AN ABRIDGEMENT OF Military Discipline, For the Use of His Majesty's Forces in the Kingdom of Scotland.  
By His Majesty's special Command.   royal blazon or coat of arms 
I R  HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE 
EDINBURGH, Printed by the Heir of Andrew Anderson, Printer to His most Sacred Majesty, Anno Dom. 1686.   

WHITEHALL, April 30. 1686.  
THis is the Book of Exercise, Ordered to be Printed, as the Rule for Exercising His Majesty's Forces in His Ancient Kingdom of Scotland.  
MELFORT.   

AN ABRIDGEMENT OF Military Discipline, For the use of His Majesty's Forces in the Kingdom of Scotland.  

WHen a Regiment or several Companies are Commanded to draw out, It is necessary that the Major and Adjutant (or at least the Adjutant) be there to give each Company its due Post. The eldest on the Right, the second on the Left, so till the Youngest come into the Centre. And all Companies (and Bodies of Men) are to draw up at first at the same Order they march at, both in Rank and File, the single Companies observing to leave room for the Sergeants and Drums to stand on the Right and Left of each Company.  
Before you form your Battalions, remember always to draw out the odd Men from every Company, Forming a Rank in Opposition at Fifty Paces distance from the Head of each Company, thereby to have no broken Files, which is much the better and quicker way to complete your Files, then after your Battalions are form.  
When your Companies are thus disposed, the most ready way to Form a Battalion, is by these words of Command.  
Have a care to Form the Battalion.  
Musketeers to the Right and Left outwards.  
Pikes to the Right and Left inwards.  
March, interchanging Ground.  
When Pikes and Musketeers Interchange Ground the first Rank of Pikes pass before the first Rank of Musketeers. And it is always to be observed, That (after any Command for moving) no Man stir before the Word of Command, March, be given, thereby to make them all move together.  
When they have thus changed Ground, they are not to Face to their Leaders till the word of Command be so given. At which time they are then in Battalia, but at close Order in File. And now it is to be observed that the Officers are no more limited to their particular Companies, but are all concerned in the whole. He that Commands, is to see how many Sergeants there are present, and dispose of them in this following manner, Viz. If a Battalion consist of Eight, or Ten Companies, or more; And the Companies have each Two Sergeants, and Three Corporals, (who are designed to do Sergeant's Duty) It is necessary to place two on each Rank to the Right and Left, and the rest in the Rear; But if the number of Sergeants be fewer, than there can be but one to each Rank, on the Right and Left: The remainder always to be in the Rear, making a Rank parallel to the Soldiers at Three Paces distance from the last Rank.  
The Sergeants being placed in this manner: The Drums are to be disposed of, one half on the Right, and the other on the Left, Ranging directly with the first Rank of the Soldiers, unless there be many Drums, and the Ground Straight; And then they are to be form into Two Ranks, on the Right and Left, to range with the Two first Ranks of the Soldiers; And they are always to have their Drums slung, unless Commanded to the contrary.  
The Oboes to be on the Right of the Drums, which are on the Right of the Battalion, ranged in the same Rank with them.  
The Commission-Officers are to take their Posts at the head of the Battalion as the Colours are drawn. But the more particular placing of the Officers will be directed hereafter.  
Now it is to be observed, That though the Files are still at their close Order, the Ranks are to have their Distance of Twelve large Feet, which the Sergeants are to be very diligent and active to see kept very even.  
The Officer in Chief is to place himself before the Centre of the Pikes, about forty Paces from them, the better to observe what is done; And that he may be more easily understood by the whole Body. He is to be on Horseback.  
The Words of Command are to be given leisurely, that the Soldiers may have time to perform the Exercise without confusion. And above all, Silence is to be kept very strictly. And the first Word of Command before you begin the Exercise, is Silence.  
When every thing is thus disposed, The next Word of Command is Files, Open to the Right (〈…〉 Le●t) to your Order. March.  
At which Word every individual man turns to the Hand named, and after a little pause, t●● Sergeants on the Flank lead t●● Ranks (which are the● Files directly forward, as slow as possible, by the least Steps they 〈◊〉 make, with their Halberds Advanced, the Iron upwards; observing always for a Rule, To mind the Front, that is, If they move to the Right, every man is to observe his Left hand man. And if they move to the Left, his Right hand man.  
Assoon as the last man but one of the first Rank stirs his Foot, They are to be commanded all to Halt. And no man is to stir after that Word.  
In this manner of Opening of Files, no man is to stir till his ●eader be Four foot from him; ●nd then to move and keep at ●hat Distance, which will make ●hem Three foot distance from ●ach other, when Faced to the Proper Front.  
Assoon as they are commanded to Halt, The next Word of Command is To your Leader.  
The Captains and Lieutenants are to carry their Pikes Comported always when they move to the Right or Left, and the Colours to be Advanced. The Sergeants are to be very mindful to keep the Ranks even, and at Twelve large feet distance, and the Files at Three. And for the better keeping Files straight (after they are Opened to their Order) every man is to look to his Right and Left hand man, and to see that he has an equal distance from both, especially the File, leaders, by whom all the rest are governed.  
The next thing is to Draw the Officers from the Front of the Battalion to the Rear, which is done by these Words of Command: Have a Care of the Exercise.  
At which Word of Command the Musketeers are to pull off their Right hand Gloves, and put them under their Girdles.  Officers, take your Posts of Exercise in the Rear. March. 
Which is to be done by the Officers Facing to the Right about, The Captains marching at a good round pace in one Rank and the Lieutenants and Colours in another, Two paces behind the Captains, who as well as the Lieutenants are to carry their Pikes Advanced.  
When they are come into the Rear, the Lieutenants and Ensigns are to be in one Rank, Eight paces from the Sergeants, And the Lieutenants and Ensigns Eight. The Captains being from the last Rank of Soldiers Thirteen paces, and the Lieutenants and Colours Eleven.  
At the same Word of Command or Signal for the Officers to take their Posts of Exercise in the Rear, Six Sergeants of those that are Posted in the Rear are to March through the Intervals of the Files into the Front and Post themselves Forty six paces from the first Rank of Soldiers, that is, Six paces advanced before the Commander in Chief, where they are to Range themselves so as to make a parallel Line with the Battalion, and to keep the Front clear and undisturbed. And at the same Word of Command, the Pikemen are to join their Left hands to their pikes even with their Shoulders.  
Now the Musketeers being Shouldered, and the Pikes Advanced, Silence being Commanded, and none to Speak but the Officer in Chief, He is to proceed as followeth.  
Order your Pikes.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right.  
To the Right about.  
As you were.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left.  
To the Left about.  
As you were.   

Exercise of the .  
Musketeers, Have a Care to the Exercise, and carry your Arms well.  
Lay your Right hands on your Musket's  
Poise your Muskets.  
Rest your Muskets.  
Cock your Muskets.  
Guard your Muskets.  
Present.  
Fire.  
Recover your Arms.  
Half-bend your Muskets.  
Clean your Pans.  
Handle your Primers.  
Prime,  
Shut your Pans.  
Blow off your lose Corns  
Cast about to Charge.  
Handle your Chargers  
Open them with your Teeth.  
Charge with Powder.  
Draw forth your Scowrers.  
Shorten them to an Inch.  
Charge with Bullet.  
Ram down Powder and Ball.  
Withdraw your Scowrers.  
Shorten them to a handful.  
Return your Scowrer.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Order your Muskets.  
Pikemen take heed.  
Advance your Pikes.  
To the Front. Charge.  
To the Right. Charge.  
To the Right. Charge.  
To the Right. Charge.  
To the Right. Charge.  
To the Right about, Charge.  
As you were. Charge.  
To the Left. Charge.  
To the Left. Charge.  
To the Left. Charge.  
To the Left. Charge.  
To the Left about. Charge.  
As you were. Charge.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Shoulder your Pikes.  
Charge to the Front.  
As you were.  
Charge to the Right  
As you were.  
Charge to the Right about.  
As you were.  
Charge to the Left.  
As you were.  
Charge to the Left about.  
As you were.  
Port.  
Comport.  
Charge to the Front.  
Trail.  
Charge as you were.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Musketeers take heed.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Musketeers make ready.  
At which time the Musketeers are to perform distinctly every Posture of the Musket together, and being ready, (which is understood to be Cocked,) they are to guard them with their Thumb on the Cocks, and to bring up their Muskets straight before them, their left hands the height of their mouths.  
And the Pikemen at the same Word of Command (Make ready) are to bring their Pikes straight before them also to the Recover, their left hands the height of their mouths. Both Pikemen and Musketeers always observing whenever they Recover their Arms before them, t● bring their right heels to their le●● insteps. And when the Pike● Charge, and the Muskets Rest, t● fall back with their right feet in 〈◊〉 direct Line. The Pikemen and Musketeers are to take care to bring down their Pikes and Musk●ets together very quick, especially the Pikes with a jerk, as i● they were to strike with them, Observing to bring the Pikes down at a convenient distance from one another's breasts to prevent clattering, and to close them to their breasts after they are Charged. They must also observe to bring them up straight before them as quick before they turn, which keeps the Arms from clashing one against another.  
In all Face the Soldiers must keep their Left Heels very firm and fixed.  
Charge  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right about Charge.  
As you were Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left about Charge.  
As you were Charge.  
Recover your Arms.  
Half-bend your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
At which time the Pikem● are to bring their Pikes from ●ing Recovered before them● their Right Thighs to their Advance.  Poise your Muskets. 
At which word of Comma●● the Pikmen are to join th● Left Hands to their Pikes ev●● with their Shoulders.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes to your inside Order  
Lay down your Arms.  
Quit your Arms.  
To the Right about. March.  
When they are Clear of th● Officers in the Rear they are to disperse, and at the Beat of Dru●● to draw their Swords and run to their Arms with an Huzza, observing to keep the points of their Swords upright.  
Return your Swords.  
Handle your Arms.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes to your Outside Order.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Officers, take your Posts at the Head of the Battalion. March.  
At which time the Officers are to March back in the same Method to the Front of the Battalion as they went from it. The Six Sergeants likewise that Advance from the Rear, are to return th● there to their Posts.  
Memorandum, At any time whatever, when the Soldiers have laid down their Arms and quitted them, upon Beating the Drums they are all to draw their Swords and run to their Arms with an● Huzza.  
Observing always, to keep the points of their Swords upright for fear of mischief.   

The Exercise of a Battalion having Match-Lock Muskets.  
The Musketeers being Shouldered and the Pikes Advanced.  Have a Care of the Exercise. 
At which time the Musketeers are to pull off their Right hand Gloves and put them under their Girdles.  Officers, take your Posts of Exercise in the Rear. March. 
At which word of Command the Pikemen are to join their Left hands to their Pikes even with the top of their Shoulders.  
Order your Pikes.  
Lay down your Matches.  
To the Right. Four times.  
To the Right about.  
As you were.  
To the Left. Four time●…  
To the Left about.  
As you were.  
Lay your Right hands o● your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Rest your Muskets.  
Handle your Match.  
Blow your Match.  
Cock and try your Match●…  
Guard your Pans. Bringing your Musket's Recovered befor● you.  
Blow your Match.  
Present, and open your Pans.  
Fire.  
Recover your Arms.  
Return your Match.  
Clean your Pans.  
Handle your Primers.  
Prime.  
Shut your Pans.  
Blow off your lose Corns.  
Cast about to Charge.  
Handle your Chargers.  
Open them with your teeth.  
Charge with Powder.  
Draw forth your Scowrers.  
Shorten them to an Inch.  
Charge with Bullet.  
Ram down Powder and Ball.  
Withdraw your Scowrers.  
Shorten them to a handful.  
Return your Scowrers.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Order your Muskets.  
Then followeth the Exercise of the Pike being exactly the same with that before in the Exercise of the .   

Exercise of the Pike, and Match-Lock-Musket together.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Musketeers, make ready.  
At which time the Musketeers must leisurely and distinctly perform every Posture of the Musket together, and being ready they bring up their Muskets straight before them, with their Two Fore-fingers guarding their Pans, the height of their Mouths, and bringing their Right Heels to their Left Insteps. The Pikmen at the same word of Command (Make ready) are to bring their Pikes before them to their Recover, Their Right Heels also to their Left Insteps, the Butt-end of their Pikes in the Palm of their Hands, and are to Charge as the Musketeers Rest their Arms, and Face as the Musketeers Face.  
Charge  
To the Right Charge. Four times  
To the Right about. Charge  
As you were Charge.  
To the Left Charge. Four times  
To the Left about. Charge.  
As you were Charge.  
Recover your Arms.  
Return your Match.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
At which time the Pikemen bring their Pikes to the Advance from the Recover.  Poise your Muskets. 
At which time the Pikemen join their Left Hands to their Pikes even with the top of their Shoulders.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes, to your Inside Order.  
Lay down your Arms.  
Quit your Arms.  
To the Right about.  
March.  
Assoon as clear of the Officers the Rear, They are to disperse, upon the Drums Beating the Preparative, They are all to draw their Swords and run to their Arms with an Huzza, Carrying the points of their Swords upright. And when they come to their Arms, they are to stand with their Swords Poised before them as they do their Muskets.  
Return your Swords.  
Handle your Arms.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes to your Outside Order.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Take up your Match.  
Officers, take your Posts at the Head of the Battalion.  
March.   

Directions for the Postures i● Exercising the  Musket.  
In Exercise both of Pike an● Musket, the feet are to be at 〈◊〉 moderate distance: for if they a● too wide asunder, or too near together, it weakens; And in the●● Exercise they must be sure to kee● the left heel fast, and to set the●● feet right, or else they can neve● handle their Arms as they ought.  Lay your right hand on your Musket. 
Turn the Barrel toward you, the Lock uppermost; and lay your right hand (your fingers extended) just behind the lock, close the Buttend of your Musket to your shoulder, that the Muzzles may be all of a height.  Poise your Musket. 
Grasp your Musket hard, facing to the Right with a quick motion upon your left heel, keeping your Musket directly before you, the height of your Crevat, your right elbow on your side, your feet neither too near, nor at too great a distance; but so, that by turning the point of your left toe to the front, and that of your right as you face, your left heel being exactly against the middle of your right foot, you are in the posture for resting, which is the reason of Facing to the Right, that you may be in a readier p●sture to rest; but when you inte●● to Shoulder, or Order from Poi● you keep faced to the Front. At that the Soldiers may never m● take, they are to take it for a general Rule, That they are ne● to face to the Right in Poising, 〈◊〉 when the Word of Command given before to lay their rig●● hands on their Muskets. At a● times when they Poise, they a● to keep their Muskets direct before their noses, but not 〈◊〉 arms end extended, but to let the right elbows rest upon their bodies, which makes the Muske● more on a direct Line, and 〈◊〉 much easier for the men to ho●● them.  Rest your Musket. 
Let your Musket sink down to your left hand, that arm hanging as low as may be without stooping with your body, and receive the Musket into it just where the Scowrer enters into the Stock; Be sure your hand touch no part of the barrel; the Musket is to be held but a little sloping from perpendicular half a foot from your side. Be sure to let your left arm hang down free as low as you can without stooping (and not hug your Musket up above your waste as was used formerly) keeping the right hand upon your Musket behind the lock, your singers extended.  Cock your Musket. 
Place your right Thumb upon the Cock, and your fingers behind the Trigger, and with the help of closing it to your thigh, you cock it, keeping it still rested with your thumb upon the Cock.  Guard your Musket. 
Keeping your Thumb upon the Cock, and your fingers behind the Trigger, you bring up your Musket with a very quick motion straight before you to the Recover, your left hand as high as your mouth, about half a foot from it without stooping. Let not your Musket sink, but keep it at the height: Always observing when they bring up their Muskets before, (which is Recovering the Musket) to bring their right heels to their left insteps; And be sure to have a care of tossing the Muzzel of the Musket backwards, but keep it straight upright perpendicular.  Present. 
Fall back with your Right foot, so that the left heel be against the middle of it, raising the Buttend of your Musket to your shoulder; That is, between your breast and your right shoulder, which locks it fast; but little of the Buttend to appear above the shoulder, your right elbow not at all, or very little higher than your Piece, having your fingers ready to pull the Trigger, y● must bend your left knee, an● keep the right very stiff, you● Piece must be leveled breast high, and no higher.  Fire. 
Let them be sure to draw the●● Trigger at one motion, keeping their bodies very steady, ta●king aim and their Musket's fa●● to their shoulders, till they have the Word of Command to Recover their Arms.  Recover your Arms. 
Sink the Buttend of your Musket till you hold it perpendicular in both hands, the left hand as high as your mouth, and the right under the Cock. Bring up your Musket always (when you recover it before you) with a very quick motion, bringing up the right heel to the left instep.  Half-bend your Musket. 
Falling back with the right leg● Rest your Muskets together, and laying their right Thumbs upon the Cock, and their fingers behind their Triggers, with the help of closing them to their thighs, they Half-bend, which done, they place their right hands behind the Lock, keeping them rested, their fingers extended.  Clean your Pan. 
Pressing the ball of your thumb into your Pan, you wi●● it; having done that, you ho● your right hand behind the Lo● again of your Musket, that eve●● Posture may appear the better.  Handle your Primer. 
The great end of it to t●● back of your hand, between yo●● thumb and forefinger, your an● backwards.  Prime. 
At which time they levelly the●● Muskets to be exactly upon a● Line, not one Muzzel highe● then another, putting in a proportionable quantity of Powder at the side of the Pan, and not on the top, keeping their left toes directly to the front.  Shut your Pan. 
With your two first fingers, At this Word Casting back your Primer, bring up your right heel to your left instep, and your Musket straight up before you, recovered with the Barrel towards you, your left hand always as high as your mouth, and with a very quick motion; your Thumb on the top of the steel.  Blow off your Lose Corns. 
Be sure to blow all together at one strong blast, bringing your Pan up to your mouth, standing upright, and not putting your mouth down to your Pan. Cast out your arms after your blast, not letting your Muske● sink from the Posture 'twas i● before.  Cast about to Charge. 
You advance with your Righ● Leg turning your Musket th● Barrel downwards, so bringing i● to your Left side a little back war● in your Left hand, be sure none of your fingers touch the Barrel. The Right foot is to have the To● directly to the Front as if yo● were to Fence, your Right hee● being over against the middle of the Left foot, balancing your Muskets in the Left hand, the Muzzles directly to the proper Front half a foot from your body all of a height, and your Right hand joined to the Muzzel of your Muskets, your Thumb ex●ended to the side of the Barrel.  Handle your Charger. 
With a full Grip hold it even with the Muzzel of your Musket about an Inch from it underneath your Musket.  Open it with your Teeth. 
Bring it up to your Mouth standing upright with your Head and not to bring your Head down to it: Assoon as you have done this, bring the Charger within an Inch of the Muzzel underneath, as before, and Cover the Mouth of your Charger with the Ball of your Thumb.  Charge with Powder. 
When you have put the Powder into the Barrel, you hold your Charger again underneath your Musket as before.  Draw forth your Scowrer. 
You are to let fall your Charger and turn your Hand, your little finger next the Muzzle and draw it at Three Motions, being drawn, dart it, That is, hold it levelly the height of your Eye, your Arm extended.  Shorten it to an Inch. 
Turn the great end of your Scowrer towards you, and slip your Hand till without an Inch of the End, letting it rest against your Body a little below your Right breast sloped all of a height.  Charge with Bullet. 
Take the Bullet out of your Mouth putting it into the Barrel and then put the great End of the Scowrer after it just into the Muzzel of the Piece, and so stand till the next word of Command.  Ram down Powder and Ball. 
With a full Grasp, your Thumb and Forefinger from the Muzzel, your Thumb on the top of the Scowrer, keeping a handful of the Scowrer in your Hand.  Withdraw your Scowrer. 
Turn your Hand, your Thumbs and Forefinger towards the Muzzel, and when your Scowrer is clear, which is to be done at Three Motions, dart again as before.  Shorten it to a Handful. 
Turn the small end of your Scowrer to your Breast and slip your Hand till within an Handful of the end of it, holding it to your Body, a little below your Right breast sloped till the word of Command.  Return your Scowrer. 
Replace it in the Stock of your Musket pressing it down with your Thumb, and then without any word of Command grasp the Muzzel of your Musket with your Right hand, your Thumb straight out upon the Scowrer, keeping your Musket clear from your side some half a foot, the Muzzles all of a height directly to the Front.  Poise your Musket. 
Bring up your Musket before you with your Left hand, and falling with your Right Leg even to your Left, grasp your Musket with your Right hand under the Cock, and poise straight before your Nose (keeping Faced to the Front) letting your Right Elbow Rest upon your Body.  Shoulder your Musket. 
As formerly.  Poise. 
As before.  Order. 
Sink your Right Hand a little, Take hold of the Stock with your Left Hand upon the place where the Scowrer goes into the Stock, then sinking that hand, take hold of the Muzzel with your Right Hand, and let the Buttend easily sink near the ground, where you make a little stop so that the Muskets may come to the ground all together, your Musket all this while perpendicular, and your Thumb at last straight out on the Side of the Muzzel, being set down to the ground all together that it seem but one Thump. Place the Buttend close to the Right Foot about the middle of it, your Right Hand an Inch below the Muzzel, the lock from your Body.  Lay down your Musket. 
Turn your Musket with the Lock upwards, and stepping forwards with your Left Leg and Right Hand, lay it on the ground in a very straight Line. You must never lay down or handle your Musket but with one hand, viz. the Right Hand.  Quit your Musket. 
Fall back with your Left Leg even to your Right, and stand up.  Handle your Musket. 
Stepping forward with your Left Leg, lay your Right Hand near the Muzzel of your Musket.  Order your Musket. 
Lift up the Muzzel of your Musket, and fall back with your Left Leg even to your Right, turning the Lock of your Musket outwards by the middle of your Foot.   

Directions for the Postures in Exercising the Pike.  
Pikemen take heed.  
Advance your Pikes.  
Lift up your Pike in a direct Line near your side with your Right Hand, as high as you can well reach, and take it with your Left Hand, as low as you can, your fingers straight out, and with that Hand Raise it till the Buttend comes into your Right Hand, then place it between your Breast and your Shoulder, And be sure to keep the Buttend close to your Thigh which keeps your Pikes upright.  To the Front. 
Lay your Left Hand on your Pike even with the top of your Shoulder, your Fingers straight out, and bring the Pike right before you with a quick motion, at the same time drawing in your Right Heel to your Left Instep. Be sure to keep your Pike straight upright which will be done best by putting your Right Hand well from you.  Charge. 
Fall back with your Right Leg, so that the Heel of your Left Foot may be directly against the middle of your Right Foot. Bring down your Pike extreme quick with a jerk, as if you were to strike one with it, and Charge Breast high, your Left Elbow under your Pike to Support it, yielding your Body forwards, and bending your Left Knee that you may stand the firmer and with more ease, always observing to hold the Buttend of your Pike in the Palm of your hand, and your Left Toe pointing directly with the Spear of your Pike, your Feet at a convenient distance, neither too far asunder nor too near, that you may stand strong.  
Of all things you must look that your Feet are set right, or else you can never handle your Arms as you ought. 'Tis to be observed in charging your Pike to bring it down at some distance from one another's Breast so to prevent Clattering, And to Close it to your Breast after it is Charged.  To the Right. Four times. 
Turn your Left Toe to the Right, Bring up your Right Heel to your Left Instep, and your Pike Recovered straight before you with as quick a Motion as in Charging, then having turned fall back with your Right Leg as before. Charge as before.  To the Right about. 
Turn your Left Toe to the Right about, bringing your Right Heel to it as before, and your Pike Recovered as before, always with the same quickness. Being turned, Charge as before.  As you were. 
You turn your Left Toe to the Left about, bringing up your Pike Recovered, your Left Hand never to be higher than your Mouth, and your Right Heel as before, And being turned you fall back with your Right Leg and Charge. You must be sure always to bring your Pike straight up, and not to swing it about, for than 'twill clatter against the other Pikes.  
To the Lest. Four times.  
To the Left about.  
As you were.  Advance your Pike. 
Bringing up your Right Heel to your Left Instep and your Pike first before you, You fall out with your Right Foot even with your Left, and bring your Pike to your Right Thigh.  Shoulder. 
Lay your Left hand on your Pike even with your Shoulder, your Fingers extended, bringing your Right Heel to your Left Instep, And your Pike right before you, then fall back with your Right Leg, and put back your Right Arm as far as you well can, and holding your Pike half a foot from your Side, cast your Eye towards the Spear, which you must keep directly to the Rear, your Pike sloped, and forsaking it with your Left hand bring up your Right Leg, and Lay your Pike on your Right Shoulder, your Elbow close to your Body, The Buttend half a foot from the ground and in the middle of the distance, That is, between your Legs.  Charge to the Front. 
Fall back with your right Leg, and put back your right Arm as far as you can, be sure to keep the Spear directly to the Rear, and your Pike sloped at the same height with the Spear as when it was shouldered, neither higher nor lower. Then with your left hand bring the Buttend of your Pike backwards, turning the head of it with your right hand, then forsaking it with that hand, take hold of the Buttend, and Charge breast-high, the palm of your hand open against the Buttend, and your left elbow under your Pike; your left toe pointed directly with the Spear of your Pike, and be sure to Charge directly forward and not to the Angles, your left heel just against the middle of your right foot.  Shoulder as you were. 
You raise your Pike with both hands, then forsaking it with your right hand, and turning the head backwards with the left, the Spear directly to the Rear, take hold of it again with your right, as high as you can reach with ease, and stand with it as before from your body sloped as before, then bringing up your right leg, and forsaking your Pike with your left hand, lay it on your shoulder: When you stand with your Pike from your side, you continue it but a very short space. Be sure always to keep the Spear directly to the Rear, and not to cross your Pike in the exercising it.  Charge to the Right. 
Fall back with your right arm and leg as before, and be sure to keep the Spear to the Rear, sloped at the height as when shouldered, and turning your left toe to the right, fall with your right leg behind your left, so that the middle of your right foot may be ove● against your left heel. Whil● you do this, bring your Pike up and turn the Buttend backward by your right side; and taking 〈◊〉 in the palm of your right hand Charge.  Shoulder as you were. 
Bring your left toe to the left bringing your right foot with th● middle against your left heel and your Pike up, then with you left hand turn the head of th● Pike to the right: That is, directly to the Rear, which must b● done together to prevent clattering, then taking hold of it wit● your right hand, stand with it i● both hands, at a little distance from your body as before, sloped at the same height as when shouldered, then bringing up your right leg, lay it on your shoulder.  Charge to the Right about. 
Fall back with your hand and leg, as before, and stand with your Pike from your side in the same Posture: Then turning the Left toe to the right about, bring the Buttend of your Pike to the right side, and falling back with your right leg, Charge: the Spear of your Pike all this while kept to the Rear, the height you are shouldered: For you must take great care not to throw the Spear of your Pike higher, or drop it lower. When you are faced to the Right about, levelly your Pike breast high, and Charge, as before.  As you were. 
Turn your left toe to the Le●● about, and advancing your right foot one ordinary pace, so that the middle of it may be against your left heel, then with your le●● hand bring the Buttend by your left side, keeping the Spear exactly to the Rear, the same height as before, taking great care neither to cross your Pike, or to tos● the Spear too high, laying your right hand as high as you can easily reach, stand with it from your Body as before, then bring up your right leg and shoulder.  Charge to the Left. 
Fall back with your Leg and Arm as in the rest, then turn the left Toe to the Left, and with your left hand turn the Buttend of your Pike to the Right, and bringing up your Right Leg, Charge.  As you were. 
Raise the Spear of your Pike with both hands, and turn your left Toe to the right, and fall back with your Right leg and Arm, the Spear directly to the Rear, holding your Pike from your side as before, then bring up your Right leg, and shoulder.  Charge to the Left about. 
Fall back with Arm and Leg, as before, then with both hands bring the Pike over your head, keeping the Spear very exactly to the Rear, neither higher nor lower then when shouldered; Then turning your left toe to the Left about, and bringing up your Right Foot with the middle of it against your left heel● Charge.  As you were. 
Bring your Pike over your head with your left hand, falling back with your right leg, and putting back your right arm as before, keeping the Spear directly to the Rear without crossing, hold it from your body, then bring up your right leg and shoulder. You must be sure to take care to set your feet exactly, or self you can never Exercise well.  Port. 
As Charging to the Front, but that you sink not the Spear of your Pike so low, and in stead of letting the Pike rest upon your Left Elbow, 'tis to rest between the Thumb and forefinger, and you Elbow close to your Side.  Comport. 
You bring your Left Hand as far back as you can, and stretching out the Right as far as you can, at the same time stepping forwa●● with your Right foot, Grasp th● Pike with your Right Hand 〈◊〉 far as you can reach, have a ca● not to Toss the Spear too high then forsaking it with your Le●● Hand, and falling back wi●● your Right Leg even with yo● Left, Close the Pike to your Sid● the Spear of your Pike about t●● height of your Head.  Charge to the Front. 
Extend your Right Arm much as you can, advancing yo● Right Leg at the same motion and putting your Left Hand: far back as you can bring forwar● your Pike, then stepping bac● with your Right Leg, take hol● of the Buttend of it with yo● Right hand and Charge, taking care not to throw the Spear of the Pike higher than it was when you went to Charge, when you Charge, Charge always Breast-high.  Trail. 
Face to the Right about, and let the Spear of your Pike fall behind you; Quit your Right Hand from the Buttend of it without stirring your Left, you must take care not to bob up the Spear of your Pike, which is very ungraceful.  Charge as you were. 
Turn to the Left about, and ●aking the Buttend of the Pike on the Palm of your Right Han● Charge, as before, always 〈◊〉 king care not to Toss your Spe● higher than the Charge.  Advance your Pikes. 
Bring up your Right Heel 〈◊〉 your Left Instep, and your P●● before you to the Recover, 〈◊〉 fall out with your Right Foo●ven with your Left, and b●● your Pike to your Right Thigh.  Order your Pikes. 
Lay your Left Hand on y●● Pike even with the top of yo● Shoulder, your Finger's strei●● out, and sinking your Left Han●● and Raising your Right, ta●● your Pike so that when the Bu● ●nd is on the Ground, your Right ●and may be against your Eye, ●eeping your Pike near your Head, the Buttend to the Latchet of your Shoe. When near the Ground hold a little while still, that the Butt-ends may all touch ●he Ground together, and make put one Thump.  Pikes to your Inside Order. 
Place the Buttend of your ●ike on the Inside of your Right foot about the middle of it. Be ●ure to move your Pike, and not your Foot.  Lay down your Pikes. 
Stepping forward quick with our Left Leg, and stooping all together, lay it down straight o●ly with your Right Hand.  Quit your Pikes. 
Falling back with your Let 〈◊〉 even to your Right, stand up all together.  Handle your Pikes. 
Stepping forwards with yo● Left Leg quick, and stooping together, laying your Right Ha●● only on your Pike as far as you 〈◊〉 reach.  Order your Pikes. 
Raise the Pike only with you Right Hand, and fall back with your Left Leg: You must 〈◊〉 sure when you are Commanded ●o Handle your Pikes, to get the Buttend within the middle of your Right Foot.  Pikes to your Outside Order. 
Place the Buttend of your Pike on the Outside of your Foot, ●ust to the Latchet of your Shoe. ●e sure to move your Pike, and ●ot your Forth.  Advance. 
As before.   

Exercise of Pike and Musket together.  
The Pikes being Advanced and the Muskets Shouldered, The word of Command is, Musketeers make ready.  
They are to perform all their Postures, and the Motions exactly together, till they stand Guarded with their Muskets before them, Their Thumbs on the Cocks, at which time also the Pikes are to be Recovered before them, the Butt-ends in the Palms of their Hands, and their Pikes upright, Their Left Hands the Height of their Mouths, and no higher.  
At the Word Charge, They are to bring down both Muskets and Pikes together at once, And the Pikes with a jerk, as if they were to strike one with them. They must be sure to turn their Left Toes that way they Charge, and their Left Heel directly against the middle of their Right Foot. When they Charge they are to Charge directly forward. But the Pikes are not to Charge close to one another's Breasts at first, because that makes a clattering, but they are to Charge a little way from one another's Breasts in bringing down their Pikes, and after they are Charged, then to close them to their Breasts.  
To the Right Charge Four times.  
To the Right about Charge.  
As you Were. Charge.  
To the Left Charge Four times.  
To the Left about. Charge.  
As you were. Charge.  
The Pikemen turn as the Musketeers, bringing up their Right Heels to their Left Insteps. As they turn they extend their Arms, and hold their Muskets straight before them, Their Left Hand as high as their Mouth pulling back their Arms and falling back with their Right Legs when they are Faced.  
The Soldiers do not bring down their Arms till the word of Command, Charge.  
They must be sure to bring up their Pike and Musket as quick as they bring them down straight before them ere they turn, or else the Pikes will clatter.  Recover your Arms 
As before  Half-bend your Muskets. 
As before  Poise your-Muskets 
As before  Shoulder your Muskets. 
As before  
The Musketeers Shouldering, The Pikemen (who stood Recovered) falling out with their Right Legs, bring their Pikes to their Thighs to their Advance.  Poise your Muskets. 
At which Word of Command, the Pikemen are all to join their Left Hands to their Pikes the height of their Shoulders.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes to your Inside Order.  
Lay down your Arms.  
Quit your Arms.  
Tooth Right about.  
March.  
When clear of their Arms they are to disperse, and upon the Beat of Drum to run to their Arms with an Huzza, their Swords drawn and the points upward.  
Return your Swords.  
Handle your Arms.  
Order your Arms.  
Pikes to your Outside Order.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Advance your Pikes.  
In Ordering their Arms, They must be sure to make a little stop before the Butt-ends come to the ground, that they may come down all at one Thump. After laying down their Arms and quitting them they are all to stand up together, and no man to stoop afterwards.  
When they March from their Arms, they must be sure to step all together Front and Rear, with their Left Feet, and to March close to their Arms.  
When they lay their Right Hands on their Swords, they must take hold of the Scabbard with their Left Hand.  
When they have drawn their Swords, They must hold them up straight before them, as they do their Muskets when poised.  
When they return their Swords, They must do it all at one Motion, And assoon as they have put up their Swords, they must all stand upright to their Arms looking to their proper Front.  
The Pikemen must always when they stand to their Arms (lying on the ground) get the Buttend of their Pikes to the middle of the inside of their Feet.  
The easiest and readiest way to teach Soldiers the use of their Arms, that they may do it exactly to the Drum, Is to give every File-leader the Word of Command, in writing of that part of the Exercise, viz. The posture of the Pike and Musket only, That every File-leader may instruct his File, so as to do it exactly to the Drum.   

EXERCISE OF THE GRANADIERS ON FOOT.  
A Great part of the Exercise of Granadiers on Foot is the same with that of the Musketeers.  
Granadiers are to draw up at the same Order in Rank and File as Musketeers, only they draw but three deep, being supposed to be Shouldered, 
Lay your Right Hand on your Firelock. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Poise your Firelock. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Rest your Firelock. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Cock your Firelock. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Guard your Firelock. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Present. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Fire. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Recover your Arms. As the Exerercise of the Musketlers.  
Cast over to the Left. Then they are to lay their Right hand on their Daggers.  
Draw your Dagger. Holding it fast before you upright.  
Screw it into the Muzzel of your Firelock. So that the flat side may be toward you when recovered.  
Recover your Arms.  
Charge.  
To the Right Four times. Charge With a quick motion seizing the Firelock under the Lock with the Right hand.  
To the Right about. Charge With a quick motion seizing the Firelock under the Lock with the Right hand.  
As you were. Charge With a quick motion seizing the Firelock under the Lock with the Right hand.  
To the Left Four times. Charge With a quick motion seizing the Firelock under the Lock with the Right hand.  
To the Left about. Charge With a quick motion seizing the Firelock under the Lock with the Right hand.  
As you were. Charge With a quick motion seizing the Firelock under the Lock with the Right hand.  
Recover your Arms.  
Cast over to the Left. They are to ●●●ze their Daggers with their right hand.  
Withdraw your Dagger. Holding them before them the flat side towards them.  
Return your Dagger.  
Poise your Firelock. As the Musketeers.  
Half-bend your Firelock. As the Musketeers.  
Clean your Pan. As the Musketeers.  
Open your Cartridge-box.  
Handle your Primer.  
Prime. As the Exercise of the Musketeers.  
Return your Primer. As the Exercise of the Musketeers.  
Shut your Pan. As the Exercise of the Musketeers.  
Blow off your lose Corns. As the Exercise of the Musketeers.  
Cast about to charge. As the Exercise of the Musketeers.  
Handle your Cartridge.  
Open it with your teeth.  
Charge with Powder and Ball  
Draw forth your Scowrer. Putting them together into the Muzzel of the Firelock Hold it there.  
Shorten it to an inch. Putting them together into the Muzzel of the Firelock Hold it there.  
Ram down Powder. and Ball. As the Musketeers.  
Withdraw your Scowrer. As the Musketeers.  
Shorten it to a handful. As the Musketeers.  
Return your Scowrer As the Musketeers.  
Poise your Firelock. As the Musketeers.  
Shoulder your Firelock. Upon which word of Command the Ranks are to close forward to six foot, the Sergeants taking care to plant their Halberds at the due distance.  
Poise your Firelock. Seizing the sling with the Left hand.  
Sling your Firelock.  
Handle your Pouch. Your Left Hand on the bottom all of a height, the Right Leg advanced, and their Right Hands all of a height.  
Open your Pouch Together.  
Take forth your Granade The Right Hand extended before you.  
Shut your Pouch At once.  
Uncase your Fuse. Falling back with the Right Foot even to the Left, and facing.  
Handle your Match The Left hand to the Left side, both Arms extended. The three Ranks are to do it together.  
Blow your Match The first Rank only falling back with the Right Leg. A strong blast.  
Fire your Fuse.  
Deliver your Granade At which word of command the second Rank is to march six foot before the first, with their Matches ready to blow.  
Blow your Match.  
Fire your Fuse.  
Deliver your Granade The third Rank perform as the second.  
Blow your Match At which word the two other Ranks are to lay their Left hands on their Hatchets.  
Fire your Fuse. Then they are to raise their Hatchets.  
Deliver your Granade. At which time the Sergeants are to take care that the first rank stand, the second march six foot before the first, and the third six foot before the second with their hatchets raised expecting the word of command. The first rank is to raise theirs also  
Fall on. Stepping forward with the Left Leg.  
Recover your Hatchet. As in handling it.  
Return your Hatchet. Into the frog of the Belt.  
Poise your Firelock. As the Musketeers.  
Shoulder As the Musketeers.  
your Firelock As the Musketeers.  
Granadiers make ready. The first Rank make ready their Firelocks. The second Rank handle their Pouch. And the third Rank their Hatchets.  
The first Rank present. At which word of command the second Rank is to open their Pouch and take forth their Granade, and the third raise their Hatchets.  
Fire. The second Rank are to shut their Pouch, And uncase their Fuse, And handle their Match.  
Recover your Arms. Without any other word of command the first rank are to cast over to the Left, ward their Dagger, screw it into the Muzzel of their Firelock, Recover their Arms and Charge, the second Rank to march six foot before them.  
Blow your Match.  
Fire your Fuse.  
Deliver your Granade Then they poise their Firelocks and make ready, the third rank march as the second with their Hatchets.  
Fall on.  
Recover your Hatchets. At the same time the third Rank is to march twelve ●●ot before the first, charging; The second to six foot, and the first return their Hatchets, and make ready their Firelocks.  
Recover your Arms. At which time they half-bend their Firelocks.  
Cast over to the Left.  
Withdraw your Dagger. As before.  
Return your Dagger.  
Poise your Firelock.  
Shoulder your Firelock.  
Face to the Right about. March. The Sergeants are to take care that the Ranks open forward to twelve foot, and to continue marching till they come to their ground, and there to halt without any word of Command.  
As you were.  
Poise your Firelock. As the Musketeers.  
Order your Arms. As the Musketeers.  
Lay down your Arms. As the Musketeers.  
Quit your Arms. As the Musketeers.  
Face to the Right about. As the Musketeers.  
March. When clear of their Arms they are to disperse, and upon the ●eat of Drum they are to run to their Arms with an Huzza, their Daggers deawn, and their points upwards.  
Return your Daggers.  
Handle your Arms. As the Musketeers.  
Order your Arms. As the Musketeers.  
Poise your Firelock. As the Musketeers.  
Shoulder your Firelock. As the Musketeers.    

Directions for the Postures in Exercising of the Musket (that is, the Match-lock-Musket) being that Part which is not in the Directions already.  
Lay down your Matches. At Four Motions, Viz. First, Turn a little the Buttend of the Musket gently, slipping it as it lies on your Shoulder, and lay your Right Hand on your Match. Secondly, Extend your Right Hand and Foot before you, turning your Musket again in its place. Thirdly, You Stoop bringing the Match near your Right Foot within side, bending the Left Ham. Fourthly, You quit it, and stand up, bringing your Right Foot even to the Left.  

Lay your Right Hand on your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Rest your Muskets.  As in the Exercise of the Firelock.  
Handle your Match. Take your Match from between your Third and Fourth Finger, with your Thumb and First Finger of your Right Hand, the Palm turned from you, extend your Right Arm towards your Right-Handman.  
Blow your Match. Bring up the Match to your Mouth without stooping to it turning your Head a little to the Right; and having blown 〈◊〉 quick strong Blast, Cast out you Arm again to the Right,  
Cock and Try your Match. Bring your Match to the Coc● with a Compass, and press 〈◊〉 down with your Thumb, Supporting it with your Two nex● Fingers, of which the Middle Finger guides it, and is to b● kept between it and the Pan. Pul● your Cock down to the Pan, and Raise or sink so your Match, that it may fall just in the middle of it.  
Guard your Pan. Your Two first Fingers upon the Pan, your Thumb behind it, bringing up your Musket straight before you, That Hand by which the Pan is guarded, being even with your Mouth, about half a foot from before it without stooping, or letting your Muzzel of your Musket either hang backward or forward, but keeping it straight upright perpendicular, with your right heel to your Left Instep.  
Blow your Match. Bring your Match up to your Mouth without stooping, then blow a quick strong blast, after which extend your Arm straight forwards, let not your Musket sink, but keep it at the height you blow, your Cravat in the middle of the space between your Two Hands.  
Present and Open your Pan. Raise the Buttend of your Musket to your Shoulder, keeping your Fingers upon the Pan, and let it lie level before you open your Pan, which having done, bring your Hand back to your Trigger, raising a little your Right Foot. And immediately letting it fall, the Buttend of your Musket is to be between your Breast and your Right Shoulder, which locks it fast, but little of the Buttend to appear above the Shoulder, your Right Elbow not at all, or very little higher than your Piece; you must bend your Left Knee a little, and keep the Right very Stiff: your Piece is to lie Breast-high.  
Fire. Be sure to draw the Trigger but once, and keep your Body steady taking Aim.  
Recover your Arms. Sink the Buttend of your Musket, till you hold it perpendicular in both Hands, the Right being behind the Pan, your Fingers extended, and the Left the height of your Mouth, bring up the Right Heel to the Left Instep.  
Return your Match. Hold your Musket in your Left Hand, the Barrel towards you, your Left Elbow resting on your Body, take your Match between your Thumb and Forefinger of the Right Hand, your Thumb on the top of it, as when you Cock it, and turning the Palm of your Hand from you, place one end of it between the Third and Fourth Finger of your Left Hand, and the other end between the First and Second Finger, and then join your Right Hand again under the Pan of your Musket, your Fingers extended.  
Clean your Pan. With the Ball of your Thumb pressing it into your Pan you wipe it. At this Word of Command you Rest your Musket, falling back with your Right Leg, and when you have wiped your Pan with your Thumb, you lay your Right Hand again on your Musket behind the Pan on the Notch of your Musket, your Fingers extended.  

Handle your Primer.  
Prime on the side of the Pan, and not a top.  As the .  
Shut your Pan. With a full Hand, that is, with the Palm of it, the Fingers extended, at which Word casting back your Primer, bring up your Right Heel to your Left Instep, bringing your Musket straight up before you, your Left Hand the height of your Mouth and your Right under the Pan.  

Blow off your Lose Corns. As the Firelock.  
Cast about to Charge.  
Handle your Charger.  
Open it with your teeth.  
Charge with Powder.  
Draw forth your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to an Inch.  
Charge with Bullet.  
Ram down Powder and Ball.  
Withdraw your scowrer.  
Shorten it to a handful.  
Return your Scowrer.  As the .  

Poise your Musket.  
Shoulder your Musket.  
Poise your Musket.  As before.  
Order your Musket. Sink your Right Hand a little, take hold of the Stock with the Left Hand where the Scowrer goes into the Stock, then sinking that hand, take hold of the Muzzel with your Right Hand, and let the Buttend easily sink near the Ground where you make a little stop, so that the Muskets may all come to the ground together, your Musket all this while perpendicular, the Buttend close to your Right Foot, about the middle of it, your Right Hand an Inch from the Muzzel, and your Thumb straight up to it, the Barrel of the Musket backward, your Match, one end between the first and second Finger of your Left Hand, the other end between the Third and Fourth Finger, a large Inch from the Coal.  
The Exercise of the Pikes is to be as at other times with the .   

Directions for Exercising the Pike and Match-Lock-Musket together.  
The Pikes being Advanced, and Muskets Shouldered, Musketeers make Ready.  
At which Word of Command, the Musketeers are to perform leisurely and distinctly every posture of the Musket together, and being Ready, they bring up their Muskets straight before them, their Two first Fingers Guarding the Pans the height of their Mouths: And bringing up their Right Heels to their Left Insteps; The Pikemen at the same Word of Command to Make Ready, are to bring their Pikes before them to the Recover, and their Right Heels also to their Left Insteps, the Buttend of the Pikes in the Palm of their Hands.  
Charge. Falling back with their Right Legs, they all Rest their Muskets together, their Two first Fingers Guarding the Pan, they must be sure to keep the Muzzles all of a height very well sloped, and clear of their Bodies, Resting directly to the proper Front, with their Left Toes directly that way they Face, their Left Heels being just against the middle of their Right Feet. The Pikes at the same Word of Command, Charge, are to fall back with their Right Feet, bringing their Pikes down as quick as 'tis possible (or as if they were to strike with them) They Charge Breast-high, pointing their Left Toe with the Spear of the Pike directly to the Front, the Left Elbow under the Pike to Support it, etc. As is mentioned in the Exercise of the .  

To the Right Four times. Charge As with the Firelock.  
To the Right about. Charge As with the Firelock.  
As you were. Charge As with the Firelock.  
To the Left. Four times. Charge As with the Firelock.  
To the Left. about. Charge As with the Firelock.  
As you were. Charge As with the Firelock.  
Recover your Arms. As before.  
Return your Matches. As before.  
Poise your Muskets. As before.  
Shoulder your Muskets. As before.  
Poise your Muskets. As before.  
Order your Arms. As before.  
Pikes to your Inside Order. As before.  
Lay down your Arms. As before.  
Quit your Arms. As before.  
To the right about As before.  
March.   
When clear of their Arms they are to disperse and upon the Beat of Drum to run to their Arms with an Huzza, Their Swords drawn and the points upwards.  

Return your Swords. As before.  
Handle your Arms. As before.  
Order your Arms. As before.  
Pikes to your Outside Order. As before.  
Poise your Musket. As before.  
Shoulder your Musket. As before.  
Advance your Pikes. As before.   
Take up your Matches. Which is to be done at Four Motions. First, They advance their Right Foot and Hand without turning their Shoulders, their Arms extended before them. Secondly, They seize the Match bending with the Right Knee. Thirdly, Raising themselves, they bring their Right Foot into its place, and slipping a little the Musket, and turning the Buttend a little they bring the Match to the left Hand. Fourthly, They quit the Match with their Right Hand, and turn the Musket again into its Place with the Left.   

For Drawing up a Battalion and placing the Officers for Parade to Receive the King or any Prince of the Blood, or General.  

WHen a Regiment is to draw up, the foregoing Method of placing the Companies is to be Observed, And the Ranks are to have twelve large feet distance, and the Files three. The Musketeers are to slope and carry their Arms well. The Pikemen to Order their Pikes close to their bodies, holding them near their heads, and to the Latchet of their Shoes, and not to their Toes. The Sergeants are to be posted (as is said before) two or one on the Right and Left of every Rank and at the same distance the Soldiers are at in the File, and the rest on the Rear Three paces distance from the last rank of Soldiers, Their Halberds all Ordered and their Hats off, The Drums on the Right and Left ranging even with the Front Rank of the Soldiers, and the same distance one from another as the Soldiers, the Ho-boys on the Right of the Drums, and the Drums on the Right in the same Rank.   

For placing the Officers.  
The Lieutenants are to be divided equally, Half at the Head of the Right Wing of Shot, and the other at the Left. The Ensigns are to be at the Head of the Pikes upon the same Line with the Lieutenants, and each of them Two paces distant from the Body. The Captains like wise are to be divided equally and placed on each Wing two paces before the Lieutenants. None are to stand before the Ensigns but he only who Commands in Chief, who is to be Two Paces before the Captains, (that is) Six paces from the Pikes, unless when a Regiment makes but one Battalion and the Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel are both present, Then the Lieutenant-Colonel is to be posted on the Left hand of the Colonel. The Major (who always is to be on Horseback) in a direct Line before the Sergeants on the Right Angle a little advanced before the Line of the Captains. And the Aid-Major on the Left Angle in like manner on Horse● back.  
To Receive the King or Queen, the Pikes are to be Advanced and the Muskets Shouldered, But to all others the Pikes are to be Ordered.  
If there be a Company of Granadiers, It is to be Drawn up on the Right of the Battalion Three deep, about two or three paces distance between the Drums of the Battalion and that of the Granadiers.   

Of Saluting.  
When the King approaches, The Drums are to Beat the March, and the Officers to Salute one after another as the King passes by, keeping the Spear of their Pikes directly forwards to the proper Front and not cross.  
Assoon as ever they have Saluted, They are to pull off their Hats without making a Leg, but standing upright, keeping their Hats off till the King or the Person they Salute be passed by them.  
The Ensigns are to Salute with their Colours all together at one Motion, bringing them down near the ground directly before them, Then taking them up all together at one Motion, They pull off their Hats in the same form the Captains and Lieutenants did, keeping their Hats off without bowing till the Person whom they Salute be past.  
The Sergeants (as is faid before (are to stand with their Halberds Ordered, and their Hats off, and to Face the same way the Battalion does, as also the Drums, and the Commission-Officers likewise. For if the King (or whatsoever Person is Received) goes round the Battalion, the Battalion is to Face towards him every one being to keep his Post, only (as is said before) Facing as he goes round.  
This manner of Saluting the King or the General is meant for a private Review of a Battalion, For if it be in the Field and the Army Drawn up, every Battalion is to Salute with Pike● and Muskets Charged, which is to be performed in this manner, The King or General approaching, The Musketeers are to be Shouldered, and the Pikes Advanced, Then the Colonel or Commander in Chief gives the Word.  Recover your Arms. 
Which is (as is said before) to bring the Pikes and Muskets directly before them, The Butt-ends of the Pikes always in the Palm of the Hand and the Right Heel to the Left Instep. And assoon as ever the Drums strike the March, both Pikes and Musketeers are to Charge at one Motion quick, and to keep their Arms so Charged till the King or General be past, And then the word of Command is, 
Recover your Arms.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets   
At which time (as is said before) The Pikemen bring their Pikes to the Advance.    

Of Marching and Posting the Officers, and of Saluting Marching.  
If the Battalion be to March, The first thing is to make the Files Close either to the Right or Left to their Marching Order, which is a Foot and a half, or so near to one another, that every Soldier may have the free use of his Arms, and not to crowd one another, which is a thing of dangerous consequence: The best way to avoid which, is for every Man to keep Half a Foot from his Right-hand Man.  
Single Companies may March Shoulder to Shoulder, but in greater Bodies there must be more allowance.  
The First Word of Command is (the Pikes being Advanced, and the Muskets Shouldered) 
Files Close to the Right (or to the Left)  
To your Close  
Order, March   
At which Word every Man turns to the Hand named, and accordingly Closes to the Distances and Hand named, Observing (as is said before) the Front: That is, either their Right or Left-hand-Men.  
As soon as they are Closed to the Order you would have them, The Word of Command is, To your Leader.  
The Sergeants at the same time are to be careful in keeping the Ranks at their Twelve large Feet distance.  
As soon as the Battalion is thus disposed, If it March in a Body, all the Lieutenants are to be in the Rear at the same Distance from the Soldiers as they were at in the Front: And the Sergeants which were in the Rear, are to Assist on the Flanks, to see that the Ranks March exactly even and at their distance.  
When the Word is given to March, both Front and Rear step all at a time with their Left Feet, setting them down all together, so that they may be heard. They are then to March very slowly, and the Pikes to March even with the Wings of Shot. And great care is to be taken that the Men do not press one upon another, but March directly forward without inclining to either hand.  
As soon as the Body is Marched as far as is intended, they are to be Commanded to 
Halt.  
To the Right about.   
And the Drums beating a Retreat, the Lieutenants lead them in the same Order and Method as before, back to their Ground, which being come to, the Command is, 
Halt.  
To the Left about. (Or) As you were. (That is, to the Left about.)  
Lieutenants take your Posts in the Front of the Battalion.  
March.   
At which Word the Lieutenant's return from the Rear into the Front; And the Sergeants that were before in the Rear, return thither again from the Flanks.   

Of Marching in Three Divisions.  
If the Battalion be to March in Three Divisions, the Captains are to be Divided, one half at the Head of the first Division of Shot, and the other half in the Rear of the last Division; one half of the Lieutenants in the Rear of the first Division of Shot, and the other half at the Head of the last Division of Shot.  
The Colours are to March at the Head of the Pikes which are to be Advanced, The Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel, or (in their absence) the Officer in Chief is to March Two Paces before the Rank of Captains at the Head of the first Division of Shot; the Captains and all other Officers keeping the same distance from the Soldiers as they were Posted at, at the Head of the Battalion when Drawn up; and taking great care that they keep that distance exactly, and no more, Viz. The Captains Four Paces from the Soldiers, and the Lieutenants and Ensigns two, or at least at a proper distance to Salute.  
The Officers that are to March in the Rear of the Division are to fall after them as they March off, and not before. And the Sergeants that were Posted in the Reat, are to take care of the Pikes in their Marching.  
The Drums are to be divided equally to the Divisions, and to March between the Second and Third Rank.  
The Granadiers are to March about Twenty Yards before the Battalion.  
The Equipage of the Colonels and Officers of the Front is to March a little on the Left Hand between the Granadiers and the Battalion. The Ho boys are to March at the middle Distance, between the Commander in Chief and the Granadiers.  
Whenever a Division is Commanded to March, they are to step together at once, both Front and Rear with their Left Feet, and to March slowly.  
In Marching, both Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, and all Officers are to March with their Pikes underhand Comported, taking care not to droop the Spear too much, nor to swing their hands in Marching, but to keep them steady.  
Assoon as they come near the King or Person whom they are to Salute, They are to Shoulder their Pikes and to take Care to do it together that is, Every Rank of Office as they approach the King to Shoulder their Pikes together, and to carry them levelly upon their Shoulders; And when they come to Salute, to be very exact in doing it together, that i● may seem as if but one man Saluted.  
The first Rank of Captains are not to begin to Salute till the Colonel or Commander in Chief has done Saluting. And the Officers must take Care above all things, That they neither stand still when they Salute nor mend their pace, so as to get too fat from the men; And to take Care in the Salute not to do the Motions too quick.  
The Ensigns are to take Care to bring their Colours down all together directly before them without waving them to either Hand; And to take them up all together without standing still or mending their pace.  
Assoon as the Officers have Saluted, They must pull off their Hats, and keep them off till they are passed by the Person they Salute without bowing. And when they are passed at a convenient distance, they are to bring their Pikes again underhand.  
The Sergeants are to march with their Halberds Shouldered, the Buttend upwards, and are always to march with their Hats off when they pass by the Person that comes to view the Battalion, whether the Officers Salute or no.  
None is to Salute the same Person but once standing and once Marching.  
The Major and Aid-Major have no fixed Post for Marching, But are always to attend the Colonel or Officer in Chief to receive his Orders.  
No Sergeant or Corporal is at any time to Carry or Hold the Colours in the absence of the Ensign, but only a Pikeman.  
If a Battalion be Attaqued in Marching, They are immediately to Draw up, Facing either the same way they March or by Wheeling either to the Right or Left as the Ground allows, or as they are Attaqued. For the readier performance of which, It is most necessary to practise a Battalion to it in Exercising.  
If a Battalion be Attaqued Marching in Three Divisions (or more) and thereby the Divisions obliged to Wheel to the Right. The First Wing of Musketeers is to Draw up on the Right of the Granadiers, and the Pikes on the Right of the Right Wing of Musketeers, and the Left Wing of Musketeers on the Right Hand of the Pikes, which takes up much less time than Marching round the Rear.  
Assoon as ever there is occasion to Prepare for being Attaqued on a sudden, or that the Commander in Chief is disposed to Draw up a Battalion in that Method, He Commands the Rear Half-Files of Musketeers to double their Front to the Left in Marching. And assoon as ever the Officer in Chief giveth Command to the Musketeers to Ma● Ready (which is to be Coc● and Guarded) or in Exercise 〈◊〉 make the Motion of it by Receivering their Muskets before the●● The Pikemen at the same wo●● of Command are to Port th● Pikes, and the Drums to Beat t●● Preparative, which gives Notice the Rear that they are to Dr●●● up. The Ensigns at the same ti●● are to give their Colours to t● Right Handmen of the respective Companies who are to R●tice with them immediately 〈◊〉 the Centre of the Pikes, and t●● Ensigns to take the Pikes whi●● the said Soldiers carried, and a● to March at the head of t● Pikes.  
The Drums that marched between the Ranks of the Musketeers (as also those of the Granadiers) are to join themselves to those Drums that March with the Pikes. And the Ho-boys to join with the Colours.  
Assoon as ever the Drums beat the Preparative, every Division (except the first) is to March up with all the speed they can, keeping their Order, that first Division marching no faster than it did before. The Ranks in Marching are to close forward to Six foot, which the Sergeants are to be very careful to see kept very even and in good Order.  
The Granadiers are to be divided into Three equal parts, One third with the Captain at the Head of the Pikes, some Eight Paces from the first Rank, and the two other parts on the Right an● and Lest of the Battalion. Thos● at the Head of the Pikes are t● be Commanded to Present and Fire when the first Rank of Musketeers are commanded to Knee● and assoon as ever they have F●red they are to make ready the Granado's, and after the Two la● Ranks of Musketeers (who Fir●● before the Front Rank) have F●red, Then they are to deliver their Granado's, and to put thei● Daggers into their Firelocks.  
Those Granadiers on the Righ● and Left of the Battalion, are to Fire as the Musketeers Fire, that is the Two last Ranks to Fire with the Musketeers, And assoon as Fibred are to put their Daggers into their Firelocks. The Front Rank of Granadiers having their Gra●nado's ready, are to kneel when the first Rank of Musketeers kneel, And after the Two last Ranks have Fired, They are to stand up, And when the first Rank of Musketeers Fire, They are to deliver their Granado's, And immediately to fix their Daggers in their Firelocks. And when the Musketeers Club their Muskets and Fall on, They are to Charge with their Daggers as aforesaid.  
When the Battalion has Marched (so near that the Granadiers may throw their Granado's so as to fall among the Enemy) with the Officers, both Captains, Lieutenants and Ensigns in one Rank at the Head of the Battalion, Two good paces from the first Rank of Soldiers, with their Pikes in the same posture with t● Pikemen, which they are to observe, The Commander in Ch●gives the Command to Half 〈◊〉 which word of Command 〈◊〉 Drums are to cease from Beati● and all the Officers in the Fr●stand at the Head of the Batt● on in one Rank, as is said befog Two paces from it with th● Pikes Ported.  
Four of the Sergeant's t● Marched with the Pikes bef●●● they drew up are to Draw 〈◊〉 with them, Two with the 〈◊〉 Rank and Two with the last 〈◊〉 the Right and Left of each Ran● The rest of the Sergeants are 〈◊〉 be on the Flanks, and to assist 〈◊〉 Officers in the Rear, who are 〈◊〉 be the same Officers that marched in the Rear of the Division before they were drawn up, and to continue in the Rear of the Battalion and to take care of it. Only the eldest Captain that was there is to come up immediately to the Front at the Head of the Left Wing of Shot. And the Sergeants are immediately (upon the Battalions drawing up) to be very exact in making the Ranks even at Six Foot distance, The Files are to be kept at the same distance (as is said before) so that every Soldier may have free liberty to use his Arms; The best Rule for which is, That every Soldier keep half a Foot from his Right-hand-man.  
Assoon as the Commander in Chief has Commanded them to Halt, The Command is, First Rank of Musketeers Kneel.  
Which they are to do by Fa●●ing back with the Right Legs and not stepping forward wit● their Left, and keeping the Muskets so low, that the Two other Ranks may Fire easily over them.  
At the same time that the Command is given for the First Rank to Kneel, The whole Ran● of Officers at the Head of the Battalion, retire at one time into the Intervals, just behind them of the first Rank of Soldiers, but are to take Care that the Soldiers perform their Duties. The Officers (as is said before) are to have their Pikes in the posture conformable to the Pikemen. And those with the Musketeers are to Kneel as they do.  
When the first Rank is commanded to Kneel, the Two other Ranks of Musketeers are to Close forward, as also the Five Ranks of Pikes as close as they can with conveniency to use their Arms, without any other word of Command.  Two last Ranks Present. 
Which they are always to do Breast high, and the First of the Two is always to stoop without any word of Command. And the Pikes at the same word of Command are to Charge their Pikes and to continue so Charged.  
Fire.  
Recover your Arms.  
At which word of Command, The Front Rank stands up, without any other word of Command, having their Muskets Recovered straight upright before them ready Cocked and Guarded.  
Front Rank Present.  
Fire.  
Recover your Arms.  
Club your Muskets.  
Fall on.  
Which they do with an Huzza, and the Pikes are to continue Charged, And the Drums to Beat the Preparative again.  Halt. 
At which time the Drums are to cease Beating.   

Reduction.  Poise your Muskets. 
At which word of Command the Pikemen Recover their Pikes before them from their Charge, and the Granadiers take the Posts they had before they were divided.  Shoulder your Muskets. 
At which word of Command the Pikemen bring their Pikes to their Thighs to the Advance. And the whole Rank of Officers Advance together Two paces before the Head of the Battalion.  
Ranks, Open backward to Twelve Foot Distance. March.  
Rear Half-Files of Musketeers that Doubled, To the Right about As you were.  
March.  
Officers, Colours and Drums and Ho-boys to your proper Posts. March.  
If you would Fire a Battalion in Exercise more than once before you Fall on, in stead of Clubbing your Muskets after the first Firing, the Musketeers are to make ready as they March, and the Pikes Port, And so proceed as before mentioned.  
Memorandum, Every Right-hand man of the Pikes of each Company is always to March with the Ensign's Pike.  
The Drums are to beat the Preparative whenever the first Division Drawsup, whether it be of a Battalion or single Company, which is the best way to give Notice to the Rear that they are to Draw up, The Pikes at the Drums Beating the Preparative (if they are Shouldered) are then to Advance, unless the Musketeers be commanded to Recover their Arms, and in such case the Pike● are to Port, but never otherway in Drawing up, but to be kep● Advanced. Nor are the Ranks to close forward, or to mend their pace in Marching, but to Draw up as at other times, unless the Musketeers are Commanded to Recover their Arms (or to make ready) which is the same Posture, and then they are always to March as is before mentioned.   

Of Marching by Sub-Di●visions.  
If a Battalion be to March on the Long March by Sub-Divisions, the Files are first to be Counted, and according to the largeness or narrowness of the way they are to March, they must be Divided accordingly, Posting one half of the Captains at the Head of the first Sub-Division of Shot, and the other half in the Rear of the last. The Lieutenants are to be divided to every Sub-Division of Shot, that they may take care of them. The Colours are to be divided also to March at the Head of every Sub-Division of Pikes. The Sergeants are always to March on the Flanks; and are never to Led or Bring up a Division (unless Commanded) The Sergeants that are Posted in the Rear of the Battalion, when Drawn up, are always to take care of the Pikes in Marching.  
When they March by Sub-Divisions, they are to March Shoulder to Shoulder in Files, but n●● so as to crowd one another. A●● though there may happen to be momen in one Rank than another yet no Gaps are to be left in the Ranks, but they are to March (as is said before) Shoulder to Shoulder.  
The Captains and Officers are always to March with their Pike● underhand, except only when they pass by a General Officer, or come before a Guard to Relieve it, or off the Parade, and then they are to be Shouldered,   

Of Defiles.  
To pass a narrow Defile, The readiest way to perform it, and to Draw up again in order assoon as past, is to make the Ranks File; If to the Right, the Right-Hand Man is to File first; and the rest of his Rank is to follow him; then they are to Rank again as they were, which is better than Files Filing, because it immediately makes a Front to the Enemy.  
If the Ranks be great, let them File Two a Breast, beginning with the two Outwardmost File-leaders.  
For larger Defiles, the Commander may draw off as he judges the way will easily receive.   

Of Wheeling.  
When a Battalion is to Wheel to alter the Front, either to one hand or the other, or to bring the Front where the Rear was The Command is, to Wheel ●●ther to the Right or the Left first If to the Right, you say, 
Wheel to the Right.  
March.   
At which Word of Command every man in the Battalion moves, and Wheels from the Left to the Right, only the ma● on the Right Angel turns ver● slowly, being as it were the Hinge on which the rest move. In this way of Wheeling the● must observe both their Right and Lefthand Men. And the first Rank is to take such a com● Pass of Ground, as neither to press one another out, nor yet to make a Gap or Interval in the Ranks; The best way to avoid both which is, for every man to be sure to observe what distance he is at in File, when he is Commanded to Wheel; And If he Wheels to the Right, to be sure to keep that very same distance from his Right-hand Man; And the Ranks are to observe their Leaders well, and to Close quick to the Left in the Rear. The same method must be observed to the Right, if the Battalion be Commanded to Wheel to the Left.   

Of Wheeling when a Battalion or a Body of Men March in Division.  
When upon March the Word of Command is given to Wheel, if it be to the Right, th● Right-hand Man keeps h●● Ground, and only turns upon h●● Heel, At the same time the Left hand Man moves about quick till he makes an even Line with his Right-hand Man, and that the Officer bids him Stand.  
The Second Rank must no● begin to Wheel till they have taken the Ground of the first; 〈◊〉 every Rank successively is t● March directly forward up t● their Leaders Ground before the● begin to Wheel, upon which depends this way of Wheeling.  
Before they come to Whee● the Soldiers are to observe th●● hand in Marching to which the● are to Wheel. For as the Right hand Man is to be observed i● Marching when they Wheel to the Right, so they must observe the Left Hand in Marching when they are to Wheel to the Left, But when they are Wheeling they must observe the contrary Hand.   

Of Wheeling by single Ranks.  
When an Officer is Marching a Body of men, and there be occasion to Form them on a sudden into a single Rank, either to make a Guard, or to line a Hedge, the Words of Command are these, Ranks to the Right (or Left) hand, Wheel. March.  
If they are to Wheel to the Right, the Right-hand Man of every Rank is to stand, and only turn to the Right on the Ground he stands on, and the rest are a●● to Wheel together into one Ra●● at the Word of Command, March. The Colours are to Wheel in before the Rank, and the Drums to take their Posts a the Right and Left of the Ran● as also the Sergeants.  
When they are so Vvheeled, they may either be Closed to the Right or to the Left, that there may be no Gaps in the Ranks.   

Reduction.  
Form your Ranks to the Left (or) As you were.  
March.  
For the performance whereof, the Lefthand Man of every Rank is to stand, and only turn to the Left. And at the Word March, the rest are to Wheel into their places as they were.   

Of Wheeling backward by half Ranks.  
To Wheel backwards by half Ranks upon a long March, the following Directions are to be observed.  
The Number of men ought to be even in every Rank, and the Right and the Lefthand Man of every Rank being Ordered to stand, and only to Turn to the Right and Left Inwards, the following Words of Command are to be observed.  By Half Ranks Wheel to the Right and Left Backward. March. 
At which Word of Command● the Half-Ranks Separate, and fa●● back to the Right and Lefthand men, Forming Two Ranks in opposition to one another. The Officers and Colours are to sepal rate accordingly, and to take their Posts, Ranging themselves before the Soldiers to make a Guard.  
The Sergeants and Drums are to be on the Right and Left.   

Reduction.  By half Ranks to the Right and Left Inward, Form your Ranks as you were. March. 
The Directions are the same as before: For the Right and Lefthand Man of every Rank is to stand, and only Turn to the Right and Left Inward, and the rest at the Word March, are to Wheel, and they will be in the same Marching Order that they were.   

Closing and Openings.  
Ranks Close forwards to Order, Three Foot. March.  
Ranks Close forward to Close Order, A foot and half. March.  
Ranks Open backward t● Order, Three Foot. March.  
Ranks Open backward t● Open Order, Six Foot. March.  
Ranks Open backwards t● double distance, twelve Foo● March.  
In this way of Opening backward, the Ranks are to fall bac● without changing aspect, observing their Right-hand men, an● their Leaders.  
Files close to the Right, March  
Files close to the Left, March  
Files close to the Centre, March  
Files open to the Right, March  
Files open to the Left, March  
Files open from the Centre. March  
When Files open from the Centre, they are to face from the Centre, and if there be an odd File it is to stand, which is the Centre File. Also when Files are to open to the Right or Left, they are not to stir, not so much as changing aspect, till the Word of Command, March be first given; and then they are in●mediately to Face to the hand named, and to take their distance Commanded every one from hi● Leader.  
When they open to the Right, they must always observe the● Lefthand men. And when they open to the Left, their Right, hand Men.  
If they open to the Right, the Second File from the Right, first takes its distance by little Steps, and letting his Leader go as far from him as the distance he is Ordered, before he stir, the rest of the Files do the like successively; And the Lefthand File is not to move at all. In opening of Files they are to move extreme slowly and directly forward.   

Doubling.  
Ranks to the Right, Double. March.  
Ranks as you were. March.  
Ranks to the Left, Double. March.  
Ranks as you were. March.  
The Ranks that double are to observe their Right-hand Men to move at the same time with them.  
They are to begin the Motions with the Foot next the Hand named, and to come into this doubling, the even Ranks are to double into the odd; and if t●● odd Ranks are to double, Fa●● the Body to the Rear, and th● same Word of Command will perform it, or else it may be do●● by this Word of Command.  Odd Ranks that stood, T●● the Right about double t●● even Ranks.  

To Reduce the Ranks.  
The Ranks that double a● first to Face to the contra●● hand, and then with the contrary Foot come into their form● Ground; But they are not t● stir, not so much as to alter the aspect, till the Word of Command, March be first give● And 'tis a constant Rule upo● all Doubling of Ranks or half Files, That though they are to turn to the contrary Hand they Doubled on from the Ground they Doubled to; yet when they come to their own Ground, they are always to turn to the Hand they doubled, which brings them directly after their Leaders.  
The doubling of Files is performed in the same manner, and is the same thing with the Reduction of doubled Ranks.   

Doubling of Front Half-Files by the Rear Half-files, with the Reduction.  
Rear Half-files to the Right hand, Double your Front. March.  
Rear Half-files, As you we● March.  
Rear Half-files to the Le●● hand, Double your Fron● March.  
Rear Half-files, As you we●● March.  
If it be upon a March, th● Rear Half-files are to move into the Front with a quicker Motion The Front Half-files still continuing theirs. But all must observe their Right-hand men.  
And for Reduction, Let th● Rear Half-files without Facing about, stand till the Front Half-files have passed by, and then fall after their proper Leaders; But if the Front Half-files are to be doubled by the Rear, the Body standing still, the Rear Half-files are to March extreme slow, observing well their Right-hand men, that every Rank may double at one time. And in the Reducement, As in the Doubling of single Ranks, no man is to stir till the word of Command March be first given, And then they are all to turn together to the contrary Hand they doubled on. And when they come upon their own ground they are always to turn to the same Hand they Doubled to.   

Doubling of Rear Half-files by the Front Half-files, with the Reduction.  
Front Half-files to the Right about, Double your Rear Half-files.  
March.  
At which Word of Command, the Front half-files, or the Three Front-ranks turn to the Right about, and passing on the Right Hand of their followers, or th● Rear half-files, they are to Double into them; and assoon as doubled, to face to the Left about to their Leader, without any Word of Command.   

Reduction.  Front half-files as you were. March. 
At which word, The Front Half-files are to March slowly, observing to keep Three foot from their Right-hand-men, which makes them incline to the Left, and brings them directly upon their former ground.  
In Doubling to the Left about, the same thing is to be done, only observing the contrary hand.   

Of Firing to the Front.  
Soldiers are to be Exercised to Fire all manner of ways, In keeping of ground, Gaining of ground, and losing of ground.  
To make them Fire in keeping of ground, 'tis necessary that 〈◊〉 Body be as close in Rank and F●● as can be conveniently with th● use of their Arms.  
One way is thus.  Musketeers make ready a●● 
At which time the Musketi●● are to be Cocked and Guarded an● their Arms straight before them the Pikes ported. And when th● Musketeers Present, The Pikes a● to be Charged.  
The Five first Ranks, Knee●  
The Rear Rank Present Fire.  
Fifth Rank stand up.  
Present. Fire.  
Fourth Rank stand up.  
Present. Fire.  
And so of the rest. And as they have Fired, They are to Charge again, and to be in a readiness against the First word of Command.  
This way of Firing may be performed either by Two Ranks at a time, or Three Ranks, The first kneeling, and the second stooping, or the Two first stooping.  
'Tis necessary also to exercise them to Fire gaining ground, which is to be performed in this manner.  
The Battalion Marching, the Commander in Chief Orders.  The first Ranks of Musketers, Make ready. Halt. 
At which time the whole retalion Halting, He is to Command the first Rank of Musktiers to Present, and Fire.  
When they have Fired, they a to Recover their Arms without any word of Command, and File off very quick to the Rig●● and Left into the Rear. When t●● first Rank Presents, the next Ra●● is to Make ready in course w●●● out any word of Command, A●● as the first Rank Files off, t●● next makes good the Front, A●● so the Battalion is to march ●gain, and every Rank to Fire 〈◊〉 this Method.  
The Pikes are to Charge wh●● every Rank Presents without 〈◊〉 word of Command.   

Firing to the Front Retreating.  
If a Body of men or Battalion be pressed in Front and forced to Retreat, The most commodious way of Firing is by single Ranks in the same Method as in gaining ground, only after every Rank has Fired and Filled off to the Right and Left into the Rear, Instead of the next Rank Advancing to make good the Front of Pikes, The Pikes are to Retreat to the Musketeers, who stand still till the Pikes make an even Front with them, and so every Rank of Shot is to Fire successively in the same manner as the first.   

Of Firing to the Flanks.  
If upon a March a Body o● men be forced to Fire to bo●● Flanks, the way of doing it is th●● The Ranks being at six foot 〈◊〉 stance, Intervals of about 〈◊〉 foot distance are to be left between the Divisions of Mus●●tiers and the Pikes, which the Officers must have a great Care 〈◊〉 keep open, by causing the Musl●tiers to incline to the Right an● Left after every Firing to th● Flanks, which is to be perform●● in this manner.  The Right and Lefthand Files of Musketeers, Mak●● ready. 
Which they are to do and keep along with the Body and not to Face to the Flanks till they are bid Present.  
Assoon as they have Fired they are to Face to the Rear, and so are by a Sergeant to be led athwart it very quick, and so up between their own Divisions, and the Pikes assoon as the outermost Files Face to the Flanks to present, The next File of the Right and Left is to Make ready without any word of Command, and to keep along with the Body till the outermost Files be clear of them, that is, Till they are bid Present, which is the next word of Command the Commander in Chief is to give after he bids the Two first Files Make ready. The Files that Fire are to fall back with their Right Feet and not step forwa●● with their Left.  
In Exercise, this way of Firi●● is to be continued till all the 〈◊〉 have fired.   

Of Firing to the Rear.  
This way of Firing is performed almost the same way as Fir● to the Front Retreating.  The Rear Rank of Mus●●tiers, Make ready. 
At which time the Rear Ra●● stands Cocked and Guarded.  Present. Fi●● 
When they are bid Present they are to turn upon their 〈◊〉 Foot To the Right about, 〈◊〉 cast their Right Leg backwards, then Present & Fire. And immediately assoon as Fired without any word of Command, They are to Recover their Arms, and at a good round rate within three foot of the Body to the Right and Left outwards to March, up into the Front, and there place themselves.  
Assoon as the last Rank is bid Present, the next Rank of Musketeers is to make ready of course without any word of Command, But not to Face to the Rear till they are bid Present.  
Assoon as the first Rank is commanded to Present, the Pikes are to march till the Rear Rank of Pikes come even with the next Rank of Musketeers, which is standing Cocked and Guarded, so that there will be room left in the Front for the Rank of Musketeers that Fire to come up a●● place themselves even with th● first Rank of Pikes, and so every Rank successively is to do 〈◊〉 same by the same Method; Th● Officers and Sergeants are to s● the Soldiers move away qui●● without noise (which of a●● things is most to be avoided) an● that they place themselves rig●● in the Files.  
The word Make ready i● made use of but once, after whic● (as is said before) when the Rea●● Rank is bid Present, the next Rank is to Make ready.   

Of Firing the Street-way.  
If a Street, or any way be to be defended against Horse, where they can Charge only in Front, the best Method is this; If there be fewer Pikes than Musketeers, which most commonly happens, the Rear Half-files of Pikes are to double the Front by these words of Command.  
Rear Half-files of Pikes to the Right Hand, double your Front.  
March.  
Then Musketeers to the Right about, March.  
As soon as they are clear of the Pikes, Musketeers, Face to the Right and Left Inwards. March.  
By which they are to join the Centre of the Pikes.  
Then Face to your Lead●  
The Officers must take care see that the Shot and the Pi●● Wing alike, and that the Muleteers be at no greater dista●● from the Pikes then only to 〈◊〉 room for the Colours, Dr●● and Oboe to be between.  
The Captains are to be in 〈◊〉 first Rank of Pikes, and the Lieutenant's with the Musketeers. 〈◊〉 the Body is greater or lesser, Sargeant or more is to ca●● the two first Ranks of Muleteers to Face to the Right or 〈◊〉  
Assoon as the Officer 〈◊〉 Chief has given Command, Port your Pikes.  
The two first Ranks of Musketeers, Make ready.  March. 
At which Word the Sergeants are to bring up the two first Ranks either to the Right or Left, as is Ordered beforehand, who Filing two and two up into the Front, March athwart it under the Pikes, carrying the Muzzles of their Muskets so as they may neither knock against the Pikes, nor yet do their Leaders any Mischief.  
Being placed under the Pikes, they are to face to the Proper Front without any word of Command, and to make two Ranks.  
That there may be alwa● some Fire reserved, 'tis best 〈◊〉 Fire but one Rank at a time, t●● second standing Cocked an● Guarded, both of them being 〈◊〉 close to the Pikes as they can w●● the conveniency to use their Ar●●  First Rank of Musketeers Kneel. 
Which they are to do by fall 〈◊〉 back with their Right Foot, a●● not stepping forward with th● Left; and to be sure to keep th● Arms straight upright befo●● them, their Left Hands the height of their mouths.  First Rank Present. Fir●● 
Assoon as they have Fired, th● are to Recover their Arms wit● out any word of Command and to File off to the contra●● hand they came up on, as qui●● as 'tis possible, and are to be Led by a Sergeant close by the Body ●nto the Rear, and there placed ●n their Right Files.  
When the Musketeers are bid Present, the Pikes are to Port ve●y low without a word of Command: And as soon as they have ●ired, the Pikes are to Raise their ●ikes again to the height they ●ere at, without a word of Command, which is to avoid be●●g shattered with the Shot.  
The Subaltern Officers must ●●ke care that the next Rank of Musketeers be always ready just 〈◊〉 the Angle to March under the ●●kes in the room of the second ●ank; which upon the Firing of ●●e first, is to take the place of it.  
If the Street to be Defended be ●●ry broad, an Interval must be made (besides the passages on t●● Flanks) wide enough for t●● men on a Breast: For otherwise the long intermission between the Firings will give the Hors● opportunity to Attack them.   

Reduction.  Musketeers, Face to t●● Right and Left outward March. 
As soon as they are clear of 〈◊〉 Pikes.  
Musketeers, to your prop●● Front. March, Till even with the first Rank 〈◊〉 Pikes.  Rear half Files of Pikes, 〈◊〉 the Left about as y●● were. March. 
Which done, the Officers, ●lours, Drums and Oboe are be Commanded to their prop●● Posts.   

Of Firing by a running Fire for Show.  
A Battalion being drawn up or Parade, if they are to Fire by 〈◊〉 running Fire, they are to take ●t either from the Right or from ●he Left, but commonly 'tis be●un on the Right.  
The manner is thus.  
After the Musketeers are Commanded to make Ready (which 〈◊〉 Cocked and Guarded) they are ●o be Ordered to Present in the ●●r, giving Order to the Officer ●n the Right to make the first man (after they are presented) begin to Fire; because if the Word be given aloud, they 〈◊〉 all take it, and Fire a Volley 〈◊〉 stead of a running Peal.  
Every File-leader is to Fi●● a quick as 'tis possible after 〈◊〉 Right-hand Man, and ev●● File is to take care to Fire w●● their File-leader.   

Words of Command for For●ing the Hollow Square.  
The Battalion being draw up, the Ranks at Twelve Fo● distance, and the Files at Th●●● the Muskets Shouldered, and 〈◊〉 Pikes Advanced, the Comma●● is, 
Colours, Drums and H● boys, to the Centre of t● Pikes. March.  
Ranks close forward to O●der. (Which is three large feet.)  
March.  
The three outward most Files of Pikes on the Right and Left, double your Files to the Right and Left inwards. March.  
Rear half-files of Musketeers to the Lefthand, double your Front. March.  
Files close all to the Right to your close Order. March.  
To your Leader.  
Pikes Face square.  
Pikes close forward every way to close Order. March.  
Pikes to your proper Front.  
Left Wing of Musketeers, To the Right about.  
Both Wings of Musketie●  
March.  
Halt.  
Musketeers face to the 〈◊〉  
March.  
Halt.  
Face to your proper Fr●● all.  
Officers and Sergeant take your Posts. March.  
Granadiers take your Pos● in the Angles. March.  
Face Square.  
Musketeers make ready. At which word Command the 〈◊〉 are to Port ●●low, and to co●●nue so, and 〈◊〉 Charge whe● Musketeers Pr●●.  
First Rank kneel. Which they must do so low, & hold their Muskets so, that the two last Ranks may Fire over them.  
The two last Ranks Present. Fire.  
Recover your Arms. At which word of Command, the first Rank stands up with their Muskets Recovered straight before them ready Cocked and Guarded, and the two Ranks that have Fired, Load again.  
Front Rank Present. Fire.  
Recover your Arms. At which Word of Command, the Pikeman Recover their Pikes from their Port.  
To your Leader.  
March.  
Halt.  
Face Square, etc.   
After which Method they 〈◊〉 be made to March them, and 〈◊〉 to every Front, the Soldiers alw● observing that Facing to t●● Leader, is to face that 〈◊〉 wherever the Commander 〈◊〉 Chief is; but to face to the p●per Front, is only that way 〈◊〉 Front of the Bastalion prop●● stood before this figure 〈◊〉 formed.   

Reduction of the Hollow Square.  
They being all faced to the proper Front, the Words of Command are as follow.  
Granadiers take your Posts on the Right of the Battalion.  
March.  
The Right and Left of each Wing of Musketeers, Face to the Right and Left outwards.  
March.  
Halt.  
The Three Files of Pikes of the Right and Left that doubled, As you were.  
March.  
Musketeers, Face to the Right.  
March.  
Halt.  
To your Leader.  
Rear half-files of Musketeers that doubled, To the Right about, as you were.  
March.  
Ranks open backward to twelve Foot. March.  
Colours, Drums and Oboe, to your former Posts.  
March.  
Files close to the Right to close Order. March.  
To your Leader.   

Directions how to Form the Hollow Square.  
The Battalion being Drawn up, the Muskets Shouldered, and the Pikes Advanced, you must first of all Command the Colours, Drums and Honorio boys to the Centre of the Pikes: Which done, you are to make the Ranks close forward to Three large feet distance: Then you must make the three outwardmost Files of Pikes on the Right and Left, to double into the three Files of Pikes on the Right and Left, to double into the three Files of Pikes which are next them on their Right and Left. After which you are to make the Rear half-files of Musketeers to double their front either to the Right or Left; which being done, you must make all the Body close their Files to close Order, and after having faced them again to the Proper Front, you are to make the Pikes face Square, and close forward to close Order, as they then are faced every way; which done, you must make the Pike● face again to their Proper From● Then you Command the Le●● Wing of Shot to face to the Right about; which being done, both Wings of Shot are to March till clear of the Front and Rear of Pikes. After you have made the Musketeers to Halt, both Wings are to face to the Left, and are to be led by the Sergeants cross the Front and Rear of Pikes. That is to say, the Right Wing of Shot to be led (as near the Pikes as they can March) round, till the Head of the Shot comes even with the Left Rear Angle of the Pikes; and the Left Wing of Shot is to be led in like manner round the Rear of the Pikes, till the Head of the Shot comes even with the Right Front Angle of the Pikes.  
Then you must command them all to Face to the proper Front. The Officers are to move with the Musketeers as they move, by which they will naturally fall into the Posts where they are to be, viz. The Lieutenants divided equally into the Four Angles, as also the Sergeants. The Captains are to be divided in the following Manner.  

First Captain To the proper Front.  
Second Captain To the Rear.  
Third Captain To the Right Flank.  
Fourth Captain To the Left Front Angle.  
Fifth Captain To the Right Front Angle.  
Sixth Captain To the Left Front Angle.  
Seventh Captain To the Left Rear Angle.  
Eighth Captain To the Right Rear Angle.   
The Officers are to take Care that every Front of Soldiers do their Duty, and the Captains that are in the Centre of each Front are to retire into the first Rank when the Musketeers Make ready, and are to kneel when the Soldiers kneel, and to perform the same with their Pikes that the Pikemen do. When you have done this, you place your Company of Granadiers (being divided into four equal parts) in the four Angles, and if there be not room enough for them to stand in the Angles without, you must take some of the Files and place them within the Angles with their Daggers in their Firelocks, keeping the rest on the Angles without Three deep, The two last Ranks of which are to Fire with the Musketeers, The Front Rank making ready their Granado's, assoon as ever the Two last Ranks have fired they are to put their Daggers into their Firelocks and stand Charged, and when the first Rank of Musketeers Present, the first Rank of Granadiers are to deliver their Granado's, and assoon as done, they are to unsling their Firelocks and put in their Daggers and stand charged as the rest.  
When you give the Command to Face square the Musketeers on the Right and Left are to Face outwards, and those in the Rear to Face to the Right about, The Three outwardmost Files of Pikes on the Right and Left are to Face outwards, and the Rear half Files of the rest of the Pikes are to Face to the Right about. Those men that are in the Angles, are to Face towards the Points of the Angles, the Musketeers must close backwards as near to the Pikes as they can with convenience to use their Arms, that the Pikes may reach the farther over them.  
The Ensigns are to keep their Colours Advanced and Flying, which are to be Posted within the Square after this Method.  
If there be Ten Colours, The three Colours on the Right are to be against the proper Front of the Battalion, The two Colours next to them are to be against the Right Flank. The two Colours next to them are to be against the Left Flank, and the Three next to them are to be against the Rear, and they are all to Face as the Boby Faces, and to March as they do. The Drums and Ho-boys are to divide themselves equally, to make as much room as they can within the Square.  
The Musketeers being commanded to Make ready, They are all to make the motion of Cocking and Guarding, and at the same time the Pikemen to Port their Pikes very low, (as they stand faced) without any word of Command, as also the Officers.  
You must fire only the Two last Ranks together, that is, The second and third, the first of which being to stoop, the Front Rank or the first Rank of all is to kneel, holding their Muskets so that the two other Ranks may Fire clear of them. Assoon as ever the Second and Third Rank have Fired and Recovered their Arms, the First Rank is to stand up without any other word of Command with their Muskets Cocked and Guarded ready to Present. And at the same time the two other Ranks which have Fired Load their Arms again and Make ready. The Pikes are to continue Ported very low all the while till all the three Ranks have Fired. After the Front Rank stands up, They are to be commanded to Present and Fire, and after that to Recover their Arms, the Pikemen at the same word of Command being to Recover their Pikes. The Front Rank which Fired last and all the rest that have not Primed and Loaded their Arms, are to do it (or in Exercise to make the mo●tion of it) as they March, and are afterwards to Shoulder. The Granadiers are to be Ordered as is before mentioned.  
The reason why the Pikes do not Charge when the Musketeers Present, but continue Ported, is, That the Musketeers in firing may not shatter the ends of them with their Shot, but when the Musketeers have fired, if there be occasion, the Pikes may be made to Charge from their Port in the twinkling of an eye.   

Of the Saluting Posture standing.  
An Officer is to stand in the same posture with his Pike Ordered as a private Soldier, only his Arm stretched out, holding his Pike at Arms end, the Buttend at the same distance from his Right Foot, which keeps it upright.   

To Salute standing.  
The Officer is to fall back with the Right Arm and Leg, keeping the Spear of his Pike directly 〈◊〉 the Rear sloped, just about th● same height as a Soldiers Pike 〈◊〉 when it is Shouldered, his Le●● Toe to the Front, and the middle of his Right Foot against his Le●● Heel, his Left Hand stretched ou● straight before him, he is to take hold of the Pike and turning i● with his Right Hand, to quit that place he had hold of with his Right Hand, and taking hold of the Butt-end with his Right Hand, he is to bring the Spear of the Pike close to the ground, but not to touch it, his Fingers of both Hands straight out assoon as ever he has brought the Spear so low, he is to raise the Pike again, and to bring the Spear backward directly to the Rear at the same Height 'twas at, and bringing up his Right Foot at the same time, brings his Pike up to the Order 'twas at, and then he is to pull off his Hat without bowing, and to keep it off till the Person be past whom he Salutes. He must be sure to observe to do every Motion leisurely, and not too quick. And take Care to have his Salute timed, so that he may be ready to pull off his Hat just as the person he Salutes comes right against him.  
In Saluting he must take care always to stand Faced directly to the Front, or that way the Soldiers Face, and to Salute just so, let the Person he Salutes come which way he will.   

To Salute Marching.  
Assoon as the Officers approach the Person they are to Salute, They must be sure to Shoulder their Pikes from their Comport all together, and to take great care that they do not swing them round, but only turn the Spears directly backwards, and lay them as levelly as 'tis possible to carry them on their Shoulders, their Elbows out.  
When they Salute, they must take great care to do every Mo●tion exactly together and leisurely. And therefore 'twould be necessary for One to give the Word to the rest. And they are to take care that in Saluting they neither stand still nor mend their pace.  
The first motion in Saluting is to dart their Pikes leisurely directly forward upon the same level as they are Shouldered, stretching out their Right Hand as far as they can, advancing at the same time with the Right Foot, and then advancing with the Left Foot, bringing the Right Hand back, they turn their Pikes the Spear directly forward bringing them near the ground, and then raising them again, They bring them to their Shoulder upon a direct level as they were; Which done, They pull off their Hats without bowing, and keep them off till they are passed by the Person they Salute.  
They must be sure to time their Salute so, as to be ready to pull off their Hats just as they come over 〈◊〉 the Person they salute.   

Of the Exercise of Horse.  
THe Exercise of Horse, consisting in fewer words of Command than that of Foot, i● more generally known; and there is little alteration to be made from former practice, but what is rather for Show than Use.  
When a Troop or Squadron is to Exercise, they must have their Carabines and Pistols Loaden, and when the Corporals have been through the Ranks, and seen that they are all ready, the Officer in Chief Commands Silence, and proceeds, as followeth.   

Words of Command.  
Lay your Right Hands on your Swords.  
Draw your Swords.  
Put your Swords into your Bridle hands.  
Lay your Hands on your Pistols.  
Draw your Pistols.  
Cock your Pistols.  
Hold up your Hands.  
Give Fire. Note, that after they have given Fire they must still keep their Hands up till the Word of Command be given to Return their Pistols.  
Return your Pistols.  
The same Words of Command are given for the other Pistol. And then as followeth.  
Lay your Hands on your Carabines.  
Advance your Carabines.  
Cock your Carabines.  
Present your Carabines,  
Fire.  
Let fall your Carabines.  
Take your Swords from your Bridle Hands.  
Return your Swords.  
All which Motions the Officers are to see done exactly at the same time, and therefore must not give the Words of Command too fast.  
When a Body of Horse is Drawn up, the Officers are to stand close to their Men, only he who Commands must be a Horse-length before the rest of the Officers; and the same is to be observed in Marching, for nothing is more unseemly than Officers to be at too great a distance from their Men.  
It is thought requisite to make an Alteration in the manner of Wheeling of Horse; For whereas formerly when a Squadron of Horse was Commanded to Wheel (if it were to the Right) the Right-hand Men Closed to the Left, by which the Ranks were apt to be put out of Order; And therefore the Practice now is, That the Right-hand Men keep their Ground only Turning their Horse Heads to the Right, whilst the Left comes about; In which Motion they must observe their Lefthand Men.  
It is also necessary to practise Horse to Facing to the Left About.  
When a Squadron of Horse is to Charge another, it is better they should do it with their Swords in their Hands, than either with Pistols or Carabines.   

The Exercise of Granadiers on Horseback.  
WHen they are on Horseback, than the Common Exercise used by Horse is most proper for them, only they must strictly observe, that whenever they March, Wheel, Face or Halt, they keep Three foot distance betwixt every File, that they may have room to Dismount their Horses, March through, or Face about. And being thus Marched into the Field, their Arms Charged, and their Hats on, the Word of Command being given to Halt, the Officer in Chief Commanding Silence, is to proceed as followeth, Viz.  
Granadiers have a Care.  
Sling your Muskets. Having your Left hand on your Sling.  
Put on your Caps. Right and Lefthand Me● of each Rank keep Mounted.  
Clear your Right Foot of the Stirrup. At which t●● they are to Handle their Mus●kets, and to cast them backward over their Cloak.  
Sismount. Which is to be done quick and all together.  
Make ready your Links.  
Link your Horses to the Left.  
March clear of your Horses. Which may be done by the second or third Rank Marching through, and assoon as clear, Handling their Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets. Marching, and the Sergeants and Corporals taking care of the Ranks, etc. and that the Files open in their Marching to three foot distance.  
Halt.  
Lay your Right hand on your Musket.  
Poise your Musket, Facing to the Right.  
Rest your Musket.  
Cock and Guard.  
Present.  
Fire.  
Recover your Arms. Half-bending your Muskets.  
Cast about to the Left.  
Draw your Dagger.  
Fix them in your Musket.  
Recover your Arms.  
Charge to the Front.  
To the Right, Charge Four times.  
To the Right about Charge.  
As you were.  
To the Left, Charge Fo●● times.  
To the Left about.  
As you were.  
Recover your Arms.  
Cast about to the Left. Having your Ri●●● Hand on your D●●ger.  
Withdraw your Dagger.  
Return your Dagger.  
Poise your Musket.  
Clean your Pan.  
Open your Cartridge Box.  
Take out your Primer.  
Prime.  
Return your Primer  
Shut your Pan. Bringing your Musket up quick before you.  
Blow off your Lose Corns.  
Cast about to Charge.  
Take out your Cartridge. Immediately after shutting the Cartridge Box.  
Vncap your Cartridge, with your Teeth.  
Load with Powder and Ball.  
Draw forth your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to an Inch.  
Place it in the Barrel.  
Ram home Powder and Ball.  
Withdraw your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to a Handful.  
Return your Scowrer.  
Poise your Musket. Before you.  
Shoulder your Musket.  
Poise your Muskets. Seizing their Slings wi●● their Left Hands.  
Sling your Muskets.  
Handle your Pouch. Stepping forward w●● your Right Leg, yo●● Left Hand at the bo●●tom, all of a height, your Right hand held up all of a height.  
Open your Pouch.  
Take forth your Granade The Right Hand extended before you.  
Shut your Pouch. The left hand held up all of a height, shut them all together at one motion.  
Uncase your Fuse Falling back with your Right Leg even to your Left & facing to the Front.  
Handle your Match. The Left hand to the Left side, both Arms extended. The three ranks doing it together.  
Blow your Match The first Rank only falling back with the Right Leg, blowing a strong blast.  
The first Rank Fire your Fuse.  
Deliver your Granade Afterwards they are to unsling their Muskets.  
At which word of Command the second Rank is to march through on the Right Six Foot before the first, with their Matches ready to blow.  
Blow your Match.  
Fire your Fuse.  
Deliver your Granade Unsling and stand cocked and guarded.  
At which word of Command the Third Rank is to march through on the Right Six Foot before the Second.  
Blow your Match.  
Fire your Fuse.  
Deliver your Granade. Unsling and stand 〈◊〉 and guarded.  
At which word of Command the first or proper Front is 〈◊〉 march through Six Foot.  
First Rank, Present.  
Fire. After which they are to fix their D●●ger in their Musket.  
Which the Second and Thi●● Ranks are to perform in the sam● manner successively by the sam● words of Command.  
Recover your Arms.  
Cast about to the Left.  
Withdraw your Daggers.  
Return your Daggers.  
Poise your Muskets To the proper Front.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
To the Right about. Taking up your first ground, & opening your ranks in your march.  
To your Leaders.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Rest upon your Arms.  
Lay down your Arms.  
To the Right about.  
March. Breaking their Ranks, than the Drum beating they draw their Swords faceing to the Left about, running with a Huzza to their Arms.  
Return your Swords.  
Handle your Arms.  
Recover and Poise.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Face to the Right about.  
Sling your Muskets.  
March to your Horses. The second and third ranks marching and standing at their Horse's Head Facing to the Front.  
Vnlink your Horses.  
Fasten your Links. When done they are shorten their Bridles.  
Put your Foot in your Stirrup At which time the must lay their Muskets over their ●●dles.  
Mount. Which must be done all together and the proper Officers are immediately to take care of 〈◊〉 Ranks.  
Handle your Swords.  
Draw your Swords.  
Place your Swords In your ●●dle Hands.  
Handle your Pistol. Which is aways the 〈◊〉 first.  
Draw your Pistol.  
Cock your Pistol. Keeping your Th●● on the Cock assisted 〈◊〉 the Left Hand.  
Present. The Cock equal with your h●● in height on Exercise.  
Fire. Still holding it up till the next word o● Command.  
Return your Pistol.  
The same for the Right Pistol.  
Handle your Muskets.  
Vnsling your Muskets.  
Mount your Muskets.  
Here if you order the Muskets to be Charged, you may proceed, as followeth.  
Cock your Muskets.  
Present your Muskets. Into the Air.  
Give. fire Keeping the Muzzel still up till the next word of Command.  
Sling your Muskets.  
Handle your Swords. By taking your Swords in your Right Hands.  
Ma●ch  
After which the Officer may proceed to Marching, Face, Wheeling, or what other Exercise he shall think fit and prop●● for them on Horseback and t● show them the Method of charg●ing their Arms on Horseback 〈◊〉 well as on foot, and the words 〈◊〉 Command are to be given so 〈◊〉 stinctly that the other Officers m● have time to see every particular person exactly observe the sam● and that they be accustomed to Fire at Marks both on Horseback and on Foot.   

Exercise of Dragoons.  
'TIs to be supposed, That when the Officer in Chie● comes into the Field, he finds the Dragoons Drawn up in Thr●● Ranks, with their Muskets Advanced: Whereupon Silence being Commanded, The Word is, 
Dragoons have a Care.  
Sling your Muskets.  
Make ready your Links.  
Clear your Right Foot of your Stirrup.  
Dismount, Standing at your Horses Head.   
When they Dismount, the Six Outside Men are to continue Mounted, that they may take Care of the Horses.  
Link your Horses to the Left.  
March clear of your Horses, and Shoulder as you March.  
Halt.  
Then the Battalion is to be Form in the same Method as the foot, by evening the Ranks, and straightening the Files; The Sergeants and Corporals falling into the Flanks and Rear of the Battalion, and the Commission. Officers Forming a Rank in the Rear, which is done by the following words of command, the Officer in Chief standing about Twenty Paces distant from the Front of the Battalion in the middle of it  
Have a care of the Exercise.  
Officers to the Right about.  
Take your Posts in the  
Rear of the Battalion.  
March.  
Dra●goons have a care. At which time they pull off their-right hand Gloves, and place them under their Girdles.  
Lay your Right Hand to your Musket.  
Poise your Musket.  
Rest your Musket.  
Cock and Guard.  
Present.  
Fire.  
Recover your Arms with the Cock half-bent.  
Rest upon your Musket.  
Handle your Dagger.  
Draw forth your Dagger.  
Fix them in the Muzzel of your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Charge to the Front.  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right Charge.  
To the Right about Charge.  
To the Left about Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left Charge.  
To the Left about Charge.  
To the Right about Charge.  
Recover your Arms.  
Rest upon your Muskets.  
Handle your Dagger.  
Withdraw your Dagger.  
Place your Dagger.  
Poise your Musket.  
Rest your Musket.  
Clean the Pan with the Ball of your Thumb.  
Open your Cartridge-Box.  
Handle your Primer.  
Draw forth your Primer.  
Sink and Prime.  
Return your Primer.  
Shut your Pan with your two Fore-fingers.  
Blow off your lose Corns, Recovering your Arms at the same time.  
Cast about to Charge.  
Handle your Cartridge.  
Take out your Cartridge Immediately after shutting your Cartridge Box.  
Open it with your Teeth.  
Charge with Powder and Ball.  
Draw forth your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to an Inch Against your Right Breast.  
Put it into the Muzzel of your Musket.  
Ram down Powder and Ball.  
Withdraw your Scowrer.  
Shorten it to an handful Against your Right Breast.  
Place your Scowrer  
Poise your Muskets.  
Shoulder your Muskets.  
Poise your Muskets.  
Rest upon your Arms.  
Lay down your Arms.  
Quit your Arms.  
To the right about.  
March clear of your Arms. and Break.  
When they are from their Arms, they are at the first Beat of Drum to return to them with a Huzza, and as they run, Draw their Swords: And then every Man is to stand over his own Arms.  
Return your Swords.  
Handle your Arms.  
Rest upon your Arms.  
Poise your Muskets.  
To the Right about.  
March to your Horses.  
Unlink your Horses.  
Shorten your Bridles  
Put your Left Foot in the Stirrup.  
Mount  
Fasten your Links.  
Unsting and advance your Muskets.   

For Firing on Horseback.  
Their Muskets being advanced on their Right Thigh.  
join your Left Hand to your Muskets.  
Cock and Guard.  
Rest your Muskets on your Bridle-hand.  
Present.  
Fire.  
Recover your Arms with the Cock Half-bent.  
Then they are ready to March, Wheel or Face, with or without their Daggers fixed in their Murkets, as the Officer commanding shall think fit.   

Of Encamping.  
THe Major Genral for the day, having with him such of the Guards of Horse, as shall be thought fit, and ordered by the General for the Security of the Camp, is to March before the Army that he may have time to view the ground and to Settle the Camp, not far from Water, if it may be with convenience, Which being done, He is to order the Quarter-Master-General to Set out the Ground to the Majors of the Brigades, who thereupon Set it out to the Adjutants of each Regiment, who divide it for each Troop or Company. The Major General in the mean while is to Ride about the Camp to Post the Main-guards, as he finds best for the Safety of the Army, and is to order the Quartermaster General what ground or Village he shall take up for the King's Quarters, as also some commodious place for the Park of Artillery, and another for the Bread-Carts which is Commonly near the Centre of the Army with the Hospital.  
When every thing hath been done as above mentioned, and the Camp all Marked out, than the Major-General is to send an Aid de Camp to give Notice to the General that all is ready. And at the Entering into the Camp the Major General is to meet the General to give him a full Account of every particular, The Adjutants General of Horse and foot attending always on the General, that they may be ready to Execute his orders, and make Detachments without delay.  
It is the usual Practice to Camp an Army in two Lines, The Second distant from the First Three hundred Paces; that is, From the head of the First Line to the Head of the Second, whereof one hundred and twenty are for the Encamping of the First Line, so that there remains One hundred and eighty Paces for the distance between the last Tents of the first Line and the Head of the Second. And if the Army Encamp with a Reserve, Then the same distance is to be observed by them.  
The Horse are to be posted on the Wings, and the foot in the Middle in such a manner that the Lines of the Camp look towards the Enemy and be Covered behind by a River, Brook, or Marsh, if it may be with Convenience.  
Every Squadron consisting 〈◊〉 Three Troops, and fifty men 〈◊〉 each Troop, must be allowed fi●ty paces. And every Battalion consisting of sixteen Companies and fifty men in each Company, must have One hundred paces allowed for their Encamping.  
All Troops or Companies of Horse or Foot consisting but of fifty men, are to be Encamped on one Row of Baraques or Huts; But when Troops or Companies consist of more men, there must be two Files of Baraques or Huts.  
It is to be observed that in each Squadron or Battalion, The Colonel's Company be always upon the Right or Left, And there make their Row of Huts. Behind them must be left a space for the Street. Then the Second Company makes their Row of Huts, near to which the Third makes theirs, leaving the space of two Foot only between their Huts which is called the Bystreet. And the same thing is to be observed by the Horse.  
The Huts of the Foot always open towards the Street, the Baraques of the cavalry always towards the Horse Heads.  
The Huts of the Quartermaster and Sergeants are always to be at the Head of the Troopers and Soldiers, And the Officers Tents behind.  
The Camp of the first Br●● gade of the Army is on the Righ● Hand of the first Line, That 〈◊〉 the second on the Left, the Third is posted on the Right of the Second Line, the Fourth on the Left, and the rest in the Cente according to their seniority. This is to be observed among the Horse as well as Foot.  
The Dragoons are never to be Encamped in the body of the Army, but have their Camp at the Head, or on the Wing on that side where the greatest danger is, serving always as an out-guard for the Army.  
Every Regiment is to have a Guard at the Head of their Camp, And 〈◊〉 the Major General for the ●ay, takes care to place the great Guard in a proper place and distance from the Army towards the Enemy, choosing for that effect a place where all the Avenues may be discovered. There it is to continue during the day, and at night is to draw off near the Army at the Head of the Foot.  
When an Army Encamps near an Enemy, and there be no river to divide them, the General oftentimes Entrenches his Camp and makes his men pass the night under Arms.  
The Colonel, or Officer of Horse who Mounts the Guard, is to send off an Out-guard, or Advance-guard, consisting of twentey four Troopers commanded by a Lieutenant, whom he posts where he sees most convenient in a place from whence the country about may be easily discovered.  
The Duty of him who commands the great Guard, is to let no person whatsoever pass without an Order, to look every where about, and to send Notice to the General whenever he discovers any Troops or Forces.  
It is to be observed, That the Measure of ground before mentioned, is meant only for Encamping of an Army, For if it were to be Ranged in Battle in case of Service, the distances between the Battalions or Squadrons are to be greater than in a Camp. It must be end eavoured as much as may be, That the Second Line be equal to the first, keeping the same distance upon the right and Left.   

The Particulars of Encamping a Battalion.  
WHen the Quartermaster hath his Ground allotted to him for Encamping a Battalion (which is commonly One hundred Paces) he is to divide it in the manner following, Viz. He must allow Seven Foot Square to each Hutt, Two Foot to the By-streets. and fifteen Foot to the great Streets. Every company consisting of fifty men ought to have Ten Huts; And ' there must be the distance of Two Foot between the Huts. The Kitchens must be marked out at Twelve Foot distance from the last Row of Huts, and are to be placed just over against them, so that the streets may be open quite through for the Officers to pass easily to the Head of the Camp as there shall be occasion. The length of the Kitchins is to be Nine Foot, and the breadth six Foot. There must be Thirty Paces distance between the soldiers Kitchens and the Front of the Captain's Tents; Forty Paces distance between the Captain's Tents and the Front of the Tents of the subaltern Officers; and the remaining Ground is for the Encamping of the Field-Officers, and the Captain's Equipage. The Sutler's are to Encamp behind the Officers Tents: The Colonels, and Field Officers, and Staff-Officers Tents are to be in the Centre of the Battalion, behind the Tents of the Captains.  
There must be twenty or thirty Paces●et ween one Battalion and another: The Sergeant's Huts are to be at the Head of the Soldiers, to open the contrary way; That is, to the Front.  
The Pikes (whether they are placed against a Cross or in a Stand) must be allowed at Eighteen Foot distance from the Huts. The Muskets at Eighteen Foot distance from the Pikes. That is, before them.  
The Colours and Drums are to be set within the Hollow of the Pikes; The Holberts of the Sergeants that March with the Shot, should be placed with the Muskets, and those of the Sergeants that March with the Pikes, with the Pikes.   

The Particulars of Encamping a Squadron.  
WHen a Quartermaster of Horse hath his Ground allotted to him for a Squadron, which is commonly Fifty Paces, He is to divide it in the following manner, Viz. He must allow Three Paces for the length of a Baraque, and Two Paces distance from the opening of the Baraques to the Stakes to which the Horses are fastened, and Three Paces for each Horses standing, and Ten Paces for the Street.  
To the Second Troop is to be allowed Two Paces distance, three Paces for their Baraques, and One Place distance for the By-streets.  
The third Troop must have two Paces distance, three Paces for the Baraques, and three Paces for the Horses, after which there will remain Fifteen Paces, which makes the distance from one Squadron to another.  
If the Squadron be stronger, they must have more Ground, this being only for a Squadron of one hundred and fifty Men in three Troops, each Troop making but one row of Baraques.  
The Colours are to be placed at Eighteen Foot distance from the Front of the Baraques, in the same Line with the Pikes.  
There are commonly ten or twelve Baraques on a row for every Troop of Fifty Men, 〈◊〉 there must be at least two Pac● distance from one Baraque to 〈◊〉 other.  
For the Kitchens belonging to the Troops, the Officers Tent● and the Sutler's which attend up on the Troops, the same measures are to be observed in propor●tion as are used for Encamping 〈◊〉 Foot. By a Pace is meant thr● Foot.   

Orders for Battle.  
Tho' there can be no certain Rules given for any Order of Battle which depends chief upon the Circumstances of Place, and other accidents; yet these short Directions are to serve for an Example to show the nature of the thing by a single Battalion.  
You must first of all command Silence, at which time the Ranks are to be two good Paces distant, and the Files closed in such manner that every Soldier may march at his ease, and so Load and Fire; which will be best effected by every ones keeping the distance of half a Foot from his Right-hand Man; So that they may have liberty of moving their elbows as they March.  
You must Command them to March very slowly, to observe the Right in Marching, and to preserve the Intervals, which are always to be Fifty or Sixty Paces at least, and (if the Ground will afford it) more; that Fifty or Sixty of a Battalion may pass through them with ease, nothing hav● ever proved more prejudicial 〈◊〉 Battle, than the leaving interval too straight.  
None is to speak but the Commander in chief, or the Major (by his Order) who is always to attend his commands.  
To a Battalion of ten Companies, there are supposed to b● (besides the Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel) Eight Captains, and Nine Lieutenants, who are to be Posted in the Form of Battle as followeth.  
Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel, and Five Captains at the Head of the Pikes.  

1st & 3d Captain at the Head of the right Division of Shot.  
2d & 4th Captain at the Head of the Left Division of Shot.  
6th Captain in the Rear of the Pikes.  
7th Captain in the Rear of the Left Wing of Shot.  
8th Captain in the Rear of the Right Wing of Shot.  
● st and 3d Lieutenant at the Head of the right wing of shot.  
● ᵈ and 4th Lieutenant at the Head of the Left Wing of shot.  
5th Lieutenant on the Right Flank.  
6th Lieutenant on the Left Flank.  
7th Lieutenant in the Rear of the Pikes.  
8th Lieutenant in the Rear of the Left Wing of shot.  
9th Lieutenant in the Rear of the Right Wing of Shot.   
Which Rule is to be observe whether the Colonel or Lieu●●nan-Colonel be present or 〈◊〉 by placing the Eldest Captains at the Head of the Pikes, and so proceeding in the Method be●●●● specified, the Youngest bein● Posted in the Rear, what ever th● Number of Officers may be, unless the General or Command● in Chief give Orders to Post the● otherwise, as there may be occasion.  
Advancing against the Enem● in Battle out of Musket-shot, the Captains and other Officers at the Head of the Battalion are all to March in a Line with their Pikes in their Hands two good Paces before the Men, and are often to look behind them, be cause otherwise they may insen●sibly get too much before the Body and the Soldiers by following too fast, fall into Disorder, whereof great care is to be taken in Marching against an Enemy.  
When Musketeers come within Shot, and March ready with their Muskets Guarded, the Ranks should be closed forwards to Swords point; the Distance of Files is to be preserved, as hath been said already.  
In a Battle, the Captains and other Officers are to March in a Line; But coming within Shot of the Enemy, and the Musketeers Marching ready Cocked and Guarded, when the first Rank is commanded to Kneel, the whole Line of Captains and other Officers is to retire, each of them into the Intervals of his files next behind his Post, yet so that they 〈◊〉 look to the Right and Left of 〈◊〉 Battalion.  
The Officer Commanding the Rear, is to observe that the Battalion keep Marching, to cause 〈◊〉 Soldiers to close for wards ealey without noise or confusion. H● chief care is, to comma●● the Pikes to March alwa● even with the Wings of Sh●● For it often happens, that 〈◊〉 Marching any considerable tim● in Battle the Wings Advance and Form a halfmoon, so tha● the Pikes in the middle being extremely pressed upon, the Battallelion falls into confusion; ●●provided the motion of the Pike be equal with the Right an● Left, the Battalion cannot be d●ordered in its March. Abo●● all, care must be taken to preserve the distance in Rank and File, according to what has been said already.  
The Granadiers (when there are any) are to be drawn up on the Right of the Battalion and to augment it, without intermixing with it, or troubling the Order of it, they being a separate number of Men that are to be always ready for whatsoever shall be commanded them.  
The Commander of a Battalion may be on Horse back at the Head of it, when the Captains are on Foot, with their Pikes in their Hands, in as much as he is to be stirring to a●l parts, to see that they March as they should; and above all, that none speak xcept himself, or the Major by his Order; And is to alight when the Musketeers make Ready and to March with his Pike Charged against the Enemy.  
When an Army is drawn up f●● Battle, the usual distance between the Lines is Three hundred Paces.   

Of Garrisons and Guards.  
THe Officers usually placed in 〈◊〉 Garrison, are a Governor, a Lieutenant-Governour, a Mayor Aid-Major, and Captains of the Gates.  
It is the Governors' part to have a continual care of the Preservation of the Place Entrusted to him. Hi● Office is to appoint the Guards, Rounds, and Patrolls, to give the Word every Evening, visit the Posts, keep the Officers and Soldiers to their Duty, Charge them to be diligent, and to send out frequent parties as well to learn News of the Enemy; as to Raise Contributions from ●he neighbouring Country.  
The Lieutenant-Governour, or officer in Chief, Commands in the Place and Government in absence of ●he Governor, with the same Authority.  
The Major sees the Guards Mounted, the Rounds and Posts Assigned, ●●e Regulates the Sentinels, goes every Evening to receive the Word from the Governor, and gives it about ●pon the Place of Arms, to the Quartermasters and Sergeants of the Garrison. He goes his Round● Major, Visits the Corpse of Guards, and sees that all the Soldiers Arms are fixed and in good Order; He causes necessary Ammunition to be distributed among them, Order the Gates to be opened and shut, and gives the Governor an exact accou● of all that passes in the Place.  
The Aid-majors are more 〈◊〉 less in number, according to the greatness of Places; They go the Rounds with the Major by turns, and the Duty of their Places differs nothing at all from his, they being as Assistants to him.  
The Care of the Captains of the Gates is to go Evening and Morning to the Governors' house, to receive the Keys of the Gates, that they may open and shut them.  
There is usually in every Garrison (especially a Frontier Town) a Commissary of Artillery, a store-keeper, who keeps Account of all the Ammunition, and distributes it according to the Governors' Order, a certain number of Gunners, whereof there is always to be one on the Guard at the Batteries, a Commissary of Provisions who hath the Charge of the Corn, Flower. and all that may serve for the sustenance of a Garrison.  
The Officers who are in a Garrison, own all Obedience and Respect to the Governor or Commander in Chief, and they cannot be absent for any Reason soever, without a permission fr●●● him in Writing, or from the Person that commands there in his absence.  
In Garrison, some Men are to be placed at the Gates, whose Care is only to observe Strangers that come in and go out, and according to the comparing the Memorials which they and all the Innkeepers of the Town are to bring every Evening to the Major; It is known how many Strangers are every night in the Place, whatever they are, and where they Lodge.  
The hour of Mounting the Guard is different in Garrisons, according to the inclination of the Governors. In some places it is done at the break of day, because at the time when the Ga●● are opened (which are the usual hour of Surprises.) Two thirds of the Garrison are in Arms; others Mount it at Ten of the Clock in the Forenoon, or towards the Evening, but the most usual time is at Two of the Clock in the Afternoon.  
Whilst the Drums beat for the Guard, the Sergeants or Corporals are to go the Major's House, who makes them cast Lots for the Posts and Rounds, and writs them down in a Register kept for that purpose.  
Having, done so, they return to their Companies or Squadrons, who gather together before the Captain's Quarters, and if they do not Mount by whole Companies, but by Detached Men (which is the most practicable way of doing Duty) the Sergeants Led them in good Order, Drums Beating as far as the Place of Arms, to that part where the Guards of the Post which has fallen to their share, aught to meet.  
When all the Detachments are Drawn up on the place of Arms, Form ready for the Guards, th● Major or Aid-major makes th● Officers draw Lots for the Post and Rounds, beginning by the Captains; and ending at the Sergeants.  
At the Places which are weakest, and where there is greatest danger, there ought to be a stronger Guard Commanded by a Captain, with a Sub-Lieutenant or Ensign, and two or three Sergeants.  
The guards being Set, and the Officers having taken their Posts, the Major gins to make the guard of the Place of Arms (or the Mainguard) March off, than those of the Gates and Bastions: And lastly, those that are without.  
Whilst the Guard is Mounting, the Officers of the Guard that is to be Relieved, put their Soldiers in Arms and draw from the Guard, that they may leave the Place to the Guard that is to Relieve them, and Post themselves over against them, every Officer standing in his post at the Head of them.  
The Officers of the Guard that is Relieved Delivers to them whatever Orders there are, the Corporals do the like to their Comrades, they Charge them with Furniture of the Corpse of Gu●● and informs them of the Num●● of Sentinels that are to be 〈◊〉 well by Night as by Day, and what they have to do extraordinary:  
The Consignations being made, an● the Sentinels Relieved, the Office● of the Guard that is Reliev● March off their Soldiers to 〈◊〉 Place of Arms; where when 〈◊〉 have Drawn them up, they dis●● them.  
The Officers of the Guard t●● have Mounted, Command the S●●diers to set down their Arm 〈◊〉 these Words of Command, the 〈◊〉 being Advanced, and Musket's Sh●●dred.  
Recover Your Arms.  
Ranks, File Off by Division To the Right (or Left) March.  
Set down your Arms in good Order.  
As soon as the Arms are set down, the Officers are to Order the Corporals to take care that they be in condition to Fire, and that the Bandeliers be provided with Powder and Ball, Flints or Match, and to give strict Command to the Sentinels that are at the Gates, never to suffer any stop of Wagons or Carts upon the Bridges, Charging them to stop the Carriages that come in or go out, until they know that no others are coming to meet them.  
When a stranger on Horseback or Foot, offers to come into the Town, the Out-Sentinels a●● stop him, then to call the Corporal, who give notice of it to t●● Officer, and the Officer 〈◊〉 one or two Musketeers with 〈◊〉 to the Governors' House.  
At what distance soever a Sen●tinel discovers any Troops, he ought to give notice thereof to the corpse of Guard, and the Office causes immediately the Barr●● to be made fast, or a Bridge to 〈◊〉 Drawn, letting no body in, unles● the Major or Aid-major bring Orders for it from the Governor's  
When it is time to shut t●● Gates, the Bell is rung to call 〈◊〉 those that are abroad in the Field and the Aid-majors, or Capta●● of the Gates, attended by som● Musketeers of the Mainguard come to the Governors' house for the Keys, and as soon as they come to the Gates, the Officers Draw the Guard in Two Ranks, and Order the Musketeers to stand Guarded, and send some of the Pikemen to help to Draw up the Bridges.  
After the gates are shut, One half of the Guard is to be drawn upon the Rampart to pass the Night in the Corpse of Guard of the Curtains or Bastions. The Corporals send some Soldiers for Firing and Candle, And Sergeants go to the Place of Arms to receive the Word which is no sooner given but the Sergeants of the Guard carry the Word to their Officers, and give it about among the Corporals, who command the Sentinels, to suffer no body after that time to pass upon th● Ramparts without commanding them to stand and giving Notice of it to the Corpse of Guard.  
The Taptoe or Retreat is be●●en either at Nine or Ten, as th● Governor directs.  
When the Major goes the Round, the Officers of the Guard receive him by the Corporal and Two Musketeers, and give him th● Word once only, ‖ That is, at his Round-Major.  
When the Governor, Lieutenant-Governour or Commander in Chief go the Round, The Offi●cers having Ranked their Soldiers before the Guard without Arms, Send a Corporal and Four● Musketeers to receive them Te●● Paces off. And are to give them the Word as often as they please to demand it. All other Rounds without exception ought to give the Word to the Corporals or Lanspesades of the Corpse of Guards who receive it with the point of their naked sword at the Breast of him who gives it.  
In Garrisons hat are well guarded, the Rounds go every quarter of an hour, To the end the Rampart may never be unfurnished. And that there may be an exactness in it, They carry Medals of Lead from guard to guard, so that if there be any neglect it may be found where it was.  
The Rounds are made with Light, and so soon as a Sentinel perceives any, it is his duty to cry, Who comes there? so loud that he may be heard by the next Corpse of Guard. He who goes Round should Answer.  
The Round. Or  
The Round-Major. Or  
The Governors Round.  
The Sentinels by whom he passes should always rest their Arms, and ne●● permit any whomsoever to come to near them. When he draws nea● Corpse of Guard, The Sentinel before the Arms shall ask him very loud.  Who comes there? 
So soon as he answers The Round. The Sentinel is to call to him to Stand.  
And to the Corporal to Come forth.  
Thereupon the Corporal is to come immediately out of the Corpse of Guards, to draw his Sword and ask, Who comes there?  
When he is answered, The Round. He is to say, Let him who has the Word Advance.  
Then the Round Advances and gives the Word into the Corporals Ears so low that he cannot be heard of any body else. But if one should give any other Word then what is true, He ought to be stopped, And the Officer of the guard is to be acquainted with it, who either keeps him all night a prisoner, or disposes of him as he th●● proper.  
Though all Sentinels rest the● Muskets in the night, and stand with their Pikes Charged when an● Round or Officer comes by, ye● in the day the Muskets are to b● Shouldered, and the Pikes Ordered.  
The Out-corps of Guard m●● Rounds about the covered way but give no word, they being only made to hearken, and every Soldier goes the Round by turns.  
The Patrolls are made in th● Streets by a Sergeant and six Musketeers of the Mainguard to cau●● the Soldiers to retire to the●● Quarters, The public Houses 〈◊〉 shut their Doors, and to hind● the Disorders that may be co●●mitted stopping and carrying to the Guard all that are found in the Streets without Light and disorderly.  
At what hour soever the Alarm is Rung, all the Companies are with speed and diligence to assemble before their Captain's Quarters, who are to lead them to the Posts that have been appointed them by the Major.  
At the Break of Day the Drums Beat the Reveille, the Aid-Majors and Captains of the Gates come to the Governors for the Keys, and the Officers of the Guards bring off the Soldiers that passed the night on the Ramparts, and Rank them in two Ranks, and make them stand with their Arms guarded whilst the Gates are Opening. The Majors send a Sergeant with some Musketeers ●●scout in the Suburbs and in the Hollow ways about the Town, and draw the Bridge upon them until they come back. When they bring an account that there is no Danger, the rest of the Bridges are let down. The Corporals place the Out-sentinels whom they i● form of what they have to d●. The Majors and Captains of t●● Gates carry back the Keys to the Governors' House, and the Offi●cers make the Soldiers set dow● their Arms.  
In Garrisons that are well provided with Horse, The Gov●nour places daily a Guard of F●●● Troopers, and sends every mo●●ing an Officer with some Hor●● men to Beat the Road a Mile● Two round the place.  
Every Officer of a guard is to answer for his Post, and no man, not so much as his Colonel can Command him in any thing except the Governor of the Place, or he who Commands in his absence.  
All Governors or Commanders in Chief aught to have a Sentinel at their Door; and as often as they pass by any Corpse of guard, the Officers are obliged to draw out their Soldiers before the guard in a Rank without Arms and stand at their Head.  
If the Governor or commander of a Place be a Lieutenant-General, he is to have a a Guard at his door consisting of a Lieutenant, Sargeant and Thirty men, who are to be under Arms as well as the other Corpse of Guard every time he passes, but the Drums are not to Beat the March.  
If the Commander of a Place be a General, he is to have a Guard of Fifty men Commanded by a Captain, a Lieutenant, a Sub-Lieutenant or an Ensign and two Sergeants, And all Corpse of Guard are obliged to be under Arms when he passes, and the Drums to beat the March.  
When any Prince of the Blood, or General of an Army passes through a● Garrison, The Governor furnishes them with a Foot-Guard; And at their Entry and Departure Salute them with Cannon.  
Memorandum, All Field-Offic●● and Commanders of Battalions 〈◊〉 exempted from mounting of Guards.  
That the Regiments and Troops of Guards are never to Roll with any other Regiments or Troops, but are always to choose their Posts.  
That the Sergeants of the Regiments of Guards are never to receive Orders in the Ring with any other Sergeants, but in a Ring separately.   

General Directions.  
THe Officers are to take great Care that their Soldiers keep themselves cleanly and handsome in their , as well as their Arms in good order, It being as much the duty of an Officer to see that a Soldiers  and Shoes and Stockings be as they ought to be, as their Arms, & especially upon Mounting of Guards or coming upon Duty They are to see that t●● have every thing in order.  
The Captains of Foot, Lieutenant's and Ensigns are to wear th●● Gorgets whenever they are up●● Duty, or appear in Arms w●● their Companies.  
'Tis very necessary for all Captains and Commanders of Companies to practise their Musketeers to Exercise Pikes, and their Pike-men Musket●. As also to practise their men to Shoot at a Mark, which is extreme useful.  
'Tis to be observed that in Marching a Battalion in Three Divisions, th● Distances between the Divisions b● neither too great nor too little, The best Rule for which is the judgement of the Officers, to keep just so much Distance between the Divisions as is necessary to Wheel a Division to make good the Front, as if you were to draw up on a sudden.  
In Marching by Subdivisions also, the same Method is best for the distances between every Division.  
No Sentinel or Soldier under Arms ●s to bow or pull off his Hat.  
It is likewise to be observed, That when the Pikes or Muskets of a Body, of men are all Ordered, and that they be to Shoulder their Muskets and advance their Pikes, The Musketeers to be Commanded to Poise and Shoulder their Muskets before the Pikes are to advance.  
When Officers are at any time to be Divided and Posted, It is to be done by the Odd and Even, the most easy way.  
Upon Detachments or part●● all Officers of Horse are to command according to the Dates o● their Commissions, and all Officers of Foot according to t●● Ranks of their Regiments, and not according to their Commissions, But the Lieutenant and Ensigns of the same Re●ment upon such Detachmen● or Parties are to command among themselves, according 〈◊〉 their commissions, and not 〈◊〉 Rank of their Companies.  
In Marching off any 〈◊〉 rade or Place where men a drawn up, The Pikes are to continued Advanced till they ha●● Marched clear off the Place▪ Arms, The like is to be observ● when a Body of men are to draw up, or that they March before any Person that comes to view them.  
No Soldiers are to March with any Coats on their Arms, or Sticks in their Hands, or any thing to encumber them.   

Of Counsels of War, or Courts-Martial.  
IN an Army the Council of War is always to meet at the General's Quarters or Tent, And none are called to it, but the Lieutenant-Generals, the Major-General, the Brigadiers, and the Colonels or Commanders of Bodies when the Matters concern their Regiments.  
Private Counsels of War or Cou●●● Martial in a Garrison are either Held at the Governors' House, at 〈◊〉 Mainguard, or where the Governor orders. In a Camp, at the Colonel's Tent, who causes Notice 〈◊〉 be given to the Captains to be present.  
When all are met, The Governor or Colonel or he who is 〈◊〉 Sat as Precedent, takes his place at the head of the Table, the Captai●● Sat about according to their Seniority (that is to say) The First Captain on the Right Hand of him that Presides, The Second on the Left, a●● so of the rest. And the Town-M●●jor or the Aid-Major or Quarter Master of the Regiment, who in the absence of the Judge-Advocat di●charges his Office, is to Sat in 〈◊〉 Place at the lower end of Table.  
The Lieutenants, Sublieutenants and Ensigns have right to Enter into the Room where the Council of War (or Court-Martial) is held, But they are to stand at the Captain's backs with their Hats off, and have no Vote.  
If the Council be Called to Deliberate on some Matter of Consequence, The Precedent having Opened it to the Court, Asks their Opinions.  
The Youngest Officer gives his Opinion first, and the rest in order till it come to the Precedent, who speaks last. The Opinions of every one being set down in Writing, the Result is drawn conformable to the Plurality of Votes, which is Signed by the Precedent only.  
If the Council of War, or Court-Martial be Held to Judge a Criminal, The Precedent and Captains having take● their places, and the Prisoner being brought before them, And the Informations read, The Precedent Interrogatee the Prisoner about all the facts whereof he is accused, and having heard h● defence, and the Proof made or alledged against him, He is ordered to withdraw, being remitted to the care of the Marshal or Jailor. Then every one Judges according to his Conscience, and the Ordinances or Article of War, The Sentence is framed according to the plurality of Votes, and the Criminal being brought in again, The Sentence is Pronounced to him in the Name of the Council of War, or Court-Martial.  
When the Criminal is Condemned to any Punishment, the Provost-Marshal causes the Sentence to be put in Eexecution, And if it be a public Punishment, the Regiment ought to be drawn together to see it, that thereby the Soldiers may be deterred from offending. Before a Soldier be punished for any infamous Crime, he is to be publicly Degraded from his Arms and his Coat stripped over his Ears.  
A Council of War or Court-Martial is to consist of Seven at least with the Precedent, when so many Officers can be brought together, And if it so happen, that there be not Captains enough to make up that Number, the inferior Officers may be called in.   
FINIS.