The Double-armed Man, By the New invention: Briefly showing some famous Exploits achieved by our british Bowmen: With several Portraitures proper for the Pike and Bow. By W. N. Archer. Printed for I. Grismand, at the sign of the Gun in Pauls Alley, 1625. TO THE MOST HIGH AND MIGHTY MONARCH CHARLES, By the Grace of GOD, of Great britain, France and Jreland KING, Defender of the Faith, &c. Most dread sovereign: MAY it please your majesty, to call to your remembrance, how, that some twelve months since I presented unto You the Copy of these few lines following in approbation of bows& arrows: bows and arrows heretofore haue been famous weapons of war, both offensive and defensive against the enemies of these kingdoms: and thereby victorious battels and famous conquests haue been gotten, though now they are employed to no use but for Recreation and sport; but J by practise, with an Jnuention haue attained to this perfection, that a soldier with his corselet and Pike may use his Long-Bow and arrows, with great agility, more force and advantage against the Enemy, then ever heretofore, not hindering the use of guns or other weapons, nor encumbrance to the Pike or any martiall Discipline, &c. After which, vpon your majesties order given for the sight thereof, I performed it before you by a soldier in your majesties park at S. Iames's: and after that, I petitioned unto your majesty, that You would bee pleased to give order that it might be practised in the two schools of martiall Discipline, the two Gardens of London and Westminster( unto which two I gave unto each a Pike and a Bow placed unto it, and a sheaf of arrows) and your majesties Answer unto my Petition( as I was informed) was, That it were metre for them to practise it of their own accord. Vpon which Answer from your majesty, I solicited those Societies for the practise and exercise of the Bow with the Pike: and accordingly that worthy society in the Artillery Garden in London hath practised it ever since. But because many of that worthy Society haue not heretofore exercised shooting, it doth not take that perfection as yet, which I hope time and practise will bring it unto: for it is the exercise of shooting that must make men perfect therein: so that if Statute-Lawes were in force for the exercise of Shooting, as in former times they haue been, then would this Invention of mine be perfitted, and the british Bowmen grow famous again as in former ages they were. Most gracious sovereign: I haue endeavoured myself unto the utmost of my small ability, for the setting forth of this Exercise, and spent my time and means for the accomplishment of my desires therein: which is, to make those worthy Societies perfect therein, and so generally throughout the Land:& having neither supportation, nor countenance, from any( but God alone) I cannot wholly employ myself thereunto, being constrained for the maintenance of my poor estate and family, to wrestle in the world, neither haue I literature sufficient, for illustration of so worthy a thing, as is this invention, if it were perfect: yet that it may not die in oblivion, I haue here presented unto your majesty this unpolished Discourse, showing herein the antiquity of the Bow, with part of the famous exploits which were achieved by the service of our british Bowmen,& the Common-wealths good in the time of the use thereof. Also, some directions for the practise of the Pike and Bow in ranks and Fyles, by this invention; with some Portraitures of the proper postures belonging thereunto, and the proper words of command for the exercise thereof: Humbly beseeching your sacred majesty, not to reject it for the rudeness thereof, for although the tongue be faltering like Moses, and the hand be rough like Esawes, yet the heart is perfect and constant like Hushai unto david: Vouchsafe therefore, gracious sovereign, to grace it with your gracious acceptance; and if it grow to perfection, let God haue the honor, your sovereign majesty the patronage, and this Common-wealth the benefit. mean while I will ever pray unto the Almighty for your majesties happy reign, prosperity, and preservation, both here and hereafter. Your majesties most dutiful and loyal subject, WILLIAM need, Archer. TO THE MOST HIGH covert OF PARliament, in both Houses assembled. Right Honourable and grave Senators: IT is recorded by diuers Historians, that many renowned Emperors, Kings, and great Potentates, haue exercised shooting for their recreations; and likewise reverend and religious Bishops after their painful study; and also grave and worthy Senators, after their serious employments, would sometimes for their recreations take their bows and arrows and exercise Archery: And still it was maintained, and also by Authority commanded to be exercised by all degrees both of old and young, and by Statute-Lawes there were penalties inflicted vpon all those that neglected the same: The chief and principal causes were, thereby to make men apt and fit for service in time of wars,& for restraint of unlawful games& exercises. But now, by reason the Bow is not used in the warres, this Exercise is neglected, for which cause,( Right Honourable and grave Senators) myself being an Archer,( and knowing well, that in the hands of our british Nation the Bow and arrows is a most famous weapon, and worthy to be preferred before any other weapon whatsoever) haue by my industry and practise, with an invention, joined the Bow and Pike together, whereby every practitioner may bee a Double-armed man, and so use them jointly or severally for his advantage: Which invention, if it were authorised and practised effectually,( as I haue with my great charges and industry invented it carefully) I doubt not but God will bless and prosper our warres by it, like as in times past when the Bow was in use; and our british Bowmen( as formerly they were) will bee a terror unto all their enemies, bringing home with them victory and conquest; which that it may be effected accordingly, I will ever pray unto the Almighty, who is the giver of victories; and ever rest Your Honours most devoted in all submissive duty, William need Archer. To the Reader. COurteous Reader, it is engrafted into all men by the instinct of Nature, to love their own country best, and to endeavour in all lawful( and laudable) means for the prosperity thereof: We know what great pains and peril, our worthy Generals, Captains, and Souldiers undergo in their marshall affairs abroad, whiles we recreate ourselves with ease and pleasure at home: But he that may take pleasure in such recreations, which may redound to the honour and welfare of his country, and will neglect it, such are no louers but rather enemies to their country: And so much I say in approbation of that laudable exercise of Shooting, which[ exercise] is now( in this late secure age) altogether neglected, but onely in this Honourable City of London, where it is countenanced and maintained: And therefore I may not omit to set down in honour thereof, that once every year for the encouragement and maintenance of Archery, the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor, doth by Proclamation give notice unto all Archers, of certain silner games, which they freely do bestow vpon the best deservers: And this is maintained as a custom unto this day: And out of those famous Archers were wont to be chosen the chiefest and most fittest, to bee of the Kings Yeomen of his Guard; which encouraged many in hope of such preferments, to exercise shooting, and thereby to be very expert Bowmen: and by these and such like means, the best deservers were preferred, and the King well furnished with all Bowmen, and the whole Land likewise was invincible by the multitude of Bowmen. And now( courteous Reader) to make thy recreation to redound to thy honour and thy Countries welfare, I present unto thee a new invention( which is practised and approved of) whereby thou mayst bring that famous weapon, the Bow and arrows, into the field again, to do service for thy Prince and Country: Now if thou wilt endeanor to practise it, as I haue endeavoured to invent it for thee, and so make thyself perfect therein by practise,( which thou mayst do with little difficulty) then shalt thou again illuminate the glorious splendour of our british Nation,( which formerly was obtained by the service of the Bowmen) and as thy Predecessors haue done, bring home into thy Country trophies of Victories and Honour: In hope whereof I ever shall rest Thine assured, W.N. Archer. objections against the use of the Bow with the Pike: And the Answers thereunto. The Bow is an encumbrance unto the Pike, in Weight, Tangling, for Close order, Counter-marching, Wheeling. FFrst, The weight of the Bow, as it is placed, is of no moment; as is explained in the book entitled The double armed man. Secondly, for entangling, either in Close order, in Counter-marching, or in Wheeling: In all which, the Pikeman doth carry his Pike advanced, and then is the bow directly over his head: so that the Bow can be no more encumbrance then his own body, either to his leader, his follower, his right hand man, or his left hand man. The Bow will be troublesone when you cheek or trail your Pike. The Bow is so placed vpon the Pike with the Engine, that if any such service be required,( which is very seldom) then may the Bow very readily be slipped off the Pike, and so trailed therewith; and with as great readiness slipped on again: And also cheeking may be done with great agility. What use is for the Bow, when you come to close order. It is observable, that when you draw to close order, it is to receive the enemy at the push of Pike, which when you so close your ranks, yet in file you allow so much distance one from the other, which may give your arms liberty for to push with your Pike; which the bow doth no way hinder, for it is placed so fast unto the Pike, that no trouble is therewith. Besides, when your front stands so charged, your middle men, and your rear, may do good service with their arrows vpon many occasions, for in such close order, you may use your bow either against horse or foot. Men are not now of that strength to manage the bow, as heretofore they were, and therefore they cannot now do execution as formerly they did. What we want in strength of our predecessors, 〈◇〉 and good by our ingeniousnesse: For first, wee haue the help of the Pike, which serveth for a Rest for the bow arm, whereby we draw a very strong bow, as the book formerly noted doth specific. Secondly, we haue now more exact skill in making both bows and arrows, and thereby we can against: 〈…〉 may be done with great aginity. What use is for the Bow, when you come to close order. It is observable, that when you draw to close order, it is to receive the enemy at the push of Pike, which when you so close your ranks, yet in file you allow so much distance one from the other, which may give your arms liberty for to push with your Pike; which the bow doth no way hinder, for it is placed so fast unto the Pike, that no trouble is therewith. Besides, when your front stands so charged, your middle men, and your rear, may do good service with their arrows vpon many occasions, for in such close order, you may use your bow either against horse or foot. Men are not now of that strength to manage the bow, as heretofore they were, and therefore they cannot now do execution as formerly they did. What we want in strength of our predecessors, we make good by our ingeniousnesse: For first, wee haue the help of the Pike, which serveth for a Rest for the bow arm, whereby we draw a very strong bow, as the book formerly noted doth specify. Secondly, we haue now more exact skill in making both bows and arrows; and thereby we can shoot further, and more piercing, by reason of the advantage that we haue in our arrows, which are both nimble and flighty; whereby we are enabled to do execution at the distance of 16.18. or 20. score yards off. Thirdly, wee do hereby double service, both with the Pike and with the Bow also, whereas without the Bow, the pikeman stands but as a mark for the shoemakers and horsemen, as is explained in the book formerly name. What hurt can the arrows do against armed men? There is neither man nor horse that can be so armed, as to free himself from the showers of arrows, for every bowman may haue two or three arrows still flying, and therefore no part of the body is free from the arrow; for in the descending, it must hit either the head, face, arms, body, thighs, legs, or feet, both of the leaders and followers, and so both the middle and the rear of the enemies battle are subject to the arrows, as well as the front; and likewise both Horsemen, Pikemen, shoemakers, and also Cannoniers, even all and every of these will be so terrified with the object, as well as with the hurt of the showers of arrows, that the enemy thereby will be made uncapable of doing any service. There are not now set battels fought, as formerly were, and therefore the Bow is not serviceable as heretofore it was. wheresoever the Pike or the Musket are serviceable, there will the Bow be serviceable also. Besides, in rain or moist weather the Bow is useful: Also with our showers of arrows we can shoot into any town, Castle, Fort, or Trench; as likewise to shoot fireworks, as the aforesaid book mentioneth. And now to clear all other difficulties which may be objected against the use of the Bow in service by this invention; and also to give further satisfaction unto this Honourable Assembly, If it may seem requisite unto this Honourable House, to give order that a selected company of Archers may be admitted to perform such service as hath been specified, and also time and place convenient for such spectators, as your wisedoms shall think meet for censure thereof, we doubt not, by Gods assistance, but to give such ample satisfaction, that all honourable Commanders and worthy Captaines and Souldiers shall approve thereo. FINIS. THE DOVBLE-ARMED MAN. GOD Almighty, who is the author of al good unto Man, putteth into his mind good motions, inventions, and actions, for his help and preservation. As he did unto Noah when he built the ark, whereby both he and his family were preserved from the Flood. At which time also, the Lord made his covenant with them, for their comfort, and set his Bow in the Cloud for confirmation thereof: and afterward, it pleased God to inspire into man such wisdom, and policy, to imitate and make material bows, for their use and defence, against the wild beasts of the field, which otherwise might haue devoured them: and likewise when envy and strife grew betwixt man and man, it served for a chief weapon amongst them, to maintain their rights, and to defend themselves one against the other,& so by use the Bow became the best weapon of all others unto succeeding ages. And after this began the name of Archer; for it is said of ishmael, the son of Abraham, that God was with him, and he dwelled in the wilderness, and was an Archer. So likewise were the two sons of Izhac, for Esau was an Archer, and he used his Bow for Hunting. But jacob used it for Warres, for he saith unto his son joseph, I haue given thee one portion of ground, which I got from the Amorite with my Sword, and with my Bow. And so successively it was used amongst the Israelites, and of great estimation, for King david he saith, that the Lord he teacheth the use thereof, and likewise enableth a man thereunto in these words, The Lord, saith he, teacheth my hands to war, so that a Bow of steel is broken by me: and all King Dauids Worthies and chief men of Ware, were armed with bows and arrows. King David also, he commanded that the children should be taught to shoot,& to learn the use of the Bow,& so to succeeding ages it continued, and was accounted of amongst all the famous Nations in the world, to be the best Weapon. It is recorded in holy Writ, that the Assyrians they used the Bow and arrows, in all their warres against the Israelites. The Persians; their Kings were admirable Bowmen, and they accounted of it as their best weapon for warres, and still it is in use with them. And likewise the romans in all their conquests, they esteemed of the Bowmen to bee the best and surest souldiers. The Parthians with their bows and arrows, vanquished the famous roman captain, Crassus, with all his Legions( which came into their country to conquer it) and slay them all. The Turkes, they haue used this weapon in all their conquests, and do still use it, so that by their continual use and perfect skill therein, together with their innumerable multitude of arrows flying in the sight of their enemies, when they go to warres, they are a terror unto all their Christian neighbours that inhabit about them, and what King or Potentate is of that force and power, as is the turk now at this day. But of all the Nations in the world, our british Nation were most excellent and famous, in this weapon the long Bow and arrows, before wee were so variable in neglecting the use thereof. And certainly, if we of all other Nations, being so expert in the use thereof; and also by agility so enabled, I say if we had exercised and used the long Bow and arrows in the Warres, as heretofore our Predecessors haue done, we had been famous thereby as they were. For then our british Nation were accounted the absolute best warriors in the world, and got by the use of the Bow, victorious battailes, and conquests, to their immortal famed and honour, as in our Chronicle-Histories it is recorded, whereof I will set down some few, omitting many more for brevity. I will first begin with King William the Conqueror, for he conquered this Land by the use of the Bow, as is recorded by sir John Haward, in his book of the History of the three first Norman Kings. Also King Edward the third, who having title to the crown of France, invaded it, and in a set battle at Cresse, he subdued the French, so that most of the nobility were either slain, or taken; and also conquered the strong town of Callis, all which was accomplished by the service of the Bowmen. After that, his son the famous Prince Edward called the black Prince, he in a set battle at poitiers, took the French King prisoner, and withall most of the nobility were either slain or taken: and all these battels and Victories were gotten by the Bowmens service. So likewise King Henry the fift, in the battle at Agincourt, obtained a glorious Victory: In which battle, as the story saith, were taken and slain, the flower of all the nobility of France, notwithstanding the vnequalitie of the number in all these battels, for it is Recorded, that the French exceeded the britons in number ten for one, and this was achieved by the service of the Bowmen. After this, in the time of King Henry the sixth, what famous battels were gotten under the leading of the Duke of Bedford, then Regent in France, by his valiant Bowmen. I will forbear to speak of the civil Warres here in our own Land, for they were unnatural warres, therefore let them die in oblivion. But after this, King Edward the fourth made a journey into France with his Bowmen, where he obtained of the French King, a Peace according to his desire. Likewise when King Henry the seventh came in against Richard the murderous usurper,& subdued him: in all which Warres, the Bow and arrows were altogether their chiefest and best weapons. And likewise King Henry the eight, when he made his journeys into France,& like a conqueror won the Cities of Turwin, and of Tourney, and afterward of Bullen; in all which journeys, he was furnished with his valiant Bowmen, which still were a terror unto their enemies, the showers of arrows which they shot, did even darken the skies, and did so amaze the enemy, that the very object thereof, was as grievous unto them, as death itself, for they are vnauoidable, as did appear by the many wounds which they gave unto all either horse, or foot, for no part of the body, the very eye is not free from the Arrow. And this is certain, that if either man or horse be wounded with a sheaf Arrow, with a Barb'd head thereon, let it be in what part of the body so ever, if it doth not deadly execution, it makes him uncapable of doing any service, for either they must pull out the Arrow, and so mortify and rend the flesh, veins,& sinews, and sometimes in so pulling of the Arrow out, to leave the head behind, or else cut out the piece, in what place so ever it sticketh. But especially for horse it is acknowledged by all Commanders, that it is the absolute best weapon of all others, for no horse will endure the hurt of an Arrow, but with the smart thereof he will disorder all those about him, and both spoil himself and his Rider. But now, by new inventions and Stratagems, the old military discipline in the Warres is altered; and therefore the Bow is cast by as altogether unserviceable in these times. True it is, that many are the inventions of man, and haue been from the beginning, some good and well-pleasing to God, and some again wicked and offensive both to God, and all good men. Amongst all which, Bartholdus Swart the Franciscan friar, with his most devilish invention of Gunpowder, is the most damnable, and from hell itself invented. But it is now of that estimation, that many other both inventions and Weapons, formerly in great account, are quiter laid aside as altogether unnecessary, especially with us, this ancient famous weapon, the Bow and arrows is quiter extinguished. Other Nations notwithstanding they make use of new inventions; yet do they not leave off these famous ancient Weapons the Bow and arrows, as we haue done these many yeares. And because now in these later variable times, since these unctuous inventions haue been discovered, and thereby the use of Hand-guns and Muskets haue been in request, the Bow and arrows haue been altogether neglected by our Nation, as is aforesaid, because they are thought to be vneffectuall, and not of force to do that execution which the fiery weapons do. Yet notwithstanding, if the Premises before spoken of be well considered, ( viz.) the number of arrows still flying,( for every Archer may shoot six arrows within the time of the charging, and discharging of one Musket) and the number of Bowmen stil shooting,( for how many so ever they be, they may all shoot together) also the many wounds which the arrows do give,( for few of them fly in vain amongst a multitude) together with the terror of the object, and sight of so many voleys of arrows still flying vpon the enemy: It cannot bee denied but it must needs disorder them, whether they be horse or foot. Besides, in the rain or moist weather, the Bow and arrows are serviceable, vpon all advantages, when the fiery weapons cannot be used. But there is an objection to bee made, that it would bee double charges to maintain Bowmen in the Warres, and the effects that may be done thereby, will not countervail it. Besides, to haue Bowmen with others in the Warres, according to the Martiall discipline now used, This objection is answered by the chief subject of this Discourse, which shows that the Pikeman now is made a Bowman also by this new Invention practised. they would be troublesone unto the rest, and cannot be placed to do service, as in former times they haue done, by reason there are not in these times, set battailes fought in the field, as in former times haue been: and in those set battels the Bowmen were placed and barricadoed in, whereby the horsemen could not break in vpon them; and being so conveniently placed, to shoot their voleys of arrows, thereby to gull and wound the horse, and therewithal to disorder them, and this is said to be the most material service that the Bowmen did. I will not now further dilate vpon the many good services, which the Bowmen haue done in former times, ancient Histories relate sufficiently thereof, as before I haue shewed. But it is apparent by Record, that it was a conquering weapon: for I find in those battels formerly spoken of, that the Bowmen did so wound& annoy the enemy with Arrows, that they could neither fight nor fly, and that the English like conquerors, did kill and take prisoners whom they listed; so that every English soldier had two, three, or four prisoners; and I think I may say without offence, that it is a weapon well pleasing to God: But sure I am, it is the cheapest weapon of all others, and the easiest both to be had, and to be practised. Besides, it was a good Common-wealths handy Trade, and employed many thousands at work, which lived well thereby; for in every City and town in every Shire throughout the Land, yea in every Country Parish, there were of Bowyers, Fletchers, String-makers, and Arrow-head makers, or some others thereunto depending, that lived by their employment therein. And for recreation and exercise it exceedeth all, it makes us apt and fit to do our Prince service vpon all sudden occasions, it increaseth strength and agility, it maintains health, and expels diseases, It procures a stomach, and causeth good digesture, and being moderately used, the exercise thereof is maintained with very small charges, Much more besides may be spoken of this laudable Exercise of Shooting, for the exercise thereof expels drunkenness, swearing, dicing, carding, quoyting, cat-playing, besides many other vain and ungodly vices. Besides, the Sabbath day was not so profaned when this exercise was used, for then the country Famers and Yeomen, with others likewise, with their sons and men seruants, notwithstanding they dwelled far from their Parish Churches, yet would they take their bows and arrows for their recreation and exercise, and so shoot to their Parish Churches and go to divine service, both morning and evening; whereas now, there are many that spend their time much worse vpon the Sabbath day, either in some of these unlawful games or vices before spoken of, or some others as bad, or else sitting in the Alehouse drinking, swearing, sucking Tobacco, and so spending their time and patrimony also, and scarce go to Church, especially to evening Prayer once in a quarter of a year. All these premises considered,( obliged me) both for the honour of God, my bound duty and allegiance unto my gracious sovereign, with my natural love to my country, for the honour and preservation of the same, both to study and practise how I might be serviceable thereunto. And thereupon, being an Archer, I practised how to bring that famous ancient weapon, the Long-bow and arrows into the field again, to do service for my Prince and Country, as in former times they haue done. To this end and purpose I endeavoured myself many yeares, practising with many inventions, until at last it pleased God to perfect me therein: So that now I do constantly affirm, not onely by my own perfect experience and practise, but by the practise of the worthy Society of the trained Band, in the artillery Garden in London, it being practised there this twelve months, and approved of, not onely by that worthy Society, and the ancient experienced captain thereof, captain Bingham; but by the approbation of many other honourable Commanders, That the soldier with his corselet and his Pike may be a Bowman also, with great ease and readiness, with great strength and advantage, and without encumbrance, and therewith to encounter his enemy in the open field, with the shoemakers and others; whereas without the Bow the Pikemen are but as a mark for the shoemakers and Horsemen to play vpon, doing no service until they come to the push or charge. But now being armed with the Bow, The former objection answered. they are ready to come on vpon all advantages, his Pike being his barricadoe, and with his arrows he shall offend his enemy from 18 or 20 score yards, unto six score yards, as well as the shoemakers, whether his enemy be horse or foot, until they come to close, which they will hardly do, as many Commanders do verify, if these weapons were well exercised and practised together, and men made perfect therein, according as is requisite in all other weapons. But some haue objected, that the weight of the Bow and arrows will be too much for the Pikeman to carry. But it is easily answered, for it is very probable, that the weight is of no moment, for the Bow being fastened unto the Pike in the place where they shoulder the Pike, it is thereby carried with great ease: And likewise the Pike is a Rest for the Bowarme for drawing of his Bow, being made fast in the place aforesaid with the engine; for he chargeth not his Bow-arme with any strength by drawing, but onely to guide his Arrow towards his mark, by which help, he may draw a Bow much stronger then otherwise he could do. I read also, that in former times when Bowmen had continued long in the Field, by reason of their lying on the ground, or by some other inconveniences, that thereby they grew weak, so that they were not able to draw their bows. But now by this invention, with the help of the Pike, being a Rest for the Bow-arme, as is aforesaid, the Bowman is enabled to use his Bow, and to shoot, notwithstanding these inconveniences. For it is probable, that any Archer may draw his Bow with his right arm, which is his drawing arm, when he cannot bear it out with his left arm, which is his holding-out, or Bow-arme. I haue had conference with some Commanders, debating vpon services which may bee done with the Bow and arrows, and some are opinioned, that they will be serviceable for to shoot fire-works vpon some occasion; and I know by experience, that an Archer may shoot an ounce of firework vpon an Arrow twelve score yards. But they all do approve, that the Pikemen being armed with bows and arrows, according to this invention practised, they are thereby enabled to do very material service, for the guard of conuoyes, which for the most part are assaulted by the horse. And although now in these times, there are many stratagems used in the Warres, which in former times were not; yet notwithstanding I presume, that bows and arrows used by this invention, will be found very serviceable many ways as yet undiscovered. And therefore I conclude, that by this invention, the Bow man may perform that service many ways, which in former times he could not do, being armed with his corselet, and barrocadoed with his Pike, and thereby emboldened to come on, as is aforesaid, or if occasion be, vpon any service, he may take his Bow from his Pike, and so be a Bowman, or Pikeman alone. Now the perfection of this exercise if they haue been Bowmen, may be attained unto by practise without any great difficulty, and thereby he is a Double-Armed man: And for the order and postures belonging to the Pike and Bow, for the true use thereof, is as followeth. First, the whole body of Pikes must keep their fyles of Pikes strait by line, for in so doing they may all shoot, as well the middle and the rear, as the Front, without offending one another. Secondly, every follower must shoot right over his Leaders head, and so shoot thorough his own file of Pikes, for that must be his true direction to make his shoot. Thirdly, if the enemy comes on, and that the leaders do shoot breast high, then are the followers to bear their Bowhand even with the top of his leaders head, for that is the lowest and shortest distance, that they can shoot, standing in their order, and square body. Fourthly, after your last shoot, which is about sixscore yards, you must fasten your Bow, and come up to your close order for the charge, and if it be for horse, while the five or six first Ranges stand charged with their Pikes, restend at the foot, and their Swords drawn, the middle& the rear may shoot their voleys of arrows, and do good service, whereas without their bows they can do nothing, but stand with their Pikes sloapt, or ported These observations for the practise of this exercise, I haue here set down for instruction unto all those, that hereafter shall endeavour to practise the same. Here followeth the proper words of command, belonging to this exercise for the Pike and Bow, according as it hath been practised by the worthy society in the Artilerie Garden in London. The proper words of command for this exercise, are as followeth. Order your Pike. Slope your Pike. Vnfasten your Bow. Draw out your Arrow. knock your Arrow. Shoot wholly together. Port your Pike and March. Port and Retire. Fasten your Bow. recover your Pike. advance your Pike. Come up to your close Order. Charge your Pike. recover your Pike. Shoulder your Pike and March. Comport your Pike and March. Here followeth also: six several Portraitures, most proper for this exercise with the Pike and Bow, by this Invention, with the Observations, and words of command, properly belonging to each several posture. The Pikeman stands ordered. This Portraiture is first placed, being properly the first Posture: for the Pikeman standing ordered, is ready also for all other Postures, or service whatsoever he shall be commanded: As, Advance your Pike, &c. Shoulder your Pike, and March. Slope your Pike. Vnfasten your bow, and shoot. Port your pike and march. Port your pike and retire, &c. The Pikeman stands sloapt and shooting. This Portraiture is properly for shooting, with this observation, the Butt end of the Pike be fast in the ground at the right foot. The words of command for this posture, are as followeth: Sloape your pike. Vnfasten your bow. Draw out your arrow. Nocke your arrow. Shoot wholly together. The Pikeman stands ported to march or retire. This Portraiture is most proper for the third place, for after shooting the first volley of arrows at the furthest distance, If any fall short, you are ready being so ported, to march ten paces, or more or less, as you shall be commanded, to shoot your second volley of arrows; and then again being so ported, you are ready to retire, as aforesaid, to shoot the third volley of arrows. &c. After which, the words of command are, Fasten your bow. And recover your pike. The Pikeman stands charged. This Portraiture is placed next after the former, for when the soldier hath shot his volleys of arrows, and fastened his bow, if the enemy will come to the push, then is he readily a pikeman, and so to receive his enemy at the push. The words of command for this posture, are as followeth: advance your Pike. Come up to your close Order. Charge your Pike. The Pikeman stands couched and charged for the horse, with his Sword drawn. This Portraiture of charging for horse, is to show, that the Bow is very material for this service; for the siue or six first ranks standing couched at this charge, the middle and the rear may shoot their volleys of arrows, and therewith both gaule, wound, disorder, and kill the enemy, both man and horse. The words of command are, five first ranks draw your Swords close to your pouldrons. Charge at the foot, and couch low. Middle and rear, port and come up to your order, and shoot your arrows. The Pikeman shoulders and marches. This Portraiture of shouldering and marching, is placed to show with what ease the Bow is carried with the Pike, and without encumbrance unto the pikeman, either for carriage or service. The words of command for this posture are, Shoulder your Pike and March. Likewise comporting is very proper vpon some occasion for the Pike and Bow: the words are, Comport your Pike and March. FINIS.