THE Lord Bishop of Londonderry's CASE:  
With some Reasons humbly offered to the Consideration of the Lords in England, to induce their Lordships not to take cognizance of an Appeal lately brought before them by the Society and Assistants of London for Ulster in Ireland, against an Order of the House of Lords in Ireland, made the last Sessions of Parliament there.  
THOUGH the Title upon the Merits is not now to be debated before the Lords, yet it is necessary to show the Fact on which this Appeal has been brought, for on that arises the Question about the Jurisdiction.  
The Predecessors of the Bishop in right of the Church were seized of the Lands in Question ever since any Settlement of the Church in Ireland, and so long since as the 11th of June, 1638. Dr. Bramhall, the then Bishop, by Virtue of Acts of Parliament of Ireland, 10th and 11th Car. 1. granted them in Lease to the Corporation of Londonderry, at 50 l. yearly Rent for sixty Years, from the 14th of July, 1634. which Lease ended the 14th of July, 1694. and saving the Twelve years' Troubles of Cromwell's Time, the Rent, and even the last Quarter's Rent was constantly and duly paid by them; and they by their Council, Mr. Cairnes, and others, applied for a new Lease; but the Bishop not agreeing to such undervalue and unreasonable Terms as they proposed, there was thereupon an Attempt to disseise the Bishop of his Freehold, by means of the said Mr. Cairnes, also Agent for the said Society, and of one Harvey, Chamberlain of the said Corporation, and of the Under-tenants, who lived on the Premises; and they pretended to set up a Title in the Society, and agreed to take a Lease from them at 90 l. 10 s. per Annum; and partly by force in some places, and by practices with the Under-Tenants, who pretended to attorn in other places, they endeavoured to get the Possession.  
The Bishop, to save the Church from being stripped of its Patrimony by such Contrivances and Frauds as were in this Case, where all the Confederates by several sorts of Rewards for their Practices had made themselves Parties, and interested therein, and there being no Remedy to regain the Possession upon the Statutes of forcible Entry, by reason it was within the Liberties of Londonderry, where no Justices of the Peace have any Power but themselves, who were interested or concerned therein: According to the common Usage in that Kingdom, brought a Bill in Chancery, there to be by Injunction quieted in his Possession, and had the Common Affidavit of his Possession; and the Cause coming to be heard on the 11th of June, 1697. both the Chief Justices being called by the Lord Chancellor for his Assistants, declared, That the Bishop ought to be restored and quieted in his Possession. But the Lord Chancellor declared, That though the Society had no right to the Possession, yet he could not grant any Injunction to quiet the Bishop's Possession, till it were tried by a Jury, whether the Bishop, or his Predecessors, were ever in actual Possession, so as to have a Right to the Possession at the Expiration of the Lease▪ conceiving the Justice of the Case to be, that if the Bishop were ever in actual Possession, he ought to be adjudged so at the Expiration of the Lease; yet he would not order an Injunction.  
And on a second hearing of the 30th of June, his Lordship was pleased to decree, That if the Lord Bishop of Londonderry, or any of his Predecessors, ever were in the actual Possession, or in such Possession by the Receipt of the Rents during the Lease, that doth by Construction of Law give the Lord Bishop a Right to the actual Possession upon the Expiration of the Lease, that then he ought to be quieted in his Possession by Injunction of this Court; but if the Lord Bishop, or any of his Predecessors never were in any such Possession, than this Court cannot grant an Injunction, therefore a Trial at Law shall be directed upon an Issue proper. From which Decree the Bishop appealed to the Lords there, who taking the Possession of the Bishop's Tenants to be the Possession of the Bishop, as the Chief Justices had done, and the Lords having a just Indignation against the undue Practices and Treacheries which they saw proved in this Case, they did thereupon alter that Decree, and ordered the Bishop's Possession to be quieted, which is no more than has been constantly till now in such Cases done there by the Court of Chancery, and can be no wrong to the Society; for if they have any Right, they may bring their Action, and try it at Law as soon as they please. But instead of that, they have brought this Appeal against the Order of the Lords in Ireland; and thereupon your Lordships seeing it primae impressionis; and that such an Appeal had never been before attempted from the Lords in Ireland, were pleased not to read the Petition of Appeal, but to direct Precedents to be sent from thence, touching the Method of Appealing from the Chancery there. And on these Precedents, and what others are to be offered here, and the reasons of this Case; It is humby hoped that your Lordships will not take cognizance of this new sort of Appeal.  

Co. 1. Inst. 81. Dyer, 376.  I. It must in the first place be allowed, that no Court whatsoever hath any Right of Jurisdiction, but either by Usage and Prescription, or by Grant; and neither of these can be pretended in this Case; for from the beginning to this time, there never before was any Appeal brought from the Lords of Ireland to the Lords of England; and it must be granted to be a strong Argument, That as my Lord Cook says, what never has been done, ought not to be done, nor can be done.  
II. In the next place 'tis to be considered, That the Lords in Ireland have for many Ages exercised such Jurisdiction there, as the Lords in England have done here, and Claim such Rights from the Constitution of that Kingdom, by the Concessions and Grants of the Kings of England, and from Usage and Prescription; and that it has been allowed them in England; and never till now any Appeal was brought against any one of their Judgements, Decrees, or Orders whatsoever.  
To show what Authority England hath allowed to the Parliament of Ireland, see the Records following.  

Ex Rot. Pat. de Anno 30 Reg. Regis Henrici 3. M. 1.  Quia pro communi utilitate Terrae Hiberniae & unitate Terrarum Regis Rex vult & de communi Concilio Regis provisum est quod omnes leges & Consuetudinis quae in Regno Angliae tenentur, in Hibernia teneantur & eadem terrae eisdem legibus subjaceat, & per easdem regatur, sicut Dominus Johannes Rex cum ultimo esset in Hibernia statuit & fieri mandavit. Quia etiam quod Rex vult quod omnia brevia de Communi jure quae currunt in Angli● similiter currant in Hibernia sub novo sigillo Regis. Mandatum est Archiepiscopis, etc. Quod propace & tranquilitate ejusdem terrae per easdem leges eos Regi & deduci permittant & eos in omnibus sequantur. In cujus, etc. Teste Rege apud Wudstock 19 die Septembris.  

Pryn's Anim. 286. 29. Ed. 3.  King Edward the IIId. in the 29th Year of his Reign, by Advice of his Council made an Ordinance, Reciting, That whereas many of the Kingdom of Ireland, by reason of their great labour, charge, and expense in coming for England to be redressed, and to seek for Justice, have been reduced to great misery and want, and wholly ruined; which the said King and Council taking into Consideration, for the quiet and good Government of the people of Ireland Ordained; that in all Cases whatsoever, Errors in Judgement, in Records and Process, in the Courts of Ireland, shall be corrected and amended in Parliament in Ireland.  

Co. 4 Inst. 12. Selden 's Titles of Honour, part 2. cap. 5. sect. 26.  The Modus tenendi Parliamentum Was Exemplified and sent over by H. the IId. the same in words with that in England, and in the end of it it is said that things in Ireland may be examined and corrected in pleno Parliamento & non alibi; and my Lord Cook mentions the words of the old Record, Terra Hiberniae intra se habet Parliamentum & omnes & omnimodas curias prout in Anglia, & idem Parliamentum, facit leges, & mutat leges & illi de eadem terra non obligantur per Statut in Anglia quia hii non habent milites Parliamenti; and my Lord Cook mentions another old Roll of Parliament, 
Rot. Pat. 10. Ed. 2. Co. 4. Inst. 350.  De Parliamentis tenendis singulis Annis in Hibernia, which was likewise the old Law of England; but till the Dissolution of the Parliament there in 1665. this Law by frefrequent Parliaments were more duly observed there, than in England.  

St Hib. 10. H. 7. cap. 22.  And there they have from time to time made their own Laws; and in the Tenth H. 7th by one Act made all the Statutes of England of force there, which includes as well the Statutes relating to the Rights of Parliament, as other Statutes: And since that time they have by particular Acts there Re-enacted such subsequent Acts of England as they thought good for them.  
And if the Lords should take Cognizance of such Appeals, the same inconveniences and vexations would attend the poor People there, which induced the Parliament to take away the High Commission Court here, for that it brought People from the remote parts of the Kingdom before them, whereas they might with less trouble and expense have had Justice in their Courts at home. It likewise agrees with the Reasons of the Two Ancient Statute of England mentioned by my Lord Cook in the Third of R. Second, 
Co. 4. Inst. 356. Rot. Pat. 3 R 2. nu. 42.  That Persons having Estates in Ireland should reside there, else half of their Estates to go to maintain the Forts against the Irish: And it was the great mischief of Ancient times in England, that People were carried out of the Kingdom by Appeal to Rome, and poor People not able to follow them, thereby utterly undone; and should the Lords of England at this day inquire into, 
Mischiefs and Inconveniences if your Lordships hear this Appeal.  and unsettle things done by the Lords there, besides the endless trouble to their Lordships, the vexations and expense to the People, it would be of infinite mischief and disturbance to most of the Titles and Families who are now there in peace, and acquiesce on what has been done there; and if your Lordships take Cognizane of this, you may by the same reason take Cognizance of all other Things, Orders, and Proceed whatsoever there.  
The Exercise of the Jurisdiction of the Parliament in Ireland, both of Ancient and later times appeareth to be as in England, by their taking Cognizance of Impeachments, Writs of Error, and Appeals: Some instances whereof are hereunto annexed, though many of the Records and Journals of the Parliament of that Kingdom, have been by the many Troubles and Rebellions there, burnt and destroyed; yet it doth appear, That the Lords there have from time to time exerted their Jurisdiction as aforesaid, and all their Orders and Judgements have till now stood firm; and that they have as near as they could from time to time in their Rules and Methods of Justice and Proceed, followed the Precedents that Your Lordships, and Your Noble Ancestors made here.  
Obj. 1 It is Objected, That a Writ of Error lies to the King's-Bench in England, from the King's-Bench in Ireland. And it is so; but then that has had a constant allowed usage to warrant it; and it does not follow, because a Writ of Error lies to the Kings-Bench here, that therefore Appeals would lie from the Chancery there, to the Chancery here, which might be as reasonable to be done, but never was attempted.  
It is likewise Objected, That there lies an Appeal from the Chancery there, to the Lords here; and it is true that some, but very few, such Appeals have been brought, and these few only very lately, and occasioned by the want of the Parliament Sitting in Ireland, and passed sub Silentio without any opposition in that respect.  
Another Objection is made from Poining's Law in the Tenth of H. Seventh; 
St. 10. H. ●. cap. 4.  but that is nothing at all to this purpose, for it concerns only the appointing a new Method and Form of passing of Acts of Parliament there, that they must be transmitted and approved at the Council-Board in England, but that altars nothing of their judicial power or capacity so long established and enjoyed by them.  
Another Objection is made, That Ireland would be independent of England; and which is very undeserved if any body consider how unanimous and zealous the Protestants of Ireland have very lately, and on all occasions appeared for the English Interest there, to the loss of their Lives and all they had, and how little able they are to support themselves, without the Assistance and Protection of England: And the weakness of the Objections appears yet the more; for the same Argument may be made against their having any Parliament to sit in Ireland; for if they be allowed to have right to a Parliament, they must also be allowed the right of Parliaments, which they have hitherto exercised and enjoyed.  
For which Reasons 'tis humbly hoped Your Lordships will not take any further Cognizance of the said Appeal.  


James Sloane.  
Fra. Annesley.     

An Abstract of some of the Precedents in Ireland, which were certified from thence by the Lords Justices, and Council there, to Your Lordships.  

8 H 6. M. 70. Prynn's Animad. 313, 314.  THE Prior of Lanthony removed by Writ of Error a Judgement in the Kings-Bench in Ireland, to the Parliament of Ireland, which was affirmed there: Afterwards the Prior removed the Record into the Kings-Bench in England; but the Chief Justice and the rest of the Judges being of Opinion that they could not reverse a Judgement given in the Parliament of Ireland, or take conusance of any matters in their Parliament there, the Prior petitioned the Parliament of England, setting forth the said Proceed, and prayed Redress; but the Parliament here did not think it conusable before them, and therefore no Answer was ever given thereto, or any Proceed thereon.  

Nota,  The Judges of the Kings-Bench in England were then of Opinion, That the Parliament of Ireland had a good Judicature.  

Rot. Hib. 26. H. 6. cap 34.  In a Case between Chambers and the Barons of the Exchequer, the Parliament there reversed a Judgement given in the Exchequer.  

Rot. Parl. Hib. 27. H. 6. cap 16.  In a Case between the Baron of Galtrim and the Earl of Shrewsbury, on a Petition to Parliament, it was ordered that a Stop should be put to the taking out of Executions on a Scire facias issued on a Recognizance in Chancery.  

Rot Parl. Hib. 27. H 6. cap. 25.  Parliament ordered on Petition, That the Petitioner be quieted in the Possession of the Treasurership of Limerick, pursuant to a Decree of Chancery; he having been dispossessed by virtue of the King's Letters and Privy Seal out of England.  

Nota,  This Record shows that the Parliament intermeddled in matters which concerned the Chancery, and also the King, in which he acquiesced.  

Rot Parl. Hib. 7. Ed 4 c 47.  Anne, the Wife of Sir William Welles, Knight, and Richard his Son, Executors of the said Sir William, and Matthew Philip's; Judgement given by the Lords in this Cause.  

25 July, 1634.  It was in Parliament declared, That an Adjournment of the House of Lords was necessary, it being a Court of Law, the highest in the Kingdom, that sends Writs of Error to the Kings-Bench.  

20 Nou. 1634.  The Lords of Ireland order that the Officers of their House should receive their Fees in Irish Money; but in Cases of Bills, or Suits commenced in the House between Party and Party, the Clerk shall receive the same in English Money, as in England.  

27 Feb. 16●0.  An Impeachment brought up from the Commons to the Lords, by Audley Mervin against Sir Richard Bolton, Lord Chancellor, and others.  

24 May, 1641.  Declaration and Protestation of the Lords and Commons of Ireland, That the Court of Parliament in Ireland is the Supreme Court of Judicature, to hear and determine all Civil and Criminal Causes whatsoever, as in England.  

20 May, 1661.  Petition of Nicholas Darcy to the Lords in Ireland, That the Lord Chief Justice should Seal a Writ of Error, and give Copies of Records to the Petitioner and heard Council.  

15 June, 1661.  By the House of Lords of Ireland, Ordered, That the Church be immediately restored to all their Possessions.  

5 July, 1661.  Ordered, That the Lord Chancellor do Seal a Writ of Error in the Case of the Lord Clancarty's Outlawry, returnable in this House.  

27 July, 1661.  Lord Viscount Ranelagh's Petition and Appeal from the High Court of Chancery to be relieved against a Decree made there, Anno 1658, at the Suit of Dame Catherine Bingham, and John Paulet, Gent. Upon hearing of the said Cause the said Decree was Reversed.  

2 June, 1662.  Ordered by the Lord's House, that the Bishop of Derry be put in Possession of Termonderry near London-Derry, the said Bishop having been in Possession thereof in 1641.  
Nota, This was part of the Land which is now in Dispute.  

24 June, 1662.  The Cause between Theophilus Lea, and William Leslie, concerning matter of Title, not coming hither by way of Appeal from any other Court, Ordered, That the Cause be therefore dismissed from the House to the Common Law.  

20 Dec. 1662.  Kean o Hora & Uxor, against Robert Parkes, Esq Defendant, Parks obtained a Judgement in the King's-Bench against the Plaintiff, which Judgement was removed by Writ of Error into the House of Lords, upon which a Scire Facias issued to the said Parks, and the return thereupon made, and a day appointed for Arguing the Errors.  

9 Feb. 1662.  Ordered by the Lords, That some of the Judges prepare a Draught for the House, that no cause or matter in difference between Party and Party, which may be determined in any of his Majesty's ordinary Courts of Justice or Equity, shall be admitted to receive Hearing before the House, except in case of Appeal; Writ of Error, or Matter of Privilege.  

19 Mar. 1662.  Petition and Appeal of Lord Viscount Ely of Loftus, against a Judgement obtained against his Father Lord Chancellor Loftus at Council-Board, before the then Lord Lieutenant and others, and several other Proceed in the Courts of Law there had upon the said Judgement, and several Orders of the House thereupon.  

29 Octo. 1695.  Appeal of the Earl of Meath, and Cecilia, Countess of Meath, his Lady, against the Lord Ward, from a Decree made in the Chancery of the County-Palatine of Tipperary, by which certain Lands were Decreed to the Lord Ward, the Decree Reversed, and the Possession of the said Lands restored to the said Earl.  

29 Octo. 1695.  Appeal of Samuel Maynard against an Order conceived in the Chancery Court of the County Palatine of Tipperary, directing an issue at Law, on hearing, the said Appeal was dismissed.