¶ A brief, EXCELlent, and profitable Discourse, of the natural beginning of all growing and living things, heat, generation, effects of the spirits, government, use and abuse of physic, preservation, &c. No less pleasant and acceptable to the students of philosophy and physic, then beneficial and necessary for all others, desirous either of knowledge, health, youth, and long life. Collected and tradused aswell forth of the best old writers, as out of the new, and most approved in our daies. In the end whereof is shewed, the order and composition of a most heavenly Water, for the preservation of Mans life.  
By John jones physician.  
seen and allowed.  
¶ Imprinted at London, by william jones, dwelling in Paules Churchyard, at the Southwest door of Paules, and are ther to be sold. 1574.   

 dog   

¶ Ad: Squieri Bailiolensis in laudem Authoris.  

TRitum est: desidae prebetur Laurea nulla:  
Praebentur vigili plurima dona viro.  
Notum est: Assiduo laus parta est magna labour:  
Debentur pigro praemia nulla viro.  
divitiae, virtus, ars, gloria, nomen, honosque  
Praemia sunt studijs parta subinde pijs.  
Hinc Galenus opes, Hinc lustinianus honores,  
Hinc habuit nomen magnus Aristoteles.  
Pauperies, vitium, pudor, ignorantia, furtum,  
Sunt mala desidiae consociata pigrae.  
nile opus exemplo. Raes est certissima. Quare  
quis bonus, aut prudens, desidiosus erit?  
Tu bonus, et prudens igitur doctusque vocari  
Dignus es, et magna prosperitate frui.  
Nam labour, et studium, curae, et tua docta loquuntur  
scripta, quòd haud unquam desidiosus eras.  
Sic tibi fama viget, patriae sic commoda crescunt,  
Sic mihi, sic multis te placuisse vides.  
Ergo vt cepisti tu perge: precabor et ipse,  
Vt been procedas, vt been perficias.   

Carmen Kynderi Medici.  
IGneusille vigour simul et vegetabilis aura,  
Matuò queis refouent corpora nostra modis:  
Ortus quid faciat, quae sunt primordia rerum,  
Vt vitam gnatis semina quaeque trahant:  
Quid fragili retinet fluidambque in corpore vitam,  
Ne misera aute diem corpora desereret:  
Haec tria iam parvo quae sunt mysteria magna  
Hoc discas libro saepe legenda tibi.   

Aliud eiusdem.  
RIdent Ausonides, miratur Gracia, flores  
Artis Apolliueae; Nympha Britanna legit.   

In Zoilum eiusdem.  
ring, tuus rodat tua Zoile viscera livor.  
Ledere nec quicquam Dens Theonine vales.    

¶ TO THE RIGHT honourable AND most loyal earl, GEORGE, earl of Shrewsbury, earl Marshall of England, Lord Talbot, Furniuall, Vardon, and Strange of Blackmire, Knight of the most honourable order of the Garter, and one of the Lords of the queens magesties most honourable priny counsel, and Iustice in Oyre from Trent Northward. &c. john jones wisheth all felicity.  
AS one virtue doth not make a Man happy, nor one swallow show summer to be at hand, after the iudgement of the Philosopher: even so likewise one exploit, Learned act, or Valiant attempt, maketh not a loyal subject, 
How reward, renown& glory, is gotten.  a prosperous Regent, a politic captain: Nor one show of service, proveth a Man an industrious trauelour, a vigilant agent, a faithful servant. But the persisting, doing, and proceeding of the one, and the other, purchaseth, keepeth, and deserveth present praise, daily reward, and everlasting renown, and glory.  

Nothing so godly and profitably devised, that some will not abuse& misconsture.  Therfore, as J was ( Right Noble and Constant earl) enticed, by reason of the bountiful liberality of your goodness and great clemency extended at Buckstones, for the better benefit& ease of Legends, to publish Buckstones baths benefit, albeit some abuse it: So now likewise, that it may well appear unto your Honor my willing service, J haue proceeded a step farther: Discoursing unto you most briesely,( right trusty Magistrate) for that the estate of so weighty a monarch which so faith fully you do assist with sayient coumsel, politic power,& mature diligence will not permit any large or ample volume to peruse) of the natural begunning of all growing and living things, heat, generation, effects of the spirits, government, benefit and abuse of physic, preservation, &c.  

Life defined. Death befined.  But as the original of things endued with life, following is discoursed: so is life defined of Galen, lib. de tremore& rigore, to be natural heat or temperate heat. And Death quenching of the same, lib. 2 de temp Right briefly handled in our Epistle of Life and Death, given to the most honourable Lady,& my very good L. the Lady Katherine, 
¶ The countes of huntingdon, a great fuuorer of learning and virtue.  the elder, Countes of huntingdon. And that now and then is over hastily haled on, by lewd keepers laying the sick patients forth of the bed, before they be earthy cold, then dead and not before of infirmity.  
agreeable& consonaunt truly to the iudgement of Arist. the of contraries be had one,& the same doctrine. Supposing that it shal not be vnnéedful, but most behoofful after we haue shewed what these heats are,& how things naturally are begon, 
When dead  to show likewise how they may be preserved: laying this by the way for a principle, the is, the unless ther be again another like substance restored for the which daily and ourly departeth from our bodies, by reason of that natural heat, we should quickly perish, as Galen testifieth, lib. 6. de sanitate tuenda. the which addition must moderately& providently be don of al them desirous that life, health, strength, &c. should be preserved or prolonged, as he very evidently proveth, lib. 1. de Element and plainly teacheth, lib. 1. de tuend. valet.  
wherefore it is apparent how we ought( that be not desperate) next to the divine understanding, seek the mean which onely the arte of all other most noble, as mount. affirmeth, lib. de comp. curat, physic yieldeth, how to preserve and prolong that natural heat, seing that not only without that temperate heat to all growing things withering age soon entereth: but also dreadful death to all living things byandby ensueth. For the better consideration, doctrine and preservation whereof, as long as the natural constitution will admit, 
¶ The cause of this discourse.  this discourse and preservative water is devised. And that your Lordship may well perceive and judge, how that J couit nothing so much as the good, sound, and prosperous estate of your noble, valiant, and worthy person: nor esteem any travel so well employed, as that which may benefit my native country, de●●tie the same binding in all that we may, as Cicero affirmeth, 1. de office. and that especially if for Christians we will be counted, as Erasmus proveth in Enchirid. milit. Chri. How be it ther be that insimate to the contrary all that they can, 
No writer can please all Readers.  such is their zealous devotion, and that construe and accept our well meaning in sinister sort? depraning but not amending our travail as well taken for the benefit of the ignorent as for the setting forth of the needful coumsel of the Learned, of whom we haue better deserved, if they remember their aduancement, daily profit, and continual health: so likely and possible is it that we should please al wits, as yet hitherto no writer hath done: contenting us therefore with the well liking of all such that favour and further the common profit and utility of their state, the godly spirited, for in that affection( although want of power and assistance may let,) we mean( through gods help) to spend our dayes. Let them notwithstanding that say they are our friends never so often lay in our dish, how that all this great travail, knowledge and industry, purchaseth small profit or preferment, for not they the beate the bush, but that haue the net, do catch the birds, and the Readers haue the gain, the makers the pain: forgetting with what abundant treasure the contented is rewarded, minding onely private profit, a trade to much coveted, wherein they say, if we would haue used like diligence in seeking for it, we could not haue wanted condign benefit, seing others of all sorts of worthy offices and callings, less of value and Science by many degrees, want not their merit. And therfore to your Honor, right prudent and most affable ear, 
The earl of Shrewsbery right affable, ever trusty, and always noble.  I dedicate it, albeit Zoilus, with his confederates, Do little, find fault,& Neuercontent, do ennie, until their bowels burst. For unto whom should such things( as be néedeful to be known, and right beneficial for the common weal) be consecrated, if not unto those which be descended of vnteinted stock, through the excellent and loyal nature whereof be given most highly to favour and advance the same: Expressing first the original of all growing and living things, and then to the rest.  
The natural beginning of al growing& living things, is heat, 
Elemental heat not in act.  gods ordinary instrument,( as Hip. testifieth, lib. de car. which we call Elemental,& this heat with moist cold and dryth, frameth our parts: I say this, taking the elemental force for the whole Element, as if I should say, following him worthily as prince and chief leader in all natural and physical causes, that the elements what, cold, moist and dry, doth constitute our bodies. But because this heat is not in act, as fall. affirmeth, li. de call. it cannot be touched or felt, albeit deuisible in the compounds, that is although it be, it cannot be known by any sensible reason.  

The parts of the body do represent the elements  It is contained in very deed in the flesh, bones and all the parts, but so altered and changed, that by sight, feeling, or any such like means, it cannot be known. And yet if you compare the heat in living bodies to fire, the breath to air, the flesh hard parts to Earth, and the moist to Water, as Galen sheweth, 1. de elements, you shal find a great resemblance of the second Elements. And as for the first, you cannot find vncommixed in the whole world. Albeit of old Thales, Anaximenes, Anaximander, Heraclitus, Asclepiades, Epicurus. &c. sought to prove the contrary, as of late, Theophrastus Paracelsus, with some sort of Alcamists, but they and all their sectaries, be most evidently confuted. As in the works of Galen, de elements, 
red Eras▪ contra Paracel.  most excellently doth appear, and therfore hereunto may very fitly be annexed.  
This is that heat which maketh our temperature with the other elements: for onely heat tastes of the nature of life as Fernelius affirmeth, Lib de spir. et in not calido. And therfore hath the reason of couiting and f●urme, being united, it bringeth forth composition, 
heat cause of all growing and living things.  the heat being changed, all things are dissipated, or dissevered, all things decay, which thing happeneth not in other qualities, and therfore this heat is as it were a knot or band of our composition.  
We haue a neither heat called natural, which is known by sense as the vnuaturall also. For ther is no man if he will feel that may not easily perceive heat in all living creatures, growing or not growing, 
natural heat is in act.  albeit it is found differing in degree, in some it is strong, in some slack, in some it is known rather by reason then by sense.  
Some haue it most strong as Lions, some weak as fishes, some more slack as plants. Of which some men might doubt, yet we can, following Ga. fall. although very hardly attain it by sense. nevertheless we know it rather by the effects, reason, and authority of writers. That it may be known by sense, it may be proved in the Winter season, 
Sense judge of heat in plants.  if you cut a tree about the partes next to the ground, the heat may be perceived. Further more, if Snow fall, that part of Snow about the tree is first melted,& this is through heat being in the plants in act.  
Thirdly, we see in plants such effects as we see in living creatures, and those be the effects of heat, we see they swell, grow, and are nourished, therefore that heat is present, which thing is confirmed by the authority of Theophrastus primo causis plant. testifying in many places, that natural heat is found in plants, and growing things, and he calleth it the heat of the seed natural, Aristot. proper heat, primo metheor. Gal. natural, & implanted heat. 1.2. de sacult. of us( not altogether improperly) life, and that is it of which we now speak.  
But we haue our first heat of Elements, and whence haue we this natural, either of seed, or else of blood by which sperm is nourished, 
natural heat whence.  or else of the womb in which living creatures are engendered. And therefore it is called generatiue, natural, and proper, because it is in the beginning of generation and matter of sperm, as Fernelius very learnedly sheweth, De hoins proc lib. 7. But the creatures engendered of eggs, whence haue they it? of the egg heated of the hear of the damme, or by some arte? and that young ones are hatched of eggs heated in an oven, or by heat of dung, or sand: it is daily proved, especially of those which travail to Perow, and America. Neither ought this to seem marvelous, seing we see infinite creatures breed of eggs, and otherwise, 
Briede without damme.  vpon which the dams do not sit, nor engender, but they grow only by rottenness as do snails every where, yeles in muddy ditches, Bernacles in Scotland, Mise in Libia, and diuers other sorts by the river of Nile, as Plime testifieth in Histo. and Cardanus in lib. de rerum var.  
Fourthly, plants or growing things haue their beginning of this heat, through seed heated of the earth. For when as the earth waxeth hote by Antiparistasis,& by light shining& moving of the plants, 
heavenly heat cause of earthelie increase.  it giveth heat to the seed, and the seed to the plants, and thereof rose that astronomical& philosophical saying of Ptol. and Aristot. that is, that al inferior things are ruled by the superior, and that the son and moon engendereth man. This is therfore the beginning of this heat, which hath these conditions and properties, that it may continually, flow, slide& be dispersed, wherefore it must haue a cause always preserving, which failing, life must perish. In plants it is kept of the heat of the earth, which in those places is hote: But it may be demanded how can the earth, of itself cold, communicate heat to the plants? seeing we haue proved in our second book of baths aid, that it cannot give that actual heat to the waters of baths, that it should make them hote. The earth truly waxeth warm accidentally, not naturally, nor actually, neither potentially, but either by the heat of the son, and stars reflected, or else through their moving, heating, and therefore the summer is hote by reason of the beams of the son which fall directly upon us, as affirmeth mount. lib. de sa. tu. How be if Auicen attributeth more heat to the tariaunce, 
why the fōmer is hot.  then to the direction in. 1.& 2. But where the nerenes, direction& tariaunce is greatest, ther no doubt is most heat, as in Hispame;& afric, the same also yearly in this climb we prove, for in july, August, and September, by reason the son cometh not only nearer us, but also because as then it is of good tariaunce, the season is hotter then April, may, and june, which be of as long course and rather longer and director, but not so near. And yet in October, november& December, although it be then nearest, as in the opposite of his axell, by reason the abode is so small a while, and the beams laterally cast, it is then more cold. All the which approve aswell by reason and authority as by experience, the hot season to grow of all the three aforesaid causes concurring together, and not of one onely. Notwithstanding we must know, that the son hath not his heat in act which it sendeth to the lower parts, for it is not Elemental, 
The son hath not his heat in act.  but by reason of the rolling of the son and stars: for all moving is heating, as affirmeth Aristot. lib 2. de calo et mundo et. 1. met. nevertheless it heateth& that per. fe. of itself, as mount. avoucheth, lib. de sal. tut.  
Fiftely, when the earth hath conceived these seeds, they are increased by Antiparistasis, saith ●allop. Therfore it is no m●ruaile if it keep this heat in the roots of plants, but in creatures which be engendered through pu●r●faction and be on the earth continually the heat is preserved of the earth, but in those living bodies which are in the air, this heat is preserved of a commune cause, and what is that cause? it is a moving and shining, we may not say shiuing, as Mer. trist. and others did, light, because ther is no shining or light in our bodies causing heat, therefore by moving heat is preserved in living things by what moving natural or voluntary, 
moving preserver of heat in living things  the voluntary moving is not perpetual, it wild wearied, therfore ther was required a natural moving perpetual as long as liffe endureth, as testify the Arist. lib. de mundo. and which is that, it is the moving of the heart diffunded or spread by the arteries, termed of the greeks Diastole, the opening, Sistole the closinge, 
vital heat.  the efficient cause whereof is the vital virtue, the living strength, as Galen affirmeth, lib. de vsu pulls. et 1. de cause. pulls. or else the boilinge of the moist substance in the heart and arteries, when the fume, spirit or breath is expelled, 
The cause& use of the pulls.  it causeth Diastole when it is attracted Sistole, if we credit Arist. lib. de morte et vita. unto this opinion Drusianus doth agree coment. 3. in art. par. Gal. of which Forlinus, as sheweth Montanus, lib. de comp. curat. hath fully disputed. And the whole sacred sentences of the physicians, doth affirm as testifieth Fuch in institut. mount. in come. cur. and Fernelius, lib. de pulls. how that the moving of the heart is contrary, for when the heart is closed, it poureth forth the spirit by the great artery, and when the heart is opened, it receueth air by the venial artery, as is at large expressed of Galen lib. 6. devsu part. the which being never so little depraved, impedited& lost, the party either fainteth, coith, or soundeth. &c.  
Furthermore, Galen saith, lib. de Faet. formatione: how that the heart is as it were the fire and hearth of natural heat: 
The hart of all the body the warmest  For it of all the partes of a living creature is most hote, as he sheweth, 1. de temperamentis, the which also Hippoc. affirmed long before. lib. de carnibus. And see how, when as the heart is hote in act, and doth receive this heat either of the sprime, or of she mothers womb, of necessity it hath this natural heat in itself in act, which stirreth up the heart, this stirring up and closing keepeth the heat, there is faculty of moving and heat, heat keepeth the faculty, faculty engendereth moving, moving heat as oft as the faculty or operation of the heart ceaseth, by reason of poison received or any otherwise, forthwith the heat ceaseth& the moving is hindered, the heat ceasing the faculty is destroyed, the hart being cold the faculty ceaseth, hence the heat being altered all things are altered, whereupon the heat of the heart being increased, all thins are increased, and the heat of the heart being diminished, the moving becometh weaker, I say therfore that this second heat is natural and engrafted, and hath his beginning of beginning, or of seed, or else of the birth place of of both, as Hippocrat. sheweth at large, lib. de natur. puer. et de nat. hom. and Fernel. de funct. et hom. lib. 6. 
natural heat springgeth the sperm or seed. how the faculties are preseruid.   
This heat requireth perpetual preservation, plants and growing things haue the earth preserving, living creatures haue the fire in themselves, which truly hath a preserving cause, because it is continually a oued by the faculty, the faculty is preserved by heat, hence it is that such heat is said to be infunded, flowing, and running, because seing it is continually preserved as Galen testifieth. 1. de vsu partium. It would not be preserved except a vapour hote in act did flow to the partes, whervppen Fernel. very learnedly affirmeth, lib de spirit. et in nat. calido. in paparilla. How that the society which is beswene them is such, that they alway conspire and agree mutually, so that the one doth nothing the other absent, therfore consider these things effectually, with these terms that Philosophers and physicians to use, for by the flowing and running heat, is alway understood that natural heat which can no more contain life without the radical moisture nourishing, then the sight in a candle can remain without moisture therishing the fire.  
If is deciffered( noble earl) how that in the hodies of living creatures ther may be found a certain heat hote in act, 
Life what and howe.  which being present, life end dreth: it being lost, life is lost, and therfore it is called of Aristot. lib. de anima, of Auicen. 1. fenu. prima, and of Cardanus lib. de homia, natura. the vital, because by reason of this natural virtue& faculty, all things haue life, seing that with out it, and where it is not worker, the is death, ther can be found no life, which is not only daily proved in plants and growing things but also in all living things as Fernel. very excellently confirmeth, lib. de spir. et imiat. calid et Cardanus de sub. lib. 12. We haue discoursed also that it needeth parpetuall preservation and maintenance, because it hath a thin subject to which it cleueth. I say therfore( right honourable) that is standeth as heat in a torch, 
Asoyle in a lā●e feedeth the light so doth the radical moistur conserve living things. Brethe the subject of heat.  or cresset kindled, for as the heat consisteth of that quality, and of the matter subject, which is not but a hot and dry exhalation and fume kindled, and of this fume and quality, the light in the torch or cresset is kindled: so also such heat as I haue name vital hath a matter subject to which it is knit,& of it is made one which is called natural heat And as in a burning torch smooke is supposed, so the proper subject of this heat is breath, which physicians call the vital breath, of Moses the living soul, Gene. cap. 2. and it of the Philosophers is said to be the true subject of this heat.  
This spirii or airy substance, of heat and faculty, the seal and band& first giver of offices to the instruments as Fernel. testifieth, lib. de spir. et mirat. calido. suffereth that which al exhalations do suffer, as Galen affirmeth Lib. de Facult. subst. For some are moister, some drier, if the drier exhalation be kindled, it maketh the flamme sharper, if the moister, it maketh it more gentle, so this spirit if it be oryer, the shaper heat is conceived: if it shal be moister, a more gentle heat is made, a misder fire. And hence it is that in some creature there is perceued a gentle heat, in some a sharper, as Galen witnesseth, li. 5. de sanitat. tuend. And hence it is also that some ages haue a strong heat, some a milder, as also he proveth, lib. 2. de temp. And hence again to cenclude, 
diversity of manners, of diverse temperatures groweth  some he hasty, some gentle, some bound, some fearful, some bashful, some impudent, as the same Galen expresseth, lib. de anima morum et corp. temp. imit. cons. we affirm further following him, lib. 1. de vsu partium, that the Lion is hotter then man, because the natural heat of that beast by reason of the vapour subject is become more hote, so the airy substance in a young man is more sharp then in a child, as it is most mainfestly proved, lib. 1. de tempe ram. But this spirit is easily dissolved saith Fallop. therfore it is necessary that there should be some matter of which this spirit should be joined and preserved. And what is this matter? if we shal search it out, following him as we do, observing the nature of things, and not onely the authority of writers, we must say that it is more then one, although ther be one heat onely. 
Diuers spirites in the body and yet but one heat  For if you mark the sperm of which living creatures be engendered, ther is no doubt but as it is moist, so it is hote in act as avoucheth Arist. 2. de generat animal. and Fernel. lib. de hom. procreatione. For that which is cold in act engendereth not, whence( not vnworthely) may be gathered that law, concerning diuorse, took his original, that is, that those whose sperm is cold of nature, may be separated, as if they had never ben married, as in the Canon law, in titulo de frigo, et mal. 
A natural cause 〈◇〉 diuoise  it appeareth at large, the subject of this natural heat we call the vital spirit: If I shall demand whereof this vital spirit in the sperm is made, saith Fallop. no man will deny, but it is made of humour contained in the same, 
Vital spirit whence.  which is of one& like substance with it, hence cometh that saying of Hippoc. that the four humors be the matter to engender man, as Gal. also testifieth in 17. de vsu partium. 2. de Element. if this heat be so, if is necessary, that in living bodies it endure perpetually even to the end of life, of which matter the spirit is engendzed in whom the heat is preserved, and this is the humidity which we call radical, which naturally endureth until the last withering in the parts, 
radical fumidite hole  as Arist. proveth. lib. de long et breuit. vitae▪ which they grant to be received of the sperm. And therfore Galen. li de. semine, saith that the vital seed is full of spirit,& it is increased by nourishment, as proveth Hip. 1. de dieta. Also we live so long as we are nourished, as testifieth Arist, lib. 2. de anima. for what soever liveth must needs haue nourishment, as Fernel. teacheth, lib. de anime facult, and Galen affirmeth, lib. de mar. that old age may be stayed by a moist trade of diet. 
The effects of nourishmentes.  Hereunto also Auerhois undoubtedly doth subscribe, she wing how those be of longest life which haue plenty of heat and moisture, in Paraph. de long. et bre. vitae. I gather therfore that the matter of the seed is moist, of which the sperm and radical humidity is engendzed which of them is called oily or unctuous: not because it hath that kind which other fattines hath? but is as it were oil which soon catcheth fire, for whatsoever be oylye and airy saith Galen, do soon degenerate into fire. 3. de temp So because this sperm doth easily produce spirit in which heat is conceived, it is called oily, and both it and the blood saith Galen, is hote and moist, seing whatsoever is naturally soft,& meanly hote, the same is moist. 2. de temp. the which moisture and sweat, nature, when it is emitted, the vital spirit is delivered, as he also sheweth, lib. 1. de sem. et. 14. vsu partium, and Fernel. lib. de hoins procreat.  
But let us inquire of the spirit which is carried by the arteries, which is that heat in act, I demand saith Fall. of what matter is it made? not of any oily or vnctuouse matter, because that is not found but in the sperm, but this is not in the seed, except that after the membranes be made in the womb, it be spread out of the arteries into the arteries of the infant, but it is made of blood very well prepared and very well altered of the hart, and this is not it wherein life consisteth, consider this, it is not the immediate instrument of life, 
Life ariseth of the sperm, and not of the heard& many things wanting heart hath life  for the sparme is the efficient beginning as Galen sheweth lib. 2. de nat. facul. and is the natural cause also why the birth is like father or mother or both, as Galen affirmeth. li. 2. de semine,& Cardan. lib. 12 de subtilita. Howbeit Farnel. a, voucheth, lib. de homi. proc. that it proceedeth rather of the imagination of the parentes in the generation: and yet in the same place forthwith he willeth us, to note& judge otherwise of the cause of monsters, wherein certainly he doth well, seing that in the matter and temperature is the cause aswell of the one as the other, as not only hereditall sicknesses doth show, but also deformed persons doth prove, seeing nature doth nothing evilly, nothing in vain, nothing hurtfully as Aetius teacheth li. 3. But by reason of vicious state of body& rude education they be evil, as Plato sheweth in Timeo, 
God and nature, doth nothing in. vain.  and therefore Damascenus doth affirm that evil life, deformity of body and disease of a principal parte, do descend from the graundfathers and parentes& are inherited. Hence cometh that saying, that such as is the tree such is the fruit. Hence again is it said that such as is the father such is the son. Albeit, al sons be not like their fathers, nor all like trees of one kind. But through education& imping. &c. they be altered, whereof in another work more shalbe shewed. But seeing the spirit of the arteries is not the first instrument of life, it is then the resulting of that sparmatick matter the efficient, for so from henceforth we shall call it most. And when a sinew engendereth a sinew, it engendereth it by that actual heat cleaving to the former spirit, cleuing to the oily matter the efficient, seeing in the temperature of it the reason of the maker doth consist, as Galen witnesseth lib. de foet form●t. ●f the spirit of the arteries were the immediate instrument of life, by which the partes do work( as some understand the Philosophers a miss,) 
Aristot. miss understood  all the partes should do one and the same thing, as Galen affirmeth lib. de anime nime morum &c. But every particle hath a proper instrument which is the spirit of the efficient. 1. de vsu part.  
Hence it is that this natural moisture failing, life doth fail, natural death doth follow,& not thorough blood failing in the arteries, the which thing, Chauser well considered, saying, where nature will not work: away with the body, and carry it to the Church: for the efficient moisture failing the fire doth sail, the fire failing death ensueth.  
Hence again rose that saying, get a child kill an old man.  

¶ sparrows short lived by reason of venery.  here-hence also proveth Aristot. howe that sparrows be of short life because they be prove to wast the radical humidite through continual use of venery. whereupon mount. fourth of Menapius affirmeth that the use of venery is not natural: yet of them the females be of longest life, by reason it is thinner in them and therefore they wax not so soon dry thorough it, as the males nor so sone old lib. de long.& bre. vita. whereof hip. de Genit. hath notably said.  
But for the stirring up of this lovely sweet heat in the partes, the spirit of the arteries was made, as we gather by hip. lib. de cord.& Carn. 
why the arteriall spirit was made.  Which is the subject of the heat: and is dispersed through the whole body that it may kindle the heat in all and every parte. And therfore the Philosopher writeth that anima, the spirit and life is in all and every parte of a living body. Yet this I wish constantly to be noted, that as the aninall spirit proceeding from the brain is Prince in giving of sense as Galen teacheth. 1. de vsu par. et 1. de plac. hip. et plate. so also was it not made for cooling of the heat in the heart, as the philosophers suppose, which is no less absurdity then to say the heel was made for the hartes sake, 
Aristot. error, confuted.  as Galen sheweth lib. 6. de vsu part. For howe can it be I pray you( saith he) that the hart cooled by the daily imbrething of the air should seek any cooling from the brain, which is not only very far of, and prevented with most thick bones: but also is cooler thē the air. 15. de vsu part. This is to make trusty and loyal earl, of a long discourse a short as Galens iudgement with the rest excellent in natural Philosophy, who witnesseth that the spirit subject of the natural heat, doth arise of matter en graffed in the partes. 2. de nat. fac.& 1. aph. 14. which he calleth watery, agreeable undoubtedly to the iudgement of the old prince hip 1. de dieta. where he saith: If that which is moistest in the fiery Element, 
whence natureall wisdom proseadithe.  and driest in the watery be embraced in a temperate body they shall be wisest. Again he saith there, that all living creatures asswell as man are constituted of 2. faculties contrary concording and commodiously used, that is to say, of the fire and water. For the fire he affirmeth all by al can move, the water all by all can nourish, and in the water there is air as the table of Hermes trismagistr. Mois. proveth as Fernel. affirmeth, lib. de abditis rerum cause. cap. 18. And Moses declareth that in the beginning the spirit of God moved upon the waters. cap. 1. Gen. but it shall not be material whether we call it watery or oily. And if we count that the spirit of the arteries is that vital, it is not therfore contrary to his own nature: for it is not the immediate instrument of life, seeing the arteries and deines spring of the efficient, as Galen testifieth lib, de foet formatione, but it runneth to cherish that spirit sprung of the efficient that sperm, in which life doth consist.  
Therfore heat is preserved in vapour which doth evaporate continually, ther is therefore required matter, 
heat, wherein if is preserved. & because the spirit is two fold particular in every part, and universal in the arteries, this universal is always kindled of the moving of the heart and arteries& nourisheth that efficient humidity that particular spirit. 
The spirit particular& general.   
I his discourse as well perhaps by reason of the brief arbguments, as also strangeness of the matter, and manner of style( which sundry others of greater study and longer experience in a larger volume as I suppose, and they pleased could much more braver haue bewtified) may seem to the unexpert in Philosophy and physic a paradox at the first view, 
Reason and experience iudges of all natural Causes.  but after it be claboured& examined by the doctors of both faculties, reason and experience, it willbe very manifest, seeing ther is no other third thing to judge by as Arist, affirmeth lib. de somnijs, neither in any part of life as Gal. proveth most excellently as he doth all things lib. 1. de Eleurent. 1. de sanit. tuend. 4. Ther.  
Therfore of the spirit subject& heat the natural heat is made, and not of every matter which is in the body moist or dry, to be altered and perfected, can be accounted the subject of natural heat, for although of it meate, drink and blood be altered: they be not therfore the subject of natural heat, but raw blood saith Gal. ● de nat. fac. is said to be the subject& froth of this heat lib. de ple. et 3. art. par. not made to perfection, because only the spirit is pure of alteration, that is the subject active& passive, and this wise the iudgement of writers are to be vnderstanded: 
¶ Good action whence they proceed  of this second heat or spirit of the hart sprung of the former in the sparme, good actions do proceed in our bodies: as of the heat contrary to nature evil actions or operations do come to the partes.  

Of heat contrary to nature.  The third heat in living creatures is called heat against or contrary to nature, as Montanus also affirmeth 0153 V 3 in come. de simp. medic. qualit. And this may easily be perceived by sense: for as often as this heat is in the body we know by feeling in living things and also in plants. And this doth not differ in quality from the former: for there is the same fiery quality on some part. But in this they differ because they be contrary. And the heat contrary to nature destroyeth the natural, and contrarily. Now if they destroy one another, what is the cause of this contrariety, it appeareth not: because both be hot. Heat consisieth in the intendid degree, or in the purchased, or else in the matter subject: for in every growing and living thing the natural heat hath in itself a certain degree, which it can not pass or exceed: according to the which life endureth. 
According to the natural heat natural life lasleth.  Albeit through infinite accidenses it may be shortened: which also being withstanded, life is prorogued, as following shal be proved. And the height of this natural heat is termed of the greeks Acme, state. 1. de sanit. tuend.&. 6. In a Lion it is strong, in a man more slacken, in a dog not so weak neither in any one kind of living creatures all a like strong. For in the kind of living things( if we shall speak of valiant beasts) one horse is hotter, another colder, one swifter, another slower, &c so in the kind of reasonable creatures best tempered, which of al that haue life(& subject to death) are only endeued therwith, as Carda. testifieth lib. 7. de rerūvariet. 
Man of all creatures of best complexion.  through which mean temperature in the similier partes, plasing, number, shape, and greatness of the instrumental, all functions proceed, one is whotter, another colder, on wiser, another foolisher. 2. de cause. symt. on lighter, another sadder, one fatter, another lener, one bigger another lesser, one naturally long lived, another short &c. as we may gather by Galen, tem. in samt. tuend. in Therap. and in six hundreth places else. If this heat shalbe kindled beyond the degree, then they strive between themselves.  
Secondarely, these heats are contrary by reason of the matter subject, 
Natural heat consisteth in the pure parts,& the unnatural in the corrupt.  for the temperate or natural heat consisteth in the pure spirits, as Galen testifieth, de nat. facult. but the heat contrary to nature hath for a subject some body putrefiing, or some humour, or some sound part, as he evidently sheweth, in Epid. in lib. de tum. preter. nat. et ad Glaue. &c. and when as the subject of natural heat is most pure, beheuld that which contraryeth the heat contrary to nature.  
Another thing maketh a contrariety in them, by reason the putrefying heat doth seek to corrupt the naturall-and the natural contrarily assayeth to qualify and amend the rotten. And the heat in a matter putrefying is both putrefying and contrary to nature, because in degree it exceedeth the natural, it is putrefiing because it is ●in●led in a rotten matter of either of the inwards, as in the liver, lungs, spiené, &c. or of the ontwardes, by way of avosteme, botch, vleer, blayne, boil, &c.  

Rotten heat defined.  And it is defined of Galen in Ther. to be an alteration of the whole body, putrefiing of the substance to corruption, of outward heat, because it enticeth unto itself natural heat, together with moisture, and bringeth it forth by the poores ratified as Alb. affirmeth, 4. met. et mount. in come. curat. Ther is another heat contrary to nature in degree only, not by reason of the subject but seing we haue evidently expressed them in our Dial of Agues dedicated to the( high and mighty) earl of Leicester ix. yeares past, we shall onely revoke them to memory in this place as matter appertinent to this present discourse, and this heat hath not for a subject matter putrefiing, but excess only in degree, not because of the matter subject.  
And note you how, saith Fallop. that the fit of the fever tertian beginneth, in this we haue a double heat, one contrary to nature, which is in the choleric humors putrifiing, 
Cause of the tertian fever.  worthily therfore called putrifiing heat,& it may be equal with the natural heat, it may also exceed it, this is not the fever, but the cause of the fever, as Galen writeth ad Glanc. et 1. de Diff. feb. We haue moreover natural heat increased above his degree, and by reason of this excess it is termed contrary to nature, this hath not his beginning of the matter putrefiing, but hath his subject and proper place, as testifieth mount. here it may be demanded, may we call it putrefiing heat? respecting the cause wé may, but in very deed it is the natural heat, become putredinall or rotten.  
The. 3. therfore is contrary to nature, and this heat is of two sorts, either it is rotten onely, or else it is rotten because it is a putride matter, as carded. affirmeth de homin. nat. and so the one subject of this heat contrary to nature is a putrefied matter, the other is that rooted moisture of the partes, or purer moisture of the blood of the arteries. And the chiefest cause of putrefying heat is in ward stoping, and obstruction of the ways or means, 
Cause of putrifiig heat.  so that the moist vapours and the digested can not evaporate or out breath, as Galen evidently sheweth, 1. de sanitate tuenda, and mount. in coment. 1. de simp. med. sa.& therfore do ware hot. Another cause is contagiousnes which the ambient of compassing air poureth and inbreatheth vpon those whom it doth environ and come about, as may appcare by Hippocrates lib. de aere aquid et regionibus, lib. de flaribus de morb. popul. lib. 2.& also by Galen, 1. de differ. Thucid. Lib. 2. bel. pelop. &c.  
The air as testifieth Auicen. 3.1. resolveth in all dispositions, and more alerith the body, and spirits then either meat or drink, as affirmeth, Consiliat. diff. 114. But especially in such as haue a thin and open skin it easily presseth and entereth, 1. de sanitate tuenda. Being therfore, saith, he more subject to infirmities that procede of outward cause of the air. And truly if a contagious& infective person shall frequent and company one not infected or corrupted( as affirmeth Fuchs. lib. 4. de med. morb. fernel. fall. lib. de tubo. pest.) the seeds& sparks of rottenness and infection are infused, materated or stiped in the sound body. The which thing we see daily to chance not only in brute beasts, but also in mankind. Hence haue the rottenness and infection in the pestilence theyz beginnings, which are caused of contagiousnesse, 
Cause of the pestilence.  and through the influence of the stars, as affirmeth Aphrod. 2. probl. and also of corruption of humors in the partes, as Valescus declareth, lib. 7. and not through obstruction always, as affirmeth Rasis, lib. de peste. 
Infected persons to be avoyded  wor thely therfore all such as are infected persons, according to the decrees of each sacred Senate, by proclamation banished, not only for the time from princely& noble persons: but also forth of all society in Garisors, Cities, Lownes, and families. Let them which regard not natural causes, never so much enforce their eloquence to the contrary.  
These be the causes of the heat contrary to nature putrefiing, 
Kinds of infection  which in some is putrefiing only, in some putrefiing, contagious, venomous,& infective, as we haue seen by the sweat, plague, pox, and leprosy, &c.  
Of the other heat exceeding in degree, we haue causes inward and outward: the inward we affirm to be presence of the rotten heat sending fumes kindled to the heart, the heart sendeth them to the spirits, the spirits to the whole body.  
The second is Antiparistasis of the hot spirits to the heart, ther made so vehement that the heat in degree is kindled.  
The third cause is boiling about the heart, caused either through anger, or wrath, for ire proceedeth of fire as Arist. teacheth. 8. probl. 17. and anger saith Galen, is a boiling of heat in the heart with desire of revenge. 
Anger defined  li. 2. de sanitate tuenda, 6. de plate. hip. et plate. again outward causes may bring this to pass as affirmeth Fuch.& Fernel. lib. de fe. vehement moving, running, extreme labour, fervent heat, watch, hunger, strong medicines, and over hote baths, as in our fourth book of baths aid doth appear. Yet note that unless this heat contrary to nature, do hurt the action in degree,& dissolve the temperature of the parts, it is not called sickness whether it tarry short or long time as Gal. teacheth, 1. de cause. morb. et simpt. 1. de sanit. tuend. Notwithstanding the opinion of them which brought in, in his time, as in the place last recited he doth show, continual sickness, affirming that in us, seeds of all diseases are naturally, yet so small and insensible that they escape our iudgement, 
All men be not al way sick  as they confess, by the which they bewrayde fully their folly, to persuade men of continual sickness, the actions not depratrid.  
The first whereof we haue spoken shall be called an accident and not a disease, the second hurting the operation, shal be called a disease, not an accident, therfore if it hurt the action, it shal be contrary to natural heat, because it doth extinguish the subject of natural heat.  
again, if the natural heat be increased by a fiery augementation, this increase doth sone consume the subject, as Galen testifieth, Lib. de inequal. int. et. 1. de Differ. feb. And therefore the augementation is said to be contrary to the natural heat, as well by reason of the agent, as the end. 
As natural heat is cause of life, so the unnatural is cause of death.  And that made Hippocrates to say, that the heat which made the body, doth kill it, in Epid. unto this also Fernelius, doth subscribe. Lib. de spir. et inuat. calid. either because as the vital heat doth cherish all the faculties, or contrarily, by reason of this increase they are weakened, corrupted, and wasted: and by this reason it is called contrary to the natural heat.  
This is confirmed both by the authority of Aristotle 4. meteor. and of Galen. 5. simpt. and also by experience. For we see that all growing and living things in youth, 
Youth and the spring yield pleasure.  and the spring, whiles the natural heat is mean and temperate, how pleasantly they flourish& prosper. But in declination& harvest, the heat& dryth above mean preuailyng, or alyenyd, all things do incline to decay.  
Now when this natural heat in us is weak we ought to increase it with garments, with nourishing meats, 
How heat is maintained.  with comfortable medicines, be it liquid or solid, with moderate frication made of pleasant oils described for the ansient Romaines, by Theion the Gimnasticke, Lib. de gimnast. But better afore for the greeks and in fewer words, of worthy hip. Lib. 2. de dieta. 
By what means Pol. Romul. lived lustily a. 100. yeares& above.  And at large of Galen, whose maner was to omit nothing the might be said, daily used of Polio, Ro. ash affirmed to Angust. the Emperour. Who wondering at his strength,& lively hue, hearing him say that he was above a. 100. yeares old? demanded bi what means he kept himself so lusti& youthful he answered through drinking of meath,& anointing my body with pleasant& aromatike oils, as Pli. testi. li. 22. ca. 24. Rather as well artificial as natural, moderately used,& the body prepared before, can do this also, of which the baths of Buckstones, and of the city of Bathe, of all others be right excellent: as at large may appear in Buckstones benefit, and in baths aid, and in the learned& venerable Doctor, master Turner his book of baths in general. where it may easily be gathered, if with a single eye you compare them, his few shéetes in folio, with my whole work, whether I haue done him any injury, or any other, as some without just cause unjustly hath mutteryd behind me: but néedefully haue added, that which time would not permit him, as he declareth, to accomplish. Applying also forth of others what served for my purpose,( as the best writers use) aleaging the places, rather than wholly to follow mine own iudgement. Famous for the country, beneficial for the inhabitants, and aydefull for the sick, and nothing hurtful to the godly physicians that moderate their gain with Christian charity, 
All men must moderate their gain by christian charity.  all the which is well approved, and therefore any farther here of them to discuss, we will omit to our appendix, following ever purpose, how heat may be added& increased to the weak and feebled parts, in bed, through the company of a little child, and a brood if a little whelp be born on the stomach, greatly commended of Montuus lib. de salubr. tut. often found profitable by some that hath used my counseell, of high birth.  
And this augmentation although it exceed the natural heat in degree, yet it hurteth it not, but increaseth and helpeth it to execute his faculties, functions, and offices. wherefore, right honourable, consider well this one thing which is of great force to take away many doubts? for when we say that the natural heat is hot as fire and that the body is heated or cooled, 
actual heat. actual cold.  and by heat do understand actual heat, and by cold actual cold, that is not distemperature of the parts, it is one thing that hea is increased in degree, it is a nother thing hot distemperature: temperature is not in act, I know that authorities be to the contrary, saith Fallop. Yet hot distemperature accounted of physicians is not heat increased above the degree. For we understand by it, as when a synew is said to be gréened, because more heat is brought unto it, either by reason of nourishment hote and fiery( and hear is more fire lying hide) or else because the finewe is made hot by an outward part hot, which is the cause that the fiery Element receiveth greater force, although it be qualyfied, corrected and restrained.  
And this is distemperature without matter, with matter when the Element is mingled with collar and blood mingled in the parts, as the fiery and bloody Apostemes daily to well declareth.  
But one may say, when a parte is gréened through distemperature hot in act, why is it whoter then if it were not gréened? if this your temperature do not lie open to the iudgment of the sences. You must know that this actual heat hath his subject the spirits: which is continually engendered of that oily or unctuous matter of which all the spermatic partes do consist, skin, sinews, gristles, bones &c. As in our tables of the things natural, where we haue divided them from the sanguine may appear.  
This unctuous matter hath the same mixtion which the bone, sinew, and all other partes haue.  
If this spirit do result from the sinew it is drier saith Fallop and ayrier, and by consequence more dry, that if it were not a sinew of cold distemperature as Galen affirmeth lib. 1. de tempa. et 2. Flement. 
A young man hotter than a child.  worthily therfore this spirit being kindled seemeth hottent.  
Hence it is that man seemeth somewhat hot because his spirit is dry and airy and by consequence the heat conceived, séenieth greater thē in a child, 
A double increase of heat in every part.  for in it that heat is moister and plesanter, in a young man drier, and sharper as Galen expresseth lib. 2. de temper. and therfore in every parte we haue a double increase of heat, that is elemental, and natural, actual, Elemental which causeth distemperature, actual following distemperature.  
The same I say of cold matter,& hence it is that the parts seem could because they haue the most moist oylines in which strong heat and fervent can not be conceived.  
You haue therefore what is ment by distemperature, what by elemental heat, what by natural, and what by that which is contrary to nature.  
These heats if you remember what is discoursed of them, you may easily perceive their operation& in what sort they work, 
The operation of natural heat. & especially the natural in the bodies of growing and living creatures, but chiefly of thē which are governed by understanding, void of error, it hath this operation, that it may change the subject moisture suffering alteration,& doth work upon it as on a subject altering, the one end of this action and passion, doing& suffering, is transmutation which the philosopher, calleth perfection. 
Concoction defined.  And Gal. defineth it to be the alteration of the nurishment in to the quality of the nourished. 1. et. 3 de nat. facult. unto the which also Fernel. doth consent, de ainae facult. Lib. 5.  
But what is this perfection? I say it is only one, albeit ther be more concoccions& alterations analogicalli spoken. The first is, 
Nourish ment through heat made the substance of the parts The natural heat and the parts make one body  when all the parts do work( by this instrument of God) that is, by natural heat, that they may turn the matter into their own substance, that they may make skin, kelles, fat, flesh, veins, arteries, pannicles, sinews, muscles, lizards, tendones, gristels, bones, mary. &c. Neither let this seem marvelous unto you, that it is made the sound& firm parts, when also it is made through natural heat, for you must call to your knowledge, that( this instrument of God) the natural heat,& the parts do make one& the same body, as Fernel. affirmeth, li. de ainae fa. heat hath the reason of the doer, doing, the parts of the sufferer suffering, as Galen proveth, lib. 1. de fac.  
And because denomination is made of the subject we say the flesh engendereth flesh as Arist. teacheth, 2.3. de ge. any. for because in potestate or power it may be such: 
Howe things in potestate, and in actu do differ  although present in act or deed it is not, but shal be as Galan declareth lib. 3. de temp. as for example, we say a child new born is reasonable, and a bide before it be fligge we call fleeing which are not so present, but shal be afterwards. So the minister hereof( Gods instrument,) is natural or temperate heat. And it shalbe no error for to say that the partes shall or do engender like themselves,& that the natural heat engendereth the partes,  

The first altiration on moisture in our bodies.  This to recount is the first& perfect alteraction which is made on moisture in our bodies, whereof Gal. writeth in lib. simpt. where he saith that ther are three alterations made in our bodies, on moisture. One which is made in good matter by natural heat and is brought to perfection whereof( God willing) further shalbe shewed.  
The second alteration is partly good, partly evil, good because it is made of the natural heat, bad, because it is made of heat unnatural thereunto annexed, good because it endeth in a séedy quality, evil because it is made of some parte corrupted.  
The third alteration is made of an evil worker in any evil matter, when the humour is rotten and is moved by rotten heat. And because nothing is more purer and perfect then the substance of the helthy partes, the Philosopher therfore worthily calleth the work of natural heat perfection. For first in our bodies it altereth matter received.  
Secondly it maketh Chilum a juice for nourishing most fit.  
Thirdly of this juice, blood is made,  
Fourthly of blood that spermatic moisture: of the efficient oily moisture, together with the mothers& the blood in hir womb, our lively partes are made: 
Mans generation, how and after what sort.  let Agrippa never so vainly seek to confounded the iudgment of thē: that out of question approveth the same. lib. de vanitat. 5. cient.  
For after they be united in the womb six dayes, the natural heat which is ther, doth embrace the efficient the engendering matter, the sperm, that it is quickly compassed with a fine film( if it be fit, and the place according) like that which is found about the yolk of an egg, termed in greek of hip. lib. de uat. puer. Chorion Secundina of the latins, of most in English, the Sely how: with diverse veins, and arteries, or pulses, as fine and as small as thréeds, which serveth for attraction of juice and spirit, the juice by the navel, for ther are many fine holes as in a Lamprey head, by the which the navel after the seventh day doth draw unto it both spirit and blood, to the nourishing of the engendered, whiles the rest of the matter working, 
The 3. principal parts first framed.  frameth, iii. inwards, whereof proceedeth the liver, heart and brain, having a vein from the navel, drawing up gross blood. Ther is another forked vein unto the which this said thick blood is fashioned, which becometh the liver, for without blood the heart nor the brain or any of the rest of the parts, could not be engendered, nor increased, as Galen excellently proveth. So likewise a pulse or stine artery, conveyeth puer blood and spirit to the framing of the second inward, the heart, as it did by the forked vein to the making of the liver. Of the lightest blood, whereof the lungs be made, and all the breast.  
To the framing of the third inward, or principal part, a great portion of the unctuous matter, the efficient is sent, preparing a college for government? the brain, after, for the better security of so divine a metropolitan, as hip. termeth, lib. de car. unto whose court repayreth the sovereign soul, or intelligence, a substance simplo, incorporate, 
The soul immortal.  severed, impatible, immortal, and everlasting. God nearest imitating to man divine and outwardly coming, as Fernel affirmeth, lib. 5. de ainae facult. And saint Augustine long before him said, 
The soul expressid.  lib. de anima, that it is a substance creatid, invisible, immortal, like unto god, having no Image or shape, except it be of his creator: All the which, the select captain of God Moses approveth most true, in that he sheweth that God made man like to himself. Genes. 1. accompting she worthiest part, for al, which figure is often used in sundry sort and is very laudable: fortified with a fortress of seven bones, the rest of the parts naturally perfected, the babe entereth the light at the seventh, but better at the ninth month.  
Thus the brain you perceive is made in effect of sperm only, by whom and through whose instruments, the pannicles, sinews, muscles &c. Al sense and free actions( according to Gods appointment) do come and proceed in the body,& not from the hart, as many hath said, the which may be perceived by sleep, as Fernel. testifieth, lib. de ainae facult,& long before him Alsaharanius, lib. The.  
Shaped male or female, according to the perfection of heat, or imperfection as Galen most learnedly and deninely teacheth lib. 14. de vsu partium, 
Cause of made& female. & Carda. lib. 12. de subt. Howbeit the males as affirmeth Arist. lib. de long, et breuitate vitae, be of longer life then the females, because the heat in them is more proportionable, and the moisture also more firm. And therefore he concludeth, that the length and shortness of life consisteth not in greatness nor smallness of stature, 
Short& long life, The natural cause.  whether it be of things growing, or living, endued with blood or without blood, on the earth, or upon the water: but in the toughnes of the unctuous substance containing in it the good temperature of heat.  
So that this work of al other most wonderful, is gods doings, as well Athiestes as ethnics, 
Gods operation is in many thigs above mans understanding.  the godless& faithless must confess, for the action and use doth approve it. But to know the certain faculty, by which it doth it, it is not for mans wisdom to understand, nor without great reverence and admiration, the safe delivery& maner therof can be preached.  
Let the vipours tongs of malicious detractors never so angelic insinuate their own words& devises, to the derogation of all them which, to their uttermost as their acts declareth, 
Scanderous tongues are to be preferred to the stàbe before roges.  do studiously seek the advancement and setting fourth of al gods benefits. Oh, abominable conspiracy, oh, cursed envy, oh, horrible iniquity, worthy not only of dathā& Abirans selicitie, unless they mend& spée delie cry for mercy: but also of condign punishment for abusing them which under public authority to their great pain and charges do travell for common commodity.  
Behold now as it were, in a word, discoursed( right prudent& most honourable earl) the diversity of alterations accomplished by heat, original of the principal parts, mans generation, life, frame faculty &c. With also the immortality of the soul, that divine portion, celestial intellection. 
This discourse sheweth gods providence and mans wit.  All the which doth not only express the incomparable wisdom and passing providence of god our Creator, but also the prerogative of mans wit, as Galen testifieth. lib. ult de vsu part. and Peter Bovaistuaw in his discourse of the dignity of man. where he compriseth with the body the excellency of the soul. Which although it be enclosed for a season in these frail partes of our natural body. nevertheless it is of celestial substance, and remembreth the gifts of grace, it despiseth terestriall things, because it feeleth to haue from thence, his proper affinity and natural alliance: Whereof the learned works of the catholic, 
That which is of heaven is heavenly  holy, and devout divines, are full of examples. So that I refer you thether, supposing not with out great reason, Gods minister natural or temperate heat, to yield in the parts of growing and living things natural perfection, which so long as it is perfectly, effectually, naturally, and royally in them, so long they increase, and we haue( God assisting) our health, life, spirites, operations and powers &c. wherefore, seeing, it so standeth: it behoveth al men to haue an eye to these things, and in what sort they spend their time, and howe providently they be in preserving the state of each parte, seing thence the actions proceed. 
favourably magistrates, are to be greatly cherished, and preserved, and the abusers of them to be notably punished.  And in especially the trusty and politic gouernours, for howe often hath it been proved, that the loss of one loyal and wise ruler hath been the loss are deprauings of the whole estate, as you may read in the works of losephus, Titus livius, and infinite others.  
But of the good effects Simpathia, unity, agréements of the spirites, humors and members, health is not only preserved, but also our life is prolonged, and our sences made more perfect.  
Most excellently therfore is it said of divine Plato, that the body doth so depend on the mind, that unless the mind be in good health the body cannot be: seeing we can neither maintain health present, nor restore it absent, 
Of the effects or operations of the spirites.  except the passions, and affections be revoked to due measure, for the body is wasted and the blood corrupted of continual desire and love, as Mos. affirmeth, aph. 7.  
whereby it appeareth that it both belong not only to a moral Philosopher and a divine: but also to a physician to frame and fashion the manners of the mind, as Gal, 
The mind is to be kept with in his limits as well as the body A physician can no less frame the manners of the mind than a Philosopher.  affirmeth 1. de sanit, tuend.  
To this iudgement also Necomensis doth agree: thence cometh that saying forth of the greek Epigr.  

Aeselepius, and Plato eke,  
he that did physic find:  
Produced for the body thone,  
the other for the mind.   
Through the physician cometh not only health of the body but also of the mind,& in the mind ther are troubled thoughts eugendred, through evil life, not well trained, through discrasye of body. For by reason of evil life, not well instructed,( neglecting the sacred and pure word of God) that we may rule our affections, we fall to the governance of them,& through ignorance& false doctrine, wrong& perverse opinions& iudgments are induced into the reasonable part of the spirit, for that they judge good, evil, and evil good.  
But of distemperatue of the body, whether it be natural from the womb, of the vicious sperm of the Parents, as Ap●rod, affirmeth,& Hier. in comp. curat. or accidental, evil passions do spring, as to often it is seen in thē the fall to be sick of frenzy, madness, Melancolia. &c.  
Where phantasy, reason, or remembrance is lost, some supposing themselves, 
diverse kinds of madness doth arise of diverse distemperatures of the body  Birds, some beasts, some Fishes, some Glasses, some Angels, some divels, &c. All for the most parte coveting their own destruction, as Galen teacheth. 3. de loc. affect. Paul. Aegenet. li. 3. gored. in pract. Arn. de Morb. cur. lib. 1. Val. in Phil. far. lib. 5. de part, morb.& Symp. Fuchs. lib. 1 de medend morb. mount. in cons. Montuus in Ana morb. Amat. in Cent. 1. &c.  
And it is plentifully proved with Galen, that the manners of the mind( I except those that be select by divine grace, and that be directed by the word and spirit of god) do follow the temperature of the body. But the physician can preserve the best temperature, and restore the dacayde: yea also alter it, if so be his regiment in time be received, as these verses most excellently counseleth.  

seek physic at the first,  
it is to late at length:  
When euells by prolonging,  
haue gotten their strength.   

The constitution of the art of physic.  And this most reasonable arte is constituted of three, as hip. proveth, lib. 1. de morb. popul. that is of the sick patient, the sickness, and the physician minister of the arte. So that this wise the sick with the physician consenting and conspiring against the sickness, it is in his power to make marvelous alterations.  

what physic can do, through the learned physician.  Yea( as affirmeth Hirenonimus Montuus chief physician to Henry the .ix. French king, and one of his most honourable privy counsel,) to make of vicious men, good, of aueritius or covetous men, liberal, of ryotus, sober, of lascivious and wanton, chased and temperate, of dastades, courageous Captaines and valiant champions.  

Good custom what it doth.  And that not only through mighty herbs and medicines, but also through good custom of each of these, meat, drink, exercise, seeing, héereing, speaking. In which is contained whatsoever the laws divine or civil, as well old as new, public is private, whether they mean penalties, or do promise rewards. cap. 7.  

effects of the spirits moderated.  After this maner the flesh is made obedient to the spirit, for the appetitiue spirit proceeding from the liver, being moderated by motions, is made obedient to all rule.  
over the which the reasonable spirit proceeding from the brain, ought to bear government, and sovereignty, no less then the Carter over his team, 
The appetitue spirit proceedeth from the liver.  and draft of horses. Which universally is proper to virtues, as Arist, writeth, lib. pure. art.  
The which if any shall seem to haue attained naturally, yet as Erasmus writeth, in Inchirid. milit. Christ. he may not impute it to merit. For that which is natural because it can be but such deserveth no praise, 
The rational spirit from the brain  seeing it cometh not of himself, but is bestowed on him.  
Neither is ther naturally only perfection or virtue as Monta. approveth to the reasonable spirit referred, namely, wisdom, prudence, and knowledge. But also to the irrassible or bold& couragius, 
The irrassible spirit proceedeth from the hart. Iustice defined, what in a just man is required.  as tuli termeth it ●usc. question, manlines, and audacity, and temperance of the appetitiue afore said, through the mutual symmetry or unity of which three faculties. Iustice doth a rise: and Iustice is a will perpetual and constant which giveth to every one his right. justi. in institu. whereupon consequently you see it followeth( be he never born to so great a dignity, or of never so large a patrimony, or never so wealthy,) that he can not be a just man, unless he be temperate, mighty, and wise.  
Temperate subduing pride, wordly ambision, lust, the flesh, and evil affection, the devil, to humility, continenci●, and constancy( a mean) as did the holy captain Moses, as losep. writeth lib. de legib.& trad. iud. 
1 temperancy as   
W●● rather knew such passions by that he saw them in others, than that he had any in himself, the which is confirmed by his Oration made at his death, in the field of Abila. And Pride, Lust, Selfelone, and Lieking, because they be contrary to reason, every where deceive the Iudgement, hinderith Law, and finally drenchith all indifferency. read Seneca, Plato, Arist. tuli. Plot. &c.  

2. Puissanti a byding all fortunes 15 best perceuid.  mighty, puissant, and courageous, as was Antigonus, who said to one of his Captaines half dismayed, for how many count you our person. Lest through féeblenesse of spirit, want of strength, and lack of valiauncie, ye yeld unto Minacis threatenings, agreeing to unlawful& vnsitting conditions, as the consul of the Romaines did, as you may read in the history of sallust. for threatening unto them that lack Magnamitie, Power, Vnde, Dauntith, and dismayeth.  

Kingly government, why. Nobility whence. Rulers the cause  Hence therfore for repressing of tyrants, chastising the insolency of the wicked, conseruining of Iustice,& advancing of the virtuous, Rose puissant, Regiments, kingdoms, Empires, &c.  
here-hence also sprung dukedoms, Marquesis, earldoms, passports, Barons, Barronnets, Knights, &c.  
Hence likewise came Deputies, Presidents, Lieftenaunts, Wardons, Maiors, bailiffs, Aldermen, Graues, Constables &c. For as the natural body without his own head nought availeth, so fareth with the politic. Of Which politic estates, red( because our promised brevity will not permit a large discourse) if you think us to compendious, Arist. politics, and metaphysics. Homers Rapside, opera S. Hieronimi. S. cyprian. S. Dion, de demune. 
monarchy, the best government  Chelidon, Tigur, de principe &c. Of Monarchia, which is the government that is absolute, that is to say, by on only King, or head, it is the most excellent, the best approved& most received of al, for it imitateth no other, thē the best pattern, the only ruler of al things, one god. The Aristocratian commen wealth, 
Aristoc. with the maner of it  which is the government by the most Noble, most Rich,& Sagest sort of people, is deciffered by Solon, Ligurg. Demost. Cicero, &c. Howeit because it so far differeth from the rule of nature, who hath given to all kindes of living things one head, or chief Ruler, it deserveth rather dispraise then any commendation. And many men you know many wits.  

Democratia the worst kind of government.  Lastly, the Democratian commen wealth, which is the government of the people, where all their counsel and aduise is had together in one, is expressed of Dionis. sciracusianus, Eufrates, Othanes, Herminius, Polido. &c. And this of al other is most monstrous, for ther was never seen any thing well executed, nobly atcheued, or luckily finished, where every man had an ore, the proverb is plain.  

There can be no accord,  
where every man wilbe a Lord.   

The commen people unconstant.  The vulgar people are the original of errors& fantasies, Author of evil customs, louers of innovations, reiecters of Disciplines, contemners of Magistrates, and scorners of the sage and wiser sort, as teacheth the Philosopher in his ethics.  
Of which wisdom incident of Princes Potentates, and Iudges, as parcel of the former tripartie division is to be remembered.  

3 wisdom defined Nothing is comparable to wisdom wise men are of magistrates, highli to be esteemed  Wise, Learned,& virtuous, that soueraigncie may be made between truth& deceit, ignorance& knowledge, godliness& ungodliness. For wisdom is defined to be the noblest thing in nature, together with Science& understanding. The which is confirmed by Salomon, the celestial orator, where he saith, the all things was nothing worth to him in comparison of wisdom& knowledge,& thereupon saint jerome exhorteth all Magistrates, the when they find a wise, faithful, and diligent man, they ought to keep him as their own hearts.  
moreover, Marcus Aurelius the Emperour, said to his physicians, the if any thing wanted in a wise man by nature, he supplied it by science: but the ignorant& foolish for lack of understanding supplieth it with malice. 
Ignorant men malitius,   
To be short Plato the divine Philosopher knowing that no humane government( if we shal refer things as we ought to a natural end) could be established with out the use and knowledge of wisdom& science, said. Common weal shall well and happelie be governed when they be governed by wise and learned men, or by those that shall employ their studies to wisdom and virtue. 
wise men can beste govern,  Well approving by what spirit he spake, seing we see daily how that such as follow their sensual lust, the flesh, covetousness and ambision, the vainglorious spirit, the world, desceit, detraction, and addulation, the devil And those also to whom nature hath denied, or infirmity depraved, as Idiots, Dolts, Lunatikes, Frantikes, and blockheads, can no more judge right from wrong, truth from falsehood, virtue from 'vice: than the blind can try colours. And where natural ignorance, or infirmity by accidence, and sensuality reigneth both temperance, power, and wisdom is abused, as affirmeth sir Thomas Eliot his governor. 
virtue defined  And virtue is defined, to the knowledge of things to be avoyded, and of things to be desired and loved, as sheweth Brasmus in Inchirid, milit. Christ.  
Hence that the works of godliness and virtue might shine every where before men, and glorify God the author of them, preaching, baptizing, and celebrating the bread of thanks giving, 
¶ Pristhoode why.  &c. Rose Priesthood, ministery, Prelatie, and Primatie &c. read Moses oration made at his death, extant with Iosephus in the treatise translated by him, fu●●h of Hebrew into greek, entitled the Order,& laws of the Iewes common weal, the book of Exodus, of Numery, and of Iosua, the Epistles, to the hebrews, the acts and Canons of the Apostles, and of the primitive Church, saint John Chrisost, vpon the Epistle to the hebrews, saint Barnard, Isidorus, Petrus, lombard. lib. 14. dist. 24. &c. Clictorius also of the priests of the Gentiles, albeit they were wholly addicted to al kind of idolatry and superstition, Deodorus of the priests of the babylonians name Chaldes caesar in his commentaries of the Drudes, I itus livius Decades, of the romans, flamines, Sir davi Lins. of the 5. monarch, johannes Leon his history of Affrica, by the prudent and valiant Knight sir Anthony Stréele made english after the French phrase by Elegant translation, 
sir Anthony Streely translator of the history of affrica  Francis Alneres history of Ethiopia, Preter John his Empire, with Albunamarke the patriarch, where he and the rest of the Priests are discifred. Theatrum mundi of Petrus Leune. All the which most manifestly declareth, that no Barbarous, or Turkish estate( much less a civil and Christian) without Religion can be governed, nor without estates and degrees in the same executed.  
How highly therfore sound Religion, Gods word, is to be embraced, and the ministers therof to be esteemed, 
Degrees& livings always aswell for the clergy as for temporalty. Officers why  every faithful, godly,& wise man seeth. For the maintenance whereof, they haue& be rightly endued with living answerable to each of their cauling, imparting to the poor and needy some portion.  
Hence moreover came high marshals, Chauncelors, Tresurers, Iudges, Doctors, Serieaunts, Shirrifes, Iustices, Proctors, principals, Wardens, Masters, receivers, Awditors, Cumtrollers, Customers, Cofferers, merchants, with all other Officers, Faculties, Artes, and mysteries, whatsoever they be that conserve, maintain, and instruct the humane society in godliness, peace, health and wealth.  

Parlements, Councelers, Commissioners. Such as Libel against  here-hence, to conclude, sprung parliaments, holy counsels, high commissioners, convocations, Consultations, Dissiplines, and all other of this kind. For little availeth arms abroad, except counsel be at whom, Cicero in office.  
Let them that bark against the holy calling of Blessed bishops, and libel against approved, trusty& most sacred counsellors, or arm against Princely policy, Quiet unity, godly majesty, Kingly suprema●ie more doltish than Dolphines, ignoranter than Elephants, senslesser then Cranes,) never so desperately, rebel, Mutini, 
wherein reasonable creatures show themselves more senseless than bests Birds,& fishes,  or cry to the contrary, read as well the canonized Scriptures, and writings, of the ancients, as of the Later divines, or Philosophers, Plato, and Arist. Polit. Tull. de repub. joseph of the estate of the Iewes, Titus livius, of the estate of the Romaines, Plin, his natural history, Celid. de princip. sir Thomas Eliots governor, saint Hierom( his Hexomero, Saint Chrisost. officis calvin his Institue. Musc. expoc. Bishop jewels Apoll. fox his two I omes of acts and monuments, doctor Rush his Presidence to a Prince, doctor Whitgiftes answer against the Libel, put into the parliament, with his last work, of most excellent defence, and doctor Humfre his book, de vita& morte Iuelli. &c.  
where if learning, authority, or wisdom,( which judge all things,) will serve, may be found that will satisfy: unless obstinately, and sedisiously, they intend to persever.  

The quiet, and prosperous reign of Elizabeth.  Considering also héer with after nature that it is ever better to be ruled and nourished by the own deign only, than by the Stepdame: for the one naturally cherisheth, feedeth, and defendeth: the other unnaturally, carelessly, churlishly, and craftily, repineth.  
And in a word dutifully to say my judgement, our State God be magnified for it, and always to preserve it, hath in no age or reign ben more politicly ruled, quietlier defended, or mercifuller executed, nor the subiectes never better flourished, than under Elizabeth our gooly& most absolute majesty, immediately under God, and onely, read if you list, that can the old chronicles of the Brittens,& Romaines: you that can not our own, is Policronicō, Frosarde, Fabian, haul, Cooper, stow, Grafton, &c. And ye shall find it most true.  
now the wise and prudent, remembreth things pass, considereth things to come, and that according to past, considreth of things present, 
Omit the line past.  and foreséeeth things to come, and that according to the condition of the State, and nature of the country: calling, place, and time of each one, propriety of every thing, and necessity of the use, weighing Iustice, distributive, 
what the wisest do note and observe.  and commutative. yielding right to one God onely, to each degree privately, regarding the person, and to al a like in universal, without exception: setting a parte Parcialities, sects, and Singularities. For, 
A worthy saying of tuli.  as Ciero saith, he that studieth for parte of the people and neglecteth the rest, bringeth to the city or State, civil dissension, daily tumults, and in fine, terrible destruction. Lib. 1. de office. Howe Gardantly therfore these are to be Regarded, wise men easily seeth.  
But howe wisdom& Prudence can be ascended vn to, the opinion false, Iudgement unperfect, and knowledge wanting: I find not. 
Health defined, and sickness.  For in such the body& mind is depraved of their natural actions: seeing the state of the perfect& helthie is definded to be an affect according to nature apt to perform the actions▪ sickness, contrarilie, lettig& hindering thē. As proveth Gal. lib. de opt. corp. const. in sanit, tuend. lib. de ainae mor.& corp. temp. munt. comes. And in a hundred other places, with six hundred others of the most learned and approved physicians. What need more words, you perceive as well by reason and authority, as by experience: whereof ariseth, Iustice, Power, Honor, Rule, Religion &c.  
And howe likely it is to haue a will perpetual and constant doing to all men right, the actions depraved, the sences corrupted, the affections followed, the partes distempered.  

Nature before arte and wiser. Appeal● why.  When as nature is first and also wiser than arte, as Galē affirmeth, 1. de vsu. part. 1. de sanit, tuend& mount. in coment. de simp. med. facult. Learning Art,& discipline, following orderly after, for armor, Munition& Shot.  
Hence therfore ●ose appeals, from Iustice to judge, from Presidente to Prince, from Prelate to Primate &c. For unto Antigonius, the sober and temperate, said the strained I appeal: And truly not without good cause the histories report, for he was then distempered with& cup of Magis, which after being sober, revoked his sentence, and spared his life.  
The like-example( i, Androcides precepts) of intemperance& repentance we haue of great Alexander, 
What drunkenness doth  who after he had in his drunken mood executed one of his noblest Captaines,& best be loved clytus, being returnid to his former mildness, for sorrow would haue murdered himself.  

Why ministers life and death go before the ministers of goods  Héerehence again mighty Magistrates, high marshals, Serieauntes Maiors, Corporalles, Captaines, Herauldes, and in brief all Ministers of the soul, and body, life and health, goods of the body and goods of the mind, take place before the ministers of the goods of Fortune, Possessions, Annities, Chatels, Kents, exchainge &c.  
Howe great soever be their lands, and Tresures, wanting worthiness and place of the other callings, degree and life, according. Agéeable and consonant to the old saying, near is my shirt, but nearer is my skin, lying hereby doubtless howe goods are after a sort( if the hart be not set vpon them) to be honestly sought and cared for, 
what we ought cheiflye to seek, accordig to the iudgment of saint Gregory  but health of soul and body, a virtuous life, the common wealth, much more, if we shal give credit to the godly counsel of saint Grigory, or to the worthy example of the head men, the Senators, Aldermen of Athens, being infidels, following altogether natural reason, wise policy, ignorant both of God and his word.  
And yet would not abide at the Tragedi of Euripides, to hear saying the words of a certain detestable covetous man, which preferred money before all other commodities. O happy Athens, and state every where ten thousand times blessed, where chiefly wisdom is embraced, honesty coveted, and the common wealth maintained. For in al estates these be the causes why al men were and be advanced, honoured and extolled, as appeareth by that Iosephus was with Vespassian, photion with Alexander, and Cato, with the Romaines, and as I haue said of these I might say of thousands. And not because of riches, which now a dayes men for the most part so much cover, 
Bankerootes.  that if they may come by it, they force not how: as the Bankerouts that hath ben of late, with the extreme Vserers to well declareth. 
Vserers.  Of doctor Wilson learnedly discoursed. Wishing, that some goodly Philosopher could course that Hidius Monster Peide likewise forth of the country. 
Pride   
To be short, 
red Lodon. L. Loyde. Pilgrimage of Princes.  use( as it becometh godly persons in all your actions one plain, friendly, and simplo dealing, applying after nature, appetite, for compitent nourishment and lawful propagation, Courage for quiet defence, and reason to a virtuous end. If for Gods servants refurmed Christians you will be accounted and with the elect Sainctes and Angels you mean to haue fellowship? or in the godly governed common weal you intend to live as members worthy of calling? or in the same to be unpunished: seeing to this end all regiment extendeth. Hence lastly, the just Iudges of assize hath ben appointed, Iustices of the peace provided, 
Iudges Iustices Ordinaries. & Ordinaries in every Arch deconry constituted, the so the hopeless; Barators might be executed, the Quiet from the dangerous Disturbers defended,& the Abusers of themselves viciously, and unchristianly reformed: or as godless,& irreligious excommunicated.  
Thus to finish( as in a word) our discourse of government, to governors,( right loyal Magistrate) it appeareth cléerer than mid day, not onely the diversity of estates and governments, whereof we consist, what assisteth us, what we ought to seek, and what to avoid: But also the high wisdom, that this sacred Arte yieldeth, the necessary use and great need of the learned and expert in physic.  

Of the use of physic  Let them that lack their wits, knowledge, and understanding, never so fond babble to the contrary.  
worthily therfore as in Baths aid, I haue supposed to be by laws provided for, of temporal or exclesiasticall revenues: whereunto the commons of so mighty a diadem might frequent. Right godly and friendly considered of some reverend Fathers, 
Stipends for physicians  and careful Pastors, for the needful use& commodities of al their neighbours: Enduing the learned and authorized physicians, with prebends Residensaries. Knowing very well as all other wise& learned men, doth that unto whom should men repair for the use, aid,& understanding of things apertinent to this most needful& beloved Arte, which conserveth health, mendeth the decayed, 
What physic can do.  and prolongeth life as hip. proveth lib. de Arte, de Flatib. de Dieta &c. and Galen in sanit. tuend. in Therap. and in Cornelius Celsus. lib. 1. in Proe. with other learned physicians. Yf not, unto them that be skilful therein in every province appointid, orderly called, after the custom of the university. And therfore reverently to be used and esteemed, and worthily rewarded, as Iesus sirach willeth cap. 12.  
Howbeit the Constituter of the Art hip. li. de decen. ornat. And Galen his expounder, willeth lib. quod opt. medicus idem. sit.& Philos. that physicians be religious and godly geuin, 
A physicians manners described of old.  just in word and deed, constant continent, modest, mannerly, comfortable, contemners of money, diligent to their patients, coveting their health, that they might sung the sickes dayes, and Studious and learned in their faculties. &c.  
Hence the error is manifest of all thē, if you consider what is discoursed, that deny physic to sung life, or proroge it.  

Arguments proving how physic can proroge life.  For if life consist in the action of the spirites, and the spirites subject to diverse distemperatures of the body which doth shorten mans life: then that which can take away the distemperature which would shorten the life, doth sung it: but physic can do that, ergo physic can sung life.  

Another.  
The body always floweth, and that which continually floweth can not remain such unless ther be an addition, for that which departeth, and that which is added can not be assimulated, the virtues depraved, by means whereof life is shortened: But the virtues impedited, physic can restore, ergo, physic can sung life.   

again  
All that is received for nourishment is not assimulated, by means whereof excrements are engendered, which being stopped, enduse sickness that would shorten the life: the which physic daily doth amend: ergo, physic doth daily sung life.  
But in stead of prolongers of life, and under the colour of the profitable using therof: 
Of the abuse of physic  diverse( notwithstanding the laws) abuse it, as haul in his expostulation hath probably proved. Whereof some be natives? some foreuers? But they came not by it in England( as they say) but out of far fet Regions, as Insula Fort, 
physic abused aswell by our own country men, as by strangers.  Vtopia, or Terra Florida. I cry you mercy, I haue spoken in your cast. I should haue said Terra Folida. boasting not a little their far fet wears and cunning: setting up banners, showing seals, hanging up trumpery as relics, in deed of liueles bodies, proclaiming of wunders in Cities, towns, Martes, markets, fairs, and Churches: as if the state had appointed them. So likely is it that it hath limited them, that ther is ordained grievous punishment for all such as presume to take vpon them the practise and rule, either in city, town, or country, of an Arte so noble and easy to be attained: 
What books do declare the learning required in phisitians.  that of all other it is most learned? hardistly compassed? and perilously practised: as the Prince of physic Hippocrates not only proveth, Lib. de M●di. de decent. o●nat.& Aphor. 1. But also Galen the only phoenix of physicians, in exhort. ad bonos artes descend. Lib. de sect. de optimo secta. ad Theras. de optimo decend Gene. With the rest of the learned and sacred Fathers of physic: howsoever Archdoltes account it: 
¶ Alcamists. read master Kinders confutation of Paracelsus. chirurgeons ought not to gene any inward medicines nor discect any member with out the physician.  not a little truly to be merueled at, that seeing howe al other Corporations, Companies, and fellowships( as far inferior as between the body and the garment) do every where extend the laws in each behalf provided: that likewise the abuse héerin according to the Statutes is not reformed: and the vnadmitted, the ignorant prohibeted. Who when they come where they think that they shal not be bewrayed nor controwled; will say that they be Spagiricall physicians, a devise of none of our learned Fathers ever taught or allowed. Right excellent well of Master Kinder in his confutations described. But if they think that any present can reprove them, then they be Surgians, not chirurgeons: which if they were; so far as that worthy parte of physic extendeth, they were worshipfully to be entreated, for it only is exercised about wounds, ulcers, Apostemes, Dis●●nitings, and bones broken &c. Cutting, Couching, Launsing, Pricking, Stitching, Scarifiyng, Cauterising, &c. As Tugalt. teacheth in his Insti. Guid. Vigo, Lanfranke. &c. And not inward matters where eye and hands is not used, neither yet in these without the learned physician.  

¶ Moore our country man comparable herein to any Stranger. unlawful meddlers either in physic or chirurgery, are inquirable at assizes& Smodes, together with such chirurgeons& Apoticaries, as minister any medicines.  Albeit of our own Nation as well for the incision for the ston, as the Ruplure, and coching of the Caterike, &c. Ma. Phillip More in method, fasilitie, preparing of the body, and defending of accidences, I think not inferior to any. And therefore by the authority of the university is lisensed both to practise in physic& Chirurgery: and so may any other that shall be found worthy. An order right commendable endusing safety: And therfore most necessary. So that it were requisite at assizes, Sessions, and Sinodes, it were inqu●ereable: seeing that in the whole charge, ther is not many things more néedefully given. Well what need to the wise many words. revolve again mine Epistle directed five yeers past, as well to the university of Cambridge, as to the Colege of physicians in London, wroten vpon the travell, description of the Countres, and practise had in all the Cities,& chief towns of this Land, with the Countres of thirty shears& above,& the abuse of this Arte may sufficiently be noted. A matter I suppose not a little to be weighed, least the students should be discouraged, the learned defrauded, and the sick every where abused, seeing such suffered creeping under adulation flattery, as Erasmus in Moria Encominm. sheweth. By that means now and then animated, of some that haue authority to punish. whereupon it is come to pas as mount. affirmeth lib. de comp. curat. fol. 70. that such as hath in all learned ages, ben highly honoured, greatly esteemed,& notably provided for, 
¶ Note this well  be now notwithstanding equipolent discipline, prepostrusly handled, by some the judge as it seemeth their weak wits, able to match with Attlas strong strength, shot at in the Musket of disdain, 
physic through abuse, hath not his ancient estimation.  with Blanchpouder stolen forth of Democritus Storehouse, kindled by the suchwood of Baccus imping, or fired from the quaft Fume of Cirsces enchanted cup, or from Momus maimed mouth: or in fine, from zoilus labouring lips. Such praise deserveth these sageles, that for a Cinike they will perhaps enrowle me, because I touch so far the vanities: Howbeit I shall willingly be contented, so to be accounted, of all them that want not their wits, which had rather to haue sickness then health, grief thē ease, a stinking careas then a sweet body, maimed limbs, then sound partes &c.  

Reasonable men weigheth things reasonably.  But if no reasonable man be of that iudgement, then take this to be written for your benefit( if happily you come by it) as matter to this present discourse very incident and requisite, lest to soon you rot, and to late repent, and had I wist, always doth come to late. Concluding with our artificial composition, conferred with the aforesaid Authors, and approved physicians, not over hastily or vnmaturely accomplished, aswell for the quantities as operations, which faculty hath an affinity with our natural heat.  

Temperat heat in radical humidite, what it doth  The which temperate heat in radical humidity consisting, conserved, our youthly youth, happy health, and lovely life remaineth, it lost? halting age, sorrowful sickness, and devouring Death destroyeth.  
And truly the aforesaid doctor mount. opinion lib. de sal. tut. cap. 8. in my iudgement is not to be misliked, who thinketh the the selicitie of life is not to be placed in witches, 
¶ felicity, wherein it consisteth  revenues,& abundance, nor in Warfare, or chivalry, nor in renown& glory, neither in good Arts& Scienses, neither in Priesthood nor in pleasure, or towardness, as Facsius writeth, in Dial. de vitae felicitate, but in a helthy& long life, which goeth nearest and maketh and prepareth the way to that immortality, through which the happy souls of Christians shall perpetually enjoy in those blessed seats.  
But hereof lastly, I trust shall suffice in this place, of the insinewating to preserve health, effects of the spirits, correcting of affections, disorders, executing laws. &c.  

A preservative water The author cosoned in London by an Alcamist, the last year of king Edward. No agreement about the matter of Aurum Potabile  And we will proceed to our preservative water, albeit that it cannot make a man Immortal, as some of such a composition dotinglie haue dreamed being lulled by Lullius a sleep, lib. de Quintiessentia. Consuming as well their own substance, as deluding others. Whereof in Prime yeares I bad to good experience. seeking( as they will haue it) the Philosophers ston, Aurum potabile, of the Arabians, elixir. Yet so that one appointeth one matter, and another, another: taking their ground from this principle, that is, that every thing naturally containeth in itself, the seed of his own kind. Which in deed although it be most true: nevertheless not in such sense as the which is commonly called Quintaessentia, a dram therof powred into 200. dramines of melted lead or lin, can change it into fine gold, as Ambian, maketh brute. to speak, Lib. 2. de abdit. rerum. cau. Or that a man can be made by Arte, either always to be kept in this world alive, it is out of the compass of all Artes. Although on Philippus a Philosopher in Galens time, wrote a book, affirming that a man might be kept immortal, as mount. testifieth, lib. de sa. tut.  

Quintessence, what.  The Quintessence in every deed, is as much to say, as the fifth substance. An extract of the purest properties of the four elements whereof the composition consisteth, as Vlstad. affirmeth, lib. de secret. natur. yielding so much the more effectual operation as it is made finer by attraction of the ●●rie and aierye substance, from the watery and earthy qualities. 
diverse waters of great virtues: if they be used as time, age, region, nature, sickness &c. do require.  By reason whereof this Quintessence or preservative Water( be it of you rightly ordered as without boast of me it is devised& delivered) far passeth Remundus, aqua vitae, or Benidictus Eleazor, or doctor Steuenes aqua composita. or Glanfyldes Quintessence, or Burcotes Decoction, all which truly, are worthy praise. But they respect not three partes of the Arte curative: First Euectick, whose scope is to keep the helthie in the same State. Analepticke whose office is to help them that be grieved. And Prophilacticke, which preventeth diseases, and helpeth the neuter crazed, as is expressed of Galen in lib. ad Thras. where the rest of the partes to heal sicknesses are distinguished.  

☞ R. rhubarb. Ana. 3. j.  
Turb. Agar. Ana. 3. j.  
Aloe. Ana. 3. j.  
Mirabol. S. gener. Ana. 3. j.  
Tamamarind. ind. Ana. 3. j.  
Spicaenard. Ana. 3. j.  
Ligni aloes. Ana. 3. j.  
Xilobalsami. Ana. 3. j.  
Salsae parigliae. Ana. 3. j.  
Enula campana. Ana. 3. j.  
Rad angel. Ana. 3. j.  
Zinzibris. Ana. 3. j.  
Calamus aromat. Ana. 3. j.  
Galangae. Ana. 3. j.  
Zedoariae. Ana. 3. j.  
Cubeb. Ana. 3. j.  
Cardamomi. Ana. 3. j.  
Granorp. parad. Ana. 3. j.  
Gariophil Ana. 3. j.  
maces. Ana. 3. j.  
Piperis albi. Ana. 3. j.  
Nucis Musc. Ana. 3. j.  
Cinamomi selec ounce. ij  
Sennae Alex. ounce. j.  
Epith. ounce. ij.  
Mannae granat. 3. vj.  
Stecados rab. 3. ij.  
Sem. Anisi. Ana. 3. iij  
Carui, Coriand. Ana. 3. iij  
Foeniculi. Ana. 3. iij  
Vuepassae. pug. j  
Amigd, dulc. excort xuj  
Dact. prep. viij.  
Florum Boraeg. Ana. pu. d.  
Bugl. Ana. pu. d.  
Anthos. Ana. pu. d.  
Folior, chelid. Ana. pu. d.  
Rut. Ana. pu. d.  
Brioniae. Ana. pu. d.  
Salniae. Ana. ounce. j  
Betonicae. Ana. ounce. j  
Menthae. Ana. ounce. j  
Ambros. Ana. ounce. j  
Melissae. Ana. ounce. j  
carded. Bened. Ana. ounce. j  
Brassicae. mari. Ana. ounce. j  
Vini. rubelli quod hody  
vocant. Claret. lib. xiiij  
Cerebella passer. vj  
Pom. gra. adul. Comp. ij  
Aqua Cinamom. lib. d.  
Gum. Arabic. ounce i.d.  
Aquarum, florum Ana. ounc. vj  
Borag. Ana. ounc. vj  
Buglossi. Ana. ounc. vj  
Violarum. Ana. ounc. vj  
Rosarum. Ana. ounc. vj  
☞ Tragea nost, ounc. j.d.  
Diasatirion. ounce. j  
Thaeriaca And. 3. vj  
Fol. aur. et argent. An. xx.  
Margarit.  
Vtriusque coralli in pull. dram. d.  
Mosci opt. scr. d.  
Zaccari alb. clarif. ounce. v   
Miseantur et ponantur secundum Artem in allimbico, vitreo, et destilletur aqua quae jure nuncupaetur, Aqua inuentutem conseruans, et vitam procrastinans.  

The effects that this water yieldeth.  THis Quintessense, most beloved earl, may justly be called the Water preserving youth, prolonging life, and defending from sicknesses. Right profitable for many young and old, because it belpeth Nature, strengtheneth the stomach, causeth Appetite, comforteth the brain, assisteth the liver, reviveth the Hart, by means whereof ther followeth good digestion, puer blood, and fine Spirites: yielding therefore quicker Senses, nimbler Partes, prompter Actions and virtues, as the attractive, retentive, digestive and expulsive: giuing heat to the cooled Partes, strength to the feeble, binding the Lose, and opening the Bound, dispersing oppilations and dissolving swellinges, as well in the ways as in the merchants: Therfore profitable to them that haue the boue Ache, Palsies, Numnes, pain in the joints, and for most sorts of gouts. Also it helpeth procreation in weak and cold persons, defending from the Ptissicke, prevaileth greatly,( against Hidropesis, green sickness, evil habitte of the Body, melancholy griefs, and pains of the spleen, and taketh away the Agew fits, taken an hour( three dayes together) before the fit come. moreover it stayeth the swimming and turning of the head, helpeth hearing and sight to preserve, defendeth from the Plague and Contagion, enlargeth the Breath, breaketh and dissolveth wind, helping Hiaca and Collica Passio caused therof. The rheum also that proséedeth through a raw Stomach, moist brain, and following it stayeth. In fine a sweet breath it yieldeth, Youth, beauty and laziness it maintaineth. fair collar of Face and Body it causeth, with Solublenes of the womb. &c.  
But albeit that it had an hundred virtues more answerable to the manifold virtues of the worthy and notable simples entering into the composition well know en, and approved of your Lordship. Yet would I haue remembered that learned saying of Fernel. Ambiarnis lib. 2. de Abdit. rerum causis cap. ult: where he saith, 
A notable saying of Fernlius.  that grievous is the impudency of them, and also intolerable, which having gotten an excellent Medicine, without all Arte, without all iudgement, offereth it to the curation of the sick. A thing in these our dayes to common, as we haue said,& therfore I haue written it in latin. 
Why the Receipt is in latin.  That so the learned and expert, may dispense the ingredience, or from me all may haue it perfect. Least any that be ignorant should abuse it, as they do the most sort of all good inventions, through the missiking either of simplo, quanti●●●, or use. &c.  

The abuse of diverse: Apoticaries.  Hence the abuse of such Apoticaries is to be detectid, which use not only, Quid Pro quo, to give chalk for Ch●ese. But as well of all them that minister Medicines without counsel of the physician. 
It is a madness to judge in al sorts to be one way of curing.  For it is as Galen proveth lib. 3. Ther. an extreme madness, to judge that ther is a common curation of al men, and that not every one of us having another complexion and nature, requireth not another Ministration, faculty, quantity, Time, &c.  
Henceagayne the danger and hurt is manifest, daily committed by all them that minister Medicines or let blood, being themselves unskilful in the Arte, 
Great danger and hurt of the vnskilfull ministering of physic& letting of blood.  of what estate, degree, or calling soever he or shée he.  
Howbeit this our Water, in the most sort used passing excellent( as you haue hard) shal be found the benefit. If( as the Case, Time, State, and need shall require) it be received in dew quantity at the baths of Bathe: but especially at Buckstones, for most that frequent thether not vnnéedfull to be always redy. The reason whereof the learned can easily indge if they remember the climb and nature of the wells.  
And therfore( as a perpetual pledge, and willing present of mine unfeigned heart, 
To whom this water, how& where it profiteth.  towards my country, and your Lordship) I give it unto your nobleness, because I can not find that jewel which is greater or more agreeable to the condition of my calling, or more expedient to be always at hand as well abroad as at home, be it on the Seas or on the Land, in camp or in country.  
Albeit some always delight to row in Coclorels boat, through Haulles, castles, and Bowers, darting Bolts of dispraise at such as with all diligence, care, and coste studiously day and night, serchingly sail through the Occian Seas of natural Science, for to find Capebone Sperans, that they might conquer for their country, as other nations hath done, the springs, baths, and Waters of long life, and manifold benefits.  
Wheir with that island Bona, floweth, and aboundeth, embarking the same in Sapience carect, that so at length it might be brought to Troyenewith, 
London. & this wise made common for all Brittens briede to all posterities.  
The Dose measure or quantity for your lordship in Winter, shall be first in the morning three little spoonefulles, in the summer one, and that in the Caniculer Dayes, together with another spooneful o the thin syrup of the flowers of Borage and Violets.  

¶ The earl of Shrewsbery like his ancestors, delitinge in all things that may benefit his country and serve his Prince  having well tried your Noble& zealous nature whole answerable to the worthy and famous Stirpe of your ancient, most honourable, and trusty Stock. Desirous ever, and willing to embrace, accept, and esteem, whatsoever tendeth to the general profit, aduancement, and utility of your native country, and State: the furtherance whereof as you continually employ your daily endeavour: so are you a right maecenas to all them that use their Talent to the profit of the common wealth. An Argument certainly not only of true nobility, but also of perfect Christianite. And therfore right justly doth all men pray for the long preservation of your honourable and Noble estate, together with the prudent and bountiful Lady Elizabeth, your godly Bedfelowe, and all yours, that ye may continually continue in all health, with daily increase of Honour, ever in this life, and after in the life and joys everlasting.  
Amen.  
¶ Your L. most ready always at commandment, John jones.    

Errata.  
Fol. 2. page. 2. read Gretia, for Gracia.  
Fol. 5. P. 1. read uniting, for coveting.  
Fol. 5. P. 2. read man, for moon.  
Fol. 6. P. 1. read caelo, for calo.  
Fol. 7. P. 1. read et Paparilla, for in.  
Fol. 7. P. 2. read innato, for mirat.  
Fol. 9. P. 1. read mut. for imit.  
Fol. 9. P. 2. read frigi, for frigo.  
Fol. 9. P. 2. read humidite, for fumidite.  
Fol. 10. P. 1. read is, for as.  
Fol. 11. P. 1. read in temp. for temperam.  
Fol. 12. P. 1. read for means, meapts.  
Eadem. read. aquis, for aquid.  
Eadem. read bubo, for tubo.  
Eadem. read, be banished, for banished.  
Fol. 19. P. 2. read for Demune, divine.  
Fol. 20. P. 2. read for Hexomero, Hexameron  
Fol. 24. P. 1. read Morio encom. for Moria. incomium.   

¶ imprinted at London, by William jones, dwelling in Paules Churchyard, at the Southwest door of Paules, and are ther to be sold. 1574. May 8.