Navigation Improved: Or, the ART of Rowing SHIPS Of all Rates, in CALMS, With a more easy, swift, and steady Motion, than OARS can.  
ALSO, A Description of the ENGINE that performs it; And the Author's ANSWER to all Mr. Dummer's OBJECTIONS that have been made against it.  
Magna est Veritas & Praevalebit.  
By Tho. Savery, Gent.  
LONDON, Printed and Sold by James Moxon, at the Atlas in Warwick-Lane, 1698.   

THE DEDICATION To all the Masters of the Art OF NAVIGATION  
Gentlemen,  
THE chief Strength and Security of the Nation as well as the Wealth and Riches of it, depending under God, and our good King, on your Integrity, Courage and Conduct; I have no reason to suspect Men of your Honesty and Bravery, will suffer your Judgements to be biased or prejudiced against me, in favour of my Adversaries, who I think, without much ground, opposed the making my ENGINE useful to the NAVY of ENGLAND, as I designed it; for no other reason that I know of, than that it is not their own Contrivance: And therefore, as an English Man, and a Lover of my Country, I humbly submit the Justice of my Cause, and what I here say in my Defence, to your Judgement and Candour; and am  
Your humble Servant, T. S.   

TO THE READER.  
KInd Reader, if you give yourself the trouble to look into this small Treatise, pray read it through, and you will find my Reputation being concerned, (a thing upon which my Welfare doth depend;) I am necessitated to write it. For after I had troubled my Thoughts and racked my Brains, to find out that which a great many have spent several years in vain in the pursuit of, when I had brought it to a Draught on Paper, and found it approved by those commonly reputed Ingenious, and receiving Applause, with promises of great Reward from Court, if the thing would answer the end for which I proposed it: after I had with great Charge and several Experiments, brought it to do beyond what I ever promised or expected myself, at last one Man's Humour, and no more than a Humour, totally obstructed the use of my ENGINE, to the great Disservice of both King and Country, and my no small loss. But it's the nature of some Men to decry all Inventions, how serviceable soever to the Public, that are not the Product of their own Brains. I hope therefore you will think me excusable, if I endeavour to satisfy the World, that I do understand something of the Business I pretend to; and if by the means of it Mankind receives any Advantage, I shall think myself very happy, for the promoting the common good of every body, hath always been my chief Delight; and certainly, nothing contributes more to it than the Improvements made by the Mechanics: for that Noble Machine called a SHIP, is no more than a Mechanic ENGINE; which from the time of its first Invention, has admitted of such Improvements, that its use is now prodigious. 'Tis Ships are our best Defence against our Enemies, and 'tis Ships bring us in the Wealth of our Friends. The Grist-Mill which finds us Bread, is a Mechanic Engine also.  
The Spinning-Wheel, Loomb, and Fulling-Mill, which cloth us: The Paper Mill and Printing Press, which have their Uses too; with some others that I could name, are all the Products of the Mechanics. And indeed, there are few Benefits we enjoy, if reasonably considered, but are the Product of Project, or the Invention of the Industrious, whom the Ancients Adored, and Deified, as the Authors of their Happiness, when they contrived any thing that was for the public good. Thus Ceres was made a Goddess, for teaching the People the way to Plough and make Bread; and Bacchus was made a God, for informing the World how to make Wine. History is full of instances of this kind, and of the various Honours they did their Benefactors; but this alas! at present, is so much neglected and despised in our Country, and so little encouragement given to the Ingenious, that 'tis to be feared, Arts will decay, and be quite lost in time, in England; which will as certainly bring Poverty, as Clouds and dark Wether bring Rain. For all Countries, as they have either lost their Arts, which many have done, or those Countries which have been always ignorant, at this day remain poor and impotent through the whole Universe. 'Tis a great deal of pity that this should be our case; and I believe, for so small a space and tract of Land as our Island contains, no Country in the World abounds with Men of more ingenious Spirits than we do: But I am sorroy to say it of so Heroic a People, That in some things they are very effeminate; there being Jew to be found that will any more speak well or approve of what another has done, tho' never so deserving, than any Female will allow another of her Sex to pass for a Beauty; because 'tis not in the nature of Women to see, or acknowledge good Features in any body's Face but their own. And this on my conscience, is my case; for I can never persuade myself, that any Man, tho' but of common Understanding, can satisfy himself with such weak Objections, as you will find entered against my ENGINE; and more than suspect, there is something of this sordid barbarous temper in it. But after all, Courteous Reader, I shall court you to no Partiality on my side, but leave you at your liberty, to judge of me and my performance, as in justice you shall think fit, or as you would have another judge of you, or any Invention of yours, or if it were your own case; for my part, all that I desire, is, That the World would act Honestly, and upon the Square with me; and that the Gentleman with whom I am concerned, would give me some better Arguments to overthrow the Use of my ENGINE, than hitherto have been produced. 'Tis not my fondness of own Brat, only makes me think so, but the Opinion of several very judicious Persons here in Town, confirm me in my Notion, That the Objections are really no Objections at all; and 'tis the judgement of others more than any conceit of my own, which encouraged me to stand a Public Trial, which nothing else could have given me confidence enough to do.   

Navigation Improud, etc.  
ABOUT March 94. I considering with myself how much it was every Man's Duty to assist his King and Country, to the utmost of his Power, according to his Genius, especially in a time of War. I grew very uneasy, till such time as Providence had directed me in this Matter. After I had employed my Thoughts some time, I concluded that the chief Strength of England lay in the Fleet, and that could we make any Improvement on Shipping, so as to give them Motion, when the Enemy could give theirs none; as in Calms, which generally happen in Fights, and at other times very often in the Summer, if such Discovery could be made before the Enemy, the use of it would be very Extraordinary. Upon which I nicely considered the Nature of Oars, after which I contrived an Engine more useful, and applicable to Ships. Which Engine and Oar, are thus compared to each other.  
The Figure of an Oar for a Ship.  
Now suppose the Oar at A on the side of the Ship B being in a Man's Hand, and C to take hold of the Water: From B to A is but half as long as from A to C; so that when the Oar is moved at B, it moveth twice as far at C at the same time; tho' but with half the Strength: for one Man at C would pull as much as two at B, so that the Oar is nothing more than the Leaver reversed. Which is an Instrument used by all manner of People, for the Removing great Weights, and is a very pretty Instrument for weighing; for with one Pound you may weigh ten, twenty, or hundred, as you may see good, as by the following Draught.  
Which is a thing so commonly used by all sorts of Traders, who buy and sell by Weight, that it needs no farther Explanation, than that A is the Centre of Gravity, and from thence to A B is 20 times as long as from A to C; so that altho' D be 20 times as heavy as B, yet they hang even; for should they incline one way or tother, B must move 20 times the space of D, as in this Figure.  
Where you find that B is removed twenty times the space of the C in the Leaver, and in the Oar B is removed twice as far as C, by which means B goes twice as fast, and takes more hold of the Water than otherwise it would; and were it longer from A to B, it would still have a greater Sweep; and provided you have Force enough at C, 'twould still be more useful. But the reason why Oars for Ships are not made four times as long without Board as within, is that than their Bigness would make them unhandy: And you could not apply Force enough at C to work them, without some Help more than barely men's Hands. This is plainly seen by our Wherryes, whose Oars are four times as long without Board as within; and very few are ignorant of the Swiftness of their Motion: and I hope to prove very plainly, That the ENGINE I have contrived is exactly the Proportion of Wherry's Oars, both in Force, and Swiftness, and more useful than Oars of that Proportion, were they practicable, and could be applied to a Ship. For every body that ever saw Rowing, knows that there is as much time and labour spent in taking their Stroke with an Oar, which is no help to the Vessel's Motion, as in making that Stroke, which is the Occasion of the Motion; whereas the Work of this Engine is one continued Stroke, with the same Purchase or Power in the Water, as Oars have, that are four times the Length without Board's as within; so that of Course the Motion of the Ship (moved by this Engine) must, with the same number of Men, be much swifter than with Oars; and, I hope to prove, near twice as swift, when Under-way: But first it will be convenient to give you a Draught of the Engine.  
Now the Bars in the Capstand moving one foot, the Paddles move four, which is exact in Proportion to the Oars of Wherryes; for as much as the Blade of such an Oar moves four foot for the Oar's moving one: and one pound weight on the Blade shall weigh four on the Loom. So that one pound on the End of the Paddles, will weigh four on the Capstand Bars, and no more: and a Man at D, stepping three foot, maketh L go twelve; as does a Man at the Loom of a Wherry's Oar, moving three foot, makes the Blade go twelve. So that all you have to do, is to make Paddles proportionably large to the number of Men you can bring to work at your Capstand, so as the Men do not tyre themselves by working too fast, or too slow.  
A Scale, of 32 Feet. DESCRIPTIONS 

A. The line the Ship makes.  
B. The Water line.  
C. The Decks.  
D. The Capstand bars.  
E. The Capstand.  
F. a Wheel on the Drum head of the Capstand.  
G. a Trundle head on the Wheel.  
H. an Iron Barr, going through the Trundle head, and through the Sides of the Ship.  
I. a Drum heads, like those on the Capstand  
K. Padles. of which 6 or 8 on each Side the Ship are with ease Fixed, and unfixed, into the said Drum heads.  
L. a pice of Iron, to which a luff Takle may be Fixed, to lift those that are to Heavey for men's Strength, round each of Which by taking half turns with a Cord they make a Complete wheel on each Side the Vessel.     

A short Account of the Use of the Engine, given to Secretary Trenchard.  
THE Engine is so contrived, that being fixed to any Ship, Boat, or Bark, etc. in a Calm, it will occasion the Ship to make fresher way than Oars, and near as fast, as an ordinary Gale, when all the Sails can be used, which will be very useful to the Royal Navy. For, 

First, The Charge is but small.  
Secondly, It does not lie in the Sailer's way in any sort of Business, either in handing their Sails, Guns, or otherwise; but takes up much less room than Oars, and is easily stowed so, as no way to incommode the Vessel in a Storm, or the like.  
Thirdly, The work of this Engine, is as Natural to the Sailors, as any other part of their Business.  
Fourthly, Whereas Oars take up that space on each side the Vessel, that they require some twenty, thirty or forty foot of each side, to pass between other Ships; now this doth not take up above two, three, or four foot of a side.  
Fifthly, This Engine must be very useful in Yachts, Bomb-Boats, Sloops, etc. and of extraordinary use in Fights, to tow off disabled Ships.  
Sixthly, It is so contrived, that nothing but a Chance Shot can prejudice it; the Rolling of a common Sea not being able to annoy it.    
A few Days after, the Secretary told me, that the King had seen my Proposals, and that I need not fear, for that the King had promised me a very considerable Reward; and that I must go to the Lords of the Admiralty, to put it in Practice: But that first I must make a Model of it in a Wherry; which I did, and found it to answer my Expectations. Then I showed a Draught of it to the Lords of the Admiralty, who all seemed to like it; and one amongst them was pleased to say, That it was the best Proposal of its kind he ever saw: So I was referred from them to the Commissioners of the Navy, who all seemed to like it; but told me, that the Model must be surveyed by Mr. D .... the Surveyor of the Navy; whose Opinion I asked, but he was very reserved, and said, That a Wherry was too small a thing to show it in, there being no working at a Capstand in a Wherry; but he told me, it was a thing of Moment, and required some time to consider on: For should I, said he, give a rash Judgement against it, I should injure you; or for it, the charge of putting it in Practice must prove a loss to the King, and endanger my Employ; but if you will (says he) give me a Draught of the several sizes of the Engine, I will give you a Draught of the half breadths of the several Rates, to proportion them by.  
The Week following, one Mr. Fuser Under-Surveyor of the Navy, came to me from him, with Draughts of the several half Breadths, which I immediately returned with Draughts of the size of each Engine: after which Mr. D ... would never discourse me, or let me know one word of his Opinion; but four Months afterwards sent a Report of it to the Lords of the Admiralty, which I was prepared to answer as follow, but was refused by their Lordships.  
Mr. D ... 's Objections answered; which I desire the Reader to take particular Notice of.  
Object. the first. That it is the same sort of Engine that was used in the year 1682. at Chatham, for the Towing of Ships, the charge of which proved a loss to the Crown.  
Ans. I have heard that an Engine with two Wheels in the Water, on each side the Vessel, was used for the Towing of Ships: But to show, with Submission, that every Like is not the Same, I humbly beg Your. Lordship's to consider, That this Engine was not to be taken in Pieces on all occasions, as Mine is; neither was the Capstand, or what was used, as I would the Capstand of a Ship, fit for any other use. Whereas by my Contrivance, the Capstand loses no part of its other Qualities; and I am informed by very Ingenious Men, That this differs from that in all its Parts.  
Object. the second. I am said to overlook former Experiments, and not to give one solid Argument.  
Answ. I don't see how it was possible for me to offer a solid Argument to Mr. D ... who never would hear me, tho' I desired him for near four Months, that I might know what he had to object: Or if he met with any Difficulties, I did not question but to make them easy; which he still denied me, telling me, That he was throughly Master of the Thing.  
Object. the third. That I assert it useful for Ships from two to twenty two foot Draught of Water; whereas the Tow Vessel in 82, drew but four and a half Water the Outside.  
Ans. It is true: But I never said, That it was as easy to force a Ship of twenty two foot Draught of Water, through the Water, as one of two. But I know very well, that if two foot can by a small force be moved through the Water, that twenty two may. with a proportionable Strength be also moved; but if you cannot bring so great a Strength proportionable to a Ship's Capstand of twenty two foot, the Motion will be only so much the slower. And tho' the Tow Vessel in 82, drew but four foot and a half Water, they towed the greatest Ships by the help of four, six or eight Horses. Be pleased to note, That an ordinary Horse is not found to have the Strength of six common Sailors; so that forty six Men will do the work of eight Horses, whereas I can bring a hundred forty six Men to work on this Engine, which is not to Tow by Jerks, but move the Ship with a steady and strong Motion, more agreeing to that Element, than any other Motion whatsoever.  
Object. the fourth. The Work by resistance is too great for Horse or Man.  
Answ. If the Objection be true, it is the first thing of its kind that could not be wrought by Man or Horse, and I believe no man of Experience will be of Mr. D ... 's Mind in this Matter.  
Object. the fifth. That I have not considered the Moving equal Bodies gradatim, from two to twenty two foot, besides accidents in Elements, which I should have considered by proper Calculations, and not light and frivolous Instances.  
Answ. This in my Second Answer is sufficiently spoken of; and I hope the Judicious Reader is fatisfyed to the contrary of this Objection.  
Object. the sixth. Every Body that hath gravity is not to be removed locally, but by like Body, which is superior in weight, or by some Body, with addition of purchase artificially placed, as Leaver, Pulleys, Capstand, etc. answerable to the Body to be removed.  
Answ. How two Bodies alike in gravity, can be one heavier than the other, I am a stranger, and should I have said— but to what is said of Purchase artifically placed, as Leaver, Pulley, Capstand, etc. answerable to the Body to be removed, I am ready by Mathematical Demonstration to, to justify this Engine to be no more than Leaver, and as much also artificially placed, with full Power and Purchase.  
Object. the seventh. Whereas the superincombency of Water is always equal in weight to the Body subsiding in it: for nothing lighter will sink, nor heavier swim, but being equal, subsides by a just decision of Nature: This weight in the whole Body of a Ship whatever it be, is to be removed; but its real and abstracted weight, I confess is much abated in communion with that Element, and may make the true weight, which must lie on the Purchase or Force of such like Engine, somewhat difficult to be punctually known; but in the room thereof, we may venture to say, That the weight of Air gently filling all the Sails, and making the Body move a space a little more than is just perceivable, is superior, and not to be removed by this Engine, occupied by all Men sailing in the said Ship.  
Answ. That the superincombency of Water is equal in weight to the Body subsiding in it, is undeniable, and of use to be known, for the sinking of mighty hollow Bodies in the Water: Or by large hollow Bodies to budge up any thing sunk; for if you know their weight, you may the better by this means proportion your Work. But I cannot perceive what relation this has to Rowing. I have seen one Horse pull an hundred Tuns through the Water, the length of three Miles, in an hour. But by the Art of Man this Horse could not have made the Ship sink, or rise three foot in the time: Now 'tis said, That this Weight, what ever it be, must be removed; which a Man's Hand will do in a wet Dock, by the largest Ship that ever was built, provided the Water in the Dock, nor the Air above it have no perceivable Motion, and the Hawsers lose enough to give the Ship leave to move; and this Motion shall be perceivable, tho' I own very slow. But 146 Men having 146 times the Strength, will make the Motion increase to a far greater Swiftness, having continued Purchase, which all Wheels of this Engine have. But it is affirmed positively, That if there is as much Wind as will but just occasion a perceivable Motion in the Ship, it will be too strong for all the Men in the Ship to resist. Now certainly a Ship in still Water has been found, by all that have made their Remarks, to be as inclinable to go a Head as a Stern, and that the strength of one Man (as I said before) can occasion it either way; and I think it absolutely impossible, that a Ships Crew of as many Men as are but in the smallest Rates, should not have more strength than one man. I am satisfied, that none but madmen ever attempted to Row against the Wind with all their Sails spread, if there were a possibility of furling them. And tho' it be difficult to know exactly what way a Vessel will make in a Tides way, yet a little experience will teach us, that without all doubt, as exactly as Sailing, or the present way of Rowing a Barge, or the like.  
Object. the eighth. Nevertheless, when Abatements shall be made for infinite Accidents by Winds, Tides, Roughness of the Sea, Misunderstandings in the Working part, Unevenness and Uncertainty of men's Strength, Dislocation, Frictions, and other unfortunate Encumbrances; such Clockwork under the weight of Ships in the Sea, will ever be liable to: This Proposition, in our Opinion, can never, by any known Sailor, or other intelligent Man, be thought practicable at Sea.  
Answ. In Winds and Rough Seas there is no occasion for this ENGINE, for the Sails will occasion motion enough. Misunderstanding in the Working Part may happen, if a Horse in a Mill can go out this way, but not else. Unevenness and uncertainty in Men's Strength, may as well obstruct all the work the Sailors have to do. Dislocations, etc. my Workman stall prevent, or have nothing for his Labour. And I never offered that this Mill-work (which is called Clockwork) should support the weight of Ships in the Sea. For since I began this Design, I have shown the Draught to several Sailors, as well as other Intelligent Gentlemen, which I am sure in number are above two hundred, but have not met with any one that could make any reasonable Objection, but what I soon gave them full Satisfaction about. Now I humbly offer, That if my Affirmatives can be esteemed in balance with these Contradictions; That this ENGINE may be put in Practice but on one Ship, the charge of which will not exceed 70 l. the hazard of which sum is very inconsiderable, weighed against the Advantage this Engine may be to the KING's Service.  
When I sound the Lords of the Admiralty so much altered, that from commending the Thing, they would not hear one word in its defence; I made bold to ask the Opinion of the greatest Engineer in the Christian World, viz. Sir Martin Beckman, who told me, That the thing was good, and would answer my Proposal; and withal said, that His Majesty understood those things as well as any Engineer in the World. Upon which I made my humble Request to a most Noble Lord, who showed a Draught of it to the King; who being at that time very busy, ordered me again to the Almiralty, who never ordered me in before them, but after waiting 2 or 3 Days, the Doorkeeper told me, that my Business lay before the Navy. Upon which, the next Day I desired a Friend of mine to go with me to the Navy Office; that he being a Man of Exttaordinary Judgement, and no less Reputation, might be an Evidence of what Discourse might happen: But coming to the Navy Office, we found the Board was rose. However, in the Hall I found Mr. D .... I ased him, Whether any thing was come before the Board concerning my Business? No, said he, not since the Objections sent to the Lords of the Admiralty; on which, he could not but fall into an Argument.  
I asked him some Questions in relation to his Objections; and in a very little time, we had a great pother about superambient Air and Water. I found that my Sailer run himself fast aground, as Men commonly do when out of their Knowledge. This indeed made me pity him again, altho' I was willing to come to the plain truth of the matter; and asked him, Whether or no he could not bring 150 Men to work at this ENGINE? He answered, Yes. Then said I, Will they not have as much power to give a Ship motion, as 150 Men would have on Shore at a Hawser, fastened to the Ship? This he likewise answered in the affirmative: Then said I, it will do more than Oars, or any thing but a Gale of Wind, and fully answer my Proposals. Well, said he, with a Smile, and putting off his Hat, as taking leave, we are all Submission to the Lords of the Admiralty; and so went off. Not long after, a Friend of mine met a Commissioner of the Navy; and my Friend being perfectly acquainted with my Contrivance, asked the Commissioner, Why it was not put in use by them? The Gentleman offered several Objections; which were by sound reason, so fully answered by my Friend, that he had only this hole to creep out at: Sir, said he, have we not a parcel of Ingenious Gentlemen at the Board? Yes, said my Friend, I hope so, or 500 l. per Annum is paid them to a fine purpose. Is not Mr. D .... (says the Commissioner) one of them, and an ingenious Man? I hope so, continued my Friend. Then, said he, What have interloping People, that have not concern with us, to do, to pretend, to contrive or invent things for us?  
So Reader, here you may see what to trust to, tho' you have found out an Improvement as great to Shipping, as turning to Windward or the Compass; unless you can sit round the Green-Table in Crutched-Friars, your Invention is damned of course: and yet some of these People did own to me in private, That it was pity this ENGINE was not put in practice, for that it would be of singular use; but I find, there are a sort of People in the World, that will rather disserve King and Country, than disoblige, or run counter to one another, in things of great and small importance. I know not how Mr. D ... will clear his Objections, and make them appear truth to the World; tho' I am satisfied, that he will not want for those that will assist him, tho' never so contrary to reason; and at present, I think it behoves them so to do, or honestly to recant. I hope none that read this, but will find Mr. D .... 's Arguments very weak to obstruct for so many Years together, a thing of that Use and Service to the Nation, that this would have been; and truly, unless Mr. D .... do publish better Reasons than he has yet done, I shall think, and question not, but some hundreds more will be of my opimon, that had he lived in the time that the Compass was found out, if he could not have laid Claim to that unparralel Discovery, he would have obstructed its use to the utmost of his power.  
The last year I made sufficient demonstration of the use of my ENGINE on the THAMES, of which thousands were Eye-witnesses, and all People seemed to like it; the Public News Papers speaking very largely of it, yet all to no purpose. I can bring Men of undoubted Reputation, to justify, that with a small Yatcht that I fixed it to, I once below Bridge made better way; or out went a Catch in a Gale of Wind, who had all her Sails spread, viz. Main Sail, Main Topsail, Main Top-Gallant Sail, Foresail, Gib-Stay Sails, and Mizon; and we had the help of nothing but eight Sailors working at this ENGINE, and yet the Vessel I used this ENGINE in, was far more improper for it than any Vessel in the King's Service; and would my circumstances have afforded it, I would have fitted out a large Vessel myself, it being chief proper for such; but I thought that ocular Demonstration would do, tho' in never so small a Model, which made me begin with a Wherry; and by that time I had solicited up and down, and made an ENGINE fit for a Yatcht, I found the Expense too great for me, and was forced to desist: for altho' the ENGINE did not cost much, yet the continual charge of going with the Yacht, was considerable; insomuch, that that my endeavour to serve my Country, has cost me above 200 pounds. Yet the charge of this ENGINE in such a Vessel as the Royal Transport, will not exceed 50 pound; and tho' I have a Patent for it, yet the first Captain of a Frigate that desires it, I will assist in the making of it, aboard his Ship gratis; and that he may be certain, that I won't impose upon him, he shall have liberty to use his own Workmen: but this I will only do by the first comer, and I doubt not, but when the Ice is once broke, I shall at least receive thanks for my past Labour and Expense.  
I have, besides the ENGINE , made several useful Discoveries; of which I will give some account, it not being altogether out of its place; which is a method whereby I will fight any Ship, using Charge and Discharge as often as six or eight do now, and to as much purpose, without any manner of incommodation more than by the common way: so that one half of the Men need not be exposed that now are, and the rest may be kept as a reserve for Boarding, etc. the benefit of this I leave to the ingenious Sailor; besides which, I have invented a Gin of 14 inches square, portable by one Man, by which one Man may lift the largest Cannon or Mortar into her Carriage. But I will never discover one title of either of these, till I find justice done me on account of my Rowing ENGINE, I mean that it is put in Practice, and I am Rewarded; or else, that it is proved useless by an Argument, or Experiment; not by such Objections as Mr. D .... who talks of the weight of Ships in the Sea lying on this Clockwork; by which I believe, neither he himself, nor any one else, knows what he means: for this ENGINE is not to be under Ships in the Sea, nor to lift Ships out of the Water, but to occasion Motion; which, as I shown before, that even the smallest Force will do; and the greater the Force is, the better or swifter the Motion will be: but to avoid trouble to any, who shall think fit to write against it, I shall give an account of some other Objections that have been raised against it, which I have met with.  

Object. the First. It is liable to be shot.  
Object. the Second. It will lie in the way.  
Object. the Third. That the Wheel and Trundle may be out of order, and is not to be mended by a Ship Carpenter.   
Answ. the First. A Captain may be shot, and a good and brave Man's Life lost, will you not therefore have good Captains? A Yard by a Shot, sometimes from the Topmast Head, descends to the men's Heads on the Deck, will you therefore have no Sails? But this ENGINE is the least liable to be injured by a Shot of any thing: for tho' it break some of the Paddles, you suffer no inconvenience, as I have tried by taking some out. Should a Shot take all the Paddles off of one side, the Vessel will make near as good a way as before, and steer nigh as well: and truly I think, it must be a very odd Shot that can totally disable this ENGINE, so as a small time will not repair it. And I think the Rudder in ten times more danger; yet a man would deservedly be thought mad, that would have no Rudder to a Ship. But, suppose at any time, that this ENGINE is disabled, the Ship is still in as good order as any Ship now is, if she has no other harm; and it will be ill luck indeed, if there are three or four Ships together, and all are disabled at the same time.  
Answ. the Second. For its being in the Way, I know of nothing about it that can be thought to be so, but the Bar, or the Paddles for the Bar. Now I desire the Sailors to stoop a little when they go under it, and when they do not use the Paddles, to stow them on the Boom under the Longboat, their Shape making them very proper for that place.  
Answ. the Third. For a Shipwright's not understanding, or not being able to mend the Wheel and Trundle, it is next to impossible; for without Flattery, the men of that Profession, of all the Brothers of the Broad-Ax, are the most general Workmen; and it is hard to find a Shipwright, but either is, or with little trouble will be, on occasion, House-Carpenter, joiner, Wheel-wright, Mill-wright, Cooper, or what you please of that kind.  
All that I have now to add, is, That whoever is angry with Truth, for appearing in mean Language, may as well be angry with a wise and honest man for his plain Habit: for indeed, it is as common for Lies and Nonsense to be disguised by a jingle of Words, as for a Blockhead to be hid by abundance of Peruke.  
I have had my Patent for this Engine, about Two years, and am sorry it was not put in practice in time of War, because of the use it might have been of Aboard His Majesty's Navy; however, Men of sense will see, it may be put in practice with good Advantage in time of Peace; and I hope, its Novelty will not hinder an Experiment of it.  
Wherefore, fly no Invention, 'cause 'tis New,  
But strictly search; and after careful View  
Reject if false, embrace it if 'tis True.  Creech's Lucretius. 
FINIS.   

Books Printed, and Sold by James Moxon at the Atlas in Warwick-Lane.  
A Tutor to Astronmy and Geography, orthe Use of both the GLOBES, Celestial and Terrestrial; by Joseph Moxon, A member of the Royal Society, and Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty, price 5 s.  
The use of the Copernican Spheres, Teaching to solve the Phaenomena By them, as easily as by the Ptolomaick Spheres, by Joseph Moxon, &c, price 4 s.  
Wright's Correction of Errors in the Art of Navigation, price 8 s.  
An exact Survey of the Microcosm, being an Anatomy of the Bodies of Man and Woman, wherein the Skin, Veins, Nerves, Muscles, Bones, Sinews, and Ligaments are accurately delineated. Engraven on large Copper plates, printed and curiously pasted together, so as at first sight you may behold all the parts of Man and Woman; and by turning up of several Dissections of the papers, take a view of all their Inwards; with Alphabetical References to the Names of every Member and part of the Body. Set forth in Latin by Remelinus and Michael Spaher of Tyrol; and Corrected by Clopton haver's, M. D. and Fellow of the Royal Society, plain 15 s. Coloured 30 s.  
Vignola, or the Complete Architect; showing in a plain and easy way, the Rules of the five Orders in Architecture, viz. Tuscan, Doric, jonick, Corinthian, and Composite; whereby any that can but read and understand English, may readily learn the proportions that all Members in a Building have to one another: Set forth by Mr. James Barrozzio of Vignola, and Translated into English by Joseph Moxon, etc. price 3 s. 6 d.  
Compendium Euclidis Curiosi: Or, Ceometrical Operations. showing how with one single opening of the Compasses, and a strait Ruler, all the Propositions of Euclid's first five Books are performed. Translated out of Dutch into English. By Joseph Moxon, etc. Price 1 s.  
An Introduction to the Art of Species. By Sir Ionas Moor, price 6 d.  
Christiologia, or a brief but true Account of the certain Year Month, Day, and Minute of the Birth of Jesus Christ. By J. Butler, B. D. and Chaplain to his Grace James Duke of Ormond, etc. and Rector of Lichborough in the Diocese of Peter-borough, price 3 s. 6 d.  
A Tutor to Astrology, or Astrology made easy; being a plain Introduction to the whole Art of Astrology; whereby the meanest Apprehension may learn to Erect a Figure, and by the same to give a determinate Judgement upon any Question or Nativity whatsoever. Also new Tables of Houses, calculated for the Latitude of 51 degr. 32 minutes. Also Tables of Right and Obliqne Ascensions to 6 degr. of Latitude. Whereunto is added an Ephemeris for three years; with all other necessary. Tables that belong to the Art of Astrology. Also to Erect a Figure the Rational way, by the Tables of Triangles, more methodically than hath yet been published, digested into a small Pocket Volume, for the conveniency of those that erect Figures abroad. By W. Eland, price 2 s.  
The Use of a Mathematical Instrument called a Quadrant, showing very plainly and easily to know the exact Height and Distance of any Steeple, Tree or House, etc. Also to know the Hour of the Day by it; the height of the Sun, Moon, or Stars; and to know the time of the Sunrising, and the length of every day in the year, the place of the Sun in the Ecliptic, the Azimuth, Right Ascension, and Declination of the Sun: with many other necessary and delightful Conclusions: performed very readily. Also the Use of the Nocturnal, whereby you may learn to know the Stars in Heaven and the Hour of the Night by them; with many other delightful Operations, price 6 d.  
A brief Discourse of a Passage by the North Pole, to Japan, China, etc. pleaded by three Experiments and Answers to all Objections that can be urged against a Passage that way: As 1. By a Navigation into the North-pole, and two Degrees beyond it. 2. By a Navigation from Japan towards the North-Pole. 3. By an Experiment made by the Czar of Muscovy, whereby it appears, that to the Northward of Nova Zembla is a free and open Sea as far as Japan, China, etc. With a Map of all the discovered Land nearest to the Pole. By Joseph Moxon, etc. price 6 d.