BE Variolis & Morbillis: OF THE SMALL POX AND MEASLES: With their Definitions, Distinctions Causes, Differences, Signs, Prognostics, and Cur●s, with Cautions in Air and Diet to prevent them.  
Also Cordial Remedies, by which we may preserve our Bodies from them, with local Medicines of excellent virtues to be applied outwardly or carried in the hand, to repel the venomous and pestiferous air from entering into the body.  
By Anthony Westwood, Practitioner in Physic and Chirurgery at Arundel in Sussex.  
LONDON, Printed by J. G. for H. Seyle, at the Black Boy over against S. Dunstan's Church in Fleetstreet 1656.   

To the Honourable and singularly virtuous, Mrs. Margaret Morley of Glyn in Sussex. The Author consecrateth these his Labours.  
Honourable Mrs.  
THe principal motive which impelled me to consecrate the subsequent Treatise unto your Name, is the same which at the first invited me to pen it, and that was to publish it to the benefit of the Town and Country wherein I live, that every one that would but take the pains to peruse this little Tract, & make trial of the receipts of Physic and Chirurgery at large declared therein, might much benefit themselves, & do much good to their acquaintance & friends.  
Honoured Mistress, nothing hath more afflicted me than the death of him who truly honoured you in his life, and was truly beloved by you to his death, your dear Brother, my best Friend, William Morley Esquire, who died of this contagious disease, the Small Pox. I shall ever admire and proclaim his virtues and goodness, who of his innate & noble disposition, loved all his followers in general, as his fellow-soldiers. I wept for him at his death, as for a Brother, and after death saw him honourably buried, as a Soldier; but I'll lament no more his death, who is translated into a better life, nor weep for him that is in joy, nor put on mourning clothes for him that is clothed with Immortality; whom death hath parted, I hope blessed eternity shall at length bring together again. So I leave him and return to you; I have strived to shape my subject to the affection of so honourable a Patroness as yourself, to whom I dedicate this rude piece, which I could have wished might have been undertaken by a more able workman: vouchsafe therefore to shroud under your protection this unpolished work which I offer not as a Present, but as a Homage I own you. And therefore the mark I chief aimed at, was not at any vain hope of praise to myself (which how little I hereby deserve I am not so weak but to perceive) but to leave a testimony to my Country, how much I desire her benefit, and to yourself, how much I am bound to remain,  
Mistress, Yours in all dutisull observance, A. Westwood.   

The PREFACE TO The Reader.  
Courteous Reader,  
THe chiefest thing that induced me to publish these Collections, was a principal aim at the good of these in the town wherein I live, which hath been much visited with these 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Variolae, or Small Pox. And therefore I have adventured to divulge many receipts of my Fathers, who lived an able Physician, and in great practice above fifty years in this Town of Arundel. I have also set down many receipts by me daily practised (and therefore need no probatum to be annexed) with divers varieties not published by any heretofore, which I hope will be to the great benefit of all such as shall have occasion to practise any thing herein contained; where I strive not to set forth an eloquent style (as if it were some fancy-delighting History) but a plain way to help the poorer sort: I here produce a thing serious, and for the general good, especially of those whom it shall please God to visit with this disease. Some perhaps will think that those who knowing such things, would be loath to publish them, and make their Science common; but I am rather of the minds of those who once a year writ in the temple of AEsculapius all the cures they had performed, and by what remedies; and I think with Aristotle, that a good thing is the better the more common it is: and as Cicero saith, we are not born to ourselves; if any thing in this small Tract may bring glory to God, any good to his People, I have my desire and aim: I will not stand to amplify any further, because all that I seek in this book is to eschew prolixity; for I know there are a sort of Critics, that will rather carp at a fault, than amend it. But Reader I end, craving thy faveurable acceptation; which will encourage me to publish a very necessary Tract of the Diseases of Women and Children, entitled De Morbis mulierum & infantium. Thus much I thought good to acquaint thee with, wishing thee all happiness.  
Thy well-wishing Friend Anth. Westwood.   

Upon the death of my very good friend Dr. JOHN WESTWOOD.  
GReat Westwood ' s fallen; let my lamenting Verse  
Do its last duty to thy mourning Hearse.  
All we can do is but to let men see  
How much we own unto thy memory.  
Great soul, discharged of thy base mould, whose Alderman  
And every part we justly Spirit call.  
Though here, he lived not here; his free desires  
Were always quickened with celestial fires.  
Thy high born soul towered to its proper place;  
Restless, unwearied, till't bade run its race.  
'Tis true, thy body made us think thee Clay;  
But thy refined self did more display  
Unto our second thoughts, whilst we could spy  
Thy Virtues speak so much Divinity:  
Through that darksome veil who could not see  
Thy Lynce ●y'd soul peep at Eternity?  
This world was but the trouble of thy mind.  
Which now by separation is refin'd,  
And like itself; thy now sublimed Spirit  
(The veil being drawn) enjoys its Eagle sight.  
What once in contemplation thou didst see,  
By death thou hast a full discovery.  
Enjoy thy Trophies Death; what thoss baste done  
Is but to make the blind enjoy the Sun.  
Instead of hurting thoss hast set him free,  
Lately a Prisoner, now at liberty.  
Triumph then in thy Conquest, who'll deny  
To lose this life to catch Eternity?  
But now I've found thy plot; great Westwood ' s Art  
Hindered thy Spoils, locked up thy rusty dart;  
His skill, like a strong Bulwark, did withstand  
The fatal strokes of thy destroying hand:  
When thou hadst passed thy Sentence, he could give  
Beyond all hope a wonderful Reprieve.  
Nay thou hadst missed him, had not feeble Age  
Made him the object of thy cruel rage;  
Then to encounter him, when 'twas too late  
(Nature succumbing) to divert his fate.  
'Twas well advised, to strike when the last sand  
Was run; Stout Champion! bid a bound man stand.  
This is thy Trophy, thus thou'rt magnified;  
Natures consumed, Oil spent, Sand out, he died.  
F. Haddon, Doctor of Physic.   

DEVARIOLIS ET Morbillis: Of the Small Pox and Measles.  
THe Small Pox is 
Variolae quid.  called in Latin Variolae.  
Those little Aspetities of the Sk●n, like St. Anthony's Fi●e, which are discussed within five or seven days without suppuration, are called in Latin Morbilli, in English Measles.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉, Papulae. Sunt 
Goreus.  eruptiones leves humorum percutem.  
Variolae. Sunt pustnlae in summa cute.  
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. Morbilli verò 
Seunertus.  sunt maculae aut tubercula parva: Subjectum est cutis quae 
Morbilli quid.  ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dicitur.  
The Small Pox are Pustles, and the Measles Spots, which arise in the top of the skin, by 
What the Small Pox and Measles are.  reason of the impurity of the corrupt blood sent, thither by the force of Nature.  
This Impurity is the relics of the menstruous blood remaining in the body of the 
Their matter.  Infant, being of that matter from whence it drew nourishment in the womb.  
It is stirred up at the first opportunity of a hotter summer, or a hidden malignity in the air, and boiling up, or working with the whole mass of the blood, spread or show themselves upon the whole surface of the body.  
There is as much difference between the Small Pox and the Measles, as there is between a Carbuncle and a pestilent Bubo; for a Bubo and Carbuncle are tumours of a near effinity, so that the one doth scarce come without the other, consisting of one kind of matter, unless that which maketh the Bubo is more gross and clammy, and that which causeth the Carbuncle more sharp, burning and raging, by reason of its greater subtlety.  
These Carbuncles and Buboes do rise in divers parts of the body, but especially where the Glandules are; because the expulsive faculty being provoked by a malignant quality, does expel the pernicious matter from the internal parts especially, the more noble ones to the external; so that from the Brain she sends it to the Glandules or Kernels behind the Ears, from the Heart to the A mpits, from the L●ver to the groins; whence swell under th● E●res called Parotides, ●●d those in the G●●yn called Bubones, do arise.  
For the Small Pox arise of a more grosle and viscous matter, but the Measles of a more subtle and hot.  
The Measles yield no marks, but certain small spots without any tumour, and they either red, purple, or black.  
There is another kind of Pustles common to children, called the Crystals, they are white, and as it were bladders full of a wheyish humour; these cause no danger: within three days they break and dry up.  
The Small Pox are extuberating Pustles, white in the midst, but red in the circumserence, yet they are scarce known on the first or second day they appear; but on the third and fourth day they bunch and rise into a tumour, and are white before they scab, but the Measles remain still the same.  
The Small Pox prick like needles, by reason of a certain acrimony, and cause an itching; the Measles do neither, because the matter is not so acrid and biting.  
That Fever which is commonly attended by the Small Pox and Measles, may justly be reckoned among malignant and pestilential Fevers, because it is epidemical and contagious, and kills very many.  

Of the cause of the Small Pox and Measles.  
Sennertus in his Tomus secundus, 
De cause variolarum & morbillorum.  fol. 191. hath these words concerning the cause of the Small Pox and Measles.  
Causam pr●x●mam & continentem variolarum & morbillorun referunt in immunditiem ● primo ortu in sanguine relictam, ex sanguine materno, quem monstruum vocart quo ●oe●us in utero matr is alitur, etc.  
Riverius saith thus, Songuinem vero maternum esse veram causam variolarum & morbillorum, inde praecipue colligitur, quod ex bominum millibus vix unum reperire louse it, qui semel saltem in vita hos affectus non patiatur. At morbus omnibus hominibus cō●unis à causa aliqua com ouni necessariò dependet; qualia sunt generationis principia, semen nimirum & sanguis maternus.  
But that the Seed cannot be the cause, he goes farther, and gives this reason.  
At semen non potest esse causa variolarum & morbillorum, cum ab to morbi haereditarii & tota vita perdurantes oriantur, etc.  
The meaning of these two learned and judicious Authors, is this, That the mother's blood is the true cause of the Small Pox and Measles, and that it is hence chief gathered, because among many thousands of men it is hard to find one, who once in his life hath not had these diseases. But a disease common to all men, must needs depend upon some common cause; such as are the principles of Generation, viz. the Seed and Mothers Blood.  
But the Seed cannot be the cause of the Small Pox and Measles, because from it come hereditary diseases, such as last a man's life-time, as some Gouts, which are affirmed by the most judicious Authors, to be engrafted and here ditary from the parents; yet they do not deny but that there are some Gouts which are adventitious, caused by external causes, and errors in Diet. It remains therefore that the Small Pox and Measles spring from the Mother's Blood, with which the child is nourished in the womb; for therein, be it never so pure, some impurities are found, which communicate their pollution to the parts of the child; and that pollution of the parts doth defile the mass of blood; and being provoked by some occasion, doth make the same to boil, by help whereof the blood ferments & is purified, both it & the parts aforesaid.  
Riverius saith farther, that the Arabians do manifest this by a clear example of Wine, which being poured whiles it is new into a musty or il-qualited vessel, receives that ill quality from the vessel, but when it gins to work and purify, it cleanseth both itself and the vessel.  
It is not to be wondered at, that the breaking out of the Small Pox and Measles, is sometimes so long deferred, as that some have them at man's estate: for those impurities do not substantially remain in the body, as many imagine; for they would be corrupted by long stay, and acquire a most grievous putrefaction. But only an evil quality is by them imprinted upon the parts of the child, which in process of time infecting some part of the humours, becomes offensive to Nature; which than rousing herself, doth drive those infected portions of the humours into the skin.  
And although the Small Pox are wont to break forth in the whole body, yet they appear in greatest quantity in the face, feet, and hands, which are the Emunctories of the Liver: whence it comes, that such as have hot Livers, have red and rubied Faces, and feel● intense heat in the palms of their hands and soles of their feet; it follows, that the Small Pox and Measies must come out there more than any where else.  
The Expulsion therefore of Small Pox and Measles is caused by an Ebullition of the the blood; which Ebullition, saith Avicen, Duplex est, una perfectiva, altera ver ò corruptiva; perfectiv a seu depurativa ea est, in qua parts tantumm impuriores & excrementitiae sanguinis putrescunt, & à natura expurgantur, ut tota massa pura postmodum relinquatur.  
Corruptiva vero est, in qu● non solum partes sanguinis excrementitiae, sed etiam sanguis ipse sincerus computrescit. Vnde periculosae & lethales variolae oriuntur, etc.  
This Ebullition of the blood is twosold, the one Perfective, the other Corruptive. The Perfective or Depurative, is that in which only the impurer and excrementitious parts of the blood are by nature purged forth, that the whole mass may afterward remain pure.  
But the Corruptive is, wherein not only the excrementitious parts of the blood but the sincere blood itself is putrefied, whence arise dangerous and deadly Pox. This corruptive Ebullition doth chief happen when those diseases are epidemical, being occasioned by a malignant constitution of the air, by which an Ebullition of the humours, and a malignant putrefaction is caused.  
Pox and Measles are reckoned among acute diseases, because ordinarily they are terminated within the space of fourteen days. Some do observe a double order of times in this disease, viz. the time of ebullition, and the time of cruption; the time of ebullition is commonly terminated in four days, so that the 1st. day is counted the beginning, the second the augment, the third the state, and the fourth, the declination: for then the fever and other symptoms are wont to remit.  
But the beginning of the cruption of the Pox is the fourth day itself, the augment reaches to the seventh, the sta●e until the eleventh, the declination unto the fourteenth, at which time the Pox are dried; yet often times they are not dry until the twentieth day.   

Of the external causes of the Small Pox and Measles.  
The general and natural causes are two, that is, the 
Causa procatarctica.  infection of corrupt Air, and a preparation and fitness of corrupt Humours to take that infection.  
The Air becomes vicious and burtfull to men for the most part, by a threefold means.  
First, if it be not blown thorough with wholesome winds.  
Secondly, if it b● polluted with the infection of putrid and stinking exhalations.  
Thirdly, if by an excess or preposterous condition of the first qualities, it doth so alter men, that thereby evil and malignant putrefactions of the humours be engendered.  
For those qualities when they are increased above their natural condition, they are the principles of purtrefactions.   

Of the difference of Small Pox and Measles.  
The difference of Small 
Differentiae variolarum & morbillorum.  Pox and Measles are taken either from the substance, in regard of which, some are more or less phlegmatic; or from the quantity, in which regard they are more or less in number, greater or less, profound or superficial; or from the quality, in which respect some are red, others white, yellowish, violet-coloured, livid, black, according to the diversity of humours, of which they are compounded.   

Of the signs of the Small Pox and Measles. 
De figuis variolarum & morbillorum. Actiones laesae.   
These following signs declare them to be at hand.  
Pain in the head, with pulsation in the forehead and temples great sleepiness, terrors in sleep, sometimes rave, trembling, and convulsions, sneezings, frequent yawning, hoarseness, cough, 
Qualitares corporis muta●●.  difficulty in breathing, heat, redness, and sense of pricking over the whole body, pains in their backs, a nauseous disposition and vomiting, their eyes are fiery and swollen, their urine-red and troubled. All which are caused either by many and thick vapours, sent up by the boiling of the blood into the head, Diaphragma, and other parts; or from the nature of the Pox themselves, now beginning to invade the parts.   

Of the Prognostics.  
For the Prognostics, we 
Prognest:  may truly say, that the matter whence this effect takes its original, partakes of so melign, pestilent, and contagious a quality, that not content to mangle and spoil the fleshy parts; it also eats and corrupts the bones, like the lues venerea (as hath been observed by divers, in many killed by the malignity of this disease, and dissected) that it causeth such impression of corruption in the principal parts, as brings the Dropsy, P●hisick, a Hoarseness, Asthma, bloody Flux ulcerating the Guts, and at length bringing death; Nam si non solum in cute, sed & in partibus internis, ventre, intestinis, pulmone erumpant, etc. Dan, Sennerti Tom. 2. l. 4. c. 12. They do not only molest the external parts, by leaving the impressions and scars of the Pustles and Ulcers, rooting themselves deep in the flesh, but also oft times they take away the faculty of motion, eating asunder, and weakening the joints of the elbow, wrist, knee, and ankle. Moreover, sundry have been deprived of their sight by them, others have lost their hearing, and othersome their smelling; a fleshy exerescence growing in the passages of the nose and ears.  
But if any relics of the disease remain, and that the whole matter thereof be not expelled by the strength of nature, than symptoms afterwards arise, which savour of the malignity of the humour, yea and equal the harm of the symptoms of the lues venerta.  
It is of great moment to fore see the Small Pox, but much more to foretell their event, which th●se following prognostic signs will declare.  
Those Small Pox are void of danger, which come out soon and easily, and do quickly ripen, in which the Fever is moderate, without great symptoms, which ceases after they are come out, in which the voice is free, and breathing easy.  
Small Pox, which at first are red and white, soft, distinct, few, round, pointed, coming only in the skin, and not inwardly, are wont to be safe.  
All the signs aforesaid do signify the paucity of the morbific Matter, its obsequiousness, benignity & strength of nature lustily expelling.  
Contrariwise, dangerous and deadly Pox are known by a great Fever, which lessens not after they are broke forth; for it signifies the malignant & venomous humours are not sufficiently expelled unto the skin, but that the greatest part of them remains yet in the veins.  
Great anxiety and un quietness, which comes from the same humours boiling in the veins.  
Difficulty of breathing, which signifies either Pustles or Imposthumes in the Lungs, or a Squinansie, or great decay of strength.  
Great thirst, which declares the inward burning; and if with the thirst, shortness of breath be increased, death is at hand.  
A Looseness, or Bloody flux, which shows the malignant humours have their recourse inward, which is a course quite contrary to that of Nature, and therefore deadly; so that few of those which after the Pox coming out, are taken with such a looseness, do escape.  
A bloody Urine is a most deadly sign, and likewise if by stool pure and sincere blood be voided.  
Sometimes also by the Nostrils, Gums, and other parts of the body, blood is voided, which are commonly deadly signs; for they signify the extreme acrimony and malignity of the blood.  
Also Pox long a coming out are very bad, which signify the contumacy of the matter, or the weakness of nature.  
Many, great, double, and united Pox do show an over-abundant quantity of Morbific matter, and are bad; so are hard ones, which show the thickness and incoctibility of the matter.  
Flat Pox show the weakness of the expulsive faculty, and they are worse, if they have a black spot in the middle of them, which argues extraordinary malignity.  
They are worst of all, which when they are come forth do presently vanish, and the tumour of the parts falls; for they signify the retirement of the humour inwards, and none of those escape who have the Pox on this manner going in again, but they die commonly within twenty four hours.  
They are also dangerous, when spots, like those of the purple or spotted Fever, are mingled among the Pox, especially if those spots be livid or black, for they signify not only the same light putrefaction, which is wont to happen in the Small pox by means of the Ebullition of blood, but also that intense and profound malignity is peccant; from which greater danger is threatened to the patiented.  
Dung or urines in this disease livid or black, do portend great danger; for they signify that Melancholy abounds in the veins, and infects the whole mass of blood.   

Of the cure of the Small Pox and Measles.  
River. in his Prax. med. fol. 156. hath these four jodications. Curatio variolarum & morbillorum quatuor indicationsbus perficitur; quarum prima virsatur in humorum quantitate peccantium evacuations.  
Secunda● in motu naturae, seuvariolarum expulsione adjuvarda.  
Tertia, in malignae & venenatae qualitatis oppugnatione.  
Quarta dei●que, insymptomat●m correctione.  
Q●ae omnia ut commode perfic antur, primum idonea victûs ratio insti●nenda est etc.  
That is, That the cure of the Small pox and Measles is performed in the satisfection of four Indications; whereof the first consists in the evacuation of the peccant humours.  
The second, in assisting the motion of nature, or helping to expel the pox.  
The third, in the opposition of the malignant and venomous quality.  
The fourth, in Correction of Symptoms.  
All which that they may be conveniently effected, first a convenient diet must be appointed.  
As for point of nourishmen, the Ancients were so severely diligent, as to place the greatest part of the cure in orderering the diet.  
B●cause, say they, there are no kinds of sicknesses that so weakens the strength, as contagious diseases, it is always necessary, but yet sparingly and often to feed the patiented, still having respect unto his custom, age, the region, and the time; for through emptiness there is great danger, left that the venomous matter that is driven out to the fuperficiall parts of the body, should be called back into the inward parts by an hungry stomach, and the stomach itself should be filled with choleric, hot, thin, and sharp exerementall humours, whereof cometh biting of the stomach, and gripe in the guts.  
Sweet, groste, moist, and clammy meats, and those which are of subtle parts, are to be avoided; for the sweet do soon enslame, the moift will putrify, the gross and clammy obstruct, and therefore engender putrefactions.  
Therefore let this be their 
Diaeta.  order of diet; let their bread be of Wheat or Barley, well wrought, neither too new, nor too stolen; let them be fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested, and may engender laudable juice, and very little excremental, as are the flesh of Lambs, Kids, Partridges, Thrushes, Larks, Pheasants, and such like, avoiding Water-fowls, Let the flesh be moistened in the juice of garden and wild Sorrel: for sour things are very wholesome in this kind of disease, for they do stir up the appetite, resist the venomous quality and putrefaction of the humours, restrain the heat of the Fever, and prohibit the corruption of the meats in the stomach. But those that have a more weak stomach, and are subject to the cough, and diseases of the lungs, must not use these, unless they be mixed with Sugar and Cinnamon.  
If the Patient at any time be fed with sodden meats, let the broths be made with Lettuce, Borage, Sorrel, and Marigolds, the Coaling seeds, French barley, and Oatmeal, with a little Saffron, for Saffron doth engender many spirits, and resisteth poison, To these, if need require, the opening roots may be added to avoid obstructions.  
Fishes are altogether to be avoided, because they soon corrupt in the stomach; but if the Patient be delighted with them, those that live in pure & sandy water, & about rocks & stones, as are Trout, Pearches, Gudgeons, Pikes, and Cravises boiled in milk.  
Eggs potched, and eaten with the juice of Sorrell are very good.  
But after the spots appear, than the chief diet must be Pomadoes, Almond creames, jellies, eullasses, and such like, until the Fever be past.  
For Drink, a decoction of Barley or Heart's horn is profitably used, in the beginning of the disease especially, and when the Fever is vehement.  
But if the Fever be not very violent a decoction of Barley, Figs, & Heart's horn, will be very profitable.  
A decoction of French prunes is very pleasing to the taste?  
Also the syrup of dried Red Roses, with Barleywater, or small Beer.  
Foreslus doth much commend a decoction of Barley and figs to be very profitable, to drive the humours to the skin.  
In the whole course of the disease sleep aught to be moderate, for too sound sleep draws back the matter to the centre.  
Now that the aforesaid Indications may be fulfilled, the cure must be begun by blood-letting; but we must consider the Small pox ante eruptionem before any spots appear, and post eruptionem, after the spots appear; before any spots appear, especially in a full body, Phlebotomy may safely be done.  
Incipiente morbo, ubi adist sanguinis redundantia, si vires & ●ae●as permittant, nil melius putatur, quam à venae sectione initium facere: In the beginning of the Small pox, where blood doth much abound, if strength and age permit, no remedy so safe as letting blood.  
Hollerius saith thus, Primo 
Holler. demorbis internis.  aut secundo die sanguis detrahendus est; on the first or second day blood is to drawn away; and his reason is this, Sic enim melius transpirat corpus, putredinis causa intercipitur, levatur natura, & si quid vitii reliquum est, celerius in superficiem corporis repurgatur, etc. For by letting blood, respiration is much helped, and the cause of putrefaction is intercepted, nature is eased, and the corrupt humours are more speedily sent from the centre to the circumference.  
Fuchsius hath these words, Si 
Fuchsius.  adulti corripiuntur exanthematis, initio curationis, si corpus plenum fuerit, sanguis mittendus; idque faciendum antequam appareant exanthemata; If adult or grown persons be taken with the Small pox, in the beginning, if they have full bodies, blood is to be taken away; but let it be done before the spots appear: and of this opinion are most of the learned Physicians.  
In ebullitione were perfectiva seu depurativa, sanguis detrahendus non est; in corruptiva verò venae sectio maximè necissaria, etc. When there is an ebullition perfective merely and depurative, blood is not to be taken away; but in a corruptive, blood-letting is very necessary: so necessary is blood-letting in dangerous Pox, in which the corruptive ebullition is wont to happen, that the tender age of infants must not hinder it. Amatus Lucitanus 
Venae sectio in infantibus.  let a child blood of five years old that had the Small pox, and took away four ounces of blood, who soon recovered.  
And he let another blood 
Sennertus tomus secundus, 196.  of seven years old, and took away six ounces of blood. And Avenzoar let his son blood at three years old, who oon after recovered.  
Some give counsel to let blood though the spots appear in full bodies, where the Fever is violent.  
Good tendance is a main and principal help in this disease, for experience doth manifest, that if they be kept too hot or too cold, or take cold beer or broth, how dangerous it is.  
You must neither purge nor draw blood, the disease increasing or being at the height, unless there be a great plenitude, or else the disease complicate with other, as with a Pleurisy or Squinancy, which require it; for purging causes a motion from the circumse. rinse to the centre; and to whomsoever having pox, a looseness happening, the pox commonly strike in, and the party dies.  
But when the height of the disease is over, and in the deelination thereof, you may with Cassia, Manna, Tamarinds, and syrup of Roses, or some stronger medicine, evacuate the relics of the disease.  
But if the belly be hard and bound, it may gently be removed, 
Purgatio;  but not provoked; and that by a suppository of Honey alone without Salt, or with a Clyster of Milk, or a decoction of French barley, Raisins and Licoris, with Sugar and yolks of Eggs.  
The next Indication is in the assisting the motion of nature, or helping to expel the Pox, which must be helped forward with Diaphoreticks and Alexipharmicks; that is, with such things as cause sweat, and resist the venom of the disease.  
When you perceive the pox coming out either on the Patient's breast or face, make this Posset; Take of Ale or Beer, which the Patient likes best, make a posset with new Milk and take off the curd, and boil in a pint of the posserdrink, of rasped Hearts horn and Marigold flowers, of each one spoonful, six or eight leaves of Sorrell, a little Liquorish sliced, a few Figs cut in pieces; take this bloodwarm, and drink no other drink for two or three days, until they come out.  
Some commend this following 
A Sudorisick decoction.  decoction; of Figs, husked Lentils, Citron seeds, the seeds of Fennel, Parsley, Smallage, roots of Dog-grasse, Raisins, and Dates; for such a decoction certainly if it have power to cause sweat, hath also a faculty to send forth unto the skin the morbific humour.  
Riverius saith this following Medicine is much commended by Rhasis, Avicen, and the Arabian Physicians, and much used by our later Physicians to drive our the Pox.  
Take fat Figs seven ounces, Lentils shalled three dramms, Lack two dams and a half, Gum, Tragacanth, and Fennell seed, of each two dams, Saffron fifteen grains, Raisous five dams; boil all in a pint and half of Fountain-water to the third part, let the Patient drink thereof. The Saffron opens and corroborates, the Raisins do strengthen the Liver: and Tragaganth, although it do incrassat and astringe, that is thicken and bind, yet it is therefore mingled with the rest, that it may prohibit the overgreat ebullition of the blood.  
But if the malignity be very great, you must chief use Antidotes: The best that I know I here give you, and I believe there is not a better.  
Take of oriental Pearls, of Crabs eyes, of red Coral, of Heart's horn, of white Amber, of the roots of Scorzonera, by some called Viperaria, or Viper's grass, of the roots of Contrayerna, of each a like quantity, of the black tips of Crabs claws, being wiped very clean, so much as of all the rest: Beat all in a clean mortar, into very fine powder, and search them through a fine Lawn searce, make all these into a mass with jelly of Heart's horn, wherein you must infuse some store of Saffron; make it like passed with continual beating of it, then make it into balk, rolling them smooth in the palms of your hands, and when they are dry keep them in a box wrapped up several in papers for your use; if they be kept dry it is the better, they will last long without decaying; when you have use for this powder, take one of the balls cut, or scrape some of it, and after make it very fine by bruising it with a knife, or otherwise; it is to be taken in a spoonful of good distilled water, as of Carduus, Scabious, but the best is Marigold-water, take a spoonful without powder after it, to wash it down: you may give of this powder at one time twelve or eighteen grains, and in the highest extremity twenty grains, and that every tweive hours; you may give to a child eight grains, or as you shall see cause.  
This powder is most excellent against all infectious diseases, for the Plague, being taken at first being infected; it is good also for Agues and Fevers, for pains of the heart, for trembling of the heart, it doth restore those that be falling into Consumptions, adding a little syrup of Gillyflowers, it driveth forth the Small pox and Measles; given in a little conserve of red Roses, it stayeth Fluxes; and being taken in time, it preserveth from all infections; it provoketh neither stool nor vomit, nor giveth offence to the taste, smell, or stomach; it worketh insensibly and without violence to nature, and is of such virtue, that neither Unicorn's horn nor Beazar stone can equal it, though taken in a double quantity: I have used of it this twenty years, and have always a good quantity of it by me: I wish all that are able, to have some of it in a readiness by them. I remember my Father did use to call it his Antidote Contrayerva, his Antidote against poison. Gerhard saith, the powder of the root Contra-yerva taken in Whitewine, is a most present remedy against poison, 
Monardus.  of what nature soever it be (only sublimate excepted, whose malignity is only extinguished by drinking of Milk.)  
The root Scorzonera by most called Viperaria, or Viperina, or Serpentaria, because it is of force and efficacy against poisons of Vipers and Serpents; the virtues of this root are many.  
1. It is most excellent against the infect●ons of the Plague, and all poisons of venomous Beasts, being made into fine powder and taken in Treakle-water.  
2. It is good in all pestilent Diseases, taken in posset-drink with Saffron.  
3. It helpeth the infirmities of the Heart, and such as use to swoon, given in Sack and Borage-water.  
4. It doth help Convulsions in children, given in Sage or Lavender-water.  
5. It doth cure the biting of a mad Dog, drunk in Rose-vinegar.  
6. It causeth a speedy Delivery, given in  Wine with a few Cloves and a little Mace.  
7. It is a good Cordial in all fits of the Mother, given in Rue, Sage, or Lavender-water.  
8. It cureth also them that have the Falling-sickness, and such as are troubled with giddiness in the head, taken in Conserve of Rosemary flowers.  
The root condited with Sugar, as are the roots of Eringus, and such like, work the like effects, and so doth the roots of Contra-yerva.  
The Confection of Hyacinth 
Confectio de Hyacintho.  is a great Cordial, exceeding good in acute Fevers, and contagious Diseases; it doth much strengthen and cherish the heart, half a dram is given at a time.  
There is a Treacle-water which is exceeding good to expel the Pox and Measles, it is much used in Fevers, especially pestilential; it strengtheneth the heart and vitals, it is an admirable Counterpoison; the Composition is as followeth.  
Take of the juice of green Walnuts four pound, the juice of green Rue three pound, juice of Carduus Benedictus, 
Aqua Theri●calis.  Marigolds, Bawm, of each two pound, the roots of Petasites, or Butter-burres, fresh and green, a pound and a half, the roots of Burrs one pound, roots of Angelica and Master-wort, green, of each six ounces, Scordion four handfuls, old Venice-treacle and Mithridate of each eight ounces, Canary wine twelve pints, White-wite Vinegar six pints, juice of Lemons a quart; digest them two days in a bath, let the vessel be well stopped, then distil it in send for your use.  
Gascons powder made with Oriental Beazor, is very good against all malignant and pestilent Diseases, Small pox, Measles, Plague, malignant or scarlet Fevers; the Dose is ten or twelve grains in Carduus or Dragon-water.  
Conserve of red Roses and Mithridate in Marigold-water I have found very good; and recovered many with it, especially when there has been great Fluxes; for the Conserve doth give an effectual binding and certain strengthening quality; and the Mithridate doth expel and keep out the Pox.  
East India Bezoar powdered small in posset drink, is very effectual; the Dose is from three to eight grains, according to the strength and age of the Patient.  
Sennertus commends Bezoar, 
Pulvis ex. pulsivus.  with the solution of Pearls; half a scruple in the waters of Sorrel, Scabious, Carduus, and Marigold-flowers.  
Also these following Potitions are much commended by the same Author.  
Take Figs seven dams, Lentils shalled three drams, Gum traganth and Fennell-seed, of each two dams; boil all in a pint and half of Fountain-water, to the third part, give the Patient drink thereof.  
Or this: Lentils shalled 
Potio ad Morbillos.  four ounces, Figs sliced ten, Raisins of the Sun stoned 2 ounces, Fennel seeds bruised three dams, Saffron one scruple, Gum-lacc one dram and a half; boil all in three pints of water to a pint, give of the strained liquor four or five ounces for a Dose to drink.  
Or this: Take fat Figs, in number thirty, Lentils three handfuls, Turnip seed seven dams, Barley cleansed from the husks ten ounces, Fennell seed ten dams; cut and bruise all, and put into five pints of water, let it stand and infuse a day on a very gentle fire, close covered, afterwards distil it for your use.  
Or this, Take Turnep-seed one dram, Annis, and Fennel seeds each two drams, cleansed Barley and Lentils each half an ounce, four Figgs sliced; boil all in Carduus water in a close-covered vessel; give of the strained liquor two or three spoonfuls at a time.  
I have often given Mithridate half a dram at a time, with syrup of Gillyflowers in Carduus or Marigold-water; and so I have Venice-treacle, London-treacle, and Diascordium, in like manner, with good success.  
For Mithridate is an excellent Antidote, and good against pestilent and contagious Diseases, it is good against Poison, and such as have done themselves wrong by taking filthy Medicines; it provokes Sweat, and helpeth weakness of the Limbs, and Diseases coming of cold.  
Venice-treacle is a good remedy in pestilential Fevers; it resists Poison, and the bitings of venomous Beasts; it is good against the Falling-sickness, Apoplexies, the Colic, and iliack passion, etc.  
London-treacle is a good Antidote in pestilential times; it resists Poison, strengthens cold Stomaches, helps digestion and crudities of the stomach.  
Diascordium mightily strengtheneth the Heart and Stomach; it provokes Sleep, and is used in Fevers for that purpose.   

What parts must be armed against, and preserved from the Pox.  
The Eyes, Nose, Throat, Lungs & inward parts, aught to be kept freer from the eiuption of Pustles than the other parts.  
You must defend the eyes when you first begin to suspect the disease, with the eyelids also, moistening them with Rose-water, a little Camphire and Saffron, with two or three drops of Vinegar.  
Or with Plantine and Rose-waters, in which a little Saffron is dissolved.  
Also Woman's milk mixed with Rose-water, & often renewed.  
But if the eyes be much swollen and red, you must strengthen the sight with Fennell or Eyebright-water.  
White Rose and Eye brightwaters, with a little Camphire, and with a feather dress them often in a day.  
To preserve the Face, that the Pox leave not behind them pits and scars, which doth often deform the countenance: when they are ripe, and are high and white in the middle, then mingle Spermaceti and oil of sweet Almonds together to an ointment, and with a feather anoint the face therewith, being a little warmed: this will cause them to scale.  
Oil of sweet Almonds new drawn, without fire, is excellent for the same purpose; and so is oil of Nute new drawn without fire, and mixed well with a like quantity of Rose-water, till they come to the form of a lineament, then anoint with a feather twice a day.  
This following Lineament is much used.  
Take of fat Bacon one pound, cut it in thin slices, and hang it in a string before the fire, that it may melt, and let it drop it into half a pint of Rose and Plantine-water, and when it is all melted, let it roole, and then bear it out of the water with a clean Spatula, then wash it in three ●● four several waters more▪ than 〈◊〉 out the water, and mix the fat with a dram of Spermaceti, and anoint the face with a feather.  
Oil of bitter Almonds two ounces, with Spermaceti half an ounce, is very good to anoint the face after the pox are dried, to cause them to fall off. without leaving any marks,  
The oil of yolks of Eggs is very good to clear the skin, and restore hair, and to cure the Malign ulcers, which many times happens after the Pox: it is thus made.  
Take of newlaid Eggs one hundred, boil them until they be hard, and take out the yolk and cut them in pieces, and put them into a frying-pan until they turn reddish, and yield a faity moisture, then take them and put them hot into a hair bag, and press out the oil.  
It is the practice of many that when the Pox be ripe, to boar them thorough with a golden or silver needle, lest the quittor tarrying long in them, should leave holes in the part: But experience has taught, that, the Pox being bored are longer in healing, and doth longer hold their cruft, because of the weakness of natural heat, caused in the part by boring whereby more deformed scars are left behind.  
The internal parts may be preserved with a decoction of Lentils and Tragaganth, described before.  
Such Pox as arise in the 
Os & faxe.  mouth, palate, and throat, with hoursenesse and difficulty of swallowing, may be helped by Gargarisms made with Barleywater, Plantine-water, with some syrup of red Roses and Mulberries dissolved therein.  
The Lungs are preserved by 
Pulmo.  syrup of Jujubes, died Roses, white Poppies, Myrtils, Pomegranates, Water-lillies and the like.  
Sometimes tedious itchings solicit the Patient to scratch, especially in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, because the thickness of the skin in those parts hinders the eruption of the Pox, which you shall help, if you cause those parts to be fomented pretty hot with a decoction of Marshmallowes, Barley, & Lupins; or with a decoction of Pellitory of the Wall one handful, flowers of Cammomel, and Melilote, of each half a pugil; boil them in a pint of Scabious-water, with this liquor hot, often let the itching pox be moistened.  
The Excoriations and Ulcers, which arise from deep and malignant Pox, are to be cured with Vnguentum Album well camphorated.  
When the Fever is past, and the Pox begin to fall, let them eat Bread and Butter, or a potched Egg; let their Beer be warmed with a Toast, and sweetened with a little Sugar, and when they have drunk, let them eat the Toast to cleanse their mouth & throat.  
As for sucking Children, such things shall be given to the Nurse, as may infringe and overcome the strength of the malignity; she shall take broths with Purslain, Lettuce, Sorrell, Succory, Borage, and French Barley.  
She shall shun all salt, spiced; and baked meats; she shall drink decoctions of Liquorish, Raisins, and Sorrel roots.  
She shall also take purging Medicines, as if she were sick of the same disease, that so her milk may become medicinable.   

Cautions in Air and Diet, to prevent the Small Pox and Measles.  
No prevention seemed more certain to the Anoients, than most speedily to remove into places far distant from the infected place and to be slow in their return thither again.  
But those, who by reason of their employments, cannot change their habitation, must principally have care of two things.  
The first is that they strengthen their bodies, & the principal part thereof against the daily imminent invasions of the pestiferous and venerate air.  
The second is, that they amend and purge the corruptions of the venenate malignity, by smells and perfumes resisting the poison thereof.  
Let moderate exercise precede your Meals.  
Let the belly have due evacuation either by Nature or Art.  
Let the heart, the seat of life, and the rest of the bowels be strengthened with Cordials and Antidotes.  
Make choice of a pure Air, and far remote from stinking places; for a cloudy or mifty air, & such as is infected with gross and stinking vapours, dulls the spirits, dejects the appetite, makes the body faint and ill-coloured, oppresseth the heart, and is the breeder of many diseases.  
Kindle a clear fire in all the lodging chambers of the house, and perfume the whole house with Aromatic things, as Fankinsence, Myrrh, Benzoin, Landanum, Styrax, Lavender, Rosemary, Marjoram, Cloves, pieces of Fir, Juniper, and let your clothes be aired in the same.  
Excess in diet is to be shunned, for thence proceeds obstruction, and preparation of the body to putrefaction.  
Women must be very careful that they have their courses duly, for stopping besides the custom, they easily acquire corruption, and draw by contagion the rest of the humours into their society.   

Of the Cordial remedies to preserve our bodies from the Small Pox and Measles.  
The roots of Angelica is a singular remedy against all infections taken by evil and corrupt air, if you hold a piece of it in your mouth, or chew the same between your teeth, it doth most certainly dr●ve away the pestilential air.  
Zedoary is an excellent root held or chewed in the mouth; so are the roots of Scoizonera, and Contrayerva, condited.  
Treacle-water. two ounces, with the like quantity of Sack, is much commended, being drunk, and rubbing the nostrils, mouth and ears with the same,  
The Electuary following is very effectual.  
Take of the best Treacle three ounces, Juniper-berries and Carduus-seeds, of each one dram and a half, of Bolearmoniack prepared half an ounce, of Damargariton Frigidum, the powder of Hartshorn and red Cor●ll, of each one dram; mix them with the syrup of Citions, as much as will make all into a I quid Electuary; take every morning the quantity of a filbert in two spoonfuls of Scabious-water.  
These following Tablets are also very profitable.  
Take the roots of Angelica, Ga●tian, Zedoary, Elecampane, of each half an ounce; of Citron and Sorrel-seeds, of each a dram, of the dried rinds of Citrons, Cinnamon, Bay & Juniper-berries, & Saffron, of each two scruples; of Conserve of Roses and Bugloss, of each two ounces, and fine hard Sugar as much as is sufficient; make thereof Tablets of the weight of half a dram; take one of them in a morning, and before meat two hours, one at a time.  
Mithridate, and London or Venice-Treacle, are commended above all Cordials, adding for every half ounce of each of them, one ounce and a half of Conserves of Roses, or of Bugloss, and two or three dams of  prepared: Of these being incorporated make a Conserve: it is to be taken in the morning the quantity of a filbert.  
Take of preserved Citron and Orange pills, of each two dams; of Conserve of Roses and the roots of bugloss, of each six dams, of Citron seeds one ounce, of Anis and Fennel-seeds, of each two dams, of Angelica-roots three dams, sugar of Roses as much as sufficeth: make it into a body of a Conserve, and take a little of it before you go abroad every morning.  
The pills of Ruffus are accounted most effectual preservatives, so that Ruffus himself saith, that he never knew any to be infected that used them: the composition of them is thus,  
Take of the best Aloes half a dram, of Gum-Amoniacum two dams, of Myrrh two dams and a half, of Mastic two dams, of Saffron seven grains: make them all into fine powder, and incorporate them with the juice of Citrons, or the syrup of Lemons, and make thereof a Miss, and take the weight of half a dram every morning two or three hours before meat, and drink the water of Sorrel after it.  
The Aloes doth cleanse and purge, Myrrh resists putrefaction, Mastic strengthens, Saffron exhilarates and makes lively the spirits.   

Of Local Medicines.  
All aromatical, astringent, or spirituous things, have proper virtues against ill and infectious airs, and to strengthen the heart and the brain. Of this kind are Rue, Balm, Rosemary, Scordium, Sage, Wormwood, Nutmeg, Cloves Saffron, the roots of Angelics, and Lovage, and such like, which must be macerated one night in sharp Vinegar and Aqua vitae, and then tied in a knot as big as an egg, or rather let it be carried in a sponge soaked in the said infusion.  
Take Cinnamon and Cloves beaten together, with a little Saffron, in equal parts, of vinegar of Roses, and Rose-water, into which you must dip a sponge, which rolled in a fair linen cloth, you may carry it in your hand, and often smell to.  
Or take of Wormwood half a handful, ten Cloves, of the roots of Gentian and Angelica, of each two dams, of Vinegar and Rose-water, of each two ounces, of Treacle & Mithridate of each one dram; beat and mix them all well together, and let a sponge be dipped therein, and used as abovesaid.  
Or you may make Pomanders, the form of which is thus: Take of yellow , Mace, Citron pills. Rose-leaves, of each two dams; of Banzoin, Laudanum, Storax, of each half a dram; of Cinnamon and Saffron, of each two scruples; of Camphire and Ambergris, of each one scruple; of Musk three grains: let them all be made into powder, and with Tragaganth dissolved into Rose-water, make a Pomander.  
And for the same purpose you may carry about with you sweet powders, made of Ambergris, Storax, Orris, Nutmegs, Cloves, Mace, Saffron, Benzoin, Musk, Camphire, Roses, Violets, Marjoram, and such like; of which being mixed together, powders may be compounded and made.  
Many more Receipts I could set down, both for the intentions curative and preservative, but I hope these flowers of the most learned & experienced, Sennertus, Riverius, Bartholomeus, per Dulcis, Hollerius, Fuchsius, Parius, and divers other Authors, with the known experience of my Father's and my own, may suffice until the next opportunity.   
FINIS