A RICH CABINET, WITH Variety of Inventions; Unlocked and opened, for the recreation of Ingenious Spirits at their vacant hours.  
Being Receipts and Conceits of several Natures, and fit for those who are lovers of Natural and Artificial Conclusions.  
Whereunto is added variety of Recreative Fireworks, both for Land, Aire, and Water.  
ALSO Fireworks of Service, for Sea and Shore, very fitting for these Warlike times of Action.  
Collected by J. W. a lover of Artificial Conclusions.  
Printed for William Gilbertson at the sign of the Bible without Newgate in Giltspur-street. 1651.   

TO ALL LOVERS of Ingenious and Artificial Conclusions.  
COurteous Reader, (you know, and I know, that) the Wits of this Age are acute and various, therefore how to please all men's fancies is a Task too ponderous for my undertaking. I have here unlocked and opened to your view a rich Cabinet of varieties; If there be any thing therein contained that may yield you profit, solace of the mind, recreation of the spirits, or content, I shall think my labour well bestowed, and be glad; If it be otherwise, I shall be sorry that I have nothing therein to please your mind, entreating you to shut down the lid again, and then I hope there is no hurt done.  
This may be compared to a Garden composed of sundry varieties, wherein you may pick and cull out those Flowers which best pleaseth you, and are fittest for your pleasure or profit: For the laborious Bee gathereth her cordial Honey, and the venomous Spider her corroding poison many times from one Flower. And I know that there are some envious Critics that will snarl at me for publishing many things contained herein; But I care the less, because I aim at the public and no private end; And no Man (I think) should be borne only to himself, and hid his Talon: And therefore these few Receipts which I have collected, with divers of mine own, (gentle Reader) I dedicate freely to thy use; Knowing that Art imitating Nature, glories always in the variety of things which she produceth, to satisfy the minds of curious Inquisitors of Natural and Artificial Conclusions. Therefore I doubt not but there are many things contained in this small Volume that will give satisfaction to the Ingenious, for whose sakes I have compiled it: So taking leave, I will ever remain  
An Artists Friend, JOHN WHITE.   

A Table for the ready finding of each several Receipt in this BOOK.  

1 Receipt, How to make a glorious Light with a Candle, like the Sunshine.  
2 Receipt, How to cleave a thin Groat in sunder like two Groats.  
3 How to hang a Pail of water upon a stick, and nothing to support it.  
4 How to make dainty sport with a C●t.  
5 How to make very pretty sport with Ducks, or Poultry.  
6 To have pretty sport at  with a single Cock.  
7 To know the hour of the day by a Ring and a Glass.  
8 An other, to know the hour of the day or night at any time.  
9 To have three Capons upon a Spit at one s●●e, and one shall be Raw, an other Boiled, and the other Roasted.  
10 To make two Knives to hang upon a Glass without falling.  
11 A speedy way to make a Horse fat, plump and lusty.  
12 How to keep a Horse from tiring, and to make him foam at the Bit.  
13 To put one's finger, or to wash in melted Lead.  
14 A ready way to teach Children their A B C in manner of play.  
15 An excellent way to teach one to read speedily and truly.  
16 Divers rare conceited motions performed by a Magnet, or Loadstone.  
17 The making of a Weatherglass, whereby to know the change of weather.  
18 How to catch Kites, Ravens, Crows, or the like alive.  
19 A ready way to catch Pigeons, or other Fowl.  
20 A merry Receipt, showing how to catch a Pickpocket.  
21 How to make Birds or Fowl drunk, that you may take them.  
22 A way to take Fish in a dark night, with a Candle under water.  
23 An excellent Bait to catch Fish with an Angle.  
24 To make one Watching-Candle outlast three Watching-Candles.  
25 How to write a name upon a paper, and burn it, yet afterwards it may plainly be read.  
26 How to see plainly into a dark Room at a great distance.  
27 How to view the back part of your Head by Glasses.  
28 A Trick to tell or name all the Spots, or Coate-cards, yet never see them.  
29 How to preserve and keep sweet all kind of Flesh for a month together.  
30 How to make a present drink for Travellers, that cannot relish strange drink.  
31 A good drink for Soldiers, Mariners, or poor People.  
32 A profitable way to harden Leather, to last a long time.  
33 To make a dainty walking-staff to have Knobs where you please.  
34 A secret way to write Love Letters, or other, that cannot be discovered.  
35 How to know when the Moon is just at the full by a Glass of water.  
36 How to know the Moon's age at her increase.  
37 How to know both the Increase and Decrease of the Moon.  
38 How to fetch Oil or Grease out of Books, Writings, Papers, or Garments.  
39 How to refresh old Pictures, and make them look as if they were new.  
40 To keep Swords, Halberds, Edge tools, etc. seven years from rusting.  
41 An excellent Cement for broken Glasses, China Dishes, or the like.  
42 How to grave Arms, Posies, or Names upon an Egg.  
43 How to make Wax, either Red, or Green.  
44 A pretty way how to cast flowers in Wax of divers colours.  
45 How to make a bunch of Grapes in Wax, which will seem natural.  
46 How to Inlay colours in Metal, that will show like Enamel.  
47 How to Inlay Boxes, Cabinets, or the like, with hard Wax.  
48 To harden the white of an Egg into an Artificial Gum, for divers uses.  
49 How to make a true South Sundial, for a wall.  
50 How to make an Horozontall, or flat Dial, for a post.  
51 How to make a Sun Dial upon the Ceiling of a Room.  
52 To make a Candle Dial, to know the time of night.  
53 How to keep Cherries, Pears, Nuts, etc. fresh all the year.  
54 To make Grapes, and other Fruit to have no stones or kernels.  
55 How to make Yellow Roses grow; and make things Green all the year.  
56 How to colour Fruit, and to make them taste of Spices.  
57 How to know which way the wind blows on the ceiling, at all times.  
58 How to keep Drink quick and fresh, that beginneth to be sour and dead.  
59 An excellent way for baking of Bread, without a hard crust.  
60 A dainty glistering plastering for Ceilings, or for Walls.   

Some few, (but choice) Physical Receipts, etc.  
61 OF the great virtues of Crocum Martis, fit to be used at this present in the Army.  
62 Of the rare virtue of the Quintessence of Honey and Wax, for many diseases.  
63 Of the manifold operations of the Oil of Cinnamon.  
64 How to distil and make Oil of Rosemary Flowers; with its virtue.  
65 How to help Deafness, and to expel wind from the Head.  
66 How to help the Toothache, without drawing.  
67 A dainty Receipt for curious Artists, or others, for comforting the Eyes.  
68 Of Fractures or broken Bones, or Joints displaced, with their cure.  
69 A precious Salve for all those that have had any member out of Joint.  
70 How to order and dress a wound when it is first hurt.  
71 An excellent Unguent or Lineament for Green Wounds.  
72 A sovereign Oil or Balm for several Wounds.  
73 An excellent Emplaster for all Wounds or Ulcers.  
74 An other excellent Plaster for wounds in the Breast, or other parts.  
75 Of the general significations of Sicknesses, either present, or near hand.  
76 Of the signification of the several colours of some Urines.    

A Table or heads of the several sorts of Fire Works both for Land and Sea service, contained in this ensuing Treatise.  

1 THe order and making in a true proportion, all sorts of Moulds for Fireworks.  
2 The making of Roulers, Rammers, and other things for Coffins.  
3 How to order and make the Coffins of paper.  
4 The order and manner how you shall choke a Rocket.  
5 The manner of driving a Rocket, with the Instruments belonging thereto.  
6 Of the composition and Receipts for your Rockets.  
7 The manner of heading a Rocket, and order of capping it.  
8 The manner of finishing a Rocket.  
9 The manner of firing Rockets, with the descriptton of a Staff for the same.  
10 Several Compositions for the ordering of Stars of several colours.  
11 The order and manner of making the best sort of Stars.  
12 The order and making of several Fireworks for the Rocket, as Serpents or Fisgigs, Reports, Gold and Silver rain, etc.  
13 How to make your Fireworks to run upon a Line, backward and forward.  
14 How to make a wheel of Firework to run forward and backward on the ground.  
15 An other way, for a single wheel to be placed on a post, to turn both ways.  
16 The order to make a sixed wheel, standing upon a post, giving divers Reports.  
17 An other fixed wheel, which will cast forth many Rockets into the air.  
18 An other wheel, which will cast forth divers Serpents, and as many Reports.  
19 Of night Combatants, with Falchions and Targets, Clubs, Maces, etc.  
20 An other dainty one with Fisgigs, called Jack in a Box.  
21 Of Bolts of fire for the ground, which will make the air rebound with their reports.  
22 The making of a Fireball for the ground, which will be in continual motion.  
23 The making of a Ball for the water, which will burn with great violence.  
24 An other dainty Water-ball, which will shoot forth many Reports.  
25 How to make a Dragon, or the like, to run on in the line, spitting of fire.  
26 The manner to represent S. George fight with a Dragon.  
27 How to make a Whale, or Mermaid, or other, to play upon the water.  
28 Of divers other rare works, which are to be performed on the water.  
29 The composing of a Ship of fireworks, with several Motions.  
30 Of Lances of Fire for pleasure, and for Service.  
31 How to Arm a Dart or Javelin with Wildfire, for the Sails or sides of Ships.  
32 How to enter up a pair of Stairs, or to defend one's self, being in a narrow Room.  
33 How to defend a Breach, a Ship, or other place of defence.  
34 How to shoot Arrows of Wildfire out of a Cross Bow.  
35 How to burn Wooden Bridges, Gates, Houses, etc.  
36 How to cut the Cables, or the Shrouds of Ships at a good distance.  
37 Other devices for the cutting of Shrouds, or the like.  
38 An other for the same business.  
39 How to do excellent Service against an Enemy, who would enter a Breach, a Gate, a Bridge, a Ship, etc.  
40 How to prevent a train of Powder laid to blow you up, before you enter a Ship, or other place.    

A Rich Cabinet, with variety of Inventions.  

RECEIPT. First. How to make a glorious light with a Candle, like the Sunshine.  
THis is a rare Conceit, and fit for those Artists or others that perform curious and fine works by Candle-light, as Jewellers, Ingravers, or the like, or those which are weak sighted to read by, never dazzling the Eye.  
Go to the Glass-house, or Glass-shop, and let them blow you a thin round Globe-glasse, bigger than a penny Loaf, (the bigger the better) with a short neck like a Bottle, they know how to make them. When you have this Glass, with Glue or Wax bind a piece of Tape or Packthread about the neck or top, making a little loop therewith to hang by; Then fill your Glass with the purest Conduit or Spring-water you can get, (putting some Aquavitae therein to keep it from freezing) stopping it close to keep the dust out; having thus done, if you will use it at a Table or Bench, knock a Tenterhook or Nail into the Ceiling or Shelf, and with a Tape or Packthread fasten it to the loop and hang it up; (but a round stick were better to hang it on, putting it into a post or hole in the wall, that you may let it higher or lower at your pleasure in turning the stick:) Then behind your Glass set a Candle lighted upon the Table, and you shall have a glorious light through the Glass, and water for your purpose; behold the Figure following.   a man looking at a book on a table in front of a glass bulb and a candle 
Some use to place a sheet of oiled paper betwixt them & a candle, and this will cause a good light.   

RECEIPT II. How (for a wager) to cleave a thin Groat or other piece of Silver in sunder like two Groats.  
THis to many will seem impossible, yet may thus be done. Take three small Pins, and prick them down upon a board, or table triangular-wise, and then take a thin whole Groat and lay it level on the heads of the three Pins, as you see in this same Figure; having  a table with pins on it thus done, take a piece of Brimstone and bruise or beat it to powder, covering the Groat therewith all over in a pretty thickness, & then with a lighted piece of paper or a candle, set the Brimstone on fire until it be consumed; when this is done and the fire out, you shall see the edges to open a little like a dry Oyster, then take a Knife and put into it, and it will easily cleave in sunder, having the impression on both sides very perfect.   

RECEIPT III. To lay one end of a Staff or Stick upon a Stool or Table, and to hang a Pail full of water at the other end, having nothing to hold on the stick, nor nothing under the Pail.  
TO perform this conceit, do thus; Lay one end of a Staff or Stick a pretty way upon a Table or Stool (so that it role not off) letting the other end hang over the Table likewise; (as you may see in this Figure here expressed;)  a bench with a stick attached to it and bucket hanging from the stick then take a Pale full of water and hang the bail or handle upon the same; but you must have an other short stick that will reach just from the inside of the bottom of the Pale to the long stick on the Table, placing the short stick just under the bail very stiff; and then shall the Pail of water hang from the ground upon the long staves end on the Table without falling, seeming very strange; but this is something difficult at first, till you hit just in the centre of gravity, yet I have often done it.   

RECEIPT IU. How to make dainty sport with a Cat.  
IF you will have some sport with a Cat, then get a little Bell, such as the tame Hawks have at their legs, and tie the Bell something hard at the end of the Cat's tail, & let her go; the feeling of her tail smart, and hearing of the bell to ingle, she will run up and down as if she were mad, flying against the walls and windows; then if she can she will get into some hole to hid herself, but when she wags her tail never so little, then out she comes, and is as mad as before, and never will rest in quiet till it be taken off, or she can get it off herself.  

Another.  
Some have shod a Cat round, with putting melted pitch into four Walnut-shels, and placing her feet therein, and she will make pretty sport.   

Another.  
I was told of a merry Fellow that came into an Alehouse in cold weather, and finding but a reasonable fire, said, he would make the Cat piss it out; and watching his opportunity, he getteth his Hostis Cat, putting her head betwixt his thighs, and holding her four feet fast in one hand, and with the other hand held up her tail near the fire, and she did piss such abundance that she quite quenched the same.    

RECEIPT V How to make very pretty sport with Ducks, or Poultry.  
ONe Summer's day myself and two or three Friends, walked into the Fields for our recreation, and being dry and hungry, we went to a Victualling-house in a Country Village, where we could get nothing to eat but Bread and Cheese; and sitting in an Arbour, the Woman's Ducks being near us, we fling them our parings of Cheese; the Ducks were very greedy of the same; (than quoth one of our company,) I will show you some sport.  
Presently he getteth about a yard of strong thread, and finding a little rag of red cloth, tieth it to one end of the thread; and at the other end tieth a piece of Cheese (somewhat less than a Bean) with part of the rind on, and throweth it amongst the parings to the Fowl; presently one of them swallowed it down; now the rest of the Thread and the Rag dragged behind her, and she wadling up and down, perceived the red Rag to follow her, of which she was sore afraid; then she did run from place to place, not knowing what to do; at length she took wing and flew into a Pond of water, and there she quackt, but presently she spied the rag to to swim after her, than down she dived, then up again, then down, then up; at length out of the Pond again in her former posture; at which the Woman was amazed, and thought her Duck was bewitched: But at the length the thread was tangled at some bush or other, and so broke, or pulled the Cheese out of her belly, and then she was quiet.  
The like sport you may have with other Poultry, by tying a long white Goose-quill, (or a light stick with a rag on the top) upright at their Tail.   

RECEIPT VI. How to have pretty sport at , with a single Cock.  
TAke a pretty big Looking-glass, and set it against a wall on the ground in any Room or other place (not full upright) tying the string of the Glass with a nail to keep it from falling: then put a Cock into the Room, and throw some crumbs near the Glass, and when he seethe his picture therein, you shall have dainty sport with him, for he will fight vehemently with his own shadow, supposing there is another Cock, for as he moves, so doth his shadow: sometimes with his motion he looseth it, and then he will look behind the Glass for the other Cock, and not finding him, he will clap his wings and crow as though he had got the victory; but spying it again, he will begin a fresh battle.  
If you please, you may hold the Glass in your hand, moving it up and down, and he will do the like.   

RECEIPT VII. How to know the hour of the day or night at any time, by a Ring and a Glass, being a dainty Clock.  
TAke a small Thread, and put it through a Gold Ring, or other like Ring, and doubling the Thread, tie a pretty big knot at the end and cut it off, let the doubled Thread be seven or eight inches long, then take a Bole-glasse, and set it on a Table, and hold the knot of the thread something hard betwixt the ends of your foure-finger & your thumb, as you see here in the figure, which will cause the Pulses  a hand holding a string with a ring hanging from it over a cup of your wrist to beat; let the Ring hang in the middle of the Glass, a little within the rim, than the working of your pulses will make the Ring to move striking upon the fides of the Glass the hour of the day or night, and then the Ring will 〈…〉 again.   

RECEIPT VIII. An other excellent Rule, to know the hour of the day or night at any time.  
IF any two (or more) Parties be in company together, let one of them take something from the ground, (what they please,) and give it to another party standing by.  
Now, if the thing taken up hath grown, and may grow again, as Seeds, Herbs, or the like, it is then 1.4.7. or 10. of the clock, or very near.  
If it did never grow, nor never shall, as Stones, Metals, Pot-shards, Glass, or the like, it is then 2.5.8. or 11. of the clock, or very near.  
But if it hath grown, and never will grow again, as Sticks, Chips, Shells, or such like, it is then 3.6.9. or 12. of the clock, or very near.  

But remember this Caution.  
That both they that gives judgement, and they that taketh up the thing, doth not know what hour it is before they try the Conceit.    

RECEIPT IX. How to spit three Capons upon one Spit at once, and to have an equal fire at them all, yet one shall still be quite raw, the other be well boiled, and the third thoroughly roasted.  
I Have heard that this Conceit was performed by a Nobleman's Cook upon a wager, and thus he did it. To tend the first Capon he had a Boy that continually basted and poured cold water on the same, and so kept it raw.  
To the second he had another like attendant to baste and power continually seething and scalding water, and that was well boiled.  
The third he tended himself, basting it with Butter, and that was thoroughly roasted; and so he won the wager.   

RECEIPT X. How to make two Knives (with a short stick) to hang upon the brim of a Glass without falling.  
TAke a little stick, some four inches long, and make it sharp at one end like a butchers Scure; and then get two knius, somewhat of an equal poise, and price the points of them towards the bigger end of the stick, on each side slope-wise, as you may see here in the Figure; then put the small end of the stick upon the rim  a stick with two knives stuck in it hanging from the rim of a cup of a Glass of wine or beer & you may take up the Glass and drink, and they will not fall off.   

RECEIPT XI. A speedy way how to make a Horse Fat, Plump. and Lusty.  
TAke Comminseed, Annis-seeds, Enulae campana, and Turmerick, a pennyworth of each, seethe them well with three heads of Garlic in a Gallon of Ale, than strain it and press out as much of the substance as you can well wring out, and give it your Horse to drink bloodwarm, a full quart at once; then ride him till he be hot; then afterward stable him, curry and litter him well until he be cold; do this two or three mornings together, and then turn him to grass, and he will thrive wonderfully in a short time: If there were a handful of groundsel sodden with the aforesaid ingrediences it would do well.  
Now if you will not put him to Grass, but keep him in the Stable, give him to eat with his Provender some of the roots of Enula-campana, with some Comminseeds beaten together, or the Enula-campana shred small, shred for fourteen days together; This will make a lean Horse to thrive and grow fat in one month, more than he would otherwise have done in a quarter of a Year.   

RECEIPT XII. How to keep a Horse from tiring by the way, and to make him foam at the Bit.  
WHen you are to ride, and fear that your horse may tyre, carry with you (in some leathern Bag) a good quantity of the powder of Enula-campana; and when others do bait their Horses in their ordinary manner, your Horse being first well walked, rubbed, and littered, then give him a good handful of your powder in a quart of strong Ale or Beer, with a horn; tying his head high to the rack; and you need to give him no other provender (or very little) till night; then let him be well meated, and give him in the morning two pennie-worth of Bread and his Ale and powder, but remember to water at night.   

RECEIPT XIII. How one may put his finger, or wash his hands in molten Lead, without danger or burning.  
TAke an ounce of Quicksilver, two ounces of good Bole Armoniac, half an ounce of Camphire, and two ounces of Aqua vita; then mingle them together, and put them into a brazen Mortar, and beat them with a Pestle; having thus done, anoint your hands all over throughly well with this ointment, and then you may put your finger into molten Lead, or you may wash your hands therewith, if one pour the Lead upon them, and it will neither scaled nor burn you.   

RECEIPT XIIII. A very pretty and ready way to teach Children or others, suddenly to learn their A. B. C. in manner of play.  
'Cause four pieces of Bone or Wood to be cut into six square like Dice, and upon every side or square let one of the Letters of the Alphabet be engraven or writ; As, A. B. C. D. E. F. upon one of them, than G. H. I. K. L. M. on the other, and so of the rest, in order, as you see here in the figure.  
Now the Child  four dice with letters on each shown face taking delight and using to play with them (amongst other Children) and being told what Letters are uppermost, will soon learn their Alphabet, as it were by the way of sport and pastime.  
Also, you may cause one piece of bone or wood to be made into six long square sides, about an inch and a half of length, and let each side be engraven or written with four Letters, as, a. b. c. d. and so of the rest of the sides; and let them throw it, and name those Letters which are uppermost; and when they have learned the great Letters,  a hexagonal block with a row of letters on each face you may write the small Letters on, as it is here on the Figure.   

RECEIPT XV. An excellent way to teach one to read speedily and truly, that beforo could not distinguish their Syllables.  
LEt a Scholar, or one that can read well, take any Book of small value, and at every Syllables end underneath, or at the top, with a small pen of Ink, let them make a little speck or mark; But if the speck or mark were made with red Ink it were the better; Or if it be in a Book that you would not deface, then take a small Pin or Needle, and prick little holes at each Syllable, which will hardly be perceived. This experiment is best to be made with hard words of many Syllables, as in the example following.  
Ạbrạham, Ạchịtọphel, Bạrthọlọmew, Chrịstọpher, Dẹmẹtrịus, Aṇṇabap̣tist, Mạthẹmạtịtịan, Nẹbụchaḍneẓzar, Quọtịḍan, Pạtrịmọny, etc.  
These to the Ingenious will suffice, for I have known those which by no means could be brought to read, yet in a short time by this method they have learned to read perfectly.   

RECEIPT XVI. Of divers rare and dainty conceited motions, performed by the operation of the Magnet or Loadstone.  
MAny and wonderful Mathematical Conclusions are performed by the Magnet or Loadstone; only I will give a touch at some few for recreation.  
These Stones are to be had at the Iron-mongers, but they ought to be polished and made fit by a cunning Artist. This Stone hath his two Poles, one North, the other South, answerable to the Poles of the World; For if you take a piece of Wire of four or five inches long, and touch one end thereof with a Loadstone, and then thrust it through a piece of Cork, putting it to swim in a Basin of water, presently you shall see one end of the Wire will turn full North, and the other full South.  
This Receipt is profitable for some Travellers, who having a Sowing-needle about them that is touched with this Stone, may prick it in some little light piece of Wood or Cork, and place it in the water, and it will set out the North and South in stead of a compass.  
If for recreation you take two Wires, and put each Wire into a Cork, touch one Wires end with the North end of the Stone, and the other Wires end with the South end of the Stone, and then put them both into a Basin of water a pretty way asunder; yet they will begin to move and stir, and draw nearer and nearer together, and on the sudden join and meet: Now if upon those Wires or Corks there were placed little paper Tilters on Horseback, they would run their courses at one an other in the water very prettily.  
Also, if this Stone or Magnet be enclosed in a box of Wood, Stone, Silver, or Brass, yet it will extend its operation and working in many pretty and ingenious practices, admirable to behold.  
As for example; If you will make the forms and portraitures of divers things in thin Pasteboard, as Horsemen, Footmen, Ships, Boats, Beasts, Birds, Flies, Worms, Serpents, or the like; you may closely convey into them a short piece of Wyre, and then place them upon a Board, Trencher, or Pasteboard; and if you will have them move or walk, then hold the Loadstone close in your hand, under the board, and that way which you move your hand underneath, that way the Images will move and creep on the Top.  
Also, if you place the Loadstone privately to or near the Ceiling, or over a Door, and then hold a pecce of Iron near to it (tying a thread to the Iron) that it touch not the Stone, which will attract it, and then the Iron will seem to hang in the Air. If you touch an Iron Ring with this Stone, it will take up a dozen or more Rings together, hanging one to the other like a Chain. Also, if a Knife's point be touched therewith, it will take up Needles or Wyre, and by it you may know the counterfeit or Newgate halfpenny as some call them.  
Many other rare conclusions may be performed by this stone, which I forbear to write of. Fire, Garlick, or Onions, spoileth the virtue of this Stone; therefore let it not touch or come near them.   

RECEIPT. XVII. The making of the Thermometer, or Weatherglass, whereby you may certainly foretell the alteration and change of the Wether a good many hours before it cometh to pass.  
THis Weatherglass is composed of a quantity of Water and Air Artificially enclosed therein; the water being subject to a continual motion (either upward or downward) as the weather changeth: The Glasses you may have ready made at the Glasseshops, but be sure to choose the longest and slenderest shanked glasses, with a small head, for they are best: You must also have another glass for a cistern at the bottom to receive the water; the framing of it is thus.   a thermometer in a stand with marked one through twelve on the shaft 
Your Frame should be about a quarter of an inch longer than the shank of the Glass, because the lower end of the shank should almost reach to the bottom of the cistern: Now before you put in your glass, you must divide the shank into certain degrees, from 1 to 12. or more, beginning from the rim of the cistern upwards, placing figures thereon: having thus done, turn the head of your long glass downward, and with a Funnel fill it almost full of water; then put the cistern on the bottom board, and holding the Frame sloping, put the shank of the Glass (through the hole at the head) into the cistern, and then set it upright. Now you must know at what degree to set your water, according to the season of the year, for if it be in Summer, and very hot weather, then to set it at 1. or 2. degrees are best, if the weather be temperate, then 3. or 4. but in cold or frost set it at 9 or 10. To hit these degrees, (if your water be not low enough) you must pull up your Glass a very little way from the bottom of the Costern, and very suddenly put it down again: If yet it be not at the right degree, pull it up again, and quickly down, (as before) till you have your desire.  
But take heed, for if your water be fallen too low in the cistern, than you must take them out, and begin your work again. When it is thus done, wax or cement your Glass and cistern together; and than you may cover and make a Rock about your cistern, with Pasteboard or the like, glewing or pasting pecces of mother of Pearl shells, smiths Cinders pieces of Glass, Antimony, or other shining things what best pleaseth your fancy; or you may cover it with Moss, or the like, and it is finished.  
The quality of the water in this Glass, is to ascend by degrees with cold and to descend with heat; for in the Winter the Water will be at the top of the Glass, and in Summer down to the Rock. The water ought to be very clear, and coloured by Art, both for ornament, and the plainer to distinguish it from the Glass: If you would have it green, use Vertdigrease; if yellow, use Saffron or, Turmerick; if red, use Brasill or Turnsoile.  

The use and property of the Glass.  
By the uncertain motion of the water in this Glass, it is a certain sign of fickle and unconstant weather; But contrary, the continuance of the water at any one degree, is a sure token that the weather will continue at that stay it is then at, whether it be fair or foul, frost or snow. But when the water either riseth or falleth, the weather will then presently change: Also, the sudden falling of the water is a sure token of wet weather.    

RECEIPT XVIII. A pretty way to each Kites, Ravens, Crows, magpies, or the like, alive.  
Go to the Apothecaries, and bestow two pence in Nux vomica; then beat it to powder, or slice it as you do Ginger; This being done, take raw Flesh or Liver, and cut it into little pieces or gobbets, that the Fowl may swallow them whole, then cut holes in the same, and put your powder or slices therein, and then lay these pieces where they haunt; But as soon as they have swallowed down the same they will fly to the next high Tree they can come at, and this presently makes them so drunk or sick, that they straight will fall down from the top of the Tree to the ground, that you may take them up alive with your hand: But you must be sure to watch them, and run presently to the Tree, for they will soon recover and fly away.  
I believe if it were sodden with other Grain, it would have the like operation with other Fowl.   

RECEIPT XIX. A ready way to catch Pigeons, or other Fowl.  
TAke pieces of brown Paper, and roll them round, making Coffins of them, such as the Grocers make to put their Fruit in, let them not be above a finger long, past the fides and ends of them with some starch, clip the upper part of them round with a pair of Shears, then anoint the inside of the uppermost skirts of them round about with Bird-lime, or some stuff that will but cling to the Feathers: But you must (a day or two before you use it,) lay or strew some Pease or other Grain to make them haunt the place, and they will be the less fearful; then if you please make a hole in the ground a little way and put your Coffins upright or sloping therein, putting a few peason or Corn in them, strewing here and there Peason near them; And when she pecketh into the Coffin she is immediately hooded and blindfolded, not seeing which way to fly, and thus you may take them easily.   

RECEIPT XX. A merry Receipt, being a ready and sure way how to catch a Pickpocket.  
AS I was writing the former Receipt, it put me in mind of a pretty Conceit that a Friend once related to me, which was thus. A Gentleman being in a throng in a Fair, had his Purse picked out of his pocket; He missing it was some what vexed, but could not mend it, but studied how (if he could) to be revenged: presently he buyeth two pennyworth of Fishhooks, and causeth a Tailor to sow them round about toward the upper part of his pockets, with the points of them downwards; and so the next day away he goes to the Fair again amongst the throng, throwing his Cloak on one shoulder, seeming careless of his pocket, wherein he had store of money: Presently there was a Dyver nibbling at the bait, and nimbly had his hand in his pocket: The Gentleman being wary (perceived the Fish had swallowed the hook,) gives a jerk aside, which caused the hooks to catch good hold in his hand, and then he had him sure: Then said the Gentleman, Fellow, what maketh thy hand in my pocket? Oh good Sir, (replied the Pickpocket,) pardon me, I cannot pull it out: Come, (saith the Gentleman softly to him, because no body should take notice,) go along with me; So cheek by jowl they walked together, with his hand fast in the pocket, (but covered with his Cloak) and to a Tavern lovingly they go together, where the Gentleman told him of the loss he had sustained the day before, and making of him to restore back his Money, he cut out his pocket, and let him go. Surely this Pickpocket had good store of picking work to get the hooks out of his hand again.   

RECEIPT XXI. How to make Fowls and other small Birds drunk that you may take them with your hands.  
YOu must observe what meat they love or use to eat, as Wheat, Barley, or other Grain, and lay the same to steep● in the Lees of Wine, or in Aquavita, or in the juice of Hemlock, and strew the same Grain in the places where the Birds do haunt.  

Another.  
Take Tormentil, and boil it with strong Wine, Wheat, Barley, or other Grain, then strew this in those places where you intent to take them, or where they use to haunt, and the Birds will eat the pieces amongst the Grain, which will make them so drunk that they cannot fly away.   

Another.  
Make Past with Barley meal, Onion blades, and Henbane seeds; and put or throw it where the Birds do haunt.  
These experiments are best to be done in Winter in a deep Snow.    

RECEIPT XXII. A dainty way to catch Fish in a dark night, with a Candle underwater.  
GEt an Urinal, and put pretty soft clay therein, and with something that is flat at the end press the clay gently to the bottom of the glass, smoothing it as well as you can; then take a stick and shape it about the bigness of a Candle's end, wet the stick, and put it into the neck of the glass, making a hole in the middle of the clay, as you make clay candlesticks; Then make a little hoop of a willow stick, and tie pieces of Cork in four places of the hoop equally distant, and get a thin light round piece of Board, and with four little sticks of an equal length tie one end of them to the Corks, and the other ends fasten to the board to support it, as you may see here in this Figure.   a candle inside a glass beaker in a frame half submerged in water held up from sinking by a stick 
This might be done with the Glass alone, by tying Corks about the neck of the Glass, to keep the mouth above water.   

RECEIPT XXIII. An excellent Bait to catch Fish with an Angle.  
MAke Past with fine Wheat Flower, tempered with a little Saffron and Sugar, and bait your hook therewith, and they will by't apace: This is a good bait for Roach, Dace, and such like.  

Another.  
Take the crumb of a new penny White-loafe, and an ounce of Coculus India, and an ounce of Henbane-seed finely powdered, temper the same well with good Aquavita into a Past, and divide them into small pieces, bigger than grains of wheat, and then cast handfuls in at once into the water where is store of Fish, and you shall presently see the operation of the same.    

RECEIPT XXIV. How to make one Watching-Candle, that shall outlast three Watching-Candles.  
TAke a Pale or Bucket, and fill it full of water, and set it in the place where you intent that your light shall stand; then take your Candle and warm it at the lower end, and there stick a brass farthing token, or such like; and when you will light your Candle put it gently down into the middle of the water, (but be sure that the bottom of the Candle do not touch the bottom of the Pale) and then it will swim upright to the very edge near the light. The reason that the Candle will last so long, is caused by the coldness of the water: And this is a safe way that no Rat can run away with the Candle lighted, as I have heard that they have done, by endangering the house with Fire.   

RECEIPT XXV. How to write any name or mark upon a Paper, and then burn it to ashes, yet afterward it may be read plainly.  
TAke a new clean Pen that was never written withal, and dip it in your own water, as you do in Ink; then strip up your Shirt sleeve above your wrist, and upon your arm write your name, or any name, or any mark, and then let it dry on your skin, and nothing will be seen; then put down your sleeve, and button your wrist. (Do this privately and it will cause some to wonder:) Then take a piece of white Paper and write your name or the mark thereon, with another Pen of black Ink; (but let it be written as like the other as you can;) Then take the paper and burn it, and lay the ashes on a Table, and stripping up your sleeve, rub the ashes hard with your finger, where you had written with your water, then blow off the ashes, and the name or mark will plainly be read on your arm in black Letters.   

RECEIPT XXVI. How to see plainly any thing in a dark Room, in at a Door or Window, standing a great distance off.  
IF there be never so dark a Room, with a Door or Window open; Take a Looking-glass in your hand, and hold it against the Sun, at a great distance from the Door or Window, and moving the Glass up and down, till the reflection of the Sun be upon your object, and then you may perfectly behold any thing in the Room, or see to read a Letter.  
Some unhappy Boys use to dazzle people's eyes with a Glass in this order, as they walk the streets.   

RECEIPT XXVI. How to view the back part of your head by Glasses.  
IF you would behold the back part or shadow of your head (for a wound or the like) take a Looking-glass, and hold it behind your head; and then take another Looking-glass and hold it before you; and from the Glass behind, you may see the shadow in the Glass before you.   

RECEIPT XXVIII. A pretty trick to tell or name all the spots or coat Cards in the pack, and yet never see them.  
YOu must privately drop a drop of water or drink (about the bigness of a twopences) on a Table before you where you sit, and let any body shuffle the pack of Cards; and then taking them into your hand, place a Candle on the Table before you (for this trick is best to be done by Candle-light) and holding down your head, (as you may see in the Figure) lift the Cards above the brim of your Hat, close to your head, that the light of the Candle may shine on the Cards; then in the drop of water (like a Looking-glass) you shall see every speck of each Card before you draw them, which you may name; or putting your finger upon the spots, you may say that you feel them out; then lay  man holding a deck of cards to his forehead in front of a table with a lit candle on it down your first Card, & name the next, as your first Card was the deuce of Clubs, the next is the five of Spads, and so of the rest.   

RECEIPT XXIX. How to keep or preserve any Fowl, Venison, or other pieces of Flesh sound and sweet for three weeks or a month together, althe weather be never so hot.  
MAke a strong Brine with Bay-salt and white mingled together, so as the water be over-glutted with Salt, and being scalding hot, purpoile therein the Fowl or Flesh which you intent to keep for some reasonable time, (that is to say, according to the greatness and greasinesse thereof; (than hang it up in a convenient cool place, and it will last a sufficient time, without any bad or over-saltish taste.  
This is a good way for Seamen, and others in hot Countries, who are enforced sometimes to victual themselves in such intemperate Climates, where no flesh will last sweet four and twenty hours together, by reason that they have no means to make the same to take Salt, which without all question will enter this way, and make penetration very speedily, by reason of the hot and fiery spirit of Salt thus prepared.   

RECEIPT XXX. How to make a speedy or present drink that Travellers may brew for themselves, when they cannot relish their Beer or Ale at their Inns.  
TAke a quart of good water, put therein five or six spoonfuls of good Aquavita, and an ounce of Sugar, with a brand of Rosemary, brew them a pretty while out of one pot into an other, and then is you● drink prepared.   

RECEIPT XXXI. How to make on the sudden good drink for Mariners, Soldiers, or for poor people, when Beer is seant, and Malt dear.  
IN time of extremity, these Drinks following will serve to suffice nature (as hath been often proved;) Put to a good quantity of wholesome fair water, a small portion or few drops of the Oil of Sulphur, incorporating them well together, and it is ready.  

Another.  
One drop or two of the Oil of Vitriall added to a good quantity of fair water, and well stirred together, it performeth the like.  
Some mingle Vinegar with good water, and it serveth very well to quench the thirst.  
Others will carry a piece of Alom in their pocket if they are to travel, and know not how to get drink or water; and when they are a dry they put a piece of that in their mouth, and it will fetch up moisture, which will assuage the thirst.    

RECEIPT XXXII. A profitable way to harden Leather, that it shall outlast other Leather a long time.  
THis is a good and profitable Receipt for many poor labouring men; and is thus performed: Take and lay such Leather as is well tanned to soak in water wherein there hath been some store of fyling of Iron a long time, or else in the water that hath long lain under a Grindingstone, into which such Iron as hath been from time to time ground away, and there settled.  
This is good also to harden Leather for the Cuckers or Pumps of Ships, or others, to make them last long.   

RECEIPT XXXIII. An excellent Receipt to make a dainty straight walking-staff to have knobs where you please.  
GEt a straight piece of Wood (of your desired length,) of Holly Ash, Service-tree, Walnut-tree, or Peartree, let it be free from knots or shakes, then plain it into six or eight sides, a good deal bigger than your Staff shall be: This being done, get a short Punch of Iron and let the small end be filed about the bigness that you intent your knobs shall be; then lay your Staff down upon a Bench or Table, and where you will make the knobs, with a hammer punch holes therein, and so do on every fide: Then plain it over again till you have made your staff smooth that there be no dents seen thereout: when you have thus done, put it into some Cauldron of boiling water for a good space; and when you take it out again you shall see that it will be full of knobs, for with the heat of the water it forceth the bruises (which were made with the Punch) to swell out of the Wood again.  
You may file your Punch like a star, or other work; and it will show very pretty. I once saw a Partisan, or Captain's Leading-staffe, which was done in this manner, and being put into a Dyers Cauldron when he died blacks, and being dried, and rubbed well with linseed-oil, it shown like Ebony.   

RECEIPT XXXIV. How to write Love-Letters secretly, or from one Friend to another, that cannot be discovered.  
TAke a sheet of white paper, and double it in the middle, then cut holes through both the half sheets, let the holes be cut like the panes of Glass-windows, or other forms what you best fancy, and then with a Pin prick two little holes at each end, and cut your paper in two halves give one half to your Friend (to whom you intend to write) the other half keep to yourself: Now when you do write, lay your cut paper on a half sheet of writing paper, and stick two Pins through the two holes that it stir not; then through those holes that you did cut, writ your mind to your friend; when you have done, take off your paper with the holes again, and then write some other idle words both before and after your lines, but if they were written to make some little sense it would carry the less suspicion; then seal it up and send it.  
When your Friend hath received it, he must lay his cut paper on the same, putting pins into the pinholes, and then he can read nothing but your mind which you writ, for all the rest of the Lines are covered; observe the Figure, & it is easily apprehended.  
Where the Letter A is placed, that doth signify the half sheet of cut paper with holes. Where the Letter B is placed, doth signify the substance of the Letter which you writ: And where the Letter C is, doth signify the Letter filled up with Lines to join to the other words. Now when your Friend writes to you he must do the like.   three sheets of paper marked A, B, and C, showing how cut out sections plpaced over a text reveal only a part of it 

Another.  
Writ a Letter (what you please) on one side of Paper with common lnke; then turn your paper and write on the other side with Milk, (that which you would have secret) and let it dry; (but this must be written with a clean Pen;) Now when you would read it, hold that side which is written with Ink to the fire, and the milky Letters will then show bluish on the other side, which may be perfectly discerned.    

RECEIPT XXXV. How to know when the Moon is just at the full by a Glass of water.  
TAke an ordinary drinking-glasse, and fill it full of water up to the very brim, so that it doth not run over; let this be done a little before that the Moon be at full; and then at the very instant that the Moon is at the full, the water will presently boil over.   

RECEIPT XXXVI. How to know the Moon's age at her increase.  
I Have been told, that a thin piece of Cypress, such as they had wont to make Hatbands of, if you hold it before your eyes in an evening at the increase of the Moon, you shall know how many days old she is: As when she is one day old you shall see but one Moon: At two days old two Moons: At three days old three Moons: But afterward you shall see but one again.   

RECEIPT XXXVII. An other showing how to know both the Increase and Decrease of the Moon.  
THe Moon giveth such virtue to a Stone which is found in Arabia called the Selenite, of which Pliny and others do write, that within the body of this Stone the Moon showeth herself, and increaseth and decreaseth according to the course of the Heaven.  

Another.  
Our common house Cats also have this property by the subjection that the Moon hath over them; that their Kickshaws do increase, or decrease each day, according to the course of the Moon and her aspects; which thing is daily seen to him that pleaseth to note the experience thereof.    

RECEIPT XXXVIII. A dainty way how to fetch Oil, or Grease, out of Books, Writings, Papers, or Garments.  
Go to the Apothecaries or Grocers, and buy a pennyworth or two of the Oil of Turpentine, and put a drop or two upon the place which is Oily or Greasy, rubbing it on, and then you shall see how it will drink up the Oil or Grease, and be presently dry and fair: For this Oil of Turpentine is a great dryer, and is good to put amongst Oyle-coulors, to make them dry speedily.   

RECEIPT XXXIX. How to refresh and scour old Pictures that are wrought in Oil, making them to look almost as fresh as if they were new done.  
TAke the Picture out of the Frame, then wipe or brush off the dust very clean, and then lay it level upon a board or table, pouring good sharp Vinegar all over the same, and there let it lie and soak for three or four hours; if the Vinegar be dried up then pour on more, continually keeping it wet: Then beat a piece of dry brick very fine to powder (and see there be no lumps or stones therein, for they will raze and scratch the Picture,) and then put the powder into a course linen Rag, and tie it, and then dip it well in a porringer of Vinegar, and with your rag and powder, rub, and scour your Picture all over very hard; and then with fair water or a wet clout wash the filth away: But if you see any spots or filth remain, then scour it again, and wash it; then dry it very well with a cloth, and when you have dried it, put it again into the frame, and set it in the Sun for a day or two, (for the Sun refresheth the Colours very much,) and then rub it hard with a dry woollen cloth till you make it shine, and then hang it up. This will cause it to look almost as fresh as when it was new.  
Some use to wash them in Soap, and then Oil or Varnish them over, but that is not good, because that the Oil or Varnish will turn Yellow, and gather dust.   

RECEIPT XL. How to keep Sword blades, Halberds, Pistols, Knives, Edge-tools, or other things free from rusting for seven years or more in a dry house.  
TAke Fish glue or Icing-glass, and cut it in pieces, then with a hammer beat or bruise it upon an Anvil or a Stone, and then put it into a little Skellet or such like with water, and let it dissolve over a gentle Fire, still stirring it as you do your common Glue: Then when it is well boiled take it off, and with a pencil or small hair brush, lay the same while it is hot all over your Sword-blade as thin as may be, and then lay it to dry, and it is done. This thin coat keepeeth the moistness of the Air from the Mettle, that it cannot rust; but when you are to wear it or use it, take a blunt knife, and you may easily scale off the thin substance, and then it will be as bright as any Silver.  
I verily believe, that our common Glue will do the like, keeping of it in a dry room.   

RECEIPT. XLI. An excellent Cement for broken Glasses, China Dishes, or Cups, and such like.  
TAke one part of Virgin-wax, and two parts of the tears or clear drops of Mastic, melt them together, and Cement therewith. But the better is, if you beat the whitest Fish-glew or Icing-glass with a hammer till it begin to be clear, and then cut the same into very small and short pieces, and dissolve and melt the same over a gentle Fire with Aqua-vita: Then let one that standeth by, hold both the pieces that are to be Cemented over a Chasing-dish of coals till they be warm, and during their heat, lay on the dissolved Glue with a fine Pencil; then bind the Glass with Wyre or Packthread to keep it steady, and so let it remain till it be cold and dry.  

Another.  
Take a little quantity of unslakt Lime, Wheat Flower, and the white of an Egg, and incorporate them together, Mastic, Aquavita, and White-lead is good: So is Icing-glass, being dissolved and melted with Rhenish-Wine.    

RECEIPT XLII. How to grave Arms, Posies, or other devises upon Eggs, which may be served at a Table.  
MElt Suet pretty warm, and dip in your Eggs in this manner; hold the Egg between your Thumb and your Fore-finger, and quickly dip one half therein, and hold it in your hand till it be cold, and then dip in the other end that it be thinly covered all over; then take a little Bodkin or Needle, and grave in the Suet what Letters or Words you please; Then lay the Egg thus engraven in good Wine-Vinegar, or other Vinegar in some stone Pot or Vessel for the space of six or eight hours, or more, or less, according to the strength or sharpness of the same, then take out the Eggs, and in hot water dissolve the Suet from the Shells; then lay the Egg to cool, and the work will appear to be graven in the shell of a Russet colour. And if the Egg lie long enough in the Vinegar after it is so graven, the Letters or Works will appear upon the Egg itself being boiled, and so you may serve them up at the Table. And if you care not to lose the meat, you may pick out the same, when the shell is through graven, and you shall have a strange piece or work performed on the same.   

RECEIPT XLIII. How to make Wax, either Red or Greene.  
TAke to one pound of Wax in Summer three ounces of the clearest Turpentine; but if you make it in Winter, take four ounces of Turpentine, melt these together over a soft fire, stirring them with a stick, and when they are well melted together, take it off and let it cool a little: And then mix with the same the red root of Anchusa, or Vermilion ground an ounce, and an ounce of sweet Oil; stir these well together again over the fire, then take it off to cool, and pour it into cold water, and then upon a wet board and your hands wet, you may role it into what form you please. Instead of Vermilion, you may take three times as much Red-lead, but that is not so good.  
If you will make Green Wax (instead of Vermilion) take the like quantity of Verdigrease.   

RECEIPT XLIV. A pretty way how to cast off Flowers in Wax, of divers colours.  
'Cause a Stick to be turned round at one end, (somewhat Taperwise) like the fashion of a Poking-stick, lesser, or bigger, (according to the bigness of the Flower you intent to cast) and at the smaller end thereof, with your knife, cut dents or nicks in the same, long-wise as you see here in the Figure:  a conical stick marked A beside a flower marked B The letter A, signifieth the Stick, the letter B, signifieth the Flower: Then take a little panikin, and in the same melt your Wax with a gentle fire; and when it is melted take it off; and then take your Stick (having a Porringer of fair water by you) and dip the end into the water, and then shake off the water, or suck it off, and then dip the stick into the Wax, and suddenly put it out again, dipping it into the water again to cool it; and than you may take off your Flower and lay it by; and in this sort you may make as many as you please. For Yellow Flowers, melt Yellow Wax; for Red, Red Wax; for White, White Wax; for Green, Green Wax: Now for stalks for your Flowers, you may stick in a small Wire, or a Bend of a Raison-fraile, or the like. You may have the coloured wax ready made at any of the Wax-chandlers'.   

RECEIPT XLV. How to make a Bunch of Grapes with Green Wax, that will seem to be natural.  
YOu must get a little stick turned round at the end, about the bigness of an Arrow; and then have your Vessel of green wax melted, (as was shown in the former Receipt,) dipping your stick in the same about the third part of an inch deep, and it will be almost in the fashion of an Acron-Cup, make a good many of them. Then take an Egg, and make a little hole in the bigger end of the shell, less than a penny, and get out the Yolk thereof, and dry the shell: Then with a piece of your green Wax hold it to the fire, rub or daub the shell therewith thinly all over; then hold the shell in your left hand, and with your other hand take up first one cup, holding the same a little near a Candle to warm, and quickly stick it on your Egg, and so do with all the rest of the cups, till you have filled it all over; they must be set something close together. Now when you have thus done, take a little stick, about the bigness of the tag of a point, and tie a Packthread in the middle thereof, and then put the stick into the hole of the shell, and so hang it up: You may cut leaves like Vine leaves in green Paper, and fasten them to the string or stalk above the Bunch: I have made some women's teeth to water at this Conceit, they seem so natural to the eye; and these Grapes will last all the Year.   

RECEIPT XLVI. How to Grave and Inlay colours into Gold, Silver, Iron, or Copper, to show like Enamel.  
FIrst cover your Mettle with a crust of warm wax, and when it is cold, with a fine sharp Bodkin draw or cut out the shape or proportion of what you please, either Letters, Flowers, Borders, or Scutcheons, of a reasonable largeness; then pour upon the same empty places (which you have Engraven upon the Wax) some few drops of strong water, or Aqua-Fortis, and let them lie awhile; and when you find them deep enough Graven, mingle Orpiment and Mastic melted together for a Yellow colour; and Vermilion and Mastic for a Red; and Bice and Mastic for a Blue; and Ceruse for White; and Ivory burnt for a Black. Now when your Mastic hath been melted with any of the aforesaid Colours, let it cool, and then beat the same into powder, and lay the same powder within the graving, and after lay the Mettle upon a small Charcoale-fire till the Mastic be melted, and it will remain fast and firm therein a long time.   

RECEIPT XLVII. How to Inlay Boxes, Cabinets, or other things with hard Wax.  
WIth a Pen draw upon your Box any thing what best pleaseth your fancy; as Birds, Beasts, Flies, Flowers, Fruits, Leaves, Trails, Antics, Letters, etc. Then take a little Knife ground sharp at the point, and cut or grave out the work pretty deep which you have drawn with your Pen upon the wood; when you have so done, lay upon the same some Red or Green Hard-wax, and with a hot Iron melt and rub hard the wax all over into the crevices or works which you have cut out, and so let it cool; then take a knife and scrape away the wax to the board, and then you shall have your work which you drew to be inlaid very perfectly in the colour of your wax, as though it were drawn with a Pen, and will never wash nor wear off: When you have scraped it clean, hold it a little to the Fire, and it will fetch a gloss on the wax, and make it to show the pleasanter.   

RECEIPT XLVIII. How to harden the white of Eggs into an Artificial Gum, fit for many uses.  
SEparate the whites of Eggs clean from the Yolks, and beat the whites very well into a clear Oil or Water, and when it is settled, skim off the froth; then put the same into Bladders, and hang them in a Chimney corner, where fire is usually kept to dry, and in a few days the same will become as hard as Gum Arabic: in hot weather you may hang your Bladders in the Sun to dry; This Gum may be used instead of other Gums; and with it you may varnish Prints, or other things that are washed in Colours.   

RECEIPT XLIX. How to make a true South Sundial, to be placed upright against a Wall, or on a Pole.  
I Intent not to speak of the multiplicity of Geometrical and Artificial sorts, and making of Sun-dyals', (of which many ingenious Artists have copiously written;) but only a Mechanic way of two sorts, for the benefit of some who would be glad to know how the hours of the day pass away.  
Take a piece of good writing Paper, and rub it over with Linsed Oil, and hang it to dry in the Sun; when it is through dry, take and lay it over this Print of the Dial (or some other of this nature,) that you may see the hour lines through it, holding of it safe from stirring, (which may be done by pinning it to the margin,) then at the Centre by the Letter A, stick a Needle or Pin upright, and laying a straight Ruler close to the Pin, draw all those hour lines which you see through the Oiled Paper; then take off your Paper, and when you would mark out a Dial, do thus; Get a board of what size you please, that is smooth plained, and will not warp, drawing a straight line just down the middle thereof, and lay this Paper thereon, and then put your Pin through the Centre hole toward the top of the straight line on the board, and put another Pin toward the bottom of the line which is your 12 a clock line, (these two Pins keepeth your Paper steady;) Then with a small Bodking prick a hole through every hour line of your paper into the board, and then take it off; Then stick in your Pin into the Centre hole of the board again, and laying the Ruler close to the Pin, and close to each hole in the board, mark and draw your hour lines; (And note that you may extend these hour lines to what length you please, according to the bigness of the board;) And then figure it as you see in this example following.   a square with a border marked A at the center of the top side of the border with a semi-circle just below it inside the border that has ray-like lines leading out to the numbers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 along the sides of the border 
Now for the Cock or Style of your Dyal, it must be set in the 12 hour line, and must be just equal in height from the board, as the triangular Figure marked with B sheweth; the line with pricks is but to direct you which side must be next to the board: The Style may be made of a thin iron Plate, and Simond in, or of stiff Wire; the upper end of which must be put just to the Centre by A, equal to the 6 hour line: when this is done, you must get some Painter to paint it in Oil Colours, and so set it up.   a figure marked B of a diagonal line up to the right meets a line that curves back down to a base of dotted lines  

RECEIPT L. How to make an horizontal or Flat Dial, to stand upon a Post, or other place.  
THis dyal may be made into sundry forms, either four square, six, or eight squares, or round, as you please, and it is to be placed on the head of a Post, either in Garden, Yard, or at the outside of a Glass-window where the Sun cometh: behold the Form.  
 a hexagon with a near-completed circular border within it marked with numbers of hours enclosing a circle with ray lines coming away from it that connect to each number  
You must note, that the hour lines of this Dyal doth  from the former, and so doth the Style in height: But you must work with this as in the other with your oiled Paper, to draw the hour lines, and to make a line just in the middle, for your 12 a clock line. The Centre of this Dial is hard by the letter C, and must be more near the middle than the other, because it containeth more hours thereon, for the other will serve but from 6. to 6. but this from 4. to 8. You may make this Dial in Stone, Wood, or Mettle; And remember to make the height of this Style or Cock according to this triangle marked with the Letter D. for it must be higher,  a figure marked D of a diagonal line up to the right meets a line that curves back down to a base of dotted lines as you may perceive by this figure. You may make Simmon for to fasten the Style, with , powder of Brick, and some. Chalk, mingled together: and with a hot Iron melt it into the crevise.   

RECEIPT LI. A pretty way to make a Sundial on the ceiling of a Room or Chamber, whereby you may know the time of the day as you lie in Bed.  
IF you have any Window Southeast, or South which is best, and that is for your turn: In the lower Post or Frame of the inside of your Window, about the middle, fasten with wax a little round piece of Looking-glass, or other glass, about the bigness of a twopences; (you may cut it round with an old pair of Scissors;) But if you place it higher in your Window on a little ledge, it will be the better;) as you may see here in the Figure;) setting it level with the Horizon; and the reflection of the Sun in the Glass will show on the ceiling the hour of the day; the Centre of the Dial must be perpendicular to the Glass; This Dial must have no Style, and it must be made like the last horizontal Dial: You may draw the Circle, hour lines, and figures with a Pencil or coal; the black spot is the piece of Looking-glass; The Dial is the Ceiling.  
 a semi-circle above a window with numbers on it with a smaller semi-circle within and beneath it with ray-like lines coming out from it linking to the numbers on the larger semi-circle   

RECEIPT. LII. How to make a Candle-Dyall, whereby you may know the hours of the night.  
ONe Winter's evening sitting by the fire, me thought there might be some device for a Candle-Dyal; At length it came into my head; I made a little four square frame of Wood, of a piece of a thin Trencher, making the inside thereof fit for the bottom of a Candlestiks to stand in, which I did ordinarily use; on two sides of the square I fastened a little piece of Wyre, not a quarter of an inch long; and just where the Candlestiks should stand, on a Table or Board, I made two little holes with a Bodkin for the ends of the two Wires to go into, and then I set down my Candle and Candlestiks into the square: Having thus done, I made another long Frame like the Frame of a Picture, and pasted half a sheet of white Paper therein upon a thin board, and so hung it up against the wall: Then in the Ceiling I fastened a small Pulley, and on that Pulley I had two little Plummets of Lead, one broader at the bottom than the other, and tied them to a piece of Packthread at each end, and so hung them in the Poultry, (as you may better apprehend by the Figure;) The broadest Plummet I pulled down till it gave a shadow on the lower end of the Paper in the Frame on the wall, (which is now the 1. and 7, a clock line) and where the broad bottom cast a shadow I made a speck with my Pen, and then turned an Hour— glass,  a bell hanging from a pully in back of a candle on a table whose light casts a shadow on a chart of numbers on a wall and when that was run out I made another speck, which is the 2 and 8 line, and so of the rest; By these divisions, you may with a pair of Compasses divide the rest of the hour lines upwards: You must pull down the broad Plummet and set it at any time to the hour you please, as by this, it shows that it is half an hour past 4 or 10 of the clock. You must remember to have your Candles always of one size or weight, as of the eights, or twelves in the pound, or such as you usually burn: You may take away your Candle and Candlestick out of the square Frame if you have occasion, and then set it down in its place again which keeps all right. I have placed the Figures at each end of the hour lines, as from 1. to 7. on the first side; and then from 7. to 12. on the other side. Note, when it is just 7. on the first side, then pull down the Plummet to 7. on the other side, which I hold to be the best way.   

RECEIPT LIII. How to keep Cherries, Pears, Nuts, or other fruit a year, as fresh as they came from the tree.  
When they are pretty ripe, cut off the stalks, and put them into an earthen pot well leaded, and then cover them well with honey; then stop the pot with pitch or wax, that no air may enter in, and then put the pot in some cellar or cool place, burying it well in sand, and so let it remain till you use it.   

RECEIPT LIV. How to make Grapes, and other Fruit to have no stones or kernels.  
IT is said, that if ye do plant or set the smaller end of the twig of a vine somewhat deep into the earth (which will take root) that those Grapes that will grow thereon shall have no stones. The like effect hath Peaches, Apricocks, Damsons, Cherries, and other Stone-fruits, if the small ends of the cyons be grafted into the stocks. Also, if you bend down both the ends of an Apple or Peartree cyon, and graft them on both sides of the stock; and the next year when they have grown, cut the Cyon in the middle, and one shall bear fruit with kernels, and the other none.   

RECEIPT LV. How to make yellow Roses grow, and to make Trees and other things grow green all the year.  
I Have been informed, that if you will graft a white Rose upon a Broomstalke, or on a Furzon bush, that the same will bear yellow Roses, but they will have no sweet sent.  
Also, if you will graft a Rose or other thing upon a Holly-stock, the leaves of the same will grow green all the year.   

RECEIPT LVI. How to make Apples, Pears, and other Fruit of several colours, and to give them a dainty taste of spices.  
IF you will give a pleasant colour to your Fruit, do thus: For a red, boil Brasill, Turnesoyle, or ; and for a yellow, use Saffron, or Turmerick: Now to give them a dainty taste and smell, you must beat Cloves, Mace, Cinnamon, and Nutmegs to powder, and mix them with the water of your colours with some honey. Then with an auger bore a hole in the biggest part of the tree, unto the middle, something sloping downwards; and then pour your water and spices into the hole, then with a pin made of the same wood or tree, beat it hard into the hole, and saw off the end, and wax it about: This must be done in winter before the spring, because when the sap riseth, the colour, sent, and taste also ascendeth with the same.   

RECEIPT LVII. How to know precisely on the Ceiling of a Chamber, which way the wind blows at all times.  
THis conceit did I see in King James his Bedchamber at Whitehall: the Chamber was an upper Room, having a Vain or Weathercock of iron placed above the top or tiles of the house, which had a long stem of iron, which did reach from thence through the Ceiling of the Chamber; upon which Ceiling was pointed a Mariners compass, with the two and thirty winds thereon: Now the lower end of the stem of the Vain came through the Centre of the compass, unto which was fastened an index or needle (like to those in an ordinary Dial) which doth presently show how the various wind doth shift from place to place, which you may continually know precisely both night and day.   

RECEIPT LVIII. How to keep drink quick and fresh, that beginneth to be sour and dead.  
IT is good to put a handful or two of ground Malt into your vessel (if it begin to fail) and stir the drink and the Malt well together, and this will make it to work afresh, and become good again; likewise if you add new strong drink to the old, the dead drink is forced for to work again to a new head. Some do bury their vessel of drink in the ground for four and twenty hours, and thereby recover it. Others do throw into the vessel a handful of salt: it is also good to tilt your vessel before your drink behalf out and then it will draw fresh to the latter end. But the best way is to put a handful, or more, of Oatmeal into your vessel, when it is first laid into the Seller or Buttery, whereby it will always carry a quick and lively taste.   

RECEIPT. LIX. An excellent way for baking of Bread, that it shall not be hard crusted, nor yield so many crumbs.  
Go to the Plate-worker, (such as maketh ordinary Dripping-pans,) and cause him to make a Pot, or Pots of his latin plate, which may contain half a peck, or greater, or less, as you please, according as you mean the bigness of your Loaf shall be; Let this Pot be made with a bottom at the lower end, and open at the top, almost like a Peaker, as you may see here by this Figure;  a pot for baking bread And when it is done, take a little Butter, and anoint the insides of the Pot therewith, and when your Dow is moulded put it into the same, (not full to the top,) and thrust it down hard to the bottom, and then set it into an Oven amongst other bread, with the lesser end downward; and when it is baked it will easily come out; This Loaf will have no hard crust, nor crumble as other Loaves do, and will show smooth, standing like a Sugarloaf upon the Table, and in a little compass.   

RECEIPT LX. A dainty strong and glistering Mortar, or Plastering, for Ceilings, or for Wals.  
IT is said, that in Italy they much use this Conceit for the Plastering of their Ceilings, Floors, or Walls, which is by mixing and well tempering together Oxen and Cow's blood with fine Loame or Day, and it will be very strong and binding substance, and being well smoothed, it will glister, and become very hard.  
Some few, (but choice Physical Receipts, etc.   

RECEIPT LXI. Of the great virtues of Crocum Martis, fit to be used at this time, for the Bloodyflux, which so much now reigneth in the Army.  
THis Crocum Martis, is a powder which you may have at the Apothecaries; this amongst all other Medicines in the world, is the most excellent that can be found against the Bloodyflux, giving it in this order. Take an ounce of Conserve of Roses, and one scruple of Crocum Martis, and mix them together; then let the Patient eat it in the morning, and fast thereon two hours; and this (by the grace of God) will help him although he had it never so long, or never so sore. It is also given above all other Medicines, in the latter end of a Dropsy; and also against the Flux of Menstrue, and against bleeding at the nose, and all other Fluxes whatsoever; It helpeth those that spit blood: It is excellent to stop the Flux in Wounds, and to heal them and dry them, if ye strew the powder thereon.   

RECEIPT LXII. Of the rare virtue and operation of the Quintessence of Honey, for many Diseases; with the Oil of Wax.  
YOu must understand, that Honey is rather a liquor Divine, then Humane, because it falleth from Heaven upon Herbs and Flowers, and is such a sweet thing that the like cannot be found upon the earth. This Quintessence is of such virtue, that if any be almost dead, and drink two or three Dramms thereof, he will presently recover. If you wash any wound therewith, or other sore, it will quickly heal. It is excellent against the Cough, Catar, or pain of the Milt, and many other Diseases. It helpeth the Falling-sickness, the Palsy, and preserveth the body from putrefaction.  
The Oil of Wax worketh in Wounds most miraculously, healing them, be the same never so big and wide, (being before wide stitched up,) in the space of eleven or twelve days; But smaller wounds, in three or four days, by anointing the same therewith, and laying a cloth thereon wet in the same. Moreover, for inward diseases it is excellent; It provoketh Urine which is stopped; it helpeth stitches, and pain in the loins; if you drink one dram thereof in white-wine, it helpeth the cold Gout, or Sciatica, and all other griefs coming of cold.   

RECEIPT. LXIII. Of the manifold Operations of the Oil of Cinnamon.  
THis Oil is of a miraculous nature, for it pierceth through the flesh and bones, being very hot and dry, and is good against all cold and moist diseases, being comfortable for the head and heart, working the same operation on a dying man as the former: To be short, this Oil is of such operation and virtue, that if a man drink never so little, he shall feel it work to his fingers and toes end; therefore it pierceth through the whole body, helping all diseases that come of cold and phlegmatic humours: It availeth much with women in travel: it driveth away the Measles and spots if the face and hands be anointed therewith: it warmeth the breast, and helps the cold Cough: it consumes all cold fluxes that proceed from brain and head, and causeth quiet sleep. In brief, this Oil may be used in stead of the natural Balm for many diseases.   

RECEIPT. LXIV. How to distil and make Oil of Rosemary flowers, with its virtue.  
TAke Rosemary flowers and stamp them, than put them into a glass with strong wine, and stop it close, setting it in the Sun for five or six days, and then distil it with a soft fire, and you shall have both water and oil, which you must separate, keeping the oil close in a glass, whose virtues are these.  
It helpeth against all pains in the head, although they have continued seven years, it comforteth the memory, and also preserveth the eyes, if you drink now and then a drop or two, & put another into the eyes: it helpeth those that are deaf, if it be put into the ears, and also drunk with good wine: it openeth all stops of the liver and milk, and helpeth against the dropsy, and yellow Jaundize: it breaketh wind, and easeth Colic, and rising of the mother: it is also excellent against the Pestilence, or those which have drunk poison, if they drink of this Oil, and lay them down to sweat: It comforteth the heart, and cleanseth the blood, and maketh a man merry, and causeth a good colour: It helpeth those that have the Canker and Fistula, and such like. And to be brief, it helpeth all the diseases of the body that come of cold and moist humours, although they were never so evil.   

RECEIPT. LXV. How to help Deafness, and to expel wind from the Head.  
TAke five or six drops, or more, of the Spirit of Wine, or good Aquavita in a spoon, and holding down your head on one side, let one pour the same into your Ear; let it continue there about the space of half a quarter of an hour, still holding your head aside that it run not out; and than you shall hear a most terrible noise and rumbling in your head, which is the wind; then turn your head aside, & the water will run all out again very hot: Now when you have done thus much on one side, you may do as much on the other; but be sure to keep your head warm after you have done. This I have often proved, and found ease thereby.   

RECEIPT LVI. How to give ease, and to help the raging pain of the teeth, without drawing  
THis is also performed with the spirit of Wine, or good Aquavita (as you have read in the former Receipt) by pouring it into the ears, especially on that side where as your pain lieth; but after that you have let the water run forth of your ears, then with more of the same water (against a fire) you must rub and chafe your cheeks, and under your jaws, and behind your ears, stroking of them upwards with your hands toward the neck, to drive back the humours; for it is nothing else but a cold rheum that distilleth from the head into the Gums which causeth the pain: Therefore be sure to keep the head very warm when you have done.  
I have been certified (but how true it is I know not) that three teeth taken out of a dead man's skull, and sowed it into a clout or part of Leather, and worn about them, which were much subject to the Toothache, it gave them present ease, and they never were troubled with the same so long as they had those Teeth about them.   

RECEIPT LXVII. A dainty Receipt for curious Artists, or others, to strengthen and comfort the eyes.  
THis Receipt I had of a curious Ingraver, and my Friend; who every morning, before he went to work, in the corner of his Handkerchief, (or a clean linen Rag,) did put a few drops of Aqua-vita, and with the same did wipe the corners of his Eyes, Eyebrows, and Temples, which did keep back the Rheum, and greatly did strengthen and comfort the Eyes; of which I have often made trial, and found much comfort.   

RECEIPT LXVIII. Of Fractures, which are Bones broken; and also of Dislocutions, or Joints displaced, with their cure.  
MAny times it happeneth that Legs, Arms, and Fingers are broken, or out of joint, and the Party so hurt is void of help; by reason they have no Chirurgeon near them; Therefore for the relief of such Persons, I have here set down some directions by which they may be eased of their pain: But I would not wish them to trust to too much of their own skill, if they have any expert Chirurgeon near hand to do it.  
If a Leg or an Arm be broken, then have a care to place the Member in the same manner as it was before, which you shall do in this manner.  
Take a Towel and make it fast above the place where it is broken, and then take an other Towel and fasten it underneath the place where it is broken; then cause two men to pull those two Towels, that they may thereby extend or stretch out the Member; and when the Member is stretched forth at length, place the broken Bones as they were at the first; and so by little and little let them slack their pulling: Then have a Cloth ready, so big that it may compass the whole Member, wet this Cloth in whites of Eggs, and Oil of Roses mingled together, and lay it on the grieved part; then roll it about with a linen Rouler, of four fingers broad, and two yards long, wet the Rouler in water and vinegar mingled together: First, roll it about the fracture three or four times, then downward, and then upward, and so fasten it: then roll it with another Rouler, in the same manner; on these place thin splints of light wood, armed well with tow, one fingers breadth from each other, and bind them on with tape: then place the member on some soft Pillow for twenty days; but if a pain full itch do arise, open and foment the place with warm water, and then anoint it with Vnguentum Album, and roll it up again.  
If that a finger be broken, roll it with a convenient Rouler, and splint it, and use the means aforesaid.   

RECEIPT LXIX. A precious Salve for all those that have had any member out of joint, called Jeremy of brunswick's Salue.  
THis famous Chirurgeon, with this salve, hath healed those that had formerly their members out of joint, or those that had been wounded, and could not stir or bow the member where they had the hurt: For by this Salve did he bring many stiff and crooked Joints again to their former strength, to the great admiration of all men, both Surgeons and others.  

How to make the Salve.  
Take two ounces of old Hogs-grease, and of Ducks-grease, and Goos-grease, Hens or Capons-grease of each two ounces: Linseed-meale, Fenetreek-meale, of each two ounces; oil-olive eight ounces; Oppoponax, Mastic and Frankincense, of each an ounce; dissolve the Gums in white wine (that are to be dissolved) and powder the other, mingle them all together, and add wax and turpentine to them, then boil them all together with good stirring.    

RECEIPT LXX. How to order and dress a wound when it is first hurt, with their remedy.  
First remove all such things as are in the wound, as clotted blood, would iron, or the like; then dry the blood with a cloth or sponge, and wash it with cold white wine, and apply some unguents or Balms to the same, and on that a plaster fit for a wound; then roll it gently, and in good form, for that helpeth to hasten the cure.  
If the wound be of any length, you may stitch it in three or more places, but be sure for to leave a place at the lower part thereof for to purge itself thereby.   

RECEIPT LXXI. Au excellent Unguent or Lineament for green wounds, especially for those in the head  
Take of the best Turpentine an ounce and a half, and as much of Gum Elemi, of Capon's grease an ounce; melt these at the fire, and mingle them. When you use it, melt it, and anoint the edges of the wound, and dip a pledget of lint in it, and apply it to the wound, and then lay a plaster on the top of the same, and roll it gently.   

RECEIPT LXXII. How to make a sovereign Oil or Balm for all wounds, simple, or contused.  
TAke three pound of common Oil, two pound of turpentine, wheat that is cleansed five ounces, Saint-Johns wort a pound, Valerian, Cardus-Benedictus, of each fourteen ounces; bruise the herbs, and infuse them in white wine six or eight hours, than put thereto the wheat and oil, and boil them on an easy fire, till the wine be consumed, then strain them, and put the turpentine in, and then boil them again on a soft fire to perfection.   

RECEIPT LXXIII. An excellent Emplaster, which is good for all wounds or Ulcers  
TAke Deers suet four ounces, Rosin, and Perrosin of each a pound and a half, white wax and Frankincense of each four ounces, Mastic an ounce; melt the wax and suet, and powder the Gums, and put them together; and when they be melted strain them through a piece of Canvasse; then add to them a pottle of white wine, and boil them all to the consumption of the wine, with continual stirring; and then take it from the fire, and when it is almost cold, put thereto four ounces of turpentine washed in white wine, and of campher powdered two ounces; then make rolls of it, and keep it for your use.   

RECEIPT LXXIIII. An other excellent Plaster for wounds in the Breast, or other parts.  
TAke Pine-Rosin that is fresh, clear and sweet a pound, Oil of Bays, and turpentine, of each two ounces; Gum Elemni sweet and good four ounces; melt the Rosin and Gum together, and stir them well, then put in the Oil and Turpentine, and let it boil, with continual stirring, and then strain it, and reserve it for your use in a close pot.  
When you use it, spread it on a piece of leather bigger than the wound by three fingers breadth, and make a hole in the middle of the leather for the corruption to run forth: this doth it without tent or pledget: Dress it twice a day in the summer, and once a day in the winter.  
This Plaster is good for all wounds in the breast, or other parts, for it draweth the hollow parts of all wounds, and strengtheneth the parts, clearing them from unnatural matter, and drieth all wounds caused by thrusts.   

RECEIPT LXXV. Of the general significations of sicknesses, either present or near at hand.  
THese following Presages and tokens of sicknesses, are worth the observation of all men; First, to prepare themselves for God, if he be pleased to call them; otherwise that they may in time before they be too much spent, have the counsel and help of learned and expert Physicians.  

Signs of Sickness are these.  
If the body be hotter, colder, moister, drier, leaner, or fatter, or the colour more pale, or more swartish, or the eyes more hollow than they were accustomed to be, and on the sudden change, all these are certain forerunners and messengers, that the body is disposed to sickness, or already sick.    

RECEIPT LXXVI. Of the signification of the several colours of some Vrines.  
THe Colours and Symptoms of Vrines are many and various, as are the diseases; and therefore aught to be judged on by the learned: but thus much in brief.  
Red and thick Urine, betokeneth sanguine.  
Red and thin betokeneth melancholy.  
White and thick, signifieth phlegm.  
White and thin betokeneth melancholy.  
The highness of the colour signifieth heat, but the pale, black, or green, betokeneth cold  
Also, the grossness or thickness of the Urine signifieth moisture; the clearness or thinness dryth.  
Urine of the colour of bright Gold, or of the colour of Gilt, signifieth perfect digestion or health.  
Red as a red Apple or Ch●rry, or base red like role Armonack, or red like glowing fire, betokeneth excess of digestion.  
Clear and white like water, or grey as a horn, or white like whey; or the colour of a Camel's hair, signifieth lack of digestion.  
Pale like to broth or flesh sodden, betokeneth the beginning of digestion.  
Citrine colour or yellow, or subcitrine or paler, signifieth the middle of digestion.  
Colour of a beasts liver, or of dark wine, or green like to Coleworts, showeth adustion of humours.  
Urine of a leady colour, or black as ink, or black as horn, or dark above and clear beneath, betokeneth feebleness of nature, mortification and death.  
FINIS.    

THE SCHOOL OF Artificial Fireworks.  

First, The Order and making in a true proportion all sorts of Moulds for Fireworks.  
BEfore you proceed to the making of Rockets for Fireworks, it is requisite to understand how for to order and make your Moulds and other Instruments for the same; and first for your Moulds: You must provide a piece of good dry Box, Holly, Walnut-tree, Crabtree, or some such like tough wood, without shakes or knots: And when you have thus done, it is fit to know of what length and breadth you desire to have your Mould; for following this kind of proportion, all other sorts of Moulds are made great and small; therefore you ought to have a Turner to turn and bore the same:) As for example; If I would have the hole of a Mould bored but an inch diameter or wide, than the length of the Mould must be six times so long as the hole is wide (which is six inches,) and on each side of the hole half an inch thick: So that when the Mould is turned round, it is two inches over in breadth. When you have done this, you must have a bottom made, and is to be fitted in this manner as is described by the Letters in the Figure following.  
A. Is the Foot of the Mould, and must be in height two inches, and must be in breadth an inch and a quarter, whether it be square or round.  
B. Serveth only for a stay, and must arise one inch into the Mould; and so proportional in all other Moulds.  
C. Is for the mouth of the Rocket, and is in breadth two third parts of an inch, and then setting one foot of a pair of Compasses in the middle or Centre, describe the arch, which is the full height required.  
D. Is the length and bigness of the Needle, which is two third parts the length of the Mould; and the bigness of the bottom one sixth part the breadth of the bore, and taper toward the top.  
EE, Serveth for the Paper being rolled, and must be one sixth part of the breadth on each side.   mould for making fireworks 
FF. Is the thickness of the Mould, which is half the breadth of the Boar, that is in this Mould half an inch.  
FG. Is the length of the Mould, which is fix times the breadth.   

2. The order and making of Rulers, Rammers, and other things for the Coffins.  
HAving provided your Mould, than you are to fit your Rowler, which must be two third parts of the breadth of the Boar of the Mould, and the length thereof six inches longer than the Mould, which is for rolling of your Paper, and is described by the Letter A, in the Figure following, with a hole to be bored in the bottom to receive a Wire, which must be fastened in another piece of wood somewhat shorter, to take out at your pleasure, which is described by the Letter D, the use thereof shall be described when I shall show the order of making the Coffins.  
When you have fitted your Rocket, then proceed to the making of your Rammers, which must always be two at the least, for each several Mould as they increase in largeness, so you must be fitted with several Rammers, by reason of the Taper Needle, the manner and form is described by the Letters, B. C. in the Figure following.  
B. Is the hollow Rammer, and hath a hole in it answerable to the length and bigness of the Taper Needle; It must be a small matter less than the Rowler, because that otherwise in putting ' it in, you will put down the Paper. The other Rammer is not half so long, and is sad, that when you have beaten to the top of the Needle, you may make use of this, which is marked with the Letter C.   four instruments for the making of fireworks 
Having fitted your Rammers, provide a piece of Box made after the form as you see described by the Letter F, which must serve to make your large Coffins, to put the work which you intent, on the head of your Rockets.  
E. E. Sheweth the breadth, which is the just bigness of the Rocket, and must be so in all sizes.  
G. G. Describeth the largeness of the Coffin, and must be twice the breadth.  
The Letters H. H. showeth the length of the Coffin, which ought to be twice the breadth of the Rocket; but you are not tied to that so precisely, because you may alter that according to the work which you put therein.   

3. How to order and make the Coffins of Paper.  
HAving explained the manner and form of the Moulds, with the other things belonging to the same; I will now show the use of them in their several Orders; and first for the use of the Rowler, described by the Letter A, in the Figure before.  
Provide you some good large strong Paper for your work; and to know what length your Paper must be, let it be always the length of your Mould; so shall you have one breadth left above the Mould; the use whereof shall be showed hereafter. Now having provided your Paper in length ready, take your Rowler, and one length of Paper, ●nd begin to roll; when you have rolled one sheet, you must have a board with a ●andle to roll it with, (the board is mar●ed in the Figure following with the Letter 〈◊〉.) which must be done in this manner: ●ou must hold the Rowler in your left hand, ●nd with your right hand hold the board by ●he handle, and then lay down your Rower upon some smooth Chest, or Table; which when you have done, roll another length of Paper, and so proceed in rolling between every sheet, until you have rolled on so much as will fill the Mould very straight: When you have thus done, draw forth the Rowler, about an inch, and then take the other short Rowler, which is marked with the Letter D. in the other Figure, and put it in as you see described; and there you shall have a place left for the choking of the Rocket, of which is next following.   a man using a handled device on a tabletop rendered next to the device itself marked B  

4. The order and manner how you shall choke a Rocket.  
When you are to choke a Rocket, you must have an Iron hook or a staple droven into some post, to which you must fasten your cord, which must be bigger or less according to the bigness of your Rocket, by reason that a small cord will not choke a great Rocket for want of strength and a great cord will not serve for a small one, in regard that it will make too great a choking, so that you must have a bigger and a less; and when you have so done, you must tie one end of the cord to the hook or staple, and at the other end, about a yard off, tie a strong stick, in fashion of a Swing, it must be strong because it beareth the weight of the body, (as you may see in the Figure following marked with the Letter K.) which when you have provided, put the stick between your legs, and wind the cord about the Rocket-case in the place appointed, which must be between the long Rowler and the short; when that is done, gird it by degrees, ever turning the Rowler, to the end it may come together more close and neat; and when you have sufficiently choked it, draw forth your short Rowler, and where the choking is, tie it about with strong Pack-thread; and then draw forth the Rowler, your Coffin is ready to be filled when occasion serveth, the form whereof followeth, by this Letter A.  
 a man marked K using a roller pulling on a string attached to a standing board rendered next to a coffin marked A   

5. The manner of driving a Rocket, with the Instruments belonging thereto.  
YOur Coffin of Paper being finished, take it, and with your hollow Rammer, force the same down close into the Mould, and when you have done, strike two or three hard blows to settle the Paper into his right form: Which being done, than you must fill the Coffin, in doing whereof, you must have a care, providing a measure, which may contain but the twentieth part of your whole Rocket; so by that means you shall not fail, but every Rocket shall have a true proportion alike; as for example; I have a Coffin, which being filled, will hold an ounce of mixture, or thereabouts; then I take the twentieth part, and when I find what quantity it is, I make a measure of Horn or Latin marked with the Letter F. which shall contain so much; and then I begin to fill my Coffin with one measure at a time, and putting in my Rammer, I strike four or five smart blows with a good heavy Mallet; and then I fill another measure, and strike again; so I continue till I come to the top of the Needle; then I take the sad Rammer, and so continue with it, till I come to the top of the Mould: Now the Paper which is above the top of the Mould, must be turned down, and beaten hard; which being done, the Rocket is finished from the Mould, which being forced out with as much ease as you can, for the less you force it, (being filled, and the Needle taken out,) the better it is, for knocking loosens the Powder, and so causes the Rocket for to fail. You should have a Funnel to fill your small Rockets, which is marked with the Letter G.  
 a man standing at a table next to a standing morter and pestle hitting a coffin he is holding in one hand on with a hammer in his other hand flanked by a rendering of a scoop marked F and a funnel marked G   

6. Of the Composition and Receipts for your Rockets.  
HAving thus finished your Rockets, it now rests to know the Receipts: For in the making of them, the chiefest thing to be regarded is the composition that they ought to be filled withal; for as much as that which is proper to Rockets which are of a less sort, is very improper to those which are of a greater size; for the fire being lighted in a great Concave, which is filled with a quick composition, burns with great violence, and so contrary, a weak composition being placed into a small Concave, maketh no effect: Therefore we shall here deliver rules and directions, which may serve for the true composition, or matter wherewith you may charge any Rocket, from Reckets which are charged but with one ounce of powder, unto greater, which requireth for their charge ten pound of powder: And here followeth the Ingrediences for several Rockets.  
First, for Rockets of one ounce.  
Unto each pound of good Musket powder beaten, put two ounces of small Coaldust, and with this charge the Rocket.  
For Rockets of two or three ounces.  
Unto every four ounces and a half of powder-dust, add an ounce of Saltpetre; or to every four ounces of powder-dust, add an ounce of Coaldust.  
For Rockets of four ounces.  
Unto every pound of Powder-dust, add four ounces of Saltpetre, and an ounce of Coaldust; but to have it more slow, unto every ten ounces of good Powder-dust, add three ounces of Saltpetre, and three ounces of Coaldust.  
For Rockets of five or six ounces.  
Unto every pound of Powder-dust, add three ounces and a half of Saltpetre, and two ounces and a half of Coaldust, and an ounce of Sulphur, and an ounce of File-dust.  
For Rockets of seven or eight ounces.  
Unto every pound of Powder-dust, add four ounces of Saltpetre, and three ounces of Sulphur.  
For Rockets of ten or twelve ounces.  
Unto the former Ingrediences, add half an ounce of Sulphur, and it will be sufficient.  
For Rockets of Fourteen and Sixteen ounces.  
Unto every pound of Powder-dust, add four ounces of Saltpetre; of Coledust two ounces and a quarter; of Sulphur and File-dust, an ounce and a quarter.  
For Rockets of one pound.  
Unto every pound of Powder-dust, add three ounces of Coaldust, and an ounce of Sulphur.  
For Rockets of two pound.  
Unto every pound of Powder dust, add nine ounces and a half of Saltpetre, of Coaldust, two ounces and a half; of File-dust, one ounce and a half; and of Sulphur, three quarters of an ounce.  
For Rockets of three pound.  
Unto every pound of Saltpetre, add six ounces of Coaldust; and of Sulphur four ounces.  
For Rockets of four, five, six, or seven pound.  
Unto each pound of Saltpetre, add five ounces of Coaldust; and of Sulphur two ounces and a half.  
For Rockets of eight, nine or ten pound.  
Unto every pound of Saltpetre, add five ounces and a half of Coaldust, and of Sulphur two ounces and a half.  
Here note, that in all great Rockets there is no Powder put, because of the greatness of the fire, which is lighted at once, which causeth too great a violence, and therefore aught to be filled with a more weak composition.  
Now when you have provided your Powder, you must first meal it, and then searce it so that it may be free from any corn, though never so small. Likewise, take good dry coal, well burnt, and beat it to dust, searcing it very fine, which when you have done, mix them according as your occasion requireth, and following your directions.   

7. The manner of heading a Rocket, with the order of capping it.  
IN the manner of heading a Rocket, you must use the thick Rowler, which you may see described by the Letter F. in the second Figure; upon which you must roll some Paper, or fine Past-boord, and past it so that it may be very close, and then choke it at the length of the thicker part, so that it may come close to your stick in the lesser part, which will be fit to be tied to the top of the Rocket; so shall you have a Coffin to put in your works, which must be of divers sorts. This being done, you must provide taper Caps, which must be adjoined to the top of the large Coffin: The use of them is to keep in your works, and to cause them to pierce the Air more swifter. The manner of making these caps, is to take a pair of Compasses, and describe a circle in Pastboord, then cut it out with a pair of Sheers, and that will make two caps, being cut in the middle, and turned one corner under the other, and so pasted; and let them so pasted, be put in a Napking-presse till they be dry; and when they are dry, cut out a half circle in Paper, which shall fit round about the said cap, and shall serve to past on the cap to the Coffin: So you have all things ready to the finishing of your Rocket, which must be done in the manner which followeth. R. in the next Figure, is the Crackers fastened to the top of the Rocket: S. is the cap; T. is the Fisgigs finished; H. is the stick tied to the Rocket.   

8. The manner of finishing a Rocket.  
HAving driven your Rocket, as I have showed, with the Paper turned down, you must first prime it, which must be with Cotten-wick, made for that purpose, which you must put into the vent, leaving a piece to hang lower than the mouth of the Rocket, by three or four inches; which being done, tie a piece of Paper over the Mouth that it may not fall out: Now having primed your Rocket, you may proceed to the heading of it, and that is done after this manner.  
Take your Rocket, and on the head you should turn down the Paper; you must with a Bodkin pierce two or three holes, that when the Rocket hath spent itself, the works which are in the head may take fire; which holes prime with a little Powder-dust, and then put on the head, with the choking fitted to your Rocket, which must come over the same in such manner, that the bottom of the greater part must come even with the top of the Rocket; which tie fast to the Rocket, with thread, and then put in your works; But before you put in your works, whether they be Stars, or any other works, you must put in a little Cotton-wool, being rolled in Powder dust, to make your stars to take fire, or likewise may blow out: Having thus done, put in your stars, or other works; and if you make more than one tire, (as you may do of your stars,) than you must put more Cotten rolled in Powder-dust among them, or between every tire, that they may all take fire; then take your Cap, and fill the hollow place with Cotton, because it is light, & likewise will fire quickly: which being fitted, paste it close to the top of the Coffin, that it may stand upright; then must you fit your stick, for the peasing of your Rocket, which ought to be eight times the length of the Rocket without the head: You must get the smoothest and lightest you can, such as Basket-makers use, and then cut one side of it flat at the great end, then make two notches on the round side, that the one be differing from the other, so much as is between the choking of your Rocket, and the end of the Vent, for if you should tie it upon the Vent, it would loosen the Powder: causing it to break in the fyring: Be careful that you tie not the wrong end of the Rocket uppermost, but tie that end downward which is choked, and with a piece of thread that is strong tye it to the lower notch about the choking. When you have tied that, then tie the other higher, and let the stick come even with the top of the Rocket; The manner whereof is showed in the next Figure, by the Letter G. Then pease your Rocket, by laying it on your finger two or three inches from the mouth; and if you find the stick be too heavy, cut it shorter, till you find your Rocket to balance your stick, for if the stick be too heavy, the Rocket will be slug, and being too light, the Rocket will fall before it be half up. These things being provided, you have your Rocket ready to be fired, which must be after this manner following.   

9 The manner of firing Rockets, with the description of a Staff for the same.  
YOu must provide a long Staff with a Pike at one end, to be thrust hard into the ground, with a three legged staff, having a hollow hoop at the top, to let this long staff slide up and down, to the end, that having Rockets, whose sticks are longer than the staff, yet by raising it through the said Iron hoop, you may make it four or five foot longer than it would be, standing on the ground. Now this long staff must have a sliding piece cut with several points, which must be near the top; and at the bottom there must be a Ring of Wyer, to let the stick go through; which must be made likewise to slide up and down; so thrusting the small end through the said Ring, your Rocket will rest upon that part above, which must be just opposite in a straight line; so open the mouth of your Rocket, and pull out the end of your Cotton-wick, and with a piece of Match fastened in a Linstock, give fire to the wick, and by degrees, you shall see it fire your Rocket; which ordered well, will mount very straight and high: Thus having showed the whole order of composing a Rocket, with firing of the fame; I will in the next place show you the order for making of Stars, and other works, which are necessary for the heads of your Rockets. The Figure of the Rocket and the staff are here presented.  
The Letter G. is the Rocket with the long stick.  
A. The long Staff to rise through the Ring.  
B. B. B. The three legged Staff.  
C. The Ring or Hoop of Iron, for the long staff to slide thorough.  
D. The Screw to fasten to the long staff being raised.  
E A piece of Iron filled with notches to hang the Rocket on.  
F. The Ring of Wyre to put thorough the stick, to be raised higher or lower.  
G. Is the Rocket. H. The long stick.   parts of a rocket  

10. Several compositions for the ordering of Stars of several colours.  
IF you will have your Stars of a blue colour, with red; then take eight ounces of Powder mealed, of Saltpetre four ounces, and of Sulphur vive twelve ounces: Meal these very fine, and mix them together with two ounces of Aquavita, and half an ounce of the Oil of Spike, and let it be dry before you use it.  
If you will have a beautiful white fire; take four ounces of Powder, twelve ounces of Saltpetre, six ounces of Sulphur vive, and half an ounce of Camphire; meal your Ingredients, and mix them: Now to powder your Camphire, you must use a Brass Morter and a Pestle, dipping it in Oil of Almonds, so stirring it by degrees it will powder, and then keep it close from the Air till you use it, or the Camphire will lose its spirit.  
If you will have a white fire, and to last long; then take four ounces of Powder, one ounce of Saltpetre, eight ounces of Sulphur vive, one ounce of Camphir, and two ounces of Oil of Peter: Meal those which are to be mealed very fine, and mix them according to the former directions.   

11. The order and manner of making the best sort of Stars.  
HAving showed the compositions for Stars; now I will show you how to make them, which is thus: you must make little square pieces of brown paper, which fill with your composition, and so double it down, rolling it till you make it somewhat round, about the bigness of a nut or bigger, according to the size of the Rocket, you may put in a dozen on the head of a small Rocket, binding them round with a thread, and then draw a cotton wick through it, being prepared for priming.  
Also there is another way, which is thus; take a small Rowler, about the bigness of an Arrow, and roll a length of paper about it, and past it round, letting it dry, and then you have a hollow trunk of this paper, fill this with your ingredience, thrusting it hard till it be at the top; and then cut it into short pieces, about half an inch long, and then in warm glue dip one of the ends therein, and let them dry, to the end that both ends of your Star fire not, and then put the other end into powder dust; you may put them on your Rocket, in one or two tire, putting in powder dust between every tire, that they may all take fire.  
The priming is thus made; take oil of Camphire, soaking cotton wick therein, and being moist, roll it in fine powder dust, and then hang it up till it be through dry; and then keep it close from air till you use it, or the spirit of the Camphire will decay.   

12. The order and making of other several Fireworks for the Rocket, as Serpents, or fisgigs, Reports, golden and silver Rain, etc.  
THe Serpents or Fisgigs are made about the bigness of ones little finger, by rolling a paper upon a small Rowler, (as it was for your stars) and choking the paper coffin an inch from the end, then fill it three inches with powder dust, and then choke it, and then put in a little corn powder, that when your Serpent hath played a while to and fro, it may break and give a report: you may fill it with the Star mixture, and putting divers of them on the head of a large Rocket, they will first appear like Stars, and when the Stars are spent, taking hold of the powder dust, and they will run wriggling to and fro like Serpents, and at last will give so many reports, very delightful to behold.  
The Reports are made in their proper cases as the Serpents are, but the paper must be somewhat thicker, which will cause it to give the greater report: These are to be filled with grain powder, or half powder and Star mixture.  
To make the golden Rain, you must get store of Goose-quills, and cut them off next the feathers, and fill these quills hard with the same composition that is in your Rocket, and must be put on the head of the Rocket with the open end downwards: If it were possible to put a thousand of these quills upon the head of a Rocket, it were a dainty sight to see how pleasantly they spread themselves in the air, and come down like streams of gold, much like the falling down of Snow, especially if the wind be any thing high.   two renderings of a firework shower emiting from tubes 
If you will make silver Rain it is performed as the other, only you must fill your quills with the same ingredients that you did your white stars.   

13. How to make your fireworks to run upon a line backward and forward.  
TAke small Rockets, and place the tail of one to the head of the other, tying a cane to them to run on a line soped; the line may be a hundred yards long, or longer if you please, being well stretched, and set on stakes, as you may see in the Figure following; As admit the Line to be A B C D E F G, and if you give fire to the Rocket at A, it will fly to B, and then come back again to A. Then fire an other at C, and that will fly to D, and back again to C; and so of the rest. And at the last (if you please) may be placed a pot of Fireworks, which being fired, will make good sport, having Serpents and other things in it, which will variously intermix themselves in the air, and upon the ground, and every one will extinguish itself with a report.  
 a serpent on a line run between posts above a zig-zag line on posts that end with a tube emiting a firework shower   

14. How to make a Wheel of Firework to run forward and backward upon the ground.  
YOu must get a pair of light Wheels like spinning Wheels, both of a bigness, which must be fastened to a small light axle tree, in such manner, that they may not move about the same; and on the middle of the axle tree fasten also a Fire-wheel (as you may see in the Figure following) which must not be so big in compass as the two other wheels, because it must not touch the ground, so that being fast in the middle upon the same axle tree, it cannot run, unless it carry the other wheels with it; these being set on an even ground, will run a great way without ceasing: Now that you may make it return back again, when it hath run its course forward, you may make your middle wheel in such manner, that it may have rockets on both sides, so that when one side is spent, it may give fire to the other side, the mouths of the Rockets being fastened the contrary way, will make a return with a swift motion.  
A A. Are the two outward wheels fastened to the axle tree.   three wheels on a single axle 
C C. Is the Axletree, on the which the three wheels are all fastened.  
B Is the Fire-wheel in the middle, and carrieth it not so great a compass as the other two wheels.   

15. An other way for a single Wheel to be placed on a post, to turn both ways.  
THis may be performed with a single Wheel, so that the Rockets may be placed on each side (as in the other middle Wheel) with a hole from the one side to the other for a vent; then place your Rockets first upon side (but so, that the last Rocket be placed over the said hole) and boring a small hole in one side of the last Rocket, put in a cotton wick for priming, letting it come through the hole in the Wheel, to the mouth of another Rocket, which shall be turned the contrary way on the other side; so that the Wheel having finished its revolution one way, may take fire on the other side, making a retrograde motion: but if you place the Rockets all one way on both sides it will continue twice so long as another of the same bigness, the form of which is expressed in the Figures following.  
D. Is the Wheel with Rockets on one side, the last Rocket to have a vent to pass thorough to the other side.   a wheel on an axle stuck into a board along with a rendering of the front of the wheel 
E. Represents the said Wheel finished, with Rockets on both sides.   

16. The order to make a fixed wheel, standing upon a Post, giving divers reports.  
THere must be a Wheel turned two foot wide, and out of the upper side must be a groofe turned half an inch wide, and half an inch deep, to which groofe you must have a piece of Wood so fitted, that it may just slide in, which piece of Wood must have so many small holes bored in it as you will have reports about it, and be sure you set them not too near together, lest the fire of one, beat the other down; having thus provided your Wheel, you must make a conveyance, or hollow Trunk of Paper, which will just fill it, and fill the same with some of your slow mixtures for Stars, and then putting on the cap of wood so fitted with holes, being made fast with glue, pierce every hole into your hollow conveyance, so that putting a quill into every one, they may take fire, and to the quill fasten a Report; so shall you have a peal of Chambers placed in a small room, which being once fired, will follow in order, till the whole train be spent; Behold the Figure marked with A.  
 a horizontal wheel marked A with rockets upon it atop a post stuck vertically into a ground   

17. Another fixed Wheel upon a Post, which will cast forth many Rockets into the Air.  
THis Wheel is not much unlike the former, which will give fire to divers Rockets standing circular, differing little from the former, only you must make a hole for every stick to pass thorough, (as it is in the Figure B.) and therefore it must be made somewhat broader, which will work the like effect that the other doth, by conveying fire from one Rocket to another, till they be all spent.   a standing man holding a lever connected to a horizontal wheel marked B with rockets atop a post stuck vertically into the ground 
The mixture for this conveyance must he very slow, therefore use these Ingredients: Take eight ounces of Roch peter, four ounces of Sulphur vive, half an ounce of Camphire, two ounces of fine Powder-dust, and meal these very fine, and mingle them together, adding half a quarter of an ounce of Linseed Oil, and as much of the Oil of Peter, these Oils must be dropped in by degrees, and so wrought up, till you find your mixture bound like Doughty, and this is both slow and sure.   

18. An other dainty fixed wheel, which will cast forth divers Fisgigs, or Serpents, and as many Reports.  
YOu must have a Wheel turned with a groofe on the top thereof to put in the conveyance of paper, then fit one a piece of wood (as was before showed) with small holes to put in quills, which are for firing your Reports, and must be placed round about the upper part of your Wheel; and on the side thereof divers holes must be made, of the bigness of your Fisgigs, which must be pierced thorough to the paper conveyance, those Fisgigs that are placed round on the side, and the Reports on the top, one train will fire them all; and in firing, you shall see all the Fisgigs flying round about, one after another, as the fire passeth to them; and for every Fisgig which passeth out, shall be fired a Report; so that there shall be a continual motion, until the whole train be consumed.   a horizontal wheel with rockets atop it and sticking out from its sides atop a post stuck vertically into the ground 
G. Is the Wheel with Reports and Fisgigs R. R. Is the Reports on the upper part. F F. Is the Fisgigs on the side of the wheel.   

19 Of night Combatants with falchions and Targets, Clubs, Mases, etc.  
THis is performed by two men seeming to fight, or to make way in a throng of people; the Clubs at the great ends are made like a round basket (or other form) with wicker, or small sticks on a staff, which must be filled with Rockets in a spiral form, glued, and so placed that they fire but one after another: The Falchions are made of wood in a bowing manner, having large backs to receive many Rockets, the head of one near the neck of another, glued and fastened well together, so that one being spent, the other may take fire; the Targets are made of thin boards, which are challenned in spiral Lines, to contain Primers to fire the Rockets one after another, which is all covered over with a thin covering of wood or pasteboard, bored with holes spiral also, which Rockets must be glued and made fast to the place of the channels: Now if two men having in each hand a Target and a Falchion, or a Maze of fire, and seem to fight, it will appear very pleasant to the Spectators; for by the motion of fight, the place will seem to be full of streams of fire: And there may be adjoined to each Target a Sun or burning Comet, with Lances of fire, which will make them more beautiful and resplendent in that action.  
 two men fighting each other with swords and shields   

20. An other dainty one with Fisgigs, called jacke in a Box.  
THe manner of making the same is in this order cause a box of Plate to be made about six inches deep, & of what compass you please (with a socket at the bottom to put in a staff) than puttin in a quantity of corn powder, or powder dust in the bottom of the box, you may fill it with Fisgigs or Serpents, leaving a place in the middle for a Cane to go through to the bottom, which Cane must be filled with a slow receipt, in which you must put a quantity of Camphir, but no oils, in regard of the narrow passage it hath to burn, without any other vent; then put your Cane down, leaving it an inch above the box, and take a thick piece of pasteboard cutting a hole for the Cane to pass through, and glue it close to the Cane, that the fire pass not through before its time; this past board must be of sufficient breadth to cover the box quite over, than put it on a staff, and light your Cane, which will appear only like a Candle, and after a little space of time you shall hear a sudden noise, and see all those Fisgigs flying some one way, some another: This hath given good content to the beholders; you may if you please make Clubs or Mases of the same.   

21. Of Pots of fire for the ground, which will make the air rebound with their Reports.  
MAny Pots being fired together, do give a fine representation and recreation to the Spectators; for those pots being filled with balls of fire, or flying Serpents for the air, will so intermix one within another, in flying here and there a little above the ground, and giving such a volley of Reports, that the air will rebound with the noise, and the whole place be filled with sundry streams of pleasant fire; which Serpents will much trouble those near the place to defend themselves in their upper parts; and they will be no less busied by the balls of fire, which will seem to annoy their feet.  
 six pots for ground-based fireworks   

22. The making of a Fireball for the ground, which will be in continual motion.  
YOu must get a ball turned of some light wood, and then let it be sawed through the midst with a thin bow-saw; then make on each side a hollow groofe to lay in two Rockets (joined together after the manner of the Runners) and then close up your ball with glue; only in the place where the two Rockets join shall be a groof, which must be pasted over with paper, that the second Rocket taking fire may have a vent, otherwise the ball will serve but once, than fire it, and you shall see the operation with pleasure.   

23. The making of a Ball for the water, which shall burn with great violence.  
SOw a round case of strong Canvas, in shape of the case for a Football, but somewhat lesser, and very round; having thus made your case, then proceed to the filling of it, which must be done in this manner: you must first put in three or four good spoonfuls of your mixture following, and with a stick made round at one end, force it close together, and so continue filling it, and between every filling put in your stick, and force it together, round it continually in your hand, till you have finished it; which having done, sow it up close, and then arm it with small cord, which is called marling; after you have thus done you must coat it with a quantity of rosin, pitch, and tallow dissolved, and dip your ball all over in the same, provided that you leave two vents to fire it, which must be pierced a third part into your bal, which must be stopped with two small sticks, till such time that you come to use them; the form thereof you shall see in the next Figure by the Letter D; then pulling forth the sticks, fill the two vents with sine powder dust, and firing it, cast it into the water, and you shall have your desire; but you must always be sure that your bal be throughly fired before you cast it from you: The receipt for this bal followeth.  
Take one pound of Powder, eight ounces of Roch-water, four ounces of Sulphur, two ounces of Camphir, one ounce of oil of Peter, one ounce of Linseed Oil, half an ounce of oil of Spike, and two ounces of Colophonia.   

24. Another dainty Water-ball, which will shoot forth many Reports.  
THis ball must be made of wood (as was showed before) in two pieces, because you may join it close together at pleasure, having small holes bored round about it, to put in your quills which justify the Reports; which reports or breakers must be made of paper, choked at both ends, and primed through the midst; they must be fastened round with pitch, and so covered round about, that no water may pass in: you must fill this bal in two halves, that you may force it very close together; and when it is filled, glue it fast, and arm it well with nealed wire then put in your breakers, with a quill which must enter into the bal, and likewise into the breaker; the form whereof you may see in the Figure following; for A. is the mouth of the bal where it is to be fired, B. B. are the reports or breakers, being made of paper, and filled with Corn powder: C. C. are the Quills, which must be filled with powder dust, and serveth for firing the Reports.   a water ball marked D beside the rendering of a cross-section of the ball marked A, B, and C 
The Receipt for this bal are these: Take one pound of Roch-peter, four ounces of Powder-dust, three ounces of Sulphurvive, two ounces of Camphir, one ounce of linseed-oil, two ounces of Rosen, and one ounce of Oil Benedict: you must powder those things which are to be pondered, and mingle them altogether, and by little and little sprinkle your Oils till you have wrought it like Past, and then use it; the Qulls must be filled only with powder dust, because it must fire suddenly.   

25. How to make a Dragon, or the like, to run on the Line, spitting of fire.  
THe body of the Dragon must be made either with Past board, or with fine rods of wicker, being hollow, with a place in the belly to put in two Rockets, and must be so ordered, that there may come a small Pipe from the tail of one, to the head of the other: then make a place for the eyes, and mouth, to put into each hole fire, which must be made up in rolled paper, and thrust in; then on the top of the back let there be fastened two small Pulleys for a Line to run in, which being done, your Dragon is finished for firing, which must be thus; first fire it at the eyes and mouth; (always observing that this Receipt must be some slow mixture, such as your stars) than fire that Rocket which is placed with his mouth toward the tail of the Dragon, which will make it seem to cast fire from thence, till he come to the end of his motion; and then on a sudden (as a creature wounded with some accident) shall return with fire coming forth of his belly: This being well ordered, will give good content to the beholders of the same: behold the Figure.  
 a dragon figure attached to a line by two rollers   

26. The manner and form to represent Saint George fight with a Dragon in fire, on the Line  
WHen you have form your Figures of Pasteboard or Wicker (as aforesaid) you must make a hollow trunk through the body of each Figure, for a great Line to pass through, and likewise for a smaller Line to draw them to and fro from each other, which must be fastened in this manner (as you may see in the Figure following:) At the breast of the Dragon let one end of one cord be tied, which must pass through the body of the George, and turning it about a Pulley at the other end, fasten it to the back of the George, and at the breast of the George let another cord be tied, which must pass through the body of the Dragon (or a trunk on the back) and so returning about a Pulley at that end, must be pulled straight and fastened to the tail of the Dragon, so that as you turn that Wheel, the George and Dragon will run furiously at each other; and when you please, you may cause them to make a retreat, and to come on again: But by all means forget not to soap your line extraordinary well; and likewise have a care that your work be not too heavy above the line, but that they may hang in an equal balance, otherwise they will turn their heels upward, which would be a great disgrace to the work and Workman: And thus much to the ingenious I suppose will suffice; behold the Figure.  
 a dragon figure facing a St. George figure both attached to the same line   

27. How to make a Whale, a Mermaid, or other to play and swim upon the water.  
YOu may make Figures of what shape your fancy best pleaseth: the body must be made of light wicker rods, and in the middle of the body let there be placed an axle tree, having two Wheels coming into the water, yet so as they may not be seen; these Wheels must be made hollow, to contain a quantity of sand or water; the use of it is to keep the body of your Figure upright, and able to sink it so fare into the water as is needful, and likewise to make it to swim more steady; note that these wheels must be lose, and the axle tree fast; in the midst of this axle tree place three or four great Rockets, one by another, with their mouths all one way; yet so provided, that there may be such a distance between each Rocket, that there may come a vent from the tail of the first, to the mouth of the second, and from the second to the third; and to the end that it may continue the longer in motion, you may place divers Lights about the body, to make it the more beautiful; every of which Light extinguishing, shall give a report, and so conclude. There are divers other fine Works to be performed on the water, which a judicious Artist may invent.  
The Letter B. represents the Mermaid. C. Is the Wheels on the axle tree. D. Are the Rockets on the axle tree.   a mermaid device with wheels on each side of its tail marked B, C, and D  

28. Of divers other rare works, which are to be performed on the water.  
THose places which are situated upon River, or great Ponds, are proper to make th●se recreative Fires on; therefore if you desire to make some of consequence, they ought to be built upon Boats, or light Timber, which may be framed like Beasts, or Fishes spitting fire; upon which may be built Castles, Pageants, Turrets, or other conceits as you please. As if you would present a Castle, out of which shall issue a Dragon, which shall swim through the water, and that Dragon be encountered by a horseman, which is thus performed. 'Cause a Castle to be framed, (as is showed) on light Timber, and let the bottom of the door of the castle, with a ground plate be two foot under the brim of the water, (the reasons follow) and at a foot high within the Castle let there be a certain Line tied, which may pass through the body of the Dragon, and may be fastened near the shore, where must be a float sunk so fare under water, that the Line may not be perceived; then fasten on your Dragon, (as was showed before for the Line) but so, that the head of this may always be above the Line, whereas the other was under: then at the appointed time, there must be one ready within the Castle, to fire those parts of the Dragon which is requisite; which being done (by the help of the Pulleys) shall pass it through the water, which so soon as it presents it self, Neptune on a Sea-horse shall come and encounter the said Dragon, and at the last shall overcome it: Or you may order the work so, that which you please shall have the victory; for that which keepeth fire longest, is supposed to have the best, and that which is soon spent, to have the worst.  
G. Representeth the Castle floating on the water, from whence issueth the Dragon.  
E. Is the dragon coming forth of the castle.  
D. I● Neptune riding on the Sea-horse, coming to encounter the Dragon.  
F. Is the Poultry that causeth these motions by the Line, to be pulled to and fro.   a Neptune device on a line facing a dragon device on the same line coming out of a castle front facade 
You may if you please, build upon Boats, or Timber, Turrets, Pageants, or Castles, as is said, to receive or hold diversity of Fireworks that may be made within them, which may play out and play divers fires, as Reports Stars, Golden Rain, Fisgigs, Granado's, and balls of Fire to burn in the water; which will give great content to the eyes of the beholders; and in the conclusion, it may be so ordered, they may fire one another, for which end they were made.   

29. The manner to compose a Ship of fireworks which being once fired, divers motions will present themselves.  
YOu must cause a Mould, or body of a Ship to be made, that you may take off the upper deck, to place some works underneath, where you must have a fire wheel placed with a Screw on the Axletree; this wheel must be placed in the Stern, and must turn a Rouler, on which must be two girts placed, that must pass on each side of the Main Mast, and run on to the Foreship; in this Wheel there must be a hollow Spoke and Axletree, as I have showed, which must be so ordered, that the wheel being spent, it may convey fire to a tire of Guns, lying round about, which must be fired with a close conveyance; and having passed that, it must take hold of another conveyance, which shall give fire to certain Rockets, which must be placed in the bodies of some Figures representing Mariners, and must be so fitted, that they may have a Cane joined to their body to guide them, that they may run on the ropes from the Deck to the top of the Masts. This and other the like may be performed with great facility; the Form of which followeth.  
B. The Fire-wheel which moveth the Rouler, and carrieth the Gird whereon the Figures are placed.  
C. The Figures placed on the Gird being in motion.  
E. E. The Figures which stand ready to run up the cords, some half way, some at top.   a ship with firework placements  

30. Of Lances of Fire, for pleasure and for service.  
S'Tanding Lances are commonly made with hollow wood, to contain sundry Petards or Rockets; these Lances may be fastened to posts, so that they may not be overthrown in the flying out of the Rockets or Petards: but there are a lesser sort of Lances, whose cases are of three or four fold of paper, of a foot long, and about the bigness of ones finger: the composition wherewith these Lances must be filled, is this; unto every four ounces of powder, you must add two ounces of salt Peter, and unto that, add one ounce of Sulphur; and than it will make a brick fire red colour before it be half spent, if the Lance be fired and held to it: Now if twenty such Lances were placed about a great Rocket, and shot to a house or ship, it would produce a mischievous effect.  
Or, if unto the end of the Rocket there were fastened an Arrow (which must not be too heavy) and in stead of the feathers, it should be of thin white tin plate; and if you give fire to it being thus prepared, you may see how serviceable it will prove. To the head of such Rockets may be placed Petards, balls of fire, Granades, and the like, and so may be applied to warlike affairs.   three different kinds of rocket launcher   


Here followeth necessary and Serviceable Fireworks, both for Land and Sea Execution; and first for the Pike.  
HAving treated of Recreative Fireworks, I hold it convenient to speak something in brief concerning Works for service (necessary for these times) both for Land and Sea; which may thus be performed.  
If you would make good a Breach, or enter a Ship, then take strong Canvas, being cut, sowed, and tied hard on a Pike with Marlin-cord, then with this Receipt following, being compounded and wrought together do thus.   a staff with a firework on it  

How to arm a Dart or javelin with Wildfire, for the sails or sides of ships.  
YOu may arm a Dart, Javelin, Partisan, or such like weapon, to do excellent service, being in the hand of a valiant soldier, as you may see by the Letter C. in the same: The same should be filled with the self like Receipt as before is showed for the Pikes with wild fire, which will be a very good weapon for to go into the sides or sails of ships.  
Or you may place upon the staff of your Javelin certain Pistol barrels of one length, about ten or twelve inches, letting the same into the wood round about the staff a little, as a pistol barrel is into the stock (as the Figure marked with the Letter D. showeth) which staff should have so much substance at the one end, whereto you may nail the same barrels fast at the breech; and about the midst of the same put over a hoop of iron as close as ever you can, the which is to be charged in this manner following: viz. First charge every barrel with two inches of powder, after put in a bullet a little lower than the bore of the same piece; then take of this flow Receipt following.   two staffs, one marked C, one marked D, with fireworks on them 
Of bruised powder four parts, salt peter in meal, Linseed oil, brimstone, finely beaten, varnish, and of willow or hazel coal moistened with a little vinegar: (of all these five last Ingredients one Part;) which ●ust be well wrought together with the hand in some wooden vessel, till you feel that it will cling together, of which you must put in after the bullet two inches, and thrust the same together with a Rammer stick; and then again put in two inches of powder, and after that a bullet, and lastly two inches of this slow Receipt, until you have filled every one of the said barrels within half an inch of the mouth, the which is to be filled up with the said flow Receipt, and powder bruised & mixed together, that it may the sooner fire: This being done, bind a paper over the mouths of the same until you will use them; and giving fire to any one of the same, it will fire all the other, and every one will discharge three or four shots a piece one after another, to the hurt of the Enemy, being used in service, either to offend or defend to the pleasure of the beholders, being used in triumph with bullets of Receipt rolled in tow, and coated with brimstone.   

How to enter up a pair of stairs, or to defend one's self, being in a narrow Room.  
IF you are straightened up in a narrow Room, to defend yourself, or would enter up a pair of stairs, where you cannot use a long weapon, you may make a Logget, whose staff shall be but three or four foot long, arming the same with the same Receipt as was showed to arm the Pikes, whereon  a staff marked E with a firework bound around its center you may place certain pipes of brass, or iron, charged as before is taught: And if you please, you may put into the end of the staff a Rapier blade with a screw, to take off and on at your pleasure, as the Figure marked with the letter E. showeth.   

How to defend a Breach, a Ship, or other place of defence.  
TO perform this, you may arm a Partezan, Javelin, or Fork with Firework, and to shoot every one of them seven or eight pistol or musket bullets, in nailing a plate of Iron cross the pike or point of the said Javelin, or between the grains of the fork, piercing certain holes through the same, unto which with a strong wire you may make fast on either side so many pipes of Iron, of seven or eight long, as you think convenient to fix upon either, or any of the said weapons, and charging the same with powder, bullet, & wad, you may cause the same to fire one after another, in filling a role of canvas sewed together, (as the Figure F. showeth) with slow Receipt, and coated, as before is showed: And this being placed artificially upon the short barrels or pipes (as the Figure G. H. showeth) and primed with fine powder directly against the Touch-holes of the barrels, pasting a little paper over the same, firing the said trains at both the ends, which as they burn shall still discharge the short Pieces one after another, to the great hurt of the Adversary.  
 two staffs, one with an arrow point marked G and with an attachment marked F, one with two spikes marked H   

How to shoot Arrows of wildfire out of a Crossbow.  
THis is an excellent way to fire the sails of Ships, thatched houses stacks of corn, or hay, or any such combustible matter apt to burn, which may be done at a pretty distance off, when you cannot conveniently come near the same: Therefore it is good to have certain strong Crossbows, to bend either with a Rack, or Gessel, and to shoot out of the same strong Arrows armed with Wildfire and headed as the Figure I. showeth: or you may shoot these Arrows out of a Musket if you please: The composition is to be made as is taught in the Arming of pikes with Firework: which Arrows may do great good for divers other services.  
 a crossbow marked I with an arrow with a firework attached   

How to burn wooden Bridges, Gates, Houses, etc.  
TO perform this and the like military services, if you can come to anoint the same with some such liquid composition as is before showed for the coating of Fireworks, melting in the same a good quantity of bruised brimstone, and sticking in the same Arrows of Wildfire, made in proportion as the Figure K. doth show: The Receipts may be made as the former for pikes with Wildfire, which will certainly set the same on fire, for the Receipt is so forcible, that it will burn in the water.  
 two arrows with fireworks attached both marked K stuck into wood   

How to cut the Cables, or the shrouds of ships at a good distance.  
FOr Sea-service there is devised out of great Ordnance to shoot certain bullets that shall open and shut with a joint in the head like a pair of Compasses, the arms or legs whereof are made in proportion like to to the blade of a knife taper-wise, and bowing sharp towards the point, as the Figure showeth marked with the Letter O and how the same is to be put into the piece after the powder and wad; and the other Figure marked with the Letter P. doth show how the same being in its violent motion, flieth open through the air like a , cutting the Cables. Shrouds, or any thing in its way, being shot out of any piece of great Ordnance.  
 two renderings of a ball with two blades, one marked O with the blades in a closed position, another marked P with the blades in an open position   

Other Devices for the cutting of Shrouds, or the like.  
FOr to cut the Tackle or Shrouds of ships, it is good to cast half bullets of Iron, or Led, unto every of which make fast a bar of Iron, wrought either three or four squart, about the bigness of a man's finger, and cut some fourteen or sixteen inches long, with a loop at the end; unto which a Ring of Iron is to be put, that the same may close and shut, as the Figure with the Letter S. showeth, which showeth also how you must put the same into the piece; and the other Figure with the Letter T. doth show how the same flieth in its moving through the air: or to the said half bullets you may have bars in proportion of a knife blade, with a round joint at the end to open and shut, the which kind of bullets may as well be made to shoot out of Muskets, as out of great Ordnance, to the great annoyance of the Enemy, especially in sea service.  
 two halves of a sliced ball in a closed position marked S and an open position marked T   

An other for the same.  
ALso to cut the Tackle of ships, or to do many other good services, either with Musket or great Ordnance, it is good to chain two bullets together, as the Figure Y. showeth.  
 two bullets connected by a chain marked Y   

Another.  
ALso, for the like purpose aforesaid, if you take a small Iron Chain with good Links, rolling the same together round, that it may go easily into the Piece, close down to the wad; the same being again discharged, will spread itself at length and do good execution.   

How to do excellent service against an Enemy who would enter a Breach, a Gate a Bridge, a Ship, etc.  
IF that the Enemy will enter (and that you intent not to yield) it is necessary to have in readiness divers hollow bullets made of two plates of Iron, or other mettle, so as the one may close about the other round like a box, which being filled with pebble stones, square pieces of Iron, called Dice-shot, Musket-bullets, or the like, which being discharged out of a Murdering Piece, it will do great execution; if you will fill cases of wood, made like unto a Lantern with the same stuff, it will perform the like service being shot out of a Murdering Piece: Behold both the Figure marked with the Leteer A.  
 a separated hollow ball filled with iron pieces along with a hollow box filled with iron pieces both marked A   

How to prevent a train of Powder laid to blow you up, before you enter a Ship, or other place.  
IF you imagine that there is some train laid to blow you up (as it often happeneth) you may prevent the same, by making certain purses of canvas, filled half full of good cornepowder, and with eight or ten fiery bullets of an inch, or an inch and half in height; and filling the other part of the purse with slow Receipt, you may when you think good (the Receipt being well fired) throw the same from you, which will burst in pecces after the lighting on the ground, and disperse the said enclosed bullets here and there, which bullets will burn furiously, and if there be any train of powder laid near, it will presently fire the same. The said purses are very good to throw out of hand, or may be shot out of a Morter-peece amongst men in battle array, to disorder them, or into a Town; the Figure B. showeth how to fill the purses, and the Letter C. showeth the proportion of it, being made up, filled, & coated over  
The Receipt for making these bullets of wild fire following: Take of Sulphur in meal six parts, of Rozin in meal three parts, melting the same in some pot or pan over a slow fire; then take of Stone-pitch one part, of hard wax one pound of Tar one fourth part, of Aqua vitae one half part, of Linseed oil as much, of Verdegrease one fourth part, and of Camphire one eight part, melting all these together likewise, and stir into the same two parts of Peter in meal; and taking the same from the fire, put therein four parts of bruised powder, working the same well together in your hands, and roll the same round of the bigness that you would have your balls of, boring two holes through the same a cross, which when you would use, must be primed full of bruised powder; these balls will be as hard as stone, and needeth no coating, and being fired will burn furiously and cleave to any thing, not diminishing in quantity being burned to ashes, which ashes will kindle an oaken board: If you please, you may shoot these bullets out of a Piece of great Ordnance. The Figures for the purses here followeth.   two canvas bags, one marked B without any fire coming out the top, the other marked C with fire coming out the top  
FINIS.