A declaration of the Right Honourable ROBERT, earl of Warwick, Lord High admiral of ENGLAND, and of all the Plantations belonging to any his Majesties, the King of ENGLANDS Subjects upon the Coasts of AMERICA, governor of the Company of LONDON for the Plantation of the Summer ISLANDS; And of the said Company: To the Colony and Plantation there. AS the happiness of a Christian People is ever best advanced, by their constant progress in the ways of Peace and Holinesse: So are they in nothing more miserable themselves, and offensive to others, then in their uncharitable Contentions, and Discords interrupting the same. We have therefore thought meet, out of our most affectionate desires of your Welfare, to make this ensuing Declaration; wherein, first, and above all things, we do, with all earnestness, bespeak all, and every one, That in their several Places and Conditions, they will endeavour, by following the Truth in Love, to advance the Glory of God, and of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. We intend not to anticipate, or prevent the Honourable Houses of Parliament, in any their Determinations, in matters ecclesiastical, or Civill; but with Prayer, and Patience attend that Resolution, which it shall please the Lord to direct them unto. And whilst we thus wait, we desire, and hope that you will do the like. What the thoughts of the Parliament have been, and are, for all the Plantations upon the Coasts of AMERICA, The Ordinance of Parliament herewith sent, will abundantly declare; And what our endeavours are for your happiness, this writing is a witness; wherein we shall express our Desires in some particulars. We have thought meet, for the present, to continue the Government, as now it stands, by Commission, together with all Officers, and Commanders formerly chosen by us, until we shall give further direction therein; as to prevent that disturbance which an alteration might occasion; so for the better moderation, and improvement of Authority, to encourage Piety, goodness, and Industry, and to suppress profaneness, wickedness, and idleness in all sorts of People, and places of the Colony. We think it not meet, for the present to give any intimation, either to Ministers or People, touching the the public Administration of Gods Worship, being in expectance of that Directory, which the Parliament, with the advice, of the Assenbly of Divines, shall hold forth according to sacred Scriptures. In the meanetime, we desire you would follow Peace with all men, and Holinesse, without which no man shall see the Lord; looking diligently, lest any man fail of the grace of God, lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby many be defiled. As a good means to promote piety in the minds of all, and to prevent profaneness: we do, in a special manner, recommend unto your best care, the observance of the Lords day; whereon, as wee hope the Ministers will so improve their Labours at every Church within their several Tribes, that all the people may have the best conveniency to hear the Word of God Preached: So we also trust, that Masters of Families will be careful by Catechizing, and otherwise, so to instruct their Children, and Servants, that all may come to the knowledge of God, and of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, whom rightly to know is life eternal. And that both Magistrates, and Masters of Families will restrain them under their Commands, from careless and sinful expense of that precious time, in sloth, idleness, or any way to Gods dishonour, and their own hurt. For your better direction herein, we herewith sand you an Ordinance of Parliament. The Company is very sensibly affencted with your want of a Minister: And that thereby any particular person, or part of the Colony should suffer a Famine of the Word of God, is very grievous unto us. We intend, God willing, by the very first opportunity, to supply your want herein. In the mean while, we earnestly desire the Ministers would double their diligence in teaching the knowledge of God through the Land; knowing, that as their Labour therein cannot be in vain in the Lord; So shall they thereby exceedingly endear themselves into the good Affections of the Company, who desire nothing so much as the Salvation of your souls. For Counsellors, Captains, and all other Officers, as we require all due honour, and respect to be given them: So, as a means thereof, we desire they may be as a Sanctuary, and City of refuge to all such as love the Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity; improving all their Power, and Authority, as for the securing of the Islands, preserving of Peace, and promoting the power of godliness in all places, and Persons; so, for suppressing of all manner of sin and wickedness. And, for that tippling Houses, idleness, and ill Company, are those Anvils, whereon Satan, with our own Lusts, Forgeth out all manner of sin and wickedness; We desire great care be taken to prevent the same: That so, by the Officers faithful performance of their Duties in their several places, The people being kept in Peace and amity, The multitude of Indictments and Presentments, commonly brought to the public Assizes, may be prevented. And though we would not encourage appeals, which prove so troublesone, and chargeble to them that make them: Yet in that case, we shall expect to receive from the public Officers what ever may clear the business to us; who, by Gods Grace, shall proceed according to the merit of the Cause, without respect of Persons. In all Causes wherein oaths are administered, wee desire great care may bee used to inform both the Jury, and Witnesses, of the horrible sin of perjury, with the dreadful severity of Gods punishments thereupon, That so they may not adventure to swear, but in Truth, Judgement, and righteousness. We had good hope that ere now, by the small quantity, mean condition, and short returns you have found of Tobacco, you would have been put upon that diligence and industry, which might have introduced some more profitable and staple Commodity: whereunto, as we formerly have, so we are still ready to afford all possible encouragement, and assistance. We shall now desire all those that have made any essays therein, with such others as have affection thereunto, That they would improove their best Observations, and Experience, to find out somewhat which may be of more benefit to you, and satisfaction to us; which, as we shall accept as an evidence of Affection to the public Good; So, we shall consider of some way for compensation, according to their charge, and endeavours therein. We have just cause to complain of the wrong we have suffered in the Case of Wrecks; not only by more private persons, but by public Officers. And, truly, we are much troubled to find so great injustice among you, as might occasion us to revoke that Law, which, in great favour, allows a moiety to the Recoverers. We shall expect, and hope for better accounts then yet we have received, both of that which lately happened, and what hereafter may. We have seriously considered of the want of linen Cloth, and other necessaries, by the public Letters, intimated to be in the Colony; which seems the more strange unto us, when we hear the Adventurers declare, that of great Proportions of Goods which they have sent to you, they have received very short returns. If there be a scarcity, we conceive it ariseth from yourselves, whilst factors are so unfaithful in making returns; private Persons so backward in paying their deuce; public Officers so remiss in executing Justice herein; and all, or most so desirous to trade rather with Strangers then with the Company, which appears by keeping their Tobaccoes until our Ship be come away; whereby, both the Merchant is discouraged from sending, and the Company prevented of the duties. If any complain, that the Adventurers, or their factors do overprise their Commodities, we fear your slow payments are accessary to that error, which we are so far from excusing; that, when you have taken order, that speedy Returns be made, we shall endeavour, what is in our power, that no oppression be used. And, because we would remove all colours of complaint, we have desired particular Members of our Company, that they will, at present, sand such Proportions as may supply your occasions; We hope they shall receive such returns by this Ship, as may both manifest your good Affection, and encourage their future Adventuers. We are not unmindful of your desires for a free Trade, which you have both intimated to us, and sought for from the Governours with you: But the truth, is for the present, the Constitution of the Company, the Obligations upon them, and the propriety of the Owners are such, as be inconsistent with that freedom of Trade which is required. When, upon a serious consideration of all particulars, with a disengaged respect to the common good, it shall appear, that what is required, is according to Right and Justice, and such as the Company can in faithfulness assent unto, you may rest assured, That we shall be most ready to manifest our Affection to any Liberty or privilege, which is for the good of the Colony: In the mean time whilst we concur in allowing freedom of Trade for such Proportions of cattle, Hogs, Fruits, and other Provisions as may be very well spared, without damage to the Colony, danger of a Famine, prejudice to the poorer sort, or preventing the Owners of their deuce; and, until farther order hence, onely restrain Trade for Tobacco, which( as necessity compels) we do hereby absolutely prohibit; That so, both we may receive our Rents; and by the duties thereupon, the Ministers may have their exhibitions, Ammunition, and other necessaries for the safety of the Hands, satisfaction of the Officers there, and the charge of the Company be provided for, we hope no man will find just cause of Offence. But however, we desire to approve ourselves to every mans conscience in the sight of God, and so to carry on al matters, as that we may be free from each mans want, and from neglect of any thing, which is in our power to procure, for the good and happiness of the Colony; whereto, as we are in nearness of relation, so we desire to manifest our good will and affection in every kind of way. We shall conclude with that of the Apostle, Finally, Brethren, Fare ye well, be perfect, be of good comfort, be of one mind, live in Peace; and the God of Love and Peace shall be with you. Given under the Hands, and common seal of the governor and Company at a general Court, the 23 of October, 1644. Warmicke governor. Wil: Say and seal. Arthur Wodenoth, Deputy. Thomas Allen, treasurer. Persen Trot, Husband. Gilbert Gerard. I. Danvers. Ben. Rudyerd. Richard Knightley. Cor. Holland. John Heydon. Anthony whither. Edw. Carter. own row. Gabriel Barber. Richard Casewell. Gedeon de lawn. Maurice Thompson. Francis Allein. John johnstoun. William Iessop. John grant. Robert. Coytmor. William Felgate. George Turbervile. John Alcock. Robert Haughton. George Prynne. Anthony Pennyston. Elias Roberts. John Welden. William Web. William burgess. Nath. haws. Tho. Turner. George Ward. William Price. Will. Wilkinson. joseph Todd. Michael Evans. Richard Hunt. Abra. shears. John Bardwell. Charles Calley. To the Honourable governor, and Company of Adventurers of the City of LONDON for the Plantation of the Sommer-Islands. The Humble Petition and Declaration of the general Inhabitants of the Plantation and Colony in the SOMMER-ILANDS. WEe have received your Declaration, and cannot but aclowledge, That the happiness of a Christian people is best advanced by their progress in the ways of Peace and Holinesse, &c. Which happiness, we of the Sommer-Ilands, might still have enjoyed in these Latter times, as well as formerly, had not those men( whose duties) by their places and callings amongst us did require their best diligence, to lead the people in that happy path; interrupted our peace, in arrogating to themselves an unlimited power, in seeking to draw the Inhabitants of this Plantation to worship their imaginations, contrary( as we conceive) to the laws of God and man. For whereas you intend not to anticipate, or prevent the Honourable Houses of Parliament &c. This, and onely this, hath been the true cause of all our sufferings, and distractions in Sommer-Ilands; for our Divines declare, that they are not subject to any human Power, and in particular, Master Copeland affirms, That if the King, Parliament, and Synod, shall command any uniformity in the Church, other then this, which is here set on foot by them, they will obey none. Now if any man shall believe that there is no better satisfy then obedience, and desires so to continue, and with prayer and patience, wait( as you bespeak us) which hath been the desire of the Inhabitants in general; the for wardest men in this obedience, are styled Parliamentary Christians; And hence is that great tax laid upon us, That Piety hath been discountenanced, and profaneness encouraged; hence is it, that the ablest men in the Land are marked out to be the subject, yet privately, of all scandal and calumny, yea to be enemies to good men, and all goodness, and are deprived of the benefit and comfort of the Sacraments; yea, of their Prayers and Preaching; For Master White did publicly deliver in the Pulpit, That such as had not entred into Covenant with him, and yet came to hear him Preach, were but intruders, for he did preach to, and pray for none, but his little Flock. What the thoughts of Parliament have been, or shall bee for the Plantations, when it shall be derived to us by Authority of your Court, wee shall in obedience submit thereunto. You have thought meet for present to continue the Government as now it stands by Commission, &c. We are glad that the government is yet in your hands to continue; but yet it is a grievance under which wee groan, That the Triumvirate Government cast upon us at first, and now continued, procures a scorn and contempt upon us, from all other Plantations, with other just exceptions which we omit, but especially in that you have by this continuance of Government put upon us a yoke insupportable; For our Saviour himself tells us, That no man can serve two Masters: yet such is our condition at present; for you in your Declaration do desire, and hope that we will with patience attend the resolution of Parliament, as you do; which desire and hope of yours, is a sufficient command to us, yea for conscience sake we hold ourselves bound thereunto; But yet in the mean time, you have continued such Governours, two of which, have submitted to the independent Covenant, and have set up a supreme governor in their Church, that will not wait upon King nor Keysar( their own words) yea, they will bring Scripture to prove that lawful, though safely applied: And if any man amongst us have but so much wit, or knowledge; to detect such false applications of Scripture, then he falls into the danger of the temporal Sword, and is an opposer of the gospel, &c. To which hand shall we now turn us, if to the right hand of obedience towards you, then we offend our Governors, and what follows thereupon, but all the malicious plots that may be to get such a man upon the snap; if we turn to the left hand in falling down and worshipping these Imaginations for fear of these snares, then we sin against our conscience of obedience; What now shall we do, our resolution is settled, wee will suffer as we have done, and by this our Petition do pray, That you would be pleased either to sand us a dispensation of our Obedience, or a deliverance from that pressure of Governours and Ministers under which we groan: We told you before, that we are glad the Government is yet in your hands to continue, but how long it will be so we know not, seeing one of these ministers declared it publicly that they will maintain what they have begun to the chin in blood, and that it will never be well in Sommer-Islands, till we choose our Governours here ourselves. There is but this one impediment lies in their way. The children are come to the birth, but as yet there wanteth strength to bring forth. Touching the public administration of Gods worship, we shall( as we have done) rest in expectance of that Directory, which the Parliament with the advice of the assembly of Divines shall hold forth, counting that a more safe course to confirm ourselves, to the resolution of so grave a Senate and Synod, then to be lead away to follow the divisions of three unstable mens brains. For the observation of the Lords Day, &c. As we dare not Pharisaically justify ourselves, but rather when wee have done our best services aclowledge ourselves to bee unprofitable servants; yet wee durst appeal to all the Divines that ever lived here,( if it might bee obtained) for testimony of our willing and ready( though weak) endeavours in that kind; But what avails all that we do, or can do: For we are told out of the Pulpit, That let a man frequent hearing the Word, red the Scriptures in his house, sing psalms, catechize and instruct his children and servants, &c. yet all is nothing worth, unless that man will be a japhet alureable to dwell in the Tents of Sem, which is( as they would have us believe) their visible, congregational, Independent Church. The Company is very sensibly affencted with our want of a Minister, if our Ministers had been so affencted, we had not lost Master Daniel Wight, for we conceive upon good grounds that the difference in opinion betwixt them and him caused him to leave our Islands. For Counsellors, Captains, &c. Those amongst them that know their own obedience, we account them worthy, and so do, and will yield them all due honour and respect; but such as know not how to obey, know not how to command and it is therefore a grievance unto us to be in subjection to such Commanders. For tippling-houses &c. it is common to one and other and when money is to be gotten propitius esto tibi is an old rule, and that will set up three tapstries at once in the Secretaries house at Saint Georges for the time of the Assizes. For the matter of oaths both in Juries, and witnesses, we could be large in this subject; Capt. Forster being Secretary observed some dangerous passages of this nature, and therefore when he was governor sent out his Proclamation, that no councillor should take any Attestation( except in case of felony or Treason) but in the presence of the defendant; but this was esteemed and termed( by those that favoured nothing that he did do) to be grammatical nonsense and we do know that because of oaths a Land mourns, and do hearty wish that those whom it concerns would be careful of their duty according to your advice; for we greatly fear that your Court hath been too much abused in this particular. Concerning the raising of some more staple commodity &c. Capt. Parker his president in having invested so many hundred pounds of his own and his friends and his land now bought over his head, and cannot obtain any grant of a lease, and insulted upon that he is undone, wife children and all; This will be but a poor encouragement for any man to adventure as he hath done, it having been the common misery of us all, The more ingenious any man is to make a pleasant and profitable Plantation upon another mans land, the sooner he is undone, by having this land and labours taken, or bought over his head, without any charity at all. For Wrecks or wrongs to you therein, as it concerns those that live near the place of Wrecks, so we leave each particular man to answer for himself. Your consideration of our want of linen cloath, and desiring some of your members to adventure hither, wee render you humble thankes for your favour therein; For Factors unfaithfullnesse in making returns, private persons backwardness in paying their deuce, public officers remisenesse in executing Justice, &c. We humbly beseech you to look a little further to the hand of God that hath taken away all or the greatest part of our labours for these seven together; which hath caused so general a poverty, that, had we not fallen to set our little ones to spinning, hundreds amongst us would have gone naked, notwithstanding all their best endeavours or profits they could produce in mannuring their plantations, And of this we humbly crave your Charitable construction. Concerning matter of free trade, it is our desire rightly to be understood, for we require nothing that should any way tend to the prejudice of any propriety of your Company or authority thereof, but onely that wee may make use of such Tobaccoes as which your Ships will not yield us any thing at all, but will( if it should be sent to London) be a great hindrance to your markets and not worth the Fraught. Besides your Ships of late yeares coming by way of the Indies have brought us nothing in comparison to the relief of our wants, as for keeping Tobaccoes here till your Ships are gone, it is a thing altogether unknown to us, our desires being to deal with your ships before all others, if we may from them procure what wee want. For none of us all will( by our wills) desire any thing unbeseeming that reverence which we truly bear to your Authority, assuring ourselves that according to your declaration, you will not bee wanting to us in Justice of any just grievances, or in Charity of any our poor distresses. And thus have wee with humble and obedient hearts answered your Declaration, wherein we do humbly desire your favourable construction for the manner, the matter being nothing but truth. Before we conclude, wee humbly beseech you to look upon one more of our grievances, being of that nature that it concerns not only us, our wives, and children for the present, but extends to our posterity, and it is comprised in one of the Articles exhibited by Mr. White against capt. Forster; wherein he writes thus; He so hates the ministers onely for religions sake, that it is justly feared upon probable grounds, when the Ships are gone he will suborn false witnesses to take away their lives; If Capt. Forster had been so wickedly inclined( which the malice of man can never prove against him) then there must be men here that would be suborned, and Jurors what would be swayed by such subornation, therefore this concerns us as wee have said. It hath ever been the honour of the Sommer-Islands their civility in obedience to Government, and reverend respect of Ministers; But by this unparalleled flander, our honour is eclipsed, and not onely wee for present murdered in our good names, which is dearer then our lives, and next in value to our souls. But also our posterity willbe branded to be the children of them that would have slain the Prophets, by suffering false witness to be suborned to take away the Ministers lives. But we beseech you to look into the scope and aim that this tends unto, which is, first to deter all other Ministers from coming hither, for wee have been told more then once out of the Pulpit; That we must never expect more Ministers to come hither, and this is true enough, for what gentleman of gifts and worth will ever adventure such a voyage to live amongst a people where false-witnesse shall be suborned to take away their Ministers lives; Then secondly it will follow, that these already here must of necessity be submitted unto in all their imaginations, least the Islands be deserted; and so Master White may take both swords into his hands, which he will have, or else he with the assistance of the prologitor( as Mr. painter terms himself) will set all on a flamme; which flamme had long or this broken forth, but that Capt: sail his more moderate, and temperate carriage towards us, which we must aclowledge, hath prevented it. In this grievance wee our wives and children do cry to you for Justice for vindicating our innocency for the present, and preventing future mischiefs, which otherwise wee fear will follow; For whatsoever you have intimated in your Declaration, or other private instructions to these gentlemen. Yet they go on in their former resolutions, and Mr. Goulding bad one tell the Commissioners that he will give it under his hand that they will neither baptize our children nor administer the Sacrament to us unless we will submit to their Covenant. Have we not then cause to cry to you for Justice, that you would be pleased to take away the cause that the effect may cease, in freeing us from the superlative Imperiousnesse of this supreme Church governor, and his powerful Abettor Mr. Goulding his second: Suffer not we beseech you, our obedience to be trampled under-foot, but settle such a governor and such Ministers as may led and teach us in the ways of faith and good life, and not trouble our heads with Christs coming to reign upon earth a thousand yeares personally, with many such like fancies; But such ministers we desire as will submit to that which shall be established by Authority. And so we conclude with your own conclusion, We will strive to perfection, we will desire peace and ensue it, but of one mind we shall never be with this supreme Independent Church governor, that is submitted unto, next and immediately under Christ; yet we will bee of good comfort, that our obedience to Authority shall not want cherishing, and in this we will rest, and pray the God of Love and Pence to be with you and us. Post-script. AFter this our Petition was roughly drawn, though fairly written, and delivered into some mens hands to be shown, and advised upon, to be reformed for matter and manner, according to truth and humility, that fell into our Governours hands, with Master White the Minister, and others, and the same night they drew another Petition, which was presented early the next morning to Sandis Tribe,( who had not as then seen this of ours) and from thence to Southampton[ with many passionate speeches] and and so to several Tribes to be subscribed, questioning whether this, or ours, should be sent to your Honourable Court, by means whereof, the example of superiors being very prevalent; some men through fear, others through partiality, have been drawn to subscribe to the last Petition, what the scaope thereof is, wee leave it to your wisdoms to consider. Ours tending onely to be relieved by your Iustice from the power of such men, as disclaim Obedience to all Authority which they savour not. It is our humble desire to bee so understood, that in all the foregoing passages, wee have not the least aim against the persons of any man whatsoever, but onely of the practices, occasioning our just grievances; both in conscience of our obedience by you commanded, as also in respect of the suffering which wee presently feel; and future Inconveniences; which wee evidently foresee[ unless by your wonted goodness, and care of this Plantation, prevented] to be hanging over us and ours. Wee whose names are underwritten, do testify that this is the true Copy of their Petition. Robert Huson. Thomas Jenyngs. Richard Sothworth. To the Right Honourable the Committees of both the Honourable Houses of Parliament for the English Plantations on the Coasts of America. The Humble Petition of the Inhabitants of the Colony and Plantation in Sommer-Ilands. Sheweth, THat whereas this Plantation and Colony, hath since the beginning thereof been governed in peace, and tranquillity, by the just, pious, and religious care of the Honourable Company of Adventurers of the City of London, for the Plantation of the Sommer-Ilands; Yet, so it is, that by the practise and wavering conceits of Master Nathaniel White, Master patrick Copeland, and Master William Goulding, sometimes our Ministers here, and still resident amongst us, but not as Ministers: Our former peace hath been disturbed, In that they the said Master Nathaniel White, Master Patrick Copeland, and Master William Goulding, did on the last day of january, in Ann. 1643. at a Fast by them ordained( and not commanded by Authority) to be held in the Parish Church of Pagetts Tribe, in the Summer-Islands, in the afternoon of the same day, draw themselves together in the body of the said Church, and did then, and there, publicly manifest and declare, That they the said Master Nathaniel White, Master patrick Copeland, and Master William Golding, did lay down, renounce, and relinquish their Office of ministry received in the Church of England, acknowledging themselves to be but private men; Yet so, that they held themselves to bee a Church of themselves, and to that end had entred into Covenant amongst themselves, and would be ready to receive into their Covenant such as would submit thereunto. At which very time, Master Robert Kesteven, one of our Counsellors, submitted unto the said Covenant, and after confession was admitted. Since which time, amongst others, two of our Governours, namely, Master Stephen painter, and Master William Wilkinson have submitted to the said Covenant, and have been admitted. And about the 15th. of May. 1644. This new-set-up Church, in the same place proceeded to the Election of Officers, the manner whereof we think fit to omit, But Master Painter declaring that they held their Church to be independent, and Master White being chosen Pastor thereof, Master painter( one of our Governours) made submission unto Pastor White, in name of their Church, in these words; We submit unto you, as supreme governor of this Church, next and immediately under Christ, Which submission was no sooner made then accepted: From this ground, wee have been taught strange Doctrine, that these Gentlemen hold themselves to subject to no human power, and that if the King, Parliament, and Synod, should command any uniformity in the Church, other then this which they have set on foot, they will obey none. But we of this Plantation, having learned to know no better Sacrifice then Obedience, have refused to submit to these fancies, resolving ourselves, that it is a duty wherein we stand obliged, to wait upon that Directory which the parliament, with the advice of the Assembly of Divines shall hold forth unto us. But by reason of this dutiful and obedient affection in us; our Children die unbaptised, to the terror of many weak ones amongst us, ourselves are deprived of renewing our Covenant with our God, in using the means, The Supper of the Lord. Our daughter cannot be given in marriage, &c. with many other just grievances under which we groan. Some part of which grievances, we have in as brief a manner( as our capacites will afford) exhibited under our hands to the Honourable Company, under whose Government we have so long lived in peace. And because we have been informed, that a select Committee of both the Honourable Houses hath been appointed to look into the affairs of the Plantations, we do present this our humble Petition to your wisdoms considerations. Humbly praying, That( as occasion may be offered) you would be pleased to call for such our grievances, to the Honourable Company. That so the said Company may receive such aid from your Authority, as may tend to the safety and quiet of our obedience. And we shall pray, &c. Subscribed by us whose names are underwritten by Commission, under the hands of the Inhabitants of the several Tribes, whereunto we belong. We whose names are underwritten do testify that this is the true Copy of this Petition. Robert Huson. Thomas Ienyngs. Richard Sothworth. FINIS.