THE EXERCISE OF THE FOOT WITH THE EVOLUTIONS, According to the Words of Command, As they are Explained. AS ALSO, The Forming of Battalions, With Directions to be observed by all Colonels, Captains, and other Officers in Their Majesty's Armies. Likewise, The EXERCISE of the DRAGOONS Both on Horseback and Foot. With the Rules of WAR in the day of Battle, when Encountering with the Enemy. Ordered by Sir THOMAS LIVINGSTON, Major General, and Commander in Chief of Their Majesty's Forces in SCOTLAND. Recommended to All (Officers as well as Soldiers) in Their MAJESTY'S Armies. Edinburgh, Prined by John Reid, and sold at his Printing house in Bell's-Wynd. 1693. READER, THere is not set down in this Book the Words of Command and no more, as is done in most of Military Books, Or so obscure, that they are not easily understood, But in this, after the Word of Command is the Explanation, in number and Order. There is also joined the Exercise of Dragoons both on Horse back & Foot, by Sir Thomas Livingston, Major General, and Commander in Chief of Their Majesty's Forces in this Kingdom; Who hath likewise caused Revise and Correct the faults passed in the Printing of the Book at first, entitled the Exercise of the Foot, etc. Likewise, Caused Affix to the end of the Book Lieutenant General Mackays Rules of War for the Infantry, to be Observed when they are to Encounter with the Enemy in the day of Battle. Recommended to All, (Officers as well as Soldiers) of Their Majesty's Armies. And for the easier way to find out the Heads Treated of, The following Index will direct. The INDEX Of all the Heads Treated of. 1st, General Observations, 3 page 2d. Orders and words of Command, for the Exercise of the Musket, etc. 5 page 3d. The Words of Command, with the Explantion, how a Soldier should Order his Musket, from page (in number) 1. to 2●. 4th. The Exercise of the Granadeer, with the Explanation, beginning when they are under Arms, viz. The Fire lock shouldered: Beginning at page 25, and ending at page 40 5th. The Exercise of the Pike, beginning from the Advance: from page 41. to page 60. 6th. General Words of Command for the Evolutions. page 60. 7th. Evolution with Musketeers and Pikemen together, in Battalions from page 64 to 100 8th. Rules for the Forming of Battalions, Posting of Officers, Salutes, etc. from page 100 9th. Also Affixed. The Exercise of Dragoon both on Horseback and Foot. 10th. With, The Rules of War in the day of Battle. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. I. FIrst, It is to be understood, That the Colonel, during the time of the Exercise, remains at the Head of the Battalion, The Lieutenant Colonel and the other Officers, at the first Beat of Drum, Face to the Right about, and at the second sign by the Beat of Drum, Advance their Arms, and march through the Battalion, placing themselves in the Rear, in the same order they were before in the Front; Excepting the Lieutenant Colonel, who places himself in the Rear of the Captains, where they are to stand till the Exercise be done. At the same time the Sergeants, who are posted on the Wings, as also the Drummers of both Wings, are to place themselves behind the Battalion, next, or in an equal Line with the other Sergeants, and the Drummers that stand in the Centre before the Pikes, are at the same time to place themselves behind the Major, that they may be always ready when any Sign is to be given, for the Exercise by Beat of Drum. II. When Notice is given by Beat of Drum, after the Exercise is done, the Officers Advance their Arms again, and march through the Battalion; and Place themselves in their former Post at the Head of the Battalion. At the same time the Sergeants of the Wings, as also the Drummers, return to their former Posts. III. It must be taken for a General Rule, That nothing be done, nor any motion made, until the last word of every Command be fully delivered, than all is to be Performed with a graceful Readiness and Exactness. Orders, and Words of Command, for the Exercise of the Musket, with the Explanation, the Musket being Shouldered. I. THe Soldier having his Musket Shouldered, must stand with strait Body, holding up his Head without moving, always looking to the Commanding Officer, and make no other Motion than what's Commanded him. This is to be observed as a General Rule in Commands. II. The Feet are to be at one step distance, the Heels in a strait Line, the Toes a little turned outwards. III. The Musket must lie upon the Left Shoulder, and the Left Hand upon the Buttend, the Thumb in the Hollow thereof, pressing the Guard hard against the Breast, that the Muzzel of the Musket may be mounted; the Lock must be turned a'little outwards, so that the under Part of the Buttend come strait with the middle of the Body, that the Musket may more easily be born. iv The Match must be in the Left Hand, the one End betwixt the first and second Fingers, and the other between the two last, both Ends standing about a Finger's length out of the back of the hand; the rest of the match hangs down by the inside of the butt end of the Musket; and because the Match is not to be laid down in the ordinary Exercise, so it is not to be lighted, without express Command. V The Musket being shouldered, the Left Elbow must be a little turned upwards from the Body, but without constraint of the arm, the Right Arm hanging closely downward along the Body, with the Palm of the hand turned to the Thigh. Words of Command. 1. join your Right hand to your Muskets. Explanation. YOUR Musket being carried in the forementioned posture, upon the Left Shoulder, you must turn it inwards with the Left Hand, and at once take hold with your Right Hand behind the Pan, that the Thumb of your Right Hand come on the Stock upwards, and both Elbows in an equal Line, the Musket strait, and the Butt end a little mounted. Words of Command. 2 Poise your Muskets. Explanation. Note, That when the musket is put on, or taken from the shoulder, you must alwayee look towards the Left Hand, yet without turning the Head At this Word of Command, with both your Hands with a quick Motion you bring up the Musket from your Shoulder, and at the same time, without holding it still, thrust it from you with It is to be observeâ, that in all Telling, you never make th● motio, till you come to the last Number, and that the telling the last Number and the moti be done at one time. the Right Hand, (in doing which let lose the Left Hand and let it fall down your side) so that the Lock be turned outwards, the Thumb inwards against your Face, your Feet straight against one another, unconstrained, and standing still. Words of Command. 3. join your Left Hand to your Muskets. Explanation. Let your Musket sink quickly with your Right Hand, and at the same time falling back with the Right Foot, take hold of it with the Left Hand almost in an equal Balance, about two Hands breadth above the the Cock, that the Stock lie in the full Hand, and the Thumb upwards, and that the Muzzel hang a little forward, so low as the Hands and Arms will permit without constraint, holding both Elbows a little turned outwards, the Right Foot a little turned towards the Right side, the Left Knee a little Bending, the Body straight, you hold the Musket on the Right Side a little from the Body, that the Body and Face present itself as much forward as may be, and ●he Hand remain unconstrained under the Pan. Words of Command. 4 Take your Matches. Explanation. Take that end of the Match which is held between the two last Fingers of your Left Hand, with your Thumb under, and your too foremost Fingers above the same, and ●ell 1, 2, bring it quick out of your Left Hand, hold it a little lower than the Left Hand, is and about a foot distance from the Pan with the Coal or end downwards, and keep your Body in the same posture as before. Words of Command. 5 Blow your Matches. Explanation. In the Blowing of the Match, you must hold your Head still, and bring with your Right Hand the lighted Match against your Mouth, tell slowly 1, 2, blow the Match quick and strong, and bring the same with a motion somewhat quick to its former place with the Coal as before downwards. Words of Command. 6. Cock your Matches. Explanation. Put your two foremost Fingers a little asunder, bringing the Match above the Cock, thrust in the same with your Thumb in such a manner that the Cock comes between your two Fingers, and the Thumb upon it, keep your hand thus till the following Command. Words of Command. 7. Try your Matches. Explanation. Bring the Cocked Match to the Pan, if it be too low, you must raise it a little upwards with your undermost Fingers, and if it be too high, you bend it downwards with your foremost Finger and your thumb, till it comes just in the middle of your Pan, and being thus well fixed, you must bring it with the Cock back again, holding it fast till the following Command. Words of Command. 8. Guard your Pans. Explanation. Let lose your hand from the Cocked Match, and cover your Pan with your Two or three foremost Fingers (if the breadth of the Pan Require it) placing your Thumb behind the Pan. Words of Command. 9 Blow your Matches. Explanation. As before you move not your head, and bring the Musket with both hands just before the middle of your Body (at the same time bringing up your Right Foot) the Cock must come just against the Mouth, tell slowly 1, 2, blow your Match hard, and thrusting the Musket suddenly from you, hold it with outstreached Arms before you, so as the Left Hand comes no higher than your Left Shoulder, and stand still. Words of Command. 10. Present. Explanation. In presenting the Musket, it must come from the former Posture with the falling back of the Right Foot (though a little to the Right Side, and not behind the Left Foot, that the body may the better prese●● itself forward) and so brought to yo● Breast and as soon as it is brought to yo● Breast; the Pan is to be opened; The Mus●● is held with the Right Hand under the Pa● so that the Thumb lies in the hollow of Butt; the foremost Finger before the Tric●● (yet without touching the Tricker) 〈◊〉 the Three other Fingers upon the Guard; Musket in Presenting must not come too 〈◊〉 on the Breast, but be set firm in the hollow the Right Shoulder; And must be held strongly, you must keep up your Body straight, ●●●●●●ly, pressed down a little against the Musket. Elbows as much as possible in an equal L●●● with the Butt alittle below the straight Line, Breast high, the Head straight upwards, the● Knee a little bent. Words of Command. 11. Give Fire Explanation. As soon as this Command is given, 〈◊〉 draw the Tricker with the First Fine which you held before the Tricker, draw the cocked Match quick and strong upon Pan. If it discharge or not you must ha●● special care that you draw your Tricker once. Words of Command. 12. Recover your Arms. Explanation. Bring up your Musket quick again strait before you, together with your right Foot, and keep the posture; as in Explan: Nine is shown. Words of Command. 13 Return your Matches. Explanation. Take the Match with the right Thumb under, and the two fore fingers above, and with a turned, or back hand, bring it out of the Cock, to the two last Fingers from whence it was taken before, tell 1, 2, and join your Right Hand again under your Pan Words of Command. 14 Blow your Pans. Explanation. Keep still your head, and bring up the Musket with both hands strait before your Mouth, tell slowly 1, 2, blow the Pan strong and quick, bringing the Musket again with a quick Motion before the Body. Words of Command. 15 Handle your Primers. Explanation Fall back quick with the Right Foot behind the Left, that the Heels, come strait behind one another, and bring down at the same time with a nimble Motion your Musket with both hands, holding the muzzel a little lower than was shown in Explain. 3. Tell 1, 2, upon that take hold of the Primer; the Thumb upwards upon the cover, tell again 1, 2, and bring it upwards about a hands breadth from the Pan. Words of Command. 16 Prime. Explanation. Hold your Musket still, turn up your hand with the Primer, and shake out as much powder upon the Pan as is needful, tell 1, 2, bring it again to its former place, and remain in that posture till the following word of Command. Words of Command. 17 Shut your pans. Explanation. Open your right hand, let fall the Primer than shut the pan with a full hand, that your Fingers lie against the undermost part of the Stock, tell slowly 1, 2, bring up the musket with both Hands before your Body, bringing up the Right Foot again at the same time, in which bringing up, you put your right hand under the Pan, and with outstretched Arms remain in that Posture, as in Explanation 9 Words of Command. 18 Blow your Pan's Explanation. Hold still your Head, and bring the musket with both Hands strait before your mouth, tell slowly 1, 2, blow off your lose Corns from the cover of your pan hard and quick, and thrusting your musket with a quick motion from the Body, bring it to the former posture again. Words of Command. 19 Cast about to Charge. Explanation. Turn the musket with both Hands, so that the Barrel come outmost, and tell slowly 1, 2, let go the Right Hand, bring down the musket with the left, step one Place forward with the Right Foot, though not directly before the Left, but placed a little to the Right side, that the Body present itself the better forward, take hold of it at the Muzzel with your Right hand, that the bringing down of the Musket, the putting down of the Right Foot, and the taking hold of the Muzzel, be done at one time; hold you● Thumb upwards upon the Stock along the Rammer, and the Barrel downwards i● your full Hand, keeping the Body strait only the Right Knee a little bent, which remains thus bend all the time you Charge keep the musket strait before your Body with both Hands and outstreached Arms the muzzel standing strait forwards. Words of Command. 20 Handle your Chargers Explanation. Bring the musket with both hands stra● to your Body; tell 1, 2; quit your musket with your Right Hand holding it with your full left hand, about the middle in balance, with the Muzzel a little forwards and then take hold of one of your Chargen or Bandeliers, telling again slowly 1, 2, bringing the same forward a little higher, and about a hands breadth sidewayes off from the Muzzel, the Thumb upwards upon the cover of the Charger. Words of Command. 21 Open them with your Teeth Explanation Bring the Charger to your Mouth, pulling off the Cap with your Teeth, and the help of your Thumb; Tell 1, 2, and bring it to its former place, keeping your Thumb upwards upon the Charger. Words of Command. 22 Charge with Powder Explanation Bring your Charger to the Muzzel, turning it up; pouring the Powder in the Barrel; Continue in this posture, till the following word of Command. Words of Command 23 Charge with Bullet Explanation Open your Hand, and drop your Charger; take the Bullet out of your mouth with your Fingers; tell 1, 2, and with your Fingers bring it to the muzzel; Let the Ball run down; keep your two foremost fingers upon the muzzel, the rest of the fingers hanging down the Barrel, till the following word of Command be given. Words of Command 24 Wad from your Hats. Explanation Take with your Right hand some of the Wad that sticks between your Hatband and your Hat, tell slowly 1, 2, and bring the same, as you did the Bullet, to the muzzel, pressing it in with your Fingers; leave your two Fingers upon the muzzel, as before, the rest hanging down by the Barrel. Words of Command. 25. Draw forth your Rammers. Explanation. Take your Rammers with the Fingers of the Right Hand, holding the Thumb upwards, draw out the same, so far as your Arm can well reach, then take hold of it again turning the Right Hand, so that the Thumb comes downward to the upper end of the Stock, or about the uppermost Ring; tell slowly 1, 2, draw it then wholly out; at this second drawing, hold it between the Thumb and the two foremost Fingers, the which, with the rest of the Fingers and the whole Arm, must be stretched out even with the Right Shoulder, that the small end be towards the Body, and the thick part outward in an even Line. Words of Command. 26 Hold them up. Explanation. Move your middlemost Finger which support the Rammer, and let the thick end sink down, and hold it so in your hand, with an outstretched Arm, the Thumb turned upwards in the same height with your Shoulder. Words of Command. 27 Shorten them against your Breasts. Explanation. Set the thick end of the Rammer against the lower part of your Right Breast in an equal Line with the Musket; tell 1, 2, and slip your Hand down to a Hands breadth of the end, the Thumb always upwards, and turning she Elbow a little upwards from the Body. Words of Command. 28 Put them in the Barrels. Explanation. Bring the Rammer upwards before the Muzzel, tell 1, 2, then place it upon the Wad, thrusting it down so far till your Hand touches the Muzzel; then take it about the middle, tell 1, 2, thrust down again your Wad, till your Right Hand comes to the Muzzel; and then take hold of it at the top, tell again 1, 2, and thrust it fully down to the Charge, holding the Rammer fast with the Fingers and Thumb. Words of Command. 29 Ram down your Charge. Explanation. You draw up your Rammer as fart as the Arm unforced will permit, tell 1, 2, ramming down the Charge, with an ordinary force, and then holding still your Rammer; as before. Words of Command. 30 withdraw your Rammers. Explanation. With a quick motion draw the Rammer with your Right Hand till half of it be out of the Barrel, then take it with a turned hand the Thumb downward, tell 1, 2, and then draw it wholly out of the Barrel, holding it with the thick end turned towards the shoulder; keeping the Posture you were told in Explanation. 25. Words of Command. 31 Hold them up. Explanation. Let the small end of your Rammer sink down, and keep your Posture, as in Explanation 26. Words of Command 32 Shorten them against your Breasts. Explanation. Set the small end of the Rammer against your Breast, as you did before the thick end as in Explan 27; the Hand not quite follow, but about afoot from the end of the Rammer. Words of Command 33 Return your Rammers. Explanation. Return the Rammer giving it a gentle turn with the right hand under the barrel tell 1, 2, put it in the stock, thrusting it in so far as you held it with your hand, then take hold of it again in the middle, tell 1, 2, thrusting it downward so far as your hand again, then take hold again at the top, tell slowly 1, 2, and thrust it now wholly down in these three Motions, take hold immediately of the muzzel of the musket, the thumb upward, tell 1, 2, and thrust the musket suddenly from your Body, and keep the same Posture as in Explanation 19 Words of Command. 34 join your Right hand to your muskets. Explanation. Hold the musket firm, as it was held in the left hand, cast it out of the right hand, that with a very small motion it comes readily strait up, then take hold of it with the right hand under the Pan, holding the musket from the body, the hands as low as the Arms unconstrained will suffer. Word of Command. 35. poise your Muskets. Explanation. Face upon the Left Heel very quick to the Right, and bring at the same time the Musket with both hands strait before you, at which time you let go your Left Hand, and push it forwards suddenly with the Right Hand; so that this thrusting forwards the Musket, and the setting down of the right Foot, is done at one time, then keep in the Posture directed in Eplanation 2. Word of Command. 36. Shoulder your Muskets. Explanation. Turn your Musket with the Right Hand, thath the Barrel comes outwards, and the Guard inwards against the Left shoulder, take at the same time the Butt end with the Left hand, laying your Thumb in the hollow of the same; tell slowly 1, 2, and bring it then with both your Hands upon your Left shoulder, not moving the Head; tell again 1, 2, quit the right hand, and let it fall quickly down along the Right side, and observe further the Posture, as in Explain. ●. is shown. Word of Command. 37. Rest your Muskets. Explanation. This is done as in Explan: 1. Tell then 1, 2, and quickly Poise, as in Explan. 2. is shown. Tell again 1, 2, and do as is directed in Number 3. Let lose your Right Hand from behind the Pan, and with the two or three foremost Fingers, according to the breadth of the Pan, cover the same, 〈◊〉 your Thumb bebind the Pan, and keep the Posture as in Explanation 3. is directed. Word of Command. 38. Order your Muskets. Explanation. Raise your Muskets with both hands strain upwards, without bringing it higher or lower; tell slowly 1, 2, then let lose the Right hand from the Pan, sinking the Musket with the left hand, taking at the same moment the Musket with a full right hand near the muzzel, so that the thumb lies upwards against the Barrel, and reaches the end of the muzzel. Tell again slowly 1, 2, quit your left hand, & set down the Buttend of the musket at the outside of your right foot, with a quickne● upon the ground, in such a manner that the right foot & musket come down at one time, the heels in a strait line, the toes turned outwards, letting your Arm hang from the Hand to the Elbow by the side of the Musket, the left hand in which the match is, ●angs dow● by the left side, with the Ends 〈◊〉 the match outwards. Word of Command. 39 L●y down your muskets. Explanation. Lift up your right-foot, turning the musket in ward at the same time, that the barrel ●●me just to your body, setting at the same ●●me the right foot against the Flat of the buttend, then step directly forward a good 〈◊〉 with the left foot, lay down the Musket with a stiff body) upon the ground, with ●e Lock upward; before you tell 1, 2, 3, ●ife yourself up again, stepping back with but left foot, on the heel over the buttend 〈◊〉 the inside of the same, letting both Arms ●ang down by the Body. Word of Command. 40. Take up your muskets. Explanation. Turn your right foot upon the heel again ●ver the buttend of your musket, and set 〈◊〉 down behind the same; at the same time ●●rn the right hand with a small motion to ●●e right side outward, over the right foot, and without Intermission, step forward with the left foot a large step along the Musket and at the same time bring the right hand with an outstreached Arm over the musket strair forward & as much as possible with● stiff body, taking hold of it with the right hand, tell 1, 2, 3, raise up yourself & the musket, with the bringing back of the left foot then take up your right foot again, and 〈◊〉 at the inside of the butt, turning at 〈◊〉 same time the Butt end outward, that the 〈◊〉 Musket & the whole body be in the same 〈◊〉ture as they were before the laying down of 〈◊〉 Musket, and thus standing with your Musket ordered as in explanation 38 is shown. The Soldiers must also observe, that in laying do●● and taking up of the Musket, not to keep their ha●● above the Muzzel, but in the laying down of 〈◊〉 musket to sink their hands as much as is necess●●● and at the taking up, to take hold of it at the 〈◊〉 place where their band was at their laying it dow● then sliding the hand upwards to the muzzel, by so that it be done, with ease and unforeed. Note, Is is further to be observed. That the grounding and taking up their Arm the Soldiers keep up their heads as much possible: And that all may be done more 〈◊〉 actly, at one and the same time, the Soldier that stand next one another in the Ran● must look to the right hand Man, yet without turning their Heads aside and those that follow one another in files, must also observe their Leaders. Word of Command. 41. Rest your muskets. Explanation. Turn your Thumb inwards, and let your hand sink downwards as far as the arm without constraint will permit; tell slowly 1, 2, raise it with the Right Hand, take hold of it at the same time with the Left, just under the Right Hand, tell 1, 2, let go the Right hand and cover the Pan at the same time falling back with the Right Foot, so that the resting of the musket, and the Falling back of the Right Foot be done at once hold then the Musket, Body and Feet in the same posture as in Explan, 37 in presenting of the musket is shown. Word of Command. 42. Club your Muskets. Explanation. Keep your Musket firm ●n your left hand, cast about the same with the Right Hand, bring up the Right Foot, at the same time that the Buttend is upwards, and the muzzel downwards, the Lock outwards; at once taking hold of it with the Right Hand about a foot from the Muzzel, that the Right Thumb come upwards, and the Left down wards, tell 1, 2. Let lose the left hand, 〈◊〉 take hold again at the same time with a 〈◊〉 left hand, an inch from the Muzzel, 〈◊〉 it with outstretched Arms against the 〈◊〉 Shoulder, tell 1, 2, and bring it upon you Shoulder, with the Lock upwards, tell 1, 2, quit your Right Hand nimbly, and 〈◊〉 hang down by your Side. Word of Command. 43. Rest your muskets. Explanation. Turn the Musket with your Left Hand inwards, and at the same time take hold 〈◊〉 the Right above the Left, the Thumb upwards, and the Elbows in a straight Line, 〈◊〉 1, 2, bring the same nimbly with both hand before the Body, tell 1, 2, let lose your Left Hand, sinking the Right Hand 〈◊〉 Musket a little, and taking it at the same time with the Left Hand turned, both Thumbs turned against one another, tell 1, 2, lose your Right Hand, and turning the Musket bring the Buttend down, and 〈◊〉 your Musket with the steping back of the Right Foot, and observe further the Posture as has been expressed in the resting of the Musket. Word of Command. 44 Shoulder your muskets. Explanation. Bring up your Musket with the bringing up of the Right Foot to its Poise, with a stretched out Arm strait before you, and take hold of it under the Pan, with your Right Hand, so that the poising of the Musket, and the seeting down of the Right Foot, be done at the same time. Take heed to Make Ready at Three Words of Command. 1. Make Ready. Explanation. This is to be done, as hath been shown before at large in the Exercise of the Musket, from Explan: 1, to Explan: 8, Inclusive. Word of Command. 2. Present Explanation. This is done as has been shown in Ex: 9, 10. Word of Command. 3. Give Fire. Explanation. This is done as in Explan: 11. after which you go forward until you are again Ready Charged, and then Shoulder your Muskets. Here follows the Exercise of a Granadeer, with the Explanation, beginning when they are under Arms, viz. the Firelock Shouldered. THE Posture, and what a Granadeer is further to observe in the Exercise of his Arms, is fully shown in the General Observations, where the Musket is Treated of. It is also to be Observed, That when the Granadeer stand in a Body with the Musketeers, that they then must make the same motions as the musketeers, because they do not then meddle with their Granades or Bayonets. Word of Command. Take heed Granadeer, to Exercise your Firelocks. 1. join your Right hand to your Firelocks. Explanation. THis is done the same way as that of the Musket, Explanation. 1. Word of Command. 2. Poise your Firelocks. Explanation. This is done the same way as that of the Musket, Explanation 2. Words of Command. 3 join your Left Hand to your Firelocks Explanation. This is done as that of the Musket, in Explan: 3: except that you are to take up the Sling and join it with your Left Hand under your Firelock, and your right Thumb upon the Cock, and your forefinger upon the tricker, and the other Fingers behind, or below the Guard. Word of Command. 4. Cock your Firelocks Explanation. Keep your Thumb upon the Cock, and bring up your Firelock with both Hands strait before you, at the same time bringing up your Right Foot, your Arms half stretched out, that you may the more easily bend the Cock, tell 1, 2, and then Cock, thrusting your Firelock nimbly from you with both hands, holding your Thumb upon the Cock, without touching the Tricker with your Fingers, keep your arms outstretched before your Body. Word of Command. 5. Present. Explanation. In presenting, you take away your thumb from the Cock, and do as is shown in Exp: 10. except that you are not to open your Pan. Words of Command. 6, Give Fire. Explanation. This done as with the Musket, in Expla. 11 Word of Command. 7. Recover your Arms. Explanation. This done as with the Musket in Explan. 12. Word of Command. 8. Handle your Slings. Explanation. Turn with both hands the Firelock, that your Lock come outwards, holding it with your Right Hand before your Body, the thumb upwards, draw with your Left Hand your Sling quickly in an equal line, with your Firelock to the left side, the Thumb upwards, and stand thus till the following word of Command. Word of Command. 9 Sling your Firelocks. Explanation. Bring your Sling with your left hand just above your right Shoulder, and at the lame time bring your Firelock with your Right Hand under your Left Elbow, bring the sling over your head, draw the sling with your left hand in the letting lose of the Right, that the Firelock hang upon your right Shoulder, with the muzzel up, and the Buttend downwards; tell 1, 2, let lose your Left hand, and let it hang down as the Right Hand. Word of Command. 10. Handle your Matches. Explanation. Bring both hands readily with half outstretched Arms before your body, about the height of your Shoulder, take it at the same time, with your right hand, the lowermost end of the match your thumb under, and your two foremost above, tell 1, 2, and bring it over the back of your hand between your thumb and your two fore fingers; tell 1, 2, thrust out the Jest hand with the match quickly forwards, letting at the same time the right hand hang down upon the bag. Word of Command. 11. Handle your Granades. Explanation. Keep your Left Hand in its former posture, face nimbly upon the Left Foot to the Right, at the same time lifting up the cover of your Granade, pouch with your Right Hand, take the Granade, tell 1, 2, bring it with an out stretched Arm, in a strait Line with your Left Hand, your Thumb against the Fuse, and stand in this posture. Word of Command. 12. Open your Fuse. Explanation. Hold still your Left Hand, and bring the Granade to your mouth with your Right Hand, tell 1, 2, open the Fuse with your Teeth, tell again 1, 2, and thrust it nimbly from you to its former place. Word of Command. 13. Guard the Fuse with your Thumb. Explanation. Cover the Fuse with your Thumb, without making any other motion. Word of Command. 14. Blow your Matches. Explanation. Bring up the Match before your Mouth, tell 1, 2, blow it off hard and quick, and thrust it at the same time to its former place. Word of Command. 15. Fire and throw your Granades Explanation. Meet the Granade with your Left Hand, a little downwards towards the Right Side, as the Arms will best permit, to which Side you turn your Body and Face a little, fire the Fuse, tell slowly 1, 2, 3, in which telling bring back the Right Hand a little, with the Granade, throw it with a stiff Arm, stepping forward with the Right Foot, in an equal Line with the Left, bringing down the Left Hand with the Match to the former place, letting the Right Hand hang down by the Pouch; remain in that posture, and expect the following Command. Word of Command. 16. Return your Matches. Explanation. Bring again both Hands strait before your Body, as in Explan. 10. Take the Match, put it in its former place, in such a manner as in the Exercise of the Musket, Explan: 13. tell 1, 2, and let both Arms hang down by your Body. Word of Command. 17. Handle your Slings. Explanation. Take the middle of the Sling with your Right Hand, and with the Left Hand below, about a Hands breadth from the Firelock, lift up the Firelock with the Left Hand, so that the Elbow comes through under the Fire lock, lying upon the Arm and Shoulder; let go your Left Hand from the Sling, and take hold of your Firelock about a Hands breadth above the Lock; let the Stock come to lie between the Thumb and the two foremost Fingers, and hold it so with a stretched Arm so much as the Slings will permit, with the Buttend before you. Word of Command. 18. Poise your Firelocks. Explanation. Bring the Sling with your Right Hand over your Head, and your Firelock with your Left Hand, and mount it with half stretched Arms, the Barrel turned forewards, let go your Right Hand from the Sling, turn your Firelock with your Left Hand, that the Lock come outwards, and put at the same time your Right Hand under the Cock, the Thumb upwards, than thrust the Firelock quickly from you, let go your Left Hand; at the same time you must observe that your Right Hand must be equal with your Shoulder. Word of Command. 19 Cast about to Charge. Explanation. Take the Firelock with your Left Hand, about a hands breadth from the Lock, the Thumb upwards, turn it about that the barrel come outwards, and do further as in the Exercise of the Musket, Explanation 19 was directed. word of Command. 20. Draw your Bayonets. Explanation. Bring your Firelock with both your hands to your Body, tell 1, 2, take your Bayonet with your Right Hand, tell again 1, 2, draw it, and bring it with an outstretched arm strait before your Body in a right line with your shoulder, holding the bayonet, and the thumub upwards, and the flate of the blade towards your body. Word of command. 21. Screw your Bayoners in the muzzles. Explanation. Put your Bayonets in the barrels, tell●● 2, turning about the Guard towards you● that it mayly fast, and flat, take hold of 〈◊〉 muzzel of your Firelock with your Rig●● Hand, the thumb upwards, tell 1, 2, thr●●ing it with both Arms nimbly from you Body. Word of command. 22. Rest your Bayonets' Explanation. Mount your Bayonet with both han●● turning at the same time, without resti●● upon the left heel, to the right; As y●● Face let go your right hand, and brings under the cock, that the barrel be turned ●● wards your Body, tell 1, 2, fall back han●● and foot, and keep the posture shown you in the resting of the Musket, Explan. 37. Word of command. 23. Charge your Bayonets' breast him Explanation. Bring your Bayonet nimbly up with bo●● hands; and the bringing up of your righ●● foot, in which bringing up, you bring you● right hand under, so that the Butt rest upon your Fingers, the thumb upwards to the buttend, tell 1, 2, fall back with your right foot charge your Bayonet breast high, in which charging the butt end lies in a full right hand and the thumb upon it. Word of Command. 24 Cast about your Bayonets to the left side Explanation. Bring up your Firelock strait before you, with the bringing up of your right foot; letting lose at the same time your right hand from the Butt, and bring it under the Cock, turn your Firelock with both your hands, so that the Barrel comes outwards, tell 1, 2, then proceed further as has been shown in the casting about the musket, Explan: 19, except that in stepping forward with the Right foot, you lay your Right Hand upon the guard of your Bayonet, and at once turn it from you, remaining thus with out stretched Arms till the following Command. Word of Command. 25. Recover your Bayonets. Explanation. Bring your Bayonet with both hands to your Body, tell 1, 2, draw it out of the barrel, hold it out with a stretched Arm before your Body, as in Explan: 20 is shown. Word of Command. 26. Put up your Bayonets. Explanation. Turn your Bayonet with the Point down wards on your left side; tell 1, 2, put it in th● seabbard, tell again 1, 2, take hold of you● Fire lock with your Right hand by the muzzel, thrusting it readily from you, with ou●● stretched Arms. Word of Command. 27. Half cock your Firelocks. Explanation Bring your Firelocks with both hand mounted before your body, as in Explan. ● the barrel turned towards your body, facing to the right upon the left heel, without intermission; in which turning you let go your right hand, take hold of the cock with the right thumb, your fingers under against the Guard, as in Explan. 3: Tell 1, 2, and ha●● bend your cock, then bring the same hand under the cock, holding your Firelock exactly and readily before you, in such a posture as often has been shown. Word of Command. 28. Blow 〈◊〉 pans. Explanation. Do this as with the Musket, Explan. 14. Word of Command. 29. Handle your Primers. Explanation. This is done as with the Musket; Explan. 15. only the Muzzel is held a little lower. Word of Command. 30. Prime. Explanation. This is done as with the Musket, Explan. 16. Word of Command. 31. Shut your pans. Explanation. Let fall your Primer, take hold of the side of the Steel with your thumb upwards, and your two foremost Fingers under, shut your Pan, tell slowly 1, 2, and do further is in the Handling of the Musket in Explan. 17. is shown. Word of Command. 32. Cast about to Charge. Explanation. This is done as with the Musket, Explan. 19 word of command. 33. Handle your Cartridges. Explanation. This is done as with the Musket, Explan. 20. Word of Command. 34. O●pen your Cartridges Explanation. Bring the Cartridge before your mouth by't off the top, tell 1, 2, and bring it again to its former place, holding the Cartridge with the Thumb upwards. Word of command 35. Charge wit ● your Cartridges. Explanation. Bring the Cartridge just before the muzzel turn it up with your hand, put it in the barrel, holding your two foremost fingers up●● the muzzel till the following word of command. word of command. 36. Draw forth your Rammers. This is done as with the musket, Explan. ●● word of command. 37. Hold them up. This is done as with the musket, Expla: ●● word of command. 38. shorten them against your brea● This is done as with the musket, Expla: ●●. word of command. 39 Put them in the barrels. This is done as with the musket, Explan. ●● word of command. 40. Ram down your charge. This is done as with the musket, Explan: ●● word of command. 41. Recover your Rammers. This is done as with the musket, Expla. 30. word of command. 42. How them up. This is done as with the musket, Expla: 31. word of command. 43 Shorten them against your breasts. This is done as with the musket, Expla: 32. word of command. 44. Put them in their places. This is done as with the musket, Expla: 33. word of command. 45. join your right hand to your Fire locks. This is done as with the musket, Expla: 34. word of command. 46. poise your Firelocks. This is done as with the musket, Expla: 35. word of command. 47. Shoulder your Fire locks. This is done as with the Musket, Explan: 36. word of command. 48. Rest your Fire locks. This is done as with the musket, explanation 1, 2, Tell then 1, 2, and do further as with the Musket, Explan. 3. only putting your Thumb upon the Cock, and the Fingers under, against the Guard. Word of Command. 49. Order your Fire locks. Explanation. This done as with the Musket, Explan 3● word of command. 50. Lay down your Fire locks. This is done as with the Musket, Explan. 3● word of command. 51. Take up your Firelocks This is done as with the Musket, Explan. 4● word of command. 52. Rest your firelocks. This is done as with the Musket, Expla●● 41. But with the difference as here above 〈◊〉 Explain. 49. Word of Command. 53. Club your firelocks. This is done as with the Musket, Explan. 4● word of command. 54. Rest your firelocks. This is done as with the Musket, Explan▪ 43. yet with the difference aforesaid in Explan. 48. word of command. 55. shoulder your firelocks. This is done as with the musket, Explan. 44, only putting your Right Hand under the Cock before the bringing up of your Firelock. Take heed to make ready to give Fire at Three Word of Command 56. 1. Make ready This is done as in the first Three Explanations is largely shown. Words of Command. 2 Present This done as in Explan. 4 and 5. word of command. 3. Give fire. This done as in Explan. 6 and 7. Take heed to make ready to Fire and threw your Granades at Three Words of Command. 57 1. Make Ready. This is done as is shown from Explan 8 to 13 inclusive. word of command. 2. Blow your Matches. This is done as in Explan. 14. word of command. 3. Fire and Throw your Granades. This is done as in Explan. 15. Take heed to make ready to use your Bayonets. 58. Word of Command. 1. Make Ready. This is done as hath been shown before in the Manual, from Explan. 16 to Explan. 22 inclusive. Word of Command. 2. Charge your Bayonets' Breast high. This is done as in Explan. 23. Take heed to make ready your Firelocks again. Word of Command. 59 Make Ready your fire locks. This is likeways done as hath at large been shown in the Exercise of the Granadee● from Explan. 24 to Explan. 47 inclusive. The Exercise of the PIKE, beginning from the Advance. THE Posture of a Pikeman, with his Rik● Advanced, must be the same with tha● of a Musketeer with the Musket Shouldered, Viz. That he stand with a strait Body, hold up his head, look lively, his eyes always upon the Commanding Officer, make no other motion then what he is Commanded, his Feet must be ●● little Place distant from each other, his Heels 〈◊〉 strait line, his Toes turned a little ontwards, holding the Buttend of the Pike in his Right Hand, stretched down along his Body, the back of his Hand turned outwards, but without constrain● the Pike must be kept close to his Shoulder, and the out side of his Thigh, that it may stand strait upward, this must he always observed with an Advanced Pike. Pikes take heed to your Exercise. Word of Command. 1. To the Front, Charge. Explanation. THis as all other Charging of the Pike, and likeways returning to the former Posture, must be done at three Motions; As First take hold of the Pike; Secondly, bring it before your Body; Thirdly, Charge your Pike, as is more largely to be shown in the following Pages. First; You take hold of the Pike with your Left hand, just at the Right Shoulder. Secondly, You tell 1, 2, and bring the same with both hands and outstretched arms with a nimble motion, strait before your body, at the same time turning your Hand, so that the thumb which was under comes uppermost, holding the pike in a full hand, you must also at the same time turn the Left foot upon your heel a little inwards, in the bringing forwards of the pike, that the toes come forwards, and at the same time lifting up the right foot a little, and turning it to the right side outwards, that the heel come in a strait line with the hollow of the left foot. Thirdly, Tell 1, 2, and step nimbly with the right foot behind the left, that the hollow of the right stand in a strait line with the heel of the left Foot, and pulling at the same time the Pike with both hands backwards, Charging it at the height of a Man's Breast, and so, that at one time the right foot and the Pike come down together. You must further observe this following posture, namely that the right arm stretched out backwards lie just along the pike, the right hand at the end of the Pick, the pike between the thumb and foremost fingers of the left hand, and against the body, and in a strait line with the tied hand; the Left Elbow must be lifted a little from the Body, the head and Body kept strait, the right Knee stiff and strait, and the left a little bent forwards, that the pike may not only be kept firm in this posture, but must lie with a flat spear the aforesaid height of a Man's Breast; which posture must be observed in all Charges of the pike. Word of Command. 2. As ye were. Explanation. As the pike in the former Commands was Charged at three motions, so must it be returned to your advance. As First, Press the right hand strongly down, bring the left hand upwards, then bring the pike with both hands, and outstretched arms, nimbly before the Middle of your body, at the same time bringing the right foot forwards, and placing the Heel in a strait line with the hollow of the Left Foot. Secondly, You tell 1, 2, bring the Pike with both hands to your Shoulder, at the same time turning the hand and foot as above is shown, tell 1, 2, let lose your left hand, and let it hang down by the body, observing further in this Posture what is directed in Explan: 1. Word of Command. 3: To the right Charge. Explanation. Take hold again of the pike with the left hand by your Shoulder, tell 1, 2, bring it with outstretched arms just before you, observing the motion both with hand and foot as in Explan. 1. tell 1, 2, turning nimbly upon the Left foot to the right, turning at the same time the heel of the right foot the fourth part of a Circle, and against the hollow of the left, observing that the pike in your turning may always be kept with outstretched Arms upwards in a strait line, tell 1, 2, step nimbly back with the right foot, charge your pike; and further observe to keep this posture, as in Explan. 1. Word of Command. 4, To the Left as you were. Explanation. Raise your pick with a quick motion, at the same time bringing up your right foot, turn nimbly upon the left foot to the left, bringing the Pike with outstretched Arms just before the body, tell 1, 2, bring it to your right Shoulder, observing what is shown in Explan. 2. Word of Command. 5. To the Left Charge. Explanation. Take of the pike with the left hand at your right shoulder, as before, tell 1, 2, bring the same with strait Arms nimbly before the Body, tell 1, 2, turn nimbly upon the left foot to the left, that the heel of the right foot come to stand the fourth part of a circle against the left foot, tell 1, 2, charge the pikes as before, Breast high, and at the same time stepping back with the right foot, keep the posture shown in the former Charging. Word of Command. 6. To the right as you were. Explanation. This is done as before, the pike is raised up readily with the bringing up of the right foot, tell 1, 2, turn nimbly upon the left foot to the right, tell again 1, 2, bring the pike to the right shoulder, observing what is shown in Explan. 2. Word of Command. 7. To the Right about Charge. Explanation. Take hold of your pike with your left hand at the right shoulder, as before, tell 1, 2, bring it then with outstretched arms before the middle of your body, tell 1, 2, turn nimbly on the left heel to the right about, turning the right heel an half circle against the hollow of the left foot, tell 1, 2, Charge breast high, as before, stepping back with the right foot, and observe further as in Explan: 1. Word of Command. 8. By the left as ye were Explanation. Bring the Pike, as before, strait up, at the same time bring up the Right Foot, tell 1, 2, turn nimbly upon the Left Foot to the left about, and bring the Pike in turning, with strait Arms just before the middle of the Body, tell 1, 2, and bring it to the Shoulder as before, observing what is shown in Explan. 2. Word of Command. 9 To the left about Charge. Explanation. Take hold of the PIKE again at the Right Shoulder, tell 1, 2, and bring it with both hands, and outstretched Arms strait before the middle of your Body, tell 1, 2, turn nimbly upon the Left Foot to the Left about; tell again 1, 2, Charge the PIKE Breast high, at the same time bring back the Right Foot, and keep in the Posture as before was told you. Word of Command. 10. By the Right as you were. Explanation This is done as formerly, namely that you bring the Pike up nimbly before you, with the bringing up of he Right foot, tell 1, 2, and turn nimbly upon the Left Foot to the Right about, holding the Pike with outstretched Arms just before the middle of your Body; tell again 1, 2, and bring the Pike again to your Shoulder, observing what is said before. Word of Command. 11. Shoulder your Pikes Explanation. Take hold of the PIKE with the Left Hand at the Right Shoulder, tell 1, 2, and bring it with both hands just before the middle of your Body, tell again 1, 2, and set your Right foot an ordinary Pace backwards, turning the Left foot upon the Heel, that both fee● stand in an equal line, the Toes turned outwards; Let go the Pike with the Right Hand at the same time as you tread back, and turning the Foot, let the Left hand and the Spear sink down backwards, till the hand comes just about the middle of the Body; Take hold of the Pike again immediately with the Right hand about the height of, and against the Shoulder, in such manner, that the stepping back of the Right Foot, and the taking hold of the Pike with the Right hand, is done at one time, then hold the Pike thus with outstretched Arms; the Thumb upwards along the Pike, turned inwards towards the Body, the Pike sloping in such a manner, that the Butt end of the Pike come within a Foot of the Ground, tell 1, 2, bring the Pike then upon the Right shoulder, and at the same time bring up the Right Foot. Observe, that bringing the Pike upon the Shoulder, the setting down of the right foot and letting lose of the left hand, be done all at one time; In this posture the heels must be in a strait line, the toes turned a little outwards, the feet an ordinary pace afunde● you hold the pike thus upon the shoulder with the Right hand, the thumb turned upwards, and outwards from the body, that the Pike may the better lie upon the shoulder, the spear mounted, and you must take care that you keep the Butt-end but a foot from the Ground, exactly between your two feet, strait before your Body, letting your left hand hang down by your Body as before is shown; Hold 〈◊〉 your Head and Body strait, which po●ture must always be observed with a Shouldered Pike. Word of Command. 12. To the Front Charge. Explanation. Take the pike with your right hand fro● your shoulder, turning at the same time ●●pon the left foot to the Right, placing the left an ordinary step from the right, the heels in an equal line, the toes turned ou● words, as before is directed; In this turning take hold of the pike with the left hand against the middle of your Body, with ou● stretched Arms, a strait body, the Pike sloping, as before, the buttend a foot from the ground, tell 1, 2, then bring the pike strait upwards, with both hands before you and in this bringing up of the Pike, let go your right hand, which is above, and take hold with it at the buttend of the Pike, and at the same time being the right foot forwards, so that the taking hold of the butt, and the setting down of the right foot be done at one time, tell 1, 2, upon which you step a good pace backwards, with the right foot, just behind the left, charge the Pike forwards breast high; so that the charging of the pike, and the putting down of your right foot, be done at one time; observe the posture shown in Explan. 1 Word of Command. 13. Shoulder as you were. Explanation. Raise up the Pike nimbly as in Explan▪ 2. tell 1, 2. and step back with the Right Foot, at the same time letting lose your Right hand from the Buttend, take hold of it again (in the setting down of your Right Foot,) above the Left Hand the height of your shoulder, Tell 1, 2, and observe in the shouldering of the Pike, Explain. 11. word of command. 14. To the Right Charge. Explanation. Raise the Pike with your Right Hand again from your shoulder, take hold of it with your left hand, stepping back with the Right Foot, hold it sloping with strait Arms before your Body, as in explan. 11. Tell 1, 2, bring up the Pike right before you, letting go your Right hand, and take hold of it again at the Buttend, placing a● the same time the Heel of the Right, against the hollow of the Left Foot, tell 1, 2 and then immediately with the treading back 〈◊〉 the Right Foot, Charge as before Brea● high. Word of Command 15. To the Left as you were. Explanation. Raise the Pike again with the bringing up of your Right Foot, tell 1, 2, let 〈◊〉 your Hand from the Buttend of the Pike The Pike being in the Left Hand, let the Spear end of the Pike sink backwards, take hold of it with your Right Hand, about the height of your shoulder, at the same time you remove your Right Foot, hold the same sloping with ou● stretched Arms, the Body strait, tell 1, 2, bring the Pike upon the shoulder, with the bringing up 〈◊〉 the Right Foot, and observe further the Posture of a shouldered Pike. Word of Command. 16. To the left Charge Explanation. Bring again the Pike sloping before your Body, as often has been said, tell 1, 2, and raise it up strait, tell again 1, 2, and turn to the Left about upon the Left foot, and place at the same time the Heel of the Right Foot against the hollow of the left, tell again 1, 2, Charge again Breast high, as before. Word of Command. 17. To the Right as you were. Explanation. Raise up the Pike again with the bringing up of the Right Foot, tell 1, 2, and turn upon the left Foot to the Right about, tell again 1, 2, and bring the Pike (with the removing of the Right foot again) sloping before the Body, tell again 1, 2, bring the Pike upon the Shoulder with the bringing up (as said before) of the Right Foot; Observe further the Posture shown before. Word of Command. 16. To the Right about charge. Explanation. Bring the Pike again sloping before your Body, tell 1, 2, raise the same with the removing of the Feet nimbly, tell 1, 2, turn upon the Left Foot nimbly to the Right, holding the Pike straight up with out stretched Arms, at the same time the heel of the right foot must stand against the hollow of the left, tell again 1, 2, & charge the pike breast high, as before has been shown. Word of Command. 19 By the left as you were. Explanation. Raise up the pike with the bringing up 〈◊〉 the right foot, tell 1, 2, turn upon the Left foot to the left, tell again 1, 2, let go the hand from the buttend, and bring it sloping before your body with the removing of the right foot, and outstretched arms, tell 1, 2, and shoulder, as often as has been shown. Word of command. 20. To the Left about Charge. Explanation. Bring the pike again sloping before your Body, tell 1, 2, and raise it strait upward with the bringing up of the right foot, as in Explan, 12. tell again 1, 2, turn upon the left foot to the left about, tell 1, 2, and nimbly charge the pike with the stepping back of the right foot breast high. Word of Command. 21. By the Right as you were. Explanation. Raise the pike strait up nimbly tell 1, 2, turn upon the left foot to the right about, hold the pike with out stretched Arms strait before the body, tell 1, 2, let go the right hand, and take hold of the pike again with the setting back of the Right foot so as in Explan, 31; tell 1, 2, lay the pike on the shoulder, with the bringing up of the right foot; observe further the posture of a shouldered Pike, as before. Word of Command. 22. port your pikes. Explanation. Bring the pike again before your body, and do as in Explanation 12. is shown, excepting only, that the spear of the pike do not come so low as to be breast high, but a little higher upon the port. Word of Command. 23 To the Front Charge. Explanation. Sink the left Elbow with the Pike, so that it be breast high, and remain in the posture shown in a charged pike. Word of Command. 24. Traii your Pikes with the Spears behind. Explanation. Let go your Right Hand from the Buttend, and at the same time (holding the Pike with the left Hand between the foremost Fingers and the Thumb) drop the Spear upon the Ground, turning at the same time upon the Left Foot to the Right, that the Heels of both Feet stand in an equal Line, the Toes turned outward, and the Right Hand hanging down by the side of the Body. Word of Command. 25. Charge as you were. Explanation. Turn upon your Left Foot to the Left that the hollow of the Right Foot come against the heel of the Left, take hold at the same time of the Buttend of the Pike with the Right Hand; Charge your Pike Brea● high. Word of Command. 26. push your pikes Explanation. The Pike being thus held, you thrust 〈◊〉 out strongly forward with both Hands, not stirring the feet, in such manner that the Right Hand come to the Left Shoulder, o● as far as the Right Hand can reach, pulling it back again, and Charging Breast high, as before. Word of Command. 27. Trail your pikes the Spears before. Explanation. Stand still with both feet, take hold of the pike with the left hand forwards as far as the arm can reach, let go the Right Hand, bring back the pike with the left, take hold again with the Right as far as the Arm can reach, bring the pike with the right Hand, take hold of it again with the left as far as it can reach, bring the same back; And lastly, take hold of it with the Right Hand, (with the stepping forward of the Right Foot,) about a hands breadth from the Spear, in such manner, that the thumb and the flar of the spear lie upwards, hold the pike thus with the Right Hand, at the Right Side, the Elbow turned outwards almost in an equal line with the Body, the Left Hand hanging down by the side of the Body, the Feet and Heels in an equal line, standing with the Toes turned outwards. Word of Command. 28. present your Spears. Explanation. Take hold of the pike with the Left Hand just above the Right, the Thumb upwards, let go the Right Hand, take hold of the pike again about a Foot backwards, layiing the pike with the Right Hand to the side of the Body, and hold it thus with both hands the Elbows turned outwards, the Spear flat, the left Knee a little bent, one foot behind the other; that the hellow of the Right come in an equal line with the Heel of the Left Foot. Word of Command. 29. To the Front Charge, Explanation. Stand still with both feet, let go the left hand, bring the pike forwards as far as the Arm can reach, take hold of it with the Left, let lose the Right, bring the pike forward with the Left, take the Pike again backward with the Right Hand, let lose the left, and bring the Pike again with the Right hand forward, take it once more with the Left, let lose the Right, and take hold of the Buttend, and Charge again Breast high, as before is shown. Note, The thrusting the Pike forward, and the taking hold of it backward, must be every time done as far as your Arms will permit. Word of command. 30. Advance your Pikes. Explanation. Raise the Pike nimbly strait before you, with the bringing up of the right foot, tell 1, 2, bring it to the Right shoulder, with the turning and removing the Feet & Hands, observing further the posture as in Explan. 2d. is shown. Word of command. 31. Order your Pikes. Explanation. Take hold of the Pike at the Shoulder with the Lefthand, bring the same nimbly with out stretched Arms before your Body, tell 1, 2, let lose the Right Hand, let the Pike with the left Hand sink down as far as the Arm (unforced) will suffer, tell 1, 2, bring it to your side by the Right foot, let lose the Left hand, hanging it down by the Body, in such a manner, that the letting lose of the Left hand, and the setting down of the Pike, is done at one time, hold the Pike thus to the Ground by the outside of the Right foot, the Thumb over against the Right eye, the Arm from the Hand to the Elbow, hanging down by the Pike, so that the same come to stand up strait, the Feet with the Heels in a strait line, the Toes turned outwards, hold up the head, and the Body strait, so as in the Posture of the Advanced Pike has often been shown. Word of Command 32. Lay down your Pikes. Explanation. This is done in the same manner as ● shown in the laying down of the Muske● Explan. 39 Viz. That you take up your Right Foot, and set the hollow of the fo●● against the Buttend of the Pike; step 〈◊〉 large step forward with the left Foot leaning towards it, lay down your Pike with 〈◊〉 strait a Body as possible, and remain●● that posture looking to your right ha●● Man, but without turning your head, holding it up as much as possible, tell 1, 2, ● then raise yourself up with the stepping ba●● of your Left Foot, turn your Right foot inward upon your Heel over the Pike, setting it along by the Buttend, both your Ar●● hanging down your Body, and stand with your Body in the same posture you did before the laying down of the Pike. Word of Command. 33. Take up your pikes. Explanation. This is also done as with the taking up 〈◊〉 the Musket, Explan. 40. Turn your right foot outwards upon the Heel over the Pike and set the hollow of your Foot against the Butt-end of the Pike; At the same time turn your Right Hand with a small Motion outward to answer the Motion of your Foot, as hath been shown in the taking up the Musket; Step forward a large step with the left foot along the pike, and come forward with a stiff Body, as hath been said; take the pike with your right Hand at the same place where you held it at laying down, tell 1, 2, 3, raise yourself up with the Pike, with the stepping back of the left foot take up your Right foot, & set it inwards by the Buttend; observe the Posture as is shown before the laying it down. Word of Command. 34. Plant your pikes Explanation. Take hold of the Pike with the Left hand against the Body, as much downwards as the Arm unforced will permit; put back the Right Foot a little; Thrust then the Pike with both Hands fast into the ground; set your Right Foot forwards again; let both hands hang down by the Body. Word of Command. 35. Order your pikes. Explanation. Take the pike with both hands in the same place where it was let lose; draw it out of the Earth, with the setting back of the right foot and then in the bringing up of the right foot, let go the left hand, put the pike down by the right foot, and further obseru● the posture as in Explan. 31. is shown. Word of Command. 36. Advance your pikes. Explanation. Bring up the pike with the right hand just before the body as far as the arm can reach take hold of the pike with a full left hand, as much as the arm unforced will permit, just before the middle of the body, tell 1, 2, bring the pike with your left hand (letting loo●● the right) as high as your shoulder; then take hold of the pike with the right hand at the Buttend, tell 1, 2, bring the pike to the right Shoulder, tell again 1, 2, let lose the Le●● Hand, which must hang down by the Body a● often in the advanced pike hath been shown. General Words of Command for the Evolutions. Word of Command. Take heed to do the Evolutions. 1. Take Heed. Explanation. AS soon as this Word of Command i● given, there must be great silence observed throughout the whole Battalion, the Soldiers doing no motions either with their Head, Body, Hands or Feet, but such as shall be ordered, looking steadfastly to the Commanding Officer, who is to exercise and give the Words of Command, as was formerly said in the Exercise. Word of Command. 2. Carry well your Arms. Explanation. The Musketeers and Pikemen must carry their Arms as in the exercise has been shown; namely the Musketeer must carry his musket even upon his shoulder, the muzzel even and high; the Pikeman holding his pike firm and strait up, as in the Exercise is shown; the whole Ranks and Files carry their Arms in a strait Line and high, that when one stands behind or before the File, or at the Wing, or End of a Rank, the pikes and the Mutketeers show as if there was but one pike or Musket. word of command. 3. Dress your Banks and Files. Explanation. Those that stand next to one another in the Ranks, look to the Right and to the Left Hand, and must keep themselves in such ● posture, that neither Head not Body is to 〈◊〉 seen before or after one another, but that the Head, Shoulder and Heels, be in a strait line; Also those in the Files must always stand with their face against the middle of the Neck of their Leader; Further it is to be observed at the parade, or when ye wi●● Exercise, the Ranks must always be fou●● ordinar paces asunder, and the Files one ste●● or the length of an out stretched Arm; 〈◊〉 the marching up, the Ranks must open 〈◊〉 the distance which shall be Commanded● either a whole step, or a half; Namely thus, the Right files stands, and those of the Left Hand must stand each from his Right-Hand-Man an whole Step, or as far as he can teach with an outstretched Arm● (or an half pace, which is the half of an ou● stretched Arm, that is when the Hand is se● bend against the Side; which distance is always to be observed when you Give Fire;) The Files in their Marching off must close so near, that their Shoulders almost touch, and the Ranks keep to their former distance. They must begin their March always with the Left Foot, and in their Face must always turn upon the Left Foot, except in some Commands in the following Evolutions. They must March very softly, and without turning their Heads look towards their Right and Left Hand, but most to the right that the whole Rank may march strait, their Hats cocked, the Head upright, and carry well their Arms. When Arms is mentioned, it signifies both Musketeers and Pikemen; You are not to charge with the Pikes when the Muskets are presented. EVOLUTION with MUSKETEERS and PIKEMEN together. Word of Command. Take heed the whole Battalion to present your Arms. 1. present your Arms. Explanation. THE Musketeers must rest their Muskets, and the Pikemen charge their pikes to the Front, the Spears in a line breast high; and observe, when they have brought up their Arms before their Body, to stand in that posture whilst they slowly tell 1, 2, (and after they have looked upon their Right and Lefthand Man, and their Leaders, that the Ranks and Files be strait) they rest their Muskets, and charge their pikes altogether, and stand in that posture as in the Exercise of the Pike and Musket has been shown. Word of Command. 2. To the right. To the right. To the right. To the right. Explanation In these Four Face, both Musketeers and Pikemen must raise their Arms up before their Bodies, at the same time bringing up the Right foot, tell 1, 2, face four times upon the Left foot to the Right, turning at each time the fourth part of a Circle, in such a manner, that the Heel of the right foot comes always to stand in the hollow of the left, and every one to take heed to observe his right and Left hand Man, and his Leader, that the Ranks and Files always remain strait, Tell 1, 2, nimbly rest your Musket, and charge your Pike with the stepping back of the Right Foot, so as before is shown. word of command. 3. To the Right about Explanation. Raise your Arms at the same time, bringing nimbly up the Right Foot, tell 1, 2, Face to the Right about upon the left Foot, holding out your Arms as far as may be without constraint before the Body, tell 1, 2, Charge, and nimbly rest your Arms with the stepping back of the Right Foot. Word of Command. 4. By the left as you were Explanation. Raise your Arms at the same time with the bringing nimbly up the right Foot, tell 1, 2, Face nimbly to the left about upon the left foot, telling again 1, 2, Charge and rest your Arms as before. Word of Command. 5. To the Left To the Left. To the Left To the Left. Explanation. This is done like the face of the right, only with the difference, that you turn upon the left foot to the left, every time the fourth part of a Circle. Word of Command To the left about Explanation. This is done as in the face and Charging and Resting to the right about, has been shown, only with this difference, that you face upon the left foot to the left about. Word of Command. 7. by the right as you were Explanation. This is done as in Explan. 1. is shown, though with this difference, that you face upon the left foot to the right about. word of command. 8. Poise your Muskets and advance your Pikes Explanation Raise yova Arms nimbly up with the bringing up of the Right Foot, and stand thus with outstretched Arms till the following Command, Viz. As the Musket is in Explan. 44. and the Pike as in Explan. 2. word of command. 9 Shoulder your Muskets. Explanation Bring the Musket upon the Shoulder, and the Pike to the Shoulder, and keep in this Posture as in the Exercise of the Pike and Musket Explan. 1. is shown. Word of Command. Ranks take heed to double your Front 10. Ranks to the Right, double your Front. Explanation The Second, Fourth, and sixth Rank stands ready to double the other. word of command. 11. March Explanation The Second Marches, and doubles in the First, and the Fourth in the Third, and the Sixth in the Fifth rank. Note, That in this and all other Marching and Doubling, it is to be observed, that the whole Rank is to step forward with the Left Foot, Marching slowly, always looking towards the Right and left Hand, but principally to the right, that the whole Rank may March equal, carrying their Arms with a strait Body, holding up their Heads and every one Marching in four Paces to be Right Hand of their Leader that stood in the Rank before him. Word of Command. 12. To the left as you were. Explanation. Those Ranks which doubled, Face at once upon the Right foot to the Left, and tread at the same time with the Left foot half a ●●ep backwards; in which facing they carry their arms up high and strait, that th● one do not touch the other, nor make 〈◊〉 clattering, and stand thus ready to march. word of command. 13. March. Explanation. The forementioned ranks which ha● made half a step backwards tread forwards with the left foot, and march in four paces 〈◊〉 their former places, the right foot making the fourth pace, and must be set in his fo●mer place, the left foot after it; and stan● thus till the following Command. word of command. 14. Halt, Explanation. As soon as this word of Command is given, the Ranks which marched, face at on● upon the right foot to the right about, everyone taking heed that he stand strait 〈◊〉 rank and File as before. word of command. 15. Ranks to the Left double your From Explanation Those ranks which before Double to the right, stand ready to mach, and double to the left. Word of Command. 16. March Explanation. The foresaid ranks step forward with the Left Foot, and March in four Paces in the ranks where they are to double, placing themselves on the left Side of the Man which stood before them; and observe further as in the former Marches was shown word of command. 17. To the Right as you were. Explanation. The ranks which Doubled, face at once upon the left Foot to the right, setting the right Foot half a Pace out back wards, carrying their Arms high and strait, as before has been shown. Word of Command. 18. March Explanation. The forementioned ranks step half a pace Forwards with the same right Foot, and March in four Paces to their former places; so that the left Foot makes the fourth Pace, and stands in the former place, and must remain thus till the following Command. Word of Command. 19 Halt Explanation. The former Ranks face upon the left foot to the left about, and take heed to even their Ranks and Files. Word of Command. Ranks take heed to double your Rear 20. Ranks to the Right about double your Rear. Explanation. The ranks which before stood still, Viz. The first, the Third, and the fifth, must now March and double, and turn upon the right foot to the right about, standing thus ready to March. word of command. 21; March Explanation The forementioned ranks step forward with the right foot, and March in four Paces into the ranks which stood behind them, the left foot makes the fourth or Last Pace, and comes to stand close to the right foot of the man that stood behind him, and so to stand till the next word of Command. word of command. 22. Halt. Explanation. The forementioned ranks face on the left foot to the right about, and every one doth straighten himself with his right and left hand Man, carrying the muzzel of the musket high, the pikes strait, as hath been said before. Word of Command. 23: As you were. Explanation. Those Ranks which doubled, stand ready to their former places. Word of Command. 24. March. Explanation. The forementioned Ranks step at once with the Left Foot forward, and march slowly in four paces to their former Places, and observing also their Marching and standing, as is shown in Explan 11. Word of Command. 25 ranks to the Left double your rear. Explanation. The aforesaid ranks turn upon the left foot to the left about, and stand so ready to March. Word of Command. 26. March. Explanation. The fore named ranks step upon the Left foot at once forward, and match in four paces into the Ranks that stood behind them, in such a manner that their right foot comes to stand in the fourth pace by the left foot of the man that stood behind them; and stand thus till the following Command. word of command. 27. Halt. Explanation. This done as in Explan: 22: except that you turn on the right foot to the left about, straightning your ranks and files, carrying your Arms as before. word of command. 28. As you were. Explanation. The forsaid ranks stand ready to march. word of command. 29. March. Explanation. The forementioned ranks step at once with the left foot forward, and march in four steps to their former places, observing all what in Explan. 11, has been said, and the Note thereon. Rear half Files take heed to double your Front. word of command. 30, Rear half Files to the right double your Front. Explanation. The three last ranks make ready to march and double. Word of Command. 31. march. Explanation. The forementioned ranks step at once forward with the left foot, and march slowly and exactly, carrying their arms well; The fourth rank marches into the first, the fifth in the second, the sixth in the third rank, and place themselves on the right side of the man that stood before them, observing further as in Explan. 11. Word of Command. 32. To the Left as ye were. Explanation. This is done in the same manner as in Explanation. 12. Word of Command. 33 march. Explanation. The foresaid ranks step at once forward upon the Left foot, and March thus slowly to their former places, so that the right foot makes the Last or Twelfth step, and is set before the other. Word of Command. 34. Halt. Explanation. The foresaid ranks face at once upon the right foot to the right about, observing further what in the former commands has been said. Word of Command. 35. rear half Files to the left double your Front. Explanation. The foresaid Rear half files stand ready to March forwards, and to double. Word of Command. 36. March. Explanation. The foresaid ranks step at once with the Left foot, and march strait and slowly forward; observe further as in Explan. 31. Word of Command. 37. To the right as you were. Do as in Explan. 17. word of command. 38. March. Explanation. The forementioned ranks step at once with the right foot forward, Marching slowly to their former place, so that the left foot comes in the Last or Twelfth Pace, and stands forward, observing what has been further said of straightening their ranks, and files and carrying their Arms well. word of command. 39 Halt. The forementioned ranks face at once upon the Left foot to the left about; and observe further what in the former Commands has been said. Word of Command. Front half Files take heed to double your rear 40. Front half Files to the right double your rear. Explanation. The Three foremost ranks face upon the right foot to the right about, and stand thus ready to March, and double. word of command. 41. March Explanation The aforesaid ranks step at once with the right foot forward, and March slowly, Viz. The third rank in the sixth, the Second in the fifth, and the first in the fourth, so the left foot makes the last and Twelfth Step, and must stand by the right foot of the man in his file he is to Double, and so remain, expecting the next Command. Word of Command 42. Halt Explanation. The foresaid ranks face at once upon the right about, straightening their ranks and files, as formerly has been said. Words of Command. 43. Front half Files as you were. Explanation. The foresaid Three ranks stand ready to March as they were. Word of Command. 44. march. Explanation The forementioned Three ranks step at once with the Left foot, and March slowly forward, carrying their Arms high, straightening their ranks, and evening their files, when they come to their former places. Word of Command. 45. Front half files to the Left double you rear. Explanation The foresaid Three ranks turn upon their left foot to the left about and stand thus ready to March, and double. Word of Command. 46. march Explanation. The foresaid ranks step again at one time forward with the left foot, and March slowly into the ranks that stood behind them, in such a manner, that the right foot is the last and Twelfth Step, and stands next the left foot of the Man they are to Double, and stand thus till the following Command. word of command. 47. Halt Explanation. The foresaid Three Ranks turn upon the right foot to the left about, and straighten their ranks and Files. word of command. 48. Front half files as you were. Explanation. The forementioned Three ranks stand again ready to March as they were. word of command. 49. march Explanation. The foresaid three ranks step at once forward with the left foot, and March slowly to their former places, carrying their Arms well and high, and stand strait in their ranks and files, as formerly has been said. Word of Command Files take heed to double. 50. Files to the right double. Explanation. The files which are to double, turn at once upon the left foot to the right; namely, the second, the fourth, the Sixth, and the Eighth, reckoning from the right Hand, and so through the whole Battalion; but the uneven files must stand, Viz. The first, the third, the fifth, the seventh, etc. Through the whole Battalion. Note, That in this doubling of Files, the Pikes are never mixed amongst the Musketeers, nor the Musketeers amongst the Pikes, but that every division Doubles itself apart, and so they must have even files; and in case there be uneven Files, they are to stand still. Word of Command. 51. march. Explanation. The forementioned files thus faced, ready to March and Double, must at once step forward with the left foot, and March slowly, every one placing himself behind his Right hand Man, so that the left foot in the Third and last Pace comes ro stand foremost; with the Heel behind the left Heel of his Right-hand man he is to double, expecting the next Command. Word of Command. 52. Halt Explanation. The foresaid Marched Files turn at once upon the left foot to the left, and straighten their Ranks and Files, carrying their Arms well, as often hath been said. Word of Command. 53. To the Left as you were. Explanation. The foresaid Files which Doubled, face at once upon the left Foot to the left, and stand thus ready to March as they were. Word of Command. 54. march. Explanation. The forementioned Files step at once with the left Foot forward, and March in Three Paces to their former places, and stand in their Ranks and Files as before. Word of Command. 55. Files to the left double. Explanation The Files which before stood still, must now upon the Right Foot face to the left, and stand ready to March and double. word of command. 56. march. Explanation. The forementioned Files standing thus Faced, ready to March and double; namely, the first, the Third, the fifth and the Seventh; &c. step at once with the Right Foot forwards, and March in Three paces slowly behind the man that stood on their left Hand, so that the Right Foot in the Third and last pace stands foremost; with the Heel behind the right heel of the left hand Man he is to double, expecting the following Command. Word of command. 57 Halt. Explanation The files face at once upon the right foot to the right, standing eve● in their ranks and files, and do as before hath been said. Word of Command. 58. To the Right as you were. Explanation. The foresaid files which have doubled, fa●● again at once upon the right foot to the right and thus stand ready to march as they we●● Word of Command. 59 march. Explanation. The forenamed files step forward at once with the right foot, and march in three pace● to their former places, and straighten their ranks and files as formerly they stood. Half Ranks take heed to double your Files. Word of Command. 60. Half Ranks to the right double your Files. Explanation. The half rakns of every division faces upon the left foot to the Right, and so stand ready to march and double. Note, That this doubling is either by the half Ranks of every division a part, or by the half of the Battalion. Word of Command. 61. march. Explanation. The forementioned Files that are Faced to double, step at once with the left foot forward, and March strait forward to the place where the First Man of the Right hand stood; where every one to the last Man must turn (observing in this March, that the left foot must never come at the outside of ●he line of the Front) and March thus in ●he midst of the Ranks and files wherein they are to double; so that the Left Foot ●●ust make the last step, as in Explan. 51. Word of command. 62. Halt. Explanation. The foresaid half Ranks Face at once upon the Left Foot to the Left, and straighten their Ranks and Files. Word of Command. 63. To the left as you were. Explanation. The foresaid Half Ranks face at once upon the left foot to the left, and so stand ●●ady to March in their former places. Word of Command. 64. march. Explanation. The foresaid Half Ranks step at once forward with their left foot, and March thus forward till they come to their former places (observing again, that the Right foot do not come without the strait Line of the front) expecting the following Command. Word of command. 65. Halt. Explanation. The foresaid half Ranks face all together upon the Right foot to the Right, straightening their Ranks and files, carrying their Arms well and high. Word of Command. 66. Half ranks to the Left double your files. Explanation. The Half Ranks which stood still before, must March now, facing at once upon the Right foot to the Left; stand thus ready to March and double. Word of Command. 67. march Explanation. The foresaid Half Ranks begin their March with the Right foot, and March strait forwards, every one following his leader to the place where the first lefthand Man stood and turned, where every one to the last man must turn, and march thus forward (observing that the Right foot never comes without the front Lìne) into the midst of the Ranks and files in which they are to double; The Right foot makes the last step, and stands forwards, as in Explan. 56. and thus stand expecting the next command. Word of Command. 68 Halt Explanation. The foresaid Half Ranks face at once upon the Right foot to the Right, straightening their Ranks and files carrying their Arms well, strait and high. Word of Command. 69. To the right as you were. Explanation. The foresaid Ranks face at once upon the right foot to the Right, standing thus ready to march to their former Places. Word of command. 70. march The forementioned Half Ranks step forward all together with the Right foot, a March back to their former places (observing again in their march, that the left foot does not come without the line of the front) expecting the following Command. Word of Command. 71. Halt. Explanation The foresaid Ranks face all together upon the left foot to the left, straightning their Ranks and files, and carrying their Arms strait and high. Word of Command. Files take heed to Counter march. 72. Files to the right about Countermarch. Explanation The first man of every file must face upon the Right foot to the Right about. word of command. 73. March Explanation The whole Battalion steps at once with the left foot forward, and march every one slowly to the right Side of the man that stood behind him, till the first comes to the last, and the last to the first Man's place, (observe further, that in their march every one turns at the same place to the right about, where the first man turned; also that they carry their arms well, strait and high; every one observing their distance in ranks and files, that they disorder not another) expecting the following Command. Word of Command. 74 Files to the left about Countermarch. Explanation. The first Man of every file must turn upon the left foot to the left about, and expect the following Command. word of command. 75. march. Explanation. The whole Battalion step at once with the left foot forward, marching slowly by the left side of the man that stood behind him, till every one has come to his former place, observing further all what has been shown in Explan. 73. Word of Command. Ranks take heed to counter march. 76 Ranks to the right about Countermarch. Explanation. The whole Battalion turns at once upon the Right Foot to the Right, and stand thus ready to counter march. Word of Command. 77 march Explanation. The first Man of every division faces upon the right foot to the right about, and Marches strait in the middle between the Ranks (all follow one another to the place where the first Man faced to the right about, and in the same place do likeways face, and so march forward till he stands upon the left hand that stood upon the right, and he that stood upon the left stands upon the right; In which March care is to be taken, that as soon as the first Man is past, the last to march in the same line, Marching with his Right Foot where the last man marched with his Right Foot, marching thus in the strait line of the Front, and because the Souldie● come some thing near each other in th●● March, good care must be taken to carry their Arms well, that they may not touch or clatter; And likewise observe the distance of ranks and files as they were formerly. Note, This Countermarch may be done by division, or by the whole Battalion. Word of Command. 78 Halt Explanation. The whole Battalion faces at once upon the Right foot to the right, straightening their Ranks and Files, carrying their Arms well. Word of Command. 79. Ranks to the Left Counter march. Explanation The whole Battalion faces upon the left foot to the Left; and stands thus ready to Countermarch. Word of Command 80. march. Explanation. The first Man of every Division faces upon the left foot to the left about, and marches strait in the middle of the two ranks, the which all follow till they come to their first place; In which March is to be observed, that the first man, as soon as he is past the last, tread in the same Line with his left foot where the other did go with his Left foot, and thus to March in the strait line of the Front; and further to observe in the Countermarch what is said in Expla. 77. Word of Command. 81. Halt. The whole Battalion faces at once upon the left foot to the left, straightning their Rank and files, carrying their Arms well. Word of Command. Take heed to close your Files. 82. To the Right and Left close your Files to the Centre. Explanation. The whole Battalion faces to the right and left inwards at the Centre; namely, the half raoks on the right face to the left upon the left foot, and the other half on the left, face on the right foot to the right, that they stand with their faces and feet towards each other, standing thus expecting the following Command. word of command. 83. March Explanation. The Right half Ranks step with the left foot, and the left half ranks with the right foot, at one time forwards, and those that stand in the middle make but half a Pace, and March thus against one anoterh to the distance of half a Pace, carrying their Arms well and high, that they do not come to touch, and stand thus, expecting the next Command. Word of Command. 84. Halt Explanation. The half ranks of the right turn upon the Left foot to the right, and those of the left hand turn upon the right foot to the left. Note, When you close your Files to the Right or left, The whole Battalion must face upon the left foot, and march with the left Foot; and this is to be observed in their former returning to their Places. Word of Command Take heed tociost your ranks. 85. Ranks close to the Front. Explanation The five last ranks stand ready to March, and close forwards. word of command. 86. march. Explanation. The first rank stands, the five other step at once with the left foot forward, Marching thus slowly, and Close within a pace of each other. Word of Command. Take heed to Wheel. 87. To the right Wheel. Explanation. The closed ranks and files stand ready to March and Wheel. Word of Command. 88 march Explanation. The Whole Battalion Marches with the Left Foot at once forwards, and march and Wheel the fourth part of a Circle, viz. the first man of the first rank of the right hand, ●urns with his body and feet slowly; but so, that the right foot doth not come out of 〈◊〉 place, he only turning upon the heel, the there of the same rank also wheel with him and according to proportion, as they are distant from the right hand man, do man faster or slower, looking carefully to 〈◊〉 left hand, without turning the head, th●● the whole rank may march even; the 〈◊〉 rank in their wheeling must keep close the right, and not march so quick as the there, they having a greater Circumference The other must observe the same order their march, though not to close themselver the right as the first rank doth, but to the●● & to observe their distance well in ranks files, carrying their Arms well, every one ●● serving his Leader, & the right and left M● Ranks as they are further from the Fro● so in proportion they are to march faster. Word of Command. 89. Halt. Explanation. The whole Battalion having wheeled th● fourth part of a circle stands straigth ni●● their Ranks & files, carrying their arms wr●● and expecting the following Command. Word of Command. 90. To the Right Wheel. Explanation. The whole Battalion stands again ready to march and Wheel. word of command. 91. March. Explanation. The Battalion steps again at once with the Left foot forward, and Wheels the fourth part of a Circle, observe further Explan. 88 word of command. 92 Halt. Explanation. They stand still here, as was shown in Explan. 89. straighten your ranks and files, and carry your Arms well and high. Word of Command. 93. To the right about wheel. Explanation They stand again ready to March and Wheel. Word of Command. 94. March. Explanation. As the whole Battalion at twice did wheel at each time the fourth part of a Circle, so must it now at once wheel half a Circle to the right about; so that every one comes to stand in his former Place again, oblerving as in Explan, 88 word of command. 95 Halt. Explanation. The whole Battalion being come to their former place, stand, straightening their rank and files, carrying their Arms well. Word of Command. 96. To the left, wheel. Explanation. The whole Battalion stands ready again to march and Wheel Word of Command. 97. march. Explanation. The whole Battalion Marches at one with the left foot forward, and wheel to the left the fourth part of a Circle. The first man of the left turns in his place upon the left foot, as also the first rank Closes to the left, and the other ranks in their march close to the right, without turning their heads Observe also what has been saidof distance Ranks and files, and carrying of Arms. word of command. 98. Halt Explanation. They stand still as before, straightning their Ranks and files, carry their Arms well, and expect the following Command. Word of Command. 99 To the left wheel. Explanation. They stand again ready to March & wheel. word of command. 100 March Explanation. They wheel the Fourth part of a Circle the left, and observe all in the abovesaid Wheeling. word of command. 101. Halt. Explanation. They stand thus, expecting the following Command. word of command. 102. To the left about Wheel. Explanation. They stand ready to March and Wheel Word Command. 103. march Explanation. As the Whole Battalion did wheel at vice, each time the Foutth part of a Circe, so must it now at one time Wheel the ●alf of a Citcle to the Left about, by which very one comes to his former place. Ob●rve also what hath been formerly said. word of command. 104. Halt. Explanation. The whole Battalion being now come their former places, remain thus strait 〈◊〉 their ranks and files, carrying their An● well and high. Note, That when you are to wheel with 〈◊〉 Ranks, the following Rank must not wheel ti●● comes to the place where the first rank did Wheel; when you wheel to the right you must close to 〈◊〉 right, & look to the Left; And when you wheel to Left, and look towards the Right. Word of Command. Files take heed to open your former tance. 105. Files to the right and Left o●● wards, to your former distance. Explanation. The half ranks of the right Ha● turn upon the left foot to the right, and 〈◊〉 half ranks of the left hand turn upon 〈◊〉 right foot to the left, and stand now back back, as in Explant 82: they stood face Face. Above all, care must be taken to cry their Arms strait and high. word of command. 106. march. Explanation. The half ranks of the right step forward with the left, and the half ranks of the Left step forward with the right Foot all at once, and March to their former places, those that stand in the middle make but half a pace word of command. 107 Halt. Explanation. The right half ranks face upon the left foot to the left, and the left half ranks face upon the right foot to the right, and straightening again their ranks and files, and carry their arms well, strait and high. Word of Command. Ranks take heed to open to your former distance. 108. Ranks as you were. Explanation. The five ranks which in Explan. 85, did Close forwards, turn upon the left foot to the right about, standing thus ready to march as they were, The first rank of the five which turns, must take special care to carry the Muzzles of their Arms high, that they may not touch the arms of the first rank that stands still. word of command. 109. march. Explanation. The forementioned five ranks step at once with the left foot forwards, marching slowly to their former distance of four paces, observing that the left foot comes down last, and stands foremost; and expect the following command. Word of Command. 110. Halt. Explanation. The foresaid five ranks face at once upon the left foot to the left about, straightning their ranks and files as before. Word of Command. Take heed to lay down your Arms. 111. Rest your muskets. Explanation. The Muskets are taken from the shoulder and rested, as is shown in the Exercise of the Musket in Explanation 37. Word of Command. 112. Order your Arms. Explanation. This is done as in the Exercise of the Musket, Explan. 38. and of the Pike, Expla. 31. Word of Command. 113. Lay down your Arms. Explanation. This is done as in the Exercise of the Musket, Expl. 39 and that of the Pike Exp 32. has been said; and it must be observed, that the Musketeers and Pikemen perform all their Motions at one time. Word of Command. Take heed to quite your Arms. 114. For Straw. Explanation. As soon as this Command is given, the whole Battalion must face upon the left foot to the right about, and expect the following Command. word of command. 115. March. Explanation The whole Battalion step with the left foot forwards, and march slowly between the Files of their Arms, and march so far clear from their Arms as the Commanding Officer pleases to order. Note, When the Soldiers are Marched beyond their Arms, they do not observe Ranks and Files; which Marching and Returning may also be done with the Drum, or with the Shot of a musket, according as the Commanding Officer pleases to order. Word of Command. 116. To your Arms. Explanation As soon as this Command is given, they all draw their Swords, and run together (holding their Swords in their right Hand even with their Shoulders, the Points upwards) to their Arms and stand thus expecting the following Command. Word of Command. 117. Put up your Swords. Explanation. The whole Battalion turn at once, the Points of their Swords down, looking to wards the left Hand, and put them in the Scabbards; tell 1, 2, let go the Right Hand standing thus, both Hands hanging do●● by the Body, till the following Command. Word of Command. 118. Take up your Arms. Explanation. This is done as in the Exercise of the Musket, Explan. 40. and of the Pike, Explan▪ 33. taking heed that every one observe hi● leader, and his Right hand man, that they all rise at once. Word of Command. 119. Rest your Muskets. Explanation This is done as in the Exercise of the Musket, Explan▪ 41. word of command. 120. Posse your Musket, and advance your Pikes Explanation The Muskets and Pikes are brought up at one time, and held before the Body; Viz. The Musketeers take their muskets with the Right Hand under their Pans, and bring up their Muskets before the Body with both Hands, (at the same time bringing up the Right Foot) in which Bringing up, he lets go the left Hand, and hold his Musket with an outstretched Arm before the middle of his Body; The Pikemen do as in Explan. 36. and all stand thus expecting the following Command. Word of Command. 121. Soldier your Musket's Explanation. This is done as in Explan, 9 carrying your Arms well, as often has been said. RULSE for the Forming of Battalions, the Posting of Officers, Salutes, etc. I. FIrst, the Companies which are to form a Battalion, shall place themselves according to the date of their commission; Viz. The Colonel, ●● first Company on the right Wing; The Second, or Lieutenant Colonel's Company, upon the Left Wing; The Major's o● Third Company, upon the Right Wing, next the first or Colonels Company; The eldest Captain, or fourth Company upon the left Wing, next the Lieutenant Colonels or Second Company. All the other Companies after that manner must place themselves, till the youngest Company come to stand in the Centre. II. When the Companies are marching to the place where the Battalion is to be form, the Pikemen must march with their Pike advanced; they must always be placed on be Left Hand of the Musketeers of their Companies. III. When all the Companies are come to the place where they are to form the Battalion, Drummer is to stand before the Centre of the Battalion, and to be at a ruffle for warning; and the Musketeers of those Companies which make the right Wing, shall face to the Right, and the Pikes to the Left, the Musketeers of the Left shall face to the Left, and the pikes to the Right; upon which all the Drummers shall beat a Troop, and the Musketeers and Pikemen march through and form the Battalion. The Officers also at the same time when the Ruffle is Beat, must stand with their fa●es towards the Battalion, their Pikes and Partilans in their hands; and also when the Troop Beats, March and post themselves in their proper Places. In the same manner is the Battalion to be Reduced again to Companies, only with this difference, that all those which in the forming Battalion faced to the Right, must then face to the Left; and those that faced to the Left, must face to the Right. Here is also to be observed, that wh● they March off by Companies, the Company on the Right Wing shall Marc● first, Beating a Troop, with their Musket Clubbed, & their Pikes advanced; And 〈◊〉 the Company on the left Wing follows, 〈◊〉 so one after another, according to Senior 〈◊〉 Note, That when they Troop off, the 〈◊〉 March before the Musketeers. The P●kes must always be Advanced wh●● they march before the King. iv The Battalion being form, as is said be fore, the Colonel places himself in the Centre, before the Pikes and Colours; 〈◊〉 Lieutenant Colonel behind him; the 〈◊〉 of the Captains, as also of the Lieutenant in one line upon the Right Wing, the oth●● half upon the left Wing of the Musketeer And the Ensigns before the Pikes, either 〈◊〉 the Colours or Half Pikes. And that the Officers may not alter the places by their continual Moving to 〈◊〉 fro, the Captains, as also the Lieutenant's sha●● remain upon that Wing where their 〈◊〉 keteers are, and there post themselves 〈◊〉cording to their Commissions; that is, 〈◊〉 eldest outwards, and the youngest towards Centre; so that those that have their 〈◊〉 keteers upon the Right Wing must rem●● before them, though there should be found elder upon the Left Wing. But in case there should be a great many Officers more absent upon the one Wing then the other, the youngest are always to go over to the other wing to make the number equal; Though upon Action every one shall remain and be left as near his own Company as possible may be; Of which all Colonels and Commanding Officers of Battalions are to take great care, and to see that all be done for the best of the Service. The Sergeants are to Rank themselves in Rear of the Battalion, except those that are Commanded to stand upon the Wings; those Battalions which have but sew Companies, and by consequence but few Sergeants, must have three upon each Wing, that is, at the First, the Fourth, and Last Rank; but those Battalions where there are Sergeants enough, must have one upon the Wing of each Rank, and this is to be ordered according as there is more or fewer Companies in the Battalion. And as to the Drummers, they must be divided into Three parts; The first Third part shall place themselves upon the Right Wing of the Musketeers, next to the Corporal, or outmost Granadeer; The second third part upon the Left Wing; And the other Third part before the pikes, behind the colours, where the Oboes are also to place themselves. V The Battalion being to exercise, no Officer may be absent without leave, but always stand by the Exercise, with his Arms in his Hand upon the Post which in the rule of Exercise is assigned him, still expecting such Orders as may be given him; to exercite the whole Battalion, some part of 〈◊〉 or a single Company which they are always to perform with their Arms in their Hands, and not to quite their Arms No Officer shall exercise on Horse Back, except the Major, or those that in his absence do perform Major's duty. VI When the King is to be saluted, so soon as he draws near, all the Drummers are to Beat a march; and his Majesty being come pear the Regiment, the Musketeers being Shouldered, they shall rest their muskets, and the Pikeman having their Pikes advanced) shall at the same time Charge their Pikes with the Spears Breast high, and remain in this posture till his Majesty shall be passed the Regiment; In his Riding by the Officers shall Salute him, he being Three or four Paces distance from them: And all those that are of one Character, shall salute all in one form. Here is to be observed, that in the absence of the Ensign, which otherwise being present must carry the Colours before his Breast when he is to salute. He that carries the Colours being no Ensign, as is commonly done by the Free Corporal, may march and stand in the Ensigns place, but not salute. When his Majesty passes the Rear of the Battalion no Officer nor Colours shall go through the Battalion to the Rear, nor salute any further; but the Soldiers present their Arms to the Right about, as before has been shown, the Pikes being charged, and the Muskets rested. VII. When a Battalion is to file off and march, the Colonel marches foremost alone, or he that commands the Battalion, although he were but a Captain, upon which the half of the Captains in one Rank follow, and then the Musketers; The other half of the Captains March in the Rear of the last division of Musketeers, and behind them the Lieutenant Colonel; but the Lieutenant Colonel being absent,, or in the absence of the Colonel, he leading the Regiment, 〈◊〉 Captain shall close in the Rear, to march in the Lieutenant Colonel's place; but shall march in the same Rank with the rest the Captains in the Rear. No Captain is to march in the Lieutenant Colonel's place. The Lieutenants shall lead the Divisiong of the Musketeers, and the Ensigns the Divisions of the Pikes, but those Ensigns that carry the Colours, shall march together before the middle division of the Pikes, and wanting Lieutenants, some of the Ensignt shall be taken to lead the Divisions of Musketeers where the Lieutenants are wanting. The youngest Captain shall always march before the Pikes, having one Ensign behind him, or more if there be any left when the Divisions are provided. It must be observed, that they must not March with more Divisions than there are Officers to lead them; and sometimes finding the Way too Narrow to march with a strong Front, than they must March with Half Ranks, or less Divisions, or doubling of files, as may be most convenient. VIII. The Drummers shall in their March continue divided in three parts, and a third part of them by each Division of Musketeers on the Right Ving; and another Third Part by the second Division of Musketeers on the Left Wing, and the other Third part by the Pikes. They shall always in their March, one of them Beat in each Division, but when a Battalion Marches into a Town, or other public places, they must all of them Bear. It is to be observed, that they must always march between the Third and fourth Rank of every Head or Chief division; that is, one Third part by the First division. IX. The Officers in Marching shall carry their Arms downwards, till such time as they are to salute, and then the Captains and the Ensigns Shoulder them, and from thence falute; But the Ensigns that carry the Colours, shall in their march carry them upon their Shoulders, and only take them before their breasts when they are going to Salute. The Sergeants and under Officers are not to Salute, but carry their Arms upon their left Shoulders, the Spears in their Hands downwards, and only in marching by, take off their hats. X. His Majesty shall not be saluted by Guards, or otherwise, out once a day, except he finding a Regiment or Company Posted, having afterward Commanded to see it March by; upon which Occasion he must be again saluted. It is to be noted, That a Battalion being Commanded to march by the King in Companies, that then all Commanding Officers, the Colone included, must march at the Head of their Companies. XI. The further ceremonies to be performed to his Majesty, as also to all others, do remain as formerly, the General Officers hereafter named included. The Lieutenent Generals, or those that are in the same quality or degree, shall for the future be Saluted by all Officers, the Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, and the Colours excepted. In the Field or Camp shall be given them three Ruffies, also in Garrison by the Main guard; but all other guards shall beat a march Before their Door shall be placed a Sergeant and two Sentinals. The Major General shall be saluted by no Officer, and but two Ruffles given him either in Camp or Gatrison, and at his Door two Sentinals. For those Governors that are no Generals, there shall in all places where they are Governors, be given them one Ruffle. But for them that have no Commissions as Governors, no Drum shall Beat. The Main Guato shall Rest their Arms to the Governor, as also every Sentinal, but if he continue Walking or Standing before the Guard, they may lay down their Arms. The Colonels shall have one Sentinel at their Doors, and those of the Garrison one of their own Regiment. He that commands the Regiment in absence of the Colonel, shall have that Sentinel at his Door. The main Guard shall turn out, and stand to their Arms for a Colonel, though but once a day; they may return into the Guard, if he continue to stand or walk near the Guard, but all other Guards shall order their Arms for him, the sentines of their own Regiment shall rest their Arms to him, but those of other Regiments shall Remain Shouldered. The Lieutenant Governors and Commanders shall be Treated in their own Garrisons as Colonels, and the Major Comadants as the Lieutenant Colonels, except by the absence of the Commander they Command in his Place, and then to be Treated as before is said of the Commanders. For the Lieutenant Colonels and Majo●● the Main Guard is to do nothing but 〈◊〉 other Guard turn out and stand over th●● Arms. The Sentinels of their own Regiment must rest their Muskets to them, 〈◊〉 those of other Regiments keep their Musket's Shouldered. For Captains and Subalterns; the Sennels shall keep their Arms Shouldered, concept it be in Place where they Command and then they are to Rest their Arms, a●● the Guards to turn out. XII No Cannon shall be fired for any Gener●● mentioned in the Eleventh Article; that 〈◊〉 to say, when they come in, or go out of 〈◊〉 Garrison. FINIS. THE EXERCISE OF DRAGOONS Both on HORSEBACK and FOOT. ORDERED, By Sir THOMAS LIVINGSTON, Major General, and Commander in Chief, of Their MAJESTY'S Forces in the Kingdom of SCOTLAND. royal Scottish crown EDINBURGH, Printed by John Reid, and are to be sold at his Printing-House in Bells-Wynd, 1693. THE EXERCISE OF DRAGOONS Both on and FOOT. A DRAGOON being on Horseback, The first Word of Command shall be, 1. Handle your Arms. Explanation. AT this Word of Command your Butt being in your Bucket, you are to catch hold of your Firelock with your right Hand, so that the back of your hand be upwards, your Thumb hanging down by the inside of the Stock, an hand breadth above the keeper, tell 1, 2, pull it from the Bucket, so holding it till the following Word of Command, in that same posture as when it was in the Bucket. Word of Command. 2. Advance your Fire Locks. Explanation. In that same posture as formerly expressed the Firelock is to be brought up with the Right hand, and at that same time, the Le●● hand is to be joined to it: Just above th● keeper; The Thumb upwards on the inside of the Stock, tell 1, 2, take away the Right hand, and at the same time turn it with th● Left, so that its muzzle stand strait upwards It is to be observed, that at the same time tha● the muzel stand upwards, the right hand is 〈◊〉 catch hold of the small end of the Butt, tell 1, 2, take away the Left hand, bringing th●● Butt with the Right hand to the right thighed 3 Cast about to the Sword-side. With your Right hand it is to be brough●● smartly up, so as a poised firelock, and 〈◊〉 further as is expressed in the Mannual of th●● foot, by Number 8th, excepting the motion● of Foot and Leg. 4. Draw your Bagonets. This is to be done as by the Mannual●● the foot: Number 9 5 Fix them in the Muzzel of your fire locks. This done as in the mannual of the foot● Number 10. 6 Advance your fire locks. This is done as by the Number 11 in the manual of the foot facing without any intermission, and in facing you are to take away your right Hand, catching hold with it the small end of the Butt, holding the Firelock as poised, till you tell 1, 2, then bring it to your right Thigh as formerly. 7. Cast about to the Sword-side. This is formerly expressed in the Third word of Command of the Mannual on Horseback. 8. Oraw forth your Bagonets. This is done, as in the Manual of the Foot, in Number 14. 9 Put them in their places. This is done as in the Manual of the Foot, in Number 15. 10 Advance your Fire lock. This is done as formerly expressed by Number 11, so far as is done on Horseback. 11. put back your Firelock The But end of the Firelock is to lean against your right Thigh, as when Advanced, and with the help of the Carabin belt, the Firelock is to be balanced, that it continue in its Advanced posture without holding, tell 1, 2, 3, At the first telling the Right Hand is to be taken away from the small end of the Butt, catching hold of the Stock half a foot above the Keeper, with that same hand; At the second, the Fire lock is to be brought back with its Butt end behind the knee; And at the Third, it is altogether to be taken away, so that the Butt end hang down by the out side of the foot. 12. Lose your Links in order to Dismount At the performance of this motion, the left hand Man is to be observed, and all are carefully to observe that so soon as they see the left hand man of the first Rank gins his motion of stooping, than it is to be studied by Each, who shall be first down, so as that their stooping with their body, & joining their right hand to their link be all at one time; & so to remain in that posture till the left hand man begin to raise his body, which most be as smattly as when he stooped. 13 Your right foot from the Stirrup. It is carefully to be observed, that your clearing the right foot of the stirrup, and joining the right hand to your fire lock be at the same time, so that the hand catch hold of the fire lock half a foot above the keeper. 14 Dismount. At the Performance of this motion, The right hand man is to be observed, carrying your bodies as strait as possible, tell 1, 2, than you are to face on your Left heel to the right, so that your face be to the Rear. 15. Link your Horses. At the performance of this Command, it is carefully to be observed, that you bring your Links from your horse necks with the Left, at the same time you are to catch hold of your left hand horse, by the head-steel, with the right near by the ring, then with your Left hand you are to bring your link to the right, where you are to link your horses together, and so stand till the following word of Command. 16. To the right hand about On the left heel you are to face to the right hand about. 17. Rest your Firelock. At this word of Command, You are to catch hold with your Right Hand the firelock half a foot above the keeper, and so forward as you will find expressed in the Advanced Firelock, only that the catching hold of the small end, and the falling back of the Right Foot be observed all at the same time. 18. Vnspring your Fire lock. With the Right Hand you are to catch hold of your spring, tell 1, 2, press it with your Thumb, so that it come clear off the Ring, tell 1, 2, Let your Carabin belt fall and with your Right Hand catch hold of the small end of the Butt behind the Lock, keeping the Firelock in that same posture a● Rested. 19 poise your Firelocks. This motion is to be performed by bringing up your Firelock with your Right Hand, and upbringing of your Right foot strait before your face; so as the lock, stand outward. 20. Shoulder your Firelocks. This is to be done as is to be found by the number 36, in the Mannual of the Foot. ORDERS and WORDS of COMMAND Teaching the Handling of Firelocks; As also the Explanation, beginning from a Shouldered Firelock. I. A Soldier having his firelock Shouldered, must stand strait, holding always his head upwards, steadfastly observing, and making no other motions than what shall be Commanded by the Officer Commanding. II. The Feet an ordinary Pace wide, his Heels in a strait line, his toes outward. III. The Fire lock must be carried on the left Shoulder, holding it with the Left hand: The Thumb lying above in the hollow part of the Butt, the keeper closely to the breast, that the Muzzel may the better stand upwards, the Lock turned a little outwards, so that the lower part of the Butt come opposite to the Buttons of the Coat. FOUR The Left Elbow must be a little upwards, carried from the body, though no farther than the Arm will allow, without constraint; and the Right Arm must hang strait down, so that the Palm of the hand come nearest the Body. Words of Command with their Explanation. Take Notice to Exercise the Mannual. 1. join your Right hand to your Fire lock. A Soldier having his Fire lock shouldered a formerly expressed, must turn it inward with the left hand, and at the same time, smatch joining the right hand to it, the Lock outward the Thumb of the right hand come upward on the Stock, both the Elbows equally high so that the Muzzle stand upward. 2. posse your Firelock. At this Command the Firelock must be with both the hands smartly poised, and without any stop, with the right hand vigorously thrust from you, at which thrusting the left hand must be taken away, and hang strait by the Body, so that the lock be outwards, opposite to the face, the fear strait together without moving. Nota, At the Shouldering, the Left Hand Man is always to be observed, and that without the least moving of the head. 3. join your left hand to your Firelock. The Fire lock must be smartly brought down by the right hand, and catched by the left hand, (at the same time with the down-setting of the Right foot,) about two hands breadth above the lock, so that the Stockily in your full hand, your thumb upwards, your Arms as low as conveniently then can reach, holding both your Elbows a little outwards, but especially your right elbow, the right foot backward a little to the right side, the left Knee a little bended, the Body straigth, keeping the fire lock in that posture, a little outward from the right side, but so as the full Body be as much towards the Front as possible, your hand without constraint behind the lock. 4: Cock your Fire lock. The Thumb must be laid on the Cock, and with both the hands, and upbringing of the right foot with half out stretched Arms, the better, and with more ease, to cock your firelock, it must be brought strait up, tell 1, 2, Cock, thrust your firelock with both your hands smartly from you, and keep your Thumb on it, without touching the Tricker, with your fingers strait before your body, with out stretched Arms 5. present In Presenting of the firelock, you are to step back with the right foot, but so that it come not behind the left, but a little to the right side placed; that they may the better bring their full body to the front, so taking the Thumb from the cock, and at the same time of the down setting of your foot, the butt end of your firelock is to be at the hollow of your right shoulder, holding the butt end so, that the Thumb be in the hollow of the butt, your foremost finger at the tricker, the 3d: finger closely to the keeper, the body must be strait, though a little inclining to the Buttend, the Elbows as much as possible in a line with the Butt of the fire lock, the muzzel a little sloping, the hand strait up, the left knee a little bowed. 6. Give Fire. As soon as this word of Command is given; you are to draw your Tricker, with your foremost finger as hard as possible, remaining in that posture till the following word of Command. 7. Recover your Fire lock. At this word of Command, the head is not to be moved; but with both the hands and upbringing of the right foot, the firelock is to be smartly brought up with outstretched arms, the barrel right before the middle of the face, the left hand equally high with the left shoulder. 8. Cast about to the sword side. The Fire lock is to be turned with both the hands, so that the Barrel turn outwards, and tell longsome 1, 2, take away the right hand; bring the fire lock with the left low, step with the right foot a step forwards, though not straigth before the left, but a little to the right side, that the full Body may so much the better appear to the Front, and take it by the muzzle with the right hand, so that the down bringing of the firelock, and the down setting of the right foot, with the catching of the muzzle with the right hand, may be all at the same time; the thumb must be keeped upwards upon the Stock; near the ramrod, the Barrel downwards, in the full hand, the Body strait, but the right Knee a little bowed; and continue so bowed till the motions of charging be finished: It must be keeped from the Body, with both the hands alike stretched out, the muzzle as high as the right shoulder, till the following word of command. 9 Draw your Bagonet. The Firelock must be brought close to the body with both the hands, and tell 1, 2, take your bagonet with your right hand again, tell 1, 2, draw it out, & with a stretched out Arm bring it smartly before your face, your right hand in an equal line with your right Shoulder, your Thumb upwards on the handle the blades broadside before your face, the point upwards. 10. Screw it in the Muzzel of your Firelock. The handle of your Bagonets are to be put in the Muzzel of your Firelocks, turning them inwards, so as they both fasten, and Blade's broadside be upward at one turn, than with the Right hand the Muzzel is to be catched hold of the Thumb upwards, tell 1, 2, thrust it from your body smartly, with out stretched arms, the Muzzel as high as your left Shoulder. 11 Rest your Fire lock. The Firelock with the Bagonet in its Muzzel must be with both hands brought strait up, and turn without any intermission on the left heel to the right hand; And in turning you are to take away your right hand, and with it catch hold under the Cock: Your Thumb on the Cock, so as the barrel be inwards to your body, drawing your Right hand & Right foot at one time back: Note, that the right foot be right after the heel of the left, but a little set to the right side, the left knee bowed a little, both your elbows turned out, though the right a little more than the left. 12. Present to the Front. The Firelock, the bagonet, with both hands, and upbringing of the right foot ●ust be smartly brought up, and in bringing ●p the right hand, must catch hold under the Butt; so that the butt stand on the fingers, the Thumb outwards on the butt, tell 1, 2, ●hen with the right foot, step backward, and present your bagonet to the Front, your left knee bowed. 13. Cast about to the sword side. The Firelock with both the hands and upbringing of the right foot is to be smartly brought up, so that in upbringing the right hand is to Catch hold under the Lock, the barrel being inwards, then with both the hands, the barrel is to be turned outwards: And so forth as is in Number 8. 14. Take your Bagonet from the Muzzel of your Firelocks. The Fire lock is to be brought closely to the body with both the hands, tell 1, 2, screw your Bagonets out of your Fire locks, and hold it with an outstreatched arm, strait before your face: as is in Number 9 15. Put up your Bagonets. The Bagonet is to be turned with 〈◊〉 point downwards, pointing towards the le●● side, tell 1, 2, put it in its scabbard, tell 1, 2, then catch with the right hand the fir●● lock by the Muzzel, then with outstreatch●● arms, thrust it smartly from you. 16. Half Cock your Firelocks. The Firelock must be brought up wi●● both the hands, the barrel inwards, without any stop, you are to turn upon your 〈◊〉 foot to the right, in which turning the right hand is to be taken away, and with the right Thumb catch hold of the Cock, the finger behind the keeper, tell 1, 2, half Cock you● Firelock, & bring the right hand behind th● Lock, thrusting the Firelock smartly from you, with out stretched Arms. 17. Clean your pan with your Thum● At the back stepping with the right foot so as its heel come just opposite to that of the Left, the firelock is to be brought down with both the hands, as smartly as possible, that the down bringing of the firelock, & down setting of the right foot be done at once, the firelock must be of an just Level, then with your right Thumb, you are to clean your pan at one motion, your Thumb kept by the outside of the pan, till the following word of Command. 18 Handle your Primer. The Primer must be taken with the right hand, the Thumb above its small end tell 1, 2, then bring it within a handbreadth of the pan smartly, its head tending something towards the pan, and so wait the following word of Command. 19 Prime. The firelock must be keeped in that same posture as formerly, turning the hand and the mouth of the Primer downwards, beating it twice against the Pan, as much time interveening betwixt strokes, as 1, 2, can be telled, the third motion is to return to the place and posture from whence it last came, till the following word of Command. 20 shut your pa●. Without any kind of motions you are to open your hand in which the primer is that the Primer may fall, than you are to catch hold of the Frizel with your Thumb, above your two first fingers behind, tell 1, 2, shut your pan, and than catch hold behind the lock with the right band, than tell longsome, 1, 2, with upbringing of the Right foot, and with both your hands, bring your Firelock smartly up, the Barrel inward, strait before your face, your arms half outstretched, your elbows equal high. 21. Cast about to Charge. These, same motions are to be observe as you find set down by the number 8. 22. Handle your Carthrage. The Firelock must be brought close 〈◊〉 the body with both the hands, tell 1, ●● quite the firelock with the right hand, lea●ing it in the Left in balance, so that th● muzzel be as high as the left shoulder; A●● with your right hand you are to handle yo● Carthrage, tell longsome 1, 2, push it sma●● out within a little hand breadth of the Mu●●● of the firelock, till the following wor●● Command. 23. Open your Carthrage with your Teeth. The Carthrage must be brought sma●●● to the mouth where ye must by't from the ●●per end of it as much as will allow the po●●● till it fall in the barrel: The thumb imme●atly covering it, and smartly carried to 〈◊〉 posture from whence it came. 24. Charge with powder and Ball The Carthrage must be brought close 〈◊〉 the barrel, as high as the muzzel, than 〈◊〉 end turned down, so that the Powder 〈◊〉 in, the rest put in with the two forem●● fingers, where they are to stay above the muzzel, till the following word of Command. 25. Draw your succourer. The succourer is to be drawn with the fingers of the right hand, keeping the Thumb upwards, and draw it so far out as the arm will allow, tell 1, 2, Catch it again turning the right hand, so that the Thumb come downwards above the stock, just by the abovemost ring, tell longsome, 1, 2, and then draw, so that in the second draught it be brought out, keeping it strait before your right shoulder, the small end inward, so that both ends be in an equal line, with a stretched out Arm. 26. Hold up your succourer. The fingers are to be let go, so that the buttend of the succourer turn down; the thumb stand upward on the courer, holding it strait, the right hand as high as the shoulder. 27. shorten to an handful against your breast. It must be set with its buttend against the right breast, keeping it in an equal line with the firelock, tell 1, 2: bring your hand holding your thumb upwards, down till within a handful of your Breast, holding your elbow a little outwards from your body. 28 put it in the barrel The succourer must be brought up to the muzzel, tell 1, 2, than it must be set down one the Carthrage, thrusting it so fat in the ba●● as your hand will allow, and then catch 〈◊〉 it smartly by the middle, tell 1, 2, th●● the Carthrage so far as the hand will all 〈◊〉 then catch hold of it by the end, tell 1, 2, bring it as low as it can, holding the sm●●● end betwixt the Thumb and fingers, till 〈◊〉 following word of Command. 29. Ram home your shot. The Succourer is to be brought so far 〈◊〉 the arms will allow without constraint, 〈◊〉 1, 2, thrusting home your shot indifference hard, keeping the small end in your 〈◊〉 as formerly 30. Withdraw your succourer. The Succourer is to be thrown out of 〈◊〉 barrel with the right hand half way, ca●●●ing the same with the hand so turned, 〈◊〉 the Thumb come downwards, near to 〈◊〉 Muzzel, tell 1, 2, then draw it altogether out of the barrel and keep it with it 〈◊〉 end to your shoulder in the same postur●● was shown by number 26. 31. Hold them up. The small end is to be let fall, keeping in that same posture as was shown by Number 27. 32. shorten to your breast. The small end is to be set to your brea● ●o as the butt end; as is by number 28. The Fire lock so, as by that same number only, ●he hand must be keeped a handful and an half large from the small end, the better to bring it in its place. 33. put it in its place. It is to be brought by turning the hand about the Muzzel, above to the abovemost Ring, tell 1, 2, Than thrust it in to your hand, than take hold of it by the middle, bring it again low, as the hand will allow; then immediately catching it by the end: tell 1, 2, than it must be at the 3d: time brought to its place, where after the usual telling, you are to catch hold by the Muzzel, holding your Thumb upwards, and tell 1, 2, Thrust your Firelock Smartly from your body, holding that same posture as was shown by Number 10. 34 join your right hand to your fire lock The firelock is to be keeped fast by the left hand, throwing the Muzzel smartly up, so that the butt end be perpendicular with it, though with as little motion as possible, catch it under the Cock with your Right hand, it being free from your body, your arms as low as can be allowed without constraint. 35. poise your firelock. You are to wheel upon your left heel, and in the wheeling, you are to bring your firelock with both your hands strait before your body, & in upbringing you are to take away your left hand, & with the Right hand thrust it smartly out, so that the down-setting of the Right foot, and the thrusting out 〈◊〉 the Right hand, be at one time, keeping yourself in that same posture as was shown by Number 2. 36 shoulder your Fire lock. The firelock is to be turned with the right hand, so that the barrel be turned outwards the keeper almost near the left shoulder: 〈◊〉 is to be observed, that so soon as the first motion of Turning is made, so soon m●●● the left hand be at the Butt of the firelock with the Thumb in the hollow part of the Butt, tell 1, 2, Than bring it with both the hands on the left shoulder, without moving the head, tell 1, 2, take away the Right hand and let it smartly hang down by the Right side, observing that same posture as w●● shown by Number 1. 37. Rest your firelock. This is done by number 1: tell 1, 2, bring smartly up from your shoulder, as by Number 2: Tell 1, 2, and do as by Number ●● only the Thumb must be on the cock, the fingers by the keeper. 38. Order your fire lock. Without bringing your hands higher or lower, you are to bring your firelock right over end; tell 1, 2, free your Right hand from under the Cock, & at the same time you are to let your left hand sink as low as you can, Catching hold with your Right, near to the muzzel, your thumb upwards, so as the point of your Thumb be as high as the upper end of the barrel, tell 1, 2, take away the left hand; with the Right hand bring your Butt end to the ground, by the outside of the right foot, the lock outwards, smartly, so that the down letting of the Butt, & the Right foot be at one time, the heels in a line, the toes outwards; Let the arm of that hand hang down by the barrel, the left hand hang down by the left side, so that the palm hang inward. 39 Ground your Fire lock. You are to lift your right foot, and at the same time you are to turn your barrel inwards, so that it come near to the middle of your body, than set your foot down against the buttend, step with your foot a large step strait forwards with a strait body, holding the head upwards, Let the fire lock be laid on the ground with its lock upwards, tell 1, 2, 3, & rise with the backstepping of the left foot, then turn your right foot on its heel inwards over the butt, letting both the arms hang strait down by the bo●● 40 Take up your fire lock You are to turn your right foot on its h●●● over the butt, setting its broadside against the buttend, at that same time you are to ture the palm of your right hand out a little 〈◊〉 the right side over the toe of the right foo● then stap with your left foot a large step forwards without intermission, so that the le●● foot and right hand come both at once to their places, (the foot to the ground, the hand 〈◊〉 the firelock) let the right arm he strait, the body as little bowed as possible, tell 1, 2, 3, then recover yourself with the firelock by back falling of the left foot, then lift your right foot, and set it in its former posture, the barrel turned outwards, and placed also a formerly it was laid down. A Soldier in laying down and taking 〈◊〉 a fire lock the better to facilitate both 〈◊〉 in down laying he must let his right hand 〈◊〉 as far as conveniently it can go down; before he step out with his left foot, and in uptaking grip it in the same place again, and 〈◊〉 turning the right foot inwards again, let the right hand slip along the barrel, so that the Thumb stand upwards at the muzzle. Note, In down laying and uptaking of Ar●● the bead must be keeped as high as possible, and the all may the better be done at one time, each Soldier of the first rank must look to his Right hand man, the rest to his file leader. 41. Rest your fire lock. The Thumb is to be turned inwards, the right hand is to be let slip so far down as the Arm will allow without constraint, tell 1, 2, lift the firelock up, the muzzle a little upwards, but so soon as with the right hand you free the butt end from the ground, at the same time your left hand is to come alongst your body as laigh as you can to the right side, where it is to catch hold by the Stock, the Thumb upwards a hands breadth above the Stock, tell 1, 2, let your Right Hand go, and in back stepping with the right foot, you must take care that your right hand be behind the lock, your thumb on the Cock, and the same time keeping your firelock, body and feet in that same posture, as was shown by number 3. 42. Club your firelock. The firelock is to be keeped by the left hand, thrust it with your right hand from you, with the upbringing of your right foot, so that the Buttend turn strait up, the lock outwards, and at the same time catch hold of it within a foot of the muzzle, with your Thumb upwards, and that of the left downward, tell 1, 2, take the left hand away, and take hold with the full left hand within a● inch of the muzzle, hold with out stretched Arms a little inclining to the Left shoulder, tell 1, 2, Lay it on your shoulder (the cock upwards) tell 1, 2, quite your right Hand smartly, bringing it down by your right side. 43. Rest your firelock. The firelock is with the left hand to be turned a little inwards, catching hold of it at the same time with the right above the left hand, the thumb upward, the elbows alike high, tell 1, 2, bring it strait before your face with both your hands, tell 1, 2, take your left hand away, your Right hand sink downwards, & at the same time with your left hand turned, so as your Thumb come downwards, catch hold of the Stock a foot from the lock, smartly turning it, so as that your right hand come behind the Cock, your Thumb on it, and the back-steping with your right foot, be all at one time, still observing the same posture, as before hath been shown by a rested fire lock. 44. shoulder your firelock. The Thumb is to be let go from the Cock, & with your full Hand, you are to catch hold of the Firelock, behind the Cock, and with the upbringing of your Right Foot, the Firelock lock is to be brought smartly before your Face, with your Right Hand, the Arm stretched out, and so forth, as was shown by Number 37. Take Notice to make ready for firing at three Words of Command. 45. 1. Make Ready. This is done as by the Mannual, from Number 1. to Number 3. Inclusive. 2. present. This is done as was shown by the number 4 and 5. 3. Give fire. This as by number 6. and 7. Take Notice to make ready your Bagonets at two Words of Command. 46 1. Make Ready. This is done as will be found from Number 8. to 11. both Inclusive 2. Present to the Front. This is done, as is set down by number 12. in the Mannual. Take Notice to Charge your Firelock again. 47. Make ready your Firelock. This is done, as is at large expressed from number 13 to 37. both Inclusive. When they are to March to their Horses, the Words of Command are as followeth. 1. Poise your Fire lock. This is done, as is expressed by the number 1. and 2. 2. Rest your Fire lock. This to be done, as is expressed by the number 3. in the Mannual of the Foot. 3. Handle your Springs. Keeping your Firelock in that same posture as rested, take away your Right Hand, and with it catch hold of your Carabine belt by the Spring, tell 1, 2, bring your hand within a Hands breadeth of the Ring, in which the Spring goes, so holding it till the following Word of Command Note, At the upbringing of your hand, the spring is to be made ready for the ring. 4 Spring your fire lock. At the word of Command the spring is to be put through the ring, tell 1, 2, then with your right hand you are to catch hold of the small end of the butt smartly, so holding it till the following word of Command. 5 put back your fire lock. This is to be done by stretching out your Butt with your right hand, so that the Muzzel stand strait up, tell 1, 2, then with your Right hand you are to Catch hold of the stock, above the left, so that your Thumb stand downward, tell 1, 2, bring the Butt behind the knee, as low as your Arm will reach without constraint, tell 1, 2, quite your firelock, let your hand hang strait by your body, so that the palm hang inwards. 6 March to your Horses. This is to be done to the right or left, according as the ground will allow, faceing always on your left heel, and parting with your left foot, punctually observing your right hand man, and leader; in marching, care is to be taken that each man halt at the the head of his Horse. 7. Vnlink your Horses. At this word of Command, you are to fall to your horses, if you have marched by the Right you are to face on the right heel to the right, and if by the left, you are to face to the left, tell 1, 2, than you are to catch hold of your Links and unlink: Holding your hands at your linking posture, till the following word of Command. This is left to the Discretion of the Officer Commanding. Make Ready your Horse bridles; Your left foot in the Stirrup. Mount your Horses. 8. Fix your Butts in your Buckets. At this word of Command, your firelock hanging with its Butt end down, by the o●● side of the right Leg, you are to Catch hold of it with the Right hand by the stock, ha●● a foot above the Keeper, tell 1, 2, bring the Butt end tending that way as high as the Bucket, tell 1, 2, than thrust the Butt in the Bucket, keeping your bodies as strait as possible, tell 1, 2, take your right hand away, bringing it to the right thigh, so that the back of the finger Lean as high as the haunch. 9 Handle your Sword. From the former posture of the Right hand you are to tell 1, 2, than you are to catch hold of the handle of your Sword with your Right hand, so holding it. Note, Care is to be taken that the Sword be loosed, and ready waiting for the following word of Command. 10. Draw your Swords. At this word of Command, Care is to he taken that the Sword be pulled out at one pull, so that the point stand strait upward, the Blade's broadside outwards, the hand as high as the Gravatt, so holding it till the following word of Command. 11. Put up your Swords. This is done by turning of the point of the Sword over the left Arm, into the mouth of the seal bard, so that the sword be freely entered; tell 1, 2, Thrust it in to the bilt at one thrust, so holding it till another Order be given, of putting up of the sword; tell 1, 2, Let your Right hand go bringing it to the pommel of your Saddle, waiting the following word of Command. 12. Lose your Butts from your Buckets. This is to be done, as by the first Word of Command on Horseback, which is, Handle your Arms. Then followeth, either Advance your Arms, as before hath been expressed by the number 2, by the Mannual on Horse back, or Dismount, as it is formerly expressed by the number 14 in the foresaid Mannual, as the Officer Commanding shall think fit. ORDERS for the COMMANDING OFFICER, of REGIMENTS, TROOPS, or COMPANIES. EVery Officer is to Answer for the good behaviour of the Soldiers in his Regiment, Troop, or Company. If any Soldier commits a fault, that any Article of War can reach, the Officer Commanding the Troop or Company, is not to punish it himself, nor smooth it over, as many time is done. Reasons why there are so great Disorders, and so little Discipline amongst the Regiments. But he is to Advertise his Colonel, at Commander in Chief of it; If any Officer be found to neglect this hereafter, he is to be pursued and punished by a Counsel of Wart, as if he had committed the Crime himself. Magazines are to be erected, to which Officers must give all the Assistance they can, and make it as easy to the Commissaries as possible may be; And take particular care that no Disorders be committed thereabout. The Regiments being once complete in all their Arms and Mounting; the Captains must answer to keep it so; Which if neglected, the Major is hereby Ordered and Impowered to supply the Wants, and stoop it out of the Captains pay: For which end he is every two Months, to go with the Muster-Master, and revieu every particular. If any Soldier goes off the Troops or Companies, that hath particularly paid for his Arms, he is to be repaid again, and the Arms always to remain nompleat in 〈◊〉 Troops or Companies. No Officer or Soldier on a March, is to leave his Regiment, Troop, or Company, without particular leave upon his highest peril, which should not without great Reason be granted. Officers are to take more Notice of Soldiers Qu●●●●●ling, as heretofore they have done, being the Article 〈◊〉 War, do reasonably mention the punishment due to 〈◊〉. FINIS. Rules of War FOR THE INFANTRY, Ordered to be Observed by Their MAJESTY'S Subjects Encountering with the Enemy upon the Day of BATTLE. WRITTEN By Lieutenant General MACKAY, And Recommended to All, (as well Officers as Soldiers,) of the Scots and English Army. In XXIII. ARTICLES. Published by his Excellency's Secretary. Licenced, EDM BOHUN. EDINBURGH, Re Printed by John Reid, to be sold at his house in Bells-Wynd. 1693. MACKAYS RULES To be Observed by the Body of INFANTRY Of Their MAJESTY'S Subjects Encountering with the Enemy in the day of BATTLE. In Twenty three ARTICLES. First. THE Battalion, ordinarily marching and forming six deep, being come upon the Field of Battle, shall put three Files of Pikes to cover the Flanks upon each Wing, and then by the Rear, half Files double their Front to the Left, that the Corporals may fall to be the Right hand Man of their respective Companies. II. To the End this motion may be made speedily, without the encroaching upon the just Intervals which are ordinarily left betwixt the Battalions of the same Line, the Commanders and Majors shall have a care, when the Army is forming upon the field of Battle, to make their Men, in marching to their ground, open their Files to the due distance for doubling their Ranks, 〈◊〉 out further motion; whereto they ou●●● to be often accustomed-in Exercise & oth●● ways, that they may be the more capa●●● to perform it, when there is occasion for●● III. If the Colonel be present, the Lie●● tenant Colonel's post is in the Rear of th● Battalion in the centre of the Pikes, w●●● two Ensigns and two Sergeants; with Order given, in the hearing of all the Regiment To Kill without Mercy, any that sh●● offer to break their Ranks, by falling 〈◊〉 from the Battalion. But if there be no 〈◊〉 lonel by the Regiment, the Rear is the 〈◊〉 of the Eldest Captain, assisted by the for●●● number of Officers; who, beside the k●●●ing it up in advancing upon the Enemy, 〈◊〉 charged with care to lead it off in the 〈◊〉 Order they can, in case of a Retreat. iv The Officers of the Battalion 〈◊〉 be posted as near as may be, upon the 〈◊〉 of their own Men, supposing them to ha●● the most influence upon, and more knowledge of them, than others; so that, in 〈◊〉 of Disorder, they may call by name, 〈◊〉 as they suppose to be the Men of most 〈◊〉 pour and Resolution. V To avoid confusion and noise, t●● general motions of a Battalion, in time Battel, As, Advancing, Halting, and Returning, aught to be intimated by beat of Drum; and all Officers and Soldiers, upon Exercise and upon Action, aught to be carefully Advertised to be Silent, Attentive, and Read to Obey, what is commanded, either by Drum or Verbal Expression. VI If the Regiment be complete, every company may make a Plotton, which makes six Plottons upon each Wing; but if considerably weakened, a Wing may be divided into four Plottons, which ought to be the least number, to give time to charge again, and be ready by that time the Fire is round, that the Battalion, if there be occasion, may entertain a continual Fire. VII. The Officers commanding Plottons, shall place themselves each in the centre of his Plotton; that when the Battalion advances they may march in a Rank two Paces before the Front of their Men. But when the signal or Command to Halt, and make ready, is given, they shall enter the first Rank of the Plottons; so that the Muzzles of the last rank may be advanced beyond their Bodies. VIII. To prevent disorders, its fit the whole Battalion, in advancing towards the Enemy, halt when some Plottons are ordered to fire, rather than to command the Plattons out of the Battalion; which is the most usual visible reason of the Defeat of the Troops; And therefore above all things ought to be avoided with all possible car● marching to an Enemy, who understand his Trade, and will not fail to lay hold on the confusions which those, who come against him, do offer. IX. When the Battalion is ordered to Halt, that some Plattons may fire according as (to the judgement of the Commander) they stand best for Execution; The first Rank of the Plotton, which are to fire, kneek and the other two Ranks, which are supposed best (in the disposition made for fight) to be at two paces distance, closes as (at the Wood the first Rank knelt without particular command to them for so doing) to the thrusting of their left feet amongst those of their Leaders, that the muzzles of the last Rank may be advanced beyond their Officers, and standing upright shall wait the command for firing, the●● being no necessity for the second Rank stooping, which is an uneasy posture, and, by the conclusion of some Soldier's judgement, may endanger the kneeling Rank. X. As soon as the Plotton shall have fire the second and third Rank opens without further command to them for so doing, to their paces distance, that they might have room to charge their Pikes immediately without expecting order for it, whether moving to the Enemy, Halting or Retiring, of which particulars a continual habit must be given to the Soldiers: So that there be no necessity of a particular word of Command; the first rank knelt, the other two closes up, levelling well their Pieces, and taking Aim, by bringing up the buttend of them nearer their Shoulders than of late times is usual in Exercise, of not presenting their Pieces though kneeling, and closed up, without a command of their Officers, no more than of firing, though already presented, without his Orders, because that if the battalion be attacked by horse, and the Commander, to avoid confusion, choosing rather to keep his fire whole, till they be very close, and then to fire by Plottons, upon a mint of the enemy's squadron, as break in upon his Battalion think fit to cause it present without design of firing at that distance, sometimes makes the first rank of the squadron not only to stoop short, but fall in confusion upon those that follow, but to bring the Soldiers to a custom of this last particular, they must in Exercise be often accustomed, & commanded to present & recover again their Arms without firing, telling them at the same time the reason for i●, particularly at the same time of Action, and against Horse. The Commander judging it safest to manage his first fire, lest their quick motion might prevent the second. XI. If the commanding Officer of a plotton, be not altogether persuaded of his soldier's Patience, and exact Obedience, as to the order of firing to prevent a confused fire, he shall march softly, according to the motions of the line, with shouldered Musquers, permitting none to make ready, but such plottons as he intends immediately shall fire. XII. When a whole Line of Foot matches in order of Battle to the Enemy, the Commanders of the respective Battalions shall have a special care to regulate their pace according to the motions of the Line; it being apparent, that when both Armies are very near, the Battalion that advances beyond the Front of his line, will readily be flanked, and by its defeat give the Enemy opportunity to flank the Battalion to the right and left at the same time they are attacked in the Front, which may prove a dangerous Consequence, this precaution is necessary at all times, but most of all in close and covered grounds when the Troops are hindered (and separated) the sight of each other, in which case they ought to have some Officer, or good Sergeants, on both the Flanks, to bring the Commander continual notice of the Motion of the Troops to his right and left, that he may be found neither too backward, nor too forward, at the approach of the Enemy. XIII. All Officers, particulary commanders and Majors, marching in the Line of Battle to the Enemy, aught to know the order in which the Troops are Embattelled, at least of their own Brigade, and of that which they were to sustain, or is appointed to sustain them according as they are Posted in the first or second line, and know by special remarks to discern their own Troops from those of the Enemy's. To the End that in the confusions, to which those genetal Actions are subject, that they may not take the one before the other, which is also most of all to be apprehended and prevented in close and covered ground where the troops are separated; and it often falls out, that Men are deceived on this Account. XIV. In case a Battalion might be ordered, or otherwise obliged to retire without being put in confusion, or Beat, after warning given not to be affrighted, and telling them the reason of such a motion, whether to make place for Troops of the Second Line coming to relieve it; or being disadvantageously posted, or press with number of Enemies, to post itself behind in better ground, or that a whole Brigade, or Line, whose motion the Battalion were obliged to observe, were Retiring, the Commander and Officer commanding plottons, shall have a care it ●he done in such an order, that the Enemy broke not in upon them in their Retreat, being always ready at the command, or signal giust Halt, Face about and fire upon the Enemy; observing, that in this motion continues in way slowly except the Brigade or Line should happen to halt, only the plottons which are ordered to fire, shall halt, face about, and having made their fire, shall gain their Intervals, which they shall have lost in the Battalions charging their Pieces as they march, and so of the rest of the Plottons, as the Commanders shall see occasion. XV. The Colonels, or the Commander of the Regiments Post being the Head of the Pikes, beside a Captain to assist him, he ought to have two resolute Sergeants, Men of service, by him to carry his Orders to the right and left, either for firing such Plottons as he shall judge of best service, according as they stand to the Enemy, whether advancing or retiring, or any Orders or Advertisements, which for present service, he might have to impart to his Officers. XVI. The Front of a Battalion on such occasions, being an ill Post for Men on horse back, as Majors and Aid-Majors, whose post is the Flanks, to observe how the Battalion marches, and upon occasion of Disorder or Confusion, to keep up and rally such as break off, or are sent with the Advertisement of the state of Affairs, or for new Orders relating thereto, to the Brigadier or next general Person. XVII. That such Regiments as are provided of good Bayonets, fixed without the muzzles of their Pieces, may in approaching to the due distance of firing, cause the first rank of the whole Battalion, to fix their Bayonets, and continuing their march till they be close upon the Enemy, make the first rank kneel with the points of their Bay●he● upon the Ground, and the other two Rank closed up, fire over their heads upon the Enemy, who supposing readily all the fire spe●● if he happen to stand it, will come up the bolder upon your Battalion, who receiving him with the first Rank, second with the pu●● of pike and Bayonet, will readily break him whether horse or Foot. XVIII. If by a Resolute Continuant and close fire, the Battalion happen to brea● the opposite Enemy, the Officers must have a special care their men do not break af●● them, but content themselves to make th●● Granadeers fire amongst them to augm●● their Terror and Confusion, that they may receive in good order, such of the Enemy as shall come up to sustain those which you ought to have Routed, This Article● the more carefully to be observed, that in the advancing of the Line you are subject to be flanked by the Enemy's Horse, posted betwixt the Lines for that purpose. XIX. The Granadeer shall be well posted into two plottons upon the Right and 〈◊〉 Wing without the pikes which cover the Flanks of the Battalion, and two fire locks of each Compay; a Rank before the pikes, to be employed as the Colonel, or commanding Officer shall see occasion at the near approach of the Enemy, Beside which it may be judged useful, that the commanding Officer of each plotton keep off his best Fire-Men for a second, who shall not fire with this plotton. XX. To make these Granadeer upon the Wings, and the Firelocks before the Pikes be the more effectual against the Enemy. I am of the Opinion (since it's always found, that unexpected Stratagems of Wars do surprise, and contribute much to the defeat of those that are surprised therewith) that the Plottons of the Granadeer upon the Wings ought rather to march behind, than to cover the Flanks till you be close upon the Enemy that he cannot have time to make the like Disposition against you, which if he did see them so posted at a Distance, for the same Reason I would have the firelocks rather posted betwixt the first and second rank of the Pikes, then before the first, till you be very near. XXI. The Battalions which may happen to be put in disorder by the Enemy, shall retire to the intervals of the second line: the Officer labouring to keep off the Enemy, by forming in the Rear some plottons of the resolutest men to fire upon till relief came up, and then with all possible diligence, see to get their Ten in order and ready to second their seconds. XXII. When the Army is embattelled, and the Troops ready to march towards the Enemy, all Commanders, Majors, & Officers commanding Plottons, aught to affect a cheerful Countenance, speaking friendly to, and encouraging the Soldiers in the most touching Expressions, and by the most persuading Arguments, as Religion, Liberty, and Personal Honour and Safety, humbly depending upon their good Behaviour, the Justice of the Cause, the Obligation of our Conscience to serve our Master faithfully, the Reputation of our Country, alleging the good Examples of our Predeceslours, and the like, which out of the Mouths of Officers, showing good Examples of their own Persons particularly, it Just to, and Beloved of their Soldiers, will be good effect to Animate them to the Work. LASTLY, When all Dispositions are made, and the Army waiting for the signal to move towards the Enemy, both Officers and Soldiers, ought seriously to recommend (together with their Souls and bodies) the care and protection of the cause for which they so freely expose their Lives, to GOD, Who over-ruleth the Deliberations and Councils, Designs and Enterprises of his Creatures, and of whose blessing alone the success of all Undertake doth depend, which they may do in these or the like words. A PRAYER. O Almighty KING of Kings, and LORD of Hosts, which by thy Angels thereunto appointed, dost Minister both War and Peace; Thou rulest and commandest all things, and sittest in the Throne judging right; And therefore we make our addresses to Thy Divine MAJESTY in this our necessity, that Thou wouldst take us and our Cause into Thine Own Hand, and judge between us and Our Enemies, stir up Thy Strength, O LORD, and come and help us, for Thou givest not always the Battle to the Strong, but canst save by Many or by Few. O let not our sins now cry against us for Vengeance, but hear us, Thy poor servants, begging mercy, and imploring Thy help, and that Thou wouldst be a Defenes for us against the Enemy. Make it appear, that Thou art our Saviour, and Mighty Deliverer, Through JESUS CHRIST Our LORD. Amen.