a place called Llanrumney, where a right true bred generous Gentleman, Thomas Morgan Esquire, gave me such loving and liberal entertainment, for which I cannot be so thankful as the merit of it requires. Tuesday, being both Saint Bartholomews Day, my Birth day, the 24, of the Month, and the very next day before Wednesday, I arose betimes, and traveled to a Town called Newport, and from thence to Carbean, and lastly to Vske, in all 15 well measued Welsh Monmouthshire miles: at Uske I lodged at an Inn, the house of one Master powel. The 25. of August I road but 12 miles, by an unlooked for accident, I found Bartholomew Fair at Monmouth, a hundred miles from Smithfield; there I stayed two nights upon the large reckoning of Nothing to pay, for which I humbly thank my Hospitable Host, and Hostess, Master Reignald Rowse and his good Wife. Monmouth, the Shire Town of Monmouthshire, was the last Welsh ground that I left behind me: August 27. I came to Gloucester, where though I was born there, very few did know me; I was almost as ignorant as he that knew no body: my lodging there was at the sign of the George, at the house of my Namesake, Master John Taylor, from whence on Saturday the 28. I road 16. miles to Barnsley. Of all the places in England and Wales that I have traveled to, this Village of Barnsley doth most strictly observe the Lord's day, or Sunday, for little children are not suffered to walk or play: and two Women who had been at Church both before and after Noon, did but walk into the fields for their recreation, and they were put to their choice, either to pay sixpence apiece (for profane walking,) or to be laid one hour in the stocks; and the peevish wilful women (though they were able enough to pay) to save their money and jest out the matter, lay both by the heels merrily one hour. There is no such zeal in many places and Parishes in Wales; for they have neither Service, Prayer, Sermon, Minister, or Preacher, nor any Church door opened at all, so that people do exercise and edify in the Churchyard, at the lawful and laudable Games of Trap, Catt, Stoolball, Racket, etc. on Sundays. From Barnsley on Monday the 30. of August, I road 30 miles to Abington, from thence, etc. to London, where I brought both ends together on Tuesday the 7. of September. Those that are desirous to know more of Wales, let them either travel for it as I have done, or read Mr. Camden's Brittania, or Mr. Speeds laborious History, and their Geographical Maps and Descriptions will give them more ample, or contenting satisfaction. ONE Humphrey Lloyd Esquire, did exactly collect the British, or Welsh History from the Original, till the year 1510. after which it was continued by Doctor David powel, till the year 1584. Printed then and Dedicated to Sir Philip Sidney Knight: those who are desirous to read more largely, let them make use of their larger Book: But for such as love brevity, or cheapness, let them read this which followeth. Cambria Brittania: OR, Ashort Abreviation of the History, and Chronicles of WALES. By JOHN TAYLOR. CARADOC of Lancarvan, (a studious Antiquary, and a learned diligent Collector of the Successions and Acts of the British Princes) did write the History of Wales, from the time and Reign of Cadwallador, who lived in the year of our Redemption, 685, and continued the said Chronology near 500 years, till the Reign of Henry the second King of England. It hath always before those times, and ever since, that Writers for fear, or flattery, or profit, have used shameful (or shameless) partiality, in publishing the fames of their own Princes, and Country, above measure, and beyond truth; but in their detracting and traducing others, they have been too liberal; and in relating their Valour, Virtues, or Injuries of such they fancied not, they have been too sparing, or wilfully negligent. But to make bold and speak the truth, it is worth good consideration, to know what reason the English had to make War against the Welsh; Wales had ever been a free Country, not subject to any Prince, except their own; they owed no Homage or Allegiance neither to England, or to any other Crown, or State; their Language, Laws, and Customs, were of their own institutions, to which Laws both Prince and people were subject; they lived quietly upon their own, and they never went forth of their own bounds to rob the English, or to spoil and invade England, or any other Nation. Then the question is with much ease proposed and answered. What cause did the Welsh give to the English to make War upon them, to invade, plunder, spoil, and kill? the Answer is, or may be, Because the English were ambitious, and covetous, and also stronger than their Neighbours, and being able and willing to do injury, and oppress the Welsh, they many times attempted to subject and conquer them; and they (on the other side) did manfully resist, and oppose their English Invadors, as this brief Relation will truly declare and manifest. Thus force resisted force, the Saxons, Danes, English, Irish, and Flemings, all severally, and sometimes joined together, to conquer, and make prey and purchase of poor Wales, they all striving to have the Goods and Lands that belonged not to them; and the Welsh men (with their best endeavours) justly and valiantly holding their own. They had kept their Country & language 2700. years, and the Historians, Antiquaries, and Gentry of that Nation did record their Laws, Pedigrees, and Genealogies, with as much, or more, exact truth then many, or any other Nations. They had lived under their own Governors (from the time of Heli the High Priest of the Jews,) 1800 years before Cadwallador, who went to Rome, and died there; from which time the chief Rulers of Wales, were sometimes styled Kings, sometimes Princes; these were many times under one King or Prince, of North-wales; sometimes they had three Princes or Kings, as North-Wales, South-Wales, and Powis Land. These three Princes, although they had many and mighty Enemies, did often make War upon each other, spoiling, and harrasing their Country, to the advantage of their Enemies and ruin of themselves. But to proceed to the History. In the year 688. Ivor (a kinsman of Cadwalador) was Prince some small time; and he also went to Rome, and there ended his days. The Next Ivor, Roderick Molwinnoc, the second Prince of North-Wales reigned 30 years; he was Grandchild to Cadwallador, a valiant man, he died Anno 755. The third was Canon Tindaethwy, a gallant Prince, he Warred with good success, against Offa, King of Mercia, who would have invaded North Wales; but Canon did defend himself so stoutly, that Offa with much loss retired: the English at that time had not one foot of ground in Wales. Anno 800. Mervin was the fourth King of North-Wales, he married Esylht, Daughter to Canon; in his time Egbert, King of the West Saxons, invaded and spoilt Anglesey, and Kenulph, King of Mercia, did much mischief in Powis Land, whereby Mervin being overpowred, was slain, valiantly fight against the King of Mercia. Anno 843. Roderick the second (called the Great) was the 5. King of North-Wales; he had much war with the English Mercians, with various success, but for the most part fortunate. In his Reign, the Danes came and spoiled Anglesey, against whom Prince Roderick manfully fight was unfortunately slain. But some do write, that he did beat the Danes out of Anglesey, and slain afterwards in a Battle against the Englishmen, Anno 876. when he had reigned with much love and honour 39 years. The 6. King or Prince was Anarawd, the son of Roderick; and about that time of Anno 877. the Normans, with their Duke Rollo, invaded a great Province in France, which from the name of Normans, (or Northern men) is to this day called Normandy. In the year of grace 878. the Danes and English men came with great powers against Wales, between whom and the Welsh was then a bloody battle, near the water of Conwy, where the Welsh had a mighty Victory, which they called the Revenge for the death of Roderick. Prince Anarawd died, after much trouble, in Anno 913. having Reigned 34. years. Seventhly, or the 7. Prince was Edwal Voel, the Danes spoilt Anglesey, and the English burnt and spoiled Brecknock. Athelstane King of England, enforced the Welsh to pay him a yearly tribute of 20 pounds in Gold, 300 pounds in silver, and 200 Bieves, or Cattles. Afterwards Edwal Voel had reigned 25 years, he and his Brother Else were both slain, fight with the Danes, Anno 938. The 8. Prince was Howell Dha, he was a kinsman to Edwal Voel, he was a Prince of South-wales, but he afterwards had all Wales; the English vexed him often, and did much hurt; but still Howel gallantly resisted them, and died much lamented, in the year of Christ 948. The 9 were Jevas and Jago, or James, both Brethren, and sons to Edwal Voel. They had cruel wars with Owen, and his Brethren, (the sons of Howel Dha) in which Bicker Owen (with his Brothers) were slain. About this time the Danes spoiled Anglesey, and burnt Holy-head. And also Wales was much troubled by Edgar King of England; but it was agreed at last, that the tribute of gold, & silver, & , which was laid on the Welsh Nation in Edwal Voels time, after it had been paid near 13 years, should be remitted, and in lieu thereof, the Princes of Wales were enjoined to pay a certain number of Woolves heads (for at that time four-leged Woolves did as much mischief amongst Beasts, Sheep, and Cattles, as two-legged Woolves have done in these latter times amongst men,) and by the means of the yearly payment of the aforesaid Woolves heads, there was not one of those ravenous beasts in three years' payment to be found in all Wales, or the Marches of England. The Brethren the Princes fell our, (for Lordship and Love can brook no Rivals or fellowship) James imprisoned Jevaf a long time, at which time, the Danes entered Anglesey, and did much spoil, Howell the son of Jevaf, made sharp war against his Uncle Jago, or James, and beat him, and released his Father, after which he took his eldest Uncle Meric, and put his eyes out; but never restored his Father to his former estate, but kept the Principality to himself: This was about the year of our Lord 974. The 10. King or Prince of North-Wales (or almost all Wales) was Howell ap Jevaf, or the son of Jevaf, Anno 975. there was great wars and much bloodshed betwixt South and North-Wales; but Howell took his Uncle James, which had imprisoned his Father Jevaf, and then possessed all Wales in peace, for a short while, for the Danes broke in and spoiled many Towns and places in North-Wales, and did much mischief to the Cathedral of S. David's. And in 982. a great Army from England, wasted and spoiled Brecknock, and a great part of South-Wales; but Prince Howell made war against them, slew many, and made the rest flee. The second year after Howell entered England with an Army, in which war he was slain valiantly fight, in the year 984. to whom succeeded his Brother. Cadwallon, the 11. Prince, he first warred against Jonavall the son of Meric, whose eyes Howell had caused to be put out, who by right was right Lord of all Wales: In the end Jonavall was slain by Cadwalhon, and the next year after Cadwalhon himself was killed by Meredith, the son of Owen, Prince of South-Wales, Anno 985. The 12. King or Prince was Meredith ap Owen, or the son of Owen, which Owen was son to Howell Dha, before mentioned; he began in the year 986. and had a most troublesome Government; for the Danes again wasted Anglesey. They took Prisoner Lhywach, Brother to Prince Meredith, and put his eyes out, and the Danes took 2000 Prisoners, and either carried them away, or put them to ransom, and in the year 98. the Danes came again and spoilt St. David's, Lhandydoch, Llanbadarne, Llanristed, and all Religious Places of Devotion that their heathenish power could master. In these troubles Prince Meredith was forced to give those miscreant Danes, a penny a Head for every man that was then alive in all his Dominions; which payment was called the Black Armies Tribute; about this time all South-Wales was over-ran by the English, and (to fill the measure of the Affliction in Wales) Meredith made mighty havoc in Glamorgan-shire: So that there was not any place in Wales, free from the fury of fire and sword. But to make the measure of misery heap and run over, the Danes came once more and made a prey of the Isle of Anglesey; with which continual troubles Meredith being overladen and wearied, resigned his Princely Authority to Edwal ap Meric ap Meredith, or his own Grandchild: Meredith died 998. Edwal the 13. Prince of North-Wales, was scarce warm in his seat, but Meredith sought and fought for re-possession, and after much bloodshed, lost his labour. Then the Danes came again and spoiled much in North-Wales; and the Prince valiantly fight was slain, and the same Danes came again to S. David's, ransacked it, and spoiled all the Country. The 14. King was Aedan ap Belgored, he fought for the Principality with Conan the son of Howell, and slew him in the year 1003. About this time the Danes spoilt many places in West-Wales; and in this Princes Reign all the Danes in England were slain in one night; and Anno 1015. Prince Aedon was slain by his successor. Lhewelyn ap Sitsylht, after he had killed Aedan, was the 15. Prince; he had a peaceful and plentiful beginning, till a low born Scot, whose name was Run, feigned himself to be the son of Meredith ap Owen before named: But Lhewelyn met him, and fought with him, and in the end made Run run, till at last he killed him; And after that, this Prince was slain by Howell and Meredith the sons of Edwal, 1026. The 16. Prince was Jago (or James) the son of Edwal, he reigned over North-Wales, and Rytherch ap Jestin swayed in South-Wales, 1031. But by continual contention betwixt the Grandchilds of Howell Dha, Rytherch (Prince of South-Wales) was slain by the English; and then arose new Wars in NorthWales, for Griffith ap Lbewelyn ap Sytylth warred against Jago, slew him, and possessed the Principality, Anno, 1037. Griffith ap Lhewelyn was the 17. Prince of North-Wales, he overcame both the English and the Danes, when they would have invaded his Land, in Anno, 1038. He had much trouble with Prince Howell of South-Wales; but in the end he overcame him, and possessed his principality; after this Griffith was treacherously taken, by Conan the Son of Jago, and as Conan was carrying him away towards some Irish Ships, the Country arose up speedily and happily, and (after a sharp fight) redeemed their Prince Griffith, and Conan was forced to fly for his life. After that the Prince had another great fight with Howell ap Edwin, which Howell was joined with the Danes and English, and in a bloody battle the English and Danes were overthrown, that very few escaped; Howell was slain & Prince Griffith victorious; but peace lasted not three Months, but Ritherich and Rees, two of Jestins Sons, made War upon Griffith, and after a cruel fight all day, the dark night parted them, that both Armies returned with great loss to their homes. About this time there reigned in Scotland a bloody usurping Tyrant, named Macbeth, he caused a Lord, one Bancho, to be murdered, whose Son, named Fleance, escaped and fled into Wales, and was courteously entertained, with love and welcome to Prince Griffith; Griffith had a bountiful Daughter, with whom Fleance grew to be so familiar, that he got her with child; for which the offended Prince caused the head of Fleance to be strooke off, and in rage cast off his Daughter, who was in short time delivered of a Male Child, named Walter: This Walter grew to be a tall goodly Gentleman to whom few or scarce one was comparable for strength, feature, valour, agility and affability: And when one in derision called him Bastard he killed him, and fled into Scotland, in the year 1052, and in the Reign of Robert Bruise King of Scots, then with which King, the said Walter won such favour, for some gallant services which he had done, that with love and honour, he was made Lord Stuart, or Steward, of Scotland, and receiver of the King's whole Revenue; and from that Office did come the name of Steward, now called Stuart, of which Surname many Kings, Princes, Lords, and Gentlemen have been and are descended. Griffith ap Ritherch ap Jestin, made hot War against Griffith ap Lhewelyn, but Lhewelyn overcame and slew him, 1054. then he made an inroad into England, and with the aid of Algar Earl of Chester, he spoiled all Hereford shire, and burned the City of Hereford to ashes, and returned with much spoil. But in the conclusion the Danes were aided by Harrold King of England, and assisted by some perfidious Welsh Lords, they entered Wales with great Forces, at which time this Noble Prince Griffith ap Lhewelyn, was treacherously murdered by his own men, and his head presented to Harrold King of England. Thus this gallant Griffith, lived beloved, and died lamented, when he had governed 34 years. Blethyn and Rywalhon, were the Sons of Conum, and Brothers by the Mother's side to Griffith ap Lhewelyn; in the Reign of these two, William, Surnamed the Conqueror, came into England, Anno 1066. and in 1068. two Sons of Griffith ap Lhewelyn, did raise War against Blethyn & Rywalhon, their names were Meredith and Ithell, in these Wars, Fortune played a Game at Cross Ruff, for Ithell was slain on the one side, and Rywalhon on the other; Meredith fled, and Blethin was Master of all Wales: Shortly after the Normans spoiled Cardigan, and a great part of West-Wales, and in the year, 1073. Blethin was traitorously murdered by Rees ap Owen ap Edwin. This Blethin was the 18. Prince who left four Sons: But for all that, Traherne his Kinsman got the Principalities of North-Wales, and was the 19 Prince, at which time Rees ap Owen, with Ritherch ap Caradoc, had equal all South-Wales, but Ritherch was quickly murdered treacherously, and Rees then had all South-Wales, but Rees and another Brother of his were both slain in hot fight, by Caradoc ap Griffith, and in Anno, 1087. Traherne was slain by his Cousins, of the Line and Race of Howell Dha. The 20. Prince of North-Wales was Griffith the Son of Conan, and Rees ap Theodor had South-Wales, but Rees was mightily troubled in Wars with some Kinsmen of his, who in the end were all slain; then was St. David's spoilt and burnt by Rovers, and Rees was murdered at Brecknok by his own servants, aided by some Normans: at that time Robert Fitzharmaco Knight, and one of the Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber to William Rufus King of England, surprised the Lordship of Glamorgan, which the English do hold yet; also 12. Commanders with him did likewise take Portions of Land there: Their Names were, 1. William de Londres, or London. 2. Richard Granavilla, or Greeneville, or Greenefeild. 3. Paganus de Turberville. 4. Robert de St. Quintin. 5. Richard Sywarde. 6. Gilbertus' Humfrevell. 7. Reignold de Beckrolls. 8. Reinoldus de Swilly. 9 Peter le Sorre. 10. Johanes de Fleming. 11. Oliverus St. John. 12. John William de Esterling, now straddling. After much trouble, many cruel fights, with great slaughters of, and against Normans, English, Irish, Scots, and continual War with South-Wales, and divers places more in Wales; this victorious Prince died, much beloved and lamented for, when he had Nobly Ruled 50. years, Anno 1137. The 21. King was Owen Gwynneth, who was Sou to the last Famous Prince Griffith, he began with Wars against South-Wales, where the English had taken possession, with Flemings, Normans, and others; he chased them away, burnt and spoilt Caermarden, and returned victoriously to North-Wales, 1142. in the year, 1143. seven great Lords, all of them of Princely blood and pedigree, were slain in Wales; Also at this time the Irish did much spoil, and in conelusion were spoilt by Prince Owen, and near this time, Howell and Conan, Owen's Sons, gave the Normans and Flemings a bloody discomfeture at Abertivye, and returned to their Father with spoil and honour: Yet these Wars continued still, but the Flemings and Normans were beaten twice more at the Castles of Carmarden and Lhanstephan, from the year of Christ, 1138. to 1160 being 32. years, Wales had not so much as six Month's peace and quietness. And then, before one year was expired the Princes of South-Wales quarrelled with Prince Owen, and after some dangerous bicker Owen had the Victory. In Anno, 1163. Henry the Second, King of England, made great preparations for War, he entered South-Wales, as far as Brecknok, and returned without any cause of triumphing. And in the year, 1165. the said King Henry the Second came in Person again, having in his Army the stoutest of Englishmen, Normans, Gascoigners, Flemings, Guiencys, and some fugitive Welsh; but Prince Owen joined with South-Wales, and others, after much fight, and loss on both sides, King Henry returned without Conquest, and fewer men than he brought forth: Also the next year, 1167. the same King made a greater inroad into Wales, to as much purpose as he had, done twice before. Also, presently, in the ●ick of these troubles, another Army of Flemings and Normans came to West-Wales, did much harm, and in the end returned with much loss. Then presently, to make the misery of Wales complete, the Welsh Lords fell together by the ears one with another; and after a weary and troublesome Reign of 32. years, the magnanimous Prince Owen Guineth died, Anno, 1169. His Son David succeeded the 22 Prince, who was fain to fight for it, and kill his Brother Howell, before he could attain the Princedom. Then did Henry the 2. King of England enter South-Wales, took the Town of Caerleon from the Lo. Jorworth, and quite destroyed it: and in 1172. after a tedious molestation, Prince David ap Owen was expulsed from his Rule: and, Lhewelyn ap Jorworth, being lawful Prince, took the Government, 1194. Richard the first of that Name being then King of England. This Prince had a quiet beginning in North-Wales, but South-Wales was much vexed; for K. John of England, with David ap Owen, before named, who was deposed or expulsed, came with an Army against Prince Lhewelyn, who fought and beat K. John, and took David prisoner, and kept him fast; and the same year there was another bloody Battle fought, between the English and the Lords of South-Wales, and many men slain by the treachery of some Welsh Lords, for private interests. In 12 year's Prince Lhewelyn had not one months' quietness, yet he was still victorious. 1211. K. John came into Wales with a mighty Army, with a purpose to destroy all that had life; but he returned with great loss: and the next year he came again, when (by reason that the English King had many Welsh Lords to take his part) Prince Lhewelyn ap Jorworth came to an agreement with K. John, and gave him 20000 l. and 40 Horses: But covenants not being kept by occasion of the harsh dealing of the English Nobles, and their Officers, made to the Prince to raise an Army, and take some Castles and Countries, for which K. John caused the Gentlemen (which he had for Pledges) to be all hanged; and with another great Army he came into Wales again, to no purpose; for K. John had his hands and head full of troubles at home, with the Pope and the French, that he was forced to leave Wales, and return, to his great grief and loss. In the year of Grace 1214. there was great wars between the Lords of South-Wales and Powis, Welsh against Welsh, and much mischief done on both sides: And Anno 1215. Prince Lhewelyn made an Inroad into England; then he won Shrewshury, sacked it, and returned into South-Wales, he took Caermarden from the English, raised the Castle, and took 12 Castles more, and returned home triumphant: shortly after he subdued all Powis Land to his obedience, and in Anno 1217. he brought all Wales to his subjection. He had not a week's rest from the year 1218. to 1221. but either Welsh, English, Flemings, or other troubles kept him from idleness, and still it was his happiness to be Victor. King John of England, being reconciled to the Pope, the French expulsed from thence, and the Kingdom in quiet, the King (having little to do at home) would have the t'other bout with Wales, which he attempted with much Charge, and bad success, and shortly after died; to whom his son Henry the 3. succeeded, who made a speedy expedition against Lhewelyn, and returned home with much detriment, & peace was made for a small time; for in Anno 1231. K. Henry made another great preparation against the Prince, to the effect aforesaid. In 1232. Lhewelyn made an expedition into England, and returned with much Riches and Honour. In 1233. South-Wales raised new wars; but the Prince went in person and beat them into some quietness, overthrew their Castles and strong holds, and returned renowned. And the same year K. Henry the 3. came into Wales, with a greater Army than ever, compact of divers Nations, with an intent to destroy all he could, but was deceived in his purpose, and went home a loser: Then K. Henry sent the Arch Bishop of Canterbury, with the Bishops of Rochester and Chester to make a peace with Lhewelyn, but it could not be effected. Then this peerless Prince died, beloved, and lamented, and was buried at Conwy. He married Joan the daughter of K. John, by whom he had two sons David and Griffith; this David kept his brother Griffith in prison all his reign. The Noble Prince Lhewelyn ap Jorworth, reigned 56 years. To whom David ap Lhewelyn succeeded, being the 24. Prince, Anno 1240. This Prince was cursed by the Pope, and hated by the people for imprisoning his Brother Griffith; for which the K. of England came against him with an Army, but a peace was made, and Griffith not released, who striving to break prison and escape, by tying of Lines and Sheets, with such other stuff which he had, and as he got out of a high window, he putting all his weight to the Lines, they broke, and he being fat and heavy, fell with his head downwards, where he lay a most pitiful dead spectacle, for his head and neck were beaten forcibly into his body. Then K. Henry the 3. (as his Predecessors had often done) strove to have Wales under his obedience, to which purpose he in 1245. raised a mighty Army, and was more mightily met and foiled by Prince David; soon after David died, when he had Ruled 5 years, 1246. Lhewelyn ap Griffith, or the Son of Griffith that died with a fall, was the 25 Prince, for his Uncle, Prince David had no Issue, this man was valiant, but unfortunate, for his two Brethren, Owen and David, made War upon him, but he vanquished them, and was Master of all Wales: he strove much to shake off the yoke of England, and perforce he chased all the English out of Wales, with great slaughter, 1256. King Henry the Third, with two great Armies entered Wales in several places, did much spoil, received much loss, and returned angry. In 1258. James Lord Audley with German Horsemen, did much spoil, and killed many in Wales, but in the end, the Welshmen gave them such welcome, that few of the Germans returned. In these times in all places in Wales was continual strife, spoil, and bloodshed; for the English would Have; and the Welsh would Hold: In 1267. Lhewelyn entered England, spoilt and destroyed Chester, and much of that County; but after that, the Welsh had a great overthrow at a place called Clun, and in 1268. Henry of England with an Army entered Wales again; but by the means of Cardinal O●tobonus (the Pope's Legate) a Peace was made, and the Prince paid to the K. of England 30000 Marks. In Anno 1272. King Henry the 3. died, and his son Edward the 1. went to Chester, from whence he sent a Summons to command Prince Lhewelyn to come to him and do homage: But the Prince refused, and would not come to the King. Then two English Armies entered South-Wales, and North-Wales, and West-Wales, at once; but (upon hard conditions) a Peace was concluded, which lasted not long; for Anno 1281. they fell to it cruelly again: The Prince said, that it was a bard thing to live in War always; but it was harder to live in continual slavery: soon after, Prince Lhewelyn was slain, valiantly fight, and all Wales fell to the Crown of England, after it had continued from Brute and Camber 2418 years, to the year of Christ 1282. King's sons and Daughters of England, that have been Princes of WALES since 1282. 1 EDward of Carnarvan, son to K. Ed. 1. 1289. 2 Edward of Windsor, son to Edw. 2. 3 Edw. of Woodstock, son to Edw. 3. or the Black Prince. 4 Richard of Bordeaux, son to the Black. 5 Henry of Monmouth, son to Henry 4. 6 Edw. of Weslm. son to Henry 6. 7 Edw. of Weslm. son to Edw. 4. 8 Edw. son to K. Ric. 3. at 10 year old installed P. 9 Arthur, son to K. Henry 7. 10 Henry D. of York, 2. son to H. 7. E. 6. son to H. 8. 11 Marry, Princess of Wales, Daughter, etc. 12 Eliz. Princess. 13 Henry. 14 Charles, sons to King James. FINIS.