Abstractum Chirurgiae Marinae. OR, An ABSTRACT of SEA CHIRURGERY: Designed for the use of such Surgeons who desire to serve at Sea, yet are unacquainted with Sea practice: In order to their restoring to Health of Sick or Wounded Seamen; But may all fitly serve for most Surgeons. In Three Compendious Books. The First containeth certain Directions necessary to be observed by the Sea-Chirurgeon in his fitting out. The Second teacheth how he should perform his Chirurgical Duty being at Sea, both in an engagement, and at other times. The Third instructeth how he must execute the Phisical office imposed on him.  
By JOHN MOYLE Sen. sometime a Sea-Chirurgeon in His Majesty's Service.  
Licenced, May 25th. 1686. ROB. MIDGLEY.  
London, Printed by J. Richardson for Tho. Passenger at the 3 Bibles on London-Bridge. 1686.   

TO The Worshipful, The Chirurgeon General of His Majesty's Navy: AND TO The Worshipful, The Masters, or Governors of Chirurgeons-Hall, London.  
Worthy Gentlemen,  
IT is not unknown to some of you, if not to all, that by your appointment I have had the Honour to be a Sea Chirurgeon (for not a few years) in His Majesty's Service; and now I find myself in years, and cannot expect to hold it much longer at Sea; which turbulent Element requires the best of a Man's Age in whatsoever Capacity he comes there to serve. But before my Exit I resolved to write this Abstract, according to what Skill and Experience I have attained for the use of others of my Calling, who are the true Sons of Esculapius, and either are, or would be Sea-Chirurgeons, yet whose younger years, or non opportunities have not permitted them to aim at that degree of Experience, as is requisite; but are either altogether unacquainted with the Sea Practice, or at least ways have not been in Engagements, and so need Instruction. I undertake this, not that I think better of myself than of all other Sea-Chirurgeons; for there are some who were my Contemporaries in the Wars, and their Knowledge I esteem as good, and some better than my own: But I undertake to write this, because I see others have not: And indeed being at present out of Employ, I have more leisure time than others, or then myself desires, if I could remedy it: However at this juncture it falls out opportunely to me to write it, and especially for some reasons urging.  
Now as I have had at all times my Employments from Your Worshipful Company, so I humbly Dedicate this Book unto you. I have taken what care I can to write as becomes a Chirurgeon for the good of those that will practise by it, that they may be provided with Knowledge to help Sick or wounded Sea men, when there is occasion: More especially considering Your Mature and Piercing Judgements to whom I present it: I wish I could have done it better, but it is the best I can, and I hope it will find your Candid Reception. So wishing you all Health and Happiness, I Subscribe myself  
Your Worships very Humble and Affectionate Servant, John Moyle, Sen.   

THE PREFACE.  
Chirurgical Reader,  
I Do not design here to teach you how to be a Chirurgeon, but will suppose you to be one already: But I intent to teach you to be a Sea Chirurgeon, for by that time you have read this Book, you will find that a man may be an Ingenious Practitioner at Land; and yet, if he comes to Sea, be far to seek, being unacquainted with the Sea Practice: Nay, You may have been at Sea, and yet (if not in a Sea-fight) you will be to seek, not knowing how to behave yourself at such a time.  
Now in these three Books I purpose to instruct you in Sea Practice, and make you able to help Wounded and Diseased Sea men at their need. The first Book directeth you how to fit yourself out to Sea, The second showeth you how to perform your Chirugical Duty being at Sea. And the third how to Execute your Physical part, you have every thing as compendious as possible; (for I affect not prolixity) yet all as plain as if you saw the things acted before your eyes. I will not by any means be guilty of applauding myself; but this let me tell you, in order to gain your good opinion of the Book, That it is no frothy and uncertain discourse: Nor is it written by one that hath attained only Theory without Practice, but here is really Experimental Knowledge: The Author besides his first Rudiments, hath since Traveled in the World for this Experience; and in most of the Sea Fights that we have had with any Nation in his time, he hath been in them, and his hands have acted what he here writes. He hath not picked this out of other Books, he hath only made use of The New London Dispensatory to compare therewith, in order to the regulating of his Doses, and for other such uses; as any Ingenious Artist in reading this Book, will easily perceive: You will likewise find here the choicest of Medicines at this day known in the World, for the Cure of every Disease and Wound. 'Tis true there are some that w●●e not formerly used by Sea Surgeons; but since the Impression of The New London Dispensatory by Doctor Salmon, they are become in Practice, and are known to be the most excellent of all Medicaments, both Balsams, Essences, and others. Indeed some of them (as they are of Incomparable goodness, so they are costly) but a man's Life and Limbs are valuable; and besides, to countervail the Cost, the Doses are generally very Minute, and small quantities of such will be sufficient to be carried with you: Therefore since you must buy Medicines, 'tis well if you take such of them, (though they are costly) as are now approved to be most effectual.  
Then as to Practise: You shall find here a convenient Method to Practice by: You are not bound here to give large and loathsome Bolus, or Potions; nor yet confined to one particular thing, and so necessitate your Patients to Hobson's Choice, (that or none;) for some Patients can sooner die than take the former, and the latter Nausiates being taken often: But I show you here small and pleasant Doses, or some few grains of some excellent Powder made up in a small Pill or two, or some few Drops of some Noble Essence, drank in a glass of the choicest Wine, or Cordial Liquor, which would invite even a Child to take it.  
Then if the Patient cannot take a Medicine in one form (as Bolus-ways) you have another, as Pills to perform the same intention; and if he is averst to these, you have here some grateful Liquors: This order I have observed for you throughout the Book: And with it I wish you Prosperity in your Ingenious and Just Endeavours,  
JOHN MOYLE.   

ERRATA.  
IN the Epistle Dedicatory, for aim read attain. Pag. 7. line 11. for Electum read Electuarium, and the same here that word is in any other place, p. 16. l. 11, 12. id 30. for Glasses r. Classes, p. 17. l. 19 for Sarrina's Farrina's, p. 19 the a that is at the end of line 6, buld be at the end of line 3. p. 20. l. 2. for Cruise r. ●ew, p. 26. l. 2. for lighter r. light, p. 32. l. 12. for ●lecta r. Electu. p. 34. l. 30. for Spirit of Vinum r. Spiri●s Vini, p. 35. for minus r. minor, and the like where is word is in other places, p. 36. for stuff r. stuff, p. 37. 29. for these r. this, p. 38. l. 2. for deccicatrum r. decativum, p. 39 for extramosities r. extraniosities, p. 41. 4. for it r. is, and for wounds r. wound, p. 54. l. 10. ● electo r. electu, p. 61. l. 30. for stuff r. stuph, p. 66. 28. for unguent. & album r. unguent. album & populion. 68 l. 12. for Cribratum r. Cribrosum, p. 69. l. 23. for ab. r. orab. p. 80. l. 29. for (and Elixir) r. and give ●lxir, p. 83. l. 1. r. Olium Rosarum omphacinum, p. 83. 5. for Quint. Coloc. ℥ j r. Quint. Colocynth. ʒs. p. 82. 9 for Cariostinum r. Cariocostinum, p. 92. This mark that is at the word Liquor, should be at Sarsa, the ●●xt line, p. 97. for Combotes r. Bombotes, p. 103. Cymamoy r. Cynamonii, p. 108. for Decoct. Carminativ. r. ℥ x. p. 112. l. 11. for child's r. child, and in the last ●e but two, for ana r. a. p. 123. l. 20. for now it is held ●d, r. now it is not held good, p. 125. first line, for ●int. r. Quint. p. 126. last line, for the new Skin, r. a tv Skin.   

The first part containeth certain Directions necessary to be observed by the Chirurgeon in his fitting of himself out for the Sea.  

The First Direction.  
WOuld you be a Sea Chirurgeon; Then it is necessary you should understand, first, how to fit yourself out for the Sea, in order to which, you are first to consider what those Accidents and Distempers are, that are most incident to the Sea, that you may provide Medicines and Instruments proper for them.  
They are these that follow,  
All manner of Wounds, especially by Gunshot, Bruises or Contusions both outward and inward; Spreins, Dislocations, and Ruptures, Scalding and Burning, especially with Powder; Pains, Aches, and Numbness of Limbs, tumors, Ulcers, and Gangrenes, Ophalmias, Squinzys, Hemorrhage at the Nose, Toothache, Piles, Procedentia Ani.  
And then inwardly: The Scurvy, Fevers and Agues; Fluxes, Cholera, Gripes and Colic, Surfeits, Colds, Catarrhs, Rheums, Pleurisy, Strangury, and Gravel; Worms, Costiveness.  
Now you must understand that there be several Diseases that are very rarely cured at Land, and are not expected to be cured at Sea; as Consumption, Dropsy, Gout, Evil, Palsy, Epilepsy, and others; and several Chirurgical Operations that are not expected to be performed at Sea, as Cutting for the Stone, Couching Cataracts, Extirpating Wens, and the like.  
The former Accidents and Distempers you are absolutely obliged to provide for, but these latter not: However, if you think you can do any good in these deplorable Diseases, with the Medicines or Instruments you have for the other, you may use your endeavours, and in so doing, you will do well.   

The Second Direction.  
Secondly, To know what those Medicines and Instruments are, that are proper to be carried for the Cure of those Accidents and Diseases before enumerated, your way is to turn over this Book, and see what Medicines and Instruments are here appointed, and what I have used in every Accident and Disease: Take a Catalogue of them, the which digest into an invoice to fit by; for I will assure you that you will here find the best of Medicines, and Balsams that are at this day known or Practised withal; and every needful Instrument you will find named, and the use of it shown occasionally in the Book: Only this observe, that whereas I in some places name many things that are proper for the same Distemper, and yet any one of them will cure it: That that is for your full knowledge, and lest you may perchance have one of them, and not the other.  
In this case you may choose which of them you believe to be the best, and not charge yourself with more, only this variety you must necessarily use: If a man cannot take a Bolus, you must have Pills that will perform the same Office; or if he cannot take Pills, you must have a Potion to execute the same intention; for some men cannot take one manner of Medicament that can take another; and a Patient must not be suffered to miscarry because he cannot take only one sort of Medicine.  
To make it more plain to you: There are the best of Diaphoretiqnes, in the World, spoken of in this Book for the reason's , as Mitherid. Thriac. Ven. Tinctura Gummi, Guaci, and others, all of them extraordinary proper; but then there is only Thriac Lond Nova, that executes the Office of them all, and may be used in all Diseases wherein Sweeting is required; only it is an Electuary, and it is possible some cannot take an Electuary (although indeed this may be taken in Wine) than you should have Aqu. Thriac, or the like to drink.  
And this further, If yourself has had the experience of any Medicine (that you do not see named in this Book,) for the cure of any Disease, you may take that Medicine, and leave out which of mine you think you can best spare: For in the forming of your invoice you must consider that you have no more room than only a Chirurgery Chest, and Drug Chest to contain all your things; therefore you are not to carry greater variety than of necessity you must. And let those be of the most pertinent, and universal tendency, one of which is proper for the Cure of many Diseases. As indeed, what need a Sea Chirurgeon to encumber his Chest with Pill aurae, faetidae, or several others, whilst Pill Rudij of itself will do all that they can do.  
So among Chemical Medicaments what need is there for a Sea Chirurgeon to take Aurum Potabile, Precipitatus Aurius: or Mana Mercurij. When Bezoarticum solare Schroderi, will do as much as them all, in any disease they are appropriated unto.  
You are therefore I say to take the most Catholic, but no more of a sort, than necessity enjoins you.   

The Third Direction.  
Thirdly, In forming your invoice, you must have a care in regulating your quantity of each Medicine, that you may carry what is sufficient, but not superfluous.  
To do this, you must first consult what your Compliment of men are, and Secondly, The length of your intended Voyage: At least ways how long it will be ere you may expect a recrute. For reason tells, that you must fit a greater quantity of each Medicament for a greater quantity of men, than for a lesser: and more of every Medicament for a long Voyage than for a short.   

The Fourth Direction.  
Fourthly, Consider the Chances and Maladies that may be expected in that expedition you are upon, or Climate you are bound unto; that you may in a special manner furnish yourself with quantities, for those expectations; as if you go into the Wars, you must expect wounds and broken Bones, than you must carry more quantity of Vulneraries, than if you were not bound into the Wars.  
So as to the Climate: If you are bound to Newfound Land, you may expect the Scurvy, therefore provide good quantities of Scorbuticks; more than if you were to go a straits Voyage: But again, if you were to go to Scanderoon, there is very often malignant Fevers and Fluxes, but seldom the Scurvy: Therefore you must now put up greater quantities of Antefebritiques, then of Scorbutiques. I say, although you must carry sufficient quantities of Medicines proper for every Accident and Ailment that doth usually befall at Sea, yet in a special manner you must provide for the Accidents and Distempers that may be expected in the Voyage, or expedition you are now upon.   

The Fifth Direction.  
Fifthly, You would do well to consider that some Medicines are expended at Sea faster than others, and some are given in greater Doses than others, and therefore you must not carry the like quantity of the one as of the other. There is more of Basilicon used, than of Apostolorum; and more of Diapalma, than of Ad Herniam, and so the dose of Electum Lenitivum is from ʒ vi ad xij, whereas that of Cairo costinum, is but from ʒ ij ad iij, therefore it is not reasonable that you should take as much of the one of these Medicines, as of the other; except it be because that of the less Dose may be more in use than the other, and in that Case it may be equalised.   

The Sixth Direction.  
Sixthly I would advise you if you take greater quantities of those things, that are least in use, and smallest in Doses, let them be such as will keep good at Sea for a long time; for then 'tis true you may have no great loss in them; but if they be such as will decay in a short time, than you had best be advised as to your Quantities, an Ounce of Stibium will be as good at seven years' end, as it was the first day; but your Rhubarb at 4 years old will have the worm; therefore when you fit, mind such things as these, and take quantities accordingly.   

The Seventh Direction.  
Seventhly, To save charge and encumbrance, let me advise you to inform yourself what Medicines or Drugs are plenty in the Country where you are going, that you may carry with you out of England as much of those Medicines or Drugs only as you Judge will serve you thither.  
Why should a man carry any quantity of Theriaca Andromica to Venice, when as that is the place where it is made, and either for Truck, or Money, you may have the best, and best cheap: Or, Why Cena to Alexandria in Egypt, and I have seen it sold there, and that of the best in the World, for a quarter of the money that we buy it at home.  
The like I say of Rhubarb and Scamony at Ptolemais in Palestine. So that if a man be bound into any part of Turkey, he need carry only as much of these things as will serve him thither, and no more. What need is there of carrying Spices or Gums to the Indies, or Wine, Brandy, or Recchee to France, Spain, Portugal, or Italy, when their Ports vend those Commodities. Therefore in your fitting mind this Direction.   

The Eighth Direction.  
Eighthly, If you are bound out in a Merchant man to any place that is known to be sickly, you would do well to put the Commander in mind, to carry in the Ship some fresh and necessary provisions, least men should be sick and miscarry for want of it; for it is not all the Medicines in your Chest that will recover men, without fresh and wholesome Diet.  
If you go any Foreign Voyage, or into the Wars in a Ship of the Kings, you have these things provided for you: for His Majesty graciously allows necessary Provisions for sick and wounded; which the Chirurgeon General of His Majesty's Navy, with care and discretion puts up and disposeth of to each Chirurgeon, according to the Compliment of men the Ship carries, and the Voyages he is a going; which is a great comfort and refreshment to the Men, and an ease to the Chirurgeon in curing them.   

The Ninth Direction.  
Now as to the Pounds, or Ounces of each individual Medicine that you should carry for any particular Voyage, and Compliment of Men; If it be in a Merchant man, you have only custom to guide you by; you carry what quantities you know others have done and have found sufficient. Therefore I'll tell you, that for my own part when I have gone in a Ship of about 40 men, and a Voyage supposed 12 or 14 Months. I have carried of Medicines of the largest Dose, and most frequent use, lb ij of each, and of the rest proportionably. However I impose no quantities on you, you are at your own liberty; only I give you a light to see by:  
And if you go in a Man of War, your quantities are judiciously regulated by the Governors of Surgeons Hall: So (that if you would) you shall not, take less quantities than they judge to be sufficient. Therefore I presume not to advise you to any certain quantities, but refer you to their more mature Judgements, Only to ready you for their view, let me acquaint you, that when I myself has gone out in a Fourth, Third, or Second Rate, my largest Jars and Glasses were generally upward of lb iij, that they might contain lb iij complete, and yet room for fermenting Medicines, and my other Medicines have been proportioned accordingly; and these have for the most times been approved of as good moderate quantities. And this farther, when I have gone in a fourth rate I have taken as great quantities, as when in a second; for you must consider this, that the length of the fourth rates Voyage may equalise the second rates great compliment of men, and short Voyage, for usually the great ships are not out above six or seven Months, but the lesser a much longer time. However, being you put up your Medicines before they come to view them, 'tis your wisest way to take no less quantities than you know others have taken, and have been approved of as sufficient. Otherwise when they come to view, they will make you take more (as they have sometimes done by me in the like case) and that will create you a double trouble.  
I only give you this light, that you may be in a competent readiness for the view, and as to the certain quantities you must submit (as I have done) to the Governors' judgement and ordering.   

The Tenth Direction.  
Having prepared your invoice according to the foregoing Directions, you are now to begin to put up Medicines. And here let me advise you to see all things, whether they be good.  
'Tis true the Governors of Surgeons Hall do throughly inspect the medicines that go into the King's Ships, and will not suffer any thing that is ill to pass; but you put up your Medicines whilst they are not there. Therefore to save an after trouble, be very circumspect as to what you take. For so it is, that in many Medicines one Apothecary can deceive another, and much more a Sea Chirurgeon, whose calling it is not to make all his own Medicaments. However although 'tis impossible for you to know whether every Ingredient be in a Compound Medicine that the Dispensatory appoints, yet by the sight, smell, taste, or consistence, you will judge within a little more or less, (if you make it your business to understand Medicines) whether it be sound, or Sophisticated.  
Besides you are the Person that must stand or fall by the repute or dis-repute that your Medicines acquire, therefore it behoves yourself to see to the best of your knowledge that what Medicines you put up be good. Especially if you go in a Merchantman where you have no view upon your Chest. And indeed you are very happy if you meet with an honest Apothecary or Chemist who dispense and prepare their Medicines faithfully, and that will not put bad things upon you.   

The Eleventh Direction.  
It remains now that I direct you to take such care in putting up your Medicines, that they may be preserved good as long as possible. To do this, put up as many things as you can in Jars, Glasses and Boxes. Let every thing be well covered that the Air hurt them not, nor that they spill, and so you come to damage. See that your Rhubarb be new and sound, and that the worm hath not got into it (as it will certainly do at four years old) let it be wrapped in Cotton, and kept in a Box dry. See likewise that your Liquid Medicines that will ferment, be put into Jars or Glasses that will hold more than the quantities you put in them, that there may be room to ferment. Let not such Bottles of Syrups be Corked, but covered well with Leather and tied hard, and the Cover pricked, and let your fermenting Electuaries be often stirred down. Such as grow dry at Sea, add to them some of the humid ingredient whereof they were made, and Honey to some, Sugar to others, and Spirit of Wine to others. When your Mass of Pill Rudii grows hard, temper it with rectified Spirit of Wine by the warm Fire to its right consistence. Other Pills, as Cochiae, or Ruffi, strew Cream or Tartar on the Mass, and it will preserve them in their due consistence. Your Rich Confections, as Alchermis, or De hyacinthis will quickly dry and spoil. Therefore carry the species of such, and make them up as you have occasion; having with you Syrupus Lemonibus, and others for that purpose. Let all your Jars and Glasses both great and small be square, and not round, that they may stow the better; and let them be all strong double Glasses, that will not break upon a slight occasion. It hath been accustomary to put them into Bladders, as well to save what is in them, (if any one should chance to break) as to preserve other Medicines from being spoiled, by the Oils or corrosives, if they should spill, but good double Jars and Glasses prevent that.   

The Twelfth Direction. To fit the Chirurgery Chest.  
Now for the greater safety of your Medicines, let me advise you, not to have drawing Boxes at the Ends of the bottom of your Chest, as some use to have, and carry their Seeds and other things in them; for when you shall need any thing that is in them, you must take out several Medicines that stand in the bottom of the Chest before them; which Pots or Glasses will be in danger of breaking, especially if there goes a great Sea, and the Ship rolls.  
Some Surgeons (especially in small Merchantmen) carry their Drugs in the bottom of their Chests, together with some Medicines, which is altogether inconvenient (if you can avoid it) for there must be a preposterous displacing of things before you can come at the Medicine you would have, therefore if I am worthy to advise you, let not your Drugs be in your Chirurgery Chest; but have Partitions all over the bottom, and let those partitions be bigger than them at top; and in them place your greatest Jars and Glasses (and especially your Oils and Corrosive Medicaments, that if they should spill or break, they cannot fall on others to endamage them). Besides in one of those partitions, you may place four of such small square Glasses, as your Oils of Sulphur or Vitriol are put in, if you wrap them with Tow, and place them decently one upon another. Let each kind of Medicines be placed in Glasses by themselves; as the Syrups in one Glass, the Electuaries in another; and so of the Oils, and Unguents, or Waters; with every Medicament its Lybel upon it. And keep account in your Book whereabout each Medicine stands, that you may either go or send for the Medicine you want and find it (as it were) in the dark.  
Having thus fitted the bottom of your Chest, there is usually a hanging drawer under the middle of the top partitions, where some Chirurgeons use to keep their Instruments; Let that be for your Emplasters. And then fall in hand with the top of your Chest. You are to place round the top the remainder of your bigger Jars and Glasses, because they are the bigger partitions: And as in the bottom, so here, let each kind of Medicines be in their peculiar Glasses and writ upon.  
And in the partitions of your top Drawers you may place in some four, in others more, of your small square Glasses and Jars; as four ounces, two ounces, and ounces; and every thing written upon, and account taken in your book, you will know readily where to find each Medicine in the bottom of any partition, although its Lybel should be lost, and let your box of small Weights and Scales be fixed to the inside of the Lid of your Chest, as also your Electuary and Unguent Spatula's, and Tile to mix Boluses on; with other Necessaries.   

The Thirteenth Direction. For fitting the Drug Chest.  
Having furnished your Chirurgery Chest, now fall in hand with your Drug Chest. 'Tis usual to put your Sarrina's, Seeds, Roots, Herbs, Flowers, and such like in Papers, and so write upon them; but do you put these papers into small Canvas Bags, each bag marked with a peculiar Mark. Let several of these Papers be put into one bag; as, the several papers of seeds into one bag, the herbs into another, the roots into a third, and so of the rest.  
Then take account in your Book what is in each bag so marked, and you will easily find what you want when you have occasion. Let the things be in bags, because papers break in rummaging, and spill about the bottom of the Chest, mixing one thing with another.  
Here your Box of first intentions are likewise to be placed; (viz.) your dismembering pledget's, Buttons and Tents, Rulers, Cross-bolsters, Linen, Tow, Tape, Leather, Bladders, and other Necessaries. Be sure your fine Tow be put up in a bag, lest a Candle hap to catch in it. And let your Restringent Powder be there likewise with the rest of your first intentions. Your box of large Instruments should be carried there likewise, because there is nothing in that Chest but what is dry. But see that they be first made sharp and bright by your Instrument-maker, and let them be often looked on and rubbed with a piece of dry Cotton, lest they should speck or rust.   

The Fourteenth Direction.  
Now for as much as every Chirurgeon hath not seen made, nor used the first intentions, I'll show you how to make them now, and how to use them elsewhere.  
Take fine Tow, and form round Pledgits smooth and even, and of a reasonable substance. about the breadth of the end of stump; some bigger and others lesser, as stumps may be, and some larger than any stump, Let them lie upon a smooth board, a then beat the whites of Eggs, with acetum, and sprinkle the Pledgits therewith till they are through wet.  
Then take another smooth board, and lay upon them to press them hard; after, take off the upper board and carry them into a Sunshine place to dry; and when they are thoroughly dry put them up in your box for use. Form likewise dismembering Buttons in the shape of a large Button; let them be wet likewise in the same Liquor, and dried, and put up into the Box. Make Tents also of all sizes, whether for Musket Shot, Pistol Shot, Puncture, or any such Wound whatever.  
These things put up together with the Restringent Powder, are called our first intention, and aught to be ready by you at all times, and not to make when you have occasion to use them.   

The Fifteenth Direction.  
Lastly, Being fitted in all things according to these Directions, and having your Chests viewed, you are to get them with yourself, and cruse on Board, and see them placed as conveniently as possibly you can, to be got at; and in a dry place, where wet may not come at them to spoil either your Medicines or Instruments, and let them be so lashed that they may not overset in bad Wether by the rolling of the Ship. Being now on Board, and yet in the River, furnish your dressing Box (that is a box with six or eight partitions with Pots or Glasses of Oils or Balsams, and Emplasters, ready spread for present occasion) which box you must every morning carry to the Mast between Decks, to dress such as have any hurts or ailments; and there with our Mortar we usually ring, that such as have occasion may hear in any part of the Ship and come to be dressed. Thus you are completely fitted and ready for any thing that shall happen.  
However some of these Directions may seem of smaller importance than others, yet the least are necessary, and to be heeded; for by the nonobservance of such, myself has sometimes sustained damage and trouble, which by the regarding of them you may avoid. But I know you would be at greater things, and you'll meet with greater anon.    

THE Second BOOK. Teacheth how the Chirurgeon ought to perform his Chyrurgical Duty being at Sea.  

CHAP. I. How the Chirurgeon should behave himself on an Engagement Day.  
I'll Imagine that you are at Sea now in a Man of War, and in sight of the Enemy; and all men are clearing their respective quarters, and fitting themselves for fight; at what time you, as you are Chirurgeon of the Ship, must prepare as followeth.  
First you must see that your platform be laid as even as may be, with a Sail spread upon it, which you must speak to the Commander to order. In a Merchantman this is usually in the Cable teere; but in Men of War it is generally in Hold, abaft the Mast, between that and the Bulk head of the Cockpit from side to side.  
On this platform you must place two Chests, to set your wounded men on to dress them, one for yourself to perform the greater operation on, and the other for your mate to dress slighter wounds on. You are likewise to have by you two Tubs with water; the one to throw amputated Limbs into until there is conveniency to heave them overboard; and the other to dip your dismembering Bladders in, or to wash between each Operation, and for other services.  
Let your Instruments likewise both great and small be ready by you on the Platform. And your first intentions must not now be to seek, nor must any one necessary now be missing. As your pulv. restring. acetum Ova, Oils for Bruises and Burn; Cordials to give when men faint; Seer-clothes ready spread (for now all fire must be out in the Ship, except Candles and Matches).  
Let good store of the largest Candles be placed decently about the Platform to give good light, and instead of fire to warm your Cear-clothes, or heat your Oils, as you have occasion; and be sure your restrictives be ready mixed, your restrictivum Com. in one Basin, and your potential Cautry in another; and your Aqua stiptica Vitrioli in a third, that they may not be to fetch, or mix when you have a present need to apply them.  Your Restrictiva Communa is this, Rec. Alb. Ovarium, beat them with acetum, and mix therewith Pulu. restring. to a fit consistence. 
By this time I'll suppose the fight is begun, and your Ship is engaged, and wounded men begin to be brought down: And first one, who to save his Life, must have his Limbs amputated.  
You see part of the Limb carried away by the Shot; as the Hand from the Arm, the Foot from the Leg, or else the Bones so shattered, that should you leave it on, there were no hopes of healing it, nor of saving the man's life. This indicateth amputation, and it is speedily to be done, for 'tis no time now for you to pause upon it; your main design is to save the man's life; in order to which, two eminent purpasses immediately present: The one to take of the Limb, for if that should stay on, life is not long to be expected, the other is to stop the violence of bleeding; (for in the Blood is the Life) and if that be not done, the man will immediately die.  
This latter purpose you are first to put in execution (if possible) for 'tis sure the man hath bled too much already, before he could be got down to you; more especially if in a three Decked Ship, and the man wounded on the upper Deck.  

Amputation.  
Set the man down immediately on your Chest, and let your assistants hold him; and let one take a fast gripe with his hands above the place you intent to amputate, drawing up the Muscles with what force he can, and you with large and strong tape make fast and hard Ligature, to restrain the bleeding; fetch it several turns about, and let it be about two inches above the place you design to amputate.  
In the mean time let a drachm of Cordial be given the man to keep up his Spirits. If the Operation be on the Leg, let it be about four inches below the Knee; but if in the Thigh or Arm, as low as the wound will permit.  
Together with your Ligature let your assistant gripe hard, and another hold the end: And you with your dismembering Knife divide the Flesh or Muscles round the Bones (if it be possible) at two even strokes.  
You'll now hear sad schreeking, but let nothing daunt you, be resolute in your duty, and encourage your Mates.  
The Flesh divided, let your assistant draw up the Muscles as tort as possible, and let him that holds the other part do the like, that the Bone may be seen, and with your Catling divide the Vessels between the bones (if it is below the Elbow or Knee) and remove the periosteum, that nothing may hinder the saw: Then take off the Limb at as few strokes, and as near the upper part as possible, and let him that holds the end of the Limb have a care that he breaks not the Bone, before the Saw is quite through. This done, throw it in to your Tub of water, at the side of the Platform, till there's an opportunity to heave it and others overboard.  
Some after this make actual Cautry on the ends of the Vessels, (and indeed it were a good way were a man on shore) but by no means do I like fire on a Platform in time of Fight; for I remember in one of the last fights we had with the Hollanders, there came a shot in under water, and beat down my Lighter from before me, and battered things on the Platform. And if such a shot should have struck a fire pan there it would have hazarded the burning of the Ship. A small pledget of fine tow is fittest to be applied to the end of the Bone, and the best Practitioners use it. If it be above the Elbow, or in the Thigh, it is more proper to touch the Marrow than other things. To the mouths of the great Vessels you are to apply Buttons armed with your restrictivum Commune, or (if you fear a violent flowing) with your Potential Cautry, which commonly is that of Calcanth. rubefactum, or if you first dip your Buttons in the Aqua stiptica Vitriola, and then arm them, it is a good way. The Buttons applied, let an assistant hold them on with his finger's ends. Now here some take the Cross-stitch, and some neglect it, because if it is taken superficially, it breaks out and doth no good, and if deep, the Muscles are punctured, which causeth an addition of pain, if not Convulsion.  
For my own part I have often used it, and sometimes have done the work as well without it.  
Now let him that gripes force down his hands, that the Muscles may return over the end of the bone whilst the other hold fast the Buttons to the ends of the Veins; keeping still your Ligature fast, and do you apply a pledget wet in acetum, and armed with restrictive to the end of the stump; and another wet and armed over that, and so large as may reach two inches over the stump; and a strong Cross-bolster upon that, which your assistant must hold fast to; but before you bring the edges fast about, let go your Ligature. And then let your assistant hale up the Cross bolster strongly, and the other force hard with his hand on the applications; and do you with a single Rouler fetch 3 or 4 turns something tort, about the place where the Ligature was. If blood appears, clap an unarmed button on that place, and strip a wet bladder over that to secure the upper things from being bloody: Then bring to another Bolster, and with a long double head Rowler make firm bandage, and be sure at every turn that comes over the end of the stump let your assistants hand be on it to hold it fast to, until you have fastened your Rowler. Then lay the man so to pass, that the stump may be higher than the Body, and wrapped warm with a Garment, and a Pillow under it; but be sure to place him as far off, to the further part of the Platform, as possible; that there may be room for others, and all that you lay after him, let them be laid for advantage; for I have sometimes had my Platform so full of wounded men, that I could not tell how to dispose of more: This done, let him have another Cordial drachm, but have a care of too much, lest it inflame him, and make his blood more fluid: And have an Eye lest his Mesmates come with their bottle, and prejudice him with their kindness, as I have sometimes seen; and so turn your hand to another, and be as expedite in all your operations as possible.  
I have here given you but a touch of this, only to let you know how to behave yourself in time of Fight.  
Anon I'll teach you to prosecute this cure to the end: And then I'll show you how both to begin and end the curing of all other eminent Wounds, or Accidents that usually happen either in an engagement, or at other times at Sea; for if you'll be a Sea-Chirurgeon, such you must expect to meet with, as others have done.    

CHAP. II. Teacheth what is to be done by the Chirurgeon the next day after the Engagement.  
BUT by the way take notice, that it is not fit to open an Amputation under the space of at least three days; nor of other great Wounds where there is danger of an Hemorrhage in less than two days.  
The next morning after the Fight, in the first place provide Victuals for the wounded men: Let your Pot be boiled with Grewel of Oatmeal, Currants, and Spice; and when 'tis ready, let it be sweetened with Sugar, and give thereof to each of them, and let them have it twice a day at least: Then consider what wounds or accidents should be dressed this second day, which are such as are burnt with powder, slight Wounds, and all Bruises or Contusions.  
These being dressed: Think of a vulnerary Drink for the wounded; (especially such as are inwardly bruised, or have penetrating wounds.) Now if a man were ashore, decoctum Traumaticum, or Vulnerarium, Infusus Vulnerarius, or else Spruce Beer, would be very excellent: But you are at Sea, and have not these things, nor can you possibly carry with you so many Herbs, Roots, and Seeds as will make them.  Now, Rec. Syr. de Symphito ℥ i Quintessentia Aristolochia Fabri ʒ i in a draught of warm Ale or Beer is very good: But Sanguis Samphiti ℈ i. Liquor Salis Gemmae. gut iij in a Glass of Malago or Alicant is better, (if not the best in the World. Sperm Caeti ℈ ij. Magisterium Salis gr. vi. in Oleo amygdalarum Dulc. sweetened with fine Sugar, is a good inward Vulnerary. 
These are things that you can carry to Sea with you, and have ready to give a man at an instant. 'Tis true, many of these things are very rich and costly; and 'tis like you expected me to advise you to things of good virtue, and yet of less cost: 'Tis true they are so: but then their Doses are not great; and consider that Life is of more worth than the best of them; besides, if you know any thing more vulgar and of less value, and yet powerful as to the intention, you may use it, I impose not on you; you are at your liberty; only pardon me if I advise you to the best of Medicines, (although never so costly.) And indeed in this case Balm of Gilead (if you had it) were not too good, I know it to be their only Medicine in Syria, Egypt, and Palestine: They take half a spoonful of it at a time, the Christians in a Glass of Wine, and the Mahometans in their Sherbet, when any of them is bruised, or greatly wounded. And the meaner sort boil the fruit of the Tree from whence this comes, and drink the Decoction when they are hurt. It sweats out of the Fruit of the Cedar, and is not much unlike thin Turpentine both in smell, sight, and taste.  
A Merchant in Tripoli in Syria, near Mount Lebanon, shown me, and gave me both of the Balm, and of the Fruit, when as it was new cut, and brought down from the Mountain at what time the Fruit was sweeting out its Balm.  
The Fruit is not much unlike the Spruce buds that we see in New found Land, which sweat out such another substance.  
This day also you must be providing Cradles for the wounded; you must speak to the Commander to order the Carpenter to make them. And in the night time let your Mates take turns, to watch by them, lest any miscarriage should be; but let there be quietness, and as little disturbance as possible, for they will have many Visitors.   

CHAP. III.  
THE second day after the fight, besides your giving men their vulnerary Drink, and dressing the burns and bruises, and slight wounds: See which of the others are costive, or inclining to be Feverish, and give to such an opening, and emollient Clyster to prevent ill things that might ensue.  ℞ Decoctum Com. per Clist. ℥ viij, Electa Len. ℥ ij f. enema. 
This is fittest for your occasion; likewise this day dress all Wounds that you can without fear of their bleeding afresh, which I'll instruct you in anon; but to comply with my promised Method, I'll first show you to prosecute the cure of the Amputated Wound, and in it of all other amputations.   

CHAP. IU. How to prosecute the Cure of the Amputated Wound.  
Imagine the third day after the engagement is now come, you must think of opening your Amputations and most dangerous wounds: Have your Restringent Major, and your Digestivum Commune ready by you. You will need no fomentation this dressing, for that by its heat might cause fresh bleeding.  Your Digestivum Com. make thus, ℞ Terebenth. Mel Angl. Ol. Catulorum Vitel. ovor. ana. pts. equal. Misce. 
These mixed, make an excellent good digestive, which is commonly used. Your restrictives that you applied at first, will now stick very hard; therefore you must have great care and patience in taking them off. When all's off, apply to the ends of the Vessels some of your Restrictive Powder whether they bleed or not; and to the end of the Bone a little Powder of Myrrh on small pledgits of Lint or fine Tow; and over these apply your digestive on pledgits all over the end of the stump; then imbrocate the part about with Oil of Roses, or Hypericon, and so place fit Bolsters, and roll it up for this time.  
Now this second dressing need not to be taken off under two days, unless some accident happen. When you dress it next, all danger of bleeding will be over, and you may prepare your fomentation to help on digestion, and to recollect the dissipated Spirits. For you will find a discolouration about the end of the part, but fear not that; for when by the Fomentation, and Digestivum Commune, Digestion is made, that blackness will vanish. And when you see the end of the part swell much, 'tis so much the better; for the Spirits are returned unto it, and there's less fear of Mortification.  
Your Fomentation usually is, ℞ Herbae Hypericon, Centariae, Absynth. and other Fomentation Herbs, which you always have ready by you in your Drug Chest; decoct two or three handfuls of these in Water, and to the strained Liquor add a good quantity of Spirit of Vinum Commune, (alias Brandy) to make it more strong and lively.  
Have Stuphs of Cotton, or Flannel to wring out of this Liquor, and apply them hot one after one, for a good while together. Then apply to the end of the bone a small pledgit dipped in tincture of Myrrh hot, and likewise bathe the end of the stump therewith, and so lay to your Digestivum Commune on pledgits of fine Tow or Lint. Let your Digestive be moderately warm. When you have digested the Wound sufficiently, and there is no further danger of Gangreen, then leave off the Common Digestive, but keep still to your Stuphs and Tincture; for those will powerfully forward the healing, together with the Vulnerary Drink that I directed in the Second Chapter; and have a care that he drinks not strong Drink to inflame.  
Now Basiticon Minus, and Linamentum Arcei mixed and applied on your Pledgits warm to the Wound is a very proper Medicine, and commonly used; for this both digests and heals: Only let not these touch the end of the Bone, nor yet no Unctions, nor Corrosive thing whatever; but let your small Pledgit dipped in your Tincture of Myrrh, be still next the Bone. For these Unctuous things will suffer the moist Humour to fall on the Bone, and that is it that rots and putrifies the Bone, which the Tincture of Myrrh, or Powder of Myrrh doth prevent. And if the Bone should be foul, by this or the Air, or other accident, 'tis but applying your pulvis Euphorbii. next to the Bone under your other Balsams, and it will delicately scale it. Two or three of these dress will bring off the great stuff, and you'll have your Wound in a hopeful way of Curing.  
Then you may leave of your Unctuous medic. and apply only Balsamum Terebinthine or unguentum Tereb. which will certainly do your work, and heal the Wound as fast as you would have it. And if you took the Cross Stick, you may now cut it and pick it out.  
The later of these although 'tis called unguent. Tereb. yet it has no Oylous or Unctuous ingredient in it. 'Tis thus made.  Rec. Tereb. lb ij, vitel. ovor. No. vj. Mastich. Myrrh. Olibanum ana ℥ j f. ung. 
That is admirable good for healing, and the Balsam is not inferior, for these may be applied to the bone itself.  
After the Eight at Buda, when the Emperor routed the Turks, I saw in Constantinople a Turk that had been wounded there by a brace of Bullets that had been shot through his Arm extremely shattering both bones Vlna and Radius, and this wound after the blood had been staunched, was dressed only with alb. ovorum, and Tereb. Cypr. misce; and for all the shattered bones were not taken out, and it was now two months since the Fight, yet the bones were not in the least foul, nor was there any ill scent, but extraordinary good and laudable digestion, and the wound inclining to heal, but too fast over the lose bones; and (when at the request of a Merchant) I had laid it open, and taken out the splintred ossicles, the Turk healed it himself with that very medicine; it was almost cured before we parted thence, which was about a fortnight after I had laid it open. This I insert only to confirm your confidence in the unguent. or balsam of Terebenth. which must needs be more efficacious than this of the Turks which I have spoke of, considering the ingredients in them added to these. When you have healed it so, as you would have it to cicatrize, than you may at first add to your balsam, desiccatrum rubrum, or diapompholigos; and at last use them alone. For these will dry and skin it to your satisfaction. And mind this, that if in the time of Cure the Patient should at any time turn Feverish, besides administering of Clysters, you must open a Vein.   

CHAP. V How to Cure all dangerous Wounds of the Joints.  
WE'll suppose before you have quite done with your dismembered man, there's brought down another, wounded in the Knee, with a Musket Bullet. The Veins, Arteries; and Nerves are wounded, and the Cartilages and Bones shattered, and the Bullet sticking in. This is a very dangerous Wound, with intolerable pain, and a violent efflux of Blood. Here two designs immediately offer; the one to extract the shot and shattered Bones, and the other to stop the Blood.  
Here the latter is first to be executed lest the man bleed to Death whilst you are doing the other. Your way is to make strong Ligature about the Thigh, so that the blood shall not descend (at leastwise in any great quantity). If such a Wound should happen in the joint of the Hip, where such Ligation cannot be made, it were much more dangerous.  
When you have made your Ligature as hard as if it were for dismembering, then with your probe feel for the shot, and with your Forceps or Terebellum extract it. But if it is near through on the further side, Clap a flat pointed strong Probe to it, and with your incision Knife cut it out, thrusting it with your Probe; but be tender of the Vessels, or Nerves, and get the splintered Bones out in like manner; for if you should not do this now whilst the man is hot, (which must of necessity be done) you'll but very ill do it hereafter. If there be some small extramosities that should escape you now, 'tis no great matter, you need not spend over much time (which now is precious) they will come to hand at another dressing. And if it were a shot that should stay in, if it were a Musculous part, provided the shot were round & not chawed nor jaged, it would not be at all the more dangerous. For I have known when such a Bullet could not be got out, that it hath of itself by its own weight made way lower and lower, to a depending part, where it hath appeared through the skin, and there hath been cut out, and hath healed after it all along as it hath descended; this happened to one of our Seamen, when we had Wars with Algiers, and fought before Tedellis in Barbary.  
This done, dip your Dorcells in your aqua stiptica, squeeze them, then arm them with your Restringent, and fill the Wound with them; but let no hard Tents be applied among the Joints, neither here nor in any other. Apply good Bolsters and make good Bandage, and so give this a Cordial drachm, and lay him by the other; for this is all what can be done at this time, and this wound ought not to be opened in less time than two days, unless accidents enforce you.  
The next dressing be cautious how you apply your Fomentation, lest it should cause fresh bleeding; but let your digestive have powder of Saffron mixed with it, and let it be applied on Dorcells into the Wound, then will your digestive be not only suppurative, but also anodine, which is an intention which this Wound extremely requires, as also prevention of other accidents; as Convulsion of the Nerves, Contraction of the Muscles and Fever.  
Now as your digestive it in the Wounds so all about the Wound let your Emplast. diasulphuris Rulandi be applied, for that is the most excellent that is yet known for all Wounds of the Joints, and Nervous parts.  
And let there be a strong defensive about the Thigh.  ℞ Your pulv. restr. minor with acetum; alb. ovor. and oleum Rosarum, misce. 
This is a good defensive; and mind this, That when you apply your digestive into the Wound, let either the Balsam or Unguent of Terebinthina be applied next the Bone. This manner of Dressing should be used till digestion is effected. And as soon as there is no danger of Bleeding, let your hot and comfortable Fomentation be used, and let your Wound Drink be given inwardly; and let his body be kept open by Clysters as is taught in the amputated Wound.  
Your Wound Drink is, ℞ Pulu. ad Casum, ʒ jss. and sweat on it, either Syr. de symphito ℥ ij, or Sanguis symphiti ssj, or Quint. aristoloch fabri ʒ ij.  
Any of the three given in a Glass of Beer, Ale or Wine, first in the Morning, and last at Night, either alone or mixed together, and Dosed proportionably, nothing under the Heavens, is (unless Balm of Gilead) more powerful as to this intention. When you see it begin to suppurate, then apply Balsamum Sulphuris, or Balsaminae to the Nervous parts, for those are the chief of Medicines in that behalf, but let either the Balsam or unguent of Tereb. be next, or among the Bones; and let every thing be applied hot and comfortable. And let warm Tinctura Myrrhae be your Lotion, and the Emplastr. diasulphuris Rulandi be still applied warm and cherishing all about the Joint and Part.  
This (I am confirmed) you'll find to be an excellent method of curing Wounds of the Joints and Nervous parts.   

CHAP. VI How to Cure a Compound Fracture, and Dislocation together.  
BY this time let us imagine another is lowered down to you, who being up aloft knotting the Rigging, a shot came and carried the Rope from under his Feet that he stood upon, and he fell down upon the Deck; and dislocated his Shoulder-Bone, and fractured the Os Brachium, so that the end of one part of the Bone comes through the Flesh and Skin over the other.  
This is a notable Accident, and 'tis impossible but that this man must be much bruised inwardly by the fall also.  
Your way is to let his Clothes be immediately ripped off, and seeing how the Case stands, give him immediately a Cordial dram, to revive his Spirits; and then make way to reduce the dislocated Joint; after embrocate about it with Oleum Rosarum, and clap about it a good Warm Cerecloth of Oxycroceum. Let there be a good Bolster placed under the Armpit, and firm and decent rolling.  
Next go in hand with your compound Fracture, which will be the more difficult to reduce, because of the new Located Joint. Now all dislocations and fractures are reduced either by a slight and sudden Motion, or by a more strong Extension. The joint of the Shoulder might ('tis like) be done by the former; but this kind of Fracture will require the latter. There must be a powerful extension of this Fracture, because the Ends of the Bones are one over the other. Therefore he that holds the upper part, had need of a good Machine, or Bandage to hold fast by, against him that extends the other way, that he may secure the Shoulder-joynt.  
'Tis like too that the Wound may not be wide enough to let the head of the Bone easily return, than you must make incision, but have a care of the Vessels.  
When the ends of the Bones are evenly placed, embrocate about the part with Oleum Rosar. and into the Wound apply a small dorcel of Tincture of Myrrh next the Bone, and on that your digestive on another dorcel; and over all a large Restrictive of ℞ Bolus verus, Sang. Drac. Mastich, and Oliban. ana parts equal, alb. Ovor. & acetum vini, q. s. misce, f. Cataplasm. Let it be spread thick on a double cloth, and applied all about, except on the wound; but on the wound leave a spare place cut out, that it may be come at to be dressed: Place on this another bolster wrung out of Acetum, but a spare place likewise in it, that the wound may be come at; then a soft Rouler to come several turns about it, and every valve as it comes over the wound cut; not to the sides (because they may hold fast) but in the middle; on this place a small, but thick bolster on the wound, that may answer the wanting valves. This done, make the smallest part equal to the biggest, with soft bolsters; so place thereon broad and hollow splints opposite to the wound, and on each side it, but not on it; the which let be decently bound on with Tape from joint to joint, yet not to touch the Joint so as to hurt it; nor yet so hard as to cause ill accidents to the wound and fracture. So let his Clothes be put about him, and open a vein in the other Arm, because of his inward contusion; that it may hinder the coagulation of the blood. Lay this by the rest for this time, and when you see occasion, give him of the wound drink as you do the others. You must note, if this had been but a simple fracture, you must on the single Rouler, and over all have made use of two Roulers more; the one must have begun with two or three turns about the fracture, and you must then have rolled upwards, with the valves something close, to anticipate a defluxion of humours, and the other after two or three turns about the fracture must have been lead downwards with the valves more open, and after turned a cross at the lower Joint, and so rolled up again to the other; there to end; and see the Arm made even with Bolsters, and the Splints applied, this should not be removed under 6 or 7 days, unless accidents urged; and if heat or pain should, than it were but undoing it carefully, and bathing it with warm water; and then aplying an Oxicrocium Cerecloth about it, and so roll it up again, and let it remain: But this Compound Fracture admits of no such rolling; but there must be much more care and trouble about it.  
The next dressing of your Compound wound; which must not be under two (if not three) days time: You must take off all to the single Rouler, but let it, and all under it remain longer, (unless some accidents have happened) Take off the small bolster of the wound, and take out the Dorcels: Let all be done with great care and gentleness, lest you displace what you before reduced. Cleanse the wound with hot Tincture of Myrrhae, then drop into it hot Balsam of Terebenth, and apply dorcels into it dipped in the same; on these a bolster, and so make it up again as it was before. Use this manner of dressing till accidents, or time cause you to take off the restrictive  
When you take it off, bathe it, and stuph it well with your hot Fomentation, but have a care of displacing the Fracture; then apply an Oxicrocium Plaster warm all over, only on the wound let it be cut as the restrictive before was; and this will help on a Callous, and the Bone to cement, and is an approved thing for Fractures, and very Anodine; then let it be made up in every respect as it was before, and continue this manner of dressing to the end: And when you can with safety, you may take off the Cerecloth from the Shoulder, and bathe and stuph that well and hot to strengthen it, and so apply another Oxicrocium Cerecloth to it again.  
Be sure in such cures as these, to keep a cool and open Body, and breathe a Vein, not only once, but oftener.   

CHAP. VII. How to cure a wound of the Head, with a Fracture of the Skull.  
ANother comes down with his Head wounded, and Scul fractured, which often happens in time of Fight, by a small Shot or Splinter: I met with several such in the last Holland Wars: Some the Cutis Muscula, not only much wounded, but the Skull fractured, so as the Dura matter hath been bare. Others again have had but a slight wound of the outer part, but the Skull hath had a small Fracture or Fissure; and this latter is worse than the former.  
The former you see fairly, and by dilating a little with your Incision Knife of the Scalp wider than the Wound, you easily take out any lose Splinters that might prick the meanings:  
But the latter, When you have laid bare the Skull, (the which it is not safe to neglect, upon the least symptoms) you will scarcely see at this time if there be a Fracture or no: For indeed some have not immediately their Speech taken away, nor yet Vomit, nor Bleed at the Ears or Mouth, nor (whilst they are hot) have such signs of a Fracture as other some have.  
However the best way is, If you have but any suspicion, to lay the Bone bore, and the worst that can fall by that, is but healing it again, if there be not a Fracture; but if there should be one, the neglect thereof were dangerous.  
Shave the Head (at least ways a convenient breadth about the wound) that nothing may hinder your Applications, but that you may decently dress it: Whether it is the greater or lesser Fracture, if it hath done bleeding, dress it with hot Tincture of Myrrhae on Dorcels, especially next the bone; but if it bleeds much, apply on the Dorsel of Tincture your, Restrictive on other Dorsels, and over all, when you have imbrocated all about with Oil of Roses, or Hypericon; apply a thick double Bolster, and so make good bandage for the present, and let him not drink Brandy, nor other liquor that will inflame.  
The next dressing, whether it be the first or second day after this, have your Stuphs ready to wring out of hot Spirit of Wine, and apply them.  
You'll find now not only by Symptoms, but you will likewise see (if you look diligently,) whether there is a Fracture or no; if there be, and the man hath grievous pain of his Head, and redness of Eyes, Vomits, spits Blood, 'tis a sign that the brain is concussed, and the contused blood would have vent, and hath not by reason of the smallness of the Fracture.  
To do this;  
Having with your Sculpra removed the Pericranium clearly, apply the Traphine, Let it be, (if it can) something beneath the Fracture, that the blood may be better evacuated.  
When you are through the first Table, take out your Pin, and then work gently through the second; but with a steady hand, and great care, lest the teeth of the Traphine should tear the Dura Mater. When you are almost through, try if the small piece in the hallow of the Traphine be lose, if it is, than the Teeth are just through: Now have a care of the meanings, and take out the piece; but mind that you apply not your Traphine on the temporal Bones, Sutures, or Sinciput; and with your Lenticula smooth the Perforation, and when with fine Lint or Tow you have cleansed the work, place a smooth lawn Cylendula, dipped in warm Tincture of Myrrh between the Dura Mater, and the other applications. Or this, Let small fine Dorcels be dipped in the same Tincture, and applied, filling the wound of the Bone therewith. But to the rest of the wound on that, Balsamum Terebinthinae is the fittest Medicine, let it be applied warm on Dorsels, and on it, and over all the head, when it hath been imbrocated with warm Oil of Roses, or Hypericon, let a Plaster of Paracelsus, or Betonica be warm applied, then clap a good double Bolster over the wound, with a plate, or broad piece of silver in it, to hinder that the Dura Mater swell not out of the Scull, (for it will be apt to tumify:) Let there be a warm double cloth about all the head, and with a double head rouler make smooth and decent head rolling; and let him be laid as free from noise as possible, which is very hard to do in a ship. The same manner of dressing, (the Traphine only excepted) is to be used in the greater fracture: If there be some asperities and unevenness in the edges of the bone, be cautious how you use your capital Instrument (as Raspitory, File, Saw, or the like) with them, and great care you may do good; but with this method of dressing, as I directed, you'll find the bone to exfoliate itself to your satisfaction in a little time.  
When the Brain and meanings are well, and the fissure Cements with a Callous, and the perforation, or great Fracture do heal up with a substance, than you may leave off the Cylendula, and after washing the Wound with your Tincture, apply the Balsam only into it, or at least Lineament arcei, and so the rest as before: But mind in this, and all such wounds to open a Vein often, and keep the Body open by Clysters, and let your wound drink be given him; either of the three Medicines in the last Chap. or Pulu. ad Casum: ʒi ss. at a time in Beer, Ale, or Wine, either alone, or mixed with Syr. Myrtles, causing the Patient to sweat upon it.   

CHAP. VIII. How to Cure Wounds of the Abdomen and Ruptures.  
ANother by a Splinter hath the rim of his belly dilacerated, insomuch as that the Omentum appears, and the wound is large. This is a dangerous Wound also: Here you must immediately make firm stitching, (and the same you must do if it were any deep incised Wound.) Let it be with a delicate slender Needle, not too burly, armed with strong double silk, drawn through your Paracelsus, or other plaster, as if it were Wax. Let not your stitches be too close, but that there may be room for the blood or matter to come forth, especially in the depending part: This done, foment it hot with common Spirit of Wine, and then having some of your Restrictive mixed with Oil of Myrtles, apply it on a double cloth, and so make good rolling, giving him a Cordial, and lay him for present by the others; and see you give him of the Vulnerary drink, either of the Symphitum; or Aristolach, or Pulvis ad Casum mentioned in the last Chapter; and now if Liquor Salis gemae, gut. iij. or iiij. be added in the drink, it will be much the better; for it is a great secret in wounds and Ruptures of the Belly. When you dress it again, be sure you bathe and stuph it well and hot; first with your fomentation, and then with Liquor seu Balsamum saelis gemae, and Tincture of Myrrh. Now to digest this wound, as also to heal and preserve it from gangrene, use Balsamum Vulnerarium Salmonis; (or Balsammae, with oil of Wax:) or Balsamum Hispanicum; let it be laid on thick, and hot on Dorcels; and let Emplastrum diasulphuris rulandi, or Paracelsus, or ad herniam Schrod. be applied hot and large over it, to comfort the whole Abdomen; and all the dress following stuph it well with hot Tincture of Myrrh, for that is a sovereign Medicine. See that his body is kept soluble with Clysters of decoct Com. pro Clyst. Cum Electo Len. and let him blood, if any thing of a Fever appears.  
Were there a Rupture without a Wound by lifting of a Gun, or other weight: Then the place ought to be stuffed well with your vulnerary fomentation, and then with Balsamum salis Gemae, then Emplastrum ad herniam Schroderi malaxed with a little oil of Wax, and so good bolster and rolling  
If the Caul should fall into the Scrotum, together with this, there should be a Truss, which together with the Rupture drink of Sang. Symp. ℈ j and iij or iiij drops of Liquor salis Gemae, in Ale, or Wine, or the others.   

CHAP. IX. How to Cure a penetrating Wound of the Breast, and Ribs, or Back.  
ANother in boarding of the Enemy has a Pike run in at his Breast, and goes slanting among his Ribs, but misseth the Vitals: This is another dangerous wound.  
First give the man a Cordial to revive his Spirits; then having searched gently which way the wound goeth, dip a small tent in Aqua stiptica Vitrioli, and the glare of an Egg beaten together, this will stop the bleeding powerfully: Have great care lest your Tent should touch the Vitals, and let it be but slender, a bolster squeezed out of the same Liquor, and applied: This wound must be kept open by all means, otherwise it will quickly heal outwardly, and there will be an Empyema inwardly; and when you dress it next, wash it with Tincture of Myrrhae, and quint. aristoloch. fabri, with a Syringe, but let the Patient be placed so, as the wound may be lowest, that what is syringed into it; as also the matter may come forth of it, and let him lie so in his  or Cradle. Let the Tents be armed with Balsam Vulnerum salmon, anoint all the region of the breast, with oil of hypericon, and apply all over a good warm Emplaster of Paracelsi: This is the right way to digest and heal this kind of wound; but mind if it runs much matter, and yet offers to heal too fast outwardly: Then keep it open whatever you do, until the bottom is first well healed. Here the wound drink must be observed, Clysters likewise, and Phlebotomy, for in all penetrating Wounds and bruises, I expect the inward vulneraries to do as much towards the cure, as the external applications.   

CHAP. X. How to Cure a Wound by a small shot, through a Fleshy, or Musculous part.  
IF the Bullet is not through, yet almost through, you are taught how to cut it out in the Fifth Chapter, or else how to extract it. This I look upon as an ordinary Wound, although never so deep: I'll imagine the shot went in through the thick of the Thigh, a little below the Groin, and out (or cut out) in the hinder part of the hip. You are first to stop the Blood, Take a couple of Tents dipped in Aqua stiptica, and then rolled in your restringent Powder, and put one in at the one Orifice, and the other at the other; and let them be so long, as almost to meet, but not quite; and if but one Tent, let it not be so long as the wound is deep, and as the wound heals, make your Tent shorter by degrees, and apply about the Thigh your Restrictive Communis, mentioned in the Fifth Chapter, or Diapalma Malaxed, with oil of Roses. When you dress this wound next, use your Common Digestive, or your Tents; only stuph it well with your fomentation, and let Tinctura Myrrhae be your lotion, which inject with your Syringe. When there is good Digestion, then Basilicon minus for a while on you r Tents, and at last Linimentum arcei, making your Tents shorter and shorter as the wound heals: You will know how it incarns by a reddish speck, which you will see on the end of your Tent when you take it out, and on all the rest of the Tent pure quitter. If this man be feverish, you may open a Vein in the time of his cure; and if costive, give him Clysters; and to facilitate his Cure, let him have of the wound Drink.   

CHAP. XI. How to Cure a Wound of the Fleshy Parts, with loss of substance.  
NOW I'll suppose a Man has a great part of the Galf of his Leg carried away by a great shot. Here first you take thick Dorsels or Pledgits, and squeeze them out of aqua stiptica vitrioli, then arm them either with your restrictive ready mixed, or with restringent powder alone; You apply these, and good Bolster and Rouler at present, laying him with the part higher than the Body.  
Next dressing it will not be proper to use the hot Fomentation, for 'tis like there is an aptness to bleed: But let your common digestive be applied, and a defensive, of Diach. Sym. & Ol. Ros. all about and above the wound. When you have the blood securely stopped, let Tincture de Myrhae be your Lotion, and the next dressing your Fomentation must be applied hot, to recall the Spirits back, for it's much if you do not see a miss of them.  
If either the shot has grazed on the bone, or the flesh is so carried away that the bone is seen; let Unguent Terebinth. be applied next it, but to the rest (when 'tis well digested) Basilicon; and when you would have it incarn faster, Diapompholigos' mixed; or Balsamum Vulnerarium, which is excellent.  
If spongious flesh arise, you may correct it with Merc. praecipitatum, or Alumen Vstivum, or wash the wound with Liquor Salutis, or Liquor Vulnerarius Schroderi, mixed with a sufficient quantity of Spiritus vini vitriolati, will make firm and speedy healing. Let both Clysters, wound drink, and Phlebotomy be minded here likewise, and then the wound will heal more speedily and kindly.  
You are taught in the Chapter of an Amputated Wound, how to bring it to a Cicatrize.   

CHAP. XII. How to Cure a deep incised Wound.  
ADmit a man has got a great cut on the Face with a Backsword or Cutlis, so that the fleshy part of his Cheek hangs down; you are immediately to stitch this wound, and being it's in the Face, close the Lips of it very even: Let your Needle be fine and slender, that there may not be an ugly scar afterward.  
The best thing to lay first to this wound when 'tis stitched, is Pulvis Thuraloes cum Pilis Leporinis, minutissimum incisorum mixed with the glare of an egg, and applied on fine Lint or Tow, let it stick on till it comes off itself: But if it has done bleeding, wash it well with Wine, or Spirit of Wine, and apply Balsamum Hispanicum fabricii, or that of Dr. Salmon, and lay a Paracelsus Plaster over all, and a good Bolster, and so roll it up decently. This latter will go nigh to heal the wound at a dressing by agglutination.   

CHAP. XIII .. How to Cure great and deep Contusions, or Bruises, without, any eminent Wound, and sprains of the Joints.  
IF a Man hath got a bruise, and it is but superficial, whether of the Limbs or any other part, 'tis cured by embrocating hot, and often with Oil of Hypericon, and applying a Paracelsus, or Opodeldoch Plaster. But if it is deep, and the Vessels distorted, and the Muscles bruised and writhe, so that there is blood lying deep between the Muscles 'tis dangerous.  
I saw such a thing before Tripoli in Barbary, when we had wars with that place. A Ship coming to an Anchor, and the Cable running out, a Kink therein happened to disaster a Man's Leg, in this manner: The Chirurgeon Embrocated it with good Oils, and applied good Emplasters to it, but for all that the blood that was forced out of the Vessels lay deep, and it could not be discussed, but waxed worse, and in four days time Gangrened; the Chirurgeon seeing that, sent for other Chirurgeons (and me among the rest) on board, but whilst we were making ready to amputate it, the Man died. In such a case as this, let blood as soon as you have Embrocated it with hot Oil of Hypericon, and applied your Emplaster, both about the contused Muscles, and likewise about the distorted or sprained Joint, and be sure that you make plentiful Phlebotomy, for that will be a great help; and let the wound-drink be drank plentifully, and that is another good help.  and stuff the part well and hot (likewise) with spiritus vini communis, let this be done often, and let your hot Oil and Emplaster be not only once a day (as is usual) but if you mean to save a man's Life or Limb, let them be often applied.  
If you find for all this, that the pain increases, and the Tumour likewise, then endeavour to bring it to maturation as soon as possible, for if you cannot do this, there will be a Gangrene, (especially if it be sultry Wether, as I remember was then at Tripoli.) Now use no repellents, nor any thing to cool inflammation, but apply this maturative Cataplasm following, ℞ Unguent. Basilic. Major. de Muslagin. Empl. melilot symp. q. s. misce. fiat Cataplasma.  
There is no Cataplasm whatever more excellent than this to bring any manner of Tumour to digestion; besides, 'tis made in an instant. Continue the repeating of this hot Cataplasm, till you see the Tumour rise fairly for a head; and when you see its ready, stay not for its breaking, but open it by incision, in the depending part to let out the abundance of gory matter, that it foul not the Bone, or a Gangrene seize inwardly. When it has run well, cleanse it with that excellent Lotion, Spiritus vini vitriolati. Or if it putrified about the Bone, Tincture of Myrrh syringed into it is excellent. And on your Dorcels or Tents, Balsamum vulnerarium Salmonis is now very proper; and over all a diach. plaster or deminum malaxed with Oil of Roses is now of good use. But let the spreined joint be still embrocated with Oleum excestrense, or Hypericon, and an Oxicrocium Seercloth applied warm about it.   

CHAP. XIV. How to Cure a Gangrene.  
BUT if for all this it would not digest, but a Gangrene happens, then immediately make deep scarification all over; (only have a care of the Nerves) and let out the clotted Blood in abundance.  
Then foment it with a strong Lixivium, made of Wood ashes, in which decoct your Fomentation herbs, then add a sufficient quantity of Spirit of Wine, and as much Sal armoniacum, and common Salt, as will make it as strong as pickle.  
Foment with this hot and long, which will get out the Blood, and prepare for the other Medicines.  ℞ Lixivium Capitalis, and spiritus vitrioli seu sulphuris. 
Heat them, and with your armed probe, dipped in them, touch the scarifications to the very bottom. And be sure you have scarified as far as the part is Gangrened. And over this apply Pledgets armed with hot Egyptiacum, and Spirit of Wine, and Ol. Guaiac. misce, and so do it up. This will make him feel if he has any feeling in it, and you need dress thus but once, for it will cause a thick and deep Esker or hard Scurff; and stop the proceeding of the Gangrene. And give him inwardly such Medicines as will conduce to stop a Gangrene, and oppose all Venom or Poison that may infect the Blood.  ℞ Thriac Lond. nov. ʒ ij in a Glass of Wine, and let him sweat upon it is excellent. 
Nothing is more powerful in this Case than this is.  
Next dressing, let your hot Lixivium still be applied; and apply on your Pledgets only hot Basilicon, to soften and get of the Esker, at two or three dress you'll see it to digest, and the dead to separate from the quick. And let not Phlebotomy be wanting, nor Clysters if you see occasion. It would scare a man to see what an ugly black scurff is on it, but by thus dressing of it, you will see it first part or open a little about the sides between the dead part and the living; and at last come all off together with digestion under it. Then Aqua Phagadenica is an excellent Lotion. And Liquor Salutis, or Vulnerarium Scroderi; with oleum Guaicum, and spirit of Wine applied hot on Dorcels will heal it to admiration. But if it is turned to a Sphasulus, nothing stops it but Amputation.   

CHAP. XV. How to Cure Burns or Scalds.  
IT falls out often that either by a Cartridge of powder or otherwise, men are in a Fight lamentably burned. I have known some so burned that the very Nerves and Tendons have shrunk; causing great Inflammations, Fevers and other grievous Symptoms. For whatever part of the Body that happens unto, it dries up the moisture of that part. Causing (if the burn be great) an Escar with intolerable pain.  
You have at present a twofold scope to endeavour, that is, to fetch out the burning, and ease the pain.  
First anoint him all over where the burning is, with ℞ Alb ovor. and Oil of Roses and Lini, beaten together.  
Then on soft Cloth spread unguent. & alb. populion; misce.  
Let it be thick spread and often dressed, for this is a sore that will soon dry up the Humidity of the Medicines, and if Blisters arise, cut them, that the hot and scalding water may not ulcerate deeper under them. Let this kind of dressing be used till the fire's out, but as soon as you perceive the heat to mitigate, have a care how you apply too cooling things to it any longer, for fear of a Gangrene, but now endeavour digestion.  
Unguent. Basilicon Minus either alone, or mixed with Balsamum Balsaminae is the fittest Medicine.  
Be sure here to mind the man's body, for heat will make him Costive; give him Clysters, and let him blood (if the burn be deep) for he will be Feverish. When you see it digests, then ℞ Oleum Cerae, Lini, & ex vitel, ovor. misce; are an excellent Balsam.  
Or Balsamum Balsaminae and spirit Guaiac. misce, will infallibly cure although the Nerves are contracted. If the face be burned, pick out the Corns of powder with your Needle, some each dressing. And mind this, that in these  Ulcers, you bind not too hard, but let things lie easy on, and when you anoint, let it be with a Feather.   

CHAP. XVI. How to Cure a violent Bleeding at Nose.  
IT comes often that men are taken with a violent bleeding at Nose. Divers ways men have used to stop it, and that which has stopped one man's bleeding has not stopped another's. Some apply wet Clothes dipped in acetum to the Privities, others make Ligature about the Joints; some apply cold Iron to the neck, and others stop the Nose with restringent Dorcels.  
Now the Veins are eroded within the Os Cribratum, so that your Tent will not come to touch the place, and the other means do often fail. When you have filled his Nostril with the Dorcel, the blood comes into the Mouth through the infundibulum, insomuch as he will spit it out at the Mouth.  
Now your way is, to let the Patient forcibly snuff up his Nostril, Aqua stiptica Vitrioli, and by that it will go to the eroded place. Let him do this often, then put up a Dorcel dipped in the same; not too hard, to fill up the Nostril, but wet so as he may snuff the water at the end of the dorcel, and so let the dorcel stay there. And in the mean time, let him blood to make revulsion, and by this means it will stop. But for the better security, let him drink this following; ℞ Aqua Papaveris. syr. mirtinorum ana ℥ ij, aqua stiptica Vitrioli gut. xx. Tinctura papaveris & Hyosciami, balsam. Phylosophorum, ana gut. vj. fiat potus.  
Any one of these afore-named Medicines (especially the aqua stiptica vitrioli) in Poppy-water is very powerful of itself to stop the bleeding, (if you have not them all) you may give of it per se to xxx drops.  
A Bolus of Thriac Lond. Novaʒj with Sanguis symphiti ℈ j, is likewise approved. Some apply this acollemata to the Frons and Temples.  ℞ Bol ver. sang. drac. Calx, thus, Mastic ana parts equal, decoct them. Then add farina Ovab. q. s. to make it into a Catap. in fine beat Vitelli Ou. Cum Ol. myrtinor. misce. 
Spread this thick and apply it, it powerfully stops blood not only at Nose, but likewise any other part; and dissolves blood and dries it up, that is gathered into any part by a Fall or Bruise.   

CHAP. XVII. How to Cure a Rheumatisme.  
THis Distemper called a Rheumatisme, I have often observed Seamen to be afflicted with in ships that I have been in: 'Tis like the Gout, but not the Gout; it siezeth about the Joints of the Feet, or Hands, or both; and if a flatulent vapour be stirred up with it, it shifts out of one joint to another, and is called the running Gout: There is sometimes a light readness, with small Tumour, and swollen Veins about the Joints that it siezeth.  
He that hath it, hath lamentable pain and misery, especially in the night. It never is seen to break, (although I believe by ill handling it would) for I saw the Gout broke under a Gentleman's foot by the application of Cataplasms; and together with the virulent matter, there came forth like white seeds in abundance, harder than the matter; by which a man may see what a prodigious humour the Gout is of.  
I could never find that Purging, or Sweeting would do any good in this disease, but rather exasperate it; and drinking of Wine is an Enemy to it; for most of them that I have seen have it, have got it by drinking over much raw Wine, and then lying down in the cold to sleep, whence the Humours plethoric have not had that expiration through the pores of the skin as they should, and the humours could not receive the third concoction for want of heat; so Nature expels the raw humour to the outward or extreme parts: And at the Joints the Crude humours make a stop, and the blood makes not so good a circulation as it should: This than is a Rheumatisme.  
Now bleeding is the principal remedy in this grief, not only once but often, and a good large quantity at a time. The best of Oils or Ointments, whether hot or cold, I could never find to do any good; and Emplasters have signified as much as nothing.  the part well with Liquor antipodagricus Minsichti, or aqu. Arthritica Quercitani: Then embrocate it with the quintessence of Colocynthidos fabri, and Antimony. I say, with the often bathing and chase in of these Medicines, and frequent use of Phlebotomy; and when pain is insufferable, taking inwardly five or six grains of that excellent Nepenthae.  ℞ Quintessentia Papaveris & Hyosciami, in a little Ale, or common Water. 
There will be present ease, and speedy cure; so if a man hath a fit of the Gout or Sciatica on board, although he doth not expect you to cure him, yet he would be glad of ease if you can give it him; and you have no better way than this to do it.   

CHAP. XVIII. How to Cure settled Pains in any part, Old Aches from former Bruises, Cramp, stifness of Sinews and Cricks in the Back, numbness of the Limbs and Joints.  
MEn often at Sea complain to you of these things, especially in cold Climates, and against bad Wether, and will ask you for something of an Oil or Cerecloth to ease them.  
If it be Cold, Cramp, Numbness, sweat them well, with Mithridate, or Venus' Treacle: Then foment the grieved part with hot Spiritus vini Communis, and Oil of Sulphur; for these will certainly give relief. If it be a Crick in the back, or old bruises, after this, embrocate well with Oleum excestrence, or Lumbricorum, and then Emplastrum de galbano Crocato laid warm on, is the best means that can be used; and for stiffness of the sinews, Oleum Vulpinum, or Unguent Martiatum, have not their fellows: Or, that Liquor Antipodagricus bathed on any part, or for any pain hot, and a stuph wrung out of it laid often on, assuredly doth your work.   

CHAP. XIX. How to Cure the Squinzie.  
SEamen are afflicted with this Disease as well as those at Land; it is an inflammation of the Muscles of the Throat, with Tumour both outward and inward: 'Tis a distemper of Plethory, and suffocates a man in a little time, if not remedied. Here bleeding is immediately required, first under the Tongue, then in the Jugulers or Arm, and let it be frequently celebrated, and a considerable quantity; for this is a main thing in this Cure. Together with bleeding, either keep the Body open with Clysters: As,  
The Common Decoction, and Lenitivum, or Tinctura solutiva ℥ j inwardly, which is an excellent Medicine for that purpose.  
Externally bathe it well with acetum vini albi, wherein Sal prunellae, salarmoniacum, Alumen Crudum are dissolved, and some drops of Oil of Sulphur, or Vitriol are mixed: Add to some of this Syrup Diamoron, and gargoyle it in the mouth often, and it will abate the inward Tumour and Inflammation of the Tonseils and Throat, then apply Emplastrum Hyrundinis to the outward Tumour: 'Tis this, ℞ Nido Hirund, alb. Graecum ana ℥ j figs, dates, ana Nᵒ 3. flor Chamo. pulv. Lini, & fenug. ana ʒ vj. decoct in aqu. Com. then add Unguent. dealthea ℥ ij. Oil violar. ℥ j Croc. Angl. ℈ j Vitelli Ou. Nᵒ 1. f. Cataplasma  
This, with the Gargarism, and Lotion, and Phlebotomy, cures the greatest Squinzy.   

CHAP. XX. To Cure the Relaxation of the Wula's and Amygdalas.  
SOmetimes by cold men have their Almonds of the Ears down, and their Collumella relaxed by a moist Rheum distilling on them from the Brain. The best way to cure this, is to sweat the man well, to dry up that Rheum that descends: A dram or two of Lon. Treacle in a glass of Wine is a good Medicine, and let him wrap his Stockings about his neck, and keep his head warm, and sweat when he is turned in. Some blow restringent powder upon the Uuula, with their Uuula Spoon; others dip their wet Thumb in powder of Pepper, and stroke on them; but the best way is to make a Gargoyle, with lign. Guaic. in pure white Wine, and gargoyle often with it; and put some Spirit of Guaicum in your Uuula Spoon, and blow it forcibly on the Amygdals and Uuula, for these will powerfully dry and constringe: When this is done, then stroking them up gently with the hands outwardly, is very serviceable. If any bone, or other thing stick in the throat and cannot be extracted with the forceps, it must be thrust down with your Instrument of Whalebone, with a small pellet of sponge fastened to the end of it.   

CHAP. XXI. To Cure the Toothache.  
THE Quintessenses of Cloves and Colocynthis, are great arcanums as to the Toothache: But Ol. Odontalgicum Salmonis is now found the best of all. A small Pellit of Lint dipped therein, and put into the Tooth, with your phlegm. It causes the Rheum to fall away, and the Teeth to leave aching: If it be a cold Rheum, you would do well to sweat the Man, with Lond. Thriac. If hot, a grain of laud given inwardly, doth a great deal of good, and let him lay down his head, but hollow, and rotten Teeth are best drawn out.   

CHAP. XXII. Of Opthalmias, or Suffusions; and Pearls on the Eyes.  
AN Opthalmia is a Disease wherein the eyes, either one or both have a Rheum descended into them of Blood and Choler, whence Pin, Web, Film, or Pearl generally comes.  
There is Liquor Opthalmicus, & Aqua Opthalmica Schroderi, are excellent Eye-waters. But that Aqua Opthalmica Salmoniana is most approved of now: It doth not only cure all manner of Rheumatic and bloodshot eyes, and dry up their Sores, but takes off Pearls and Films, by washing the Eyes therewith, 'Tis good here to let blood, if it be of Plethory, but if of Cacochymia to purge the head with Pill extractum rudijʒss. Some help to divert the rheum by blisters behind the ears, and in the Neck: Others make a Seaton in the Neck. Unguentum Tutiae mixed with Diapompholigos, and applied on Linen double clothes to the Eyes all Night, and washed off in the Morning with white Rose water, doth greatly help to cure the Eyes.   

CHAP. XXIII. Deafness, stoppage of the Ears, Pain, and Imposthume.  
IF the Deafness be not Natural, but come accidentally, and yet there be no stoppage by earwax, than spirit Otalgicus dropped warm into the Ears morning and evening, and Muskified Cotton after it, is the best of Remedies: But if the Ear be stopped with hard wax, than put oil of Camomile into it two or three times a day, for 2 or 3 days: At last take warm White Wine, and syringe it often and forcibly into the Ear, and there will come forth a lump of hard Wax out of the auditory passage; then stop the Ear with the Spiritus Otalgicus, and Muskified Cotton, as before: If there be an imposthume, than Balsamus Polychrestus mynsichti, is of excellent use dropped into the Ear, and Cotton after it: giving inwardly, Antimo. Diaphoreticum cum Tartar, gr. x, or xv, given in Spirit of Guaicum for three or four days together.   

CHAP. XXIV. Of the Piles, and Procedentia Ani.  
THE Piles is a troublesome thing, and painful, so that a man cannot do his labour but in misery.  
It is a benefit of Nature, and is not to be expected to be cured so as never to return, especially whilst a man is in his man's estate, and full of Blood.  
The best way is to make the Body open and laxative, that there may be no straining with Tinctura solutiva, or Syr. rosarum solu. ℥ j or two: After this, either Vnguentum Hemorhoidalae, or Oleum Scrophulariae, are excellent Medicines; but Oleum Succinum anointed on never fails, you may mix it with Oleum Lini. Inwardly xx or xxx drops of Aqua st ptica vitrioli in warm Wine or Poppy-water is very prevalent. If the Anus be proceeded, bathe it with warm Wine, then strew flower of Mastic on it, and return it, and bind it so as it may take a habit to stay up.   

CHAP. XXV. For Boyles and Felons.  
TO ripen these Boyles and Felons, apply this Cataplasm.  ℞ Unguent. Basilici majoris & Valentiae Scabiosae, e Mucilaginibus Emplast. Melilot. simplex. q. s. f. Cataplasma. 
Apply this warm and often, till it is ready, then stay not its breaking, but open it: Cleanse it with Liquor Vulnerarius schroderi & Spiritus vini vitriolati, Ana. part. equal. This will not only mundify, but applied warm on Dorcels, heals it to admiration. You may at last use Balsamum Tereb. Simp. and about it a Diachalon cum Gum. plaster.  
Note, That if it should be a Pestilential Carbuncle, then add to the Cataplasma, Emplast. Magneticum Hartmanni; for than it will not only ripen it) but powerfully draw out the Venom, and Elixir Pestilentiale Crollijʒss. in the morning fasting.   

CHAP. XXVI. A Phlegmonous Tumour.  
SOmetimes from Plethory there ariseth a Sanguine Tumour in some part.  
If it be in the emunctory, or any part where Nature is designed to exonerate itself of its too great a quantity of Blood; apply no repellents, only let blood plentifully at first, and apply a discussive and emollient Cataplasm.  ℞ As Emplast. Emolliens & Unguent. de althaea q. s. fiat Cataplasma. 
The Emollient Emplaster is thus made, ℞ Oxicroc. ℥ ij. diach. simp. & Composit & Melilot. an. ℥ j cum Ol. Camom. Misce.  
If you see it inclines to suppuration, and will out, your way is to apply a supperating Cataplasm as this: ℞ Unguent. Basil. majoris, unguent. Scabiosae valentiae, e Mucilaginibus, & Melilot, Symp. & Comp. f. Cataplasma.  
This will bring it to speedy suppuration, being applied very warm and often.  
When it has run well, absterge and heal it with Spirit. Vini Vitriolati; for that applied hot either with Syringe, or on Pledgits or Dorcels, certainly heals it from the bottom: or Balsam Tereb. simplex, and all over let be an Emplaster of Diachalon Magnum.  
If there is any thing of malignancy in the Tumour, then mix your maturative with Emplast. Magneticum Hartmanni; as in the last Chap. and inwardly give him of Elixir Pestilentiale Crollijʒs. in the morning fasting.   

CHAP. XXVII. Of an Erysipelas and Choleric bushes.  
SOmetimes there are sudden inflations, bubbling Choleric bushes, and erisipelas Ulcers, as Ignis sacer, or Wildfire, a sharp inflammation; hear Oleum Rosaceum Omphacinum, is of excellent use; more especially if Liquor Tutiae Mynsichti be first bathed well on the place; and if the Choleric Ulcers are yet more deep, mix with your Omph. ros. Oleum unguent diapompholigos, and apply it: Let Blood, and purge Choler: As, ℞ Syr. ros. solut. ℥ j quintessentia Coloc. ℥ j give it in any proper vehicle.  
'Tis an excellent purpose to the intention, and so is Cariostinum Electu. ℥ s. in the morning fasting.   

CHAP. XXVIII. Of Phlegmatic tumors and Ulcers.  
A Phlegmatic Tumour is long arising, and not very painful: such are Strumas and Scrophula's: in the Limbs it pits. First purge Phlegm and watery humours: As, ℞ Quintessentia Turpethum ʒ j Tinctura salis Tartari gr. x. Magisterium salis gr. viij. Mix these in Rhenish Wine, or Sack, and let him drink it in the morning fasting, not only once but often.  
Let his Drink be as followeth: ℞ Sarsaper. Guaic. an. ℥ viij. Gum. Guaic. ℥ j Succ. Liquoriciae ℥ iiij. Rectified Spirit of Wine lb viij, mix, digest twenty days, decant and keep it for use.  
Let him drink of this two spoonfuls in a glass of Wine at night when he turns in, and a spoonful at other times; this is the best drying diet Drink in the World; not only for this, but the Pox, or Plague, or Scurvy. 'Tis called Liquor alexipharmicus seu scorbuticus.  
To the part itself apply a hot fomentation or Lixivium; strong Spirit of Wine applied on with warm stuphs is excellent: Then, ℞ Emplast. de galbano Crocato & ad Tophos, ana part. equal.  
To make it into a Cataplasmick consistence add unguent▪ de althaea. 'Tis the most excellent as yet known for this purpose.  
If it was an Ulcer before you saw it, together with these means, apply into the Ulcer, ℞ Liquor. vulnerarium schroderi, or Liquor. Salutis.  
Let the Ulcers be well washed with these, or either of them; either by Syringe, or otherwise: Then arm your Dorsels or Tents with Balsam. Vulner. Salmon. and dip them in one of these Liquors, and put them in hot, and on them the  Emplaster, and so make decent rolling, which last is a great help in the Cure of these Ulcers.   

CHAP. XXIX. Of Cancers, Schirrhous Tumours, Phagadenick Ulcers and Fistulaes'.  
HEre you must use the same diet drink as in the former Chapter. And either to dissolve or ripen these tumors; to the other Emplasters there mentioned, add, Emplastrum schirrhosum Salmonis.  
Then have you the best resolvent or maturative of malignant and rebellious tumors that ever was invented. And if they be Ulcers, Aqua Phagadaenica, either of itself, or mixed with Spiritus Vini, is the chiefest Medicine to bathe and stuff the Ulcers with. Then Balsamum Vulnerarium Salmon. with Quintessence of Cloves applied hot on Dorsels, with the Emplaster over it, is a powerful Medicine. If the bone be foul, you have Pulvis Turbith. miner. to apply next it to scale it. But you must purge this sullen humour out of the Body, or never expect the tumors or Ulcers to heal.  
To do this, there's no nobler a Medicine under the Sun than, ℞ Panchymagogum Mineralae Quercitani gr. x. in pill ex duobus gr. x. misce fiant pill.  
Give this every other Morning fasting, till the body be rectified of this stubborn and poisonous humour, for this will powerfully bring forth all vicious and poisonous humours: But if he cannot take Pills, let a spoonful or two of decoctum Colocynthidos Salmonis in a glass of wine, every other morning, be the medicine, and look after him as is requisite in Purges.  
You must also see to oppose powerfully all venomous quality of the humours, and besides the diet-drink give sometimes this, ℞ Either Thriac. Lond. nova ʒ i, or Bezoarticum solare Comp. Salmon. gr. viij in a glass of Sack, and let him sweat upon it.  
Cancers are usually extirpated, and then the place brought to digestion and healed.  
You extirpate a Cancer with your Catling, but if a Finger or Toe, you extirpate it with your Chizel and Mallet.   

CHAP. XXX. Of Gravel and Strangury.  
SOmetimes Men happen to be cruelly tormented with this disease at Sea, and although they do not expect you perfectly to cure it, yet they would be glad of a little ease, and it would make any man pity them to see them so excruciated. If it be about the Reins, then do this, ℞ Sal vitriolium emeticum ʒ ss Spiritum Salis gut. xx in a glass of White-wine or Rhenish. this certainly removes and dissolves it. If in the neck of the bladder, then, ℞ Spiritum Nephriticum, Clossei gut. viij or x in syrup of Marshmallows, and aqua persicaria. This if you can have it is insuperable, in forcing away the Gravel and Urine, but if you have it not, then ℞ Aqua Comminuens Calculum Horstii ʒ ij, or ℥ 'tis at a time. is excellent as to the intention.  
If a large Gravelstone stick in the Yard, force it back with your Catheter. If in the fit of the Strangury, you give something to make the Body soluble, and carry away the hard feces, that oppress the neck of the bladder, you will do well; as thus, ℞ Tincturam solutivam ℥ i Elix. Juniperi, a spoonful in a glass of Malago.  
And in the extremity of misery, that worthy Anodine, Ens veneris gr. x drank in a glass of Canary, when the man turns in, does not only give immediate ease and comfort, but likewise dissolves the Tartarous Muscleage, or concreted substance.   

CHAP. XXXI. How to Cure a Clap.  
THere is yet another Distemper which Seamen meet sometimes with by going a shore, and that is a Clap. Now for as much as this is not got by the Ships work, so it is not cured on the Ships account, but the Man pays you for it: But it is a Chyrurgical Cure, and you are desired by the Man to cure him.  
We commonly call that a Clap (and not the Pox, although a chip of the same block) when the venomous humour lieth about the Genitals or Seed-Vessels, and hath not yet infected the mass of blood, nor got into the bones.  
A Clap appears either in a Gonorrhoea, Tumour of the Yard, Shankers, pricking in the Urinary passage, or Bubo in the Groin. Whatever way it appears, bleed not at all, for that were the way to bring it into the body.  
The first thing you must do is to purge out the Poisonous Vapour. The accustomary way, and indeed a very good way is this, ℞ Pil rudii ℈ j resina Jalupi & Calomelos ana gr. x f. pilulae,  
If he cannot take Pills then, ℞ Electu. pro morb. Gal. Salmon. ℈ ij.  
Or if a Bolus will not down with him, then, ℞ Decoctum Colocynthidos Salmon. two spoonfuls in a glass of Wine.  
If he can take any of these, you may interchange them, as you see fit, because the too often taking of the same thing cloys the patiented.  
They must be taken in the Morning fasting, and he must be ordered as to purge; when he has purged sufficiently, for four or five days, the running will cease; only some small gleeting 'tis possible will remain. To Cure which, 
℞ Tereb. Cypr. ℥ j open it with the Vitel. ovorum, mix it with aqua plantag. strain it, and let him drink it every night for three or four times. Or,  
℞ Icthyocolla decocted, either in water if you are on board, or in Milk if a shore, an Ounce at a time, and drank whilst it is warm.  Either of these will effectually stop the gleeting.  
If there is a pricking in the Yard when the Man makes water: Inject Troches alba enassis mixed in aqua plantag.: And if little Ulcers, Shankers, Pustules, etc. be on the Glans, or between that and the prepuce, touch them with Flor. Egyptiac. or sometimes album Camphoratum will do; But if the Yard is so swelled that you cannot get at these Shankers, then apply a warm Plaster of Paracelsus malaxt with unguent de Althaea, and that will discuss and resolve it: But if a Tumour arise in the Groin, purge not by any means, but let the Patient take this drink following to help to drive out the venomous humour, which nature is heaving at; and to hinder a farther progress of infection.  ℞ Liquor. alexipharmicum seu scorbuticum, sarsa. Guaic. ana ℥ viij, Gum. Guaic. ℥ j, Suc. Liquor. ℥ iiij, Spirit. Vini rectif. lb viij, mix, digest twenty days, decant and keep it for use. 
Let him take two spoonfuls of this in small Ale or Beer, every morning and night, and one spoonful in each draught he drinketh at any time; and to the Bubo apply this Maturative Cataplasm following to bring it to a head; (seek not to repel it by any means).  ℞ Vng. Basil. maj. valentiae scabiosae, è mucilaginibus, Melilot Comp. Empl. scirrhosum Salmonis, q. s. f. Cataplasma. 
This is the best that can be named to ripen a malignant Bubo or Carbonel; when 'tis ready stay not its breaking, but open it, and let it run well; when it has run sufficiently then fall to purging, as you were taught before, to carry away the relics of the poisonous humour, then cleanse the Ulcer with aqua phagad▪ and spirit of Wine, and heal it with Balsamum Vulnerarium Salmonis, or Essentia Sulphuris, on Dorsels or soft Tents; and Emplastrum Diach. cum Gum. over all; which method certainly cures the sevearest of Claps.   

CHAP. XXXII. How to Cure a confirmed Pox.  
NOW we call this Morbus Venereus, a confirmed Pox, when it hath passed the Liver, and is got into the blood, and that the spots and pustules appear, and nodes and night pains are felt.  
Here the same diet-drink must be kept to as in the former Chapter, for there is no better in the World; the same purging likewise must be used as in a Clap: Purge six or seven days first, and then desist; and sweat two or three days, and so to purging again: When you would sweat, to some of your diet-drink add a spoonful of Spir. Guaic. and make him sweat powerfully, for by this way of purging and sweeting we usually Cure the Pox at Sea.  
If there remain the Relics of an old Pox, you have no better way than to give him ℞ Aurum vitae senerti gr. viij, in Pill ex duobus gr. xij, misce.  
Let him have this dose every other day, for some time together; and when you would have him sweat, give him the same dose of the aurum vitae, with Tinctura Gumi Guaici two spoonfuls in a glass of Rhenish. So this unparallelled Medicine of itself, by continuing of it thus, will do your work without Fluxing.    

THE Third BOOK, Teacheth how the Sea-Chirurgeon ought to Execute the Physical Office imposed on him at Sea.  
'TIS so that the Sea-Chirurgion must do the part of a Physician at Sea, and if he is not capable of that, he is not fit to take charge at Sea; indeed it is to his cost, for whereas he spends one Crown in his Chyrurgical employ, he shall spend three in the Physical, (unless he has better luck than I have had).  
But since 'tis so, I'll teach you how to Cure those inward diseases that are most incident to the Sea, and first I'll begin with the Scurvy.  

CHAP. I. Of the Scurvy.  
THE Scurvy all men know is a distemper that Seamen are much troubled withal. It proceeds from putrefaction of the blood, and that from Obstructions, and those from a corrupt Aliment, or (sometimes) from over full diet, of Flesh or Fish, and especially when there wants the succulency of fresh Vegetables, as on shore, for in those Countries where they drink Wine, and eat green Fruit, as Lemons, Apples, or Roots and Herbs, as Salads, together with their Meat, such are seldom or never troubled with the Scurvy: Nor our Men neither when we come in them Countries where those things can be got; but otherwise we are seldom free of it. This I have experienced, when we have gone a Newfound Land and Straits Voyage.  
And to this we may add difference of Climates, for in Newfound Land, (although they have had fresh Fish, and other diet) I have known our people have the Scurvy lamentably, both in the Country and especially after our departure from thence, between that and the Straits; which when we have arrived in Spain, and the Combotes have come on board, our men have with Wine and fresh trade mended presently; This I impute both to the Aliment and Country, for I have seldom seen the Scurvy got in that Country, or indeed in any part of the Straits.  
It usually appears in spots on the Limbs, and the Legs swell, and pit under the Finger, with stiffness in the Thighs and Hams, lose Teeth, and rotten Gums; 'tis so well known at Sea, that every Sailer that has used the Sea any time, knows when another has it. But it is Objected against some, that laziness is the cause of it, and to others, that nastiness brings it on them; but let me write this word (in vindication of the diseased) that I have known as stout Seamen, and as stirring, and as neat men as ever crossed over Salt-Water, afflicted sadly with this distemper: Therefore it is not these, but the other causes that I have named, that brings the Scurvy.  
Now as to the Cure, you have heard already what diet and drink they should have; for with them things that I have named, few Medicines are required for the Scurvy; but without them, it will puzzle you with all the Medicines in your Chest to cure it.  
I have found it very good to let blood in the beginning of this distemper, when it comes upon a Plethoric Person, and one that hath had a full diet, but when it hath come after a lingering Fever, than not; for very often men have with it the Jaundice or Dropsy, or both, which Complexed Cacochymia makes it look like a many headed Hydra, and it will not be cured by only Scorbutic Medicines, whence we are so often at a loss about it.  
If it be the Scurvy only, ℞ Electu. scorb. Salmon. ʒ ij Calomelos gr. v f. bolus. give this in the morning fasting. Or, ℞ Liquor. scorb. Salmon. two spoonfuls, spirit salis gut. xx, in a glass of White Wine.  
Any of these medicines are well known to be formidable enemies against the Scurvy: But if it hath its rebellious Associates along with it, so that these medicines are not found capable: If it be Hydropic, then ℞ Quintessentia Turpethum ʒ s, Tinct. sal. Tart. ℈ j in a glass of Rhenish.  
This is a medicine that surpasseth all other liquid medicaments in this case; it purges delicately by stool. Or if the Jaundice, then, ℞ Aurum vitae senerti gr. viij, Elixir purgans Panchymagogum ʒ j in a glass of wine. this effectually Cures, opens Obstructions, and roots out the seeds of stubborn diseases; working with a great deal of safety and pleasantness, if followed for several days.  
Now when the Scurvy is thus Complicated with these other distempers, there is usually generated a certain malign or venomous quality, which is little better than catching in a Ship; therefore you ought to have an eye to this: So that now and then ʒs or a ʒjs of Quintessentia vitrioli, drank in a glass of Sack, is the best medicament that the world can afford in this and such like cases. If you have not this: Theriac. Lond. novaʒj or ij in a glass of Wine is excellent, and let the man sweat on it. Let him drink half a spoonful of tinctura gumi Guaic. in all his drink, if it be the moist Scurvy, but if the dry Scurvy, than Elixir Vitrioli Mynsichti ℈ s.   

CHAP. II. Of Fluxes.  
FLuxes are very frequent at Sea, especially when the victuals grow bad; or when we come in Countries where we get abundance of bad Wine and beverage, or are reduced to drink stinking water sometimes; when our English victualling is done, and we change to some other Country victuals, I have known Fluxes come all these ways.  
Come how they will, our way to Cure them is, first to purge with Rhubarb, and 'tis best thus, ℞ Rhubarb ℥ j, Cinnamon ʒ j, infuse it all night in Wine, in the morning strain it, and add to a quarter of a pint thereof Syr. of Myrtles ℥ j; f. potus. let him drink this in the morning fasting.  
In this disease let him forbear crude Wine and Fruits; (such as the Scurvy requires are here Enemies) at night give him a drachm of Diascordium when he goes to try to rest. Next morning have ready a dose of the same infusion of Rhubarb, as before, adding only fresh Cinnamon to it, and this second infusion has (if not altogether) almost lost its Cathartick quality, and now is mostly restrictive. The night following give him a good drink of  Wine, with a branch of Rosemary, and some Cinnamon in it, and sweetened with white Sugar. This method stops most white Fluxes.   

CHAP. III. Of a Dysentery or Bloody Flux.  
A Bloody Flux hath most frequently the same primary causes as the other, however there are sharp corroding Choleric humours, fretting and ulcerating the Intestines.  
'Tis requisite here to let blood in the first place; I have found that to do a great deal of good. Purge him likewise with the first, and then endeavour to bind with the second infusion of Rhubarb as before: But withal there is too often in this, as in the Scurvy, a secret malignity poisonous and infectious, and it causes others to fall sick, if it be the ruining distemper in the ship.  
This venomous quality proceeds from the corruption of humours; therefore it is to be powerfully opposed: Thriac. Lond. nova, ʒj in a glass of Wine is very powerful, and will destroy the very essence of venom; give it not only once but often. And to heal the Ulcers of the Bowels, give him healing Clysters.  ℞ White-wine ℥ viij, Quintessence of Aristolcchiae ʒ ij, Quintessentia Myrrhae ℈ ij, shake it together. 
This is the best of all Clysters, to heal the Bowels, if it be injected warm. And to ease pain and bind after due purging; the best that I know is this, ℞ Syrup. Diamor. ℥ j electu diacorallinum ℈ ij, Tinctura Mart. pro deliquio ℈ j, Quintessentia papaveris & hyosciami gut. iij, this in a small glass of Cinnamon-water, drank, is excellent.  
And then good Cordials are of great use, for men in a little time grow extreme faint, ℞ Quintessentia Cymamoy, gut. iiij, Tinctura Corallinum gut. x. in a spoonful of Tinctura vitae is an excellent Cordial.   

CHAP. IU. Of a Cholera.  
A Cholera is a violent vomiting, and sometimes a looseness with it from Choleric humours in the Stomach and first passages: The best way is first to cleanse away these vicious humours.  ℞ Spir. vitae Rulandi ʒ j, Tinctura flor. reguli antimon. gr. iiij, give it in a glass of Wine. 
These will not only carry away the humours both ways, but throughly rectifies the distemper of the Stomach and first passages: When this has done working, burn him half a pint of Sack, with a branch of Rosemary, and a blade or two of Mace, and sweeten it with ℥ j of Syr. of Myrtles, or dried Roses, and let him drink it hot: Or, ℞ Aqu. Aromatica ʒ j quintessentia Cynamo. & Menthae, an. gut. x. Syrup. Dyamor. or Mel ros Colat, ℥ j in a glass of choice Canary: Or, Elixir Vitrioli ℈ j in Spiritu Menthae.  
These are inferior to no stomachicals in the whole World: And let the region of his stomach be anointed with Oil of Mace.   

CHAP. V Of a Surfeit.  
SUrfeits at Sea generally come by over drinking, (although indeed they may come by over-eating, or from the vitions quality of what is eaten) it is so that nature refuseth to digest the great quantity that a man has drank: As a man that hath a burden too heavy, doth not so much as lift at it.  
Some nature is so propitious to them, that when they are too full of drink, they vomit, but some do not; but are extreme sick at stomach, and the head aches as it would split. Now if such had given them a draught of warm Water, with some ℥ ij Oxymel of Squils in it, they would vomit and prevent a Surfeit; especially if after their vomiting they had a pint of Wine burnt, with a sprig of Mint, and a blade of Mace, and sweetened with fine Sugar, and so drank hot: But if it hath passed the Stomach before the man speaks to you; and the Liver doth not digest it, but lets it lie in the first passages, than there is worse pains and heat.  
Now Vomiting of itself will do no good: But, ℞ Spirit. vitae Rulandi ʒ j Tinctura a florreguli antimo. gut. iiij. Oxim. Scil. ℥ j  
This in a glass of Wine will work pleasantly both ways, and free both Stomach and intestines of the superfluous humour that Nature is charged withal. Some in this case use a Clyster, Electum Cariocost. ℥ j in moderately hot Wine injected, excellently draws down the excrement and noxious fumes and evacuates it to the Patients great ease and comfort.  
The Body thus cleansed, let him then drink the  Wine hot, and add to it a scruple of Elixir vitrioli mynsichti, and then it is a powerful stomachical, and will cause digestion: But sometimes it has passed the Liver, and hath not been well concocted there, but is sent as it were half digested into the Veins, and so there is no third concoction; it doth not make blood fit to nourish, and now it is a confirmed Surfeit, and 'tis like the Surfeit spots come out; and there's a Fever, and loathing of Food, but a great thirst, and desire of more cold drink.  
Now ashore 'tis common in this case to run to the Apothecaries for Surfeit water, and when he hath drank that, and not the better; then to the Doctors, but it is commonly too late for't, for many a man loses his Life by such delays, and by trusting to the Surfeit water only. You are here to give discussing Clysters: As, ℞ Decoct. Com. pro Clyst ℥ j Eclect. Cariocostin. ℥ j f. enema.  
And let blood before it is too late; for abateing the great quantity of boiling blood is a great help: Then purge from the most remote parts, with ℞ Electu. Cath. regali ʒ ij. either in Bolus, or a Glass of Wine:  
For this is one of the best in this case: Or, If he cannot take this: Then, ℞ Tincture. Cathart. Grulangij ʒ j in a Glass of Rhenish is a good Medicine; and Pil. Ruff. ʒ s. or a ʒ j is approved.  
When these things are first done, than your Surfeit water will do good: The best of Surfeit water is, ℞ Aqua papaveris composita ℥ ij. Tinctura Croci ℥ j Elix. vitrioli ℈ j Thriac Lond. Nova, ℥ j  
Let him drink this in a glass of choice Canary, and sweat him well. These things will cure and cause a good digestion in all parts.   

CHAP. VI Of the Pleurisy.  
MEN are often taken with the Pleurisy: 'Tis a Tumifaction of the inward Tunicle of the Ribs, called Plura, with inflammation: Sometime there is windy Spirit with it, causing pricking, with extreme pain, and a Coughing; because the Lungs are straitened, and sometimes are inflamed with it: Here bleeding is to be forthwith celebrated not once, but often repeated. Discussing Clysters are to be administered: ℞ Decoct Carminativum ℥ j as in Chap. 7. Electum cariocast. ℥ j f. enema.  
These carry away a great deal of wind and Pluratick matter out of the Body.  
This having done working, ℞ Spirit plureticus Rennotti ℥ j Aqua papaveris Comp. & Liquor Cord. refrigerans an. ℥ ij.  
These, with the other means will give ease immediately.  
If there should be an Imposthume: Then, ℞ Antimo. diaph. Cum. Tartar. gr. x. sal pectorale ℈ j with Spirit. Guaic. a spoonful in Syr. Jujubino, or aqua Hordia. f. potus.  
Let him drink this, and embrocate the side with Oil of Chamo.   

CHAP. VII. Of the Colic and Wind.  
AT Sea Men are oftentimes taken with fits of the Colic, with insufferable griping. It is by corrupt humours, and windy vapours in the Tunicles of the intestines; it generally comes by cold. Sometimes the Body is bound with this Disease, and then in the West-Indies it is called the dry gripes. Sometimes there is a Looseness, with intolerable tortion of the Bowels. If it were wind alone, an excellent Clyster were that of Tobacco, given in a fumigatory Clister-pipe: Otherwise a pint of Sack injected has been approved to do good to a wonder: But if corrupt humours are together with this wind, than your Carminative Clyster is this: ℞ Cem. Calid. quatuor: Bacc. Laur. & & Juniper ana ℥ j Zedoari ℥ j flor Camom. & Melilot an. pugil: To the strained decoction ℥ x. ol. Camom. ℥ ss. Electuar. Cariocost. ℥ j f. enema.  
The Clyster injected warm, will work to your hearts content, and there will be great ease; especially if you give inwardly a good Cordial.  ℞ Tinctura vitae a spoonful, Quintessentia Papaveris & Hyosciami gut. iij. in a glass of choice Sack. 
By this time he will have wonderful ease and refreshment.  
But to root out the windy, and corcupt Cemenary, purge the Body well: ℞ Electum Cathart. regale ʒ ij. or Syr. de spina cervina ℥ ij.  
These will powerfully eradicate the Distemper and you had better do it at once, than let it run on, and the Patient not throughly well: And then after all a pint of good  Wine, with aromatic Spice in it, and leaves of Mint, and sweetened with ponder Sugar, and drank hot, is a special thing to close up your cure.   

CHAP. VIII. Of Costiveness.  
SOmetimes it happens that men are very Costive, or hard bound; or it may be there are passengers on board, or delicate persons, that rather suffer a great deal of misery by this, than to take a Clyster, especially such as are Sea-sick, and vomit much; I have known some who in a whole week together have not gone to stool: If any such complains to you, your way is to give him, either, ℞. Syr. de quincqu. rud. ℥ ij. or Tinctura solutiva the like quantity.  
Or if it be a person of honour as sometimes happens to be at Sea, Then, Your Quint. rosar. Palidar ℥ j is the loveliest of all Purging Medicines in the World whatever. These curiously open, and gently purge, and leave not a binding quality behind them; and the latter is truly Cordial withal. If it were a Child's, ℥ j of Manna in its drink would be grateful to it.   

CHAP. IX. Of the Worms.  
I Have known when men at Sea have been very much troubled with the Worms: And then 'tis usual to give them Calomelos ℈ j in some purging Pill: Others give Spirit Vitriol, some drops in their drink, and some Cem. Absynth in ponder in Honey: But Quintessentia Colocynthidosʒs, & Quintessentia Centauri Major. & Minor. ʒj, & Sal prunellae ℈ j, these in a glass of Wine or Beer surely destroy the Worms.  
And this excellent Powder, called Pulu. ad Lumbricos Magistralis ana ℈ j adʒs in any convenient vehicle is of excellent use as to this intention. But sometimes you have young Children and tender persons on board that cannot take Medicines, and yet hap to have the Worms: Then anoint the Belly or Stomach with that precious Oil of Myrrh, and it will effectually do the work.   

CHAP. X. Of Colds, Coughs, Rheums, Catarrhs.  
IT falls out very often that men are troubled with these Distempers at Sea, and will desire of you something to sweat: Which indeed is the best way, if it be a new cold: A pint of  Wine, with a branch or two of Rosemary, and Cloves, and Mace, and Cinnamon, with a ʒj of Lond Thriac in it, and brewed with the yolk of an Egg, and sweetened with Loaf Sugar, and drank hot when he turns in, and so to let him sweat well: This is undoubtedly the best Medicine in the World.  
But a Catarrh is a Rheum that has taken a habit of trickling slily down the Aspera arteria, and so to the Lungs; this causeth extreme Coughing, and by reason of that straining, the man grows hot and feverish withal, with grievous Headache, and when any of this Rheum falls into the Stomach, there is a reaching to Vomit: Nay, such is the Nature of a Catarrh, that it many times erodes the Lungs, and causeth a Consumption.  
Now the best thing you can do, is to purge the Brain, and all the Body of that Catarrish humour: Either Pilulae ex duobus, or extr. rudij ℈ j, or half a drachm doth it at once excellently well; and when this is throughly done, than your  Wine spoken of before will come to bare; and when you have sweat him well, than these Medicines following are the best that can be used.  
Lohoch Crocatum Mynsicti, is a great secret in this Disease, it digests, makes thick, agglutinates, expectorates, coroborates the Spirits, cools inflammation, quenches thirst, and eases the most acute pain; 'tis to be taken of the end of a Liquorice stick bruised.  
Another excellent thing is Syr. Catarrhis Mulleri, this doth not only heal the Ulcers of the Lungs which cause blood to be spit up, and stop the falling of the Rheum, but cures Consumptions; 'tis to be taken with a bruised Liquorish stick as the other pectoral Syrrups are, such as Colts-foot, Jujubines, Liquorish, and the like.  
But above all that, Infusus Pectoralis Comp. of Doctor Salmon is of insuperable efficacy, a spoonful or two of it at a time drank in a glass of Sack, and that often, especially morning and evening: But if you'd give it him to drink, and not by way of Lohoch; than Tinctura Astmatica Millij ℥ j, Vinum Juniperium a spoonful, Elixir Sulphuris, a few drops in a glass of Sack is excellent.   

CHAP. XI. Of Continual Fevers, or Calentures.  
THese are very frequent at Sea, especially in hot Climates. I have had the woeful experience of them, (as well as of Fluxes) at Scanderoon, and Cypris; sometimes they have that degree of malignity in them that wants but little of the Pestilence. Men are usually taken at first with a shivering in their Bones, as if they had got a cold: They will ask you for something to sweat, and you will do well to burn him a pint of Wine, and give him a ʒj. of Lond. Thriac. in it, and let him sweat, for this (it may be) may hinder a further progress; But if notwithstanding this, he turns to burning, and his head to ache extremely, then defer not to let him blood the next morning; and if you are in a Country where there is store of Wine, and Men have drank much, and inflamed their blood, let not one bleeding serve, but repeat it oftener. Give Clysters likewise to mollify the excrement, and discuss the noxious fumes.  ℞ Decoct. Com. pro Clyst. ℥ x. Cariocost. or Benedict. Laxativa ℥ j 
Then after this try what your  Wine will do, for now a breathing sweat will be profitable; but if it be a malignant or burning Fever, and it is the distemper of the Ship, or place where you are, it will have a certain time (do what you can) as it had its beginning, so it will have its increase, state and declination.  
All that you can do now is to further (and not hinder) its coming to its state; Therefore give not too cooling things, for by that means many a Man is cooled out of his Life; and on the other hand, be cautions how you let him take things that will inflame; Liquor vitriolatus mynsichti ℥ ij. is excellent both ways.  
If you give him cooling things, let them be such as moderately palliate, are Cordial, and quench thirst, and yet keep him in a moist and natural warmth: As ℞ Aqua aromatica ʒ j, Julupium Alexandrinum ʒ ij, Elixir vitrioli ℈ j; This in a little aqua Cordialae refrigerans is mighty refreshing, and doth not extinguish natural heat, but powerfully help it.  
Again, if you give hot Cordials, let it be such as will not cause burning and thirst, but oppose that, and rather cause a breathing and natural warmth.  ℞ Confectio alc herm. ʒ j, pulv. Gascon ℈ j, in aqua Cord. frigid. Saxon. ℥ ij. 
This is a Cordial that would revive (as 'twere) a dying man, and give him, not too heating, but a breathing and natural heat; But before the Fever comes to its height, usually men are dileriate, and if it be a right Calenture, he will think the Sea a Meadow, and seek to leap into it: Then (if you cannot conveniently give him Clysters because he is unruly) give him, ℞ Tinctura solutiva ℥ j in his Barleywater to keep him soluble. But the noblest Medicine under the Heavens in this case is Quinta essentia rosarum palidarum ℥ j per se.  
This as 'tis opening, so 'tis powerfully Cordial and Alexipharmick, and the pleasantest thing in the whole World.  
When his Body is open, then endeavour to give him a little ease and rest. That excellent Anodine Cordial following I cannot but recommend to you, ℞ Extractum opii anodinum ʒ j, Tinctura vitae Minsichti, a spoonful.  
Let him take this and endeavour to rest, for this will powerfully exhilarate the hurt, comfort the Spirits, resist malign atoms, provoke a breathing sweat; it will do (in a manner) whatever you desire it should do; nothing so friendly a second at this juncture, whilst Nature is contending with its enemy for Life.  
But now methinks I hear myself accused, that I speak of Medicines fit for Princes and Noble Personages, who have Money enough, then for Chirurgeons of Ships to carry to cure Seamen withal: 'Tis true they are precious, and some of them of inestimable value: But consider Life is sweet to all men, and I hope it is no harm to you to know them that are best capable of preserving Life.  
But as to the Fever, there are some of that degree of malignity, that they come to their height, and the man either recovers or dies before the seventh day, as on the fourth or fifth, such are Pestilential, and strike severely at Nature. Others are not so acute, but hold till the ninth or tenth day, at what time, if Nature is not strong, it goes hard with the Patient. But most recoveries that ever I saw, have been the thirteenth or fourteenth day, for about that time is the right natural Crisis, that most continual Fevers come to their state, insomuch as (when I have had twenty or thirty down at a time) he that has lived to the fifteenth day, I have not feared his miscarrying afterward; except by carelessness, or some accident, he hath precipitated himself into a relapse. If his Tongue be foul, clear it with your Spatula Lingua, and in all his drink (which should be only Barleywater) give him xx or more drops of quintessentia vitrioli. If it be the spotted Fever or Pestilence, let him neither purge nor bleed, for that were dangerous, but let him take a drachm of Thriac. Lond. nova, and half a drachm of quintessentia vitrioli, these in a glass of Sack are the noblest medicines that ever were known, inwardly; and let him sweat to purpose, whilst he has strength, but moderately if he be weak; Aqua Epidemica is likewise of singular virtue, ʒj. in angel. water with Syr. Carioph. And to bring to a head the rising (if any appears) make use of that excellent Cataplasma, mentioned in Chap. 31. of the Second Book, and when 'tis ready, open it and heal it, as there is taught.   

CHAP. XII. Of Agues, or intermitting Fevers.  
NOW in the time of the paroxysm, them that have the Ague use to Vomit; that shows a foulness of Body, especially the first passages; and a quotidian, or tertian, I have often cured by given of the Patients safe Vomits: As, ℞ Vinum antimoniale ℥ j with Oxymel scil. ℥ ss. in a glass of Wine.  
Give this about two hours before the fit is to come: 'Tis an excellent thing against Agues. Then in the time of the fit, when he cries out for drink, let him have Elixir febrile Horstij, a ʒjs or ij in his Barleywater, which you'll find powerful against the Fever: On the well day, in the morning fasting, let him have ℞ Quintessentia Turpethum, & Colocynth. fabri ana ʒ ss in a glass of Wine.  
These will purge downwards to your hearts content, and in Agues have no equals. When this has done working, and at night when he turns in, give him of Aqua febrifuga ℥ ij or iij, and sweat him upon it. About two hours before you expect the next fit to come, (whatever Ague it is, Quartan, or any;) let him take this following ℞ Essentia opij anodinum ʒ ij in Liquore Vitriolato Mynsichti ℥ iij.  
Let him drink it in a glass of Sack, and mark the event, which doubtless will be to your infinite satisfaction, and the Patients likewise.  
As for your Cordials and cathartics, and drink, you have them in the last Chapter, there can be no better.  
The powder of the Peruvian bark, called by the Indians Quinoquino, which is the Jesuits ponder, is given ʒij at a dose, in a glass of White Wine two hours before the Paroxysm: I was assured of the goodness of it in Smyrna; the Patiet (as they affirmed tome) hath one severe fit next after the taking of it, but no more; and if purging doth not go before, the Ague will return again in about a month's time, as the Doctors there have observed, as if it had only lain asleep so long. Oleum febrifugum, & Empl. febrifuga, & Cataplasma febrifugum, are all found to do good; but what I have written, is a right Method, and sure.   

CHAP. XIII. Of the Measles, and Small Pox.  
IT many times happens that Men, (especially the younger sort) have these Diseases in a Ship, and when one hath had it, it usually goes to more of them; 'tis a nausious Disease in a Ship. They are usually taken at first with a dulness or heaviness, and then a pain in the back, with grievous Headache. Now it is held good in England to lot blood in this Disease; but there is a Fever before the Small Pox breaks out, and a man knows not if it will be the Small Pox or no, (especially if it hath not already been in the Ship;) by reason of which some are let blood; but if it hath been in the Ship, than you will be cautious when you have these signs, whether it will be the Small Pox or no; an opening and discussing Clyster can do no hurt; and if it should be a Fever only, than it will do a great deal of good. If he be a young Person that hath these signs, and one that hath not had the Small Pox, you had not best be too forward in letting blood, but defer it till the third day. You may give some London Treacle, and a Cup of  Wine, and cause him to sweat, and that will soon show you if it be that Distemper or no, for it will the sooner break out: If it is not hindered by bleeding, nor purging, nor wet, nor cold, (all which are by no means proper) it will come out by the third day.  
Now your way is to drive it out forcibly, for which there is no better thing than this: ℞ Tinctura Croci ℥ j, Antimo. diaph. gr. x. Confectio Alcherm. ℈ j  
Let this be shaked together in a glass of Sack and Drank, and now let him be kept exceeding warm, that no cold comes to him; nor let him eat or drink any thing that is cold, or may cause a looseness, for that were dangerous: He will be extremely desirous of Drink, and if it be Beer, let it be strong, and let every draught that he drinks be moderately warm, with ℈ j of Ruint Corn Ceru in it: Every two hours give him a spoonful of Aqua Aromatica, and a ℈ j of Pulu. Gascon, in a little Canary, and this is truly Cordial, and will powerfully expulse malignity.  
Have a care of cooling Juleps, (they are not proper) except such as was mentioned in the Chapter of a Fever, which will withal cause a breathing kind moisture, and them you may use moderately.  
No matter although he doth not go to Stool in four or five days; give him no Clyster for all that, lest you make him take cold: For about the first crisis he will go to Stool of himself, which is about the seventh day from his falling sick.  
Boyl him Fowls, and let him eat of them (if he can) or at least of their broth; the which let him drink often; he cannot feed himself, his attendance must do that office for him. Let white Biscuit (if you have any on board) be steeped in his Sack, and let him eat it, and drink the Sack after it. If through some ill accident, or the great malignity of the Distemper he hath not miscarried before, he will have them at the height before the fourteenth day, and then recover: But in his recovering, let him have a care of falling into a relapse by heedlessness; for so some have miscarried afterward. Let his face be kept as much out of the Air as possible, and let him not scratch off the scurf with his hands, for by these things the Scars will be deep; but anoint his face gently with your warm Album Camphoratum, and it will cause the scale to come off easily, and leave the new skin, and comely.   
FINIS.   

AN ABSTRACT OF SEA-CHIRURGERY.  

The TABLE of the First BOOK, containing several Directions.  

THE First Direction. Page 1  
The Second Direction. Page 2  
The Third Direction. Page 5  
The Fourth Direction. Page 6  
The Fifth Direction. Page 7  
The Sixth Direction. ibid.  
The Seventh Direction. Page 8  
The Eighth Direction. Page 9  
The Ninth Direction. Page 10  
The Tenth Direction. Page 12  
The Eleventh Direction. Page 13  
The Twelfth Direction. To fit the Chirurgery Chest. Page 15  
The Thirteenth Direction. For fitting the Drug-Chest. Page 17  
The Fourteenth Direction. Page 18  
The Fifteenth Direction. Page 19    

The Second BOOK, Teacheth how the Chirurgeon ought to perform his Chirurgical duty being at Sea. Pag. 21  
The TABLE.  

CHap. 1. How the Chirurgeon should behave himself on an Engagement day. Page 21  
Chap. 2. Teacheth what is to be done by the Chirurgeon the next day after the engagement. Page 29  
Chap. 3. Page 32  
Chap. 4. How to prosecute the Cure of the Amputated Wound. Page 33  
Chap. 5. How to Cure all dangerous wounds of the Joints. Page 38  
Chap. 6. How to Cure a Compound Fracture, and Dislocation together. Page 43  
Chap. 7. How to Cure a wound of the Head with a fracture of the Scull. Page 48  
Chap. 8. How to cure Wounds of the Abdomen and Ruptures. Page 52  
Chap. 9 How to cure a penetrating Wound of the Breast, and Ribs, or Back. Page 55  
Chap. 10. How to cure a wound by a small shot through a Fleshy or Musculous part. Page 56  
Chap. 11. How to cure a wound of the fleshy parts with loss of substance. Page 58  
Chap. 12. How to cure a deep incised wound. Page 59  
Chap. 13. How to cure great and deep Contusions or Bruises, without any eminent wound, and sprains of the Joints. Page 60  
Chap. 14. How to cure a Gangreen. Page 63  
Chap. 15. How to cure Burns or Scalds. Page 66  
Chap. 16. How to cure a violent bleeding at Nose. Page 68  
Chap. 17. How to cure a Rheumatisme. Page 70  
Chap. 18. How to cure settled pains in any part, old Aches from former Bruises, Cramp, stifness of Sinews, and cricks in the Back, numbness of the Limbs and Joints. Page 72  
Chap. 19 How to cure the Squinzy. Page 73  
Chap. 20. To cure the Relaxation of the Wula's and Amygdala's. Page 75  
Chap. 21. To cure the Toothache. Page 76  
Chap. 22. Of Opthalmias, or Suffusions and Pearls on the Eyes. Page 77  
Chap. 23. Deafness, stoppage of the Ears, Pain and Impostume. Page 78  
Chap. 24. Of the Piles, and Procedentia Ani. Page 79  
Chap. 25. For Boils and Felons. Page 80  
Chap. 26. A Phlegmonous Tumour. Page 81  
Chap. 27. Of an Erysipelas and Choleric Pushes. Page 82  
Chap. 28. Of Phlegmatic Tumours and Ulcers. Page 83  
Chap. 29. Of Cancers, Schirrhous Tumours, Phagadenick Ulcers and Fistulaes'. Page 85  
Chap. 30. Of Gravel and Strangury. Page 97  
Chap. 31. How to cure a Clap. Page 89  
Chap. 32. How to Cure a confirmed Pox. Page 93    

The Third BOOK, Teacheth how the Sea-Chirurgeon ought to Execute the Physical Office imposed on him at Sea. 95  

CHap. 1. Of the Scurvy. 96  
Chap. 2. Of Fluxes. 100  
Chap. 3. Of a Dysentery or Bloodyflux. 101  
Chap. 4. Of a Colera. 103  
Chap. 5. Of a Surfeit. 105  
Chap. 6. Of the Pleurisy. 108  
Chap. 7. Of the Colic and Wind. 109  
Chap. 8. Of Costiveness. 111  
Chap. 9 Of the Worms. 112  
Chap. 10. Of Colds, Coughs, Rheums, Catarrhs. 113  
Chap. 11. Of continual Fevers or Calentures. 115  
Chap. 12. Of Agues, or intermitting Fevers. 121  
Chap. 13. Of the Measles, and Small Pox. 123    
FINIS.