The Anatomy of the inward parts o● 〈…〉 lively set forth, and diligently, declaring the principal V … 〈…〉 the use of letting Blood: very necessary for Physicians a●● … rurgians, and all other that desire to know Themselves  
The signification of such Letters as are placed in the Figure.  
A SIgnifieth the gullet of the throat, called also the throatbole, in Latin Gurgulio, and Canna pulmonis, that is to say, the Lung-pipe and Weson pertaining to the lights and the heart conveying air to them both, and it divideth itself into many hollow pipes within the Lungs, as ye see,  
B Signifieth the Lungs or Lights, called in Latin pulmo, and it is called the bellows of the body, for it draweth and sendeth forth again the air, with the which the heart and other members are tempered: wherefore the Lungs be full of hollowness, even like a sponge, and empty, opening itself to the receiving of air, and gathering itself together to expel it again, as doth a pair of bellows, fashioned much after the shape of an Ox hoof.  
C. Signifieth the Heart called in Latin Cor, the seat of life, the ruler and director of the spirit and blood. It appeareth within against the left breast, it is figured round, tending to sharpness at one of his ends, the which is towards the breast: it is of all other members the principal, and is called the Sun of the less world: For man among Philosophers is called the less world, and the heart being in it, is to all the body as the Sun is to all this great universal world, which approaching near unto us, all things rejoice, herbs bring forth flowers, trees spread their branches, all fowls, fish, and beasts, receive great comfort 〈…〉 the heart in man being heavy and pensive, all the b … 〈…〉 sad and ill disposed: The heart again being glad 〈◊〉 merry, all the body is light and lusty, for it illuminat●●● 〈◊〉 and lighteneth all other members with his spirit. It 〈◊〉 ●he first member in man that receiveth life, and the la●●●hat dyeth. Only this part in man is never griev●● … bly with any disease, but if it be, forthwith it dyeth and all the man with him.  
D. Signifieth the Midriff, called Diaphragma, Septum transversum, and Praecordia, and it is a thin skin which divideth the upper part of the body from the nether part, that is to say, the Heart and Lungs from the Spleen and Liver, etc.  
E. Signifieth the throat-pipe, called in Latin Gula, and Interior Colli fistula, that is to wit, the inner pipe or cunduit of ●he neck, the which cometh from the neck 〈…〉 … ck, and through it is conveyed the meat and 〈…〉 by the mouth is sent into the stomach. And 〈…〉 … pe doth appear above the shoulders, where also the throatbole is seen, there it is called the throat, and the outward pipe of the neck, And this part of the same pipe showing itself in the bulk of the body, is called the inward part of the neck-pipe and throat-pipe.  
F. Signifieth the upper part of the mouth of the stomach, called in Latin, Os stomachi.  
G. Signifieth the stomach, called in Latin Stomachus, the receptacle of meat and drink, a place devised of nature to concoct and digest food, as a furnace wherein meat is sodden; and it is offended with many and sundry diseases.  
H. Signifieth the bottom of the stomach, the (meat being in the stomach, undigested) is very and the same being once decoct and digested, it 〈◊〉 itself again.  
I. Signifieth the nether mouth of the stomach 〈◊〉 issue of the same called in Greek pylorus, and co … lie in Latin Protonarius, the way by which the m … digested, passeth down to the guts.  
K. Signifieth the Liver, called in Latin Hepar ●●cur, this is the place where the juice coming of n … ●●gested in the stomach is transmuted and alter … 〈◊〉 blood: but that part of this juice, which is no● converted to blood, is altered part to phlegm, p … 〈◊〉 … ler, and part to melancholy.  
L. Signifieth the Gall, called in Latin Fel: 〈◊〉 receiveth the refuse and dregs of the blood, an● … veth chief to the laps of the Liver.  
M. Signifieth a certain vein, called in Latin, 〈◊〉 and Manus jecoris, that is, the hand of the L●●●● vein receiveth the digested juice, by divers, 〈…〉 the stomach and other bowels, and sendeth 〈◊〉 ●●●●●choly part into the Spleen.  
N. Signifieth the Spleen, called in Latin 〈◊〉 Lain, which is the receptacle and sink of mel …  
O. Signifieth a vein, which in Latin is called 〈…〉 and Vena jecoraria, the hollow vein, the vein 〈◊〉 for by this Vein the blood engendered in t●● 〈◊〉 ministered to all parts of the body, to nourish 〈◊〉 therewith.  
P. Signifieth the Kidneys, called in Lat●● 〈◊〉 fastened to both sides of the body near to the L … 〈◊〉 the right Kidney standeth somewhat highe● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 left; by those the watery part of the blood 〈…〉 drawn, descendeth through certain other v … 〈…〉 see in the bladder.  
Q. Signifieth the bladder, in Latin Vesica, 〈◊〉 and receiver of urine.  
R. Signifieth the Stones, called in Latin Tes●●● this is the place where seed is engendered.  
S. Signifieth the Cod, called in Latin Scr●●●…  
T. Signifieth the privy part of man, call●● ●●nis, in whom be two notable ways or issu●● 〈◊〉 one is the urine issue, the other is called th● 〈…〉.  
V Signifieth the small guts called in Latin Il … is engendered the cruel pain, called the gnawing in the belly.  
X. Signifieth the grosser and greater part 〈…〉 in Latin called Colon, in whom the excrements 〈◊〉 long withholden, receiveth a certain form 〈…〉 after the place. This part many times is ●or … 〈…〉 the colic.  
Y. Signifieth the latter end of all 〈…〉 which immediately the ordure is expell●● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fundament. This place many times i● 〈…〉 disease called the Piles or Emeroids, 〈…〉 Latin is named Longanon.   

A Declaration of the Letters, signifying the principal veins to let blood  
THe Veins of the forehead and the temples, do spring and grow of the exterior throat-veins, like branches, the which must be opened, drawing the Launcer overthwart the vein. I call it letting overthwart the vein (according to ancient Doctors) the which is not fully along the vein, nor fully overthwart the vein, but keepeth a mean between both: and the letting blood of this vein is good for apostems in the eyes, and the Megram, and for great headache, and for alteration of the wit, for Frenzy, and for the new leper.  
B. The veins of the neck (that commonly are called the veins Guiden, or Jugulare exteriores) must be opened overthwart the vein, letting the Launcer decline a little along the vein, but not too much; or else it should be hard to staunch the blood. And he that shall open this vein well, must cause the Patient to bow his head from that side where he will open the vein, that it may be bend. And this vein must be opened (as saith Avicen) with a Launcer (cum pilo) that is to say, that hath a pin overthwart about the end of the Launcer, to keep it from going to deep in the vein: And the letting blood of these veins is good for the humours of the head, for the Rheum, and the Megram. And it is to be noted, that all the veins of the head ought to be left after a man hath eaten; neither ought these veins to be let in those, in whom is required the power to engender. For (as saith Avicen) through these veins are voided the spirits that nature doth send forth for generation.  
C. The Vein on the outside of the arm, the which the new practisers commonly do call Cephalica, and Galen, Vena externa and also Humeraelis, taketh his original with the Guiden or Jugulares exteriores, from the hollow veins. And this vein Cephalica must be opened with a greater hole than the other ●eins, or else (as saith Haly abbess, the ancient Physit●●● in the fourth book of his practice) the foresaid vein 〈…〉 … ous to fall to an apostumation. And great heed 〈◊〉 be take● for failing in opening this vein, for it is … rdous to let. For if you dare not touch this vein C … ike, and fear to open it as some Barbers and Chyrurgeans that be not well expert, do, ye shall do great harr to the Patient, and cause danger of apostumation. Always if ye touch this vein well at the first lancing, it is the same that of all veins doth grieve least in letting of blood: howbeit howsoever ye do, make the hole meetly great. The opening of this vein is good for running of the eyes, and all manner of headache, and for the falling sickness.  
D. The vein that appeareth in the middle of the arm, before the bowing of it, or after the bowing, the which commonly is called the Median or Mediana, or Nigra, after Avicen, or after Haly abbess Mediastina, and after Rhasis and Almansor it is called Vena matrix, or Cardiaca; and hath his original or spring, partly of the Cephalica, and partly of the Basilica, the which must be opened overthwart the vein; or at the least declining the Launcer a little awry, except one will let twice; and the letting blood in this vein, is good for all griefs and diseases of the members, stomach, ribs and sides, for it is the fountain of all the body.  
E. The Vein that is common called Basilica, and after Galen, Vena interna, sometimes it is called Jecorria, others do call it Hepatica, or Regia. Rhasis, because it doth go through the armholes, doth call it Vena axillaris: and it doth proceed and come from the hollow vein being yet in the breast, before it hath furnished the Interiores Jugulares, or throat-veins. The original of this vein is of the stomach, liver and heart, and the best perceiver is in the outside of the arm. Of the which vein, he that shall open it, aught to take diligent heed for lancing, for hard by it is a great sinew like unto a vein, wherein the spirit of life runneth up and down, and is mixed with blood, the which if it be opened, the Patient standeth in jeopardy of his life, as saith Galen in his book of letting blood. Under the same Basilica are also great sinews touching the foresaid vein. Therefore saith Rhasis in his 28. book, eschew the Basilica as much as possible, without it be for great need, otherwise it is better to take the Median.  
F. The Vein that appeareth upon the top of the pulse, is the branch or twig of the Cephalica.  
G. The second vein that lightly appeareth about the middlemost finger, and is commonly called Funis Brachii, is also a branch or twig of the Cephalica.  
H. The third Vein of the hand, the which appeareth about the little finger, and is commonly called of the Physicians or Chyrurgeans, Salvatella, or Vena Titillaris, or Ascelaris, is also a branch of the Basilica. The which veins of the hand, as also other outward veins are of small value or profit to be let blood or opened, because they never yield much blood: and these must be opened as those of the feet, namely in warm water, to cause the veins to swell above the sinews.  
I. The vein of the inner ankle of the foot, the which appeareth more perfectly than the other, is commonly called Saphena, and cometh (as doth also the Sciatica) from the great hollowness that is under the knee.  
K. The other Vein that is on the outside of the foot, is called Sciatica, and cometh likewise of the great hollowness under the knee. And the letting blood of these two veins, is good for all manner of swell and apostems of the privy members. The which veins of the feet are jeapardous for deep lancing, and especially the Sciatica, which is more dangerous to be touched than the Saphena. For if ye open the Sciatica and launch it deep for fear of failing, because they appear so small, ye shall hardly escape, but that ye shall touch some sinew adjoining to the same veins, whereof might come great pain and other evil accidents: as we have seen otherwhiles, that for ignorance of the Barbers and Chyrurgians, the Patient did fall into divers griefs of the sinews or the cramp. This and such like griefs therefore are the causes, why it is needful to have the hands and feet in warm water, when they shall be lanced, to cause them to swell and appear the better: for they be little of themselves, and in giving them a cut with the Launcer, ye must always beware of the sinew. Also the Sciatica must be lanced as the Saphena, namely, a little overthwart, seeing they appear enough. And generally every vein that is in a place full of sinews, or between sinews, must be opened along the vein, and that for two reasons. The first is, to eschew the sinews in what place soever they be. The Second is, that the vein that is cut or blemished along the vein, is not so dangerous for the cramp, or other evil accidents (as saith Galen in his fift Book of Methodus Therapeutice) as when it is lanced along a little overthwart.  
Behold (Gentle Reader) these are the Veins that, are commonly enured to be cut. There be many other Veins that may be cut for divers griefs; but because they are little in use, and Galen and other ancient Greeks have made no mention of them, let this suffice.   anatomical diagram  anatomical diagram  anatomical diagram  anatomical diagram