A profitable book declaring divers approved remedies, to take out spots and stains, in Silks, Velvets, Linnnen and Woollen clothes.  
With divers colours how to die Velvets and Silks, Linen and Woollen, Fustian and thread.  
Also to dress Leather, and to colour fells. How to Gild, Grave, Sowder, and varnish. And to harden and make soft Iron and Steel.  
Very necessary for all men, specially for those which hath or shall have any doings therein: with a perfit table hereunto, to find all things ready, not the like revealed in English heretofore.  
TAKEN OUT OF DUTCHE, and englished by L. M.  
¶ Imprinted at London by Thomas Purfoote, and William Pounsonbie. 1583   


To make Cloth which hath lost his colour, to return unto his first estate again.  
TAKE OF VNQVENched lime two ounces, of Oak ashes two ounces, of clear water two pound. Then meddle them well all together, and so let them rest one quarter of an hour, and then do clarify that water, and therewith wash your cloth, and it will return unto his first colour, and wax fair again as before.   

¶ To wash a scarlet which is greasy.  
Take of white tarter well and finely beaten, four ounces: then boil it in two pound of fair water, till the third part be consumed: then take it from the fire, and let it cool, and then strain it through a linen cloth, and when ye will use thereof, make it then milk warm, and wash therewith your cloth. Then hang it to dry, and you shall see it fair, and return to his first estate and colour again.   

¶ To make all colours of silks which be stained, to come to their first colour again.  
first take one ounce of unquenched lime, and of the ashes of a vine one ounce, also of ashes of an Oak one ounce and a half. Put all these into a basin of clear water, and meddle them all well together, then heat them a little over the fire, and when it is warm, take it of the fire, and let it clarify a while, so done, then take a sponge and wash your staynie spots therewith, and see that ye wet no other place, but the spotty places only, and so they will be well again.   

¶ To make a soap to take forth grease or other spoties whatsoever they be.  
Take one pound of roche Alum burnt and made into a fine powder. Also take of the roots called flames of Florence (so called in dutch) half a pound: then beat it in to a powder. Then take a new laid egg, & of white soap two pound and a half, then blend your powder, and your egg and soap altogether well, and thereof make pellots or balls, and if one egg be not sufficient, then take two. or so much as shall suffice to make your said paste withal, and when ye shall have occasion to take forth any spot, take first of comen water and wash your spots on both sides withal warm, then take of the said pellots, and rub all over the spots in the cloth, so done: then wash out the filth with fair clear water, and if there remain some part and be not all clean, wash it again as afore is mentioned, till it be all clean, and so shall ye have it as fair as before.   

¶ Another good way to take forth spots of grease out of any woollen or linen.  
Take first a little fair water, all to wet and rub therewith the said grease spots. Then take a quantity of walkars clay, called Fullars earth, and rub a little therewith your spots all over. Then rub and chafe your cloth one upon another, so done, take a silver spoon or such like thing, and scrape out the said filthy water and grease, and if then it be not all clean forth, do so again as before is mentioned, and then take a little warm water, and all to wet the said place therewith, so done, Then wring and scrape it forth as the other afore. Being then clean, let it be dried and it will be well.   

¶ To take away all spots on coloured Clothes, be they linen or woollen  
If there chance by fortune, to fall a drop of ink, or any other stain, upon any cloth died or coloured, or being clean white, woollen or linen. Ye shall do as hereafter followeth, that is: take of the juice of raw Lemons, or the juice of a great Orange Apple, which hath a hard pill or skin, which the italians call Pommes Dadam. Or if ye will take only the eager or sharp juice which is in the pouncitron, and strain it forth thereof, and with the juice ye shall all to rub and chaufe the said spottye places, and then wash it with luke warm water, and so then scrape out all the filth thereof, with some spoon as aforesaid, or wring it clean forth with your hands. If at the first time peradventure it be not clean, use it likewise again the second time, as before, and so your cloth will come unto as good estate as at the first, nor this shall not hurt any colour thereof.   

¶ Another good way to make clean spots of grease, out of all woollen clothes.  
Take an herb called wood sorrel, or stubwort, which is green, & groweth in woods, in bushes & stubs of old trees, and hath three small leaves like a hart, it tasteth sharp like other sorrel. Which herb ye shall distil in a lymbec, and so reserve the distilled water in a glass very close, and when you need to take forth any spot of grease, then take of the distylde water, and rub therewith all over the said spots. Then chafe your cloth one upon another: so done, take a spoon, or some other like thing, and take away the said filthy water therewith. Then if it be not all clean, do it likewise again as before, with the distilled water warmed, and then ye shall see it will do well, and show fair and clear as it was at the first.   

Another good way to take out spots out of clothes with a lie.  
Take three pints of water, and put therein half a pound of pot ashes, and stir it well altogether. Let it so stand the space of four days, but ye must in every day stir it three or four times. So done, pour forth the clear water from the ashes, and put of galls therein, than it will wax a green: but if ye will have it a black, then put a little soot to soak in fair water, and put that black water therein. With this warmed, ye may wash your spottie places in any place of your clothes, & it will take it forth fair and clean.   

To perfume clothes.  
Take a viol of rosewater, in the which ye shall put fifteen or twenty grains of Musk, and Civet, with a little of Ambergreace, than set all on the fire, and when it gins to wax warm, take it from the fire, and let it cool, and stop it close the space of two days, and when ye will perfume your clothes therewith. Set it on the fire again, and being warm, hold your clothes over it, and so it shall receive the fume.   

To take out spots out of gowns and clothes.  
Take the roots of Limonion, called in Latin, in English I take it to be the wild Bete. Take the roots, and seethe them in water, and with the same water, wash the spotty places in your gowns or other garments, and it will be clean.   

To make a soap to take out spots of oil and of grease.  
Take of good scouring soap, and mix it finely with the sifted ashes of a vine, of each in like portion, them put thereunto a quantity of the powder of  alum, and also of the lies of wine, beaten into a fine powder, and put it thereunto, then mix and incorporate all these well together, then make thereof square bricks, or round balls, and when ye shall have need to occupy thereof, then take of warm water, and rub and chafe all over your spottye places, and then rub thereon with your soap ball, if then it be not all clean, then must ye take your warm water again, and rub and chaff it, as ye did before, and then your soap, and so at length ye shall have it clean forth.   

A very good way to take out spots of oil out of clothes.  
first ye shall take of the oil of tartar, and rub therewith on the spotty places, and then scrape it away incontinent again, than ye shall wash it well with luke warm water, and three or four times with cold water, so then wring it forth, and see if all the spots be clean out, if not, wash it again, so long as you did before, and so the cloth shall be as fair as it was when it was new, or before any spots came on it. There is also another way, for to take forth spots with this cyle of Tartar, but because I have not the true knowledge thereof, I will not here express it.   

¶ A soap water to take out all spots.  
Also, some do use to take the water wherein strawberries had been sodde, and with that water ye shall weet and soak the spottye places, then take fair water, and wash out all the filth thereof, so done: take and hang it in the son to dry, and it will be so clean as before it was.   

A way to take out iron moles, out of all linen cloth.  
Take and wring forth so much of the juice of the sourest Orange, or Limon that ye can get, then take of the same juice, and rub the place of the iron moll therewith so let it dry, and ever as it drieth in, rub it over again, thus do often, and ever as you have wet it, let it rest and dry in the sun, and at the length ye shall see it will be all forth and clean.   

A way to take out spots in scarlet or velvet, of what colour or sort soever it be, not changing the colours.  
Take a herb (called of the surgeons) Saponaria, in french called Foullons, in English Sopewort, beat them oft, and take out the juice, and put thereof on the spots, then let it so rest the space of one hour if it be in summer, but if it be in winter let it rest four hours, then wash those spotty places with fair clean water, so shall it be clean to seem too, but put once again the said juice thereon. Also if the scarlet be not died in the clear grain than ye may put thereunto half of black soap, with so much of the said juice, so mingle it together, and then frote it thereon, then let it be washed in luke warm water, and then ye shall see the spots clean forth. For this way is proouded by experience to be true.   

Another way to take out iron moles out of linen.  
Make a chaffer seethe full of water, then take your cloth and wet it with the juice of Lemons, or sour Oranges, or crabs, or sour wildinges, and then hold it hard to the side of the chaffer, and ever as it drieth in, wet it still again, till ye see the moll go forth: for all these things aforesaid are good, but the juice of Lemons and Oranges are the best. So ever as ye have wet your spots with the said juice, hold it then hard unto the side of the chaffer, as is aforesaid, thus do until it wear away, for this way hath been proved true often. Or take the boiling juice of sorrel, and lay it therein, and rub it with the back of a spoon till it be out.   

How to take out oily spots out of parchment or writing paper.  
Take a mutton bone and burn it to powder, then let it be fine beaten, then put of this powder on both sides of your spots, and let it be priest between two hard boards, the space of two days, then take it out, and ye shall see the oil to be clean gone, be it either parchment or paper.   

Another way to take out spots of paper.  
Ye shall take off the water willow boughs, and make ashes thereof, or ashes of the buds of the vine, with the husks of green beans, steep them in water a day and a night, then put of the same water on the spots, then press it; and let it so remain for a day and a night, or as ye shall see cause, and ye shall see it will do well.   

A very good way to take out spots of clothes.  
Take of the roots of the herb called Gentian, in english broom, take and burn of it, and make ashes thereof, and with the ashes make a lie, and with the said lie, ye shall wash your spotty clothes, and in a short space it will take away all the spots thereof. Well proved.   

A good way to take out spots out of woollen.  
Take ash water, and the powder of Alum together, then take of the ashes thereof, and lay it upon the spottye places on the cloth, and when it is dry: do sponge it off, and ye shall see it clean.   

Another against stains in linen cloth.  
first take your cloth and rub it well all over with bay salt, then take an Orange and cut it in two, and wring the juice thereon, and lay the said Orange upon the spots also: and so let it rest an hour or two, then lay them in a buck and wash them, and they will be fair and clean. Or else ye may lay thereon the juice of sorrel and salt, and so put them into the buck as is afore said.   

¶ A way to keep silk from staining in the washing.  
Take fair water and seethe it, and being all seething hot, put thereunto of soap and let it so melt therein, then take it from the fire, and let it cool till it be almost cold, and then at your pleasure ye may wash therewith your clothes, and it will scour well, and not stain your silk, and after ye have washed them, do not let them lie wet long together, but lay dry clothes between, or else they he in danger to stain: and this way you may save both Silk and Gold without changing of their colour.   

¶ Another very good way to keep Gold from staining.  
first take your Gold and anoint it all over with good Honey, than set it in the Sun, and let it rest the space of half an hour, and now and then let it be turned in the Sun. Then after take and wash it in the foresaid soapy water, and this way it shall never change nor stain, but keep colour long.   

¶ How to buck linen clothes, and to scour out all spots of grease.  
first ye shall lay all your foul clothes to soak in cold water, then drive them as ye do a buck of clothes, and when they are well driven: then shall ye take them all forth of the bucking tub, than lay them again abroad in the said tub, without any lie, and ever as ye lay them betwixt every cloth: scrape of chalk thin all over, thus when ye have all laid them: then put of your lie unto them, and so change your lie twice or thrice after, then take and wash them forth, and they will be fair and clean without grease and very white withal.   

¶ A good way to keep linen fair 20 years without removing, and will not wax moulye nor rot.  
first take your linen in march (so much as you intent to keep unremoved) and wash them, and then dry them fair again. So lay them up in your cheastes until May next following: then shall ye take them out and wash them again, when ye have so washed them, look that ye do then dry them thoroughly and well, and then fold them fair up, and lay them in your chests or press, and ye shall not need for to remove them in twenty years after, yet they shall continue dry and well.   

How to sponge woollen clothes.  
Take a quart of fair water, and let it be heat luke warm on the fire, then take a quantity of walkers clay and all to crush it therein, then let it stand until it be clear, then pour that water into another pot, and set it on the fire again, till it begin to seeth: then take of Venice soap, or other good soap, and put thereof into the said water, in stirring it well all about, then take it of the fire, and all hot, sponge or occupy therewith at your pleasure, in making it always warm, ever when ye will occupy thereof.   

How to make crane colour Fustian to be as fair canvas as at the first.  
First for the proof thereof, take a piece of crane colour Fustian, and take also as much of the juice of Oranges, or Lemons as will wet the said piece thorough, then let it rest and dry in, and the said Fustian will be as fair canvas as it was before it was coloured, thus if ye can get so much juice of Oranges or Lemons for to serve your purpose, ye may return the colour again, what quantity ye shall think good, for this hath been well proved.   

Things to keep moughths from clothes, very good in summer and other times.  
The flying moughths will be in the beginning of june, and continue till August, but they are chiefly from mid july to mid August. The running moughth he will continue in your chests all the year long, winter and summer, which are great spoilers of gear and other things. For the flying moughth. Take the powder made of dry Orange Pills, and the powder of Elecompane roots mixed together, and so cast it among your , also perfume in a chafingdish of coals your clothes therewith. Thus you may use quarterly, and it will save them. Or ye may take the powder of Arras, with the powder of Ginoper, also the powder of sitrinum, cast among clothes saves them from moughths. Wormwood or Lavendar small prevaileth. Some useth oil of spike to anoint their chests, and hang it in bladders therein. Some lays the herb called Flewort, in Latin pulicaris, which if ye lay it in your chamber, no flea will breed, some takes brimstone, & perfumes therewith, but for the running mougth I know nothing but strong perfuming, and removing your gear.   

A way for to take out spots of  clothes.  
Take and seethe of common ashes in fair water, and the powder of Alum together, and then take of the said ashes and lay thereof on the spots and so rub it in, then let it dry, and when it is thoroughly dried, then take a sponge and sponge it away, as it is declared of the other afore.   

¶ A good way to help all stains in thin silks and woollen cloth.  
Take of good strong vinegar, and make it luke warm, then dip a black cloth therein, and then rub therewith your stainie spots all over: so done, them take away so much of the said filth as ye can with a spoon, as for the rest, ye must have all ready a tailor's iron hot, and lay a piece of black cloth on the spots betwixt the iron and the cloth, and so dry out all the rest of the said filth with the hot iron, and then ye shall see it will do well and be fair.   

A pleasant water to preserve linen, or any other thing, yielding a pleasant savour a long time after.  
Take 2 pound of spike flowers, as much of rose leaves, one pound of cost marry, with half a pound of marjoram, as much of Balnea, two great handful of Organy or peniryall, four ounces of mace, a quarter of a pound of Arras powder, let all these well seek together in red wine, than put it all into a pot close stopped that the air do not pass. Let it stand so the space of four and twenty hours, then let it be put into a distillitorie, and see that it be well stopped, (round about) with flower, eggs, and water, mixed well together, and see that no air do come nor go out, but at the spout only. Upon the end thereof ye shall hang a fine linen cloth with a grain of musk or Ambergreace, within it, upon the which ye shall always let the spout drop on, and ye shall see it will be a pure water for that purpose, ye shall also take to the distilling of the foresaid things, half a pound of bay leaves, so shall this water be good for the purpose as is afore mentioned.   

A good way to wash a shirt, and save the Gold or Silk thereon, from staining.  
Take a new shirt first of all afore it be ever wet, and lay the collar and ruffs or silk in piss somewhat warm half an hour space, then take it forth, and then wash him in hot schalding licar, or seethe him, and it shall never stain the silk. If ye have not piss, ye may take grounds of strong bear or ale, and let the silk lie therein, the night before ye do wash it. And this hath been oft proved very true. But always ye must foresee, that ye hang not your clothes in the hot sun, after they be washed, but lay another cloth thereon betwixt the Sun and it, or else the Sun will change both Gold, Silver and Silk. Therefore it is better to hang them in some place of shade after their washing, if ye can. Also to soap your water to much, or your clothes is an occasion to stain both gold and silks. A very good way is: first to melt your soap in the liquor, and then let it cool, and so to wash your clothes therein.   

Against clothes stained with wine or vinegar.  
Take of warm Cow milk and wash your cloth therein, or wash it in whey and salt, other else as soon as your clothes are so stained by mischance of wine or other things, do cast of salt thereon incontinent, so than it will preserve it from staining, whether it be  or linen.   

A very good way to take forth wax or rosin dropped on silk,  or linen.  
Whereas ye shall have any such occasion to take forth wax or Rosine dropped on any silks, or other clothes. First ye shall make a pressing iron hot, or some silver spoon, with a coal of fire therein, take either of them when they he hot, and first whereas any Rosin or wax is dropped, ye shall first rub on the said drops of wax or rosin all over: with the end of a tallow candle, them take either your iron or spoon aforesaid, and hold it thereon, laying a piece of brown paper betwixt your iron and your wax, then after ye have a little so touched it with the heat, (the wax and tallow will mingle together, and soak into the brown paper) then take it off, and anoint it with the said tallow again, and then hold your hot iron, or spoon, as before, and thus ye must do, as aften as ye shall see cause, until it be all clean forth. If the wax be dropped thorough on both sides, use the one side like the other, and so ye shall get it clean: and look ever that ye shift your brown paper to a cleaner place, from the place it was before touched with wax, and this order keeping, it shall be all well and clean. Often proved.   

A soap to take out all spots in woollen cloth.  
Take of Venice soap a quarter of a pound, the yolks of three eggs, of salt finely beaten half a spoonful, of the juice of Betes, half a spoonful, or as much as will make it thick like a paste, then make them into pretty balls, and let them dry out of the heat of the sun, in some shadow place, and whensoever ye will occupy thereof, first wet your spots thorough with fair clear water, and then take your ball and rub it thereon, and wash it then clean forth as is afore mentioned of the other, thus do, and ye shall see that they shall be clean forth, as before.   

Another for the same.  
first ye shall take of white soap half a pound, and shred it very small, then take of the gall of an Ox, or of a he Goat, with some Alum, of either of them an ounce, take the yolks of two eggs, with a quantity of fine sifted ashes, put them altogether in a mortar, and beat them, and when they be well mixed, make them into balls, and whensoever ye shall need thereof, take of fair warm water, and rub the place all over therewith, and then strike with your ball thereon, and then shall ye rub cloth upon cloth, and wash it then forth, as aforesaid, and it will be clean.   

Another way good to help spots or stains.  
Ye shall first take half a gall of an Ox, the older the better, of fenugrek made in fine powder half a pound, a quarter of a pound of white soap, a gallon of strong common lie, mix altogether therein, and set them on the fire, and seethe them softly till they be half wasted, and whensoever ye will occupy thereof, heat it warm, and wash your spots therewith, in mixing it often with fair cold water, and it shall do well.   

How to take out spots of white silks, or other colours.  
Take of the best and strongest Aquavite, three pints, with the which you shall weet your spots, & take a new laid egg and beat it, and rub thereon your said spots, and so set in the son and let it dry in: this done, wash it then with a fresh and clear water, and then wring or press the said water forth, or press it betwixt your hands, and so they shall be clean, as for cloth in grain, ye may wash the spots well with Alum water, then rub cloth unto cloth, and so wash it forth with clear water again, and it will be well. If it be not at the first all clean out: do so likewise again, so long as ye shall see cause of any spots remain, and so they shall be well.   

A proved way how to take out oily spots out of cloth.  
Take of the oil of Tartar, so much as will cover your other stains, and put it thereon, and straight way take it off again, and wash it then well with fair warm water. Then take cold water also and wash it iii or four times over, after that, in changing it still with new water, this done, you shall see it will be as fair as the rest, and as it was before.   

Another way to take out all wax, Rosin or pitch, on Silks or other clothes.  
First take of tallow or other grease (be it salt or fresh) and melt it, and being seething hot, put thereof on your said spots of wax, Rosine, or Pitch, then take of hot liquor, and hold your said spots therein, & then rub cloth upon cloth, betwixt your hands. So done, then wring forth the said greasy water, and if ye than see it will not be all clean forth, serve it so again, anointing your said spots with tallow or grease, and then do cleanse forth the greasy water as afore is mentioned. For this way hath been well and often proved, and doth help.   

¶ To take forth gteace out of Silk, Velvet, Moccado or others.  
Take and heat water and put a handful of clean feathers therein, & then let it cool till ye may suffer your hand therein, & lay your silk abroad, and take your feathers and rub all over the spot, then rub thereover with Castille soap, and then with your feathers again all up & down, witting them twice or thrice, and so rub it up & down, them wring it a little & dry it in the sun or wind: but if it be Velvet, after ye have so rubbeth it: the velvet will lie, then must ye take a cloth of woollen, & heat it, them anoint it light over with butter, & chafe your cloth together, to rub in the butter, them heat it a little, & rub your velvet up & down therewith, & it will then rise again, and be as fair as before.   

To take out spots of cloth.  
They take the strait bones in sheeps feet that are sodde, and dry them and make them into powder, with the which you shall lay on the spotted cloth, laid in the Sun, and rub this powder thereon till it go all forth.   

To die wool red.  
Ye shall put too four pound of woollen yearn, ten ounces of Alum, and seethe it with bran water so much as ye shall think good, then take your yearn out, and put that water out of that Kettle, and put therein again three parts of fresh bran water, and one part of fair clear water, then warm it a little on the fire, then put therein two pound of grening weed, and let it so warm a while, then put therein your wool, and stir it well with a stick the space of three hours, but let it not seethe in any wise, so done, then take out your wool again, and put it again into your Kettle, and put thereto half a glassful of unsleakte lime, with as much of common ashes, and thereto put your wool again, and stir it with a staff six or seven Paternoster while, than take forth your wool, and ye shall have a fair colour. But if ye will have it yet a more sanguine colour, then must you put into your Kettle half a little glass full of more lime, and a little glass full of common ashes, and thereto put your wool again, and stir it well still four or five Paternoster whiles, then take forth your wool and wash it, and so ye shall have a very fair colour.   

Another way to make wool a fair red.  
When as your wool is made red after the first manner than shall ye cast away that liquor that is in the Kettle, and put into it fair water, and put thereto the cruse full of fair made lie of common ashes, and therein put also an ounce of Alum, then as soon as it beginneth to seethe, put therein your wool, and stir it well therein four or five paternoster while, then take it forth and wash it, and so ye shall have your wool a fair colour. This manner of dying is after the order of Dorneke in Flaunders.   

To die a fair yellow.  
If ye will die yellow with wood, take off the wood leaves, and cut off the roots, then cut them in pieces, and lay them to soak in lie of common ashes three hours, then seethe it a quarter of an hour, till ye think it be meetly well sodde. Then put therein two quarts of water, and as much stolen Urine of six days old at the least, so let them seethe together a little, then cleanse it thorough a siue, and then put unto the same again, of lie and Urine as aforesaid. Then strain it thorough a fair cloth and seethe it, and to two pound of wood take two pound of Verdegreace, with the lie that ye have sod, your woad and all putting them in your said colour, which must be meddled and well stirred all together. Then shall ye boil it all a little, and it shall be well.   

Another colour to die a yellow with wood.  
Take and set a pot with water on the fire, and make it warm, then take ashes made of Oaken woad, and cast thereof into the pot with water, and being warm take it from the fire, and fiyre it well. Then cover it close till the next day. Then poor the clearest lie thereof thorough a cloth softly into another vessel or pan, then take of good wood, and break the roots off, and then cut them small, then wash & rinse them in cold water, & then put them into the lie, and there let them soak a night, then take & seeth it, till the half be consumed, and when it is well sod, than all hot, cleanse it thorough a fair cloth, then must ye have of verdegreace well & finely beaten into powder, and blend thereof with a spoon amongst your other stuff, this must be done incontinent thereupon, and also your lie thereunto must be very strong made.   

How to die linen or thread red.  
As when ye will die any Linen or thread red, ye shall take one pound of samfleure, and let it soak half a day and a night in water milk warm, than put it into a thick bag or sack, and therein wash and rinse it in the river till the bag be therewith red, then wring the water well forth, and so take out your Samfloure, and spread it upon a fair board or Table and make (as it were) a little thin bed thereof, then strew thereon of white ashes, in making beds of your Samfleure, and when ye have strewed them with ashes, ye shall take to one pound of Samfleure, a guarter of a pound of ashes, which ashes must be burnt and made of the lies of white Wine, and it must be well chafed betwixt your hands, the one against the other, then make thereof a small heap, and so let it rest the space of five hours. Then shall ye rub it again till it wax warm, then have ready a fair basin, and set it under your stuff, that it may run therein, and also wring out the juice thereof into the said Basin. Then cast therein a pint of wine vinegar that is very good, than ye may put therein a pound of yearn, and it shall do well. But to die your Linen cloth, ye shall put it in before your yearn or Fustian. Then lay it therein a day and a night, then take forth your linen or yearn, and then put therein a gallon of ashes of the Ash tree, and thereunto your linen, yearn, or fustian, and so let it lie therein half an hour, then take it out and wring it as well as you can, then by and by hang it in the sun, then take that water that ye soaked first your Samfleure in, and strain it (as aforesaid) into the basin unto the other colour, than put therein a glassful of Vinegar, and then you may put therein your yearn, fustian, or linen cloth, and do thereunto as is aforesaid.   

Another way to die Linen in a fair rose red colour.  
To die a fair red rose colour of Linen, ye shall take to every iiii. yards and a half of Linen, half a li. of good gall notes, and seethe them in fair water all whole, the space of two hours, then take it from the fire, & pour that water into another vessel or fat, then put your linen into the said water, and let it soak therein the space of four hours, then take it forth and wring the liquor well forth. Then take fair water in a kettle, and set it on the fire, and put therein a quarter of a pound of Alum, and when it is ready to seethe, take it from the fire, and put your cloth therein as soon as ye have wrong and strained out your galls aforesaid, but let it dry a night before first, and then turn it well therein the space of a quarter of an hour. So take it forth and wring it well, & then seethe two ounces of brasil in fair water, the space of two hours, then take that from the fire, and hang another kettle over the fire, and put therein gruys water, so warm it a little, and cast therein two li. of grening weed, then put your linen cloth therein, and look that no Alum have been in that water. Then let it lie therein half an hour, and stir it well with a staff and then take out thereof the said linen, ye may then cast away the same liquor, and wash your kettle clean, and put therein of the clearest brasil water and let it well colour therein. Then take your Linen and wash it well in fair water, then take of fair water in a pan, with a little Alum and so seethe them both together: and therein seethe your Linen cloth five or six paternoster while. Then take out the said cloth and wring it well, and after that put the said cloth into the kettle of brasil water, and therein ye shall turn and wind it well, the space of a quarter of an hour, then take it forth and wring it a little, and likewise you shall do with the dying of the Fustian, but unto your Fustian you must have two parts more of verdigris and Alum, and that your Fustian must lie therein half a day and a night, then wring it forth, and let it dry, then after ye may raise his cotton with cards meet for that purpose, if ye will have your Linen more fairer, cast in the Kettle with your said brasil, some lie made of white Lime, than put your cloth therein, then turn and wind it therein the space of four pater nosters, and then take it forth thereof and wring it well, and so hang it up to dry.   

How to make your bran water, wherewithal you shall use to die red.  
Ye shall take a hat full of wheat bran, and take so much water as will go into the small kettles, so let it have a welling or two on the fire. Then pour it into a fat. then take two other kettle fools of water and warm it, and put it therein also, but first stir it well, and so cover it well. The first day you must stir it often, and then it will be the better, then shall ye let it stand four or five days till it wax the riper, and which will be the better for your purpose, and then ye may occupy as you shall see cause.   

For an iron moll in Linen.  
To take forth any iron moll in linen cloth, take a chafing dish with coals, then cover the coals with a pewter dish so let it be hot. Then lay your linen thereon where the moll is, and with a Limon, or an Orange, but the Limon is better, to rub your moll therewith, and still as it drieth in, lay the juice thereon, and still rub it so, till it be all clean, and this way will have it all out. Oft proved.   

To die silk quoyves in a red.  
Ye shall first lay your silk in Alum water, and let it seethe therein, and with bran water also half an hour long both together, then take a little grening weed, and the like of bran water, and let it be made hot, and put the silk therein, but let it not seethe, but take it out and rinse it in lie, and then in water, and then it will be fair and well.   

To die silk in a sanguine colour.  
Ye shall die silk in a sanguine, as ye must in all sorts take Alum as ye do grening weed, then must ye take a little fair water, with a little brasil, and seethe them together. Then take part thereof, and seethe the silk therein, and as that is taken out, so take an other, and then the third time, than put it in lie, and so cleanse it, as is aforesaid.   

To die Silk blue.  
If ye will die blue silk, that silk must then be white, which ye must first soak in water, and then wring it forth then ye shall put it in your blue dye, and there ye may make it with a light colour or dark as ye please.   

A fair green to die.  
If ye will have a fair green, take a little bran water, and a little alum, and seethe them together, and when the Alum is molten, put your silk therein, and let it seethe the fourth part of an hour. Then take again a little bran water, and a little wood, and put it therein also, till that it wax a fair dark yellow. If ye will have it more yealower, than put it in the blue dye, wherein ye may make it light or dark as ye please.   

To die black silk.  
Take to one pound of silk, xii. gall notes, and beat them to powder, then seethe the silk with the galls in fair water, a good half hour long, then take of the black dye, and therein seethe it another half hour, then take it forth and let it be cold, and then put it again into the black dye, and let it there seethe another half hour, if then it be not fair: let it seethe therein so long till it wax a fair black, than sponge it in the water, and so let it dry.   

A purple silk to die.  
When ye will die a purple silk, ye shall take to one pound of silk, 4 ounces of Alum, and seethe the Alum in common water, & lay the silk therein, and let it so lie four hours. Then take to every pound of silk, two pound of purple colour, & seethe it together as hereafter is written, which is, ye shall take half piss, and half water together, & seethe it therein till it wax clear & fair, and then sponge it in fair water. Also to each pound of silk it behoveth to have four ounces of Alum. Also for red silk to die with crap die, so called in dutch, which ye shall die with four pound of Alum, and also ye shall die sanguine silk with alum, and also yellow ye shall die with alum.   

To make a good black dye.  
Take a pound of galls, and fourth part of coperas, and seethe these together, then put the cloth therein, and stir it well about, then hang it to dry, then prepare your dye as thus, take a good great fat, and put therein a fourth part of Rye meal, and half so much of swarfe (of the grindstone, and so much of elder bark, and in like of old iron, and the scales of iron, as it comes of by the hammer beating, stir this all well together, and so let it stand three days or ever ye put your cloth therein, and at each time let your linen dry afore ye put it therein.   

To die a green.  
Take a light blue colour and put it into Alum water two hours long, then hang it to the time, there as the wind may dry it, and then put it into the foresaid wood and so use it as it is afore declared.   

To die a carnasion.  
Take purper that is dry, and say it to soak a night in piss, then take your cloth that is allomde, and dry & put it therein, but ye shall seethe the purper twice in fair water, than set another fat by the fire, and let it seethe, and therein ye shall first put your cloth, and then all wet, put it in to your dye, till it be fair enough.   

To make a red carnation.  
To make a red carnation die, ye must die your white cloth, linen or woollen, or silk yearn, to do it well, ye shall gall and Allome it well. Ye must take an herb called Foli in dutch, that shall ye find by ditches & banks, take a pound thereof that is dry, this is in tufts, and it is hot like we ashes, and carnation in sight, therewith men do make a red carnation woollen cloth, with the green or white, or of silk, and if any carnation have lost his colour, or if any carnation have lost his dye, with that ye shall die it again, that it shall not lose his colour, and to four else of cloth, ye shall take a pound gruis, or of that herb afore named, which ye shall beat to powder, Then shall ye take lie made of Oak ashes, mix a part therewith, and another part of clear piss clear and old, of each like much. If ye will have a light die, take piss new made, and of the foresaid lie, in like much & therewith ye shall die, with the foresaid powder put therein, & as it is sod, put in that which ye would die, and seeth it two hours long, and then let it dry.   

To die Linen.  
Ye shall first take to one stone of flocks five pound of soap ashes (which are called in dutch We Asseen) of the best, with sixteen gallons of water, seethe it together an hour long, and then let it clear one night, then gently pour of the uppermost thereof, and seethe your flocks therein one hour long, and then prove if your flocks or silk be enough sod, also take a little of your Flocks in your hand, and thrust it hard to a red cloth, also put it in your mouth, and if it go by and by apart like a ripe apple, than it is enough sod. Then sponge it in fair water, and then put it in bran water, according to the quantity of the woollen cloth, and seethe your Flocks therein, then take it out thereof, and take brasil and put it in water according to the quantity of the linen, that is to each elle of cloth four ounces of brasil, and as the brasil hath sod a while, then strain the brasil thorough a cloth, and put it again into your Kettle, and your Flocks also, and let them seethe, then take a Ladle full of lie and put it therein, thus shall ye make it as high as you will, and if ye will have it more higher, than put more lie therein, also for three pound of Flocks, take four ounces of Alum, and seethe them together, and if ye will seethe died Flocks, take lie of Soap ashes, as before it is written, which ye shall seethe with Soap ashes, then scour it, and let it dry.   

To die cloth with facet Wood  
As ye will die cloth with faucet Wood, ye must make your lie with soap ashes of Denmark, and rain water, which ye shall let stand three hours long, then seethe it, but the Woad must be first sod in the lie, and when it is sodde, let it be cooled with other colder and sharper lie, with the last lie ye shall put too one pound of yearn, a great piece of Alum, and put it therein. Then shall ye put that die into a fair Kettle or fat, then take two ounces of spanish green, which ye shall soak therein two or three hours long, then toss and push it up and down twice or thrice, and wring it, and with colder lie put therein, and tesse it with a dish too and fro. Also another manner is, take a dish full of unflect lime, and quench it with water, then take too dish full of wood ashes, and mix it with the chalk all together well, and there of ye shall make a good strong lie, and let it three or four times run thorough the tub, then take the faucet woad, and hue or cut it in small pieces, & cast it into the lie, and let it seethe therein half an hour long. Then put therein soap ashes, and let it seethe another good half hour, take it then off, & put thereto spanish green, & let it boil twice, or thrice, and then sponge it, also with three pound of faucet woad, it behoveth to have two ounces of spanish green, & as the cloth have been in the first liquor, if then it be too brown or too yellow, then put thereto of wine ashes, & a little alum.   

To die woollen cloth sanguine.  
To die woollen cloth fair, ye shall first seeth good rye meal in fair water, and then put it in a fair tub or pan. Then cast fair water thereon, and let it so stand three days to clear, then take of that water, & put therein two ounces of alum, to an elle of cloth, and let it seeth two hours long, then let it hang & cool without wring. Then put that water forth of the vessel with the meal, and put therein a pound of the best grening weed, and heat that also, but let it not seethe, them put your cloth therein, & toss it well with your hands without seething, and take it forth and put it in a pan with fair lie, and let it lie therein, and so let it dry, and it will be a red. If ye will make fairer, you must have of brasil, take an ounce of Alum and alum it as aforesaid in another water, then seethe two ounces of alum with that brasil, in bran water made, and as the brasil have sod a while therein, so put therein of cold water, then take so much thereof out as will wet your cloth in, and stir it well therein, then shall ye take of other dye, until the time that it hath sufficient enough, if ye will have the same a sanguine, lay it in fair lie of Soap ashes, and there it will have a fair sanguine dye.   

To die woollen yearn, or cloth.  
To make this dye, put too four pound of woollen yarn, or cloth, two pound of woad. Put this woad in a Kettle, and cast therein of fair water, than cast again half a tin dish full of ashes out of the fire, and as soon as it seethes, put your woollen yarn therein, then let it seethe eight or nine pater noster while long, then put your yarn forth, and put a little water in, out of the kettle, and then a few ashes out of the hearth, and put your woollen yarn again therein: and so let it seethe a good while, if it be a brown blue, it shall be a dark green, and if it be white woollen yearn, so it shall be a yellow colour   

Again to die woollen yearn.  
As ye will die woollen yarn that is green, your yearn ye shall first seethe in bran water, which is to understand, to four pound of yarn, ten ounces of Alum, and let it seethe two hours, then wring that out, and put it in the dye thus made. To four pound of wool yearn take two pound of woad, and seethe the woad well with hearth ashes, in lie made a day before, so let it seeth the fourth part of an hour, then put the clear into a clean fat or vessel, then take the fourth part of an ounce of spanish green, called Verdigreace, powder it well & cast it therein, and stir it with a stick or staff, then put in your yearn, so turn and toss it therein the fourth part of an hour, and then let it dry. If it be not fair enough, than put it in again, and do as before, also as ye would die blue woollen yearn, yet shall put it first in warm water, then wring it forth and die it blue, as it is aforesaid.   

To die with brasil as red as a rose.  
Take six else of linen, and thereto half a pound of beaten galls, of the best: then put it in fair water, and let it seethe about two hours, but the galls should rather be all whole, and when they are sodde, set it from the fire, and put it gently in another Kettle or fat, and then put your linen therein, as hot as you may handle it, and stir it therein four hours long, that done, then wring it well forth, and hang it to dry. Then take four ounces of Alum, and seethe it with water, and when it is sod, take it from the fire, and put your galled cloth therein, as hot as ye may suffer it, the space of a quarter of an hour, then take your bran water and put thereof in a Kettle, and as it is warm, put therein two pound of grening weed, let it the first time soak well therein, and let it be well and hot, but not seethe, and then put your cloth therein, and stir and handle it well at the first with your hands, nigh half an hour with a staff tossed well all about, and well handled in the dye, and then ye shall take your cloth and sponge it in water and wash it clean. Then take a little alum, and seethe it with water, then shall ye have two ounces of brasil sodde in light water, and put your cloth therein five paternosters long. Then shall ye have two ounces of brasil sodde in light water, and put your cloth therein, then handle and stir it well therein and stir it well about the space of a quarter of an hour and wring it not to sore, then dry it. Then if it be not dry enough, then wet it as before said.   

How to make a green water.  
Take nigh half an ounce of verdigris, and crush it well in a wooden dish, than put thereto the yolk of an egg and too blades of saffron, then take of the leaves of spurge, half a handful, and beat them in a mortar, and thereto cast a good glassful of Vinegar, and strain it thorough a cloth. Then take of this stuff, and put thereof in a dish with the verdigris, and stir it well together and make it thin, that it may be the better to die, or to work with a pencil, or as ye shall seem best.   

To die fair Linen with brasil.  
Ye shall take fair water, and heat it over the fire, then shall ye have the powder of galls, and put thereof into the Kettle over the fire, and so let it seethe a quarter of an hour: then take it from the fire, and take another vessel and put therein so much cold water, as of the other in the Kettle, and put that hot in the Kettle thereunto. Then put your cloth therein, and stir it well up and down therein, and as ye have done so a while, then let it lie therein four hours long in that gall water, then take your Kettle again with other fair water, and set it over the fire and make it hot, then put of alum therein to the kettle over the fire, and as that water is hot, and the Alum melted, ye must then have another vessel or fat with cold water, as much as of the other hot water, and put the Alum water therein, then put your cloth therein, and stir it as aforesaid, and so let it then lie therein four hours long, so done than ye shall wring it out and hang it to dry, or to dry in the air, but let it not be too dry. Then shall ye take your brasil made in powder, and put it in the pan, and so let it seethe therein, the quarter of an hour, and before that brasil do seethe, ye shall take wheat flower, & put therein, & mix it altogether well in a dish, and put it into the Kettle before it do seethe: thus done, let it seethe, and as it hath sod, then take forth so much of the brasil, as ye may put in your cloth, and stir it well about, as is afore declared, thus done, let your cloth rest therein a good while, then wring it forth, & hang it to dry, & as it is dry, ye shall take that liquor that it hath lain in, and put that away, them take again so much brasil as before, & put that cloth therein again, and then hang it to dry, and as it is dry, than put it in another liquor, & hang it again to dry, & then it is full done. And to know the quantity of weight, which is, to every elle of linen cloth, ye shall take a loot of gall powder so called in dutch, and as much of alum, and to each elle of cloth one ounce of brasil.   

To make a fair yellow.  
To make a yellow, that ye may work with oil, or water ye shall take woad, so much as ye shall please, & let it stand to soak a night and a day in lie made with soap ashes, and when it is thus soaked, then shall ye seethe it, & cover it close so long as it seethe, thus done, than set it from the fire, & put that liquor into another pan, & so strain it thorough a clea● cloth, then take the pan & pour the thinnest above off, so long till ye see the die undercome with all, then take the fore said cloth, and strain it again thorough it, into another pan so long as ye think the substance of the woad do tarry in the cloth, till ye think that that water is thin enough to strain, and then ye may use it.   

A fair Linen cloth to die blue.  
For to die a fair blue, ye shall take a pan of fair water, & hang it over the fire, & let it be seething hot, then must ye have a vessel of half an Am, so called in dutch, or thereabout, & as your liquor is hot, put thereto 3 pound of wheat bran, & 3 pound of ashes, & a pound of grening weed, stir all this in the pan, & let it seethe three or iiii. paternosters long, them take of floray under half a pound, & soak it in fair water, & let it there rest a quarter of an hour covered, them take your clean vessel or Am, & therein put your soaked floray, then take the hot liquor over the fire, but let it cool or ye put it into the fat, then put it in and stir it well, and so cover it well and close, and let it so rest six hours long, then uncover it and stir it well about a good while then cover it close again, and let rest other vi hours, then uncover it & stir it as before, & so stop it again, then uncover it within two or three hours, & look if the die begin to come, or begin to wax green, if they do not, let it rest longer and stop it close, if ye see it be come, put therein some of your cloth that ye would die, and turn it well therein, then wring it out, and let it rest 2 or 3 hours: them put in again your cloth, and use it as aforesaid, & so stop it well again, and let it rest so, two or three hours, till ye shall see the dye begin to come, & the flower to lie above, & to every going the ye go thereto, see if the colour be green enough, or wax green, and when ye shall see it so, ye shall scom of the flower with a dish, and then put your cloth again therein, stir it well, and wring it forth, then stop it again well, and thus ye must colour three or four times a day, Then must ye take the dye in the dessell, and hang it over the fire again, and there let it be hot, and put therein two pound and a half of ashes. Then put it in the Fat, and so let it rest, but stop it well and close, so let it rest a night, but stir it once in the night with a staff, and see in the morning if the die be come, as aforesaid, and so put in your cloth again, but let it not lie therein too long, that it cool not the die, and as ye have thus died it four times. Then shall ye make it hot again over the fire, putting therein two pound of pot ashes, and so let rest all a might, and stir one in the night as aforesaid, and stop it close, and when ye go thereto, see if the die be come, if it be come, ye may die, as before, that ye think good, and when your colour wax a fair green, then is your dye good and ripe, and the flowers will lie fair above, but as it begins to wax yellow, than it is too ripe. Then must ye put in more cloth.   

How to die a fair Linen with brasil.  
Ye shall take so much linen as ye will, and to every elle of linen, take two ounces of gall nots, or xii. notes, these notes ye shall break in two or three pieces, than put them in a kettle with water, and let them seethe together, and as they have sod a quarter of an hour or less, take it of the fire, and take your cloth forth thereof, and let it a little soak by, but let it not dry. As ye have thus sod it, ye shall take another Kettle with fair water, and put it over the fire, and make it seething hot, Then shall ye to every elle of cloth, take two ounces of Alum, which ye shall put in the said water, and as it is melted, ye shall take the foresaid cloth, and put it into the said kettle to the Alum, & let it seethe together, a quarter of an hour, then take forth of the kettle, and wring it a little, then hang it to dry a little, but not too much. Then must ye have your sod brasil as thus: ye shall take lie made of wood ashes, but see it be not too strong. And thereof so much in your pan as will make your cloth wet, than put your brasil in the pan with the lie, and so let it seethe a quarter of an hour, then set it from the fire, and have ready an earthen pan, and by and by, put your liquor & brasiil therein, then shall ye put your foresaid cloth therein, stir and turn it well therein, but see that it be not too dry of the said Alum that it hath been sod with. Also to four gallons of lie, ye shall put less than half a pound of brasil powder small beaten.   

To make a fair brasil colour, to work on cloth or paper.  
Ye shall take a fair pot, and put therein a pound of chalk small broken, and put thereto a pottle of good Vinegar, and stir it well together. Then let it stand a day and a night, then pour the clearest into a fair pan, and see that no chalk go therein, then take two parts of the said lie, and put it in a fair pot, and set it over the fire, and seethe it five pater noster long, then take it from the fire, and put the liquor in to fair a pan, and ye shall put thereto xiiii. ounces of alum, and stir it well with a staff, then take the other part, & put it to the said brasil wood, the which ye have changed, and let it there seethe, as afore said, and put that liquor into another pan, and put thereto xiii ounces of Alum, which ye shall stir so well as aforesaid, and when ye have tossed it long, put it then to the other, and stir it well, as ye will have it dry take a pan and fill it full and set it in the wind eight days or more, and there let it dry, & as it is fair, ye may work therewith.   

Blue Buckram to die.  
Take three pound of gruis of Turwin, so called in dutch, and a pound of Mede, a pound of Floray, and to three pound of Soap ashes, take lx. quarts of water, first ye shall put your Floray into a fair fat, and put thereto ten quarts of water, and stir it well altogether, this must be so hot that ye cannot suffer your hand therein, in the other water ye shall put the gruis, with the ashes and Mede, and that put together, and so stand, which ye shall stir xii. hours long, and waxing a blue, so ye may work with it. If it be not blue enough, so let it stand covered, xx. hours long.   

A red to die with Crampmede.  
Take a pound of crampmede, to three else of linen, & take a fair pot with water, and set it by the fire till it be ready to seethe, and put therein two ounces of galls, and let them so seethe together, and then put your linen therein, and take it sometimes out and in, and at each time wring it well out. Then take a fair pot with fair water, and make it seething hot, then put therein an ounce of alum, and so let it seethe well, then put your cloth in as aforesaid. Then take another pot of water, and let it seethe therein till it be red, then take that cloth out, and cleanse it all about with a cloth. If ye will have it more darker than must it have a lie of unquenched chalk, with the like die: men with woad ashes do make a red dye or colour, without unquenched lime, in having woad ashes in stead of unquenched lime.   

To die black Velvet or linen.  
Take of galls and coperas, & seethe them together, and put your linen therein, if it be grey silk, then take of elder barks, and old iron, and put all in a hearing barrel or vessel. Then take gruis or swarfe, this shall be a thurden deal of the fat, the other two parts shall be fair water so let it stand three weeks long, & so stir it often well about, and put your grey silk therein, and as this is done, so shall ye hang it to dry, and so put it in again, so often till that it be black enough. In steed of galls ye may take harkes of Oak, and shoemakers black.   

To make grey flore.  
Take flore and lay it to soak 24 hours, then wring it out thorough a cloth, then take lie of wine ashes, & spread it 2 hours long on a fair table, then take the said lie, and put it in three vessels, and take the Flore & put it into one of the vessels, Then put it well forth, then put that Flore in the least vessel, than so in the midst, and in the first, but ear ye put the linen therein, put in vinegar & wring it out.   

To die silk red.  
Take of good wood ashes, & make a good lie thereof, & put therein of willow or facet woad, & barbary wood or yellow wood, & soak them therein an hour, then seethe a quarter of an hour, then put your cloth therein, & put in a little spanish green, but that cloth ye must first alum it.   

To make a black water to die with.  
A black water to die all manner of silk clothes, ye shall take half a pound of gall notes, and put thereto somewhat less than a pottle of water, and an ounce of swarfe of the grindstone, and a good deal of the filings of iron, make it seethe, and put thereto a quarter of a pound of coperas, and seethe all to the half, and put therein a pound of gum arabic, then seethe it till all the gum be melted. Then set it from the fire, the older it is the better it will be.   

¶ To make a thick water to work on yellow silk.  
Take a pottle of the best vernice ye can, & put in an ounce of brimstone in fine powder, & half an ounce of camphor, than seethe it a while, and let it cool, then strain it thorough a cloth, also with this ye shall work thin, and this must be sod with the fourth part of gum Arabic.   

To work on yellow silk, white, grey or azure colour.  
Take a pottle of Conduit water, and a fourth part of Arsenic in powder, and two ladle full of woad, cut the woad in small pieces, and make it seethe as herring, that is softly, then set it from the fire, and put therein so much of grains, as ye put in porridge, and herein also ye shall put in of gum of Arraby, so much as you shall seem good.   

To make a red water.  
Take a pottle of fair water, and a fourth part of gum, and half a pot of faucet woad (so called in dutch) and then seethe it together till three pints be consumed, then set it from the fire, and herein ye shall put half an ounce of spanish green, and then put in also of grains, so much as ye do in seasoning your pottage.   

To make a red with brasil.  
Take your Linen to one pound, take a fourth part of Alum, but first seeth alum, than lay your linen therein the space of two hours, then take of beaten galls, and put water thereto, then lay your linen therein, and put in a quarter of a pound of brasil, and an ounce of gum of Arabia. Then let it seethe a fourth part in, and then put in your Linen. If you will have it a red, then put in no galls.   

To make a red water for white silk or woollen, green, yellow, violet or azure.  
Take a pottle of running water, and an ounce of brasil, seethe these till the half be consumed. Then take it from the fire, and put in so many grains, as ye put unto a pot of porridge, and a fourth part of gum. But if ye will make it a light red, put it into another fat, whereas there is a quarter of a pound of Alum made in powder, and so let it rest all a night and it will do well.   

To make a blue.  
Take three parts of Soap ashes, and one part of unquenched lime, and make a lie thereof, and then let it clear, then strain it thorough a thick cloth, and ye shall take xv. quarts of the said lie, and put thereto a pound of Bloemen (so called in dutch) then stir it all well together with a staff, and warm it over the fire, so that ye may not scant suffer your hand therein, but first your cloth must be sod in Alum, and also dried, then put it in the warm dye, two or three times, than after, if ye will have it black or light colour, so ye may use it, but before all things your dye must be warmed, ere ye die or colour therewith.   

To make a fair sanguine dye.  
Take upon each elle of linen, six galls beaten into powder, and then take three gallons of water put into a tub, and put the powder of the galls thereto, & stir them well together, then lay your linen therein, and turn and wend it well. Then take and wring it dry out, then let it lie therein again two hours long, but at each hour ye must wring it, as before, and lay it therein again in the tub, and as it hath lain two hours, & so wrong out, then take one ounce of Alum, of the best, and three gallons of water in a Kettle, and make it well and hot ready to seethe, till all be well melted, then set it from the fire, and put your linen therein, & do it as ye have done before again two hours long, then after that take a pan, and put therein two gallons of water, and warm that like the other, then take three ounces of brasil and cast it therein, again let it seethe a quarter of an hour, then take a good quart of water, and cast it therein seething, and take a quart of that dye, and lay your linen therein six or seven. pater nosters long, so that the die be drunk all in the said cloth, then wring it forth and handle it well, then lay the cloth again in that dye, toss it, and turn it and wend it well therein, and let it lie so long therein as aforesaid, and so wring it out, then take the third colour and lay it therein, and let it lie therein a quarter of an hour, and so it will be well.   

A light red dye for skins.  
To die a fair light red, take xiiii. dry skins as they come from Antwerp, and put them in the river, or in water two days, and two nights, then take them out of the said water, and put into a fat, a Kettle full of unquenched lime or chalk, and put so much water thereto, as the fells may well be covered therein, then stir them well with a staff altogether, and put your fells therein, then turn and toss them well, if it be in the summer, it shall be enough to lie therein viii. days, & ye must each two. days see unto them, if it be in the winter, they must lie therein a month, then take your fells out, and hang them again in the foresaid rivers or water three days, & three nights, then after wash them well in a tub with luke warm water, and stamp them with your feet, then after wash them again in the river water as aforesaid, and hang a Kettle over the fire with fair water, and therein put iiii. pound of Alum, and when it is melted in the water, seething hot, putting in so much water that it may be no hotter but your hand may suffer therein without scalding, then set it from the fire and put your fells therein, and stir them well with your hand, so let it rest a day and a night, but as ye go to bed you shall stir them once well, then after take your fells forth, and wring the water well out, & as your fells do wax somewhat dry, ye must wet them again: then take four pottles of piss, that is stolen, hang it over the fire in a pan, let it seethe well, & scum it clean so long as any scum will rise, then put in a pot full of beaten lack, and let it therein seethe a little, and put therein so much Alum as a hazel nut, and give it therewith a boiling, then set it from the fire, and let it so rest till it be cold to suffer your hand therein, then put a glass full thereof in your fells which be ready sowd like a sack, & hold it too above, & with your other hand hold under, and shake it up and down as ye would bolt meal, do thus so long till the colour hath well taken the leather, then turn your fells about, but if it be fair enough let it so be, if it be not fair enough, put of your said substance again another half glass therein, and stir it about as before, and then rip your fells, and hang them to dry in some high loft. And as they be dry, so take and lay them a night in a fat with water, and next day taw them on a sharp tawing iron, until they be all workmanly done, than they are well.   

To make leather red.  
Take an ounce of Alum & melt it in a gallon of water, them take a calves fell & spread it on a rame, so it must be rubbed all over with alum water first, then incontinent ye shall strike it all over with brasil water, and let it so dry in, and then strike it all over again, and so let it dry in like, but the colour or die must be made warm always, when ye rub thereon. But first ye must make it wet with cold water, and wring it again out, and then stretch it forth on a board, and so ye may use it.  
The foresaid brasil water, ye shall make thus. Take three gallons of rain water, and put therein four ounces of brasil woad made in powder, and half an ounce of Wey ashes, called soap ashes, with a little saffron. Then seethe it so long till the third part be wasted. Then cleanse that out, and the pot with rain water again, and let the half seethe away. Then is the strength all out, and with this last water ye shall colour first, and with the first water ye shall die or colour last.   

To die red fells.  
To die red Leather, ye shall seethe Lack in been straw, and a curtsy piss, as aforesaid is. Then put therein so much as two great beans, and then take an ounce of brasil water, and so let them seethe together.   

To dress fells with gold.  
To dress fells with gold, take brown red, & grind it on a stone, with water mixed with chalk, and lime water, and therewith you shall strike your fells twice over, then lay your silver or gold thereon, and let it dry, then shall ye smooth it with a tooth, and so strike it over, and then dry it in the sun.   

To colour green fells.  
To colour green fells, take spanish green, and grind it upon a stone with wine Vinegar, and some saffron temper this with gum water and lime, and so strike your skins therewith.   

To gild on leather.  
Ye shall overstrike your leather thrice with whites of eggs, and gum water, then lay your gold thereon, and lick it well and fair, or the yolks of hard roasted eggs, mixed with gum water and ground, the red and the grey skins ye may varnish them, take a flat basin, and put fire under, and spread the fells thereon, and strike varnish also over the skins, where it is coloured, but afore you strike your fells strike it warm on the Basin, and then let it dry, then smooth the colour all over even, and when it is dry; then lick it, or burnish it with a tooth, and as ye will have it fair, so take an end of a tallow candle, and rub it on your arm from the hand to the elbow, then strike it all over with that part of your arm, and it is done.   

Again to colour leather red.  
Take the dye for a red leather, and take an ounce of brasil, in a nealed pot, and seethe it till the third part be wasted, but first wash your leather in Alum water, or in other water, but let it not lie long therein, so let it dry, and put it therein, and let it rest two days and two nights on a tack, and then hang that leather in the air to dry.  
If ye will have it sanguine, take of vine branches ashes, and make lie thereof, and with this lie, seethe your brasil woad, and so ye may colour red therewith.   

To colour leather green.  
Take an ounce of Equisetam, in English horsetail, it is an herb growing in low places or meadows, put there to of old standing water, with a quantity of Alum powder, with a little coperose beat in powder, so use it.   

To colour a blue leather.  
First you shall take an ounce of Endix, so called in duchy, with one ounce of chalk, and a pottle of Vinegar, or good sharp lie, than put all into a basin, and there slyrre it all well together, first your fells must be made ready thereto, as afore is declared, then put your stuff thereon, and so use it as the other, and it will show a fair blue element colour.   

To make a fair red colour.  
Take your leather which is allumde before, then take of old piss, of such as use to drink much wine, and let it stand till it stink, then take the clearest thereof, and seethe it till the half be wasted, then take two ounce of lack, with one part of brasil, a part of Alum, & a part of Salarmoniacum, beat them altogether, and put them into a pot, and set it over the fire, and stir it well with a white stick, until the stick wax red as blood, then take it off, & colour therewith luke warm.   

Another fine red colour.  
Take half an ounce of brasil powder, and half a pottle of old water, seethe them together, and scum it well, then take a little alum, which must be first killed in clay, first take it from the fire, and then put in your said alum, so reserve it, and use it as the other.   

To make a light blue colour.  
Take the flowers of the blue bottles among corn, and pick them off, then grind them on a stone or mortar, and put thereunto a little vinegar, then temper it with alum as aforesaid, so shall ye have a fair blue colour, so may ye use it incontinent for it will not last long but change colour.   

To make a white leather blue.  
Take hengarten besien, so called in dutch, which I take to be the low elder, called Dane wort, seethe the said berries in water, then with your hand stir them well about, and also break them, so done, then seethe it again a while, and so let it cool, and being warm, strike all over your leather once or twice, or as oft as ye shall see cause, then take of Endir, so called in duchy, and strew of that powder thereon, and rub it in, and so it will do well.   

Another way for red leather.  
To make your red, take a pound of Mosherumps with a little of unquenched lime, than put thereto a pottle of water, and let it stand a night, then take two parts of other fair water, and a third part of chalk water, with a quantity of brasil, then put all the said stuff into a leaden pot, and let it seethe till the half be consumed, than it will be well, and ye may use it as the other.   

To make a green colour.  
Take the leaves of an herb called night shade, than stamp or beat it in a mortar of stone, so temper it with Alum, and so colour your skins therewith, also ye may take of the green berries of the green berry tree (which the painters use) stamp them and so let them rest ten or twelve days, then strain them, and put Alum water thereto, and strike your skin therewith, but first make it warm, and so use it.   

Another good green.  
Take one part of the foresaid low elder berries, and seethe them in sufficient water, than put therein two ounces of brasil powder, and an ounce of walkers clay, with a pottle of old water, let all these seethe a good while together, then put in your beaten alum, but not afore, so shall it be a fair colour as the other.  
If ye will have it a more darker colour: ye must therewith strike twice all over your skins: to have it a lighter colour, than ye shall mingle it with old rain water, and so use it.   

To colour black Leather after the order in germany.  
To colour leather black, take a herring barrel, and lay it three fingers thick in the bottom with elder barks, then take the filings of iron, and straw it all over the said barks, then take as much bark of elder again, and lay it therein, and so likewise your filings thereon as before. Do thus, till the said barrel be three quarters filled, and hath taken to the quantity of four pottles, or more of the filings, then take so much of rain water as will fill it up to cover it all over, so let it stand a month or that ye do colour therewith, and ever as it waxeth empty, fill it up again with filings, and rain water as before, in letting it stand (so filled) a month after, and always let the last cover be the fillings above, and when ye list to colour therewith, unto three pottles of colour, ye must have iiii. ounces of beaten galls, and two ounces of coperas water, then let it seethe together before ye die, that ye may colour the better therewith: thus ye may use it at your pleasure.   

To colour a white leather.  
First take your skins and hang them in lime water, till they wax supple, or in chalk water, and when they be well soaked, if ye will make haste of them, first take of the here, and cleanse it out of the said water, so that all the substance aforesaid be taken forth of the fells, and being cleansed then a day or more, then wring the said water all clean forth, and let them dry, and to vi. fells put not above two ounces of Alum, and let your fells lie therein a night and a day, then wring them and draw them well until they be all clean, and then use them.   

Another fair red colour.  
Take a fell or fells, and wet them in Alum water and salt mingled together, and to iiii. ounces of salt, take viii. ounce of Alum to the weating of your said fells, and also two ounces of lime, then seethe all in two pottles of rain water, then strain it thorough a linen cloth, and wash therewith what fell ye will, then spread it abroad on the earth, and take a woollen cloth, and with the same liquor, strike the said fells all over, and so let them dry. Then they will be ready for to receive your colour, then after that take at the least four ounces of the liquor of the last end of a brewing, with two ounces of brasil powder, then seethe all these in two pottles of the lie of soap ashes, with one ounce of Alum, and when it is well sod, take it of the fire, and all to strike your fells therewith, and then let it dry, and so they shall be ready and soft withal, and here ye must understand with what colours ye shall strike your fells withal, which is, with the red, and with blue, and also green, for these shall chiefly abide and not go off, also to wet your fells, where linen yearn hath been soaked in, it will be likewise very good.   

To colour a black spanish leather.  
Take of Pomplemelc, so called in dutch, and make it warm, then wash your fells therewith till the white come no more off, neither forth thereof, and to a small fell ye shall take four ounces of Venice tot appelen, so called in dutch, than beat it a little into pieces, and cast of fair water thereon, and seethe it till it wax soft, so that ye may wring it betwixt your hands, then strain out the water thereof, if it be too hot, take a broad earthen pan, and put the said liquor therein, then spread your skin abroad and dip your fell therein till it be well wet, do it so iii. or iiii. times, then take good shoemakers colour, or black, so much as ye shall think good, the which ye shall make the fell thorough moist withal, & put thereto a little vitrial coporas, then wring it well forth, & lay it together, and let it dry softly, then take it or it be thorough dry, and wring it between your hands, for so it will be soft, do so often times and when it is dry, take of Goose grease, or hog's grease in a woollen cloth, and rub it therewith too and fro a good space before a fire, or by a hot oven, so rub and chafe it well in with your hands, that the grease be not seen, Of both, Goose grease is the better, than linseed oil, or shoemakers train.   

Another way for black leather.  
To make a black leather, be it sheep or other. First take your leather and stretch it, then sprinkle it well out of your mouth with water, then take your tawing stock, & taw it well therewith, also rub and chafe it together with your hands as shoemakers do, & draw it well with your paring iron, them put it on your dressing board, & strike it with a woollen cloth till it be all even, & then ye may colour it, & when it is well coloured, then wring the said colour out of your skins, so put it in again into the said colour, & so do as ye did before, at the first time it must be alway twice coloured, then hang it in the sun and let it dry, than ye shall take it again, not being thorough dry, rub it, and so colour it again, as before. If ye have it very soft: rub and chafe it betwixt your hands, ever before ye colour it, so being well died and coloured, which at the least must be v. or vi. times over. Thus ye must do for sheep skins, which also must be dressed with alum, and when ye lay your colour on them, then take lynseede oil, and with a woollen cloth, strike your dressing iron therewith, and when your skins be thereon well tawed, then take of your sleight colour or die out of your fat all cold, and colour your skin therewith once after your said linseed oil. Then put it together, and wring forth the oil and grease therein, and the colour also, and being well wrong out, lay it together, and colour it once again, and being thus coloured three times over, then take and dry it, and so it is done.   

To gild on Leather.  
First ye must work it well, and overstrike it with the whites of eggs, and gum water beaten together, then lay your gold thereon, and strike it well, ye may temper therewith hard yeolks of eggs beaten with gum water. The red and green skins ye may varnish, as to take a basin with a smooth bottom, and put coals under, and then lay, and spread your skin thereon, so strike your skin all over with varnish, but afore ye strike it over (on the bottom of the basin or pan) ye shall first rub and warm your skin all over on the basons bottom, then strike your colour all over thereon, and so let it dry, and being dry, smooth it with a sleek stone, and so ye shall make it fair.   

To make a lie to die a blue.  
When ye will die a blue, ye must make a strong lie, and ye must take twice so many ashes with a third part of chalk, then make it seethe four paternoster while, than cast thereto of clean wax, which will make it clarify the better, than set it over the fire, and let it there soak two hours or thereabouts, then put into a pan five pound of woad, and put it to the said lie, then hang it over the fire, and warm it well without seething, and then put it in some hearing vessel, let it remain there half an hour, then cast therein half a pint of Zemes, so called in dutch, and stir it well with a staff, then cover it well the space of a quarter of an hour, and then it will be good and ready to die with, then take of linen yearn, or woollen cloth, other fustian or Oyer: to have it a light blue, put it but once in, and to have it a little brouner, put it in twice, and to have it more browner, put it thrice in, or so long till ye see it brown enough, and when ye have died what ye please, let the vessel rest till another day. If then ye will die more yearn, linen or woollen, then must the die be taken out of the vessel, and put into a kettle, and put thereto four quarts of lie, as is aforesaid, so cover it well and let it stand one hour, then put thereto half a pound of grening weed, and hang it over the fire again, and let it colour well without seething, then cast it into the vessel with a pint of Zemes, and cover it well, and let it rest a quarter of an hour, and then put therein again to die what ye think good, and colour it as is aforesaid, also when ye do set and prepare your fat, ye must have to every ounce of greening weed, one quart of good lie.   

To colour or die a black.  
Take a vessel, and put in cold gall water, than lay your fustian therein, stir it and handle it well therein, and then put it into the black dye, and toss it and handle it well therein also, and then again in the gall water, and again in the dye, do thus so often till it be died enough.   

To die a fair yellow colour as Gold.  
Lay first your linen in alum water four hours long, then take one part of chalk, and two parts of wood ashes, then make a lie thereof, and seethe your dye therewith, also the best lie to die with is, to take two parts of wood ashes, and one part of chalk, work and use it as ye shall perceive best.   

To die Fustian grey.  
Take of hay ashes, and vine ashes by themselves, and make a lie thereof, then put your fustian there in the hay lie, and then in the other lie, do it thus so long till ye see it all coloured enough, with these and such like ye may die linen grey, but ye must put thereto a little more of calls.   

To die black silk or velvet.  
Ye shall first soak your silk in gall water an hour long, and then let it dry, then shall ye lay it in the lie of saeche meal, (so called in dutch) and with ashes of wines, and lay it therein xii. hours or more, then let it dry well, and after ye must seethe it in black die two or three times, till that ye think it be fair enough.   

To die a silk that hath lost his colour.  
Take Satin or Damask that must be made black, seethe it first in the dye of Oaken barks, then dry it in the wind, then seethe it again in your black dye, and so let it dry always again. And if than it be not black enough, seethe it in gall water and black dye, till it be fair enough, so let it dry, then rub all over with butter, or other grease, and wring it well between your hands, then strike it over with a fair woollen cloth, and it so will be well.   

To make a grey Fustian.  
First lay your Fustian to soak the space of three hours, then to viii. else of Fustian, take two ounces of broken galls, and put them into warm water, than put your gall water into another fat, with eight quarts of fresh water, then lay your fustian therein, & stir it well with your hands therein, toss it well, & wring it forth well, & lay it therein again one hour, & so wring it well forth, then put it into the black dye, and lay it therein another hour, so wring it well, then scour it in the fair river water, and then hang it to dry if then it be not grey enough, soak it again in fair water, and then put into your gall water, and then the black dye, then scour it and dry it, so burle it and dress it up, and so it is done.   

Black silk to die.  
To one pound of silk, take xii. gall notes beaten into a fine powder, then seethe that silk with the galls in comen water, half an hour long, then take of your black dye, and seethe it therein another half hour, then take it forth, and let it cool, and then put it again into the dye, and let it seethe therein another half hour, if then it be not fair enough, seethe it therein, till it be fair, then take and wash it out of that colour and hang it to dry, and so it is done.   

To colour curried skins green, or fells to cover Books.  
Take the buds of white & black thorn, which ye must gather in the month of August, when they begin to wax ripe and black, put them in a well leaded pot, the space of ten days, than put thereto four ounces of Alum, & boil them together well, then put it into a powdering vessel of Beef or Pork, and close it well that it take no wind, than set it a little in the sun, and when ye would colour therewith, take a little of the said colour, & mix it with some lie, and warm it, and then strike it on the skins, and ye shall see a fair colour. Also take Lincaile, or canker of Latin, honey, and mix them together in like, and put thereto piss, so much that it may take colour, and also stain the skin, and then dry it in the shade.   

To make a yellow colour on skins.  
Take the ripe seeds of Nerprun, so called in french, dry them in the sun, and when ye will work therewith, temper it with lie, and with a little alum of the Rock, and let it rest till it be melted, the which will make it to take a yellow colour, but the lie must first be heat a little.   

To die thread black.  
Take a quantity of broken or bruised galls, and boil them in water in a small pot, and when they have a little boiled, take out all the galls, and put into the same pot só much Coperose as ye have had of galls, and put therewith a little gum of araby, and then give it again another boiling, so let it boil a little, and with the said die, ye shall colour therein your thread, then take it forth, and ye shall see it a fair shining black.   

To die thread grey.  
Take of the said black dye, so much as ye list, and put thereunto half so much water, more or less as ye will have your colour deep or light. Then boil your thread therein, and you shall have it grey as ye list, other brown or lighter, other after a mouse dun.   

To die thread in sad purple colour.  
Take the barks of Pomegranates, & the pills of dried Oranges, then boil them in water with a little Alum, as great as a small nut, then let it cool, and when it is cold, put your thread therein, and boil it again, and ye shall have a fair colour.   

For to curry a raw Goteskinne.  
Take a goats skin raw, and put it in warm water, and let it rest there a day, then scrape and cleanse it very clean, and take away all the filth thereof, and to finish it, take water, and set it over the fire, and put therein a handful of fat, and four ounces of roche Alum, then stir all together till it begin to boil, than set it from the fire, and let it rest till it be cold, then take an egg, and beat it with a little Oil olive, this done put your goats fell in the said water, and stir it well all about with your hands three or four times, and so it shall be in good case and well curried.   

To die skins in a blue like azure.  
The wool being clean taken off, and the fell washed clean in fair water, so wring it all out, then take the berries of the greening tree, as painters use, and the berries of elder, seethe them together in water of Alum, then strain that water, so let it rest, then pour away the uppermost, and strain the rest again, then let it dry, and wash with that clear water, but see that your fell be clean: then take your colour, and strike your fell all over therewith being warm, and so let it dry, so it will be a good blue.   

To die skins with Madder, called Kubea tinctorum in Latin.  
First see that your skins be ready washed and wrong clean, and so laid abroad, then shall ye wet it all over with the lies of white Wine, wherein bay Salt have been boiled, and so wring forth that again, then take the ashes of the shells of Crevice, or Sea crabs, and temper it with the foresaid water and salt, and therewith rub your skins and wash them well then with clear water, and wring him, take ruddle & temper it with the said lies, and rub it all over therewith, & so with the said ashes, thus wash & wring it three times, if it be not then well, ye shall give him a colouring with brasil, and your Madder mixed together with the said water or lies, or that some tartar have been sod in, which must be made warm, when ye lay your ruddle, so leave it a night, then put on your Madder, mixed with alum or lies, or alum cativum stieped in water, also you may add unto it, the shearing of scarlet taken out of the boiling lie, which is also good.   

A good green to greeneskinnes.  
Take first and cleanse your skins, anoint and soak them well in cold water, then take the berries of the sap greening tree, and being ripe about Michaelmas, take & stamp them, and so let them rest three or iiii. days, than put thereto of rain water a little, and then boil them with a soft fire, in stirring them still, then if ye will have it light green, put to but a little alum, & the sadder green put too the more alum in the boiling and boil it but a little, them ye may fold your skins in the midst, and rub him on both sides therewith, and then with a little powder of alum, then take ashes burnt of sheeps dung, and all over rub your said fells therewith on both sides, then rub him with the said colour again all over, so wash him with fair water and let him so dry, but finely wring him out, then spread him, and cast of the foresaid thin colour, all over the fell, and so let him dry, & it will be a fine colour.   

A slighter green with the sap berry.  
Let your skins be first anointed, & well washed, and so wrong forth, and then stretch them as the order is, then take of the same sap berries aforesaid, let them be stamped with roche alum & water, and a little boiled, and therewith give your skin a stroke or two all over, & then let it dry, then give him a colouring with yellow, made of the said berries, sod with alum water, and again of saffron, then let it dryé, and ye shall see a fair colour.   

Another green for skins.  
Your skins being anointed, washed and spread, ye colour him with the foresaid sap green, and put unto it a few wet ashes, and rub the fell all over therewith, & being washed and wiped again, strike him over with Indian colour, sod with roch alum, then let it dry, them strike him over with the foresaid yellow, and so ye shall have a fair excellent green colour.   

To die a crimson colour.  
Scrape hard soap, and so melt it in comen water, & put your silk in a linen or thin canvas bag, and so put it into the Kettle to the soped water, & let it boil softly half an hour space, but stir it oft for burning, then wash it in salt water first, and after in fresh water, for each pound of silk, take a pound or more of alum, laid sufficyente in cold water, and therein put your silk without the bag, and let it rest therein viii. hours, then take and wash it in fresh water, then wring it, & put it in the pan to the crimson colour, being well stamped & clean, take iiii. ounce, and boil it with so much water as will cover your silk four fingers above in water, and to each pound of crimson colour, put too three ounces of galls in fine pounder, or in steed thereof ye may put in half an ounce of Arsenic, which is not very wholesome because of the fume, nor the water thereof, and when it boileth put in your silk as afore prepared, & there let it boil a quarter of an hour, then wring it a little, and dry it in the shade, and so it will be fair.   

To die a black after the common sort of the country women.  
They take so much water as will cover the hose, or other cloth, but first they all to strike their hose or cloth, with swart of the grindstone, than they lay alder pills first in the bottom of the vessel, & thereon lay your cloth or hose, and then pills thereon again, then lay your hose thereon, & pills thereon again, & then cover all with water, so let them boil softly two hour's space, and turn your cloth often therein, then see if it be black enough, if not, take new swart, and pills, and use them as ye did at the first, and so boil them again till they be black, then scour and wash them out, and it is done. Some women do take (in steed of alder) plumtree pills, some black thorn, and some young oaken pills, and oak apples green, and so dies with them in like case, or the tender shewts of brachryers, or green walnut husks, all these are good in summer to die with.    

How to harden Jron and Steel, and also to soften, to sowder, and to gild.  

To make Iron or steel as fofte as copper.  
TAke a chalk stone unslect, with as much alum, first stamp the Alum very fine in a mortar, then take your chalk and mingle therewith, then spread it half a finger, or a finger thick, on a linen clout, and wrap your iron therein, which ye would have soft, and lay it in the midst of a fire, & there let it lie an hour or more, till the fire is out and be all cold of himself without any other thing done to it. Then shall ye take out your iron or steel, and it will be as soft as it were right copper in his hardness.   

Another way to soften.  
Another way for the same, take only a white fire turf, and lay your iron or steel in the midst thereof, and lay it in the fire, and let it lie there so long, till the fire do go forth, and wax cold of itself, then take it out, and it shall be as soft as need shall require.   

To make Iron soft.  
Take the water, or the juice of Rafany, which I take to be the Rape, than heat your iron hoce, and quench it therein, and it shall become soft again.   

Another way to make iron soft.  
Take of Soap ashes, and unslect lime, of either alike, then make a lie thereof, which lie ye shall strain nine times thorough a strainer, then take other iron or steel, and lay it therein one night, and it will be so soft ye may easily cut it, will ye then have it hard again, so quench it in cold water, and it shall wax hard again.   

Another way to make iron or steel soft.  
Take the yellow flowers of Marigolds, with the steel and blossom, stamp the flowers, and strain it thorough a cloth, and put that juice into a pot, then take the iron or steel that ye will make soft, and as red hot as ye can do sleek it in that juice, and it will be as soft as Copper.   

Another way to soften.  
Also take slecken and long worms out of the earth, of each alike, and a third part of salt, then take an earthen pot, and make it full of holes in the bottom like to a siue, then take the salt, and salt the worms into the pot. Then take another pot, and set it under that pot, then will that salt melt with the worms, and run into the other pot, and that in the under pot ye shall keep, then lay a stone on that pot, and make it to seethe well, and scum it so long as any scum will rise, then take it from the fire that it may cool, than scum that off above, then make your steel red hot as fire, and so quench therein, which iron or steel a man may bow like as it were copper: then to make it hard, heat it red hot, and quench it in cold water, and ye shall think it were fine steel.   

To make iron soft.  
Take an herb called in Latin, Vngula cabellina, it is a clote, called in English of some Colt's foot, or bulls foot, take and make a water thereof, and make your iron red hot, which ye will have soft, then quench it in the said water, and it shall become soft, that ye may use it for your purpose, and so harden it again as the other.   

Another way to soften.  
Take Slecken so called in duchy, and stamp it with strong wine Vinegar, then make your iron or steel red hot, that ye will have soft, and quench it in the said juice, and then it shall be soft like the other, and to make it hard again, wherein to quench with cold water as before.   

To make Steel or Crystal soft.  
Take of unquenched lime, with as much of soap ashes, & thereof ye shall make a lie after this manner, which is, ye shall strain it thorough a strainer ix. times, then take your steel or crystal, and lay it a night therein and a day, so it shall be very soft, if ye will have it hard again, so quench it in cold water as the other aforesaid.   

Another way to soften iron.  
Take your iron red hot, then quench it in linseed Oil, do this so often till ye shall perceive it to be soft enough, and another is, take the blood of Eels, and make your iron hot, and quench therein.   

Again to make iron soft.  
Take of clay, and lap it round about your iron with a wet cloth, then lay it in a hot fire of coals, or in a fire of white turfs, so let it lie till he cool by himself.   

Another to soften iron.  
Take the juice of an herb called in latin Marubium, in English Horehound, with the juice of gherwe, so called in duchy, which I take to be Henbane, and also the juice of Radish, and mix them with Aquavite, then quench therein: and when ye will have it hard again, then make it red hot as before, and quench it in cold water.   

To make iron as soft as lead.  
Take and make black flintes into a fine powder, and grind it well upon a painters stone, them put it in an iron pan, and make it red hot, then cast it on a marble stone, till it be nigh cold, and then again make it red hot, then let it cool, and grind it so long till it cleave to the stone and grynder like clay, than put that in a glass, and set it under the eaves of a house, where the sun cometh not nigh in the day, than the night after take out the water, that ye shall find in the glass above thereon, then take that powder, and grind it with the water, and put it in a stillatory, and let it still out the half, then reverse the water again upon the powder, and still it again with a soft fire, then take and seethe that water till the half be wasted, so done: then take some iron blade that is new broke in two, & put it together & hold it so a little while, then take of the water which was sod to the half, & with a feather lay it first on the one side of the blade, and when that water is cold, then lay it on the other side, and it will sowder fast with that water.  
And with this water ye may make steel as soft as lead, or butter, & to make thereof with tools, as in wax what ye list. Also this water is a sovereign thing to help the gout, if therewith it be anointed where the grief is, & it will soon remedy it. With this water ye may make letters on iron or steel, to write with a water thereon with your pen. Then after take of the unsodden water, and put thereto some saffron, and grind it together, and then draw thereon what ye will with other water, and so let it dry, which shall seem a fair colour like gold, thus ye may mix and grind any colour ye please with your sodden water, and it will show in like fair.   

To make Steel or iron soft.  
Take the juice of Hemloc, stamp and strain it, then put unto it of neats Oil, and so warm it, and being warm, make your iron or steel red hot, and quench therein, and then heat your iron again three or four times, and so quench therein, till ye see your iron become soft, and bow like lead, also ye may take oil, and drop into it molten lead three or four times, & therein quench your iron or steel also.   

To make iron or steel so soft that ye may easily wreathe it.  
Take the gall of a Bull, or of an Ox, and mix it with Vernice and piss, with the juice of Nettles, each of like quantity, then make your Steel or iron red hot, and so quench therein, and ye shall see experience.   

To make iron soft another way.  
Take Saluiter, Vitriol, in powder made and well beaten together: than ye shall distil them in a Lymbec of glass. Then take the said distylde water, and your iron which ye would have soft, lay it therein a day and a night, then take out your iron, and cover it in hot horse dongue, the space of fifteen days, then work therewith and ye shall see experience. Also in making your iron red hot, ye may quench it in Ox dongue, or Cow dongue mirt with honey, and Oil olive. Then heat it and so often, quench therein, and ye shall see it will be so soft, that ye may make or work with it at your pleasure.   

Another good way to soften iron.  
Take honey and scymme it clean, and then take of fresh new goats piss, a quantity of roche Alum, as much of Burras, also of Oil olive, and salt in like portion, then mix them all well together, and make your iron red hot, and so quench therein.  
Again, when ye would soften any iron or steel, first hold it over the flame of the fire till it be hot, them strike it over with suet or other grease, then hold it over the fire, and let it dry in, do so twice or thrice and it will be soft.  
Also take of horn and scrape it upon leather, and put thereto Salarmoniac, and piss thereon, then turn your iron thereon being hot, till it hath consumed your leather and stuff, and so it will be soft.  
Likewise take of Salarmoniac, of unsseet lime, of each like, of Venus' soap more than both the other, stur all well together, and lay your steel therein, and make it moist with Vinegar, so let it rest therein, four days, and work therewith, ye may use final pieces so, but for greater, take cow dongue, white of eggs, and clay, temper it with vinegar, and lay your steel therein.  
Another, take salt, wine stone, of each in like portion, temper it with clay altogether, and so lay your steel therein, & so lay it in the fire, the space of two hours, then take it forth, and let it cool of itself, and it will be soft.  
Again, take of soap and unsleked lime, of each in like portion, and of Salarmoniac somewhat less, and work & make a paste thereof, then lay your iron or steel therein, & so lap it round with clay, and lay it in the fire, and heat it red hot, and then take it forth and let it cool of itself, as the other aforesaid, and then ye may work thereof at your pleasure.   

A powder to soften metals.  
Take iiii. parts of looking glass, of galls, of other glass, of salt, of each one part, beat & mix them all well together, & three parts of that same powder, & i. part of your metal, and melt them together, and so use it as ye please.   

To make iron hard.  
To make iron hard, ye shall take the distilled water of vervain, and heat your iron red hot, and quench it therein, do thus viii. or ix. times, and ye shall see it very hard: also another, which is, take the green juice of Marubium, called in English horehound, with the juice of radish, mixed with some Aquavite, & your iron being red hot, quench therein or take the said horehound, and dry or burn it, and then make powder thereof, & mix it with much salt, & harden therewith.   

Another way to harden iron.  
Take of Antimonia, calamint and Coperose, beat each by himself to powder, and then strew thereof on your gloing iron, and so heat it again, and all to smear it with these powders again, then temper it with this juice following. Take the juice of Celondine, as much of the roots as blades, till x pound weight, and stamp them, and seethe the juice to six pound, and when ye will season any metal, quench in the said juice of Celidon, and it shall be hard.   

To harden hammers and knives.  
To harden all manner of edge tools, ye shall take horse dongue, and then make your Knives or other tools red hot, and so quench it therein, also to take the filings of iron or steel, and they will harden also, or take shoes and burn them till they be black, and make a powder thereof, and take of that powder, with the like quantity of salt, than straw it under and above your files, which shall be laid in a square iron, covered with a lid of iron, ye shall straw your powder thick thereon, and then shut it. This ye shall make red hot altogether in a hot fire, and quickly quench it in cold water, and so let it cool therein, and it will be good and hard.   

To harden another way all kind of tools.  
Take the juice of Pentasilon, that grows in heaths, which is a five leaved grass, called of some sink foil, with so much of the juice of Wormwood, keep this in a vessel of glass. Then take Pieren (so called in dutch) and stamp it and strain it thorough a cloth, and all too strike over with this, your iron being red hot, and as it drieth in, strike it so again, and it will make it hard.   

Another good to harden iron or steel.  
Take the juice of an herb, called Nigil Romana, in Latin it is called Melanthia, and make your iron red hot, and quench therein. Again, to make iron so hard that it will cut all other tools, make it red hot, and quench it in the juice of Mouse ear, which is called in Latin Pilocella.   

To harden iron so hard as steel.  
Take Snails, and the first drawn water of a red die of the which water being taken in the two first months of harvest, when it rains, than still it, or taken in the end of May, than heat your iron red hot, and quench it therein, and it shallbe as hard as steel.  
Also take Fimus humanus, the dongue of men, still it in a Lymbec, so that no water come thereunto it, and that it may be somewhat dry when ye still it, and take ye heed of his savour, the water ye shall distill twice in a new glass, in Balneo marry, that is, one glass within another in a pot of water.  
Ye may do the like, still men's blood of a man of thirty. years and of sanguine complexion, warm and moist, and being of a merry nature, and pleasant, and whole & sound of body, such a man to be let blood in the midst of his age, and that hath plenty of blood, distill of his in the midst of may or in May. And thus by proof, and also the water of man's dung, if it be well and rightly stilled, heat your iron glowing hot, and quench in that water, so it will make it as hard as steel. But if that water be not rightly styled, the iron will not harden therewith, but be as soft as it was before.   

To make iron or steel hard.  
Take the juice of vervain, called in Latin var bena, and strain it into a glass, and ye will quench any iron, take thereof, and put to of men's piss, and the distilled water of worms, so mix altogether, and quench therein so far as ye will have it hard, but take heed it be not too hard, therefore take it forth soon after, and let it cool of itself, for when it is well seasoned ye shall see golden spots on your iron.  
Also the common hardening of iron or steel, is in cold water, & snow water, so when the edge shall seem blue after his hardening, signifieth a good sign, and a right hardening.   

To make steel hard, and to cut well.  
Take an herb called ox tongue, or langdebefe, seethe it in water, both the roots and leaves, then make your iron or steel red hot, and quench therein and ye shall see experience. Also take the yelo flag, called in Latin spatula faetida, some do call it spurge wort, take with it vervain, of either like quantity, then seethe them together in fair water a good space, and then let them stand and clear till it be cold, than heat your iron or steel red hot, & quench therein.  
Ye may make mustard, and put vinegar unto it, and quench your metals therein. Also ye may take the juice of earth worms, with the juice of houseleek, beat them together, then strain them, and quench therein, or take of men's hear, and hear of beasts, and seethe them in water till the water wax reddish colour, them let it cool, strain it, and quench therein.  
Also some do quench in the juice of radish, & the juice of smallage, mixed together, and the fine powder of rosin, put therein, and therein quench your metals. Again: they take the juice of Vervin, and the juice of an herb called Dragon's blood, and of scraped horn, with half so much salt, the juice of earth worms, and the juice of radish, put all these together aforesaid, and therein quench your metals, this way aforesaid are very good to make your metals so hard as ye would desire, & make them whole, fair, and bright withal.   

To make iron hard without any cracks, clefts, or warpinges.  
Take first suet or tallow of a beast, and melt it, than put it in some pot, or some other vessel, whereas cold water is, and this molten suet must be a finger thick upon the said water, and when ye will harden any thing, ye must put it down softly thorough the suet, into the said water, and the quenching first in the suet, and then in the Water, it doth save it without crack, cleft, or warping.   

Another way to harden iron.  
Take the juice of Varuin, and take of land worms in the field, after the plough, or a nights in gardens, and put a pint of those worms into a leaded pot, then put unto a good handful of salt, than stur them well, and so there will come a water of them, and that water strained unto the water or juice of vervain, and when they be together, ye shall quench therein. This way is good for all weapons.   

A way to harden Pikeaxes, Files, or other tools.  
Take the juice of Radish, the juice of Cadloc, the juice of great worms, a quantity of goats blood, mix altogether, & your weapons being ground, quench therein, & likewise your iron, to make it hard. But to harden, mails, Ares, knives, and such, is to quench in the juice of radish, also men oft times to make files hard, do quench in linseed oil, or with scraped horn, or with goats blood.   

To harden tools to hue all other.  
Ye shall gather of field snails, or house snails, with their shells, then stamp them a little, and distill them in a Lymbec, and in that distilled water, harden your steel or iron, but if ye will have it very hard, ye shall take sand, and brimstone, and grind them together, and so strew it on your iron or steel being red hot, and then quench it in the said water, and they will be very hard.   

A way of hardening of Augars, Persars, and such like.  
Ye shall take of men's urine old and cold, with the juice of vervain, and the juice of worms, of each like quantity, than stur it well altogether, and so quench your metals therein, so far as ye will have it hard, then let it cool softly of itself, till ye see spots like gold rise thereon, then take it out of the said water, and they will be well.   

To set a colour or Varnish on iron.  
To varnish iron or steel, take the gall of a Calf (and your iron or steel being clean vernished,) take & strike with a cloth your gall thereon, and then let it dry in the sun, and it will show like a gold colour.   

To colour tin, or copper, or to colour the buckles of girdles, and such.  
Take of linseed oil so much as ye list, set it on the fire, and scymme it clean, then put therein of Amber, and of Alopaticum, in like portion, then beat and stir it well altogether, with the oil over the fire, till it wax thick, then take it from the fire and cover it close, than set it in the earth three days, and when ye list to occupy thereof, strike your metal all over therewith, and so let it dry as aforesaid in the Sun, and so ye shall have a golden colour.   

How to gild upon iron or steel.  
Take a quantity of wine stone, with as much Salarmoniac, and like of Verdegrece, and some salt, then seeth altogether in white wine, then strike all over your burnished iron or Steel, and let it burn in the sun as before, and ye may gyld thereon with comen gold as the order is: and so it will be fair and good.   

To gyld iron with a water.  
Take of water or running water, for three pound of water, take two pound of roche alum, and an ounce of vitriol Roman, and a penny weight of verdegreace, of salgemma three ounces, one ounce of Orpement, then boil all these together, and when it gins to boil, put in some lies of tartar, and bay salt, of every half an ounce, make it seethe, and being so a pretty while, take it from the fire, and then strike your iron therewith, then let it dry against the fire, and being dry, burnish it, and it will be fair.   

To gild gn iron another way.  
Take iiii. ounces of oil line, of Tartre or wine lies two ounces, and two ounces of the yolks of hard roasted eggs stamped, of Alio Cicotrinum one ounce, a quarter of a drachm of saffron, then boil all these in an earthen pot a good space, & if the oil of linseed cover not all that substance, put thereto sufficient of water, then anoint your burnished iron therewith, and it will show as the colour of gold.   

To cast a silver colour on copper for buckles of harness and such.  
Take of wine stone, of alum, and of salt of each like quantity, than grind them altogether on a painters stone, and put thereto a leaf or two of silver, and so grind it well with the rest of your stuff, so done, than put it in a leaded pot of earth, and therein put your copper a little while, so done, then scrape it with your wire brush, than ye shall see if it be well, if not, let it remain therein long, and so will it be fair.   

To gild iron as Goldsmiths do, with quick silver, and gold foil.  
Take vitriol i. ounce, alum two. ounce, salarmoniac i. ounce, than beat these into powder, and boil it in comen water, them take your burnished iron, & all to wet it with the said water, so then lay your goldfoyle thereon, & dry it against the fire, then burnish it as men do, & so it will look fair, but if ye will gylt with gold mixed with quickunluer, as goldsmiths do, ye shall put in a dram of verdigris, with half ounce of Sublimatum, so boil them together, & let your iron boil in the same water, but being so great ye cannot, then rub it therewith, & heat it to receive better the colour, with quick silver and gold, & when ye have so heated your iron, ye may gyld with the same gold so mixed and then fume it with a fire lamp, or brimstone, or wax.   

A good way to burnish iron.  
Take an ounce of Alopaticum citrinum, an ounce of Amber, then mix and beat them together into a powder, than set it over the fire of coals in a earthen pot, & make it not to hot at the first, but when it is melted, put thereto a quantity of seething oil, and stir it all well together with a stick, then let it rest, take it from the fire and cool, and so keep it, and with this ye may varnish at pleasure, as ye do other metals.   

To sowder on cold iron.  
Take two ounces of Salarmoniac, two ounces of salt, two ounce of wynestone made in powder, two. ounce of clock spice, so called in dutch, vi. ounces of looking glass, beat all these, and mingle them well together, then put them in a linen cloth, & lay it round, a finger thick with good clay, which clay must be well tempered. Then put them in a leaded pot of earth, & cover it with another like pot of earth, than set it softly on glowing coals, so let it softly warm, and by little & little increase your heat, till the said stuff be all glowing hot and run, so done, then let it cool from the fire, then take it forth and break it small, and so grind it to a fine powder, and when ye will sowder any iron, ye must make it fast on a board, and see that the joints be set close together as ye can, and first lay a paper under your iron, and put of the said powder a little betwixt the said joints, and also upon all the joints, then wrap it all round with clay, saving above, which ye shall leave open to sowder at, then take of the powder of Burras, and put it in wine luke warm, or Aquavite, and so let it melt therein, so done, take of the same wine, and with a feather strike on the joints above which ve uncovered, than it will begin to seethe, so when it leaveth seething, it is then whole soldered and sound, then being so, take of your clay, and such roughness as doth remain on the joints, which ye shall not file of, but grind it of, and thus it shall be well.   

Another way to sowder warm on iron or steel.  
Take of gum water, and beat therewith some herbs, which herbs, it shall not skill what, and make it thick as a past, and when ye will sowder any place, strike thereon, or lay it on the joint, then rub it thereon with soap, and then hold thereto a fire coal, and it will run. Then wash of the said dough, from the soldered place, and so it will be fair.   

To sowder on Copper.  
Take an ounce of Coperas, half an ounce of white Arsenic, which is called white Orpement, then make your Coper to run, and divide your Arsenic in two parts, than cast one part into your copper, and stir it well all together, and then cast in the other part of your Arsenic to your copper, and stir it well altogether, so done, cast it on a stone, and spread it thin, and when it is cold, beat it into a fine powder, and use it likewise, as the other before mentioned.   

To sowder on Latin.  
Ye must file your latin clean all over, than put the joints close together, and thereon scrape quickly your burras, so ye shall see it well and sure soldered.   

Another sowder to sowder on iron.  
Ye shall set your joints of iron as close as ye may, the one unto the other, then lay them so in glowing coals, and then take of Venus' glass, made in fine powder, and your iron being red hot in the fire, cast the powder of your glass thereon, and so it shall sowder of himself, and be very strong withal. And if ye clap it in clay as aforesaid ye shall not do amiss.   

Another good way to gild on iron or Steel.  
Take one ounce of Orgall, or Orgyrs, in dutch so named, with a third part of Vermilion, and a fourth part of Bolearmoniac, with as much of Aquavite, than work and grind them altogether on a stone with linseed oil, so done: put thereunto some of the stone called Lapis Calaminaris, the bigness of a hazel nut, and grind therewith in the end, three or four drops of Varnish, so take it off the stone, and strain it thorough a linen cloth into a stone pot, for it must be as thick as honey, so keep it, and strike it whereon ye list, and so let it dry, and then ye may lay your gold, or silver thereon, as aforesaid.   

A Varnish like gold, for tin, Silver, or buckles of copper.  
Ye shall have small pots well leaded, then put therein vi. ounces of linseed oil, one ounce of Mastic, an ounce of Aloepatieum citrium then make them altogether in fine powder, and then put them into your said oil, & cover it with such another pot, which pot above ye shall make a small hole in the bottom thereof, wherein ye shall put thorough a small stick, with a broad end beneath, to stur the other pot withal, and when the pots are set just together, one to the other, ye shall close than all about with good clay, and cover them all over also, in leaving but the hole open above, with the stick to stir the other pot, so done, set them over the fire, in stirring it oft, as it doth seethe, like painter's varnish and when ye will gild therewith, poollishe your metal first all over, and then strike the varnish all over thereon, and then let it dry in the sun, if it lie too thin, strike it over again so often as ye shall think good, and so let it dry betwixt your striking and then ye shall see it will do well.   

A way to grave on iron or steel, or other kind of weapons.  
Take coal of a will or sallo, two parts of Vitriol or Copares, two parts of Salarmoniac, work and beat all these together well with Vinegar, and make it thick like broth, and when ye will eat or grave any thing withal, draw first thereon with this thing following. Take Vermilion, & linseed oil mixed all together, then dry it, & late it over with your past a finger thick or more, and the warmer it is, the sooner it will grave and eat, but see too it, it burn not, and when it is dried well, do off the said powder, and cleanse the casting out, then take two parts of spanish green, called verdigris and a part of salt, them beat them together in a mortar, and put unto it strong vinegar, and do as it is abovesaid, or take Vitriol, Alum, salt, Lapis calamynaris, vinegar, and sallo coal, and make it as the other aforesaid, or take two parts of vitriol, and a third part of salarmoniac, and grind them well all together on a stone with urine or piss, than lay it on as it is aforesaid, but ye must lay it cold on, and set it then four or five hours in a seller, or low cool place, for it will be the better.   

A water to eat or grave on iron or steel.  
Take of verdigris, of Mercury sublime, of vitriol, & of Alum, of each a like, then beat them small, & so put it into a glass, so let it stand half a day, & stir it often, then strike it all over with wax, or yellow lead, mixed with linseed oil, or liisen smout, so called in dutch, and strike thereon with the water in the glass, & let it stand half a day, but if ye writ or lay thin that the water may eat it the sooner, which ye shall cover all the iron or steel thin with wax, and to draw thereon what ye list with a pencil in the wax, unto the ground, then strike your water all over, and so it shall eat on your graven places, or lay thereon Mercury sublimatum in your graven places, and put thereunto vinegar, and so let it rest half an hour after, and it will do well.   

Another water to eat on iron or steeele more stronger.  
Take an ounce of verdigris, half an ounce of Alum Plumosum, and half an ounce of Salarmoniac, as much of wynestone, and half an ounce of Vitriol, and as much of common salt, let all be small beaten, & so put together, & put thereto of sharp vinegar, & so let it stand an hour, and when to grave or eat any thing therewith, it must be first graven, & ye shall write with Liifen smout, or yellow colour, then let it dry, and then make your foresaid water hot in a leaded pan, and let it stand over the fire, and hold your iron and steel over the pan, and pour of that hot water thereon with a ladle, that the rest may fall again into the foresaid pan, thus must ye do still a good quarter of an hour, & this doing, the take ashes or unssect lime & rub it, & look, of that ye would have eaten, if it be clean or not, if not, draw it again with your yelo matter, & then pour on your said water, and so ye shall have it well.   

To lay gold upon iron or other metal.  
Take of liquid varnish i. li. of Turpentine and oil of linseed, of each i. ounce, then mix them well altogether, and so reserve it, on this ground ye may gild upon any metal.   

Another way to gild on iron.  
Take of bolearmoniac, & white gum, of each one ounce, them put it into a pot of earth well leaded, & let it seethe therein softly with a fire of coals, & put therein two ounces of linseed oil, & when it doth rope like a thread, it is then a sign it is enough sod, with which ye may use to gild as is afore declared, by these and such practices in metals, ye may find out the like of other hereafter.   

A water to eat on metals.  
Take an ounce of Saltpetre, an ounce of coperose, beat them together, and put them into a double glass, & distil a water thereof, then take yellow or red wax, and spread it thin as paper on what metal ye will, or weapon, then draw thereon to the ground with a pencil of steel or other, then all to strike it over the drawn places with the said water distyld, so let it remain xxiiii. hours, which water will eat on your iron or steel sufficiently. The like way ye may do with other sort of metals.    
Finis.  

The table of all the principal things in this Book.  

A.  
AZure colour to work on. 39  
Azure another to work with. 39   

B.  
Black dye after the country manner. 58  
Black silk to die fair. 24  
Black silk or Velvet to die. 53  
Black water to die withal. 37  
Black spanish leather to die. 48  
Black silk to die. 53  
Black thread to die. 54  
Blue colour to make. 39  
Blue linen to die. 33  
Bran water to make, 22  
Brazil to die a red. 30  
brazil colour to work on cloth. 35  
Buckram to die blue. 35  
Buccking of linen clothes to scour well. 9   

C.  
Carnation die to make. 26  
Cloth stained to help. 1  
Crampmede to make red. 36  
Crane colour Fustian to die. 11  
Crimosine colour to make. 57  
Currying of raw goats skins. 55  
Colouring of Tin, Copper, and such. 71   

D.  
Dying a fair yellow. 32  
Dying linen red. 21  
Dying with facet woad or willow woad. 27  
Dying after the country sort. 58   

F.  
Fels how to die red. 43  
Fels how to dress with gold. 42  
Fels to colour green. 44  
Fels how to curry and colour raw. 55  
Fels how to die blue. 55  
Fels how to die with Madder. 56  
Fels how to die a fair green. 56  
Fustian to die in a grey. 57  
Fels how to die green with sap berries. 52   

G.  
Gowns spotty to help. 5  
Gold kept from staining. 9  
Gylding on Leather. 50  
Gyld on iron or steel. 71  
Gylding another way  
Gylding on iron with quicksilver. 72  
Gilding another way on iron or steeele. 75  
Graving on iron, steel, or other weapons. 76  
Graving with a water on iron or steel. 77  
Gilding another way on iron. 78  
Gold laying on iron or steel. 78  
gray Florey how to make. 37  
Grease to take out of Velvets or silks. 17  
Grey thread how to die. 54  
Green to die fair. 24  
green another colour to make. 25  
Green water how to make. 31  
green a good colour to make. 46  
green another to make.  
Green with sap berries to make. 57   

H.  
Hard iron to make. 65  
Hardening of iron another way.  
Hammers and Knives and other tools to harden. 66  
Hardening of all tools of iron. 66  
Hardening of steel or iron.  
Hardening of iron as hard as steel. 67  
Hardening of iron another way.  
Hardening of steel to cut well. 68  
Hardening of iron without crack or warp. 69  
Hardening another good way.  
Hardening of axes, files, and other edge tools 69  
Hardening of tools to hue all other. 70  
Hardening of awgars, persars, and such. 70   

I.  
Iron moules to take forth of linen. 6  
Iron moules out of Linen another way. 7  
Iron or steel to soften. 59  
Iron another way to soften. 59  
Iron to soften with a water. 59  
Iron to soften another way. 60  
Iron or steel to soften. 60  
Another way to soften iron. 60  
Another way for the same. 61  
Another softening of iron. 61  
Iron, steel, or Crystal to soften. 61  
Another way to soften iron. 61  
Another way for the same. 62  
Iron to make soft as lead. 62  
Iron or steel to soften. 62  
To soften Iron, easily to cut it. 63  
Iron to soften another way. 63  
Another good way to soften iron. 64  
Iron how to varnish and colour. 64   

K.  
Keeping of Linen long and good. 1●   

L.  
Leather how to gyld on. 43  
Leather how to die red. 42  
Leather to die red another. 42  
Leather how to colour green. 44  
Leather how to colour a blue. 44  
Leather another fair blue. 55  
Leather to dress after the manner of germany 46  
Leather fells all white to make. 47  
Lie to make to die a blue. 50  
Lie to make to take out spots. 4  
Linen to die in a fair red. 20  
Linen to preserve with a sweet water. 12  
Linen how to die with brasil.  
Another fair dye with brasil. 31  
Linneu to die with brasil another way. 34   

M.  
Mougths to keep from clothes. 11  
Moles of iron to take forth of linen. 6   

O.  
Oil spots to take out of clothes. 6  
Oil spots another way to take out of    

P.  
Parfumes to make for clothes. 4  
Parchment spotty to help. 7  
Paper spotty to cleanse. 8  
Powder to make to soften metals. 65  
Purple silk to die. 24  
Purple sad colour to die. 55   

Q.  
Quoyes' of silk to colour red. 23   

R.  
Red silk how to die. 37  
Red water how to make. 38  
Red to die with brasil. 38  
Red light die for skins. 40  
Red colour fair to make. 44  
Another fine red to make. 44  
Red leather how to colour. 45  
Red to die a fair colour. 47  
Red thread to die. 20   

S.  
Scarlet greasy to help. 1  
Scarlet with spots to help. 6  
Sanguine dye fair to make. 39  
Shirts to wash for staining. 13  
Silk losing colour to help. 52  
Silk how to die a fair black. 53  
Silk how to die in a sanguine. 23  
Silk stained how to help. 1  
Soap to take forth grease spots. 2  
Soap against spotty woollen to help. 15  
Soap another for the same. 15  
Soap to take out oil and grease. 5  
Soap water to help all spots. 6  
Spots or stains in clothes to help. 16  
Spots in white silk or other colour to help. 16  
Spots in coloured clothes or others. 2  
Spots of grease to take forth. 3  
Spots to take out of clothes. 8  
Spots in woollen to take forth. 8  
Sponging of woollen cloth fair. 10  
Spots in woollen a ready help. 12  
Silver colour on copper for buckles. 72  
Sowdering cold on iron. 73  
Sowdering iron another way, 75  
Sowdering on warm iron or steel. 74  
sowdering on copper. 74  
Soudering on Latin. 74  
Stains in linen to remedy. 8  
Stains on silk or woollen to help. 12  
Stained clothes with wine or vinegar to help. 14   

T.  
To colour Leather black after the order of Germany. 46   

V.  
Varnish like gold, for silver, tin, or Copper. 75  
Varnish on iron to make. 73  
Velvet being spotty to help. 6  
Velvet to die in a black. 36  
Velvet how to die black or silk. 52   

W.  
Water to work on yellow or other colours. 38  
Water to eat on iron or steel. 77  
Water another to eat on metals. 77  
War to take from clothes. 14  
Woollen to die in a sanguine. 28  
Woollen cloth to die in colours. 29  
Woollen green yearn to die. 29   

Y.  
Yellow to die fair. 32  
Yellow to die it fair. 19  
Yellow a golden colour to die. 51  
Yellow fells how to colour. 54  
Yellow dye to die with woad. 19  
Yellow to work on with red water. 38   
FINIS.